1
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Amatya E, Subramanian C, Cohen MS, Blagg BSJ. Development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors with noviomimetics that manifest anti-proliferative activities. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:888-894. [PMID: 38516588 PMCID: PMC10953479 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the Hsp90 C-terminal domain offers a promising opportunity to treat numerous diseases/indications. Furthermore, the development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors (CTIs) is advantageous over N-terminal inhibitors because it avoids the detriments associated with induction of the heat shock response (HSR). However, the lack of co-crystal structures of small molecules bound to the C-terminus have hindered their development. Therefore, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have been pursued to optimize such inhibitors. Noviose sugar surrogates, also known as noviomimetics have been prepared to investigate the size and nature of the C-terminal domain binding pocket. Herein, we report the synthesis and anti-proliferative activity manifested by this new series of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Amatya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
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2
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Buchner J, Alasady MJ, Backe SJ, Blagg BSJ, Carpenter RL, Colombo G, Gelis I, Gewirth DT, Gierasch LM, Houry WA, Johnson JL, Kang BH, Kao AW, LaPointe P, Mattoo S, McClellan AJ, Neckers LM, Prodromou C, Rasola A, Sager RA, Theodoraki MA, Truman AW, Truttman MC, Zachara NE, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M, Woodford MR. Second international symposium on the chaperone code, 2023. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:88-96. [PMID: 38316354 PMCID: PMC10939070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Buchner
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, D85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Milad J Alasady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Gelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Lila M Gierasch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Walid A Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Byoung Heon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Aimee W Kao
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Seema Mattoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amie J McClellan
- Division of Science and Mathematics, Bennington College, Bennington, VT, 05201, USA
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | | | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Matthias C Truttman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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3
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Serwetnyk M, Crowley VM, Brackett CM, Carter TR, Elahi A, Kommalapati VK, Chadli A, Blagg BSJ. Enniatin A Analogues as Novel Hsp90 Inhibitors that Modulate Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1785-1790. [PMID: 38116437 PMCID: PMC10726464 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The 90 kilo-Dalton heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that facilitates the maturation of nascent polypeptides into their biologically active conformation. Because many of the >400 known client protein substrates are implicated in the development/progression of cancer, it is hypothesized that Hsp90 inhibition will simultaneously shut down numerous oncogenic pathways. Unfortunately, most of the small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors that have undergone clinical evaluation thus far have failed due to various toxicities. Therefore, the disruption of Hsp90 protein-protein interactions with cochaperones and/or client substrates has been proposed as an alternative way to achieve Hsp90 inhibition without such adverse events. The hexadepsipeptide Enniatin A (EnnA) has recently been reported to be one such inhibitor that also manifests immunogenic activity. Herein, we report preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies to determine the structural features that confer this unprecedented activity for an Hsp90 inhibitor. Our studies find that EnnA's branching moieties are necessary for its activity, but some structural modifications are tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
A. Serwetnyk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug
Discovery and Development, The University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vincent M. Crowley
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of
Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug
Discovery and Development, The University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Trever R. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug
Discovery and Development, The University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Asif Elahi
- Georgia
Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia
at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia
Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia
at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia
Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia
at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug
Discovery and Development, The University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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4
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Pal R, Hui D, Menchen H, Zhao H, Mozziconacci O, Wilkins H, Blagg BSJ, Schöneich C, Swerdlow RH, Michaelis ML, Michaelis EK. Protection against Aβ-induced neuronal damage by KU-32: PDHK1 inhibition as important target. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1282855. [PMID: 38035268 PMCID: PMC10682733 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1282855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A feature of most neurodegenerative diseases is the presence of "mis-folded proteins" that form aggregates, suggesting suboptimal activity of neuronal molecular chaperones. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is the master regulator of cell responses to "proteotoxic" stresses. Some Hsp90 modulators activate cascades leading to upregulation of additional chaperones. Novobiocin is a modulator at the C-terminal ATP-binding site of Hsp90. Of several novobiocin analogs synthesized and tested for protection against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neuronal death, "KU-32" was the most potent in protecting primary neurons, but did not increase expression of other chaperones believed to help clear misfolded proteins. However, KU-32 reversed Aβ-induced superoxide formation, activated Complex I of the electron transfer chain in mitochondria, and blocked the Aβ-induced inhibition of Complex I in neuroblastoma cells. A mechanism for these effects of KU-32 on mitochondrial metabolism appeared to be the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK), both in isolated brain mitochondria and in SH-SY5Y cells. PDHK inhibition by the classic enzyme inhibitor, dichloroacetate, led to neuroprotection from Aβ25-35-induced cell injury similarly to KU-32. Inhibition of PDHK in neurons would lead to activation of the PDH complex, increased acetyl-CoA generation, stimulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and Complex I in the electron transfer chain, and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. A focus of future studies may be on the potential value of PDHK as a target in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Pal
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Dongwei Hui
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Heather Menchen
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Olivier Mozziconacci
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Heather Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Mary L. Michaelis
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Elias K. Michaelis
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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5
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Merfeld T, Peng S, Keegan BM, Crowley VM, Brackett CM, Gutierrez A, McCann NR, Reynolds TS, Rhodes MC, Byrd KM, Deng J, Matts RL, Blagg BSJ. Elucidation of novel TRAP1-Selective inhibitors that regulate mitochondrial processes. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115531. [PMID: 37307624 PMCID: PMC10529355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hsp90 isoform-selective inhibitors represent a new paradigm for novel anti-cancer drugs as each of the four isoforms have specific cellular localization, function, and client proteins. The mitochondrial isoform, TRAP1, is the least understood member of the Hsp90 family due to the lack of small molecule tools to study its biological function. Herein, we report novel TRAP1-selective inhibitors used to interrogate TRAP1's biological function along with co-crystal structures of such compounds bound to the N-terminus of TRAP1. Solution of the co-crystal structure allowed for a structure-based approach that resulted in compound 36, which is a 40 nM inhibitor with >250-fold TRAP1 selectivity over Grp94, the isoform with the highest structural similarity to TRAP1 within the N-terminal ATP binding site. Lead compounds 35 and 36 were found to selectively induce TRAP1 client protein degradation without inducing the heat shock response or disrupting Hsp90-cytosolic clients. They were also shown to inhibit OXPHOS, alter cellular metabolism towards glycolysis, disrupt TRAP1 tetramer stability, and disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Merfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, NRC 246 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Bradley M Keegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Vincent M Crowley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Christopher M Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Andrew Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nathan R McCann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Tyelor S Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Matthew C Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Katherine M Byrd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, NRC 246 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Robert L Matts
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, NRC 246 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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6
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Reynolds T, Blagg BSJ. Synthesis and Validation of the First Cell-Impermeable Hsp90α-Selective Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1250-1256. [PMID: 37736193 PMCID: PMC10510499 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90α is an isoform of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family of molecular chaperones and mediates the folding and activation of ∼400 client proteins. However, inhibition of intracellular Hsp90α has caused detrimental side effects and significantly hindered the clinical development of Hsp90 inhibitors. As an alternative strategy, 14 Hsp90α-selective inhibitors were synthesized to introduce permanently charged moieties onto the solvent-exposed portion of the Hsp90α binding site to produce cell-impermeable extracellular Hsp90α-selective inhibitors. The resulting lead compounds were cell-permeable dimethylamine 14 (NDNA3), with an affinity of 0.51 μM for Hsp90α and >196-fold selectivity over the other Hsp90 isoforms, and cell-impermeable quaternary ammonium 17 (NDNA4), with an affinity of 0.34 μM for Hsp90α and >294-fold selectivity. The permanently charged analogs were determined to have low membrane permeability, to be nontoxic against Ovcar-8 and MCF-10A cells, to avoid disruption of hERG channel maturation, and not to induce the heat shock response or Hsp90α-dependent client degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyelor
S. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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7
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Keegan BM, Blagg BSJ. A Split Renilla Luciferase Complementation Assay for the Evaluation of Hsp90/Aha1 Complex Disruptors and Their Activity at the Aha1 C-Terminal Domain. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:184-192. [PMID: 36516069 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of interactions between Hsp90 and the cochaperone protein, Aha1, has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit Aha1-driven cancer metastasis and tau aggregation in models of tauopathy. A combination of split Renilla luciferase assays was developed to screen and quantify the ability of small molecules to disrupt interactions between Hsp90 and both full length Aha1 protein (Aha1-FL) and the Aha1 C-terminal domain (Aha1-CTD). This luminescence-based approach was used to identify withaferin A and gedunin as disruptors of Hsp90/Aha1 interactions and provided insight into the binding regions for gambogic acid and gedunin on the Hsp90 homodimer. All compounds tested that disrupted Hsp90/Aha1-CTD interactions were found to disrupt interactions between Hsp90 and Aha1-FL, suggesting that interactions between Hsp90 and the Aha1-CTD play a key role in the stability of Hsp90/Aha1 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Keegan
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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8
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Amatya E, Blagg BSJ. Recent advances toward the development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129111. [PMID: 36549397 PMCID: PMC9869726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a dynamic protein which serves to ensure proper folding of nascent client proteins, regulate transcriptional responses to environmental stress and guide misfolded and damaged proteins to destruction via ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Recent advances in the field of Hsp90 have been made through development of isoform selective inhibitors, Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors and disruption of protein-protein interactions. These approaches have led to alleviation of adverse off-target effects caused by pan-inhibition of Hsp90 using N-terminal inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of relevant advances on targeting the Hsp90 C-terminal Domain (CTD) and the development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors (CTIs) since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Amatya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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9
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Mishra SJ, Reynolds TS, Merfeld T, Balch M, Peng S, Deng J, Matts R, Blagg BSJ. Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Tertiary Alcohol Hsp90α-Selective Inhibitors with Novel Binding Mode. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1870-1878. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanket J. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tyelor S. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Taylor Merfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Maurie Balch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246C Noble Research Center, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246C Noble Research Center, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246C Noble Research Center, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Robert Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246C Noble Research Center, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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10
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Pugh KW, Alnaed M, Brackett CM, Blagg BSJ. The biology and inhibition of glucose-regulated protein 94/gp96. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2007-2024. [PMID: 35861260 PMCID: PMC10003671 DOI: 10.1002/med.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disease. Grp94 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones and is a master regulator of ER homeostasis due to its ability to fold and stabilize proteins/receptors, and to chaperone misfolded proteins for degradation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Grp94 knockdown or inhibition leads to the degradation of client protein substrates, which leads to disruption of disease-dependent signaling pathways. As a result, small molecule inhibitors of Grp94 have become a promising therapeutic approach to target a variety of disease states. Specifically, Grp94 has proven to be a promising target for cancer, glaucoma, immune-mediated inflammation, and viral infection. Moreover, Grp94-peptide complexes have been utilized effectively as adjuvants for vaccines against a variety of disease states. This work highlights the significance of Grp94 biology and the development of therapeutics that target this molecular chaperone in multiple disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler W. Pugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Marim Alnaed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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11
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Rahmy S, Mishra SJ, Murphy S, Blagg BSJ, Lu X. Hsp90β inhibition upregulates interferon response and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in murine tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005045. [PMID: 36341371 PMCID: PMC9630337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Response resistance to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge that may be overcome through the rational combination of ICB and specific targeted therapeutics. One emerging combination strategy is based on sensitizing ICB-refractory tumors with antagonists of 90kD heat shock protein (Hsp90) that target all four isoforms. However, pan-Hsp90 inhibitors are limited by the modest efficacy, on-target and off-tumor toxicities, and induction of the heat shock response (HSR) that overrides the effect of Hsp90 inhibition. Recently, we developed Hsp90β-selective inhibitors that were cytotoxic to cancer cells but did not induce HSR in vitro. Here, we report that the Hsp90β inhibitor NDNB1182 downregulated CDK4 (an Hsp90β-dependent client protein) and induced the expression of endogenous retroviral elements and interferon-stimulated genes. In syngeneic mouse models of prostate cancer and breast cancer, NDNB1182 significantly augmented the efficacy of ICB therapy. Furthermore, NDNB1182 showed superior tolerability to the pan-Hsp90 inhibitor Ganetespib in mice. Our findings provide evidence that Hsp90β inhibition is a potentially effective and safe regimen to combine with ICB to treat immunotherapy-refractory solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Rahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sanket J. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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12
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Chinthapally K, Blagg BSJ, Ashfeld BL. Syntheses of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Lysobisphosphatidic Acid Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10523-10530. [PMID: 35895907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed significant achievements in the field of organic chemistry, which have led to new drugs and the discovery of new and biologically interesting molecules. Herein, we describe a practical and efficient approach to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure and diverse lysobisphosphatidic acid analogues. The key feature of the synthesis is a one-pot, sequential phosphorylation of a protected sn-2-O-oleoyl glycerol or sn-3-O-oleoyl glycerol with 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite, followed by oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chinthapally
- Warren Family Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Warren Family Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Warren Family Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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13
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Dou X, Patel BA, D'Amico T, Subramanian C, Cousineau E, Yi Y, Cohen M, Blagg BSJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of Simplified Cruentaren A Analogues. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9940-9956. [PMID: 35894845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) belongs to a group of molecular chaperones that regulate homeostasis via the folding of nascent polypeptides into their biologically active proteins, many of which are involved in cancer development and progression. As a result, inhibition of Hsp90 is an exciting area of research for the treatment of cancer. However, most of the 18 Hsp90 N-terminal inhibitors evaluated in clinical trials exhibited deleterious side effects and toxicities. Cruentaren A is a natural product that manifests potent anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines via disruption of interactions between Hsp90α and F1FO ATP synthase, which does not induce the pro-survival, heat shock response, a major limitation associated with current Hsp90 inhibitors. However, the development of cruentaren A as a new anticancer agent has been hindered by its complex structure. Herein, we systematically removed the functionalities present in fragment 2 of cruentaren A and incorporated some key structural modifications from previous work, which produced 12 simplified analogues. Our studies determined that all functional groups present in fragment 2 are essential for cruentaren A's anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bhargav A Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Terin D'Amico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- General Surgery Clinic, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eric Cousineau
- General Surgery Clinic, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yi Yi
- Global Blood Therapeutics, San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Cohen
- General Surgery Clinic, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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14
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Meka PN, Amatya E, Kaur S, Banerjee M, Zuo A, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Synthesis and evaluation of 3'- and 4'-substituted cyclohexyl noviomimetics that modulate mitochondrial respiration. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116940. [PMID: 35905686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
KU-32 (2) and KU-596 (3), are first and second generation cytoprotective novologues that are derivatives of novobiocin (1), a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) C-terminal inhibitor. Although 2 and 3 improve mitochondrial bioenergetics and have demonstrated considerable cytoprotective activity, they contain a synthetically demanding noviose sugar. This issue was initially addressed by creating noviomimetics, such as KU-1202 (4), which replaced the noviose sugar with ether-linked cyclohexyl derivatives that retained some cytoprotective potential due to their ability to increase mitochondrial bioenergetics. Based on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of KU-1202 (4), the current study investigated 3'- and 4'-substituted cyclohexyl scaffolds as noviomimetics and determined their efficacy at increasing mitochondrial bioenergetic as a marker for cytoprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penchala Narasimharao Meka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Eva Amatya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Sukhmanjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Ang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Rick T Dobrowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States.
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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15
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Keegan BM, Catalfano KC, Banerjee M, Blagg BSJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of Small Molecule Disruptors of the Aha1/Hsp90 Complex for the Reduction of Tau Aggregation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:827-832. [PMID: 35586436 PMCID: PMC9109267 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
KU-177 was recently shown to disrupt interactions between Hsp90 and Aha1 in vitro. Subsequent studies in recombinant thioflavin T (ThT) assays demonstrated that KU-177 ablates Aha1-driven enhancement of Hsp90-dependent tau aggregation, which was confirmed by TEM. Using KU-177 as a lead compound, derivatives of KU-177 were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to disrupt Aha1/Hsp90 interactions and inhibit P301L tau aggregation. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were revealed, which led to the identification of a new lead compound that contains a cis-like amide bond. The new lead compounds retain the ability to disrupt Aha1/Hsp90 interactions in SH-SY5Y and SK-BR-3 cells without direct inhibition of Hsp90, providing a new scaffold for subsequent drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M. Keegan
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United
States
| | - Kevin C. Catalfano
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United
States
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United
States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United
States
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16
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Kurop MK, Huyen CM, Kelly JH, Blagg BSJ. The heat shock response and small molecule regulators. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113846. [PMID: 34563965 PMCID: PMC8608735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a highly conserved cellular pathway that is responsible for stress relief and the refolding of denatured proteins [1]. When a host cell is exposed to conditions such as heat shock, ischemia, or toxic substances, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), a transcription factor, activates the genes that encode for the heat shock proteins (Hsps), which are a family of proteins that work alongside other chaperones to relieve stress and refold proteins that have been denatured (Burdon, 1986) [2]. Along with the refolding of denatured proteins, Hsps facilitate the removal of misfolded proteins by escorting them to degradation pathways, thereby preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins [3]. Research has indicated that many pathological conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and aging have a negative impact on HSR function and are commonly associated with misfolded protein aggregation [4,5]. Studies indicate an interplay between mitochondrial homeostasis and HSF-1 levels can impact stress resistance, proteostasis, and malignant cell growth, which further support the role of Hsps in pathological and metabolic functions [6]. On the other hand, Hsp activation by specific small molecules can induce the heat shock response, which can afford neuroprotection and other benefits [7]. This review will focus on the modulation of Hsps and the HSR as therapeutic options to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Kurop
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Cormac M Huyen
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - John H Kelly
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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17
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Chaudhury S, Narasimharao Meka P, Banerjee M, Kent CN, Blagg BSJ. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Hsp90β-Selective Inhibitors. Chemistry 2021; 27:14747-14764. [PMID: 34449940 PMCID: PMC8790780 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are molecular chaperones that are responsible for the folding and/or trafficking of ∼400 client proteins, many of which are directly associated with cancer progression. Consequently, inhibition of Hsp90 can exhibit similar activity as combination therapy as multiple signaling nodes can be targeted simultaneously. In fact, seventeen small-molecule inhibitors that bind the Hsp90 N-terminus entered clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, all of which exhibited pan-inhibitory activity against all four Hsp90 isoforms. Unfortunately, most demonstrated undesired effects alongside induction of the pro-survival heat shock response. As a result, isoform-selective inhibitors have been sought to overcome these detriments. Described herein is a structure-based approach to design Hsp90β-selective inhibitors along with preliminary SAR. In the end, compound 5 was shown to manifest ∼370-fold selectivity for Hsp90β versus Hsp90α, and induced the degradation of select Hsp90β-dependent clients. These data support the development of Hsp90β-selective inhibitors as a new paradigm to overcome the detriments associated with pan-inhibition of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Chaudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Penchala Narasimharao Meka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Caitlin N Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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18
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Patil VM, Masand N, Gupta SP, Blagg BSJ. QSAR Studies to Predict Activity of HSP90 Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:2272-2291. [PMID: 34635040 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211011095858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a multichaperone complex that mediates the maturation and stability of a variety of oncogenic signaling proteins. HSP90 has emerged as a promising target for the development of anticancer agents. Heterocyclic chemical moieties with HSP90 inhibitory activity were studied continuously during the last decades, and resulting data were applied by medicinal chemists to design and develop new drugs. Their structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and QSAR models have been derived to assist the current drug development process. The QSAR models are obtained via multiple linear regression (MLR) and non-linear approaches. Interpretation of the reported model highlights the core template required to design novel, potent HSP90 inhibitors to be used as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali M Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Neeraj Masand
- Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Satya P Gupta
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research, Bhopal, MP. India
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, IN. United States
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19
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Pipalia NH, Saad SZ, Subramanian K, Cross A, Al-Motawa A, Garg K, Blagg BSJ, Neckers L, Helquist P, Wiest O, Ory DS, Maxfield FR. HSP90 inhibitors reduce cholesterol storage in Niemann-Pick type C1 mutant fibroblasts. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100114. [PMID: 34481829 PMCID: PMC8517605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder caused by mutations of the NPC1 gene. More than 300 disease-associated mutations are reported in patients, resulting in abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/Ly) of many cell types. Previously, we showed that treatment of many different NPC1 mutant fibroblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors resulted in reduction of cholesterol storage, and we found that this was associated with enhanced exit of the NPC1 protein from the endoplasmic reticulum and delivery to LE/Ly. This suggested that histone deacetylase inhibitors may work through changes in protein chaperones to enhance the folding of NPC1 mutants, allowing them to be delivered to LE/Ly. In this study, we evaluated the effect of several HSP90 inhibitors on NPC1I1061T skin fibroblasts. We found that HSP90 inhibition resulted in clearance of cholesterol from LE/Ly, and this was associated with enhanced delivery of the mutant NPC1I1061T protein to LE/Ly. We also observed that inhibition of HSP90 increased the expression of HSP70, and overexpression of HSP70 also reduced cholesterol storage in NPC1I1061T fibroblasts. However, we did not see correction of cholesterol storage by arimoclomol, a drug that is reported to increase HSP70 expression, at doses up to 0.5 mM. The increase in other chaperones as a consequence of HSP90 improves folding of NPC1 protein and relieves cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 mutant fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Pipalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Syed Z Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kanagaraj Subramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110
| | - Abigail Cross
- Natural Sciences Department, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023
| | - Aisha Al-Motawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kunal Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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20
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Rodriguez YA, Kaur S, Nolte E, Zheng Z, Blagg BSJ, Dobrowsky RT. Novologue Therapy Requires Heat Shock Protein 70 and Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein to Improve Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Decrease Mitophagy in Diabetic Sensory Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3049-3059. [PMID: 34340312 PMCID: PMC8456717 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes whose pathophysiology is linked to altered mitochondrial bioenergetics (mtBE). KU-596 is a small molecule neurotherapeutic that reverses symptoms of DPN, improves sensory neuron mtBE, and decreases the pro-oxidant protein, thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in a heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)-dependent manner. However, the mechanism by which KU-596 improves mtBE and the role of Txnip in drug efficacy remains unknown. Mitophagy is a quality-control mechanism that selectively targets damaged mitochondria for degradation. The goal of this study was to determine if KU-596 therapy improved DPN, mtBE, and mitophagy in an Hsp70- and Txnip-dependent manner. Mito-QC (MQC) mice express a mitochondrially targeted mCherry-GFP fusion protein that enables visualizing mitophagy. Diabetic MQC, MQC × Hsp70 knockout (KO), and MQC × Txnip KO mice developed sensory and nerve conduction dysfunctions consistent with the onset of DPN. KU-596 therapy improved these measures, and this was dependent on Hsp70 but not Txnip. In MQC mice, diabetes decreased mtBE and increased mitophagy and KU-596 treatment reversed these effects. In contrast, KU-596 was unable to improve mtBE and decrease mitophagy in MQC × Hsp70 and MQC × Txnip KO mice. These data suggest that Txnip is not necessary for the development of the sensory symptoms and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diabetes. KU-596 therapy may improve mitochondrial tolerance to diabetic stress to decrease mitophagic clearance in an Hsp70- and Txnip-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yssa A Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, 5064 Malott Hall/1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Sukmanjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, 5064 Malott Hall/1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Erika Nolte
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, 5064 Malott Hall/1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Zhang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Rick T Dobrowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, 5064 Malott Hall/1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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21
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Abstract
SUMOylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification that involves the covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) polypeptide to a lysine residue of a target protein. The enzymatic pathway of SUMOylation is very similar to ubiquitinylation and involves an activating enzyme, a conjugating enzyme, ligases, and deconjugating enzymes. SUMOylation modulates the function of a number of proteins associated with various pathways, and in fact, dysregulation of the SUMOylation pathway is observed in both cancer and neurological diseases. In many cancers, the SUMO enzymes are upregulated, and SUMO levels correlate directly with prognosis and disease progression. As a result, there has been an emphasis on the discovery and development of inhibitors of SUMOylation. In this review, the latest advances in SUMOylation inhibitors are described alongside the methods used to discover small molecule SUMOylation inhibitors, which include natural products, peptidomimetics, as well as synthetic derivatives identified via virtual screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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22
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Zhou J, Gelot C, Pantelidou C, Li A, Yücel H, Davis RE, Farkkila A, Kochupurakkal B, Syed A, Shapiro GI, Tainer JA, Blagg BSJ, Ceccaldi R, D’Andrea AD. A first-in-class Polymerase Theta Inhibitor selectively targets Homologous-Recombination-Deficient Tumors. Nat Cancer 2021; 2:598-610. [PMID: 34179826 PMCID: PMC8224818 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerase theta (POLθ) is synthetic lethal with Homologous Recombination (HR) deficiency and thus a candidate target for HR-deficient cancers. Through high-throughput small molecule screens we identified the antibiotic Novobiocin (NVB) as a specific POLθ inhibitor that selectively kills HR-deficient tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. NVB directly binds to the POLθ ATPase domain, inhibits its ATPase activity, and phenocopies POLθ depletion. NVB kills HR-deficient breast and ovarian tumors in GEMM, xenograft and PDX models. Increased POLθ levels predict NVB sensitivity, and BRCA-deficient tumor cells with acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are sensitive to NVB in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NVB-mediated cell death in PARPi-resistant cells arises from increased double-strand break end resection, leading to accumulation of single-strand DNA intermediates and non-functional RAD51 foci. Our results demonstrate that NVB may be useful alone or in combination with PARPi in treating HR-deficient tumors, including those with acquired PARPi resistance. (151/150).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Camille Gelot
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Constantia Pantelidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hatice Yücel
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Rachel E. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Anniina Farkkila
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bose Kochupurakkal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aleem Syed
- Departments of Cancer Biology and of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A. Tainer
- Departments of Cancer Biology and of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Raphael Ceccaldi
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France.,Corresponding authors: Alan D. D’Andrea, M.D., Director, Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers (SFSCWC), Director, Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, The Fuller-American Cancer Society Professor, Harvard Medical School, Phone: 617-632-2080, , Raphael Ceccaldi, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France, Phone: +33 (0)1 56 24 69 49,
| | - Alan D. D’Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Corresponding authors: Alan D. D’Andrea, M.D., Director, Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers (SFSCWC), Director, Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, The Fuller-American Cancer Society Professor, Harvard Medical School, Phone: 617-632-2080, , Raphael Ceccaldi, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France, Phone: +33 (0)1 56 24 69 49,
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23
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Mishra SJ, Khandelwal A, Banerjee M, Balch M, Peng S, Davis RE, Merfeld T, Munthali V, Deng J, Matts RL, Blagg BSJ. Selective Inhibition of the Hsp90α Isoform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanket J. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame 305 McCourtney Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Anuj Khandelwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame 305 McCourtney Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame 305 McCourtney Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Maurie Balch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 246 Noble Research Center Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 246 Noble Research Center Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Rachel E. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame 305 McCourtney Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Taylor Merfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame 305 McCourtney Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Vitumbiko Munthali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame 305 McCourtney Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 246 Noble Research Center Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Robert L. Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 246 Noble Research Center Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame 305 McCourtney Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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24
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Mishra SJ, Khandelwal A, Banerjee M, Balch M, Peng S, Davis RE, Merfeld T, Munthali V, Deng J, Matts RL, Blagg BSJ. Selective Inhibition of the Hsp90α Isoform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10547-10551. [PMID: 33621416 PMCID: PMC8086817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that processes nascent polypeptides into their biologically active conformations. Many of these proteins contribute to the progression of cancer, and consequently, inhibition of the Hsp90 protein folding machinery represents an innovative approach toward cancer chemotherapy. However, clinical trials with Hsp90 N-terminal inhibitors have encountered deleterious side effects and toxicities, which appear to result from the pan-inhibition of all four Hsp90 isoforms. Therefore, the development of isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibitors is sought to delineate the pathological role played by each isoform. Herein, we describe a structure-based approach that was used to design the first Hsp90α-selective inhibitors, which exhibit >50-fold selectivity versus other Hsp90 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket J Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Anuj Khandelwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Maurie Balch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 246 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 246 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Rachel E Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Taylor Merfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Vitumbiko Munthali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 246 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Robert L Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 246 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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25
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Banerjee M, Hatial I, Keegan BM, Blagg BSJ. Assay design and development strategies for finding Hsp90 inhibitors and their role in human diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107747. [PMID: 33245994 PMCID: PMC8744950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that facilitates the maturation of its client proteins including protein kinases, transcription factors, and steroid hormone receptors which are structurally and functionally diverse. These client proteins are involved in various cellular signaling pathways, and Hsp90 is implicated in various human diseases including cancer, inflammation, and diseases associated with protein misfolding; thus making Hsp90 a promising target for drug discovery. Some of its client proteins are well-known cancer targets. Instead of targeting these client proteins individually, however, targeting Hsp90 is more practical for cancer drug development. Efforts have been invested in recognizing potential drugs for clinical use that inhibit Hsp90 activity and result in the prevention of Hsp90 client maturation and dampening of subsequent signaling cascades. Here, we discuss current assays and technologies used to find and characterize Hsp90 inhibitors that include biophysical, biochemical, cell-based assays and computational modeling. This review highlights recent discoveries that N-terminal isoform-selective compounds and inhibitors that target the Hsp90 C-terminus that may offer the potential to overcome some of the detriments observed with pan Hsp90 inhibitors. The tools and assays summarized in this review should be used to develop Hsp90-targeting drugs with high specificity, potency, and drug-like properties that may prove immensely useful in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA
| | - Ishita Hatial
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA
| | - Bradley M Keegan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA.
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26
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Tosh DK, Brackett CM, Jung YH, Gao ZG, Banerjee M, Blagg BSJ, Jacobson KA. Biological Evaluation of 5'-( N-Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine Analogues as Grp94-Selective Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:373-379. [PMID: 33738064 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) family of chaperones is highly sought-after for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Glucose regulated protein 94 (Grp94) is the endoplasmic reticulum localized isoform that is responsible for the maturation of proteins involved in cell adhesion and the immune response, including Toll-like receptors, immunoglobulins, and integrins. Consequently, Grp94 has been implicated in many different diseases including cancer metastasis, glaucoma, and viral infection. 5'-(N-Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) was identified from a high-throughput screen as one of the first molecules to exhibit isoform selectivity toward Grp94, with the ethyl group projecting into a unique pocket within the ATP binding site of Grp94. This pocket has since been exploited by several groups to develop Grp94 selective inhibitors. Despite success in the development of other classes of inhibitors, relatively little work has been done to further develop inhibitors with the NECA scaffold. Unfortunately, NECA is also a potent adenosine receptor agonist, which is likely to confound any biological activity. Therefore, structure-activity relationship studies were performed on the NECA scaffold leading to the discovery of several molecules that displayed similar selectivity and affinity as the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Young-Hwan Jung
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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27
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Heck AL, Mishra S, Prenzel T, Feulner L, Achhammer E, Särchen V, Blagg BSJ, Schneider-Brachert W, Schütze S, Fritsch J. Selective HSP90β inhibition results in TNF and TRAIL mediated HIF1α degradation. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152070. [PMID: 33639524 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via TNF-R1 mediates pleiotropic biological outcomes ranging from inflammation and proliferation to cell death. Previous reports demonstrated that pro-survival signaling emanates from membrane resident TNF-R1 complexes (complex I) while only internalized TNF-R1 complexes are capable for DISC formation (complex II) and thus, apoptosis induction. Internalized TNF-R1 containing endosomes undergo intracellular maturation towards lysosomes, resulting in activation and release of Cathepsin D (CtsD) into the cytoplasm. We recently revealed HSP90 as target for proteolytic cleavage by CtsD, resulting in cell death amplification. In this study, we show that extrinsic cell death activation via TNF or TRAIL results in HSP90β degradation. Co-incubation of cells with either TNF or TRAIL in combination with the HSP90β inhibitor KUNB105 but not HSP90α selective inhibition promotes apoptosis induction. In an attempt to reveal further downstream targets of combined TNF-R1 or TRAIL-R1/-R2 activation with HSP90β inhibition, we identify HIF1α and validate its ligand:inhibitor triggered degradation. Together, these findings suggest that selective inhibition of HSP90 isoforms together with death ligand stimulation may provide novel strategies for therapy of inflammatory diseases or cancer, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Heck
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - S Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - T Prenzel
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Feulner
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Achhammer
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Särchen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - B S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - W Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - J Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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28
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Mishra SJ, Liu W, Beebe K, Banerjee M, Kent CN, Munthali V, Koren J, Taylor JA, Neckers LM, Holzbeierlein J, Blagg BSJ. The Development of Hsp90β-Selective Inhibitors to Overcome Detriments Associated with pan-Hsp90 Inhibition. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1545-1557. [PMID: 33428418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 90 kD heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are molecular chaperones that are responsible for the folding of select proteins, many of which are directly associated with cancer progression. Consequently, inhibition of the Hsp90 protein folding machinery results in a combinatorial attack on numerous oncogenic pathways. Seventeen small-molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 have entered clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, all of which bind the Hsp90 N-terminus and exhibit pan-inhibitory activity against all four Hsp90 isoforms, which may lead to adverse effects. The development of Hsp90 isoform-selective inhibitors represents an alternative approach toward the treatment of cancer and may limit some of these detriments. Described herein, is a structure-based approach to develop isoform-selective inhibitors of Hsp90β, which induces the degradation of select Hsp90 clients without concomitant induction of Hsp90 levels. Together, these initial studies support the development of Hsp90β-selective inhibitors as a method for overcoming the detriments associated with pan-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket J Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Weiya Liu
- Department of Urologic Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Kristin Beebe
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Caitlin N Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vitumbiko Munthali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - John Koren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urologic Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey Holzbeierlein
- Department of Urologic Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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29
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Chaudhury S, Keegan BM, Blagg BSJ. The role and therapeutic potential of Hsp90, Hsp70, and smaller heat shock proteins in peripheral and central neuropathies. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:202-222. [PMID: 32844464 PMCID: PMC8485878 DOI: 10.1002/med.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that also play important roles in the activation of the heat shock response (HSR). The HSR is an evolutionary conserved and protective mechanism that is used to counter abnormal physiological conditions, stressors, and disease states, such as those exemplified in cancer and/or neurodegeneration. In normal cells, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), the transcription factor that regulates the HSR, remains in a dormant multiprotein complex that is formed upon association with chaperones (Hsp90, Hsp70, etc.), co-chaperones, and client proteins. However, under cellular stress, HSF-1 dissociates from Hsp90 and induces the transcriptional upregulation of Hsp70 to afford protection against the encountered cellular stress. As a consequence of both peripheral and central neuropathies, cellular stress occurs and results in the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins, which can be counterbalanced by activation of the HSR. Since Hsp90 is the primary regulator of the HSR, modulation of Hsp90 by small molecules represents an attractive therapeutic approach against both peripheral and central neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Chaudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Bradley M Keegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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30
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Brackett CM, García-Casas A, Castillo-Lluva S, Blagg BSJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of Ginkgolic Acid Derivatives as SUMOylation Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2221-2226. [PMID: 33214832 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification that has been shown to modulate protein activity associated with various signaling pathways, and consequently, it has emerged as an important therapeutic target. While several natural products have been shown to inhibit enzymes involved in the SUMOylation process, there has been little progress toward the development of more selective and potent SUMOylation inhibitors. Ginkgolic acid was one of the first natural products discovered to inhibit the SUMO E1 enzyme. Despite its use to mechanistically investigate the SUMOylation process, ginkgolic acid also modulates other pathways as well. In this Letter, preliminary structure-activity relationships for ginkgolic acid as a SUMOylation inhibitor are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ana García-Casas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, España
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, España
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, España
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, España
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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31
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Sanchez J, Carter TR, Cohen MS, Blagg BSJ. Old and New Approaches to Target the Hsp90 Chaperone. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:253-270. [PMID: 31793427 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191202101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that ensures cellular proteostasis by maintaining the folding, stabilization, activation, and degradation of over 400 client proteins. Hsp90 is not only critical for routine protein maintenance in healthy cells, but also during states of cellular stress, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its ability to affect phosphorylation of numerous client proteins, inhibition of Hsp90 has been an attractive anticancer approach since the early 1990's, when researchers identified a druggable target on the amino terminus of Hsp90 for a variety of cancers. Since then, 17 Hsp90 inhibitors that target the chaperone's Nterminal domain, have entered clinical trials. None, however, have been approved thus far by the FDA as a cancer monotherapy. In these trials, a major limitation observed with Hsp90 inhibition at the N-terminal domain was dose-limiting toxicities and relatively poor pharmacokinetic profiles. Despite this, preclinical and clinical research continues to show that Hsp90 inhibitors effectively target cancer cell death and decrease tumor progression supporting the rationale for the development of novel Hsp90 inhibitors. Here, we present an in-depth overview of the Hsp90 inhibitors used in clinical trials. Finally, we present current shifts in the field related to targeting the carboxy-terminal domain of Hsp90 as well as to the development of isoform-selective inhibitors as a means to bypass the pitfalls of current Hsp90 inhibitors and improve clinical trial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackee Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Trever R Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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32
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Tomašič T, Durcik M, Keegan BM, Skledar DG, Zajec Ž, Blagg BSJ, Bryant SD. Discovery of Novel Hsp90 C-Terminal Inhibitors Using 3D-Pharmacophores Derived from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186898. [PMID: 32962253 PMCID: PMC7555175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 C-terminal domain (CTD) inhibitors are promising novel agents for cancer treatment, as they do not induce the heat shock response associated with Hsp90 N-terminal inhibitors. One challenge associated with CTD inhibitors is the lack of a co-crystallized complex, requiring the use of predicted allosteric apo pocket, limiting structure-based (SB) design approaches. To address this, a unique approach that enables the derivation and analysis of interactions between ligands and proteins from molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories was used to derive pharmacophore models for virtual screening (VS) and identify suitable binding sites for SB design. Furthermore, ligand-based (LB) pharmacophores were developed using a set of CTD inhibitors to compare VS performance with the MD derived models. Virtual hits identified by VS with both SB and LB models were tested for antiproliferative activity. Compounds 9 and 11 displayed antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 and Hep G2 cancer cell lines. Compound 11 inhibited Hsp90-dependent refolding of denatured luciferase and induced the degradation of Hsp90 clients without the concomitant induction of Hsp70 levels. Furthermore, compound 11 offers a unique scaffold that is promising for the further synthetic optimization and development of molecules needed for the evaluation of the Hsp90 CTD as a target for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (D.G.S.); (Ž.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4769-556
| | - Martina Durcik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (D.G.S.); (Ž.Z.)
| | - Bradley M. Keegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (B.M.K.); (B.S.J.B.)
| | - Darja Gramec Skledar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (D.G.S.); (Ž.Z.)
| | - Živa Zajec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (D.G.S.); (Ž.Z.)
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (B.M.K.); (B.S.J.B.)
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- Inte:Ligand Softwareentwicklungs- und Consulting GmbH, Mariahilferstrasse 74B, 1070 Vienna, Austria;
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33
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Pugh KW, Zhang Z, Wang J, Xu X, Munthali V, Zuo A, Blagg BSJ. From Bacteria to Cancer: A Benzothiazole-Based DNA Gyrase B Inhibitor Redesigned for Hsp90 C-Terminal Inhibition. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1535-1538. [PMID: 32832020 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that is responsible for the folding and maturation of client proteins that are associated with all ten hallmarks of cancer. Hsp90 N-terminal pan inhibitors have experienced unfavorable results in clinical trials due to induction of the heat shock response (HSR), among other concerns. Novobiocin, a well characterized DNA gyrase B inhibitor, was identified as the first Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitor that manifested anticancer effects without induction of the HSR. In this letter, a library of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors derived from a benzothiazole-based scaffold, known to inhibit DNA gyrase B, was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Several compounds were found to manifest low micromolar activity against both MCF-7 and SKBr3 breast cancer cell lines via Hsp90 C-terminal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler W. Pugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46545, United States
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46545, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Vitumbiko Munthali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46545, United States
| | - Ang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46545, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46545, United States
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34
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Subramanian C, Gorney R, Wang T, Ge D, Zhang N, Zuo A, Blagg BSJ, Cohen MS. A novel heat shock protein inhibitor KU757 with efficacy in lenvatinib-resistant follicular thyroid cancer cells overcomes up-regulated glycolysis in drug-resistant cells in vitro. Surgery 2020; 169:34-42. [PMID: 32718802 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer develop resistance to lenvatinib treatment from metabolic dysregulation. Heat shock protein 90 is a molecular chaperone that plays an important role in glycolysis and metabolic pathway regulation. We hypothesize that lenvatinib-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer cells will have an increased dependency on glycolysis and that a novel C-terminal heat shock protein 90 inhibitor (KU757) can effectively treat lenvatinib-resistant cells by targeting glycolysis. METHODS Inhibitory concentration 50 values of thyroid cancer cells were determined by CellTiter-Glo assay (Promega Corp, Madison, WI). Glycolysis was measured through Seahorse experiments. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot evaluated glycolytic pathway genes/proteins. Exosomes were isolated/validated by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blot. Differentially expressed long non-coding ribonucleic acids in exosomes and cells were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Extracellular acidification rate demonstrated >2-fold upregulation of glycolysis in lenvatinib-resistant cells versus parent cells and was downregulated after KU757 treatment. Lenvatinib-resistant cells showed increased expression of the glycolytic genes lactic acid dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase M1/2, and hexokinase 2. KU757 treatment resulted in downregulation of these genes and proteins. Several long non-coding ribonucleic acids associated with glycolysis were significantly upregulated in WRO-lenvatinib-resistant cells and exosomes and downregulated after KU757 treatment. CONCLUSION Lenvatinib resistance leads to increased glycolysis, and KU757 effectively treats lenvatinib-resistant cells and overcomes this increased glycolysis by targeting key glycolytic genes, proteins, and long non-coding ribonucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Gorney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ton Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Derek Ge
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nina Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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35
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Subramanian C, Grogan PT, Wang T, Bazzill J, Zuo A, White PT, Kalidindi A, Kuszynski D, Wang G, Blagg BSJ, Cohen MS. Novel C-terminal heat shock protein 90 inhibitors target breast cancer stem cells and block migration, self-renewal, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2058-2068. [PMID: 32255264 PMCID: PMC7463342 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), evidence suggests that tumor‐initiating cells (TIC) have stem cell‐like properties, leading to invasion and metastasis. HSP90 plays a critical role in the conformational maintenance of many client proteins in TIC development. Therefore, we hypothesize that the novel C‐terminal HSP90 inhibitors KU711 and KU758 can target TIC and represent a promising strategy for overcoming metastasis. Human breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐468LN, MDA‐MB‐231) treated with the HSP90 inhibitors KU711, KU758, and 17‐AAG showed a 50–80% decrease in TIC markers CD44 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (P < 0.01) as assessed by flow cytometry. A decrease in sphere formation, which was used to assess self‐renewal, was observed after the treatment of TNBC cells starting at 2.5 µm KU711 and 0.31 µm KU758. KU compounds also blocked the invasion and migration of TNBC cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The knockdown of HSP90 clients was observed without any change in prosurvival HSP70 levels. In vivo, in a murine orthotopic breast cancer model, treatment with KU758 and KU711 yielded an approximately twofold and a fourfold reduction in tumor volumes versus control, respectively, without demonstrated toxicity. In conclusion, C‐terminal HSP90 inhibitors are potent novel therapeutics against TNBC in vitro and in vivo as they target TICs and block invasion, EMT transition, and self‐renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick T Grogan
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ton Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph Bazzill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Peter T White
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Dawn Kuszynski
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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36
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Duron DI, Lei W, Barker NK, Stine C, Mishra S, Blagg BSJ, Langlais PR, Streicher JM. Inhibition of Hsp90 in the spinal cord enhances the antinociceptive effects of morphine by activating an ERK-RSK pathway. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/630/eaaz1854. [PMID: 32371496 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Morphine and other opioids are commonly used to treat pain despite their numerous adverse side effects. Modulating μ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling is one way to potentially improve opioid therapy. In mice, the chaperone protein Hsp90 mediates MOR signaling within the brain. Here, we found that inhibiting Hsp90 specifically in the spinal cord enhanced the antinociceptive effects of morphine in mice. Intrathecal, but not systemic, administration of the Hsp90 inhibitors 17-AAG or KU-32 amplified the effects of morphine in suppressing sensitivity to both thermal and mechanical stimuli in mice. Hsp90 inhibition enabled opioid-induced phosphorylation of the kinase ERK and increased abundance of the kinase RSK in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, which are heavily populated with primary afferent sensory neurons. The additive effects of Hsp90 inhibition were abolished upon intrathecal inhibition of ERK, RSK, or protein synthesis. This mechanism downstream of MOR, localized to the spinal cord and repressed by Hsp90, may potentially be used to enhance the efficacy and presumably decrease the side effects of opioid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Duron
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Natalie K Barker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Carrie Stine
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sanket Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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37
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Bejarano P, Duron D, Mishra S, Blagg BSJ, Streicher JM. Identification of the Hsp90 Isoforms and Co‐Chaperones that Repress Opioid Anti‐Nociception in the Spinal Cord. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Hilton M, Brackett CM, Mercado BQ, Blagg BSJ, Miller SJ. Catalysis-Enabled Access to Cryptic Geldanamycin Oxides. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:426-435. [PMID: 32232143 PMCID: PMC7099596 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic, selective modifications of natural products can be a fertile platform for not only unveiling new natural product analogues with altered biological activity, but also for revealing new reactivity and selectivity hierarchies for embedded functional groups in complex environments. Motivated by these intersecting aims, we report site- and stereoselective oxidation reactions of geldanamycin facilitated by aspartyl-peptide catalysts. Through the isolation and characterization of four new geldanamycin oxides, we discovered a synergistic effect between lead peptide-based catalysts and geldanamycin, resulting in an unexpected reaction pathway. Curiously, our discoveries would likely not have been possible absent the attractive noncovalent interactions intrinsic to both the catalysts and the natural product. The result is a set of new "meta" catalytic reactions that deliver both unknown and previously incompletely characterized geldanamycin analogues. Enabled by the catalytic, site-selective epoxidation of geldanamycin, biological assays were carried out to document the bioactivities of the new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret
J. Hilton
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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39
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Lei W, Duron DI, Stine C, Mishra S, Blagg BSJ, Streicher JM. The Alpha Isoform of Heat Shock Protein 90 and the Co-chaperones p23 and Cdc37 Promote Opioid Anti-nociception in the Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:294. [PMID: 31849607 PMCID: PMC6895903 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid activation of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) promotes signaling cascades that evoke both analgesic responses to pain and side effects like addiction and dependence. Manipulation of these cascades, such as by biased agonism, has great promise to improve opioid therapy. However, the signaling cascades of the MOR are in general poorly understood, providing few targets for drug development. In our earlier work, we identified Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as a novel and crucial regulator of opioid anti-nociception in the brain by promoting ERK MAPK activation. In this study, we sought to identify the molecular isoforms and co-chaperones by which Hsp90 carried out this role, which could provide specific targets for future clinical intervention. We used novel selective small molecule inhibitors as well as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing constructs delivered by the intracerebroventricular (icv) route to the brains of adult CD-1 mice to target Hsp90 isoforms (Hsp90α/β, Grp94) and co-chaperones (p23, Cdc37, Aha1). We found that inhibition of the isoform Hsp90α fully blocked morphine anti-nociception in a model of post-surgical paw incision pain, while blocking ERK and JNK MAPK activation, suggesting Hsp90α as the main regulator of opioid response in the brain. We further found that inhibition of the co-chaperones p23 and Cdc37 blocked morphine anti-nociception, suggesting that these co-chaperones assist Hsp90α in promoting opioid anti-nociception. Lastly, we used cycloheximide treatment in the brain to demonstrate that rapid protein translation within 30 min of opioid treatment is required for Hsp90 regulation of opioid response. Together these studies provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which Hsp90 promotes opioid anti-nociception. These findings thus both improve our basic science knowledge of MOR signal transduction and could provide future targets for clinical intervention to improve opioid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC, United States
| | - David I. Duron
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Carrie Stine
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sanket Mishra
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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40
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Zhang Z, Banerjee M, Davis RE, Blagg BSJ. Mitochondrial-targeted Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors manifest anti-proliferative activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126676. [PMID: 31591016 PMCID: PMC8483072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of C-terminal heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) inhibitors has emerged as a potential treatment for cancer. Similarly, small molecules that target the mitochondria have proven to be efficacious towards cancer, as the reprogramming of mitochondrial function is often associated with oncogenic transformation. Herein, we report the development of triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-conjugated Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors, their anti-proliferative activity, and accumulation in the mitochondria. In general, TPP-conjugated Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors were found to manifest increased activity against various cancer cell lines when compared to the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Rachel E Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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41
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Shi T, Wijeratne EMK, Solano C, Ambrose AJ, Ross AB, Norwood C, Orido CK, Grigoryan T, Tillotson J, Kang M, Luo G, Keegan BM, Hu W, Blagg BSJ, Zhang DD, Gunatilaka AAL, Chapman E. An Isoform-Selective PTP1B Inhibitor Derived from Nitrogen-Atom Augmentation of Radicicol. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3225-3231. [PMID: 31298844 PMCID: PMC8610018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A library of natural products and their derivatives was screened for inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B, which is a validated drug target for the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes. Of those active in the preliminary assay, the most promising was compound 2 containing a novel pyrrolopyrazoloisoquinolone scaffold derived by treating radicicol (1) with hydrazine. This nitrogen-atom augmented radicicol derivative was found to be PTP1B selective relative to other highly homologous nonreceptor PTPs. Biochemical evaluation, molecular docking, and mutagenesis revealed 2 to be an allosteric inhibitor of PTP1B with a submicromolar Ki. Cellular analyses using C2C12 myoblasts indicated that 2 restored insulin signaling and increased glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 200062
| | - E. M. Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Cristian Solano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Andrew J. Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Alison B. Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Charles Norwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Charles K. Orido
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tigran Grigoryan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Joseph Tillotson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Minjin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Bradley M. Keegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510006
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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42
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Abstract
Both Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones are overexpressed in cancer, making them relevant targets for the development of cancer chemotherapeutics, but a lack of biomolecular readouts for Hsp70 inhibition has limited the pursuit of specific inhibitors for this enzyme. A new study from Cesa et al. identifies two inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) as specific client substrates of Hsp70. These results establish biomarkers that can be utilized to monitor Hsp70 inhibition and provide a framework for future efforts to deconvolute chaperone networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Byrd
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46545
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46545
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43
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Abstract
AT13387 is an orally bioavailable clinical candidate developed to inhibit theheat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). This article describes a modified synthetic route for the multi-gram production of AT13387 in 46% overall yield. The modified synthetic route is short, avoids stringent reaction conditions and difficult purifications, which led to increase in an overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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44
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Zhang Z, You Z, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Synthesis and evaluation of a ring-constrained Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitor that exhibits neuroprotective activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2701-2704. [PMID: 29759728 PMCID: PMC6119633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
KU-596 is a second-generation C-terminal heat shock protein 90 KDa (Hsp90) modulator based on the natural product, novobiocin. KU-596 has been shown to induce Hsp70 levels and manifest neuroprotective activity through induction of the heat shock response. A ring-constrained analog of KU-596 was designed and synthesized to probe its binding orientation and ability to induce Hsp70 levels. Compound 2 was found to exhibit comparable or increased activity compared to KU-596, which is under clinical investigation for the treatment of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Zhenyuan You
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Rick T Dobrowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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45
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Kumar Mv V, Ebna Noor R, Davis RE, Zhang Z, Sipavicius E, Keramisanou D, Blagg BSJ, Gelis I. Molecular insights into the interaction of Hsp90 with allosteric inhibitors targeting the C-terminal domain. Medchemcomm 2018; 9:1323-1331. [PMID: 30151087 PMCID: PMC6097425 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unique to targeting the C-terminal domain of Hsp90 (C-Hsp90) is the ability to uncouple the cytotoxic and cytoprotective outcomes of Hsp90 modulation. After the identification of novobiocin as a C-Hsp90 interacting ligand a diverse gamut of novologues emerged, from which KU-32 and KU-596 exhibited strong neuroprotective activity. However, further development of these ligands is hampered by the difficulty to obtain structural information on their complexes with Hsp90. Using saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy, we found that the primary binding epitopes of KU-32 and KU596 map at the ring systems of the ligands and specifically the coumarin and biphenyl structures, respectively. Based on both relative and absolute STD effects, we identified KU-596 sites that can be explored to design novel third-generation novologues. In addition, chemical shift perturbations obtained by methyl-TROSY reveal that novologues bind at the cryptic, C-Hsp90 ATP-binding pocket and produce global, long-range structural rearrangements to dimeric Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Kumar Mv
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33620 , USA .
| | - Radwan Ebna Noor
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33620 , USA .
| | - Rachel E Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46545 , USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46545 , USA
| | - Edvinas Sipavicius
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33620 , USA .
| | - Dimitra Keramisanou
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33620 , USA .
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46545 , USA
| | - Ioannis Gelis
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33620 , USA .
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46
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Forsberg LK, Davis RE, Wimalasena VK, Blagg BSJ. Exploiting polarity and chirality to probe the Hsp90 C-terminus. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3096-3110. [PMID: 29720349 PMCID: PMC6008240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the Hsp90 C-terminus is an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. Novobiocin, the first Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitor identified, contains a synthetically complex noviose sugar that has limited the generation of structure-activity relationships for this region of the molecule. The work described herein utilizes various ring systems as noviose surrogates to explore the size and nature of the surrounding binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Forsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Rachel E Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Virangika K Wimalasena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
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47
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Huard DJE, Crowley VM, Du Y, Cordova RA, Sun Z, Tomlin MO, Dickey CA, Koren J, Blair L, Fu H, Blagg BSJ, Lieberman RL. Trifunctional High-Throughput Screen Identifies Promising Scaffold To Inhibit Grp94 and Treat Myocilin-Associated Glaucoma. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:933-941. [PMID: 29402077 PMCID: PMC6195314 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations within the olfactomedin (OLF) domain of myocilin result in its toxic intracellular accumulation and hasten the onset of open-angle glaucoma. The absence of myocilin does not cause disease; therefore, strategies aimed at eliminating myocilin could lead to a successful glaucoma treatment. The endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90 paralog Grp94 accelerates OLF aggregation. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Grp94 in cells facilitates clearance of mutant myocilin via a non-proteasomal pathway. Here, we expanded our support for targeting Grp94 over cytosolic paralogs Hsp90α and Hsp90β. We then developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify new chemical matter capable of disrupting the Grp94/OLF interaction. When applied to a blind, focused library of 17 Hsp90 inhibitors, our miniaturized single-read in vitro thioflavin T -based kinetics aggregation assay exclusively identified compounds that target the chaperone N-terminal nucleotide binding site. In follow up studies, one compound (2) decreased the extent of co-aggregation of Grp94 with OLF in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, and enabled clearance of the aggregation-prone full-length myocilin variant I477N in cells without inducing the heat shock response or causing cytotoxicity. Comparison of the co-crystal structure of compound 2 and another non-selective hit in complex with the N-terminal domain of Grp94 reveals a docking mode tailored to Grp94 and explains its selectivity. A new lead compound has been identified, supporting a targeted chemical biology assay approach to develop a protein degradation-based therapy for myocilin-associated glaucoma by selectively inhibiting Grp94.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent M. Crowley
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Department of Pharmacology, Emory University
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas
| | - Ricardo A. Cordova
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Zheying Sun
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Moya O. Tomlin
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - John Koren
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Laura Blair
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Department of Pharmacology, Emory University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame
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48
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Que NLS, Crowley VM, Duerfeldt AS, Zhao J, Kent CN, Blagg BSJ, Gewirth DT. Structure Based Design of a Grp94-Selective Inhibitor: Exploiting a Key Residue in Grp94 To Optimize Paralog-Selective Binding. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29528635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Grp94 and Hsp90, the ER and cytoplasmic hsp90 paralogs, share a conserved ATP-binding pocket that has been targeted for therapeutics. Paralog-selective inhibitors may lead to drugs with fewer side effects. Here, we analyzed 1 (BnIm), a benzyl imidazole resorcinylic inhibitor, for its mode of binding. The structures of 1 bound to Hsp90 and Grp94 reveal large conformational changes in Grp94 but not Hsp90 that expose site 2, a binding pocket adjacent to the central ATP cavity that is ordinarily blocked. The Grp94:1 structure reveals a flipped pose of the resorcinylic scaffold that inserts into the exposed site 2. We exploited this flipped binding pose to develop a Grp94-selective derivative of 1. Our structural analysis shows that the ability of the ligand to insert its benzyl imidazole substituent into site 1, a different side pocket off the ATP binding cavity, is the key to exposing site 2 in Grp94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette L S Que
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Vincent M Crowley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Adam S Duerfeldt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Caitlin N Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States.,Department of Structural Biology , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
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49
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Zhang X, Li C, Fowler SC, Zhang Z, Blagg BSJ, Dobrowsky RT. Targeting Heat Shock Protein 70 to Ameliorate c-Jun Expression and Improve Demyelinating Neuropathy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:381-390. [PMID: 29120605 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the c-jun transcription factor occurs in a variety of human neuropathies and is critical in promoting Schwann cell (SC) dedifferentiation and loss of the myelinated phenotype. Using cell culture models, we previously identified KU-32 as a novobiocin-based C-terminal heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor that decreased c-jun expression and the extent of demyelination. Additional chemical optimization has yielded KU-596 as a neuroprotective novologue whose mechanistic efficacy to improve a metabolic neuropathy requires the expression of Hsp70. The current study examined whether KU-596 therapy could decrease c-jun expression and improve motor function in an inducible transgenic model of a SC-specific demyelinating neuropathy (MPZ-Raf mice). Treating MPZ-Raf mice with tamoxifen activates the MAPK kinase pathway, increases c-jun expression and produces a profound demyelinating neuropathy characterized by a loss of motor function and paraparesis. KU-596 therapy did not interfere with MAPK activation but reduced c-jun expression, significantly improved motor performance, and ameliorated the extent of peripheral nerve demyelination in both prevention and intervention studies. Hsp70 was necessary for the drug's neuroprotective efficacy since MPZ-Raf × Hsp70 knockout mice did not respond to KU-596 therapy. Collectively, our data indicate that modulating Hsp70 may provide a novel therapeutic approach to attenuate SC c-jun expression and ameliorate the onset of certain demyelinating neuropathies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Stephen C. Fowler
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Rick T. Dobrowsky
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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50
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Forsberg LK, Anyika M, You Z, Emery S, McMullen M, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Development of noviomimetics that modulate molecular chaperones and manifest neuroprotective effects. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1428-1435. [PMID: 29137866 PMCID: PMC5736410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a chaperone under investigation for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroprotective Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors derived from novobiocin (novologues) include KU-32 and KU-596. These novologues modulate molecular chaperones and result in an induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70). "Noviomimetics" replace the synthetically complex noviose sugar with a simple cyclohexyl moiety to maintain biological efficacy as compared to novologues KU-596 and KU-32. In this study, we further explore the development of noviomimetics and evaluate their efficacy using a luciferase refolding assay, immunoblot analysis, a c-jun assay, and an assay measuring mitochondrial bioenergetics. These new noviomimetics were designed and synthesized and found to induce Hsp70 and improve biological activity. Noviomimetics 39e and 40a were found to induce Hsp70 and exhibit promising effects in cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Forsberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, United States
| | - Mercy Anyika
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, United States
| | - Zhenyuan You
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Sean Emery
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Mason McMullen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Rick T Dobrowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 305 McCourtney Hall, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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