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Prasanth MI, Sivamaruthi BS, Cheong CSY, Verma K, Tencomnao T, Brimson JM, Prasansuklab A. Role of Epigenetic Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Phytochemical Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:606. [PMID: 38790711 PMCID: PMC11118909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that alterations in the gene expression did not always originate from changes in the genetic sequence, which has led to understanding the role of epigenetics in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Epigenetic alterations contribute to the aberrant expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. Natural phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against NDDs because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models. For instance, resveratrol (grapes), curcumin (turmeric), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea) exhibit neuroprotective effects through their influence on DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression profiles. Phytochemicals also aid in slowing disease progression, preserving neuronal function, and enhancing cognitive and motor abilities. The present review focuses on various epigenetic modifications involved in the pathology of NDDs, including AD and PD, gene expression regulation related to epigenetic alterations, and the role of specific polyphenols in influencing epigenetic modifications in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Clerance Su Yee Cheong
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanika Verma
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - James Michael Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Research, Innovation and International Affairs, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Amaral O, Martins M, Oliveira AR, Duarte AJ, Mondragão-Rodrigues I, Macedo MF. The Biology of Lysosomes: From Order to Disorder. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010213. [PMID: 36672721 PMCID: PMC9856021 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1955, the understanding of the lysosome has continuously increased. Once considered a mere waste removal system, the lysosome is now recognised as a highly crucial cellular component for signalling and energy metabolism. This notable evolution raises the need for a summarized review of the lysosome's biology. As such, throughout this article, we will be compiling the current knowledge regarding the lysosome's biogenesis and functions. The comprehension of this organelle's inner mechanisms is crucial to perceive how its impairment can give rise to lysosomal disease (LD). In this review, we highlight some examples of LD fine-tuned mechanisms that are already established, as well as others, which are still under investigation. Even though the understanding of the lysosome and its pathologies has expanded through the years, some of its intrinsic molecular aspects remain unknown. In order to illustrate the complexity of the lysosomal diseases we provide a few examples that have challenged the established single gene-single genetic disorder model. As such, we believe there is a strong need for further investigation of the exact abnormalities in the pathological pathways in lysosomal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Amaral
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA, ICETA), Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Martins
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Crasto, Edifício 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Crasto, Edifício 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Joana Duarte
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA, ICETA), Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Mondragão-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Crasto, Edifício 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CAGE, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima Macedo
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Crasto, Edifício 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CAGE, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Tran ML, Tüshaus J, Kim Y, Ramazanov BR, Devireddy S, Lichtenthaler SF, Ferguson SM, von Blume J. Cab45 deficiency leads to the mistargeting of progranulin and prosaposin and aberrant lysosomal positioning. Traffic 2023; 24:4-19. [PMID: 36398980 PMCID: PMC9825660 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The trans-Golgi Network (TGN) sorts molecular "addresses" and sends newly synthesized proteins to their destination via vesicular transport carriers. Despite the functional significance of packaging processes at the TGN, the sorting of soluble proteins remains poorly understood. Recent research has shown that the Golgi resident protein Cab45 is a significant regulator of secretory cargo sorting at the TGN. Cab45 oligomerizes upon transient Ca2+ influx, recruits soluble cargo molecules (clients), and packs them in sphingomyelin-rich transport carriers. However, the identity of client molecules packed into Cab45 vesicles is scarce. Therefore, we used a precise and highly efficient secretome analysis technology called hiSPECs. Intriguingly, we observed that Cab45 deficient cells manifest hypersecretion of lysosomal hydrolases. Specifically, Cab45 deficient cells secrete the unprocessed precursors of prosaposin (PSAP) and progranulin (PGRN). In addition, lysosomes in these cells show an aberrant perinuclear accumulation suggesting a new role of Cab45 in lysosomal positioning. This work uncovers a yet unknown function of Cab45 in regulating lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ly Tran
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675
| | - Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bulat R. Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Swathi Devireddy
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Buser DP, Spang A. Protein sorting from endosomes to the TGN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1140605. [PMID: 36895788 PMCID: PMC9988951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network is essential for recycling of protein and lipid cargoes to counterbalance anterograde membrane traffic. Protein cargo subjected to retrograde traffic include lysosomal acid-hydrolase receptors, SNARE proteins, processing enzymes, nutrient transporters, a variety of other transmembrane proteins, and some extracellular non-host proteins such as viral, plant, and bacterial toxins. Efficient delivery of these protein cargo molecules depends on sorting machineries selectively recognizing and concentrating them for their directed retrograde transport from endosomal compartments. In this review, we outline the different retrograde transport pathways governed by various sorting machineries involved in endosome-to-TGN transport. In addition, we discuss how this transport route can be analyzed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Mächtel R, Boros FA, Dobert JP, Arnold P, Zunke F. From Lysosomal Storage Disorders to Parkinson's Disease - Challenges and Opportunities. J Mol Biol 2022:167932. [PMID: 36572237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are specialized organelles with an acidic pH that act as recycling hubs for intracellular and extracellular components. They harbour numerous different hydrolytic enzymes to degrade substrates like proteins, peptides, and glycolipids. Reduced catalytic activity of lysosomal enzymes can cause the accumulation of these substrates and loss of lysosomal integrity, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Post-mitotic cells, such as neurons, seem to be highly sensitive to damages induced by lysosomal dysfunction, thus LSDs often manifest with neurological symptoms. Interestingly, some LSDs and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common cellular pathomechanisms, suggesting convergence of aetiology of the two disease types. This is further underlined by genetic associations of several lysosomal genes involved in LSDs with PD. The increasing number of lysosome-associated genetic risk factors for PD makes it necessary to understand functions and interactions of lysosomal proteins/enzymes both in health and disease, thereby holding the potential to identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight genetic and mechanistic interactions between the complex lysosomal network, LSDs and PD, and elaborate on methodical challenges in lysosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mächtel
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Philipp Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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Anes E, Pires D, Mandal M, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Spatial localization of cathepsins: Implications in immune activation and resolution during infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955407. [PMID: 35990632 PMCID: PMC9382241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins were first described, as endolysosomal proteolytic enzymes in reference to the organelles where they degrade the bulk of endogenous and exogenous substrates in a slightly acidic environment. These substrates include pathogens internalized via endocytosis and/or marked for destruction by autophagy. However, the role of cathepsins during infection far exceeds that of direct digestion of the pathogen. Cathepsins have been extensively investigated in the context of tumour associated immune cells and chronic inflammation. Several cathepsin-dependent immune responses develop in the endocytic pathway while others take place in the cytosol, the nucleus, or in the extracellular space. In this review we highlight the spatial localization of cathepsins and their implications in immune activation and resolution pathways during infection.
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7
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Cheung R, Pizza G, Chabosseau P, Rolando D, Tomas A, Burgoyne T, Wu Z, Salowka A, Thapa A, Macklin A, Cao Y, Nguyen-Tu MS, Dickerson MT, Jacobson DA, Marchetti P, Shapiro J, Piemonti L, de Koning E, Leclerc I, Bouzakri K, Sakamoto K, Smith DM, Rutter GA, Martinez-Sanchez A. Glucose-Dependent miR-125b Is a Negative Regulator of β-Cell Function. Diabetes 2022; 71:1525-1545. [PMID: 35476777 PMCID: PMC9998846 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired pancreatic β-cell function and insulin secretion are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. miRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that silence gene expression vital for the development and function of β cells. We have previously shown that β cell-specific deletion of the important energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in increased miR-125b-5p levels. Nevertheless, the function of this miRNA in β cells is unclear. We hypothesized that miR-125b-5p expression is regulated by glucose and that this miRNA mediates some of the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia in β cells. Here, we show that islet miR-125b-5p expression is upregulated by glucose in an AMPK-dependent manner and that short-term miR-125b-5p overexpression impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in the mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells and in human islets. An unbiased, high-throughput screen in MIN6 cells identified multiple miR-125b-5p targets, including the transporter of lysosomal hydrolases M6pr and the mitochondrial fission regulator Mtfp1. Inactivation of miR-125b-5p in the human β-cell line EndoCβ-H1 shortened mitochondria and enhanced GSIS, whereas mice overexpressing miR-125b-5p selectively in β cells (MIR125B-Tg) were hyperglycemic and glucose intolerant. MIR125B-Tg β cells contained enlarged lysosomal structures and had reduced insulin content and secretion. Collectively, we identify miR-125b as a glucose-controlled regulator of organelle dynamics that modulates insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cheung
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Grazia Pizza
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Delphine Rolando
- Beta Cell Genome Regulation Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Anna Salowka
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Anusha Thapa
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Annabel Macklin
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Yufei Cao
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Matthew T. Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Eelco de Koning
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karim Bouzakri
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- CR-CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Corresponding author: Aida Martinez-Sanchez,
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8
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Paul F, Ng C, Mohamad Sahari UB, Nafissi S, Nilipoor Y, Tavasoli AR, Bonnard C, Wong PM, Nabavizadeh N, Altunoğlu U, Estiar MA, Majoie CB, Lee H, Nelson SF, Gan-Or Z, Rouleau GA, Van Veldhoven PP, Massie R, Hennekam RC, Kariminejad A, Reversade B. RABENOSYN separation-of-function mutations uncouple endosomal recycling from lysosomal degradation, causing a distinct Mendelian Disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3729-3740. [PMID: 35652444 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabenosyn (RBSN) is a conserved endosomal protein necessary for regulating internalized cargo. Here, we present clinical, genetic, cellular and biochemical evidence that two distinct RBSN missense variants are responsible for a novel Mendelian disorder consisting of progressive muscle weakness, facial dysmorphisms, ophthalmoplegia and intellectual disability. Using exome sequencing, we identified recessively-acting germline alleles p.Arg180Gly and p.Gly183Arg which are both situated in the FYVE domain of RBSN. We find that these variants abrogate binding to its cognate substrate PI3P and thus prevent its translocation to early endosomes. Although the endosomal recycling pathway was unaltered, mutant p.Gly183Arg patient fibroblasts exhibit accumulation of cargo tagged for lysosomal degradation. Our results suggest that these variants are separation-of-function alleles, which cause a delay in endosomal maturation without affecting cargo recycling. We conclude that distinct germline mutations in RBSN cause non-overlapping phenotypes with specific and discrete endolysosomal cellular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Paul
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Calista Ng
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Umar Bin Mohamad Sahari
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Nilipoor
- Pediatric Pathology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Model Development, A*STAR Skin Research Labs (ASRL), Singapore
| | - Pui-Mun Wong
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Nasrinsadat Nabavizadeh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehrdad A Estiar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles B Majoie
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hane Lee
- 3billion Inc., Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rami Massie
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Cui L, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Yang L, Zhang J, Jiang X, Jia J, Lv Y, Zhang D, Huang Y. Impaired Retrograde Transport Due to Lack of TBC1D5 Contributes to the Trafficking Defect of Lysosomal Cathepsins in Ischemic/Hypoxic Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:796254. [PMID: 35004909 PMCID: PMC8736705 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.796254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction has been found in many pathological conditions, and methods to improve lysosomal function have been reported to be protective against infarcted hearts. However, the mechanisms underlying lysosomal dysfunction caused by ischemic injury are far less well-established. The retromer complex is implicated in the trafficking of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR), which is an important protein tag for the proper transport of lysosomal contents and therefore is important for the maintenance of lysosomal function. In this study, we found that the function of retrograde transport in cardiomyocytes was impaired with ischemia/hypoxia (I/H) treatment, which resulted in a decrease in CI-MPR and an abnormal distribution of lysosomal cathepsins. I/H treatment caused a reduction in TBC1D5 and a blockade of the Rab7 membrane cycle, which impeded retromer binding to microtubules and motor proteins, resulting in an impairment of retrograde transport and a decrease in CI-MPR. We also established that TBC1D5 was an important regulator of the distribution of lysosomal cathepsins. Our findings shed light on the regulatory role of retromer in ischemic injury and uncover the regulatory mechanism of TBC1D5 over retromer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Institute of Wound Repair, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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10
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Cotman SL, Lefrancois S. CLN3, at the crossroads of endocytic trafficking. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136117. [PMID: 34274435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CLN3 gene was identified over two decades ago, but the primary function of the CLN3 protein remains unknown. Recessive inheritance of loss of function mutations in CLN3 are responsible for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease, or CLN3 disease), a fatal childhood onset neurodegenerative disease causing vision loss, seizures, progressive dementia, motor function loss and premature death. CLN3 is a multipass transmembrane protein that primarily localizes to endosomes and lysosomes. Defects in endocytosis, autophagy, and lysosomal function are common findings in CLN3-deficiency model systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects have not yet been fully elucidated. In this mini-review, we will summarize the current understanding of the CLN3 protein interaction network and discuss how this knowledge is starting to delineate the molecular pathogenesis of CLN3 disease. Accumulating evidence strongly points towards CLN3 playing a role in regulation of the cytoskeleton and cytoskeletal associated proteins to tether cellular membranes, regulation of membrane complexes such as channels/transporters, and modulating the function of small GTPases to effectively mediate vesicular movement and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mass General Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Stéphane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada.
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11
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Evaluation of artificial signal peptides for secretion of two lysosomal enzymes in CHO cells. Biochem J 2021; 478:2309-2319. [PMID: 34032266 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a scientifically rational and clinically proven treatment for lysosomal storage diseases. Most enzymes used for ERT are purified from the culture supernatant of mammalian cells. However, it is challenging to purify lysosomal enzymes with sufficient quality and quantity for clinical use due to their low secretion levels in mammalian cell systems. To improve the secretion efficiency of recombinant lysosomal enzymes, we evaluated the impact of artificial signal peptides on the production of recombinant lysosomal enzymes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. We engineered two recombinant human lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-α-glucosaminidase (rhNAGLU) and glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (rhGNS), by replacing their native signal peptides with nine different signal peptides derived from highly secretory proteins and expressed them in CHO K1 cells. When comparing the native signal peptides, we found that rhGNS was secreted into media at higher levels than rhNAGLU. The secretion of rhNAGLU and rhGNS can, however, be carefully controlled by altering signal peptides. The secretion of rhNAGLU was relatively higher with murine Igκ light chain and human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptides, whereas Igκ light chain signal peptide 1 and human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptides were more effective for rhGNS secretion, suggesting that human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptide is the most appropriate for increasing lysosomal enzyme secretion. Collectively, our results indicate that altering signal peptide can modulate the secretion of recombinant lysosome enzymes and will enable lysosomal enzyme production for clinical use.
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12
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Liu J, Qi Y, Chao J, Sathuvalli P, Y Lee L, Li S. CREG1 promotes lysosomal biogenesis and function. Autophagy 2021; 17:4249-4265. [PMID: 33966596 PMCID: PMC8726608 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1909997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CREG1 is a small glycoprotein which has been proposed as a transcription repressor, a secretory ligand, a lysosomal, or a mitochondrial protein. This is largely because of lack of antibodies for immunolocalization validated through gain- and loss-of-function studies. In the present study, we demonstrate, using antibodies validated for immunofluorescence microscopy, that CREG1 is mainly localized to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses reveal an important role for CREG1 in both macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. CREG1 also promotes acidification of the endosomal-lysosomal compartment and increases lysosomal biogenesis. Functionally, overexpression of CREG1 enhances macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosome-mediated degradation, whereas knockdown or knockout of CREG1 has opposite effects. The function of CREG1 in lysosomal biogenesis is likely attributable to enhanced endocytic trafficking. Our results demonstrate that CREG1 is an endosomal-lysosomal protein implicated in endocytic trafficking and lysosomal biogenesis.Abbreviations: AIFM1/AIF: apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1; AO: acridine orange; ATP6V1H: ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit H; CALR: calreticulin; CREG: cellular repressor of E1A stimulated genes; CTSC: cathepsin C; CTSD: cathepsin D; EBAG9/RCAS1: estrogen receptor binding site associated antigen 9; EIPA: 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HEXA: hexosaminidase subunit alpha; IGF2R: insulin like growth factor 2 receptor; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; M6PR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PDIA2: protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TF: transferrin; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yanmei Qi
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua Chao
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Pranav Sathuvalli
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Leonard Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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13
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Doray B, Liu L, Lee WS, Jennings BC, Kornfeld S. Inactivation of the three GGA genes in HeLa cells partially compromises lysosomal enzyme sorting. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:367-374. [PMID: 33206455 PMCID: PMC7876502 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi-localized, gamma-ear containing, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding proteins (GGAs 1, 2, and 3) are multidomain proteins that bind mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) at the Golgi and play a role, along with adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1), in the sorting of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolases to the endolysosomal system. However, the relative importance of the two types of coat proteins in this process is still unclear. Here, we report that inactivation of all three GGA genes in HeLa cells decreased the sorting efficiency of cathepsin D from 97% to 73% relative to wild-type, with marked redistribution of the cation-independent MPR from peripheral punctae to the trans-Golgi network. In comparison, GNPTAB-/- HeLa cells with complete inactivation of the mannose 6-phosphate pathway sorted only 20% of the cathepsin D. We conclude that the residual sorting of cathepsin D in the GGA triple-knockout cells is mediated by AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Doray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wang-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin C Jennings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart Kornfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Kaminski D, Yaghootfam C, Matthes F, Reßing A, Gieselmann V, Matzner U. Brain cell type-specific endocytosis of arylsulfatase A identifies limitations of enzyme-based therapies for metachromatic leukodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3807-3817. [PMID: 33367737 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapies, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and gene therapies are treatment options for lysosomal storage diseases caused by inherited deficiencies of soluble lysosomal enzymes. Independent from the approach, the enzyme must be delivered to lysosomes of deficient patient cells. Little is known about the dissemination of enzyme within a tissue where cells compete for uptake via different receptor systems, binding affinities and endocytic rates. To evaluate dissemination and lysosomal targeting of a lysosomal enzyme in the CNS, we analysed receptor-mediated endocytosis of arylsulfatase A (ASA) by different types of brain-derived cell lines and primary murine brain cells. For ASA expressed by chinese hamster ovary cells for enzyme replacement therapy of metachromatic leukodystrophy, endocytic rates decline from microglia to neurons and astrocytes and to oligodendrocytes. Only immature oligodendrocytes endocytose significant amounts of enzyme. Uptake by non-microglial cells is due to mannose 6-phosphate receptors, whereas several receptor systems participate in endocytosis by microglial cells. Interestingly, ASA expressed by microglial cells cannot be taken up in a mannose 6-phosphate dependent manner. The resulting failure to correct non-microglial cells corroborates in vivo data and indicates that therapeutic effects of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy on metachromatic leukodystrophy are independent of metabolic cross-correction of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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15
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Sachdeva K, Sundaramurthy V. The Interplay of Host Lysosomes and Intracellular Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:595502. [PMID: 33330138 PMCID: PMC7714789 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.595502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are an integral part of the intracellular defense system against microbes. Lysosomal homeostasis in the host is adaptable and responds to conditions such as infection or nutritional deprivation. Pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Salmonella avoid lysosomal targeting by actively manipulating the host vesicular trafficking and reside in a vacuole altered from the default lysosomal trafficking. In this review, the mechanisms by which the respective pathogen containing vacuoles (PCVs) intersect with lysosomal trafficking pathways and maintain their distinctness are discussed. Despite such active inhibition of lysosomal targeting, emerging literature shows that different pathogens or pathogen derived products exhibit a global influence on the host lysosomal system. Pathogen mediated lysosomal enrichment promotes the trafficking of a sub-set of pathogens to lysosomes, indicating heterogeneity in the host-pathogen encounter. This review integrates recent advancements on the global lysosomal alterations upon infections and the host protective role of the lysosomes against these pathogens. The review also briefly discusses the heterogeneity in the lysosomal targeting of these pathogens and the possible mechanisms and consequences.
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16
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Lamberti G, De Smet CH, Angelova M, Kremser L, Taub N, Herrmann C, Hess MW, Rainer J, Tancevski I, Schweigreiter R, Kofler R, Schmiedinger T, Vietor I, Trajanoski Z, Ejsing CS, Lindner HH, Huber LA, Stasyk T. LAMTOR/Ragulator regulates lipid metabolism in macrophages and foam cell differentiation. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:31-42. [PMID: 31423582 PMCID: PMC7003824 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator (LAMTOR/Ragulator) is a scaffold protein complex that anchors and regulates multiprotein signaling units on late endosomes/lysosomes. To identify LAMTOR‐modulated endolysosomal proteins, primary macrophages were derived from bone marrow of conditional knockout mice carrying a specific deletion of LAMTOR2 in the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. Affymetrix‐based transcriptomic analysis and quantitative iTRAQ‐based organelle proteomic analysis of endosomes derived from macrophages were performed. Further analyses showed that LAMTOR could be a novel regulator of foam cell differentiation. The lipid droplet formation phenotype observed in macrophages was additionally confirmed in MEFs, where lipidomic analysis identified cholesterol esters as specifically downregulated in LAMTOR2 knockout cells. The data obtained indicate a function of LAMTOR2 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Lamberti
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cedric H De Smet
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Taub
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Herrmann
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Reinhard Kofler
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmiedinger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Terra WR, Dias RO, Oliveira PL, Ferreira C, Venancio TM. Transcriptomic analyses uncover emerging roles of mucins, lysosome/secretory addressing and detoxification pathways in insect midguts. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:34-40. [PMID: 30551823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of insect midgut features has been made possible by the recent availability of transcriptome datasets. These data uncovered the preferential expression of mucus-forming mucins at midgut regions that require protection (e.g. the acidic middle midgut of Musca domestica) or at sites of enzyme immobilization, particularly around the peritrophic membrane of Spodoptera frugiperda. Coleoptera lysosomal peptidases are directed to midgut lumen when over-expressed and targeted to lysosomes by a mechanism other than the mannose 6-phosphate-dependent pathway. We show that this second trend is likely conserved across Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Arthropoda. Furthermore, midgut transcriptomes of distantly related species reveal a general overexpression of xenobiotic detoxification pathways. In addition to attenuating toxicity of plant-derived compounds and insecticides, we also discuss a role for these detoxification pathways in regulating host-microbiota interactions by metabolizing bacterial secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Terra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Renata O Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clélia Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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18
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Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor Deficiency Enhances β-Cell Susceptibility to Palmitate. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00680-17. [PMID: 29378831 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00680-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitate attenuates insulin secretion and reduces the viability of insulin-producing cells. Previous studies identified the aberrant palmitoylation or mispalmitoylation of proteins as one mechanism by which palmitate causes β-cell damage. In this report, we identify a role for lysosomal protein degradation as a mechanism by which β cells defend themselves against excess palmitate. The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is responsible for the trafficking of mannose 6-phosphate-tagged proteins to lysosomes via Golgi sorting and from extracellular locations through endocytosis. RINm5F cells, which are highly sensitive to palmitate, lack CI-MPR. The reconstitution of CI-MPR expression attenuates the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the toxic effects of palmitate on RINm5F cell viability. INS832/13 cells express CI-MPR and are resistant to the palmitate-mediated loss of cell viability. The reduction of CI-MPR expression increases the sensitivity of INS832/13 cells to the toxic effects of palmitate treatment. The inhibition of lysosomal acid hydrolase activity by weak base treatment of islets under glucolipotoxic conditions causes islet degeneration that is prevented by the inhibition of protein palmitoylation. These findings indicate that defects in lysosomal function lead to the enhanced sensitivity of insulin-producing cells to palmitate and support a role for normal lysosomal function in the protection of β cells from excess palmitate.
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19
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Host Cell Proteases: Cathepsins. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123490 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes with a broad spectrum of substrates. They are known to reside within endo-lysosomes where they acquire optimal conditions for proteolytic activity and substrate cleavage. However, cathepsins have been detected in locations other than the canonical compartments of the endocytotic pathway. They are often secreted from cells in either proteolytically inactive proform or as mature and active enzyme; this may happen in both physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, cytosolic and nuclear forms of cathepsins have been described and are currently an emerging field of research aiming at understanding their functions in such unexpected cellular locations. This chapter summarizes the canonical pathways of biosynthesis and transport of cathepsins in healthy cells. We further describe how cathepsins can reach unexpected locations such as the extracellular space or the cytosol and the nuclear matrix. No matter where viruses and cathepsins encounter, several outcomes can be perceived. Thus, scenarios are discussed on how cathepsins may support virus entry into host cells, involve in viral fusion factor and polyprotein processing in different host cell compartments, or help in packaging of viral particles during maturation. It is of note to mention that this review is not meant to comprehensively cover the present literature on viruses encountering cathepsins but rather illustrates, on some representative examples, the possible roles of cathepsins in replication of viruses and in the course of disease.
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20
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Siupka P, Hersom MN, Lykke-Hartmann K, Johnsen KB, Thomsen LB, Andresen TL, Moos T, Abbott NJ, Brodin B, Nielsen MS. Bidirectional apical-basal traffic of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in brain endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2598-2613. [PMID: 28337939 PMCID: PMC5531359 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17700665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain capillary endothelium mediates the exchange of nutrients between blood and brain parenchyma. This barrier function of the brain capillaries also limits passage of pharmaceuticals from blood to brain, which hinders treatment of several neurological disorders. Receptor-mediated transport has been suggested as a potential pharmaceutical delivery route across the brain endothelium, e.g. reports have shown that the transferrin receptor (TfR) facilitates transcytosis of TfR antibodies, but it is not known whether this recycling receptor itself traffics from apical to basal membrane in the process. Here, we elucidate the endosomal trafficking of the retrograde transported cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) in primary cultures of brain endothelial cells (BECs) of porcine and bovine origin. Receptor expression and localisation of MPR300 in the endo-lysosomal system and trafficking of internalised receptor are analysed. We also demonstrate that MPR300 can undergo bidirectional apical-basal trafficking in primary BECs in co-culture with astrocytes. This is, to our knowledge, the first detailed study of retrograde transported receptor trafficking in BECs, and the study demonstrates that MPR300 can be transported from the luminal to abluminal membrane and reverse. Such trafficking of MPR300 suggests that retrograde transported receptors in general may provide a mechanism for transport of pharmaceuticals into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Siupka
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Ns Hersom
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper B Johnsen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,5 Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louiza B Thomsen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,5 Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - N Joan Abbott
- 6 Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Birger Brodin
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S Nielsen
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Wen H, Zhan L, Chen S, Long L, Xu E. Rab7 may be a novel therapeutic target for neurologic diseases as a key regulator in autophagy. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1993-2004. [PMID: 28186670 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China; Guangzhou China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China; Guangzhou China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China; Guangzhou China
| | - Long Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China; Guangzhou China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China; Guangzhou China
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22
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Vidoni C, Follo C, Savino M, Melone MAB, Isidoro C. The Role of Cathepsin D in the Pathogenesis of Human Neurodegenerative Disorders. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:845-70. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,”; Novara Italy
| | - Carlo Follo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,”; Novara Italy
| | - Miriam Savino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,”; Novara Italy
| | - Mariarosa A. B. Melone
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine and Surgery; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
- InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,”; Novara Italy
- InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
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23
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Schulze-Luehrmann J, Eckart RA, Ölke M, Saftig P, Liebler-Tenorio E, Lührmann A. LAMP proteins account for the maturation delay during the establishment of the Coxiella burnetii-containing vacuole. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:181-94. [PMID: 26249821 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii replicates in a large phagolysosomal-like vacuole. Currently, both host and bacterial factors required for creating this replicative parasitophorous C. burnetii-containing vacuole (PV) are poorly defined. Here, we assessed the contributions of the most abundant proteins of the lysosomal membrane, LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, to the establishment and maintenance of the PV. Whereas these proteins were not critical for uptake of C. burnetii, they influenced the intracellular replication of C. burnetii. In LAMP-1/2 double-deficient fibroblasts as well as in LAMP-1/2 knock-down cells, C. burnetii establishes a significantly smaller, yet faster maturing vacuole, which harboured more bacteria. The accelerated maturation of PVs in LAMP double-deficient fibroblasts, which was partially or fully reversed by ectopic expression of LAMP-1 or LAMP-2, respectively, was characterized by an increased fusion rate with endosomes, lysosomes and bead-containing phagosomes, but not by different fusion kinetics with autophagy vesicles. These findings establish that LAMP proteins are critical for the maturation delay of PVs. Unexpectedly, neither the creation of the spacious vacuole nor the delay in maturation was found to be prerequisites for the intracellular replication of C. burnetii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulze-Luehrmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Rita A Eckart
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Martha Ölke
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Anja Lührmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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24
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Boonen M, Staudt C, Gilis F, Oorschot V, Klumperman J, Jadot M. Cathepsin D and its newly identified transport receptor SEZ6L2 can modulate neurite outgrowth. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:557-68. [PMID: 26698217 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
How, in the absence of a functional mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P)-signal-dependent transport pathway, some acid hydrolases remain sorted to endolysosomes in the brain is poorly understood. We demonstrate that cathepsin D binds to mouse SEZ6L2, a type 1 transmembrane protein predominantly expressed in the brain. Studies of the subcellular trafficking of SEZ6L2, and its silencing in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line reveal that SEZ6L2 is involved in the trafficking of cathepsin D to endosomes. Moreover, SEZ6L2 can partially correct the cathepsin D hypersecretion resulting from the knockdown of UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase in HeLa cells (i.e. in cells that are unable to synthesize Man-6-P signals). Interestingly, cleavage of SEZ6L2 by cathepsin D generates an N-terminal soluble fragment that induces neurite outgrowth, whereas its membrane counterpart prevents this. Taken together, our findings highlight that SEZ6L2 can serve as receptor to mediate the sorting of cathepsin D to endosomes, and suggest that proteolytic cleavage of SEZ6L2 by cathepsin D modulates neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Boonen
- URPhyM-Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Catherine Staudt
- URPhyM-Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Florentine Gilis
- URPhyM-Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Jadot
- URPhyM-Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium
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25
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Loh SH, Park JY, Cho EH, Nah SY, Kang YS. Animal lectins: potential receptors for ginseng polysaccharides. J Ginseng Res 2015; 41:1-9. [PMID: 28123316 PMCID: PMC5223067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer, belonging to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae, is known for its human immune system-related effects, such as immune-boosting effects. Ginseng polysaccharides (GPs) are the responsible ingredient of ginseng in immunomodulation, and are classified as acidic and neutral GPs. Although GPs participate in various immune reactions including the stimulation of immune cells and production of cytokines, the precise function of GPs together with its potential receptor(s) and their signal transduction pathways have remained largely unknown. Animal lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar moieties. Among many different biological functions in vivo, animal lectins especially play important roles in the immune system by recognizing carbohydrates that are found exclusively on pathogens or that are inaccessible on host cells. This review summarizes the immunological activities of GPs and the diverse roles of animal lectins in the immune system, suggesting the possibility of animal lectins as the potential receptor candidates of GPs and giving insights into the development of GPs as therapeutic biomaterials for many immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Loh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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D'Alessio C, Dahms NM. Glucosidase II and MRH-domain containing proteins in the secretory pathway. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 16:31-48. [PMID: 25692846 DOI: 10.2174/1389203716666150213160438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of the transfer of a preassembled glycan conserved among species (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) from a lipid donor to a consensus sequence within a nascent protein that is entering the ER. The protein-linked glycans are then processed by glycosidases and glycosyltransferases in the ER producing specific structures that serve as signalling molecules for the fate of the folding glycoprotein: to stay in the ER during the folding process, to be retrotranslocated to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation if irreversibly misfolded, or to pursue transit through the secretory pathway as a mature glycoprotein. In the ER, each glycan signalling structure is recognized by a specific lectin. A domain similar to that of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) has been identified in several proteins of the secretory pathway. These include the beta subunit of glucosidase II (GII), a key enzyme in the early processing of the transferred glycan that removes middle and innermost glucoses and is involved in quality control of glycoprotein folding in the ER (QC), the lectins OS-9 and XTP3-B, proteins involved in the delivery of ER misfolded proteins to degradation (ERAD), the gamma subunit of the Golgi GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, an enzyme involved in generating the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) signal for sorting acidic hydrolases to lysosomes, and finally the MPRs that deliver those hydrolytic enzymes to the lysosome. Each of the MRH-containing proteins recognizes a different signalling N-glycan structure. Three-dimensional structures of some of the MRH domains have been solved, providing the basis to understand recognition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy M Dahms
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Hasanagic M, Waheed A, Eissenberg JC. Different Pathways to the Lysosome: Sorting out Alternatives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 320:75-101. [PMID: 26614872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research supports a model in which hydrolytic enzymes of mammalian lysosomes are sorted to their destinations in a receptor-dependent mechanism. The ligand for the mammalian sorting receptors is mannose 6-phosphate (M6P). Two M6P receptors have been defined in mammals. Here, we review the foundational evidence supporting this mechanism and highlight the remaining gaps in our understanding of the mammalian mechanism, including evidence for M6P-independent sorting, and its relevance to lysosomal enzyme sorting in metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Hasanagic
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel C Eissenberg
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Vogel GF, Ebner HL, de Araujo MEG, Schmiedinger T, Eiter O, Pircher H, Gutleben K, Witting B, Teis D, Huber LA, Hess MW. Ultrastructural Morphometry Points to a New Role for LAMTOR2 in Regulating the Endo/Lysosomal System. Traffic 2015; 16:617-34. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg F. Vogel
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hannes L. Ebner
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Current address: Department for Trauma Surgery; Medical University of Innsbruck; Anichstrasse 35 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Mariana E. G. de Araujo
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Thomas Schmiedinger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Anichstrasse 35 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Oliver Eiter
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Anichstrasse 35 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Haymo Pircher
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research; University of Innsbruck; Rennweg 10 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Karin Gutleben
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Barbara Witting
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
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29
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Olson LJ, Castonguay AC, Lasanajak Y, Peterson FC, Cummings RD, Smith DF, Dahms NM. Identification of a fourth mannose 6-phosphate binding site in the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Glycobiology 2015; 25:591-606. [PMID: 25573276 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) plays an essential role in lysosome biogenesis by targeting ∼ 60 different phosphomannosyl-containing acid hydrolases to the lysosome. This type I membrane glycoprotein has a large extracellular region comprised of 15 homologous domains. Two mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) binding sites have been mapped to domains 3 and 9, whereas domain 5 binds preferentially to the phosphodiester, M6P-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). A structure-based sequence alignment predicts that the C-terminal domain 15 contains three out of the four conserved residues identified as essential for carbohydrate recognition by domains 3, 5 and 9 of the CI-MPR, but lacks two cysteine residues that are predicted to form a disulfide bond. To determine whether domain 15 of the CI-MPR has lectin activity and to probe its carbohydrate-binding specificity, truncated forms of the CI-MPR were tested for binding to acid hydrolases with defined N-glycans in surface plasmon resonance analyses, and used to interrogate a phosphorylated glycan microarray. The results show that a construct encoding domains 14-15 binds both M6P and M6P-GlcNAc with similar affinity (Kd = 13 and 17 μM, respectively). Site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrate the essential role of the conserved Tyr residue in domain 15 for phosphomannosyl binding. A structural model of domain 15 was generated that predicted an Arg residue to be in the binding pocket and mutagenesis studies confirmed its important role in carbohydrate binding. Together, these results show that the CI-MPR contains a fourth carbohydrate-recognition site capable of binding both phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alicia C Castonguay
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David F Smith
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nancy M Dahms
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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30
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Kowalewski B, Lübke T, Kollmann K, Braulke T, Reinheckel T, Dierks T, Damme M. Molecular characterization of arylsulfatase G: expression, processing, glycosylation, transport, and activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27992-8005. [PMID: 25135642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arylsulfatase G (ARSG) is a recently identified lysosomal sulfatase that was shown to be responsible for the degradation of 3-O-sulfated N-sulfoglucosamine residues of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Deficiency of ARSG leads to a new type of mucopolysaccharidosis, as described in a mouse model. Here, we provide a detailed molecular characterization of the endogenous murine enzyme. ARSG is expressed and proteolytically processed in a tissue-specific manner. The 63-kDa single-chain precursor protein localizes to pre-lysosomal compartments and tightly associates with organelle membranes, most likely the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, proteolytically processed ARSG fragments of 34-, 18-, and 10-kDa were found in lysosomal fractions and lost their membrane association. The processing sites and a disulfide bridge between the 18- and 10-kDa chains could be roughly mapped. Proteases participating in the processing were identified as cathepsins B and L. Proteolytic processing is dispensable for hydrolytic sulfatase activity in vitro. Lysosomal transport of ARSG in the liver is independent of mannose 6-phosphate, sortilin, and Limp2. However, mutation of glycosylation site N-497 abrogates transport of ARSG to lysosomes in human fibrosarcoma cells, due to impaired mannose 6-phosphate modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kowalewski
- From the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Torben Lübke
- From the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Katrin Kollmann
- the Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, and
| | - Thomas Braulke
- the Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, and
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- the Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- From the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld,
| | - Markus Damme
- From the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld,
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31
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Isolation, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of Two Forms of Lysosomal β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from the InvertebrateUnio. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:497-504. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Comparison of five peptide vectors for improved brain delivery of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase A. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3122-9. [PMID: 24573272 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4785-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a treatment option for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by deficiencies of soluble lysosomal enzymes. ERT depends on receptor-mediated transport of intravenously injected recombinant enzyme to lysosomes of patient cells. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents efficient transfer of therapeutic polypeptides from the blood to the brain parenchyma and thus hinders effective treatment of LSDs with CNS involvement. We compared the potential of five brain-targeting peptides to promote brain delivery of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase A (ASA). Fusion proteins between ASA and the protein transduction domain of the human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein (Tat), an Angiopep peptide (Ang-2), and the receptor-binding domains of human apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and ApoE (two versions, ApoE-I and ApoE-II) were generated. All ASA fusion proteins were enzymatically active and targeted to lysosomes when added to cultured cells. In contrast to wild-type ASA, which is taken up by mannose-6-phosphate receptors, all chimeric proteins were additionally endocytosed via mannose-6-phosphate-independent routes. For ASA-Ang-2, ASA-ApoE-I, and ASA-ApoE-II, uptake was partially due to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1. Transendothelial transfer in a BBB cell culture model was elevated for ASA-ApoB, ASA-ApoE-I, and ASA-ApoE-II. Brain delivery was, however, increased only for ASA-ApoE-II. ApoE-II was also superior to wild-type ASA in reducing lysosomal storage in the CNS of ASA-knock-out mice treated by ERT. Therefore, the ApoE-derived peptide appears useful to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy and possibly other neurological disorders more efficiently.
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33
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Cheng SH. Gene therapy for the neurological manifestations in lysosomal storage disorders. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1827-38. [PMID: 24683200 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r047175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several years, considerable progress has been made in the development of gene therapy as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of inherited metabolic diseases, including neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The premise of gene therapy for this group of diseases is borne of findings that genetic modification of a subset of cells can provide a more global benefit by virtue of the ability of the secreted lysosomal enzymes to effect cross-correction of adjacent and distal cells. Preclinical studies in small and large animal models of these disorders support the application of either a direct in vivo approach using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors or an ex vivo strategy using lentiviral vector-modified hematopoietic stem cells to correct the neurological component of these diseases. Early clinical studies utilizing both approaches have begun or are in late-stage planning for a small number of neuropathic LSDs. Although initial indications from these studies are encouraging, it is evident that second-generation vectors that exhibit a greater safety profile and transduction activity may be required before this optimism can be fully realized. Here, I review recent progress and the remaining challenges to treat the neurological aspects of various LSDs using this therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng H Cheng
- Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, Framingham, MA 01701-9322
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34
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Crucianelli E, Bruni P, Frontini A, Massaccesi L, Pisani M, Smorlesi A, Mobbili G. Liposomes containing mannose-6-phosphate-cholesteryl conjugates for lysosome-specific delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel liposomal nanocarrier containing mannose 6-phosphate-cholesteryl conjugates and show its ability to reach the lysosomes by means of confocal and fluorescence microscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Crucianelli
- Di.S.V.A. Department
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - P. Bruni
- SIMAU Department
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Frontini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - L. Massaccesi
- Di.S.V.A. Department
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - M. Pisani
- SIMAU Department
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Smorlesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - G. Mobbili
- Di.S.V.A. Department
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- 60131 Ancona, Italy
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35
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Kraft S, Jouvin MH, Kulkarni N, Kissing S, Morgan ES, Dvorak AM, Schröder B, Saftig P, Kinet JP. The tetraspanin CD63 is required for efficient IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2871-8. [PMID: 23945142 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell (MC) activation through the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI leads to the release of mediators involved in immediate-type allergic reactions. Although Abs against the tetraspanins CD63 and CD81 inhibit FcεRI-induced MC degranulation, the intrinsic role of these molecules in FcεRI-induced MC activation is unknown. In MCs, CD63 is expressed at the cell surface and in lysosomes (particularly secretory lysosomes that contain allergic mediators). In this study, we investigated the role of CD63 in MC using a CD63 knockout mouse model. CD63-deficiency did not affect in vivo MC numbers and tissue distribution. Bone marrow-derived MC developed normally in the absence of CD63 protein. However, CD63-deficient bone marrow-derived MC showed a significant decrease in FcεRI-mediated degranulation, but not PMA/ionomycin-induced degranulation, as shown by β-hexosaminidase release assays. The secretion of TNF-α, which is both released from granules and synthesized de novo upon MC activation, was also decreased. IL-6 secretion and production of the lipid mediator leukotriene C₄ were unaffected. There were no ultrastructural differences in granule content and morphology, late endosomal/lysosomal marker expression, FcεRI-induced global tyrosine phosphorylation, and Akt phosphorylation. Finally, local reconstitution in genetically MC-deficient Kit(w/w-v) mice was unaffected by the absence of CD63. However, the sites reconstituted with CD63-deficient MC developed significantly attenuated cutaneous anaphylactic reactions. These findings demonstrate that the absence of CD63 results in a significant decrease of MC degranulation, which translates into a reduction of acute allergic reactions in vivo, thus identifying CD63 as an important component of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kraft
- Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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36
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Schober A, Parlato R, Huber K, Kinscherf R, Hartleben B, Huber TB, Schütz G, Unsicker K. Cell loss and autophagy in the extra-adrenal chromaffin organ of Zuckerkandl are regulated by glucocorticoid signalling. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:34-47. [PMID: 23078542 PMCID: PMC3564403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells exist in both intra- and extra-adrenal locations; the organ of Zuckerkandl (OZ) constitutes the largest accumulation of extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue in mammals. The OZ disappears postnatally by modes that are still enigmatic but can be maintained by treatment with glucocorticoids (GC). Whether the response to GC reflects a pharmacological or a physiological role of GC has not been clarified. Using mice with a conditional deletion of the GC-receptor (GR) gene restricted to cells expressing the dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) gene [GR(fl/fl) ; DBHCre abbreviated (GR(DBHCre) )], we now present the first evidence for a physiological role of GC signalling in the postnatal maintenance of the OZ: postnatal losses of OZ chromaffin cells in GR(DBHCre) mice are doubled compared to wild-type littermates. We find that postnatal cell loss in the OZ starts at birth and is accompanied by autophagy. Electron microscopy reveals autophagic vacuoles and autophagolysosomes in chromaffin cells. Autophagy in OZ extra-adrenal chromaffin cells is confirmed by showing accumulation of p62 protein, which occurs, when autophagy is blocked by deleting the Atg5 gene (Atg5(DBHCre) mice). Cathepsin-D, a lysosomal marker, is expressed in cells that surround chromaffin cells and are positive for the macrophage marker BM8. Macrophages are relatively more abundant in mice lacking the GR, indicating more robust elimination of degenerating chromaffin cells in GR(DBHCre) mice than in wild-type littermates. In summary, our results indicate that extra-adrenal chromaffin cells in the OZ show signs of autophagy, which accompany their postnatal numerical decline, a process that is controlled by GR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Similarities and differences in the biogenesis, processing and lysosomal targeting between zebrafish and human pro-Cathepsin D: functional implications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:273-82. [PMID: 23107604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal protease Cathepsin D (CD) plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and embryo-fetus abnormalities. It is therefore of interest to know how this protein is synthesized in animal species used for modeling human diseases. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a valuable 'in vivo' vertebrate model for several human diseases. We have characterized the biogenetic pathways of zebrafish and human CD transgenically expressed in both human SH-SY5Y cells and zebrafish PAC2 cells. Differently from human CD, zebrafish CD was synthesized as a mono-glycosylated precursor (pro-CD) that was eventually processed into a single-chain mature polypeptide. In PAC2 cells, ammonium chloride and chloroquine impaired the N-glycosylation, and greatly stimulated the secretion, of pro-CD; still, a portion of un-glycosylated pro-CD reached the lysosomes and was processed to mature CD. The treatment with tunicamycin, which abrogates N-glycosylation, resulted in a similar effect. Zebrafish pro-CD was correctly processed when expressed in human cells, and its glycosylation, transport and maturation were not impaired by ammonium chloride. On the contrary, the transport and processing of human pro-CD expressed in zebrafish cells were profoundly altered: while the intermediate single-chain was not detectable, a small amount of double-chain mature CD still formed. This fact indicates that the enzyme machinery for single- to double-chain processing of mammal CD is present in zebrafish. Our data highlight the respective impact of the information imparted by the primary sequence and of the cellular transport and processing machineries in the biogenesis of lysosomal CD.
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Thi EP, Lambertz U, Reiner NE. Class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110α regulates phagosome maturation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43668. [PMID: 22928013 PMCID: PMC3425514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the various phosphatidylinositol 3- kinases (PI3Ks), only the class III enzyme Vps34 has been shown to regulate phagosome maturation. During studies of phagosome maturation in THP-1 cells deficient in class IA PI3K p110α, we discovered that this PI3K isoform is required for vacuole maturation to progress beyond acquisition of Rab7 leading to delivery of lysosomal markers. Bead phagosomes from THP-1 cells acquired p110α and contained PI3P and PI(3,4,5)P3; however, p110α and PI(3,4,5)P3 levels in phagosomes from p110α knockdown cells were decreased. Phagosomes from p110α knock down cells showed normal acquisition of both Rab5 and EEA-1, but were markedly deficient in the lysosomal markers LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, and the lysosomal hydrolase, β-galactosidase. Phagosomes from p110α deficient cells also displayed impaired fusion with Texas Red dextran-loaded lysosomes. Despite lacking lysosomal components, phagosomes from p110α deficient cells recruited normal levels of Rab7, Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP) and homotypic vacuole fusion and protein sorting (HOPs) components Vps41 and Vps16. The latter observations demonstrated that phagosomal Rab7 was active and capable of recruiting effectors involved in membrane fusion. Nevertheless, active Rab7 was not sufficient to bring about the delivery of lysosomal proteins to the maturing vacuole, which is shown for the first time to be dependent on a class I PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Thi
- Departments of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia and the Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Ulrike Lambertz
- Departments of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia and the Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Neil E. Reiner
- Departments of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia and the Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia and the Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail:
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Lysosomal enzyme sorting receptors-where did they first appear in the animal kingdom? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 749:67-82. [PMID: 22695839 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Nakada-Tsukui K, Tsuboi K, Furukawa A, Yamada Y, Nozaki T. A novel class of cysteine protease receptors that mediate lysosomal transport. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:1299-317. [PMID: 22486861 PMCID: PMC3465781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The transport of lysosomal proteins is, in general, mediated by mannose 6-phosphate receptors via carbohydrate modifications. Here, we describe a novel class of receptors that regulate the transport of lysosomal hydrolases in the enteric protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is a good model organism to investigate membrane traffic. A novel 110 kDa cysteine protease (CP) receptor (CP-binding protein family 1, CPBF1) was initially discovered by affinity co-precipitation of the major CP (EhCP-A5), which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of E. histolytica. We demonstrated that CPBF1 regulates EhCP-A5 transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes and its binding to EhCP-A5 is independent of carbohydrate modifications. Repression of CPBF1 by gene silencing led to the accumulation of the unprocessed form of EhCP-A5 in the non-acidic compartment and the mis-secretion of EhCP-A5, suggesting that CPBF1 is involved in the trafficking and processing of EhCP-A5. The CPBF represents a new class of transporters that bind to lysosomal hydrolases in a carbohydrate-independent fashion and regulate their trafficking, processing and activation and, thus, regulate the physiology and pathogenesis of E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Furukawa A, Nakada-Tsukui K, Nozaki T. Novel transmembrane receptor involved in phagosome transport of lysozymes and β-hexosaminidase in the enteric protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002539. [PMID: 22383874 PMCID: PMC3285589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes and hexosaminidases are ubiquitous hydrolases in bacteria and eukaryotes. In phagocytic lower eukaryotes and professional phagocytes from higher eukaryotes, they are involved in the degradation of ingested bacteria in phagosomes. In Entamoeba histolytica, which is the intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, phagocytosis plays a pivotal role in the nutrient acquisition and the evasion from the host defense systems. While the content of phagosomes and biochemical and physiological roles of the major phagosomal proteins have been established in E. histolytica, the mechanisms of trafficking of these phagosomal proteins, in general, remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized for the first time the putative receptor/carrier involved in the transport of the above-mentioned hydrolases to phagosomes. We have shown that the receptor, designated as cysteine protease binding protein family 8 (CPBF8), is localized in lysosomes and mediates transport of lysozymes and β-hexosaminidase α-subunit to phagosomes when the amoeba ingests mammalian cells or Gram-positive bacillus Clostridium perfringens. We have also shown that the binding of CPBF8 to the cargos is mediated by the serine-rich domain, more specifically three serine residues of the domain, which likely contains trifluoroacetic acid-sensitive O-phosphodiester-linked glycan modifications, of CPBF8. We further showed that the repression of CPBF8 by gene silencing reduced the lysozyme and β-hexosaminidase activity in phagosomes and delayed the degradation of C. perfringens. Repression of CPBF8 also resulted in decrease in the cytopathy against the mammalian cells, suggesting that CPBF8 may also be involved in, besides the degradation of ingested bacteria, the pathogenesis against the mammalian hosts. This work represents the first case of the identification of a transport receptor of hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the degradation of microorganisms in phagosomes. Phagocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles to form an internal phagosome in protozoa, algae, and professional phagocytes of multicellular eukaryotic organisms. In phagocytic protozoa, phagocytosis is involved in the acquisition of nutrients, and the evasion from the host immune system and inflammation. While hydrolytic enzymes that are essential for the efficient and regulated degradation of phagocytosed particles, such as bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotic organisms, have been characterized, the mechanisms of the transport of these proteins are poorly understood. In the present study, we have demonstrated, for the first time, the molecular mechanisms of how the digestive enzymes are transported to phagosomes. Understanding of such mechanisms of the transport of phagosomal proteins at the molecular level may lead to the identification of a novel target for the development of new preventive measures against parasitic infections caused by phagocytic protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Furukawa
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Pike LS, Tannous BA, Deliolanis NC, Hsich G, Morse D, Tung CH, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO. Imaging gene delivery in a mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Gene Ther 2011; 18:1173-8. [PMID: 21900963 PMCID: PMC3235265 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene replacement for lysosomal disorders have been spurred by the ability of some serotypes to efficiently transduce neurons in the brain and by the ability of lysosomal enzymes to cross-correct among cells. Here, we explored enzyme replacement therapy in a knock-out mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), the most severe of the NCLs in humans. The missing protease in this disorder, cathepsin D (CathD) has high levels in the central nervous system. This enzyme has the potential advantage for assessing experimental therapy in that it can be imaged using a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe activated by CathD. Injections of an AAV2/rh8 vector-encoding mouse CathD (mCathD) into both cerebral ventricles and peritoneum of newborn knock-out mice resulted in a significant increase in lifespan. Successful delivery of active CathD by the AAV2/rh8-mCathD vector was verified by NIRF imaging of mouse embryonic fibroblasts from knock-out mice in culture, as well as by ex vivo NIRF imaging of the brain and liver after gene transfer. These studies support the potential effectiveness and imaging evaluation of enzyme replacement therapy to the brain and other organs in CathD null mice via AAV-mediated gene delivery in neonatal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Pike
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gary Hsich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle Morse
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Eissenberg JC, Ilvarsonn AM, Sly WS, Waheed A, Krzyzanek V, Pohlmann R, Waschkau D, Kretzschmar D, Dennes AC. Drosophila GGA model: an ultimate gateway to GGA analysis. Traffic 2011; 12:1821-38. [PMID: 21923734 PMCID: PMC3601743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, ADP ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) proteins are monomeric adaptors implicated in clathrin-mediated vesicular transport between the trans Golgi network and endosomes, characterized mainly from cell culture analysis of lysosomal sorting. To provide the first demonstration of GGA's role in vivo, we used Drosophila which has a single GGA and a single lysosomal sorting receptor, lysosomal enzyme receptor protein (LERP). Using RNAi knockdowns, we show that the Drosophila GGA is required for lysosomal sorting. We further identified authentic components of the Drosophila lysosomal sorting system--the sorting receptor LERP, the sorting adaptor GGA and the lysosomal cargo cathepsins B1, D and L--to show that GGA depletion results in lysosomal dysfunction. Abnormal lysosomal morphology, missorting of lysosomal cathepsins and impaired lysosomal proteolysis show disturbed LERP trafficking after GGA depletion. GGA is highly expressed in the mushroom bodies and the pigment cells of the retina, and increasing or decreasing the levels of GGA in the eyes leads to retinal defects. Reduced GGA levels also enhance an eye defect caused by overexpression of the autophagy-associated protein Blue cheese (Bchs), implicating GGA in autophagic processes. This shows that Drosophila provides an excellent whole-animal model to gain new insights into the function of GGA in the physiological environment of a multicellular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C. Eissenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Anne M. Ilvarsonn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - William S. Sly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Regina Pohlmann
- UKM, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Waschkau
- UKM, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - André C. Dennes
- UKM, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Tedelind S, Jordans S, Resemann H, Blum G, Bogyo M, Führer D, Brix K. Cathepsin B trafficking in thyroid carcinoma cells. Thyroid Res 2011; 4 Suppl 1:S2. [PMID: 21835049 PMCID: PMC3155108 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-4-s1-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cysteine peptidase cathepsin B is important in thyroid physiology by being involved in prohormone processing initiated in the follicle lumen and completed in endo-lysosomal compartments. However, cathepsin B has also been localized to the extrafollicular space in thyroid cancer tissue, and is therefore suggested to promote invasiveness and metastasis in thyroid carcinomas through e.g. extracellular matrix degradation. METHODS Transport of cathepsin B in normal thyroid epithelial and carcinoma cells was investigated through immunolocalization of endogenous cathepsin B in combination with probing protease activity. Transport analyses of cathepsin B-eGFP and its active-site mutant counterpart cathepsin B-C29A-eGFP were used to test whether intrinsic sequences of a protease influence its trafficking. RESULTS Our approach employing activity based probes, which distinguish between active and inactive cysteine proteases, demonstrated that both eGFP-tagged normal and active-site mutated cathepsin B chimeras reached the endo-lysosomal compartments of thyroid epithelial cells, thereby ruling out alterations of sorting signals by mutagenesis of the active-site cysteine. Analysis of chimeric protein trafficking further showed that GFP-tagged cathepsin B was transported to the expected compartments, i.e. endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and endo-lysosomes of normal and thyroid carcinoma cell lines. However, the active-site mutated cathepsin B chimera was mostly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of KTC-1 and HTh7 cells. Hence the latter, as the least polarized of the three carcinoma cell lines analyzed, exhibited severe transport defects in that it retained chimeras in pre-endolysosomal compartments. Furthermore, secretion of endogenous cathepsin B and of other cysteine peptidases, which occurs at the apical pole of normal thyroid epithelial cells, was most prominent and occurred in a non-directed fashion in thyroid carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Transport of endogenous and eGFP-tagged active and inactive cathepsin B in the cultured thyroid carcinoma cells reflected the distribution patterns of this protease in thyroid carcinoma tissue. Hence, our studies showed that sub-cellular localization of proteolysis is a crucial step in regulation of tissue homeostasis. We conclude that any interference with protease trafficking resulting in altered regulation of proteolytic events leads to, or is a consequence of the onset and progression of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tedelind
- School of Engineering and Science, Research Center for Molecular Life Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia Jordans
- School of Engineering and Science, Research Center for Molecular Life Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Henrike Resemann
- School of Engineering and Science, Research Center for Molecular Life Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Galia Blum
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig Medizinische Klinik III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; as of June 2011: Klinik für Endokrinologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Bereich Forschung und Lehre im Zentrallabor, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Brix
- School of Engineering and Science, Research Center for Molecular Life Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Castonguay AC, Olson LJ, Dahms NM. Mannose 6-phosphate receptor homology (MRH) domain-containing lectins in the secretory pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:815-26. [PMID: 21723917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mannose 6-phosphate receptor homology (MRH) domain-containing family of proteins, which include recycling receptors (mannose 6-phosphate receptors, MPRs), resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins (glucosidase II β-subunit, XTP3-B, OS-9), and a Golgi glycosyltransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase γ-subunit), are characterized by the presence of one or more MRH domains. Many MRH domains act as lectins and bind specific phosphorylated (MPRs) or non-phosphorylated (glucosidase II β-subunit, XTP3-B and OS-9) high mannose-type N-glycans. The MPRs are the only proteins known to bind mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) residues via their MRH domains. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent biochemical and structural studies that have provided valuable insight into the glycan specificity and mechanisms of carbohydrate recognition by this diverse group of MRH domain-containing proteins are highlighted. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Currently, three-dimensional structures are known for ten MRH domains, revealing the conservation of a similar fold. OS-9 and the MPRs use the same four residues (Gln, Arg, Glu, and Tyr) to bind mannose. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The MRH domain-containing proteins play key roles in the secretory pathway: glucosidase II, XTP3-B, and OS-9 are involved in the recognition of nascent glycoproteins, whereas the MPRs play an essential role in lysosome biogenesis by targeting Man-6-P-containing lysosomal enzymes to the lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C Castonguay
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Bones J, Mittermayr S, McLoughlin N, Hilliard M, Wynne K, Johnson GR, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Rudd PM. Identification of N-Glycans Displaying Mannose-6-Phosphate and their Site of Attachment on Therapeutic Enzymes for Lysosomal Storage Disorder Treatment. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5344-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2007784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT—The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Mittermayr
- NIBRT Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT—The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Niaobh McLoughlin
- NIBRT Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT—The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark Hilliard
- NIBRT Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT—The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Conway Institute Proteome Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gibbes R. Johnson
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey H. Grubb
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - William S. Sly
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT—The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Kuizon S, DiMaiuta K, Walus M, Jenkins EC, Kuizon M, Kida E, Golabek AA, Espinoza DO, Pullarkat RK, Junaid MA. A critical tryptophan and Ca2+ in activation and catalysis of TPPI, the enzyme deficient in classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11929. [PMID: 20689811 PMCID: PMC2914745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tripeptidyl aminopeptidase I (TPPI) is a crucial lysosomal enzyme that is deficient in the fatal neurodegenerative disorder called classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL). It is involved in the catabolism of proteins in the lysosomes. Recent X-ray crystallographic studies have provided insights into the structural/functional aspects of TPPI catalysis, and indicated presence of an octahedrally coordinated Ca2+. Methodology Purified precursor and mature TPPI were used to study inhibition by NBS and EDTA using biochemical and immunological approaches. Site-directed mutagenesis with confocal imaging technique identified a critical W residue in TPPI activity, and the processing of precursor into mature enzyme. Principal Findings NBS is a potent inhibitor of the purified TPPI. In mammalian TPPI, W542 is critical for tripeptidyl peptidase activity as well as autocatalysis. Transfection studies have indicated that mutants of the TPPI that harbor residues other than W at position 542 have delayed processing, and are retained in the ER rather than transported to lysosomes. EDTA inhibits the autocatalytic processing of the precursor TPPI. Conclusions/Significance We propose that W542 and Ca2+ are critical for maintaining the proper tertiary structure of the precursor proprotein as well as the mature TPPI. Additionally, Ca2+ is necessary for the autocatalytic processing of the precursor protein into the mature TPPI. We have identified NBS as a potent TPPI inhibitor, which led in delineating a critical role for W542 residue. Studies with such compounds will prove valuable in identifying the critical residues in the TPPI catalysis and its structure-function analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Kuizon
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathleen DiMaiuta
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Marius Walus
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Edmund C. Jenkins
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Marisol Kuizon
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Kida
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam A. Golabek
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Espinoza
- Department of Molecular Biology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Raju K. Pullarkat
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Junaid
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Krzyzaniak MA, Mach M, Britt WJ. HCMV-encoded glycoprotein M (UL100) interacts with Rab11 effector protein FIP4. Traffic 2010; 10:1439-57. [PMID: 19761540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The envelope of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) consists of a large number of glycoproteins. The most abundant glycoprotein in the HCMV envelope is the glycoprotein M (UL100), which together with glycoprotein N (UL73) form the gM/gN protein complex. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we found that the gM carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail (gM-CT) interacts with FIP4, a Rab11-GTPase effector protein. Depletion of FIP4 expression in HCMV-infected cells resulted in a decrease in infectious virus production that was also associated with an alteration of the HCMV assembly compartment (AC) phenotype. A similar phenotype was also observed in HCMV-infected cells that expressed dominant negative Rab11(S25N). Recently, it has been shown that FIP4 interactions with Rab11 and additionally with Arf6/Arf5 are important for the vesicular transport of proteins in the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) and during cytokinesis. Surprisingly, FIP4 interaction with gM-CT limited binding of FIP4 with Arf5/Arf6; however, FIP4 interaction with gM-CT did not prevent recruitment of Rab11 into the ternary complex. These data argued for a contribution of the ERC during cytoplasmic envelopment of HCMV and showed a novel FIP4 function independent of Arf5 or Arf6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Krzyzaniak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CHB160, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Schmiedt ML, Bessa C, Heine C, Ribeiro MG, Jalanko A, Kyttälä A. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis protein CLN5: new insights into cellular maturation, transport, and consequences of mutations. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:356-65. [PMID: 20052765 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) represent a group of children's inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by mutations in at least eight different genes. Mutations in the CLN5 gene result in the Finnish variant late infantile NCL characterized by gradual loss of vision, epileptic seizures, and mental deterioration. The CLN5 gene encodes a lysosomal glycoprotein of unidentified function. In this study, we have used both transient and stable expression systems for the characterization of CLN5, focusing on the localization, processing, and intracellular trafficking. We show that CLN5 is proteolytically cleaved, and that the mature polypeptide is transported to the lysosomes. Our data provide the first evidence that soluble CLN5 protein can also undergo mannose-6-phosphate receptor-independent trafficking to the lysosomes. We studied the localization and maturation of the CLN5 carrying the previously uncharacterized vLINCL disease causing mutations in HeLa cells. All analyzed disease mutations disturb the lysosomal trafficking of the mutated CLN5 proteins. The level of lysosomal targeting does not correlate, however, to disease onset, indicating that CLN5 may also function outside lysosomes. This study furthers our understanding of the basic properties of the CLN5 protein, necessary for the characterization of the consequences of disease mutations and for the planning of future therapies for vLINCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia-Lisa Schmiedt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Bohnsack RN, Song X, Olson LJ, Kudo M, Gotschall RR, Canfield WM, Cummings RD, Smith DF, Dahms NM. Cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor: a composite of distinct phosphomannosyl binding sites. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:35215-26. [PMID: 19840944 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.056184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The 300-kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR), which contains multiple mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) binding sites that map to domains 3, 5, and 9 within its 15-domain extracytoplasmic region, functions as an efficient carrier of Man-6-P-containing lysosomal enzymes. To determine the types of phosphorylated N-glycans recognized by each of the three carbohydrate binding sites of the CI-MPR, a phosphorylated glycan microarray was probed with truncated forms of the CI-MPR. Surface plasmon resonance analyses using lysosomal enzymes with defined N-glycans were performed to evaluate whether multiple domains are needed to form a stable, high affinity carbohydrate binding pocket. Like domain 3, adjacent domains increase the affinity of domain 5 for phosphomannosyl residues, with domain 5 exhibiting approximately 60-fold higher affinity for lysosomal enzymes containing the phosphodiester Man-P-GlcNAc when in the context of a construct encoding domains 5-9. In contrast, domain 9 does not require additional domains for high affinity binding. The three sites differ in their glycan specificity, with only domain 5 being capable of recognizing Man-P-GlcNAc. In addition, domain 9, unlike domains 1-3, interacts with Man(8)GlcNAc(2) and Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharides containing a single phosphomonoester. Together, these data indicate that the assembly of three unique carbohydrate binding sites allows the CI-MPR to interact with the structurally diverse phosphorylated N-glycans it encounters on newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Bohnsack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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