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Li S, Cui X, Cao Y, Sun J. Extracellular ATP- and adenosine-mediated purinergic signaling modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, enzyme activity and nitric oxide production in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) head kidney macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109469. [PMID: 38423488 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) is a key immune mediator for production of inflammatory mediator NO from l-arginine. Tight regulation of iNOS expression and enzyme activity is critical for proper NO productions under inflammation and infection conditions. However, the regulatory mechanism for iNOS expression and enzyme activity in fish remains largely unknown. Here, we show that extracellular ATP treatment significantly up-regulates iNOS gene expression and enzyme activity, and consequently leads to enhanced NO production in Cyprinus carpio head kidney macrophages (HKMs). We further show that the extracellular ATP-induced iNOS enzyme activity and NO production can be attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of the ATP-gated P2X4 and P2X7 receptors with their respective specific antagonists, but enhanced by overexpression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in grass carp ovary cells. In contrast, adenosine administration significantly reduces iNOS gene expression, enzyme activity and NO production in carp HKMs, and these inhibitory effects can be reversed by pharmacological inhibition of adenosine receptors with the antagonist XAC. Furthermore, LPS- and poly(I:C)-induced iNOS gene expression, enzyme activity, and NO production are significantly attenuated by blockade of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors with their respective specific antagonists in carp HKMs, while overexpression of P2X and P2X7 receptors results in enhanced iNOS gene expression, enzyme activity and NO production in LPS- and poly(I:C)-treated grass carp ovary cells. Taken together, we firstly report an opposite role of extracellular ATP/adenosine-mediated purinergic signaling in modulating iNOS-NO system activity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Xiwen Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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2
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Alberto AVP, Ferreira NCDS, Bonavita AGC, Nihei OK, de Farias FP, Bisaggio RDC, de Albuquerque C, Savino W, Coutinho‐Silva R, Persechini PM, Alves LA. Physiologic roles of P2 receptors in leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:983-1012. [PMID: 35837975 PMCID: PMC9796137 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru0421-226rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1970s, purinergic receptors have been shown to play key roles in a wide variety of biologic systems and cell types. In the immune system, purinergic receptors participate in innate immunity and in the modulation of the adaptive immune response. In particular, P2 receptors, which respond to extracellular nucleotides, are widely expressed on leukocytes, causing the release of cytokines and chemokines and the formation of inflammatory mediators, and inducing phagocytosis, degranulation, and cell death. The activity of these receptors is regulated by ectonucleotidases-expressed in these same cell types-which regulate the availability of nucleotides in the extracellular environment. In this article, we review the characteristics of the main purinergic receptor subtypes present in the immune system, focusing on the P2 family. In addition, we describe the physiologic roles of the P2 receptors already identified in leukocytes and how they can positively or negatively modulate the development of infectious diseases, inflammation, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anael Viana Pinto Alberto
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | | | | | - Oscar Kenji Nihei
- Center of Education and LetterState University of the West of ParanáFoz do IguaçuPRBrazil
| | | | - Rodrigo da Cunha Bisaggio
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil,Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | | | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil,Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on NeuroimmunomodulationRio de Janeiro Research Network on NeuroinflammationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Robson Coutinho‐Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Pedro Muanis Persechini
- Laboratory of Immunobiophysics, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
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3
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Bravi Costantino ML, Belluzo MS, Oberti TG, Cortizo AM, Cortizo MS. Terpolymer-chitosan membranes as biomaterial. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:383-393. [PMID: 34397166 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study shows a novel copolymer synthesis, its application in the membrane design and the physicochemical and biological characterization of the biomaterial obtained. Terpolymer starting diisopropyl fumarate (F), vinyl benzoate (V) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (H) was prepared by thermal radical polymerization. This polymer (FVH) was obtained in several monomer ratios and characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods (FTIR, 1 H-NMR and SEC). The best relationship of F:V:H was 5:4:1, which allows efficient interaction with chitosan through cross-linking with borax to achieve scaffolds for potential biomedical applications. The membranes were obtained by solvent casting and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling behavior and mechanical properties. In addition, we studied the possible cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of these materials using a murine macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) and bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells (BMPC), respectively, taking into account their intended applications. The results of this study show that the terpolymer obtained and its combination with a natural polymer is a very interesting strategy to obtain a biomaterial with possible applications in regenerative medicine and this could be extended to other structurally related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Leticia Bravi Costantino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Belluzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tamara G Oberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Susana Cortizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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4
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Silva RA, Di Giulio RT, Rice CD. The In Vitro Proinflammatory Properties of Water Accommodated Sediment Extracts from a Creosote-Contaminated US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1576-1585. [PMID: 33512033 PMCID: PMC10115128 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The southern branch of the Elizabeth River near Portsmouth, Virginia, USA, is one of the most creosote-polluted subestuaries in North America and the former location of the Atlantic Wood US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. We previously demonstrated that adult Atlantic Wood killifish collected in situ had severe hepatic lesions, including hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as suppressed circulating antibody responses compared to a historical reference site. Moreover, several innate immune functions were higher in Atlantic Wood fish, including elevated expression of hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), suggesting a proinflammatory environment. To further examine the potential of Atlantic Wood contaminants to modulate innate immune function(s), the present study used RAW264.7 mouse macrophages as an in vitro model to develop new approach methodologies for rapid screening. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide secretion by macrophages is a rapid, sensitive, and predictive in vitro system for screening potentially immunotoxic contaminants as single compounds or as complex mixtures. Compared to the reference site, filter-sterilized Atlantic Wood sediment extracts (water accommodated fractions) induced nitric oxide and IL-6 secretion as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 proteins at levels comparable to or higher than those induced by LPS treatments alone. Extracts also increased phagocytic activity by macrophages. Using a limulus lysate assay, we show that bacterial endotoxin levels in Atlantic Wood extracts are higher than in reference extracts and that polymyxin-B chelation ameliorates proinflammatory effects. These findings illuminate the reality of sediment constituents other than toxic compounds previously associated with developmental abnormalities and carcinogenesis in killifish from the Atlantic Wood site. Perhaps these data also suggest the presence of contaminant-adapted consortia of sediment microbes at many heavily polluted sites worldwide compared to less contaminated sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1576-1585. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna A. Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson SC USA
| | | | - Charles D. Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson SC USA
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5
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Welcome MO, Mastorakis NE. The taste of neuroinflammation: Molecular mechanisms linking taste sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105557. [PMID: 33737243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates a critical role of neuroinflammatory response as an underlying pathophysiological process in several central nervous system disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger neuroinflammatory processes are not fully known. The discovery of bitter taste receptors in regions other than the oral cavity substantially increased research interests on their functional roles in extra-oral tissues. It is now widely accepted that bitter taste receptors, for instance, in the respiratory, intestinal, reproductive and urinary tracts, are crucial not only for sensing poisonous substances, but also, act as immune sentinels, mobilizing defense mechanisms against pathogenic aggression. The relatively recent discovery of bitter taste receptors in the brain has intensified research investigation on the functional implication of cerebral bitter taste receptor expression. Very recent data suggest that responses of bitter taste receptors to neurotoxins and microbial molecules, under normal condition, are necessary to prevent neuroinflammatory reactions. Furthermore, emerging data have revealed that downregulation of key components of the taste receptor signaling cascade leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammasome signaling in neurons that ultimately culminate in neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that link taste receptor mediated surveillance of the extracellular milieu to neuroinflammatory responses are not completely understood. This review integrates new data on the molecular mechanisms that link bitter taste receptor sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. The role of bitter taste receptor-mediated sensing of toxigenic substances in brain disorders is also discussed. The therapeutic significance of targeting these receptors for potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
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6
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Lastra ML, Gómez Ribelles JL, Cortizo AM. Design and characterization of microspheres for a 3D mesenchymal stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Kim C, Ji J, Ho Baek S, Lee JH, Ha IJ, Lim SS, Yoon HJ, Je Nam Y, Ahn KS. Fermented dried Citrus unshiu peel extracts exert anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and improve skin moisturizing efficacy in immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:392-402. [PMID: 31188689 PMCID: PMC6566750 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1621353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Context: Citrus unshiu Markovich (Rutaceae) peel is known to contain high concentrations of flavonoids and exerts pharmacological effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammation, allergies, diabetes and viral infections. Objective: Very little is known about potential activity of fermented dried Citrus unshiu peel extracts (FCU) using Bacillus subtilis, as well as its mechanism of action. We investigated the effects of FCU on the anti-inflammatory activities in murine macrophages and moisturizing effects in human keratinocytes. Materials and methods: We isolated the Bacillus subtilis from Cheonggukjang and FCU using these Bacillus subtilis to prepare samples. The cells were pre-treated with various extracts for 2 h and then induced with LPS for 22 h. We determined the NO assay, TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 ells. The expression of SPT and Filaggrin by FCU treatment was measured in HaCaT cells. Result: We found that two types of FCU highly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) without exerting cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells (21.9 and 15.4% reduction). FCU inhibited the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 proteins and their mRNAs in a concentration-dependent manner. TNF-α (59 and 30.9% reduction), IL-6 (39.1 and 65.6% reduction), and PGE2 secretion (78.6 and 82.5% reduction) were suppressed by FCU in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, FCU can induce the production of hyaluronic acid (38 and 38.9% induction) and expression of Filaggrin and SPT in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Discussion and conclusion: FCU potentially inhibits inflammation, improves skin moisturizing efficacy, and it may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Kwang Seok Ahn Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul02447, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zurriaga Carda J, Lastra ML, Antolinos-Turpin CM, Morales-Román RM, Sancho-Tello M, Perea-Ruiz S, Milián L, Fernández JM, Cortizo AM, Carda C, Gallego-Ferrer G, Gómez Ribelles JL. A cell-free approach with a supporting biomaterial in the form of dispersed microspheres induces hyaline cartilage formation in a rabbit knee model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1428-1438. [PMID: 31520507 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test a regenerative medicine strategy for the regeneration of articular cartilage. This approach combines microfracture of the subchondral bone with the implant at the site of the cartilage defect of a supporting biomaterial in the form of microspheres aimed at creating an adequate biomechanical environment for the differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells that migrate from the bone marrow. The possible inflammatory response to these biomaterials was previously studied by means of the culture of RAW264.7 macrophages. The microspheres were implanted in a 3 mm-diameter defect in the trochlea of the femoral condyle of New Zealand rabbits, covering them with a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) membrane manufactured by electrospinning. Experimental groups included a group where exclusively PLLA microspheres were implanted, another group where a mixture of 50/50 microspheres of PLLA (hydrophobic and rigid) and others of chitosan (a hydrogel) were used, and a third group used as a control where no material was used and only the membrane was covering the defect. The histological characteristics of the regenerated tissue have been evaluated 3 months after the operation. We found that during the regeneration process the microspheres, and the membrane covering them, are displaced by the neoformed tissue in the regeneration space toward the subchondral bone region, leaving room for the formation of a tissue with the characteristics of hyaline cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zurriaga Carda
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,IMED (Innovación MÉDica), Hospital IMED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria L Lastra
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carmen M Antolinos-Turpin
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Morales-Román
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sancho-Tello
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sofía Perea-Ruiz
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lara Milián
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan M Fernández
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carmen Carda
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Gallego-Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
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9
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Protective Effects Induced by Two Polyphenolic Liquid Complexes from Olive ( Olea europaea, mainly Cultivar Coratina) Pressing Juice in Rat Isolated Tissues Challenged with LPS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163002. [PMID: 31430921 PMCID: PMC6720671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MOMAST(®) HY100 and MOMAST(®) HP30 are polyphenolic liquid complexes from olive pressing juice with a total polyphenolic content of 100 g/kg (at least 50% as hydroxytyrosol) and 36 g/kg (at least 30% as hydroxytyrosol), respectively. We investigated the potential protective role of MOMAST(®) HY100 and MOMAST(®) HP30 on isolated rat colon, liver, heart, and prefrontal cortex specimens treated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a validated ex vivo model of inflammation, by measuring the production of prostaglandin (PG)E2, 8-iso-PGF2α, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels. MOMAST(®) HY100 decreased LPS-stimulated PGE2 and LDH levels in all tested tissues. Following treatment with MOMAST(®) HY100, we found a significant reduction in iNOS levels in prefrontal cortex and heart specimens, COX-2 and TNFα mRNA levels in heart specimens, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels in liver specimens. On the other hand, MOMAST(®) HP30 was found to blunt COX-2, TNFα, and iNOS mRNA levels, as well as 8-iso-PGF2α in cortex, liver, and colon specimens. MOMAST(®) HP30 was also found to decrease PGE2 levels in liver specimens, while it decreased iNOS mRNA, LDH, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels in heart specimens. Both MOMAST(®) HY100 and MOMAST(®) HP30 exhibited protective effects on multiple inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
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10
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Torres M, Fernandez J, Dellatorre F, Cortizo A, Oberti T. Purification of alginate improves its biocompatibility and eliminates cytotoxicity in matrix for bone tissue engineering. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Cascade Signals of Papaverine Inhibiting LPS-Induced Retinal Microglial Activation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:111-119. [PMID: 30852743 PMCID: PMC6453874 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that papaverine can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. The retinal primary microglia of newborn SD rats were isolated and purified, and a LPS-induced microglia activation model was established. The protein phosphorylation level of the signaling pathway was detected by western blotting. The transcription and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were respectively detected by RT-PCR and ELISA to observe the abnormal activation of primary microglia. The cAMP inhibitor Rp-isomer, PKA inhibitor H89, and MEK inhibitor U0126 were separately added to further investigate the role of MEK/Erk in PAP inhibition of primary microglial activation and the relationship between cAMP/PKA and MEK/Erk. It was found that the level of MEK phosphorylation was upregulated after LPS stimulation, which was blocked by 10 μg/ml of papaverine.10μM U0126 significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β and increased IL-10 transcription and expression in retinal microglia (P < 0.01). Both Rp-isomer and H89 upregulated the phosphorylation levels of MEK and Erk. Papaverine may inhibit inflammatory factors and promote the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the cAMP/PKA and MEK/Erk pathway, thereby inhibiting LPS-induced activation of primary retinal microglia, and the MEK/Erk pathway may be partially regulated by cAMP/PKA, which can provide theoretical basis and experimental basis for its protection of the central nervous system.
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12
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Gupta S, Khajuria V, Wani A, Nalli Y, Bhagat A, Ali A, Ahmed Z. Murrayanine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation and Protects Mice from Sepsis-associated Organ Failure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124:351-359. [PMID: 29719125 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Murrayanine (MK) is the main compound isolated from Murraya koenigii, an aromatic plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, also known as curry leaf tree. Murrayanine was reported to possess potential antioxidant, antimycobacterial and antifungal effects. However, its effect in sepsis remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of MK using both in vitro and in vivo assay. Results of this study indicated that MK decreased NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression as well as their downstream product, PGE2, was also decreased effectively in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, MK decreased the phosphorylation of IKB and repressed NF-kB activity in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, we evaluated MK efficacy in vivo using LPS-induced sepsis, a systemic inflammation model in mice. Administration of MK inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) secretion; decreases AST, ALT, BUN and CRE level in mouse sera; mitigates lung, liver and kidney injuries; and also increases LPS-challenged mice survival rate. Collectively, our results suggest that MK exerts potential as a new anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug in sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vidushi Khajuria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abubakar Wani
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asha Bhagat
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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13
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Lino AB, McCarthy AD, Fernández JM. Evaluation of Strontium-Containing PCL-PDIPF Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 47:902-912. [PMID: 30560305 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has the general objective of restoring and improving damaged bone. A very interesting strategy for BTE is to combine an adequate polymeric scaffold with an osteoinductive compound. Strontium is a divalent cation that can substitute calcium in hydroxyapatite and induce both anabolic and anti-catabolic effects in bone. On the other hand, systemic increases in Sr2+ levels can provoke adverse cardiovascular effects. In the present study we have developed a compatibilized blend of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and polydiisopropyl fumarate (PDIPF) enriched with 1% or 5% Sr2+ and evaluated the applicability of these biomaterials for BTE, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, whereas Blend + 5% Sr2+ was pro-inflammatory and anti-osteogenic, Blend + 1% Sr2+ released very low quantities of the cation; was not cytotoxic for cultured macrophages; and showed improved osteocompatibility when used as a substratum for primary cultures of bone marrow stromal cells. In vivo, implants with Blend + 1% Sr2+ significantly increased bone tissue regeneration and improved fibrous bridging (vs. Blend alone), while neither inducing a local inflammatory response nor increased serum levels of Sr2+. These results indicate that our compatibilized blend of PCL-PDIPF enriched with 1% Sr2+ could be useful for BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Berenice Lino
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral) - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Desmond McCarthy
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral) - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Fernández
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral) - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina. .,Cátedra Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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14
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Zhang X, Yang R, Long J, He B, Zhang Y, Fu T, Shen Z, Chen P. A novel effect of geraniin on OPG/RANKL signaling in osteoblasts. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000317567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiang Long
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Bo He
- Kunming Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Kunming Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Ting Fu
- Kunming Medical University, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Chen
- Kunming Medical University, P.R. China
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15
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Bravi Costantino ML, Oberti TG, Cortizo AM, Cortizo MS. Matrices based on lineal and star fumarate-metha/acrylate copolymers for bone tissue engineering: Characterization and biocompatibility studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:195-203. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Leticia Bravi Costantino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET CCT-La Plata; CC 16 Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Tamara G Oberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET CCT-La Plata; CC 16 Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Ana M. Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Departamento de Cs. Biológicas, Facultad de Cs. Exactas; UNLP; La Plata Argentina
| | - M. Susana Cortizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET CCT-La Plata; CC 16 Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
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16
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LncRNA HOTAIR regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression and inflammatory response in macrophages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15670. [PMID: 30353135 PMCID: PMC6199307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as major regulators of a variety of cell signaling processes. Many lncRNAs are expressed in immune cells and appear to play critical roles in the regulation of immune response. Here, we have investigated the potential role of a well-known lncRNA, HOTAIR, in inflammatory and immune response. Our studies demonstrate that HOTAIR expression is induced in immune cells (macrophages) upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Knockdown of HOTAIR reduces NF-κB-mediated inflammatory gene and cytokine expression in macrophages. Inhibition of NF-κB resulted in down-regulation of LPS-induced expression of HOTAIR as well as IL-6 and iNOS expression. We further demonstrated that HOTAIR regulates activation of NF-κB and its target genes (IL-6 and iNOS) expression via facilitating the degradation of IκBα. HOTAIR knockdown reduces the expression of NF-κB target gene expression via inhibiting the recruitment of NF-κB and associated cofactors at the target gene promoters. Taken together, our findings suggest that HOTAIR is a critical player in NF-κB activation in macrophages suggesting its potential functions in inflammatory and immune response.
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17
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Yonezawa Y, Miyashita T, Nejishima H, Takeda Y, Imai K, Ogawa H. Anti-inflammatory effects of olive-derived hydroxytyrosol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1801-1807. [PMID: 30298817 PMCID: PMC6305503 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of inflammation, which arises from complex biological responses to harmful
stimuli, is an important determinant of both clinical outcomes and patient comfort.
However, the side effects of many current therapies such as non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs mean that new safe treatments are required. We previously reported
that 12.5 µg/ml hydroxytyrosol (HT) suppressed gene
expression of the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) isoform and NO production,
in mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), where nuclear
factor-κB (NF-κB) gene expression was not altered. The present study evaluated the
anti-inflammatory effects of various concentrations of HT in LPS-induced RAW264.7 mouse
macrophages. HT suppressed NF-κB signaling and downregulated LPS-mediated expression of
iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1β at 12.5
µg/ml, resulting in reduced production of NO and
prostaglandin E2. At lower concentrations, HT seemed to act via another
signaling pathway to regulate the inflammatory response. In contrast, HT did not suppress
LPS-induced expression of phosphorylated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. This
study showed that HT had anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. HT is
already available as a nutritional supplement and no toxic effects have been reported.
Hence, HT represents a potential novel anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonezawa
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taishi Miyashita
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nejishima
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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18
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Ma Y, He Y, Yin T, Chen H, Gao S, Hu M. Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 Cells Can Impact Their Anti-inflammatory efficacy: Indication of Hesperetin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6042-6052. [PMID: 29792322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Raw264.7 is a murine macrophage-like cell line commonly used to study the anti-inflammatory efficacy of natural compounds. However, the impacts of long-time incubation on the tested compounds are often inappropriately ignored. Among 77 natural phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids), only 36 remain more than 70% after a 15-h incubation in cell culture medium at 37 °C. Interestingly, for those compounds with a relatively good chemical stability, the presence of Raw264.7 cells could accelerate their disappearance in the medium, indicating that cellular metabolism occurred. As a representative phenolic, hesperetin was found to be efficiently metabolized by Raw264.7 cells and the metabolite was identified as a glucuronide in the further investigation. The glucuronidation activity is constitutive in this cell line. At certain concentration levels of hesperetin, the ability of hesperetin to inhibit PGD2 production in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells was significantly enhanced by introducing β-glucuronidase, which can hydrolyze hesperetin glucuronide, into the incubation medium. The results indicate that glucuronidation and excretion of hesperetin can significantly impact its bioactivity in Raw264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Road , Houston , Texas 77004 , United States
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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19
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Franko J, McCall JL, Barnett JB. Evaluating Macrophages in Immunotoxicity Testing. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1803:255-296. [PMID: 29882145 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous group of cells that have a multitude of functions depending on their differentiation state. While classically known for their phagocytic and antigen presentation abilities, it is now evident that these cells fulfill homeostatic functions beyond the elimination of invading pathogens. In addition, macrophages have also been implicated in the downregulation of inflammatory responses following pathogen removal, tissue remodeling, repair, and angiogenesis. Alterations in macrophage differentiation and/or activity due to xenobiotic exposure can have grave consequences on organismal homeostasis, potentially contributing to disease due to immunosuppression or chronic inflammatory responses, depending upon the pathways affected. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the macrophages subtypes, their origin and a general discussion of several different assays used to assess their functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Franko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jamie L McCall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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20
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Comparative study of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis genes expressed within avian and murine macrophages via selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6567-6579. [PMID: 29799087 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a communicable zoonotic bacterium. Macrophages are essential for Salmonella survival, transmission, and infection. In this study, selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS) was used to screen genes preferentially expressed by SE during contact with macrophages from different hosts. We found 57 predicted genes and 52 genes expressed by SE during interaction with avian HD-11 and murine RAW264.7 cells, respectively. These expressed genes were involved in virulence, metabolism, stress response, transport, regulation, and other functions. Although genes related to survival or metabolic pathways were needed during SE infection, different gene expression profiles of SE occurred in the two macrophage cell lines. qRT-PCR results confirmed that most screened genes were upregulated during infection in contrast to the observation during in vitro cultivation, with different expression levels in infected avian macrophages at 2-h and 7-h post-infection. In addition, in vitro and in vivo competition assays confirmed that SEN3610 (a putative deoR family regulator) and rfaQ (related to LPS synthesis) were closely related to SE virulence in both mice and chickens. Three putative transcriptional regulators, SEN2967, SEN4299, and rtcR, were related to SE colonization in mice, while the ycaM mutation caused decreased infection and survival of SE in HD-11 cells without influencing virulence in mice or chicken. Genes showing differential expression between SE-infected avian and murine macrophages indicate specific pathogen adaptation to enable infection of various hosts.
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21
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Kang H, Zhang K, Wong DSH, Han F, Li B, Bian L. Near-infrared light-controlled regulation of intracellular calcium to modulate macrophage polarization. Biomaterials 2018; 178:681-696. [PMID: 29705000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are multifunctional immune cells with diverse physiological functions such as fighting against infection, influencing progression of pathologies, maintaining homeostasis, and regenerating tissues. Macrophages can be induced to adopt distinct polarized phenotypes, such as classically activated pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotypes or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory and pro-healing (M2), to execute diverse and dynamic immune functions. However, unbalanced polarizations of macrophage can lead to various pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, tumor, and asthma. Thus, the capability to remotely control macrophage phenotypes is important to the success of treating many pathological conditions involving macrophages. In this study, we developed an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based photoresponsive nanocarrier for near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated control of intracellular calcium levels to regulate macrophage polarization. UCNP was coated with mesoporous silica (UCNP@mSiO2), into which loaded calcium regulators that can either supply or deplete calcium ions. UCNP@mSiO2 was chemically modified through serial coupling of photocleavable linker and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-bearing molecular cap via cyclodextrin-adamantine host-guest complexation. The RGD-bearing cap functioned as the photolabile gating structure to control the release of calcium regulators and facilitated the cellular uptake of UCNP@mSiO2 nanocarrier. The upconverted UV light emission from the UCNP@mSiO2 under NIR light excitation triggered the cleavage of cap and intracellular release of calcium regulators, thereby allowing temporal regulation on the intracellular calcium levels. Application of NIR light through skin tissue promoted M1 or M2 polarization of macrophages, by elevating or depleting intracellular calcium levels, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of NIR light-mediated remote control on macrophage polarization. This photoresponsive nanocarrier offers the potential to remotely manipulate in vivo immune functions, such as inflammation or tissue regeneration, via NIR light-controlled macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dexter Siu Hong Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Dhananjayan K, Gunawardena D, Hearn N, Sonntag T, Moran C, Gyengesi E, Srikanth V, Münch G. Activation of Macrophages and Microglia by Interferon-γ and Lipopolysaccharide Increases Methylglyoxal Production: A New Mechanism in the Development of Vascular Complications and Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:467-479. [PMID: 28582854 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a dicarbonyl compound derived from glucose, is elevated in diabetes mellitus and contributes to vascular complications by crosslinking collagen and increasing arterial stiffness. It is known that MGO contributes to inflammation as it forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which activate macrophages via the receptor RAGE. The aim of study was to investigate whether inflammatory activation can increase MGO levels, thereby completing a vicious cycle. In order to validate this, macrophage (RAW264.7, J774A.1) and microglial (N11) cells were stimulated with IFN-γ and LPS (5 + 5 and 10 + 10 IFN-γ U/ml or μg/ml LPS), and extracellular MGO concentration was determined after derivatization with 5,6-Diamino-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine sulfate by HPLC. MGO levels in activated macrophage cells (RAW264.7) peaked at 48 h, increasing 2.86-fold (3.14±0.4 μM) at 5 U/ml IFN-γ+5 μg/ml LPS, and 4.74-fold (5.46±0.30 μM) at 10 U/ml IFN-γ+10 μg/ml LPS compared to the non-activated controls (1.15±0.02 μM). The other two cell lines, J774A.1 macrophages and N11 microglia, showed a similar response. We suggest that inflammation increases MGO production, possibly exacerbating arterial stiffness, cardiovascular complications, and diabetes-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Dhananjayan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dhanushka Gunawardena
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Nerissa Hearn
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanja Sonntag
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Moran
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health & Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health & Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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23
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Zhan R, Xia L, Shao J, Wang C, Chen D. Polysaccharide isolated from Chinese jujube fruit (Zizyphus jujuba cv. Junzao) exerts anti-inflammatory effects through MAPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Sommer J, Fisette P, Hu Y, Denlinger L, Guerra A, Bertics P, Proctor R. Purinergic receptor modulation of LPS-stimulated signaling events and nitric oxide release in RAW 264.7 macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519990050010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors of the P2 class are cell surface receptors which are sensitive to extracellular adenine nucleotides, such as ATP and ADP. This class of receptors is divided into the P2Y family of G protein-coupled receptors and the P2X family of ligand-gated ion channels. The P2X receptors, seven of which have been cloned, are thought to possess two transmembrane domains and function as multimeric complexes. Numerous studies have suggested a role for P2 receptors in activation of macrophages by Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). LPS is thought to exert its toxic effects, in large part, by inducing macrophages to release inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and nitric oxide (NO). Although multiple signal transduction pathways are activated by LPS in macrophages, the proximal mechanisms by which LPS exerts these effects remain unclear. The current study examines the role of the P2X7/P2Z purinergic receptor in LPS signaling events and in nitric oxide (NO) production. The results indicate that the P2X7 receptor is required for maximal LPS activation of the mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2, for activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as well as for upregulation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). These results are fortified by our recent observation that the C-terminus of the P2X7 receptor is homologous to conserved LPS binding domains of proteins critical to host responses to Gram-negative bacterial infection, such as LPS-binding protein (LBP) and bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI). Taken together, these observations suggest that the P2X 7 receptor plays a fundamental role in LPS signal transduction and activation of macrophages, and thus may represent a therapeutic target for Gram-negative bacterial septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Sommer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P.L. Fisette
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Y. Hu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - L.C. Denlinger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - A.N. Guerra
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P.J. Bertics
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - R.A. Proctor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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25
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Neely Wilson C, Batra VK. Lipopolysaccharide binds to and activates A1 adenosine receptors on human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519020080040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it was reported that A1 adenosine receptor antagonists prevent endotoxin-inducedacute lung injury and pulmonary arterial endothelial cell damage. In competition radioligand binding experiments in membranes prepared from human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa displaced the binding of a selective A adenosine receptor antagonist [125I]-BWA844U (IC 50 values: 195 ng/ml, 290 ng/ml, 602 ng/ml, and 6931 ng/ml, respectively)in a dose-dependent, competitive manner. There was no displacement of this radioligand by enterotoxin (≤ 10 μg/ml), diphosphoryl lipid A (≤ 10μg/ml), and glycolipids, monosialoganglioside(≤ 1μg/ml), lactocerebroside (≤ 100μg/ml), or NBD galactocerebroside (≤ 100 μg/ml). Based on calculated IC values, LPS ( E. coli, IC50 111 ng/ml) 50 6 displaced the selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist, [3H]-2-chloro, N -cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) in human PAECs with a potency profile, CCPA > LPS > 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV 1808), a selective A2 adenosine receptor agonist. The potency profile for displacement of the selective A μ 2a adenosine receptor agonist [ 3H]-CGS 21680 was CV 1808 > CCPA. LPS ( E. coli 0.1 pg/ml—10 g/ml) did not displace [3H]-CGS 21680 binding. In human PAECs, IL-6 and TXA2 release induced by LPS (0—1 μg/ml) or CCPA (0—1 μM) at high doses was significantly reduced by the selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine(DPCPX; 1 μM). These data suggest that LPS binds to and activates A1 adenosine receptors on human PAECs to induce the release of IL-6 and TXA 2. Activation of A1 adenosine receptors on human PAECs by LPS, may contribute to the pathophysiology of acute lung injury associated with Gram-negative septicemia and endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinod K. Batra
- Endacea, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Guerra AN, Fisette PL, Pfeiffer ZA, Quinchia-Rios BH, Prabhu U, Aga M, Denlinger LC, Guadarrama AG, Abozeid S, Sommer JA, Proctor RA, Bertics PJ. Purinergic receptor regulation of LPS-induced signaling and pathophysiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519030090040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages express several lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding proteins and are potently activated by LPS to produce inflammatory mediators. Recent studies have shown that receptors for exogenous nucleotides (P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors) can modulate macrophage production of TNF-α , IL-1β and nitric oxide (NO) following LPS exposure. Macrophages and LPS-stimulated monocytes express elevated levels of P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2X7 mRNA, suggesting that both P2Y and P2X receptors can contribute to LPS-induced pathophysiology. In addition, oxidized-ATP treatment (which inhibits P2X7) of macrophages blocks LPS-induced NO production, NF-κB and ERK-1/2 activation. Also, an LPS-binding domain located in the P2X7 C-terminus appears important for receptor trafficking/function. Moreover, the purinergic receptor ligand 2-MeS-ATP attenuates LPS-induced cytokine and NO production in vivo and ex vivo. These data suggest that P2X7 and certain P2Ys are linked to LPS effects, although their relative contribution in vivo is unclear. Accordingly, we tested the capacity of several adenine nucleotides to modulate LPS-induced mortality in mice. We found that the P2X7-directed ligand BzATP was unable to prevent LPS-induced death, whereas 2-MeS-ATP and 2-Cl-ATP, which bind to multiple P2X and P2Y receptors were able to protect mice from LPS-induced death. These data suggest that the co-ordinate action of P2Y and P2X7 receptors are critical for controlling LPS responses in vivo and that agents directed against both receptor classes may provide the greatest therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma N. Guerra
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Philip L. Fisette
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zachary A. Pfeiffer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Beatriz H. Quinchia-Rios
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Usha Prabhu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mini Aga
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Loren C. Denlinger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arturo G. Guadarrama
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Abozeid
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julie A. Sommer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard A. Proctor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul J. Bertics
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,
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Gentil C, Le Guiner C, Falcone S, Hogrel JY, Peccate C, Lorain S, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Guigand L, Montus M, Servais L, Voit T, Piétri-Rouxel F. Dystrophin Threshold Level Necessary for Normalization of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Ryanodine Receptor-Calcium Release Channel Type 1 Nitrosylation in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy Dystrophinopathy. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:712-26. [PMID: 27279388 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the clinically most advanced strategy to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the exon-skipping strategy. Whereas antisense oligonucleotide-based clinical trials are underway for DMD, it is essential to determine the dystrophin restoration threshold needed to ensure improvement of muscle physiology at the molecular level. A preclinical trial has been conducted in golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs treated in a forelimb by locoregional delivery of rAAV8-U7snRNA to promote exon skipping on the canine dystrophin messenger. Here, we exploited rAAV8-U7snRNA-transduced GRMD muscle samples, well characterized for their percentage of dystrophin-positive fibers, with the aim of defining the threshold of dystrophin rescue necessary for normalization of the status of neuronal nitric oxide synthase mu (nNOSμ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel type 1 (RyR1), crucial actors for efficient contractile function. Results showed that restoration of dystrophin in 40% of muscle fibers is needed to decrease abnormal cytosolic nNOSμ expression and to reduce overexpression of iNOS, these two parameters leading to a reduction in the NO level in the muscle fibers. Furthermore, the same percentage of dystrophin-positive fibers of 40% was associated with the normalization of RyR1 nitrosylation status and with stabilization of the RyR1-calstabin1 complex that is required to facilitate coupled gating. We concluded that a minimal threshold of 40% of dystrophin-positive fibers is necessary for the reinstatement of central proteins needed for proper muscle contractile function, and thus identified a rate of dystrophin expression significantly improving, at the molecular level, the dystrophic muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Gentil
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Guiner
- 2 Atlantic Gene Therapies/INSERM UMR 1089 Université de Nantes , CHU de Nantes, IRT1, Nantes, France.,3 Généthon , Evry, France
| | - Sestina Falcone
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Peccate
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lorain
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Guigand
- 5 Atlantic Gene Therapies /INRA UMR 703, ONIRIS, Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine , Food Science, and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurent Servais
- 4 Institut de Myologie , GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Voit
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - France Piétri-Rouxel
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Wang P, Qiao Q, Li J, Wang W, Yao LP, Fu YJ. Inhibitory effects of geraniin on LPS-induced inflammation via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Takahashi Y, Tanaka H, Nakai K, Kitami S, Murakami F, Morita T, Tanabe N, Kawato T, Maeno M. RANKL Induces IL-18 Binding Protein Expression in RAW264.7 Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kumiko Nakai
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Satoshi Kitami
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Toyoko Morita
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- The Lion Foundation for Dental Health
| | - Natsuko Tanabe
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Masao Maeno
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Farges JC, Bellanger A, Ducret M, Aubert-Foucher E, Richard B, Alliot-Licht B, Bleicher F, Carrouel F. Human odontoblast-like cells produce nitric oxide with antibacterial activity upon TLR2 activation. Front Physiol 2015; 6:185. [PMID: 26157393 PMCID: PMC4477070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The penetration of cariogenic oral bacteria into enamel and dentin during the caries process triggers an immune/inflammatory response in the underlying pulp tissue, the reduction of which is considered a prerequisite to dentinogenesis-based pulp regeneration. If the role of odontoblasts in dentin formation is well known, their involvement in the antibacterial response of the dental pulp to cariogenic microorganisms has yet to be elucidated. Our aim here was to determine if odontoblasts produce nitric oxide (NO) with antibacterial activity upon activation of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), a cell membrane receptor involved in the recognition of cariogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Human odontoblast-like cells differentiated from dental pulp explants were stimulated with the TLR2 synthetic agonist Pam2CSK4. We found that NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 gene expression was increased in Pam2CSK4-stimulated odontoblast-like cells compared to unstimulated ones. NOS2 was the most up-regulated gene. NOS1 and NOS3 proteins were not detected in Pam2CSK4-stimulated or control cultures. NOS2 protein synthesis, NOS activity and NO extracellular release were all augmented in stimulated samples. Pam2CSK4-stimulated cell supernatants reduced Streptococcus mutans growth, an effect counteracted by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME. In vivo, the NOS2 gene was up-regulated in the inflamed pulp of carious teeth compared with healthy ones. NOS2 protein was immunolocalized in odontoblasts situated beneath the caries lesion but not in pulp cells from healthy teeth. These results suggest that odontoblasts may participate to the antimicrobial pulp response to dentin-invading Gram-positive bacteria through NOS2-mediated NO production. They might in this manner pave the way for accurate dental pulp healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Farges
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ENS/Université Lyon 1, Equipe Physiopathologie des Odontoblastes Lyon, France ; Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon Lyon, France ; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires Lyon, France ; Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Bellanger
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ENS/Université Lyon 1, Equipe Physiopathologie des Odontoblastes Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon Lyon, France ; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires Lyon, France ; Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Aubert-Foucher
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Richard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ENS/Université Lyon 1, Equipe Physiopathologie des Odontoblastes Lyon, France ; Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon Lyon, France ; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires Lyon, France
| | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, INSERM UMR1064, Université de Nantes Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Bleicher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ENS/Université Lyon 1, Equipe Physiopathologie des Odontoblastes Lyon, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ENS/Université Lyon 1, Equipe Physiopathologie des Odontoblastes Lyon, France ; Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon Lyon, France
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31
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Matsebatlela TM, Anderson AL, Gallicchio VS, Elford H, Rice CD. 3,4-Dihydroxy-benzohydroxamic acid (Didox) suppresses pro-inflammatory profiles and oxidative stress in TLR4-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 233:95-105. [PMID: 25843059 PMCID: PMC4408267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Didox (3,4-dihydroxy-benzohydroxamic acid), is a synthetic ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitor derived from polyhydroxy-substituted benzohydroxamic acid, and originally developed as an anti-cancer agent. Some studies indicate that didox may have anti-oxidative stress-like properties, while other studies hint that didox may have anti-inflammatory properties. Using nitric oxide production in response to LPS treatment as a sensitive screening assay for anti-inflammatory compounds, we show that didox is very potent at levels as low as 6.25 μM, with maximal inhibition at 100 μM. A qRT-PCR array was then employed to screen didox for other potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress-related properties. Didox was very potent in suppressing the expression of these arrayed mRNA in response to LPS, and in some cases didox alone suppressed expression. Using qRT-PCR as a follow up to the array, we demonstrated that didox suppresses LPS-induced mRNA levels of iNOS, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, NF-κβ (p65), and p38-α, after 24h of treatment. Treatment with didox also suppresses the secretion of nitric oxide, IL-6, and IL-10. Furthermore, oxidative stress, as quantified by intracellular ROS levels in response to macrophage activators LPS and phorbol ester (PMA), and the glutathione depleting agent BSO, is reduced by treatment with didox. Moreover, we demonstrate that nuclear translocation of NF-κβ (p65) in response to LPS is inhibited by didox. These findings were supported by qRT-PCR for oxidative stress genes SOD1 and catalase. Overall, this study supports the conclusion that didox may have a future role in managing acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress due to high production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabe M Matsebatlela
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Amy L Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Charles D Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, SC, USA.
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32
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Lastra ML, Molinuevo MS, Giussi JM, Allegretti PE, Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Mijangos C, Cortizo MS. Tautomerizable β-ketonitrile copolymers for bone tissue engineering: Studies of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 51:256-62. [PMID: 25842133 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
β-Ketonitrile tautomeric copolymers have demonstrated tunable hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity properties according to surrounding environment, and mechanical properties similar to those of human bone tissue. Both characteristic properties make them promising candidates as biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Based on this knowledge we have designed two scaffolds based on β-ketonitrile tautomeric copolymers which differ in chemical composition and surface morphology. Two of them were nanostructured, using an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template, and the other two obtained by solvent casting methodology. They were used to evaluate the effect of the composition and their structural modifications on the biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and degradation properties. Our results showed that the nanostructured scaffolds exhibited higher degradation rate by macrophages than casted scaffolds (6 and 2.5% of degradation for nanostructured and casted scaffolds, respectively), a degradation rate compatible with bone regeneration times. We also demonstrated that the β-ketonitrile tautomeric based scaffolds supported osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation without cytotoxic effects, suggesting that these biomaterials could be useful in the bone tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Lastra
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP (1900), 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Silvina Molinuevo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP (1900), 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata, CC16 suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Laboratorio de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (LADECOR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia E Allegretti
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (LADECOR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Susana Cortizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata, CC16 suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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33
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Burnstock G, Boeynaems JM. Purinergic signalling and immune cells. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:529-64. [PMID: 25352330 PMCID: PMC4272370 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current understanding. It is now recognised that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and other nucleotides are released from cells following stress or injury. They can act on virtually all subsets of immune cells through a spectrum of P2X ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Furthermore, ATP is rapidly degraded into adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, and adenosine exerts additional regulatory effects through its own receptors. The resulting effect ranges from stimulation to tolerance depending on the amount and time courses of nucleotides released, and the balance between ATP and adenosine. This review identifies the various receptors involved in the different subsets of immune cells and their effects on the function of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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Rentsendorj O, D'Alessio FR, Pearse DB. Phosphodiesterase 2A is a major negative regulator of iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse alveolar macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:907-15. [PMID: 25063878 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0314-152r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PDE2A is a dual-function PDE that is stimulated by cGMP to hydrolyze cAMP preferentially. In a two-hit model of ALI, we found previously that PDE2A decreased lung cAMP, up-regulated lung iNOS, and exacerbated ALI. Recent data suggest that macrophage iNOS expression contributes to ALI but later, promotes lung-injury resolution. However, macrophage iNOS is increased by cAMP, suggesting that PDE2A could negatively regulate macrophage iNOS expression. To test this, we examined the effects of manipulating PDE2A expression and function on LPS-induced iNOS expression in a mouse AM cell line (MH-S) and primary mouse AMs. In MH-S cells, LPS (100 ng/ml) increased PDE2A expression by 15% at 15 min and 50% at 6 h before decreasing at 24 h and 48 h. iNOS expression appeared at 6 h and remained increased 48 h post-LPS. Compared with control Ad, Ad.PDE2A-shRNA enhanced LPS-induced iNOS expression further by fourfold, an effect mimicked by the PDE2A inhibitor BAY 60-7550. Adenoviral PDE2A overexpression or treatment with ANP decreased LPS-induced iNOS expression. ANP-induced inhibition of iNOS was lost by knocking down PDE2A and was not mimicked by 8-pCPT-cGMP, a cGMP analog that does not stimulate PDE2A activity. Finally, we found that in primary AMs from LPS-treated mice, PDE2A knockdown also increased iNOS expression, consistent with the MH-S cell data. We conclude that increased AM PDE2A is an important negative regulator of macrophage iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otgonchimeg Rentsendorj
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Franco R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David B Pearse
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Desoxyrhapontigenin, a potent anti-inflammatory phytochemical, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppressing NF-κB and MAPK pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:182-90. [PMID: 24295651 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of a stilbene compound, desoxyrhapontigenin, which was isolated from Rheum undulatum. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of this compound, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of six stilbene derivatives. The results indicated that compared with other stilbene compounds, desoxyrhapontigenin (at 10, 30 and 50μM concentrations) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of desoxyrhapontigenin was investigated in detail. The results of this investigation demonstrated that desoxyrhapontigenin suppressed not only LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions, including the secretions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but also PGE2 release. As assayed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), desoxyrhapontigenin also produced the dose-dependent inhibition of the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Moreover, desoxyrhapontigenin inhibited the protein expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), IκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation and the degradation of IκBα. Activations of p-JNK1 and p-Akt were also significantly inhibited, and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK was down-regulated. A further study revealed that desoxyrhapontigenin (5 and 25mg/kg, i.p.) reduced paw swelling in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model in vivo. On the whole, these results indicate that desoxyrhapontigenin showed anti-inflammatory properties by the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression via the down-regulation of the MAPK signaling pathways and the inhibition of NF-κB and Akt activation.
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36
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Li Z, Hu J, Sun M, Song X, Li G, Liu Y, Li G, Ji H, Liu G, Chen N. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of IMMLG5521, a coumarin derivative. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:400-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sali A, Many GM, Gordish-Dressman H, van der Meulen JH, Phadke A, Spurney CF, Cnaan A, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. The proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole improves the skeletal phenotype in dystrophin deficient mdx mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66617. [PMID: 23843959 PMCID: PMC3699610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), loss of the membrane stabilizing protein dystrophin results in myofiber damage. Microinjury to dystrophic myofibers also causes secondary imbalances in sarcolemmic ion permeability and resting membrane potential, which modifies excitation-contraction coupling and increases proinflammatory/apoptotic signaling cascades. Although glucocorticoids remain the standard of care for the treatment of DMD, there is a need to investigate the efficacy of other pharmacological agents targeting the involvement of imbalances in ion flux on dystrophic pathology. Methodology/Principal Findings We designed a preclinical trial to investigate the effects of lansoprazole (LANZO) administration, a proton pump inhibitor, on the dystrophic muscle phenotype in dystrophin deficient (mdx) mice. Eight to ten week-old female mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups (n = 12 per group): (1) vehicle control; (2) 5 mg/kg/day LANZO; (3) 5 mg/kg/day prednisolone; and (4) combined treatment of 5 mg/kg/day prednisolone (PRED) and 5 mg/kg/day LANZO. Treatment was administered orally 5 d/wk for 3 months. At the end of the study, behavioral (Digiscan) and functional outcomes (grip strength and Rotarod) were assessed prior to sacrifice. After sacrifice, body, tissue and organ masses, muscle histology, in vitro muscle force, and creatine kinase levels were measured. Mice in the combined treatment groups displayed significant reductions in the number of degenerating muscle fibers and number of inflammatory foci per muscle field relative to vehicle control. Additionally, mice in the combined treatment group displayed less of a decline in normalized forelimb and hindlimb grip strength and declines in in vitro EDL force after repeated eccentric contractions. Conclusions/Significance Together our findings suggest that combined treatment of LANZO and prednisolone attenuates some components of dystrophic pathology in mdx mice. Our findings warrant future investigation of the clinical efficacy of LANZO and prednisolone combined treatment regimens in dystrophic pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Synergism
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Lansoprazole/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Strength/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Prednisolone/pharmacology
- Proton Pump Inhibitors/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Sali
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Gina M. Many
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jack H. van der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Aditi Phadke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Spurney
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Avital Cnaan
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tanaka H, Tanabe N, Kawato T, Nakai K, Kariya T, Matsumoto S, Zhao N, Motohashi M, Maeno M. Nicotine affects bone resorption and suppresses the expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9 and vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase d2 and actin organization in osteoclasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59402. [PMID: 23555029 PMCID: PMC3598738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for the development of several cancers, osteoporosis, and inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. Nicotine is one of the major components of tobacco. In previous study, we showed that nicotine inhibits mineralized nodule formation by osteoblasts, and the culture medium from osteoblasts containing nicotine and lipopolysaccharide increases osteoclast differentiation. However, the direct effect of nicotine on the differentiation and function of osteoclasts is poorly understood. Thus, we examined the direct effects of nicotine on the expression of nicotine receptors and bone resorption-related enzymes, mineral resorption, actin organization, and bone resorption using RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow cells as osteoclast precursors. Cells were cultured with 10(-5), 10(-4), or 10(-3) M nicotine and/or 50 µM α-bungarotoxin (btx), an 7 nicotine receptor antagonist, in differentiation medium containing the soluble RANKL for up 7 days. 1-5, 7, 9, and 10 nicotine receptors were expressed on RAW264.7 cells. The expression of 7 nicotine receptor was increased by the addition of nicotine. Nicotine suppressed the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinuclear osteoclasts with large nuclei(≥10 nuclei), and decreased the planar area of each cell. Nicotine decreased expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9, and V-ATPase d2. Btx inhibited nicotine effects. Nicotine increased CA II expression although decreased the expression of V-ATPase d2 and the distribution of F-actin. Nicotine suppressed the planar area of resorption pit by osteoclasts, but did not affect mineral resorption. These results suggest that nicotine increased the number of osteoclasts with small nuclei, but suppressed the number of osteoclasts with large nuclei. Moreover, nicotine reduced the planar area of resorption pit by suppressing the number of osteoclasts with large nuclei, V-ATPase d2, cathepsin K and MMP-9 expression and actin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakai
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kariya
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Masafumi Motohashi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Maeno
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Jia N, Li Y, Wu Y, Xi M, Hur G, Zhang X, Cui J, Sun W, Wen A. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. and Gentiana straminea Maxim., and identification of their active constituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:638-45. [PMID: 23063959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tibetan medicine get used to use the flowers of Gentiana straminea Maxim. to cure inflammation of stomach and intestines, hepatitis, cholecystitis, etc. The flowers of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. have been traditionally treated as an anti-inflammatory agent to clear heat in Mongolian medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, Gentiana macrophylla Pall. and Gentiana straminea Maxim. have also been used under the name "Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix" and prescribed for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions. AIM OF STUDY The present study evaluated the pharmacological effects of two species of "Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae" in experimental inflammation and pain models, and determined the chemical compounds that may correlate with their pharmacological activities. The comparison is needed to identify whether the two related plants can be used interchangeably. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the pharmacological effects of the flowers of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. and Gentiana straminea Maxim. in experimental inflammation and pain models. An HPLC-MS method was developed to analyze the chemical composition. The effects of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. and Gentiana straminea Maxim. on the p65 and p50 phosphorylation were examined by immunblotting. NF-κB transcriptional activity was measured using the luciferase assay, in vitro kinase assay and Griess reaction. RESULTS The extracts of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. and Gentiana straminea Maxim. possessed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Flavonoids, secoiridoid glycosides and triterpines were determined in the extracts and may be the basis of the observed pharmacological effects. Nuclear translocation of p65, p50 and NF-κB transcriptional activity induced by LPS were suppressed by Gentiana macrophylla Pall. and Gentiana straminea Maxim. CONCLUSION The results clearly demonstrated that the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the two herbs were similar, which support the interchangeability among the two herbs when using them in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
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Choi RJ, Ngoc TM, Bae K, Cho HJ, Kim DD, Chun J, Khan S, Kim YS. Anti-inflammatory properties of anthraquinones and their relationship with the regulation of P-glycoprotein function and expression. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 48:272-81. [PMID: 23174748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in natural products that potentially have anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. In this report, we assessed the effects of anthraquinone derivatives from rhubarb on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages to determine their anti-inflammatory potential. The derivatives were also tested in Caco-2 cell lines to evaluate the inhibition of the drug efflux function of P-gp. The transport abilities were examined and the cellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 (R-123) was also measured. Electorphoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to check the activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding affinity. Five anthraquinones were tested to determine their inhibitory activities on NO production and the protein and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, the level of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was determined in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Emodin was found to be the most potent inhibitor, and it also reduced paw swelling in the mouse model of carrageenan-induced paw edema. In Caco-2 cells, emodin elevated the accumulation of R-123 and decreased the efflux ratio of R-123, which indicates the inhibition of P-gp function. The inhibition of COX-2 protein by emodin paralleled the decrease in P-gp expression. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression was decreased through the prevention of AP-1 DNA binding, which leads to downregulation in the expression of P-gp. Our data indicate that the decrease of P-gp expression is caused by the decreased expression of COX-2 through the MAPK/AP-1 pathway. Based on our results, we suggest that anti-inflammatory drugs with COX-2 inhibitory activity might be used to modulate P-gp function and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Joo Choi
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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41
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Osteoblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis via RANKL expression more strongly than periodontal ligament cells do in response to PGE2. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1377-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tsai SC, Liang YH, Chiang JH, Liu FC, Lin WH, Chang SJ, Lin WY, Wu CH, Weng JR. Anti-inflammatory effects of Calophyllum inophyllum L. in RAW264.7 cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1096-102. [PMID: 22735972 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calophyllum inophyllum L. has been used as folk medicine in the treatment of ocular burn and it has demonstrated potential to be an anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory activities of an acetone extract of C. inophyllum L. leaves (CIL). The CIL extract was tested on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells to evaluate the effect of CIL extract on the expression of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Results showed that the CIL extract markedly suppressed the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, as well as the expression of iNOS, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in a dose-dependent manner. LPS-induced microRNA (miR)-146a expression was inhibited by CIL extract, while miR-155 and miR-424 expression was not affected as demonstrated using quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Taken together, these observations show that CIL extract has anti-inflammatory effect, which extends the potential application for prevention of inflammatory diseases, and its mechanism may be partially associated with blocking COX-2 and iNOS of RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
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Marques-da-Silva C, Chaves MM, Castro NG, Coutinho-Silva R, Guimaraes MZP. Colchicine inhibits cationic dye uptake induced by ATP in P2X2 and P2X7 receptor-expressing cells: implications for its therapeutic action. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:912-26. [PMID: 21306580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The two longest C-termini of the purinergic P2X receptors occur in the P2X2 and P2X7 receptors and are thought to interact with multiple cytoplasmic proteins, among which are members of the cytoskeleton, including microtubules. In this work we asked whether disrupting the microtubule cytoskeleton might affect the functions of these receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Functions of heterologously expressed P2X2 and P2X7 receptors were evaluated with electrophysiology and dye uptake following ATP application. Permeabilization and secretion of pro-inflammatory agents were quantified from fresh or cultured peritoneal mouse macrophages, treated in vitro or in vivo with colchicine. KEY RESULTS Disrupting the microtubule network with colchicine did not affect currents generated by ATP in P2X2 and P2X7 receptor-expressing cells but inhibited uptake of the dye Yo-Pro-1 in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 cells expressing these channels. Peritoneal mouse macrophages showed less ATP-induced permeabilization to ethidium bromide in the presence of colchicine, and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-1β release. Colchicine treatment did not affect ATP-evoked currents in macrophages. Finally, in vivo assays with mice inoculated with lipopolysaccharide and ATP showed diminished ROS, IL-1β, interferon-γ and NO production after colchicine treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Colchicine has known anti-inflammatory actions and is used to treat several conditions involving innate immunity, including gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Here we propose a new mechanism of action - inhibition of pore formation induced by activation of P2X receptors - which could explain some of the anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marques-da-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Choi IS, Han JY, Jeong HS, Han SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of a tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction product, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal on amyloid-β generation and inflammatory reactions via inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:132. [PMID: 21982455 PMCID: PMC3207974 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloidogenesis is linked to neuroinflammation. The tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction product, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal, possesses anti-inflammatory properties in cultured macrophages, and in an arthritis animal model. Because astrocytes and microglia are responsible for amyloidogenesis and inflammatory reactions in the brain, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. METHODS Cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h, in the presence (1, 2, 5 μM) or absence of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal, and harvested. We performed molecular biological analyses to determine the levels of inflammatory and amyloid-related proteins and molecules, cytokines, Aβ, and secretases activity. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) DNA binding activity was determined using gel mobility shift assays. RESULTS We found that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (1, 2, 5 μM) suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as the production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS (1 μg/ml)-stimulated astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. Further, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibited the transcriptional and DNA binding activity of NF-κB--a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis via inhibition of IκB degradation as well as nuclear translocation of p50 and p65. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on inflammatory reactions, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibited LPS-elevated Aβ42 levels through attenuation of β- and γ-secretase activities. Moreover, studies using signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA and a pharmacological inhibitor showed that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibits LPS-induced activation of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibits neuroinflammatory reactions and amyloidogenesis through inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation, and suggest that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal may be useful for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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Furuno Y, Morishita T, Toyohira Y, Yamada S, Ueno S, Morisada N, Sugita K, Noguchi K, Sakanashi M, Miyata H, Tanimoto A, Sasaguri Y, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y, Yanagihara N, Tamura M, Tsutsui M. Crucial vasculoprotective role of the whole nitric oxide synthase system in vascular lesion formation in mice: Involvement of bone marrow-derived cells. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:350-9. [PMID: 21767657 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although all three nitric oxide (NO) synthases (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS) are expressed in injured arteries, it remains to be elucidated the role of the NOSs in their entirety in the vascular lesion formation. We addressed this issue in mice deficient in all NOS genes. Vascular injury was induced by permanent ligation of a unilateral carotid artery in wild-type (WT), singly, and triply NOS(-/-) mice. Two weeks after the procedure, constrictive vascular remodeling and neointimal formation were recognized in the ligated arteries. While constrictive remodeling was noted in the nNOS(-/-) and iNOS(-/-) genotypes, it was most accelerated in the n/i/eNOS(-/-) genotype. While neointimal formation was evident in the eNOS(-/-) and nNOS(-/-) genotypes, it was also most aggravated in the n/i/eNOS(-/-) genotype. Those lesions were reversed by long-term treatment with isosorbide dinitrate, a NO donor. Finally, we examined the involvement of bone marrow-derived cells in the vascular lesion formation. Bone marrow from the WT, singly, or triply NOS(-/-) mice was transplanted into the WT mice, and then the carotid ligation was performed. Intriguingly, constrictive remodeling and neointimal formation were both similarly most exacerbated in the case of the n/i/eNOS(-/-) bone marrow transplantation. These results indicate that the complete disruption of all the NOS genes causes markedly accelerated vascular lesion formation caused by blood flow disruption in mice in vivo, demonstrating the crucial vasculoprotective role of the whole endogenous NOS system. Our findings also suggest that the NOS system in bone marrow-derived cells may be involved in this vasculoprotective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Furuno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Choi RJ, Shin EM, Jung HA, Choi JS, Kim YS. Inhibitory effects of kaurenoic acid from Aralia continentalis on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:677-682. [PMID: 21211951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of a diterpenoid, kaurenoic acid, isolated from the root of Aralia continentalis (Araliaceae). To determine its anti-inflammatory effects, LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of kaurenoic acid and carrageenan-induced paw edema mice model was used in vivo. Kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid) dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression at micromolar concentrations in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages with IC(50) (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) values of 51.73 (±2.42) μM and 106.09 (±0.27) μM in NO production and PGE(2) release, respectively. Kaurenoic acid also dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB as assayed by electrophorectic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and it almost abolished NF-κB DNA binding affinity at 100μM. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of kaurenoic acid was examined in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Eight ICR mice in each group were injected with carrageenan and observed hourly, compared with the control group. Kaurenoic acid dose-dependently reduced paw swelling up to 34.4% at 5h after induction, demonstrating inhibition in an acute inflammation model. Taken together, our data suggest that kaurenoic acid, a major diterpenoid from the root of A. continentalis shows anti-inflammatory activity and the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression might be one of the mechanisms responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Joo Choi
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang HL, Zhang WH, Lei WF, Zhou CQ, Ye T. The Inhibitory Effect of Lidocaine on the Release of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Anesth Analg 2011; 112:839-44. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31820dca9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Asmat TM, Agarwal V, Räth S, Hildebrandt JP, Hammerschmidt S. Streptococcus pneumoniae infection of host epithelial cells via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor transiently induces calcium release from intracellular stores. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17861-9. [PMID: 21454571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.212225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) is a major adhesin of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) that interacts in a human-specific manner with the ectodomain of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) produced by respiratory epithelial cells. This interaction promotes bacterial colonization and bacterial internalization by initiating host signal transduction cascades. Here, we examined alterations of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) levels in epithelial cells during host cell infections with pneumococci via the PspC-hpIgR mechanism. The release of [Ca(2+)](i) from intracellular stores in host cells was significantly increased by wild-type pneumococci but not by PspC-deficient pneumococci. The increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was dependent on phospholipase C as pretreatment of cells with a phospholipase C-specific inhibitor U73122 abolished the increase in [Ca(2+)](i). In addition, we demonstrated the effect of [Ca(2+)](i) on pneumococcal internalization by epithelial cells. Uptake of pneumococci was significantly increased after pretreatment of epithelial cells with the cell-permeable calcium chelator 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-tetraacetoxymethyl ester or use of EGTA as an extracellular Ca(2+)-chelating agent. In contrast, thapsigargin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase, which increases [Ca(2+)](i) in a sustained fashion, significantly reduced pIgR-mediated pneumococcal invasion. Importantly, pneumococcal adherence to pIgR-expressing cells was not altered in the presence of inhibitors as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that pneumococcal infections induce mobilization of [Ca(2+)](i) from intracellular stores. This may constitute a defense response of host cells as the experimental reduction of intracellular calcium levels facilitates pneumococcal internalization by pIgR-expressing cells, whereas elevated calcium levels diminished bacterial internalization by host epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef M Asmat
- Department of Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Zhang F, Tanaka H, Kawato T, Kitami S, Nakai K, Motohashi M, Suzuki N, Wang CL, Ochiai K, Isokawa K. Interleukin-17A induces cathepsin K and MMP-9 expression in osteoclasts via celecoxib-blocked prostaglandin E2 in osteoblasts. Biochimie 2011; 93:296-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang F, Wang CL, Koyama Y, Mitsui N, Shionome C, Sanuki R, Suzuki N, Mayahara K, Shimizu N, Maeno M. Compressive force stimulates the gene expression of IL-17s and their receptors in MC3T3-E1 cells. Connect Tissue Res 2010; 51:359-69. [PMID: 20497006 DOI: 10.3109/03008200903456942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement, cytokines released from periodontal ligament fibroblasts and alveolar bone osteoblasts can alter the process of bone remodeling. Recently, interleukin-17 (IL-17) was found to stimulate osteoclastic resorption through osteoblasts by inducing receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression. However, the relationship between mechanical stress and IL-17 production by osteoblasts is not clear. Therefore, we examined the effect of compressive force on the expressions of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, IL-17F, and their receptors (IL-17RA, IL-17RB, IL-17RC, IL-17RD, and IL-17RE) using MC3T3-E1 cells as osteoblast-like cells. We also examined the effect of IL-17A on the expression of IL-17Rs, RANKL, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The cells were cultured with or without continuous compressive force (1.0 and 2.0 g/cm(2)) for up to 24 hr. The cells were also cultured with or without IL-17A (0.1, 1.0, or 10 ng/ml) for up to 72 hr. The mRNA expressions of IL-17s and their receptors were estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of IL-17s and their receptors increased depending on the compressive force. The addition of IL-17A increased the expression of IL-17RA, IL-17RB, IL-17RC, IL-17RE, RANKL, and M-CSF, whereas it decreased OPG expression. These results indicate that compressive force induces the expression of IL-17s and their receptors in osteoblast-like cells and that IL-17s and their receptors produced in response to compressive force may affect osteoclastogenesis through the expression of RANKL, M-CSF, and OPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong University School of Dentistry, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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