1
|
Pasala C, Sharma S, Roychowdhury T, Moroni E, Colombo G, Chiosis G. N-Glycosylation as a Modulator of Protein Conformation and Assembly in Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:282. [PMID: 38540703 PMCID: PMC10968129 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, a prevalent post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in regulating intricate cellular processes by covalently attaching glycans to macromolecules. Dysregulated glycosylation is linked to a spectrum of diseases, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, congenital disorders, infections, and inflammation. This review delves into the intricate interplay between glycosylation and protein conformation, with a specific focus on the profound impact of N-glycans on the selection of distinct protein conformations characterized by distinct interactomes-namely, protein assemblies-under normal and pathological conditions across various diseases. We begin by examining the spike protein of the SARS virus, illustrating how N-glycans regulate the infectivity of pathogenic agents. Subsequently, we utilize the prion protein and the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 as examples, exploring instances where N-glycosylation transforms physiological protein structures into disease-associated forms. Unraveling these connections provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and a deeper comprehension of the molecular intricacies that underlie disease conditions. This exploration of glycosylation's influence on protein conformation effectively bridges the gap between the glycome and disease, offering a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic implications of targeting conformational mutants and their pathologic assemblies in various diseases. The goal is to unravel the nuances of these post-translational modifications, shedding light on how they contribute to the intricate interplay between protein conformation, assembly, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pugh KW, Alnaed M, Brackett CM, Blagg BSJ. The biology and inhibition of glucose-regulated protein 94/gp96. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2007-2024. [PMID: 35861260 PMCID: PMC10003671 DOI: 10.1002/med.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disease. Grp94 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones and is a master regulator of ER homeostasis due to its ability to fold and stabilize proteins/receptors, and to chaperone misfolded proteins for degradation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Grp94 knockdown or inhibition leads to the degradation of client protein substrates, which leads to disruption of disease-dependent signaling pathways. As a result, small molecule inhibitors of Grp94 have become a promising therapeutic approach to target a variety of disease states. Specifically, Grp94 has proven to be a promising target for cancer, glaucoma, immune-mediated inflammation, and viral infection. Moreover, Grp94-peptide complexes have been utilized effectively as adjuvants for vaccines against a variety of disease states. This work highlights the significance of Grp94 biology and the development of therapeutics that target this molecular chaperone in multiple disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyler W. Pugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Marim Alnaed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhatia S, Spanier L, Bickel D, Dienstbier N, Woloschin V, Vogt M, Pols H, Lungerich B, Reiners J, Aghaallaei N, Diedrich D, Frieg B, Schliehe-Diecks J, Bopp B, Lang F, Gopalswamy M, Loschwitz J, Bajohgli B, Skokowa J, Borkhardt A, Hauer J, Hansen FK, Smits SHJ, Jose J, Gohlke H, Kurz T. Development of a First-in-Class Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the C-Terminal Hsp90 Dimerization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:636-655. [PMID: 35647282 PMCID: PMC9136973 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90) are promising therapeutic targets due to their involvement in stabilizing several aberrantly expressed oncoproteins. In cancerous cells, Hsp90 expression is elevated, thereby exerting antiapoptotic effects, which is essential for the malignant transformation and tumor progression. Most of the Hsp90 inhibitors (Hsp90i) under investigation target the ATP binding site in the N-terminal domain of Hsp90. However, adverse effects, including induction of the prosurvival resistance mechanism (heat shock response or HSR) and associated dose-limiting toxicity, have so far precluded their clinical approval. In contrast, modulators that interfere with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Hsp90 do not inflict HSR. Since the CTD dimerization of Hsp90 is essential for its chaperone activity, interfering with the dimerization process by small-molecule protein-protein interaction inhibitors is a promising strategy for anticancer drug research. We have developed a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor (5b) targeting the Hsp90 CTD dimerization interface, based on a tripyrimidonamide scaffold through structure-based molecular design, chemical synthesis, binding mode model prediction, assessment of the biochemical affinity, and efficacy against therapy-resistant leukemia cells. 5b reduces xenotransplantation of leukemia cells in zebrafish models and induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL1+ (T315I) tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant leukemia cells, without inducing HSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanil Bhatia
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Phone: (+49) 211 81 04896.
| | - Lukas Spanier
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - David Bickel
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Niklas Dienstbier
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Vitalij Woloschin
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Melina Vogt
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Henrik Pols
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Beate Lungerich
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jens Reiners
- Center
for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Narges Aghaallaei
- Department
of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Daniela Diedrich
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Benedikt Frieg
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- John
von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing
Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7:
Structural Biochemistry) & Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4:
Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Bertan Bopp
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Franziska Lang
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mohanraj Gopalswamy
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loschwitz
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Baubak Bajohgli
- Department
of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department
of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department
of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden 01307, Germany
- Partner
Site Dresden, National Center for Tumor
Diseases (NCT), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Pharmaceutical
and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Institute University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Center
for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- John
von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing
Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7:
Structural Biochemistry) & Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4:
Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
- Phone: (+49)
211 81 13662.
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Phone: (+49)
211 81 14984.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luan H, Bailey TA, Clubb RJ, Mohapatra BC, Bhat AM, Chakraborty S, Islam N, Mushtaq I, Storck MD, Raja SM, Band V, Band H. CHIP/STUB1 Ubiquitin Ligase Functions as a Negative Regulator of ErbB2 by Promoting Its Early Post-Biosynthesis Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163936. [PMID: 34439093 PMCID: PMC8391510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overexpressed ErbB2/HER2 receptor drives up to a quarter of breast cancers. One aspect of ErbB2 biology that is poorly understood is how it reaches the cell surface following biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, the authors show that the CHIP (C-terminus of HSC70-Interacting protein)/STUB1 (STIP1-homologous U-Box containing protein 1) protein targets the newly synthesized ErbB2 for ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation in the ER and Golgi, identifying a novel mechanism that negatively regulates cell surface expression of ErbB2. These findings provide one explanation for frequent loss of CHIP expression is ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. The authors further show that ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells with low CHIP expression exhibit higher ER stress inducibility, and ER stress-inducing anticancer drug Bortezomib synergizes with ErbB2-targeted humanized antibody Trastuzumab to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. These new insights suggest that reduced CHIP expression may specify ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers suitable for combined treatment with Trastuzumab and ER stress inducing agents. Abstract Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family member ErbB2 (HER2) drives oncogenesis in up to 25% of invasive breast cancers. ErbB2 expression at the cell surface is required for oncogenesis but mechanisms that ensure the optimal cell surface display of overexpressed ErbB2 following its biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum are poorly understood. ErbB2 is dependent on continuous association with HSP90 molecular chaperone for its stability and function as an oncogenic driver. Here, we use knockdown and overexpression studies to show that the HSP90/HSC70-interacting negative co-chaperone CHIP (C-terminus of HSC70-Interacting protein)/STUB1 (STIP1-homologous U-Box containing protein 1) targets the newly synthesized, HSP90/HSC70-associated, ErbB2 for ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, thus identifying a novel mechanism that negatively regulates cell surface ErbB2 levels in breast cancer cells, consistent with frequent loss of CHIP expression previously reported in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells with low CHIP expression exhibited higher endoplasmic reticulum stress inducibility. Accordingly, the endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing anticancer drug Bortezomib combined with ErbB2-targeted humanized antibody Trastuzumab showed synergistic inhibition of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cell proliferation. Our findings reveal new insights into mechanisms that control the surface expression of overexpressed ErbB2 and suggest that reduced CHIP expression may specify ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers suitable for combined treatment with Trastuzumab and ER stress inducing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Tameka A. Bailey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Robert J. Clubb
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Bhopal C. Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Aaqib M. Bhat
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Sukanya Chakraborty
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Namista Islam
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Matthew D. Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Srikumar M. Raja
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Vimla Band
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (H.B.); Tel.: +1-402-559-8565 (V.B.); +1-402-559-8572 (H.B.)
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
- Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (H.B.); Tel.: +1-402-559-8565 (V.B.); +1-402-559-8572 (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan P, Patel HJ, Sharma S, Corben A, Wang T, Panchal P, Yang C, Sun W, Araujo TL, Rodina A, Joshi S, Robzyk K, Gandu S, White JR, de Stanchina E, Modi S, Janjigian YY, Hill EG, Liu B, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Que NLS, Li Z, Gewirth DT, Taldone T, Chiosis G. Molecular Stressors Engender Protein Connectivity Dysfunction through Aberrant N-Glycosylation of a Chaperone. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107840. [PMID: 32610141 PMCID: PMC7372946 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stresses associated with disease may pathologically remodel the proteome by both increasing interaction strength and altering interaction partners, resulting in proteome-wide connectivity dysfunctions. Chaperones play an important role in these alterations, but how these changes are executed remains largely unknown. Our study unveils a specific N-glycosylation pattern used by a chaperone, Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), to alter its conformational fitness and stabilize a state most permissive for stable interactions with proteins at the plasma membrane. This "protein assembly mutation' remodels protein networks and properties of the cell. We show in cells, human specimens, and mouse xenografts that proteome connectivity is restorable by inhibition of the N-glycosylated GRP94 variant. In summary, we provide biochemical evidence for stressor-induced chaperone-mediated protein mis-assemblies and demonstrate how these alterations are actionable in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hardik J Patel
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Currently at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tai Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Currently at Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weilin Sun
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thais L Araujo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenneth Robzyk
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Srinivasa Gandu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julie R White
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nanette L S Que
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Tony Taldone
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duan X, Iwanowycz S, Ngoi S, Hill M, Zhao Q, Liu B. Molecular Chaperone GRP94/GP96 in Cancers: Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629846. [PMID: 33898309 PMCID: PMC8062746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor development and progression, intrinsic and extrinsic factors trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, resulting in the increased expression of molecular chaperones to cope with the stress and maintain tumor cell survival. Heat shock protein (HSP) GRP94, also known as GP96, is an ER paralog of HSP90 and has been shown to promote survival signaling during tumor-induced stress and modulate the immune response through its multiple clients, including TLRs, integrins, LRP6, GARP, IGF, and HER2. Clinically, elevated expression of GRP94 correlates with an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcome in a variety of cancers. Thus, GRP94 is a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in malignancies. In this review, we will undergo deep molecular profiling of GRP94 in tumor development and summarize the individual roles of GRP94 in common cancers, including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, and others. Finally, we will briefly review the therapeutic potential of selectively targeting GRP94 for the treatment of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Soo Ngoi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Megan Hill
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakafana G, Shonhai A. The Role of Non-Canonical Hsp70s (Hsp110/Grp170) in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:254. [PMID: 33525518 PMCID: PMC7911927 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancers account for over 16% of all global deaths annually, at present, no reliable therapies exist for most types of the disease. As protein folding facilitators, heat shock proteins (Hsps) play an important role in cancer development. Not surprisingly, Hsps are among leading anticancer drug targets. Generally, Hsp70s are divided into two main subtypes: canonical Hsp70 (Escherichia coli Hsp70/DnaK homologues) and the non-canonical (Hsp110 and Grp170) members. These two main Hsp70 groups are delineated from each other by distinct structural and functional specifications. Non-canonical Hsp70s are considered as holdase chaperones, while canonical Hsp70s are refoldases. This unique characteristic feature is mirrored by the distinct structural features of these two groups of chaperones. Hsp110/Grp170 members are larger as they possess an extended acidic insertion in their substrate binding domains. While the role of canonical Hsp70s in cancer has received a fair share of attention, the roles of non-canonical Hsp70s in cancer development has received less attention in comparison. In the current review, we discuss the structure-function features of non-canonical Hsp70s members and how these features impact their role in cancer development. We further mapped out their interactome and discussed the prospects of targeting these proteins in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Membrane-Associated Heat Shock Proteins in Oncology: From Basic Research to New Theranostic Targets. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051263. [PMID: 32443761 PMCID: PMC7290778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of conserved proteins acting as molecular chaperones that play a key role in intracellular protein homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, and protection from various stress factors (including hypoxia, thermal stress, oxidative stress). Apart from their intracellular localization, members of different HSP families such as small HSPs, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 have been found to be localized on the plasma membrane of malignantly transformed cells. In the current article, the role of membrane-associated molecular chaperones in normal and tumor cells is comprehensively reviewed with implications of these proteins as plausible targets for cancer therapy and diagnostics.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pechalrieu D, Assemat F, Halby L, Marcellin M, Yan P, Chaoui K, Sharma S, Chiosis G, Burlet-Schiltz O, Arimondo PB, Lopez M. Bisubstrate-Type Chemical Probes Identify GRP94 as a Potential Target of Cytosine-Containing Adenosine Analogs. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:952-961. [PMID: 32191434 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized affinity-based chemical probes of cytosine-adenosine bisubstrate analogs and identified several potential targets by proteomic analysis. The validation of the proteomic analysis identified the chemical probe as a specific inhibitor of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), a potential drug target for several types of cancers. Therefore, as a result of the use of bisubstrate-type chemical probes and a chemical-biology methodology, this work opens the way to the development of a new family of GRP94 inhibitors that could potentially be of therapeutic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Pechalrieu
- ETaC, CNRS FRE3600, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Assemat
- ETaC, CNRS FRE3600, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Halby
- ETaC, CNRS FRE3600, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
- EpiCBio, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR no. 3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marlene Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Karima Chaoui
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Paola B. Arimondo
- ETaC, CNRS FRE3600, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
- EpiCBio, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR no. 3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- ETaC, CNRS FRE3600, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM UMR 5247, 240 Avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagasawa I, Muroi M, Kawatani M, Ohishi T, Ohba SI, Kawada M, Osada H. Identification of a Small Compound Targeting PKM2-Regulated Signaling Using 2D Gel Electrophoresis-Based Proteome-wide CETSA. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:186-196.e4. [PMID: 31813846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) has recently been devised as a label-free method for target validation of small compounds and monitoring the thermal stabilization or destabilization of proteins due to binding with the compound. Herein, we developed a modified method by combining the CETSA and proteomics analysis based on 2D gel electrophoresis, namely 2DE-CETSA, to identify the thermal stability-shifted proteins by binding with a new compound. We applied the 2DE-CETSA for analysis of a target-unknown compound, NPD10084, which exerts anti-proliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and identified pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) as a candidate target protein. Interestingly, NPD10084 interrupted protein-protein interactions between PKM2 and β-catenin or STAT3, with subsequent suppression of downstream signaling. We thus demonstrate that our 2DE-CETSA method is applicable for identification of target compounds discovered by phenotypic screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Nagasawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Muroi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoter A, El-Sabban ME, Naim HY. The HSP90 Family: Structure, Regulation, Function, and Implications in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2560. [PMID: 30158430 PMCID: PMC6164434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian HSP90 family of proteins is a cluster of highly conserved molecules that are involved in myriad cellular processes. Their distribution in various cellular compartments underlines their essential roles in cellular homeostasis. HSP90 and its co-chaperones orchestrate crucial physiological processes such as cell survival, cell cycle control, hormone signaling, and apoptosis. Conversely, HSP90, and its secreted forms, contribute to the development and progress of serious pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting HSP90 is an attractive strategy for the treatment of neoplasms and other diseases. This manuscript will review the general structure, regulation and function of HSP90 family and their potential role in pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hoter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany.
| | - Marwan E El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Z, Zhou L, Prodromou C, Savic V, Pearl LH. HECTD3 Mediates an HSP90-Dependent Degradation Pathway for Protein Kinase Clients. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 28636940 PMCID: PMC5489699 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the ATPase cycle of the HSP90 chaperone promotes ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of its client proteins, which include many oncogenic protein kinases. This provides the rationale for HSP90 inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. However, the mechanism by which HSP90 ATPase inhibition triggers ubiquitylation is not understood, and the E3 ubiquitin ligases involved are largely unknown. Using a siRNA screen, we have identified components of two independent degradation pathways for the HSP90 client kinase CRAF. The first requires CUL5, Elongin B, and Elongin C, while the second requires the E3 ligase HECTD3, which is also involved in the degradation of MASTL and LKB1. HECTD3 associates with HSP90 and CRAF in cells via its N-terminal DOC domain, which is mutationally disrupted in tumor cells with activated MAP kinase signaling. Our data implicate HECTD3 as a tumor suppressor modulating the activity of this important oncogenic signaling pathway. siRNA screen identifies factors regulating HSP90-directed client degradation HECTD3 promotes CRAF degradation after HSP90 ATPase inhibition HECTD3 interacts with HSP90-CDC37-CRAF via its DOC domain CRAF-dependent tumor cells downregulate HECTD3 E3 ligase activity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Li
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Chrisostomos Prodromou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Velibor Savic
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Laurence H Pearl
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsp90 Inhibition Reduces TLR5 Surface Expression and NF- κB Activation in Human Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4319369. [PMID: 29651431 PMCID: PMC5832108 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4319369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumors highly express active heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which is involved in tumor survival and progression. Enhanced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 expression and signaling were reported to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia. In the present study, we investigated the possible modulatory effects of Hsp90 inhibitors on TLR5 expression and signaling in the human myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) or the Hsp70 inhibitor VER155008, followed by stimulation with bacterial flagellin. Flagellin-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was significantly reduced by treatment with GA or VER155008. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of this effect, mRNA and cell surface expression of TLR5 was examined. TLR5 mRNA expression was enhanced by both GA and VER155008, whereas cell surface expression of TLR5 was reduced by three different Hsp90 inhibitors, including GA, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, and radicicol, and an Hsp70 inhibitor. The inhibitory effect of Hsp90 inhibitors was much higher than that of Hsp70 inhibitor. Our results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors suppress TLR5 surface expression and activation of NF-κB in THP-1 cells in response to TLR5 ligand, and these inhibitory effects may be associated with the possible mechanisms by which Hsp90 inhibitors suppress myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
|
14
|
Verba KA, Agard DA. How Hsp90 and Cdc37 Lubricate Kinase Molecular Switches. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:799-811. [PMID: 28784328 PMCID: PMC5621984 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hsp90/Cdc37 chaperone system interacts with and supports 60% of the human kinome. Not only are Hsp90 and Cdc37 generally required for initial folding, but many kinases rely on the Hsp90/Cdc37 throughout their lifetimes. A large fraction of these 'client' kinases are key oncoproteins, and their interactions with the Hsp90/Cdc37 machinery are crucial for both their normal and malignant activity. Recently, advances in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and biochemical strategies have provided the first key molecular insights into kinase-chaperone interactions. The surprising results suggest a re-evaluation of the role of chaperones in the kinase lifecycle, and suggest that such interactions potentially allow kinases to more rapidly respond to key signals while simultaneously protecting unstable kinases from degradation and suppressing unwanted basal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kliment A Verba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ansa-Addo EA, Thaxton J, Hong F, Wu BX, Zhang Y, Fugle CW, Metelli A, Riesenberg B, Williams K, Gewirth DT, Chiosis G, Liu B, Li Z. Clients and Oncogenic Roles of Molecular Chaperone gp96/grp94. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 16:2765-78. [PMID: 27072698 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666160413141613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As an endoplasmic reticulum heat shock protein (HSP) 90 paralogue, glycoprotein (gp) 96 possesses immunological properties by chaperoning antigenic peptides for activation of T cells. Genetic studies in the last decade have unveiled that gp96 is also an essential master chaperone for multiple receptors and secreting proteins including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), integrins, the Wnt coreceptor, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 (LRP6), the latent TGFβ docking receptor, Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP), Glycoprotein (GP) Ib and insulin-like growth factors (IGF). Clinically, elevated expression of gp96 in a variety of cancers correlates with the advanced stage and poor survival of cancer patients. Recent preclinical studies have also uncovered that gp96 expression is closely linked to cancer progression in multiple myeloma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Thus, gp96 is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The chaperone function of gp96 depends on its ATPase domain, which is structurally distinct from other HSP90 members, and thus favors the design of highly selective gp96-targeted inhibitors against cancer. We herein discuss the strategically important oncogenic clients of gp96 and their underlying biology. The roles of cell-intrinsic gp96 in T cell biology are also discussed, in part because it offers another opportunity of cancer therapy by manipulating levels of gp96 in T cells to enhance host immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29466, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu S, Street TO. 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine is not a paralog-specific Hsp90 inhibitor. Protein Sci 2016; 25:2209-2215. [PMID: 27667530 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 facilitates the folding and modulates activation of diverse substrate proteins. Unlike other heat shock proteins such as Hsp60 and Hsp70, Hsp90 plays critical regulatory roles by maintaining active states of kinases, many of which are overactive in cancer cells. Four Hsp90 paralogs are expressed in eukaryotic cells: Hsp90α/β (in the cytosol), Grp94 (in the endoplasmic reticulum), Trap1 (in mitochondria). Although numerous Hsp90 inhibitors are being tested in cancer clinical trials, little is known about why different Hsp90 inhibitors show specificity among Hsp90 paralogs. The paralog specificity of Hsp90 inhibitors is likely fundamental to inhibitor efficacy and side effects. In hopes of gaining insight into this issue we examined NECA (5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine), which has been claimed to be an example of a highly specific ligand that binds to one paralog, Grp94, but not cytosolic Hsp90. To our surprise we find that NECA inhibits many different Hsp90 proteins (Grp94, Hsp90α, Trap1, yeast Hsp82, bacterial HtpG). NMR experiments demonstrate that NECA can bind to the N-terminal domains of Grp94 and Hsp82. We use ATPase competition experiments to quantify the inhibitory power of NECA for different Hsp90 proteins. This scale: Hsp82 > Hsp90α > HtpG ≈ Grp94 > Trap1, ranks Grp94 as less sensitive to NECA inhibition. Because NECA is primarily used as an adenosine receptor agonist, our results also suggest that cell biological experiments utilizing NECA may have confounding effects from cytosolic Hsp90 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454
| | - Timothy O Street
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mitra S, Ghosh B, Gayen N, Roy J, Mandal AK. Bipartite Role of Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Keeps CRAF Kinase Poised for Activation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24579-24593. [PMID: 27703006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CRAF kinase maintains cell viability, growth, and proliferation by participating in the MAPK pathway. Unlike BRAF, CRAF requires continuous chaperoning by Hsp90 to retain MAPK signaling. However, the reason behind the continuous association of Hsp90 with CRAF is still elusive. In this study, we have identified the bipartite role of Hsp90 in chaperoning CRAF kinase. Hsp90 facilitates Ser-621 phosphorylation of CRAF and prevents the kinase from degradation. Co-chaperone Cdc37 assists in this phosphorylation event. However, after folding, the stability of the kinase becomes insensitive to Hsp90 inhibition, although the physical association between Hsp90 and CRAF remains intact. We observed that overexpression of Hsp90 stimulates MAPK signaling by activating CRAF. The interaction between Hsp90 and CRAF is substantially increased under an elevated level of cellular Hsp90 and in the presence of either active Ras (RasV12) or EGF. Surprisingly, enhanced binding of Hsp90 to CRAF occurs prior to the Ras-CRAF association and facilitates actin recruitment to CRAF for efficient Ras-CRAF interaction, which is independent of the ATPase activity of Hsp90. However, monomeric CRAF (CRAFR401H) shows abrogated interaction with both Hsp90 and actin, thereby affecting Hsp90-dependent CRAF activation. This finding suggests that stringent assemblage of Hsp90 keeps CRAF kinase equipped for participating in the MAPK pathway. Thus, the role of Hsp90 in CRAF maturation and activation acts as a limiting factor to maintain the function of a strong client like CRAF kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Mitra
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Baijayanti Ghosh
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Nilanjan Gayen
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Joydeep Roy
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Atin K Mandal
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Verma S, Goyal S, Jamal S, Singh A, Grover A. Hsp90: Friends, clients and natural foes. Biochimie 2016; 127:227-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Pearl LH. Review: The HSP90 molecular chaperone-an enigmatic ATPase. Biopolymers 2016; 105:594-607. [PMID: 26991466 PMCID: PMC4879513 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The HSP90 molecular chaperone is involved in the activation and cellular stabilization of a range of 'client' proteins, of which oncogenic protein kinases and nuclear steroid hormone receptors are of particular biomedical significance. Work over the last two decades has revealed a conformational cycle critical to the biological function of HSP90, coupled to an inherent ATPase activity that is regulated and manipulated by many of the co-chaperones proteins with which it collaborates. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 ATPase activity results in degradation of client proteins in vivo, and is a promising target for development of new cancer therapeutics. Despite this, the actual function that HSP90s conformationally-coupled ATPase activity provides in its biological role as a molecular chaperone remains obscure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 594-607, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence H Pearl
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Septin oligomerization regulates persistent expression of ErbB2/HER2 in gastric cancer cells. Biochem J 2016; 473:1703-18. [PMID: 27048593 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Septins are a family of cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins that assemble into membrane-associated hetero-oligomers and organize scaffolds for recruitment of cytosolic proteins or stabilization of membrane proteins. Septins have been implicated in a diverse range of cancers, including gastric cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The hypothesis tested here is that septins contribute to cancer by stabilizing the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, an important target for cancer treatment. Septins and ErbB2 were highly over-expressed in gastric cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by MS analysis identified ErbB2 as a septin-interacting protein. Knockdown of septin-2 or cell exposure to forchlorfenuron (FCF), a well-established inhibitor of septin oligomerization, decreased surface and total levels of ErbB2. These treatments had no effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), emphasizing the specificity and functionality of the septin-ErbB2 interaction. The level of ubiquitylated ErbB2 at the plasma membrane was elevated in cells treated with FCF, which was accompanied by a decrease in co-localization of ErbB2 with septins at the membrane. Cathepsin B inhibitor, but not bafilomycin or lactacystin, prevented FCF-induced decrease in total ErbB2 by increasing accumulation of ubiquitylated ErbB2 in lysosomes. Therefore, septins protect ErbB2 from ubiquitylation, endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. The FCF-induced degradation pathway is distinct from and additive with the degradation induced by inhibiting ErbB2 chaperone Hsp90. These results identify septins as novel regulators of ErbB2 expression that contribute to the remarkable stabilization of the receptor at the plasma membrane of cancer cells and may provide a basis for the development of new ErbB2-targeting anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu BX, Hong F, Zhang Y, Ansa-Addo E, Li Z. GRP94/gp96 in Cancer: Biology, Structure, Immunology, and Drug Development. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 129:165-90. [PMID: 26916005 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As an endoplasmic reticulum heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) paralog, GRP94 (glucose-regulated protein 94)/gp96 (hereafter referred to as GRP94) has been shown to be an essential master chaperone for multiple receptors including Toll-like receptors, Wnt coreceptors, and integrins. Clinically, expression of GRP94 correlates with advanced stage and poor survival in a variety of cancers. Recent preclinical studies have also revealed that GRP94 expression is closely linked to cancer growth and metastasis in melanoma, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Thus, GRP94 is an attractive therapeutic target in a number of malignancies. The chaperone function of GRP94 depends on its ATPase domain, which is structurally distinct from HSP90, allowing design of highly selective GRP94-targeted inhibitors. In this chapter, we discuss the biology and structure-function relationship of GRP94. We also summarize the immunological roles of GRP94 based on the studies documented over the last two decades, as these pertain to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Finally, the structure-based rationale for the design of selective small-molecule inhibitors of GRP94 and their potential application in the treatment of cancer are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill X Wu
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Feng Hong
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ephraim Ansa-Addo
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li X, Wang B, Liu W, Gui M, Peng Z, Meng S. Blockage of conformational changes of heat shock protein gp96 on cell membrane by a α-helix peptide inhibits HER2 dimerization and signaling in breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124647. [PMID: 25898135 PMCID: PMC4405268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane translocation of heat shock protein gp96 from the endoplasmic reticulum has been observed in multiple tumors and is associated with tumor malignancy. However, the cancer-intrinsic function and the related mechanism of cell membrane gp96 as a pro-oncogenic chaperone remain further elucidated. In this study, we found that inhibition of gp96 intramolecular conformational changes by a single α-helix peptide p37 dramatically increased its binding to HER2, whereas decreased HER2 dimerization, phosphorylation and downstream signaling. Targeting cell membrane gp96 promoted HER2 ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal degradation, which led to decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. We also demonstrate that gp96 inhibitory peptide p37 synergized with trastuzumab to suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis. Our work demonstrates that blocking gp96 conformational changes directs HER2 for cellular degradation, and represents a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting HER2 signaling in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baozhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MS); (PZ)
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MS); (PZ)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Plasma membrane gp96 enhances invasion and metastatic potential of liver cancer via regulation of uPAR. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1312-23. [PMID: 25841765 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is currently under intensive investigation due to the resistance of liver cancer to cytotoxic chemotherapies. Dissecting the molecular events that drive the progression of liver cancer and defining specific targets are urgently needed to develop efficient tailored therapies. Cell membrane gp96 (mgp96) has been implicated in tumor growth and malignancy. Here, we explored the functional and clinical relevance of mgp96 in liver cancer. We found that elevated mgp96 abundance was associated with tumor metastasis and recurrence in patients with primary liver tumors. Decreased KDELR1 levels in hepatoma cells contribute to cell membrane translocation of the normally ER-resident gp96. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was identified as a mgp96 client protein, and mgp96 stabilized uPAR protein. Our clinical results proved that elevated mgp96 abundance is positively correlated with uPAR expression levels in liver tumors. We further provided evidence that targeting mgp96 with siRNA or a specific mAb that blocked the mgp96-uPAR interaction led to inhibited cell growth, survival, and invasion in vitro, as well as the suppression of liver tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. mgp96 promotes liver cancer progression through increasing the protein stability and signaling of uPAR, and may be a new promising target for suppressing uPAR-mediated tumor growth and metastasis in liver cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Stivarou T, Patsavoudi E. Extracellular molecules involved in cancer cell invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:238-65. [PMID: 25629807 PMCID: PMC4381257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays it is perfectly clear that understanding and eradicating cancer cell invasion and metastasis represent the crucial, definitive points in cancer therapeutics. During the last two decades there has been a great interest in the understanding of the extracellular molecular mechanisms involved in cancer cell invasion. In this review, we highlight the findings concerning these processes, focusing in particular on extracellular molecules, including extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors, growth factors and their receptors, matrix metalloproteinases and extracellular chaperones. We report the molecular mechanisms underlying the important contribution of this pool of molecules to the complex, multi-step phenomenon of cancer cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Stivarou
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Sun L, Hou J, Gui M, Ying J, Zhao H, Lv N, Meng S. Cell membrane gp96 facilitates HER2 dimerization and serves as a novel target in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:512-24. [PMID: 25546612 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
HER2 receptor dimerization is a critical step in the HER2 activation process. Here, we demonstrated that heat shock protein gp96 on cell membrane interacts with HER2, facilitates HER2 dimerization and promotes cell proliferation. Cell membrane gp96 levels were observed to correlate with HER2 phosphorylation in primary breast tumors. Finally, we provide evidence that targeting gp96 with a specific monoclonal antibody led to decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis in vitro, and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Our work represents a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting HER2 signaling in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pratt WB, Gestwicki JE, Osawa Y, Lieberman AP. Targeting Hsp90/Hsp70-based protein quality control for treatment of adult onset neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 55:353-71. [PMID: 25292434 PMCID: PMC4372135 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently available therapies for adult onset neurodegenerative diseases provide symptomatic relief but do not modify disease progression. Here we explore a new neuroprotective approach based on drugs targeting chaperone-directed protein quality control. Critical target proteins that unfold and aggregate in these diseases, such as the polyglutamine androgen receptor in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, huntingtin in Huntington's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, and tau in Alzheimer's disease, are client proteins of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and their turnover is regulated by the protein quality control function of the Hsp90/Hsp70-based chaperone machinery. Hsp90 and Hsp70 have opposing effects on client protein stability in protein quality control; Hsp90 stabilizes the clients and inhibits their ubiquitination, whereas Hsp70 promotes ubiquitination dependent on CHIP (C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) and proteasomal degradation. We discuss how drugs that modulate proteostasis by inhibiting Hsp90 function or promoting Hsp70 function enhance the degradation of the critical aggregating proteins and ameliorate toxic symptoms in cell and animal disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B. Pratt
- Departments of Pharmacology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, The University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Yoichi Osawa
- Departments of Pharmacology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Andrew P. Lieberman
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of ganetespib (STA-9090) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:128-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
28
|
Huang W, Ye M, Zhang LR, Wu QD, Zhang M, Xu JH, Zheng W. FW-04-806 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by binding to N-terminus of Hsp90 and disrupting Hsp90-Cdc37 complex formation. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:150. [PMID: 24927996 PMCID: PMC4074137 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a promising therapeutic target and inhibition of Hsp90 will presumably result in suppression of multiple signaling pathways. FW-04-806, a bis-oxazolyl macrolide compound extracted from China-native Streptomyces FIM-04-806, was reported to be identical in structure to the polyketide Conglobatin. Methods We adopted the methods of chemproteomics, computational docking, immunoprecipitation, siRNA gene knock down, Quantitative Real-time PCR and xenograft models on the research of FW-04-806 antitumor mechanism, through the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer SKBR3 and HER2-underexpressing breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Results We have verified the direct binding of FW-04-806 to the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 and found that FW-04-806 inhibits Hsp90/cell division cycle protein 37 (Cdc37) chaperone/co-chaperone interactions, but does not affect ATP-binding capability of Hsp90, thereby leading to the degradation of multiple Hsp90 client proteins via the proteasome pathway. In breast cancer cell lines, FW-04-806 inhibits cell proliferation, caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and downregulated Hsp90 client proteins HER2, Akt, Raf-1 and their phosphorylated forms (p-HER2, p-Akt) in a dose and time-dependent manner. Importantly, FW-04-806 displays a better anti-tumor effect in HER2-overexpressed SKBR3 tumor xenograft model than in HER2-underexpressed MCF-7 model. The result is consistent with cell proliferation assay and in vitro apoptosis assay applied for SKBR-3 and MCF-7. Furthermore, FW-04-806 has a favorable toxicity profile. Conclusions As a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, FW-04-806 binds to the N-terminal of Hsp90 and inhibits Hsp90/Cdc37 interaction, resulting in the disassociation of Hsp90/Cdc37/client complexes and the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins. FW-04-806 displays promising antitumor activity against breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, especially for HER2-overexpressed breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Basic Medicine Building North 205, No,88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock comprises a system of interconnected transcriptional and translational feedback loops. Proper oscillator function requires the precisely timed synthesis and degradation of core clock proteins. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent molecular chaperone, has important functions in many cellular regulatory pathways by controlling the activity and stability of its various client proteins. Despite accumulating evidence for interplay between the heat shock response and the circadian system, the role of HSP90 in the mammalian core clock is not known. The results of this study suggest that inhibition of the ATP-dependent chaperone activity of HSP90 impairs circadian rhythmicity of cultured mouse fibroblasts whereby amplitude and phase of the oscillations are predominantly affected. Inhibition of HSP90 shortened the half-life of BMAL1, which resulted in reduced cellular protein levels and blunted expression of rhythmic BMAL1-CLOCK target genes. Furthermore, the HSP90 isoforms HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1, and not HSP90B1-GRP94 or TRAP1, are responsible for maintaining proper cellular levels of BMAL1 protein. In summary, these findings provide evidence for a model in which cytoplasmic HSP90 is required for transcriptional activation processes by the positive arm of the mammalian circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schneider
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Hsp90 is a major molecular chaperone that is expressed abundantly and plays a pivotal role in assisting correct folding and functionality of its client proteins in cells. The Hsp90 client proteins include a wide variety of signal transducing molecules such as protein kinases and steroid hormone receptors. Cancer is a complex disease, but most types of human cancer share common hallmarks, including self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory mechanism, evasion of programmed cell death, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. A surprisingly large number of Hsp90-client proteins play crucial roles in establishing cancer cell hallmarks. We start the review by describing the structure and function of Hsp90 since conformational changes during the ATPase cycle of Hsp90 are closely related to its function. Many co-chaperones, including Hop, p23, Cdc37, Aha1, and PP5, work together with Hsp90 by modulating the chaperone machinery. Post-translational modifications of Hsp90 and its cochaperones are vital for their function. Many tumor-related Hsp90-client proteins, including signaling kinases, steroid hormone receptors, p53, and telomerase, are described. Hsp90 and its co-chaperones are required for the function of these tumor-promoting client proteins; therefore, inhibition of Hsp90 by specific inhibitors such as geldanamycin and its derivatives attenuates the tumor progression. Hsp90 inhibitors can be potential and effective cancer chemotherapeutic drugs with a unique profile and have been examined in clinical trials. We describe possible mechanisms why Hsp90 inhibitors show selectivity to cancer cells even though Hsp90 is essential also for normal cells. Finally, we discuss the "Hsp90-addiction" of cancer cells, and suggest a role for Hsp90 in tumor evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miyata Y, Nakamoto H, Neckers L. The therapeutic target Hsp90 and cancer hallmarks. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:347-65. [PMID: 22920906 DOI: 10.2174/138161213804143725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a major molecular chaperone that is expressed abundantly and plays a pivotal role in assisting correct folding and functionality of its client proteins in cells. The Hsp90 client proteins include a wide variety of signal transducing molecules such as protein kinases and steroid hormone receptors. Cancer is a complex disease, but most types of human cancer share common hallmarks, including self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory mechanism, evasion of programmed cell death, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. A surprisingly large number of Hsp90-client proteins play crucial roles in establishing cancer cell hallmarks. We start the review by describing the structure and function of Hsp90 since conformational changes during the ATPase cycle of Hsp90 are closely related to its function. Many co-chaperones, including Hop, p23, Cdc37, Aha1, and PP5, work together with Hsp90 by modulating the chaperone machinery. Post-translational modifications of Hsp90 and its cochaperones are vital for their function. Many tumor-related Hsp90-client proteins, including signaling kinases, steroid hormone receptors, p53, and telomerase, are described. Hsp90 and its co-chaperones are required for the function of these tumor-promoting client proteins; therefore, inhibition of Hsp90 by specific inhibitors such as geldanamycin and its derivatives attenuates the tumor progression. Hsp90 inhibitors can be potential and effective cancer chemotherapeutic drugs with a unique profile and have been examined in clinical trials. We describe possible mechanisms why Hsp90 inhibitors show selectivity to cancer cells even though Hsp90 is essential also for normal cells. Finally, we discuss the "Hsp90-addiction" of cancer cells, and suggest a role for Hsp90 in tumor evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Patel PD, Yan P, Seidler PM, Patel HJ, Sun W, Yang C, Que NS, Taldone T, Finotti P, Stephani RA, Gewirth DT, Chiosis G. Paralog-selective Hsp90 inhibitors define tumor-specific regulation of HER2. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:677-84. [PMID: 23995768 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the Hsp90 chaperone family, comprised in humans of four paralogs, Hsp90α, Hsp90β, Grp94 and Trap-1, has important roles in malignancy, the contribution of each paralog to the cancer phenotype is poorly understood. This is in large part because reagents to study paralog-specific functions in cancer cells have been unavailable. Here we combine compound library screening with structural and computational analyses to identify purine-based chemical tools that are specific for Hsp90 paralogs. We show that Grp94 selectivity is due to the insertion of these compounds into a new allosteric pocket. We use these tools to demonstrate that cancer cells use individual Hsp90 paralogs to regulate a client protein in a tumor-specific manner and in response to proteome alterations. Finally, we provide new mechanistic evidence explaining why selective Grp94 inhibition is particularly efficacious in certain breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallav D Patel
- 1] Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York, USA. [3]
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iwai C, Li P, Kurata Y, Hoshikawa Y, Morikawa K, Maharani N, Higaki K, Sasano T, Notsu T, Ishido Y, Miake J, Yamamoto Y, Shirayoshi Y, Ninomiya H, Nakai A, Murata S, Yoshida A, Yamamoto K, Hiraoka M, Hisatome I. Hsp90 prevents interaction between CHIP and HERG proteins to facilitate maturation of wild-type and mutant HERG proteins. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:520-8. [PMID: 23963841 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We examined the role of Hsp90 in expression and maturation of wild-type (WT) and mutant ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) proteins by using Hsp90 inhibitors, geldanamycin (GA) and radicicol, and Hsp90 overexpression. METHODS AND RESULTS The proteins were expressed in HEK293 cells or collected from HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes, and analysed by western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. GA and radicicol suppressed maturation of HERG-FLAG proteins and increased their immature forms. Co-expression of Hsp90 counteracted the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors and suppressed ubiquitination of HERG proteins. Overexpressed Hsp90 also inhibited the binding of endogenous C-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) to HERG-FLAG proteins. Hsp90-induced increase of functional HERG proteins was verified by their increased expression on the cell surface and enhanced HERG channel currents. CHIP overexpression decreased both mature and immature forms of HERG-FLAG proteins in cells treated with GA. Hsp90 facilitated maturation of endogenous ERG proteins, whereas CHIP decreased both forms of ERG proteins in HL-1 cells. Mutant HERG proteins harbouring disease-causing missense mutations were mainly in the immature form and had a higher binding capacity to CHIP than the WT; Hsp90 overexpression suppressed this association. Overexpressed Hsp90 increased the mature form of HERG(1122fs/147) proteins, reduced its ubiquitinated form, increased its immunoreactivity in the endoplasmic reticulum and on the plasma membrane, and increased the mutant-mediated membrane current. CHIP overexpression decreased the immature form of HERG(1122fs/147) proteins. CONCLUSION Enhancement of HERG protein expression through Hsp90 inhibition of CHIP binding might be a novel therapeutic strategy for long QT syndrome 2 caused by trafficking abnormalities of HERG proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Iwai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science. Nishichou 86, Yonago 683, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Inhibition of Hsp90 and 70 sensitizes melanoma cells to hyperthermia using ferromagnetic particles with a low Curie temperature. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:722-30. [PMID: 23949287 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 is a key regulator of various oncogene products and cell-signaling molecules, while Hsp70 protects against heat-induced apoptosis. We previously described a system in which hyperthermia was produced using thermosensitive ferromagnetic particles (FMPs) with a Curie temperature (T c) of 43 °C to mediate automatic temperature control, and demonstrated its antitumor effect in a mouse melanoma model. In the present study, the antitumor effects of combining Hsp90 inhibitor (17DMAG) and Hsp70 inhibitor (quercetin) with FMP-mediated hyperthermia were examined. METHODS Expressions of Hsp90/70 and Akt were evaluated using Western blotting in vitro. In an in vivo study, melanoma cells were subcutaneously injected into the backs of C57BL/6 mice. FMPs were then injected into the resultant tumors, and the mice were divided into groups treated with quercetin and/or 17DMAG with/without hyperthermia. When exposed to a magnetic field, the temperature of tissues containing FMPs increased and stabilized at the T c. The TUNEL method was used to determine whether hyperthermia induced apoptosis within tumors. RESULTS In the group pretreated with hyperthermia + quercetin + 17DMAG, Akt expression was reduced in vitro, the incidence of apoptosis within tumors was greater, and tumor growth was significantly suppressed 20 days after FMP injection in vivo, compared with other treatment groups. The survival rates among tumor-bearing mice observed for a period of 40 days were significantly higher in the hyperthermia + quercetin + 17DMAG group. CONCLUSION Combining Hsp90/70 inhibition with hyperthermia appears to increase their antitumor effects. Thus, the combination of FMP-mediated, self-regulating hyperthermia with Hsp90/70 inhibition has important implications for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chiosis G, Kang Y, Sun W. Discovery and development of purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:99-114. [PMID: 23480142 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), an important target in cancer and other diseases, has become recently the focus of several drug discovery and development efforts. The initially identified natural-product inhibitors of Hsp90, such as geldanamycin, played a major role in elucidating its biological function and in determining its clinical relevance. Upcoming synthetic inhibitors, such as the purine-scaffold class, furthered our understanding on Hsp90 in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases and delivered what are promised to be clinical candidates with favorable pharmacologic profiles. This review intends to inform the reader on efforts ranging from the discovery of purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors to their clinical translation as well as on their use as chemical tools to dissect the roles of Hsp90 in pathogenic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chiosis
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, 1275 York Avenue, Box 482, New York, NY10021, USA +1 646 888 2235 ; +1 646 422 0416 ;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wainberg ZA, Anghel A, Rogers AM, Desai AJ, Kalous O, Conklin D, Ayala R, O'Brien NA, Quadt C, Akimov M, Slamon DJ, Finn RS. Inhibition of HSP90 with AUY922 induces synergy in HER2-amplified trastuzumab-resistant breast and gastric cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:509-19. [PMID: 23395886 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HSP90 enables the activation of many client proteins of which the most clinically validated is HER2. NVP-AUY922, a potent HSP90 inhibitor, is currently in phase II clinical trials. To explore its potential clinical use in HER2-amplified breast and gastric cancers, we evaluated the effect of AUY922 alone and in combination with trastuzumab in both trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant models. A panel of 16 human gastric and 45 breast cancer cell lines, including 16 HER2-amplified (3 and 13, respectively) cells, was treated with AUY922 over various concentrations. In both breast and gastric cancer, we used cell lines and xenograft models with conditioned trastuzumab-resistance to investigate the efficacy of AUY922 alongside trastuzumab. Effects of this combination on downstream markers were analyzed via Western blot analysis. AUY922 exhibited potent antiproliferative activity in the low nanomolar range (<40 nmol/L) for 59 of 61 cell lines. In both histologies, HER2-amplified cells expressed greater sensitivity to AUY than HER2-negative cells. In conditioned trastuzumab-resistant models, AUY922 showed a synergistic effect with trastuzumab. In vitro, the combination induced greater decreases in HER2, a G2 cell-cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. In a trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer xenograft model, the combination of AUY922 and trastuzumab showed greater antitumor efficacy than either drug alone. These data suggest that AUY922 in combination with trastuzumab has unique efficacy in trastuzumab-resistant models. The combination of HSP90 inhibition and direct HER2 blockade represents a novel approach to the treatment of HER2-amplified cancers and clinical trials based on the above data are ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zev A Wainberg
- University of California Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Duerfeldt AS, Peterson LB, Maynard JC, Ng CL, Eletto D, Ostrovsky O, Shinogle HE, Moore DS, Argon Y, Nicchitta CV, Blagg BSJ. Development of a Grp94 inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9796-804. [PMID: 22642269 DOI: 10.1021/ja303477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Unfortunately, results from clinical trials have been disappointing as off-target effects and toxicities have been observed. These detriments may be a consequence of pan-Hsp90 inhibition, as all clinically evaluated Hsp90 inhibitors simultaneously disrupt all four human Hsp90 isoforms. Using a structure-based approach, we designed an inhibitor of Grp94, the ER-resident Hsp90. The effect manifested by compound 2 on several Grp94 and Hsp90α/β (cytosolic isoforms) clients were investigated. Compound 2 prevented intracellular trafficking of the Toll receptor, inhibited the secretion of IGF-II, affected the conformation of Grp94, and suppressed Drosophila larval growth, all Grp94-dependent processes. In contrast, compound 2 had no effect on cell viability or cytosolic Hsp90α/β client proteins at similar concentrations. The design, synthesis, and evaluation of 2 are described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Duerfeldt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Azoitei N, Hoffmann CM, Ellegast JM, Ball CR, Obermayer K, Gößele U, Koch B, Faber K, Genze F, Schrader M, Kestler HA, Döhner H, Chiosis G, Glimm H, Fröhling S, Scholl C. Targeting of KRAS mutant tumors by HSP90 inhibitors involves degradation of STK33. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:697-711. [PMID: 22451720 PMCID: PMC3328372 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous efforts to develop drugs that directly inhibit the activity of mutant KRAS, the most commonly mutated human oncogene, have not been successful. Cancer cells driven by mutant KRAS require expression of the serine/threonine kinase STK33 for their viability and proliferation, identifying STK33 as a context-dependent therapeutic target. However, specific strategies for interfering with the critical functions of STK33 are not yet available. Here, using a mass spectrometry-based screen for STK33 protein interaction partners, we report that the HSP90/CDC37 chaperone complex binds to and stabilizes STK33 in human cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90, using structurally divergent small molecules currently in clinical development, induced proteasome-mediated degradation of STK33 in human cancer cells of various tissue origin in vitro and in vivo, and triggered apoptosis preferentially in KRAS mutant cells in an STK33-dependent manner. Furthermore, HSP90 inhibitor treatment impaired sphere formation and viability of primary human colon tumor-initiating cells harboring mutant KRAS. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the activity of HSP90 inhibitors in KRAS mutant cancer cells, indicate that the enhanced requirement for STK33 can be exploited to target mutant KRAS-driven tumors, and identify STK33 depletion through HSP90 inhibition as a biomarker-guided therapeutic strategy with immediate translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that is exploited by malignant cells to support activated oncoproteins, including many cancer-associated kinases and transcription factors, and it is essential for oncogenic transformation. Originally viewed with skepticism, Hsp90 inhibitors are now being actively pursued by the pharmaceutical industry, with 17 agents having entered clinical trials. Investigators established Hsp90's druggability using the natural products geldanamycin and radicicol, which mimic the unusual ATP structure adopted in the chaperone's N-terminal nucleotide-binding pocket and cause potent and selective blockade of ATP binding/hydrolysis, inhibit chaperone function, deplete oncogenic clients, and show antitumor activity. Preclinical data obtained with these natural products have heightened interest in Hsp90 as a drug target, and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, tanespimycin) has shown clinical activity (as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) in HER2+ breast cancer. Many optimized synthetic, small-molecule Hsp90 inhibitors from diverse chemotypes are now in clinical trials. Here, we review the discovery and development of Hsp90 inhibitors and assess their potential. There has been significant learning from studies of the basic biology of Hsp90, as well as translational drug development involving this chaperone, enhanced by the use of Hsp90 inhibitors as chemical probes. Success will likely lie in treating cancers that are addicted to particular driver oncogene products (e.g., HER2, ALK, EGFR, and BRAF) that are sensitive Hsp90 clients, as well as malignancies (especially multiple myeloma) in which buffering of proteotoxic stress is critical for survival. We discuss approaches for enhancing the effectiveness of Hsp90 inhibitors and highlight new chaperone and stress-response pathway targets, including HSF1 and Hsp70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike Bldg. 10/CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892-1107 USA
| | - Paul Workman
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton SM2 5NG UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang YD, Cao S, Meng SD, Gao GF. A strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies against gp96 by prime-boost regimen using endogenous protein and E. coli heterologously-expressed fragment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11771-011-0914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
Relative quantification of the proteomic changes associated with the mycotoxin zearalenone in the H295R steroidogenesis model. Toxicon 2011; 58:533-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
42
|
Meldau S, Baldwin IT, Wu J. For security and stability: SGT1 in plant defense and development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1479-82. [PMID: 21897126 PMCID: PMC3256375 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.10.17708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SGT1 (suppressor of G-two allele of SKP1) is highly conserved among all eukaryotes. In plants, SGT1 interacts with various proteins, including molecular chaperones (HSP70 and HSP90) and certain SCF ubiquitin ligases, and hence SGT1 likely functions in protein folding and stability. Since these protein complexes are involved in many aspects of plant biology, plants with a defective SGT1 display a plethora of phenotypic alterations. In this review we highlight the interaction between SGT1 with other protein complexes and summarize the function of SGT1 in plant defense responses and development, including the recent advancements in the understanding of the role of SGT1 in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Meldau
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Quality control and fate determination of Hsp90 client proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:683-8. [PMID: 21871502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quality control processes regulate the proteome by determining whether a protein is to be folded or degraded. Hsp90 is a hub in the network of molecular chaperones that maintain this process because it promotes both folding and degradation, in addition to regulating expression of other quality control components. The significance of Hsp90's role in quality control is enhanced by the function of its clients, which include protein kinases and transcription factors, in cellular signaling. The inhibition of Hsp90 with small molecules results in the rapid degradation of such clients via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, and also in the induction of the Hsp70 molecular chaperone. These two events result in markedly different outcomes depending on cell type. For tumor cells there is a profound loss of signaling in growth promoting pathways. By contrast, increased amounts of Hsp70 in neuronal cells ameliorate the toxicity that is associated with the formation of aggregates observed in neurodegenerative conditions. In this review we discuss the mechanisms underlying these differential effects of Hsp90 inhibition on the quality control of distinct client proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90).
Collapse
|
44
|
McLaughlin M, Vandenbroeck K. The endoplasmic reticulum protein folding factory and its chaperones: new targets for drug discovery? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:328-45. [PMID: 20942857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic heat shock proteins have received significant attention as emerging therapeutic targets. Much of this excitement has been triggered by the discovery that HSP90 plays a central role in the maintenance and stability of multifarious oncogenic membrane receptors and their resultant tyrosine kinase activity. Numerous studies have dealt with the effects of small molecules on chaperone- and stress-related pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, unlike cytosolic chaperones, relatively little emphasis has been placed upon translational avenues towards targeting of the ER for inhibition of folding/secretion of disease-promoting proteins. Here, we summarise existing small molecule inhibitors and potential future targets of ER chaperone-mediated inhibition. Client proteins of translational relevance in disease treatment are outlined, alongside putative future disease treatment modalities based on ER-centric targeted therapies. Particular attention is paid to cancer and autoimmune disorders via the effects of the GRP94 inhibitor geldanamycin and its population of client proteins, overloading of the unfolded protein response, and inhibition of members of the IL-12 family of cytokines by celecoxib and non-coxib analogues.
Collapse
|
45
|
Messaoudi S, Peyrat JF, Brion JD, Alami M. Heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors as antitumor agents: a survey of the literature from 2005 to 2010. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1501-42. [PMID: 21689065 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.594041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a validated novel anticancer target with unique features. As a molecular chaperone, Hsp90 is implicated in maintaining the conformation, stability, activity and cellular localization of several key oncogenic client proteins that are involved in signal transduction pathways leading to proliferation, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. As a result, inhibitors of Hsp90 achieve their promising anticancer activity through disruption of the Hsp90 protein function, thereby freezing the chaperone cycle; this in turn decreases the affinity of Hsp90 for client proteins, thus leading to proteasome-mediated degradation of oncogenic client proteins within cancer cells. AREAS COVERED This review provides recent background information on Hsp90 inhibitors. It also highlights a panel of compounds of interest reported in patents and discusses the clinical results of the promising drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION In the past 5 years, Hsp90 inhibitors have remained the focus of much interest as new potential anticancer agents. A large variety of scaffolds were studied in both academia and industry. Consequently, these significant research efforts have provided several promising drug candidates for further clinical development. Further progress in the development of Hsp90 inhibitors, combined with a deeper understanding of the chaperon characteristics, strengthens their promise in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Messaoudi
- Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen F, Pandey D, Chadli A, Catravas JD, Chen T, Fulton DJR. Hsp90 regulates NADPH oxidase activity and is necessary for superoxide but not hydrogen peroxide production. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2107-19. [PMID: 21194376 PMCID: PMC3085945 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify whether heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) regulates the production of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species from the NADPH oxidases (Nox). We found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Hsp90 directly reduced Nox5-derived superoxide without secondarily modifying signaling events. Coimmunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer studies suggest that the C-terminus of Nox5 binds to Hsp90. Long-term Hsp90 inhibition reduced Nox5 expression and provides further evidence that Nox5 is an Hsp90 client protein. Inhibitors of Hsp90 also reduced superoxide from Nox1, Nox2 (neutrophils), and Nox3. However, Nox4, which emits only hydrogen peroxide, was unaffected by Hsp90 inhibitors. Hydrogen peroxide production from the other Nox enzymes was not affected by short-term inhibition of Hsp90, but long-term inhibition reduced production of all reactive oxygen species coincident with loss of enzyme expression. Expression of chimeric Nox enzymes consisting of N-terminal Nox1 or Nox3 and C-terminal Nox4 resulted in only hydrogen peroxide formation that was insensitive to Hsp90 inhibitors. We conclude that Hsp90 binds to the C-terminus of Noxes1-3 and 5 and is necessary for enzyme stability and superoxide production. Hsp90 does not bind to the C-terminus of Nox4 and is not required for hydrogen peroxide formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Patel HJ, Modi S, Chiosis G, Taldone T. Advances in the discovery and development of heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:559-587. [PMID: 22400044 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.563296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Over the last 15 - 20 years, targeted anticancer strategies have focused on therapies aimed at abrogating a single malignant protein. Agents that are directed towards the inhibition of a single oncoprotein have resulted in a number of useful drugs in the treatment of cancers (i.e., Gleevec, BCR-ABL; Tarceva and Iressa, EGFR). However, such a strategy relies on the notion that a cancer cell is dependent on a single signaling pathway for its survival. The possibility that a cancer cell may mutate or switch its dependence to another signaling pathway can result in the ineffectiveness of such agents. Recent advances in the biology of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have revealed intimate details into the complexity of the chaperoning process that Hsp90 is engaged in and, at the same time, have offered those involved in drug discovery several unique ways to interfere in this process. AREAS COVERED: This review provides the current understanding of the chaperone cycle of Hsp90 and presents the multifaceted approaches used by researchers in the discovery of potential Hsp90 drugs. It discusses the phenotypic outcomes in cancer cells on Hsp90 inhibition by these several approaches and also addresses several distinctions observed among direct Hsp90 ATP-pocket competitors providing commentary on the potential biological outcomes as well as the clinical relevance of such features. EXPERT OPINION: The significantly different phenotypic outcomes observed from Hsp90 inhibition by the many inhibitors developed suggest that the clinical development of Hsp90 inhibitors would be better served by careful consideration of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of individual candidates rather than a generic approach directed towards the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardik J Patel
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thorat DA, Doddareddy MR, Seo SH, Hong TJ, Cho YS, Hahn JS, Pae AN. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives as novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1593-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
49
|
Croci S, Recktenwald CV, Lichtenfels R, Nicoletti G, Dressler SP, De Giovanni C, Astolfi A, Palladini A, Shin-ya K, Landuzzi L, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Seliger B. Proteomic and PROTEOMEX profiling of mammary cancer progression in a HER-2/neu oncogene-driven animal model system. Proteomics 2010; 10:3835-53. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
50
|
Gerbin CS, Landgraf R. Geldanamycin selectively targets the nascent form of ERBB3 for degradation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:529-44. [PMID: 20084478 PMCID: PMC3006625 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) targets a broad spectrum of client proteins with divergent modes of interaction and consequences. The homologous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ERBB2 receptors as well as kinase-deficient mutants thereof differ in their requirement for HSP90 in the nascent versus mature state of the receptor. Specific features of the kinase domain have been implicated for the selective association of HSP90 with mature ERBB2. We evaluated the role of HSP90 for the homologous ERBB3 receptor. ERBB3 is naturally kinase deficient, a central mediator in cell survival and stress response and the primary dimerization partner for ERBB2 in signaling. Cellular studies indicate that, similar to EGFR, the geldanamycin (GA) sensitivity of ERBB3 and HSP90 binding resides in the nascent state and is dependent on the presence of the kinase domain of ERBB3. Furthermore, despite its intrinsic lack of kinase activity and in contrast to the reported GA sensitivity of mature and kinase-deficient EGFR, the GA sensitivity of the nascent state of ERBB3 appears to be exclusive. Geldanamycin disrupts the interaction of ERBB3 and HSP90 and inhibits ERBB3 maturation at an early stage of synthesis, prior to export from the ER. Studies with a photo-convertible fusion protein of ERBB3 suggest geldanamycin sensitivity at a later stage in maturation, possibly through the putative role of HSP90 in structural proofreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice S. Gerbin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
- Department Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, Box 01629 (R-629), Miami, FL 33101-6129 USA
| |
Collapse
|