1
|
Kolay J, Zhang P, Zhou X, Wan Z, Chieng A, Wang S. Ligand Binding-Induced Cellular Membrane Deformation is Correlated with the Changes in Membrane Stiffness. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9943-9953. [PMID: 37963180 PMCID: PMC10763494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Study interaction between ligands and protein receptors is a key step for biomarker research and drug discovery. In situ measurement of cell surface membrane protein binding on whole cells eliminates the cost and pitfalls associated with membrane protein purification. Ligand binding to membrane protein was recently found to induce nanometer-scale cell membrane deformations, which can be monitored with real-time optical imaging to quantify ligand/protein binding kinetics. However, the insight into this phenomenon has still not been fully understood. We hypothesize that ligand binding can change membrane stiffness, which induces membrane deformation. To investigate this, cell height and membrane stiffness changes upon ligand binding are measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is used as a model ligand that binds to the cell surface glycoprotein. The changes in cell membrane stiffness and cell height upon ligand bindings are determined for three different cell lines (human A431, HeLa, and rat RBL-2H3) on two different substrates. AFM results show that cells become stiffer with increased height after WGA modification for all cases studied. The increase in cell membrane stiffness is further confirmed by plasmonic scattering microscopy, which shows an increased cell spring constant upon WGA binding. Therefore, this study provides direct experimental evidence that the membrane stiffness changes are directly correlated with ligand binding-induced cell membrane deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Kolay
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Zijian Wan
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Andy Chieng
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Tian Y, Lin C, Miao J, Yu X. A monolithically integrated microcantilever biosensor based on partially depleted SOI CMOS technology. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:60. [PMID: 37206699 PMCID: PMC10188532 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a monolithically integrated aptasensor composed of a piezoresistive microcantilever array and an on-chip signal processing circuit. Twelve microcantilevers, each of them embedded with a piezoresistor, form three sensors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. The on-chip signal processing circuit consists of a multiplexer, a chopper instrumentation amplifier, a low-pass filter, a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter, and a serial peripheral interface. Both the microcantilever array and the on-chip signal processing circuit were fabricated on the single-crystalline silicon device layer of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with partially depleted (PD) CMOS technology followed by three micromachining processes. The integrated microcantilever sensor makes full use of the high gauge factor of single-crystalline silicon to achieve low parasitic, latch-up, and leakage current in the PD-SOI CMOS. A measured deflection sensitivity of 0.98 × 10-6 nm-1 and an output voltage fluctuation of less than 1 μV were obtained for the integrated microcantilever. A maximum gain of 134.97 and an input offset current of only 0.623 nA were acquired for the on-chip signal processing circuit. By functionalizing the measurement microcantilevers with a biotin-avidin system method, human IgG, abrin, and staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) were detected at a limit of detection (LOD) of 48 pg/mL. Moreover, multichannel detection of the three integrated microcantilever aptasensors was also verified by detecting SEB. All these experimental results indicate that the design and process of monolithically integrated microcantilevers can meet the requirements of high-sensitivity detection of biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Cong Lin
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jiahao Miao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Yang S, Zeng J, Li X, Chuai R. A Genosensor Based on the Modification of a Microcantilever: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:427. [PMID: 36838127 PMCID: PMC9959632 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When the free end of a microcantilever is modified by a genetic probe, this sensor can be used for a wider range of applications, such as for chemical analysis, biological testing, pharmaceutical screening, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, to clarify the preparation and detection process of a microcantilever sensor with genetic probe modification, the core procedures, such as probe immobilization, complementary hybridization, and signal extraction and processing, are combined and compared. Then, to reveal the microcantilever's detection mechanism and analysis, the influencing factors of testing results, the theoretical research, including the deflection principle, the establishment and verification of a detection model, as well as environmental influencing factors are summarized. Next, to demonstrate the application results of the genetic-probe-modified sensors, based on the classification of detection targets, the application status of other substances except nucleic acid, virus, bacteria and cells is not introduced. Finally, by enumerating the application results of a genetic-probe-modified microcantilever combined with a microfluidic chip, the future development direction of this technology is surveyed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the future design of a genetic-probe-modified microcantilever, with further exploration of the sensitive mechanism, optimization of the design and processing methods, expansion of the application fields, and promotion of practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-024-2549-6401
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Yan T, Mei K, Rao D, Wu W, Chen Y, Peng Y, Wang J, Wu S, Zhang Q. Nanomechanical assay for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on peptide nucleic acid. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:1183-1195. [PMID: 35610981 PMCID: PMC9118818 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The massive global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic makes the development of more effective and easily popularized assays critical. Here, we developed an ultrasensitive nanomechanical method based on microcantilever array and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. The method has an extremely low detection limit of 0.1 fM (105 copies/mL) for N-gene specific sequence (20 bp). Interestingly, it was further found that the detection limit of N gene (pharyngeal swab sample) was even lower, reaching 50 copies/mL. The large size of the N gene dramatically enhances the sensitivity of the nanomechanical sensor by up to three orders of magnitude. The detection limit of this amplification-free assay method is an order of magnitude lower than RT-PCR (500 copies/mL) that requires amplification. The non-specific signal in the assay is eliminated by the in-situ comparison of the array, reducing the false-positive misdiagnosis rate. The method is amplification-free and label-free, allowing for accurate diagnosis within 1 h. The strong specificity and ultra-sensitivity allow single base mutations in viruses to be distinguished even at very low concentrations. Also, the method remains sensitive to fM magnitude lung cancer marker (miRNA-155). Therefore, this ultrasensitive, amplification-free and inexpensive assay is expected to be used for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients and to be extended as a broad detection tool. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (experimental section, N gene sequences and all nucleic acid sequences used in the study, Figs. S1-S6, and Tables S1-S3) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4333-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Tianhao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Kainan Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Depeng Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Ye Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Yongpei Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Shangquan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rao D, Yan T, Qiao Z, Wang Y, Peng Y, Tu H, Wu S, Zhang Q. Relay-type sensing mode: A strategy to push the limit on nanomechanical sensor sensitivity based on the magneto lever. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:3231-3239. [PMID: 36405983 PMCID: PMC9661467 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ultrasensitive molecular detection and quantization are crucial for many applications including clinical diagnostics, functional proteomics, and drug discovery; however, conventional biochemical sensors cannot satisfy the stringent requirements, and this has resulted in a long-standing dilemma regarding sensitivity improvement. To this end, we have developed an ultrasensitive relay-type nanomechanical sensor based on a magneto lever. By establishing the link between very weak molecular interaction and five orders of magnitude larger magnetic force, analytes at ultratrace level can produce a clearly observable mechanical response. Initially, proof-of-concept studies showed an improved detection limit up to five orders of magnitude when employing the magneto lever, as compared with direct detection using probe alone. In this study, we subsequently demonstrated that the relay-type sensing mode was universal in application ranging from micromolecule to macromolecule detection, which can be easily extended to detect enzymes, DNA, proteins, cells, viruses, bacteria, chemicals, etc. Importantly, we found that, sensitivity was no longer subject to probe affinity when the magneto lever was sufficiently high, theoretically, even reaching single-molecule resolution. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (experimental section) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5049-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Tianhao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Zihan Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Yongpei Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Han Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Shangquan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Agarwal DK, Nandwana V, Henrich SE, Josyula VPVN, Thaxton CS, Qi C, Simons LM, Hultquist JF, Ozer EA, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Highly sensitive and ultra-rapid antigen-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 using nanomechanical sensor platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113647. [PMID: 34583103 PMCID: PMC8445766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 including recent emergence of new variants with its extreme range of pathologies create an urgent need to develop a versatile sensor for a rapid, precise, and highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we report a microcantilever-based optical detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigenic proteins in just few minutes with high specificity by employing fluidic-atomic force microscopy (f-AFM) mediated nanomechanical deflection method. The corresponding antibodies against the target antigens were first grafted on the gold-coated microcantilever surface pre-functionalized with EDC-NHS chemistry for a suitable antibody-antigen interaction. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S1) receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins was first demonstrated at a clinically relevant concentration down to 1 ng/mL (33 pM) by real-time monitoring of nanomechanical signal induced by antibody-antigen interaction. More importantly, we further show high specific detection of antigens with nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients pre-determined with qRT-PCR. The results take less than 5 min (swab to signal ≤5 min) and exhibit high selectivity and analytical sensitivity (LoD: 100 copies/ ml; 0.71 ng/ml of N protein). These findings demonstrate potential for nanomechanical signal transduction towards rapid antigen detection for early screening of SARS-CoV-2 and its related mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vikas Nandwana
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stephen E Henrich
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Egon A Ozer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumemura M, Pekin D, Menon VA, Van Seuningen I, Collard D, Tarhan MC. Fabricating Silicon Resonators for Analysing Biological Samples. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1546. [PMID: 34945396 PMCID: PMC8708134 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adaptability of microscale devices allows microtechnologies to be used for a wide range of applications. Biology and medicine are among those fields that, in recent decades, have applied microtechnologies to achieve new and improved functionality. However, despite their ability to achieve assay sensitivities that rival or exceed conventional standards, silicon-based microelectromechanical systems remain underutilised for biological and biomedical applications. Although microelectromechanical resonators and actuators do not always exhibit optimal performance in liquid due to electrical double layer formation and high damping, these issues have been solved with some innovative fabrication processes or alternative experimental approaches. This paper focuses on several examples of silicon-based resonating devices with a brief look at their fundamental sensing elements and key fabrication steps, as well as current and potential biological/biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kumemura
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan;
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Deniz Pekin
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
- CNRS/IIS/COL/Lille University, SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, CEDEX, 59046 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Vivek Anand Menon
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Gunma 376-8515, Japan;
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Dominique Collard
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
- CNRS/IIS/COL/Lille University, SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, CEDEX, 59046 Lille, France
| | - Mehmet Cagatay Tarhan
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
- CNRS/IIS/COL/Lille University, SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, CEDEX, 59046 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, Institut
d’Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang D, Yu J, Xia F, Huang J, Zeng H, Tirrell M, Israelachvili J, Plaxco KW. Nanometer-Scale Force Profiles of Short Single- and Double-Stranded DNA Molecules on a Gold Surface Measured Using a Surface Forces Apparatus. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13346-13352. [PMID: 34730362 PMCID: PMC8968159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Using a surface forces apparatus (SFA), we have studied the nanomechanical behavior of short single-stranded and partially and fully double-stranded DNA molecules attached via one end to a self-assembled monolayer on a gold surface. Our results confirm the previously proposed "mushroom-like" polymer structure for surface-attached, single-stranded DNA at low packing density and a "brush-like" structure for the same construct at higher density. At low density we observe a transition to "rigid rod" behavior upon addition of DNA complementary to the surface-attached single strand as the fraction of molecules that are double-stranded increases, with a concomitant increase in the SFA-observed thickness of the monolayer and the characteristic length of the observed repulsive forces. At higher densities, in contrast, this transition is effectively eliminated, presumably because the single-stranded state is already extended in its "brush" state. Taken together, these studies offer insights into the structure and physics of surface-attached short DNAs, providing new guidance for the rational design of DNA-modified functional surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Matthew Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jacob Israelachvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rao D, Mei K, Yan T, Wang Y, Wu W, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wu S. Nanomechanical sensor for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of tumor markers in serum using nanobody. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 15:1003-1012. [PMID: 34221250 PMCID: PMC8240779 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early cancer diagnosis requires ultrasensitive detection of tumor markers in blood. To this end, we develop a novel microcantilever immunosensor using nanobodies (Nbs) as receptors. As the smallest antibody (Ab) entity comprising an intact antigen-binding site, Nbs achieve dense receptor layers and short distances between antigen-binding regions and sensor surfaces, which significantly elevate the generation and transmission of surface stress. Owing to the inherent thiol group at the C-terminus, Nbs are covalently immobilized on microcantilever surfaces in directed orientation via one-step reaction, which further enhances the stress generation. For microcantilever-based nanomechanical sensor, these advantages dramatically increase the sensor sensitivity. Thus, Nb-functionalized microcantilevers can detect picomolar concentrations of tumor markers with three orders of magnitude higher sensitivity, when compared with conventional Ab-functionalized microcantilevers. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates an ultrasensitive, label-free, rapid, and low-cost method for tumor marker detection. Moreover, interestingly, we find Nb inactivation on sensor interfaces when using macromolecule blocking reagents. The adsorption-induced inactivation is presumably caused by the change of interfacial properties, due to binding site occlusion upon complex coimmobilization formations. Our findings are generalized to any coimmobilization methodology for Nbs and, thus, for the construction of high-performance immuno-surfaces. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (experimental section, HER2 detection using anti-HER2-mAb-functionalized microcantilevers) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-3588-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Kainan Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Tianhao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Ye Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Shangquan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sugihara T, Udupa A, Viswanathan K, Davis JM, Chandrasekar S. Organic monolayers disrupt plastic flow in metals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/51/eabc8900. [PMID: 33328232 PMCID: PMC7744067 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adsorbed films often influence mechanical behavior of surfaces, leading to well-known mechanochemical phenomena such as liquid metal embrittlement and environment-assisted cracking. Here, we demonstrate a mechanochemical phenomenon wherein adsorbed long-chain organic monolayers disrupt large-strain plastic deformation in metals. Using high-speed in situ imaging and post facto analysis, we show that the monolayers induce a ductile-to-brittle transition. Sinuous flow, characteristic of ductile metals, gives way to quasi-periodic fracture, typical of brittle materials, with 85% reduction in deformation forces. By independently varying surface energy and molecule chain length via molecular self-assembly, we argue that this "embrittlement" is driven by adsorbate-induced surface stress, as against surface energy reduction. Our observations, backed by modeling and molecular simulations, could provide a basis for explaining diverse mechanochemical phenomena in solids. The results also have implications for manufacturing processes such as machining and comminution, and wear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sugihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anirudh Udupa
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2023, USA
| | - Koushik Viswanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jason M Davis
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2023, USA
- Special Warfare and Expeditionary Systems Department, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division, Crane, IN 47552, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chandrasekar
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2023, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Timoshenko RV, Vaneev AN, Savin NA, Klyachko NL, Parkhomenko YN, Salikhov SV, Majouga AG, Gorelkin PV, Erofeev AS. Promising Approaches for Determination of Copper Ions in Biological Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078020020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Tavakoli M, Jazani S, Sgouralis I, Shafraz OM, Sivasankar S, Donaphon B, Levitus M, Pressé S. Pitching single-focus confocal data analysis one photon at a time with Bayesian nonparametrics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2020; 10:011021. [PMID: 34540355 PMCID: PMC8445401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.10.011021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence time traces are used to report on dynamical properties of molecules. The basic unit of information in these traces is the arrival time of individual photons, which carry instantaneous information from the molecule, from which they are emitted, to the detector on timescales as fast as microseconds. Thus, it is theoretically possible to monitor molecular dynamics at such timescales from traces containing only a sufficient number of photon arrivals. In practice, however, traces are stochastic and in order to deduce dynamical information through traditional means-such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and related techniques-they are collected and temporally autocorrelated over several minutes. So far, it has been impossible to analyze dynamical properties of molecules on timescales approaching data acquisition without collecting long traces under the strong assumption of stationarity of the process under observation or assumptions required for the analytic derivation of a correlation function. To avoid these assumptions, we would otherwise need to estimate the instantaneous number of molecules emitting photons and their positions within the confocal volume. As the number of molecules in a typical experiment is unknown, this problem demands that we abandon the conventional analysis paradigm. Here, we exploit Bayesian nonparametrics that allow us to obtain, in a principled fashion, estimates of the same quantities as FCS but from the direct analysis of traces of photon arrivals that are significantly smaller in size, or total duration, than those required by FCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Tavakoli
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sina Jazani
- Center for Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Ioannis Sgouralis
- Center for Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Omer M. Shafraz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sanjeevi Sivasankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bryan Donaphon
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Marcia Levitus
- Center for Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Steve Pressé
- Corresponding author. ; Website: http://statphysbio.physics.asu.edu
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Atomic force microscopy-based cancer diagnosis by detecting cancer-specific biomolecules and cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:367-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Limor Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan ZQ, Chen YC, Zhang NH. Theoretical Analysis for Bending of Single-Stranded DNA Adsorption on Microcantilever Sensors. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092812. [PMID: 30149675 PMCID: PMC6163529 DOI: 10.3390/s18092812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An energy-based model is presented to establish the bending deformation of microcantilever beams induced by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) adsorption. The total free energy of the DNA-microcantilever sensor was obtained by considering the excluded-volume energy and the polymer stretching energy of DNA chains from mean-field theory, and the mechanical energy of three non-biological layers. The radius of curvature and deflection of the cantilever were determined through the minimum principle of energy. The efficiency of the present model was confirmed through comparison with experimental data. The effects of length, grafting density, salt concentration, thickness, and elastic modulus of substrate on tip deflections are also discussed in this paper. These factors can significantly affect the deflections of the biosensor. This work demonstrates that it is useful to develop a theoretical model for the label-free nanomechanical detection technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zou-Qing Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Yang-Chun Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Neng-Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
- Department of Mechanics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou MH, Meng WL, Zhang CY, Li XB, Wu JZ, Zhang NH. The pH-dependent elastic properties of nanoscale DNA films and the resultant bending signals for microcantilever biosensors. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3028-3039. [PMID: 29637943 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The diverse mechanical properties of nanoscale DNA films on solid substrates have a close correlation with complex detection signals of micro-/nano-devices. This paper is devoted to formulating several multiscale models to study the effect of pH-dependent ionic inhomogeneity on the graded elastic properties of nanoscale DNA films and the resultant bending deflections of microcantilever biosensors. First, a modified inverse Debye length is introduced to improve the classical Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrical potential of DNA films to consider the inhomogeneous effect of hydrogen ions. Second, the graded characteristics of the particle distribution are taken into consideration for an improvement in Parsegian's mesoscopic potential for both attraction-dominated and repulsion-dominated films. Third, by the improved interchain interaction potential and the thought experiment about the compression of a macroscopic continuum DNA bar, we investigate the diversity of the elastic properties of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) films due to pH variations. The relevant theoretical predictions quantitatively or qualitatively agree well with the relevant DNA experiments on the electrical potential, film thickness, condensation force, elastic modulus, and microcantilever deflections. The competition between attraction and repulsion among the fixed charges and the free ions endows the DNA film with mechanical properties such as a remarkable size effect and a non-monotonic behavior, and a negative elastic modulus is first revealed in the attraction-dominated ssDNA film. There exists a transition between the pH-sensitive parameter interval and the pH-insensitive one for the bending signals of microcantilevers, which is predominated by the initial stress effect in the DNA film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Detection of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) using piezoresistive polymer microcantilevers functionalized by a dry method. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
18
|
Huang W, Whittaker K, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhu SW, Huang RP. Integration of Antibody Array Technology into Drug Discovery and Development. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:74-95. [PMID: 29394094 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian Wu
- The Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- Raybiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China
- RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia
- South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mathew R, Ravi Sankar A. A Review on Surface Stress-Based Miniaturized Piezoresistive SU-8 Polymeric Cantilever Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:35. [PMID: 30393684 PMCID: PMC6199092 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) SU-8 polymeric cantilevers with piezoresistive readout combined with the advances in molecular recognition techniques have found versatile applications, especially in the field of chemical and biological sensing. Compared to conventional solid-state semiconductor-based piezoresistive cantilever sensors, SU-8 polymeric cantilevers have advantages in terms of better sensitivity along with reduced material and fabrication cost. In recent times, numerous researchers have investigated their potential as a sensing platform due to high performance-to-cost ratio of SU-8 polymer-based cantilever sensors. In this article, we critically review the design, fabrication, and performance aspects of surface stress-based piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric cantilever sensors. The evolution of surface stress-based piezoresistive cantilever sensors from solid-state semiconductor materials to polymers, especially SU-8 polymer, is discussed in detail. Theoretical principles of surface stress generation and their application in cantilever sensing technology are also devised. Variants of SU-8 polymeric cantilevers with different composition of materials in cantilever stacks are explained. Furthermore, the interdependence of the material selection, geometrical design parameters, and fabrication process of piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric cantilever sensors and their cumulative impact on the sensor response are also explained in detail. In addition to the design-, fabrication-, and performance-related factors, this article also describes various challenges in engineering SU-8 polymeric cantilevers as a universal sensing platform such as temperature and moisture vulnerability. This review article would serve as a guideline for researchers to understand specifics and functionality of surface stress-based piezoresistive SU-8 cantilever sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ribu Mathew
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Chennai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127 India
| | - A. Ravi Sankar
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Chennai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127 India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Domínguez CM, Ramos D, Mingorance J, Fierro JLG, Tamayo J, Calleja M. Direct Detection of OXA-48 Carbapenemase Gene in Lysate Samples through Changes in Mechanical Properties of DNA Monolayers upon Hybridization. Anal Chem 2018; 90:968-973. [PMID: 29186953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have recently become an important cause of morbidity and mortality due to healthcare-associated infections. Most commonly used diagnostic methods are incompatible with fast and accurate directed therapy. We report here the direct identification of the blaOXA48 gene, which codes for the carbapenemase OXA-48, in lysate samples from Klebsiella pneumoniae. The method is PCR-free and label-free. It is based on the measurement of changes in the stiffness of DNA self-assembled monolayers anchored to microcantilevers that occur as a consequence of the hybridization. The stiffness of the DNA layer is measured through changes of the sensor resonance frequency upon hybridization and at varying relative humidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Domínguez
- IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC) , Isaac Newton 8, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid E-28760, Spain
| | - Daniel Ramos
- IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC) , Isaac Newton 8, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid E-28760, Spain
| | - Jesús Mingorance
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz , IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, Madrid, E-28046, Spain
| | - José L G Fierro
- ICP-Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC) , Marie Curie, 2 Cantoblanco, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Javier Tamayo
- IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC) , Isaac Newton 8, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid E-28760, Spain
| | - Montserrat Calleja
- IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC) , Isaac Newton 8, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid E-28760, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nano-Integrated Suspended Polymeric Microfluidics (SPMF) Platform for Ultra-Sensitive Bio-Molecular Recognition of Bovine Growth Hormones. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10969. [PMID: 28887532 PMCID: PMC5591301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sensitive platforms for the detection of biomolecules recognition is an extremely important problem in clinical diagnostics. In microcantilever (MC) transducers, surface-stress is induced upon bimolecular interaction which is translated into MC deflection. This paper presents a cost-effective and ultra-sensitive MC-based biosensing platform. To address these goals, the need for costly high-resolution read-out system has been eliminated by reducing the cantilever compliance through developing a polymer-based cantilever. Furthermore a microfluidic system has been integrated with the MC in order to enhance sensitivity and response time and to reduce analytes consumption. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are synthesized on the surface of suspended microfluidics as the selective layer for biomolecule immobilization. The biosensing results show significant improvement in the sensitivity of the proposed platform compared with available silicon MC biosensor. A detection limit of 2 ng/ml (100pM) is obtained for the detection of bovine growth hormones. The results validated successful application of suspended polymeric microfluidics (SPMF) as the next generation of biosensing platforms which could enable femtomolar (fM) biomolecular recognition detection.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim Y, Kim W, Park JW. Principles and Applications of Force Spectroscopy Using Atomic Force Microscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Joon Won Park
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang NH, Wu JZ, Meng WL, Tan ZQ. Effect of surface charge state on the surface stress of a microcantilever. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:144001. [PMID: 26916422 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/14/144001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge state at a liquid-solid interface is important to the variations in the physical/chemical properties of adsorbate film such as surface stress and the ensuing tip deflection of the microcantilever. The well-known Stoney's equation, derived more than 100 years ago, conceals the film electrical properties with the replacement of substrate deformation induced by adsorptions of particles. This implicit expression provides a shortcut to circumvent the difficulty in identifying some film properties, however, it limits the capacity to ascertain the relation between surface stress variation and the surface charge state. In this paper, we present an analytical expression to quantify the cantilever deflection/surface stress and the film potential difference by combining the piezoelectric theory and Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electrolyte solution. This updated version indicates that the two linear correlations between surface stress and surface charge density or the bias voltage are not contradictory, but two aspects of one thing under different conditions. Based on Parsegian's mesoscopic interaction potential, a multiscale prediction for the piezoelectric coefficient of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) film is done, and the results show that the distinctive size effect with variations in salt concentration and nucleotide number provides us with an opportunity to obtain a more sensitive potential-actuated microcantilever sensor by careful control of packing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China. Department of Mechanics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guan Y, Shan X, Zhang F, Wang S, Chen HY, Tao N. Kinetics of small molecule interactions with membrane proteins in single cells measured with mechanical amplification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500633. [PMID: 26601298 PMCID: PMC4646812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Measuring small molecule interactions with membrane proteins in single cells is critical for understanding many cellular processes and for screening drugs. However, developing such a capability has been a difficult challenge. We show that molecular interactions with membrane proteins induce a mechanical deformation in the cellular membrane, and real-time monitoring of the deformation with subnanometer resolution allows quantitative analysis of small molecule-membrane protein interaction kinetics in single cells. This new strategy provides mechanical amplification of small binding signals, making it possible to detect small molecule interactions with membrane proteins. This capability, together with spatial resolution, also allows the study of the heterogeneous nature of cells by analyzing the interaction kinetics variability between different cells and between different regions of a single cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guan
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Fenni Zhang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (N.T.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (N.T.); (H.-Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Biosensors: Microcantilevers to lift biomolecules. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:830-831. [PMID: 26280406 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and the NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and the NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crowding-induced cooperativity in DNA surface hybridization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9217. [PMID: 25875056 PMCID: PMC5381746 DOI: 10.1038/srep09217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High density DNA brush is not only used to model cellular crowding, but also has a wide application in DNA-functionalized materials. Experiments have shown complicated cooperative hybridization/melting phenomena in these systems, raising the question that how molecular crowding influences DNA hybridization. In this work, a theoretical modeling including all possible inter and intramolecular interactions, as well as molecular details for different species, is proposed. We find that molecular crowding can lead to two distinct cooperative behaviours: negatively cooperative hybridization marked by a broader transition width, and positively cooperative hybridization with a sharper transition, well reconciling the experimental findings. Moreover, a phase transition as a result of positive cooperativity is also found. Our study provides new insights in crowding and compartmentation in cell, and has the potential value in controlling surface morphologies of DNA functionalized nano-particles.
Collapse
|
28
|
Azmi S, Jiang K, Stiles M, Thundat T, Kaur K. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes with short peptide fragments from class IIa bacteriocins as recognition elements. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:156-63. [PMID: 25548942 DOI: 10.1021/co500079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We employed a direct peptide-bacteria binding assay to screen peptide fragments for high and specific binding to Listeria monocytogenes. Peptides were screened from a peptide array library synthesized on cellulose membrane. Twenty four peptide fragments (each a 14-mer) were derived from three potent anti-listerial peptides, Leucocin A, Pediocin PA1, and Curvacin A, that belong to class IIa bacteriocins. Fragment Leu10 (GEAFSAGVHRLANG), derived from the C-terminal region of Leucocin A, displayed the highest binding among all of the library fragments toward several pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, including L. monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The specific binding of Leu10 to L. monocytogenes was further validated using microcantilever (MCL) experiments. Microcantilevers coated with gold were functionalized with peptides by chemical conjugation using a cysteamine linker to yield a peptide density of ∼4.8×10(-3) μmol/cm2 for different peptide fragments. Leu10 (14-mer) functionalized MCL was able to detect Listeria with same sensitivity as that of Leucocin A (37-mer) functionalized MCL, validating the use of short peptide fragments in bacterial detection platforms. Fragment Leu10 folded into a helical conformation in solution, like that of native Leucocin A, suggesting that both Leu10 and Leucocin A may employ a similar mechanism for binding target bacteria. The results show that peptide-conjugated microcantilevers can function as highly sensitive platforms for Listeria detection and hold potential to be developed as biosensors for pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarfuddin Azmi
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Keren Jiang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Thundat
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Chapman
University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health
Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618-1908, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Influence of disordered packing pattern on elastic modulus of single-stranded DNA film on substrate. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 14:1157-65. [PMID: 25749909 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Determining mechanical properties of single-stranded DNA film grafted on gold surface is critical for analysis and design of DNA-microcantilever biosensors. However, it remains an open issue to quantify the relations among the disordered packing patterns of DNA chains, the mechanical properties of DNA film and the resultant biodetection signals. In this paper, first, the bending experiment of microcantilever is carried out to provide the basic data for a refined multi-scale model of microcantilever deflection induced by ssDNA immobilization. In the model, the complicated interactions in DNA film (consisting of DNA, water molecules and salt ions) are simplified as effective interactions among coarse-grained soft cylinders, which can reveal the varieties of DNA structure in the circumstances of different lengths and salt concentrations; Ohshima's distribution of net charge density is employed to incorporate compositional variations of salt ions along the thickness direction into the Strey's mesoscopic empirical potential on molecular interactions in DNA solutions, and the related model parameters for ssDNA film on substrate are obtained from the curve fitting with our microcantilever bending experiment. Second, the effect of nanoscopic distribution of DNA chains on elastic modulus of ssDNA film is studied by a thought experiment of uniaxial compression, and the disordered patterns of DNA chains are generated by Monte Carlo method. Simulation results point out that nanoscale ssDNA film shows size effect, gradient and diversity in elastic modulus and can achieve maximum stiffness by preferring a disordered and energetically favorable packing pattern collectively induced by electrostatic force, hydration force and configurational entropy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Domínguez CM, Kosaka PM, Sotillo A, Mingorance J, Tamayo J, Calleja M. Label-Free DNA-Based Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance through Hydration Induced Stress in Microcantilevers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1494-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Domínguez
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Priscila M. Kosaka
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Sotillo
- Servicio
de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana,
261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mingorance
- Servicio
de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana,
261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Tamayo
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Calleja
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Giamblanco N, Conoci S, Russo D, Marletta G. Single-step label-free hepatitis B virus detection by a piezoelectric biosensor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probe densityvs.genome recognition selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Giamblanco
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN)
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania and CSGI
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN)
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania and CSGI
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khemthongcharoen N, Wonglumsom W, Suppat A, Jaruwongrungsee K, Tuantranont A, Promptmas C. Piezoresistive microcantilever-based DNA sensor for sensitive detection of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in food sample. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 63:347-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Yao CY, Fu WL. Biosensors for hepatitis B virus detection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12485-12492. [PMID: 25253948 PMCID: PMC4168081 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i35.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosensor is an analytical device used for the detection of analytes, which combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. Recently, an increasing number of biosensors have been used in clinical research, for example, the blood glucose biosensor. This review focuses on the current state of biosensor research with respect to efficient, specific and rapid detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The biosensors developed based on different techniques, including optical methods (e.g., surface plasmon resonance), acoustic wave technologies (e.g., quartz crystal microbalance), electrochemistry (amperometry, voltammetry and impedance) and novel nanotechnology, are also discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Domínguez CM, Kosaka PM, Mokry G, Pini V, Malvar O, del Rey M, Ramos D, San Paulo A, Tamayo J, Calleja M. Hydration induced stress on DNA monolayers grafted on microcantilevers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10962-10969. [PMID: 25148575 DOI: 10.1021/la501865h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface tethered single-stranded DNA films are relevant biorecognition layers for oligonucleotide sequence identification. Also, hydration induced effects on these films have proven useful for the nanomechanical detection of DNA hybridization. Here, we apply nanomechanical sensors and atomic force microscopy to characterize in air and upon varying relative humidity conditions the swelling and deswelling of grafted single stranded and double stranded DNA films. The combination of these techniques validates a two-step hybridization process, where complementary strands first bind to the surface tethered single stranded DNA probes and then slowly proceed to a fully zipped configuration. Our results also demonstrate that, despite the slow hybridization kinetics observed for grafted DNA onto microcantilever surfaces, ex situ sequence identification does not require hybridization times typically longer than 1 h, while quantification is a major challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Domínguez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid, IMM-CNM (CSIC), 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang J, Segatori L, Biswal SL. Probing the association of triblock copolymers with supported lipid membranes using microcantilevers. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6417-6424. [PMID: 24978842 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pluronics are a class of amphiphilic triblock copolymers that are known to interact with cellular membranes in interesting ways. The solubility of these triblock copolymers in free lipid membranes can be altered with temperature, allowing the possibility of tuning their membrane insertion. However, for supported lipid membranes, the asymmetric local environment and the strong influence of the solid support can alter the solubility of these triblock copolymers in lipid membranes. Here, we probe the interactions of these copolymers with supported lipid membranes using microcantilevers and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements. We measure the solubility and interactions of triblock copolymers (F68 and F98) in supported lipid bilayers as a function of temperature and the length of the copolymer lipophilic block. A Langmuir isotherm model and a free mean area theory are applied to describe the polymer-lipid interactions at the microcantilever surface, determine association constants, and analyze the effect of triblock copolymers on lateral lipid diffusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shen J, Li Y, Gu H, Xia F, Zuo X. Recent development of sandwich assay based on the nanobiotechnologies for proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, and ions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7631-77. [PMID: 25115973 DOI: 10.1021/cr300248x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juwen Shen
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
First-principles surface stress calculations and multiscale deformation analysis of a self-assembled monolayer adsorbed on a micro-cantilever. SENSORS 2014; 14:7435-50. [PMID: 24763217 PMCID: PMC4029703 DOI: 10.3390/s140407435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Micro-cantilever sensors are widely used to detect biomolecules, chemical gases, and ionic species. However, the theoretical descriptions and predictive modeling of these devices are not well developed, and lag behind advances in fabrication and applications. In this paper, we present a novel multiscale simulation framework for nanomechanical sensors. This framework, combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and finite element method (FEM) analysis, is capable of analyzing molecular adsorption-induced deformation and stress fields in the sensors from the molecular scale to the device scale. Adsorption of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the Au(111) surface of the micro-cantilever sensor is studied in detail to demonstrate the applicability of this framework. DFT calculations are employed to investigate the molecular adsorption-induced surface stress upon the gold surface. The 3D shell elements with initial stresses obtained from the DFT calculations serve as SAM domains in the adsorption layer, while FEM is employed to analyze the deformation and stress of the sensor devices. We find that the micro-cantilever tip deflection has a linear relationship with the coverage of the SAM domains. With full coverage, the tip deflection decreases as the molecular chain length increases. The multiscale simulation framework provides a quantitative analysis of the displacement and stress fields, and can be used to predict the response of nanomechanical sensors subjected to complex molecular adsorption.
Collapse
|
38
|
Thakur G, Jiang K, Lee D, Prashanthi K, Kim S, Thundat T. Investigation of pH-induced protein conformation changes by nanomechanical deflection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2109-2116. [PMID: 24512545 DOI: 10.1021/la403981t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum biosensing technologies examine sensor signals using biomarkers, such as proteins, DNA, antibodies, specific cells, and macromolecules, based on direct- or indirect-conformational changes. Here, we have investigated the pH-dependent conformational isomerization of human serum albumin (HSA) using microcantilevers as a sensing platform. Native and denatured proteins were immobilized on cantilever surfaces to understand the effect of pH on conformational changes of the protein with respect to the coupling ligand. Our results show that protonation and deprotonation of amino acid residues on proteins play a significant role in generating charge-induced cantilever deflection. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was employed as a complementary technique to validate the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Thakur
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang F, Lu CH, Willner I. From cascaded catalytic nucleic acids to enzyme-DNA nanostructures: controlling reactivity, sensing, logic operations, and assembly of complex structures. Chem Rev 2014; 114:2881-941. [PMID: 24576227 DOI: 10.1021/cr400354z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Medalion S, Wagman M, Grosberg AY, Rabin Y. Network Formation by Cross-Hybridization of Complementary Strands to Grafted ssDNA. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:191-193. [PMID: 35590503 DOI: 10.1021/mz400622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
When a low density brush of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) targets end-grafted to a surface is immersed in a solution of complementary ssDNA probes, a regular brush of DNA duplexes is formed by 1:1 hybridization between probe and target DNA. We suggest that in higher density brushes of ssDNA this process competes with cross-hybridization of a target strand to several neighboring probe strands resulting in the formation of a cross-linked DNA network. We analyze a simple 2D model of a dense DNA brush and use analytic methods and computer simulations to find how the conditions for network formation depend on system size and DNA length. We argue that in 3D brushes cross-hybridization will nearly always lead to network formation and suggest that this may explain some intriguing results on dense DNA brushes. Experiments on DNA monolayers and concentrated DNA solutions that could test our predictions are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Medalion
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar−Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - M. Wagman
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar−Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - A. Y. Grosberg
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft
Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Y. Rabin
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar−Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang J, Liu KW, Segatori L, Biswal SL. Lipid Bilayer Phase Transformations Detected Using Microcantilevers. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:171-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4095112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kai-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Laura Segatori
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu S, Nan T, Xue C, Cheng T, Liu H, Wang B, Zhang Q, Wu X. Mechanism and enhancement of the surface stress caused by a small-molecule antigen and antibody binding. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 48:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Pirozzi KL, Long CJ, McAleer CW, Smith AST, Hickman JJ. Correlation of embryonic skeletal muscle myotube physical characteristics with contractile force generation on an atomic force microscope-based bio-microelectromechanical systems device. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2013; 103:83108. [PMID: 24046483 PMCID: PMC3765224 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous analysis of muscle function in in vitro systems is needed for both acute and chronic biomedical applications. Forces generated by skeletal myotubes on bio-microelectromechanical cantilevers were calculated using a modified version of Stoney's thin-film equation and finite element analysis (FEA), then analyzed for regression to physical parameters. The Stoney's equation results closely matched the more intensive FEA and the force correlated to cross-sectional area (CSA). Normalizing force to measured CSA significantly improved the statistical sensitivity and now allows for close comparison of in vitro data to in vivo measurements for applications in exercise physiology, robotics, and modeling neuromuscular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Pirozzi
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nagai Y, Carbajal JD, White JH, Sladek R, Grutter P, Lennox RB. An electrochemically controlled microcantilever biosensor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9951-9957. [PMID: 23841706 DOI: 10.1021/la400975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An oligonucleotide-based electrochemically controlled gold-coated microcantilever biosensor that can transduce specific biomolecular interactions is reported. The derivatized microcantilever exhibits characteristic surface stress time course patterns in response to an externally applied periodic square wave potential. Experiments demonstrate that control of the surface charge density with an electrode potential is essential to producing a sensor that exhibits large, reproducible surface stress changes. The time course of surface stress changes are proposed to be linked to an electrochemically mediated competition between the adsorption of solution-based ions and the single- or double-stranded oligonucleotides tethered to the gold surface. A similar potential-actuated change in surface stress also results from the interaction between an oligonucleotide aptamer and its cognate ligand, demonstrating the broad applicability of this methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nagai
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 2155 Guy Street, Montréal, Québec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cherstvy A. Detection of DNA hybridization by field-effect DNA-based biosensors: mechanisms of signal generation and open questions. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 46:162-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
46
|
Yen YK, Lai YC, Hong WT, Pheanpanitporn Y, Chen CS, Huang LS. Electrical detection of C-reactive protein using a single free-standing, thermally controlled piezoresistive microcantilever for highly reproducible and accurate measurements. SENSORS 2013; 13:9653-68. [PMID: 23899933 PMCID: PMC3812573 DOI: 10.3390/s130809653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a novel method for electrical detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a means of identifying an infection in the body, or as a cardiovascular disease risk assay. The method uses a single free-standing, thermally controlled piezoresistive microcantilever biosensor. In a commonly used sensing arrangement of conventional dual cantilevers in the Wheatstone bridge circuit, reference and gold-coated sensing cantilevers that inherently have heterogeneous surface materials and different multilayer structures may yield independent responses to the liquid environmental changes of chemical substances, flow field and temperature, leading to unwanted signal disturbance for biosensing targets. In this study, the single free-standing microcantilever for biosensing applications is employed to resolve the dual-beam problem of individual responses in chemical solutions and, in a thermally controlled system, to maintain its sensor performance due to the sensitive temperature effect. With this type of single temperature-controlled microcantilever sensor, the electrical detection of various CRP concentrations from 1 µg/mL to 200 µg/mL was performed, which covers the clinically relevant range. Induced surface stresses were measured at between 0.25 N/m and 3.4 N/m with high reproducibility. Moreover, the binding affinity (KD) of CRP and anti-CRP interaction was found to be 18.83 ± 2.99 µg/mL, which agreed with results in previous reported studies. This biosensing technique thus proves valuable in detecting inflammation, and in cardiovascular disease risk assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kuang Yen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-T.H.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Lai
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-T.H.); (Y.P.)
| | - Wei-Ting Hong
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-T.H.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yotsapoom Pheanpanitporn
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-T.H.); (Y.P.)
| | - Chuin-Shan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Long-Sun Huang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-T.H.); (Y.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-3366-5653; Fax: +886-2-2363-9290
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sang S, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Li P, Hu J, Li G. Surface stress-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:124-35. [PMID: 23948243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface stress-based biosensors, as one kind of label-free biosensors, have attracted lots of attention in the process of information gathering and measurement for the biological, chemical and medical application with the development of technology and society. This kind of biosensors offers many advantages such as short response time (less than milliseconds) and a typical sensitivity at nanogram, picoliter, femtojoule and attomolar level. Furthermore, it simplifies sample preparation and testing procedures. In this work, progress made towards the use of surface stress-based biosensors for achieving better performance is critically reviewed, including our recent achievement, the optimally circular membrane-based biosensors and biosensor array. The further scientific and technological challenges in this field are also summarized. Critical remark and future steps towards the ultimate surface stress-based biosensors are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Sang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Label-free detection of single-stranded DNA binding protein based on a cantilever array. Talanta 2013; 109:173-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
49
|
Zhang NH, Meng WL, Tan ZQ. A multi-scale model for the analysis of the inhomogeneity of elastic properties of DNA biofilm on microcantilevers. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1833-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Nanomechanical sensors: Bent on detecting cancer. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:77-78. [PMID: 23380929 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|