1
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Mii Y. Understanding and manipulating extracellular behaviors of Wnt ligands. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:441-448. [PMID: 38379096 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Wnt, a family of secreted signaling proteins, serves diverse functions in embryogenesis, organogenesis, cancer, and stem cell functions. In the context of development, Wnt has been considered a representative morphogen, forming concentration gradients to give positional information to cells or tissues. However, although gradients are often illustrated in schemata, the reality of concentration gradients, or in other words, actual spatial distribution of Wnt ligands, and their behaviors in the extracellular space still remain poorly known. To understand extracellular behavior of Wnt ligands, quantitative analyses such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) are highly informative because Wnt dispersal involves physical and biochemical processes, such as diffusion and binding to or dissociation from cell surface molecules, including heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Here, I briefly discuss representative methods to quantify morphogen dynamics. In addition, I discuss molecular manipulations of morphogens, mainly focusing on use of protein binders, and synthetic biology of morphogens as indicators of current and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mii
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) and Exploratory Research Center On Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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2
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La CC, Smith SA, Kalathottukaren MT, Haynes CA, Morrissey JH, Kizhakkedathu JN. External Trigger Free Charge Switchable Cationic Ligands in the Design of Safe and Effective Universal Heparin Antidote. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400108. [PMID: 38537246 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis, the formation of blood clots within a blood vessel, can lead to severe complications including pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, and stroke. The most widely administered class of anticoagulants is heparin-based anticoagulants such as unfractionated heparin, low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), and fondaparinux. Protamine is the only FDA-approved heparin antidote. Protamine has limited efficacy neutralizing LMWHs and no reversal activity against fondaparinux. The use of protamine can lead to complications, including excessive bleeding, hypotension, and hypersensitivity, and has narrow therapeutic window. In this work, a new concept in the design of a universal heparin antidote: switchable protonation of cationic ligands, is presented. A library of macromolecular polyanion inhibitors (MPIs) is synthesized and screened to identify molecules that can neutralize all heparins with high selectivity and reduced toxicity. MPIs are developed by assembling cationic binding groups possessing switchable protonation states onto a polymer scaffold. By strategically selecting the identity and modulating the density of cationic binding groups on the polymer scaffold, a superior universal heparin reversal agent is developed with improved heparin-binding activity and increased hemocompatibility profiles leading to minimal effect on hemostasis. The activity of this heparin antidote is demonstrated using in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel C La
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Manu Thomas Kalathottukaren
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charles A Haynes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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3
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Sen S, Sharma P, Pal VK, Roy S. Designing Cardin-Motif Peptide and Heparin-Based Multicomponent Advanced Bioactive Hydrogel Scaffolds to Control Cellular Behavior. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4923-4938. [PMID: 37909341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, peptide and sugar-based multicomponent systems have gained much interest in attaining the sophisticated structure and biofunctional complexity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To this direction, we have designed for the first time a biologically relevant minimalist Cardin-motif peptide capable of binding ECM-derived glycosaminoglycans. Herein, we explored Cardin-motif peptide and heparin-based biomolecular matrix by employing simple noncovalent interactions at the molecular level. Interestingly, this peptide was inadequate to induce hydrogelation at ambient pH due to the presence of basic amino acids. However, addition of heparin successfully triggered its gelation at physiological pH following favorable electrostatic interactions with heparin. Importantly, the newly developed scaffolds displayed tunable nanofibrous morphology and superior mechanical properties as controlled simply by the differential mixing ratio of both biomolecular entities. Additionally, these composite scaffolds could closely mimic the complexity of ECM as they demonstrated superior biocompatibility and enhanced growth and proliferation of neural cells as compared to the peptide scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sen
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector 81, Knowledge City, 140306 Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector 81, Knowledge City, 140306 Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Vijay Kumar Pal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector 81, Knowledge City, 140306 Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Sangita Roy
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector 81, Knowledge City, 140306 Mohali, Punjab India
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4
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Mantsou A, Papachristou E, Keramidas P, Lamprou P, Pitou M, Papi RM, Dimitriou K, Aggeli A, Choli-Papadopoulou T. Fabrication of a Smart Fibrous Biomaterial That Harbors an Active TGF-β1 Peptide: A Promising Approach for Cartilage Regeneration. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1890. [PMID: 37509529 PMCID: PMC10377373 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of articular cartilage remains a serious problem in various pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis, due to the tissue's low self-healing capacity. The latest therapeutic approaches focus on the construction of biomaterials that induce cartilage repair. This research describes the design, synthesis, and investigation of a safe, "smart", fibrous scaffold containing a genetically incorporated active peptide for chondrogenic induction. While possessing specific sequences and the respective mechanical properties from natural fibrous proteins, the fibers also incorporate a Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-derived peptide (YYVGRKPK) that can promote chondrogenesis. The scaffold formed stable porous networks with shear-thinning properties at 37 °C, as shown by SEM imaging and rheological characterization, and were proven to be non-toxic to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Its chondrogenic capacity was evidenced by a strong increase in the expression of specific chondrogenesis gene markers SOX9, COL2, ACAN, TGFBR1A, and TGFBR2 in cells cultured on "scaffold-TGFβ1" for 21 days and by increased phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins Smad-2 and Erk-1/2. Additionally, intense staining of glycosaminoglycans was observed in these cells. According to our results, "scaffold-TGFβ1" is proposed for clinical studies as a safe, injectable treatment for cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Mantsou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Keramidas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Lamprou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Pitou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rigini M Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Dimitriou
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A', School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amalia Aggeli
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A', School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Linkova N, Khavinson V, Diatlova A, Myakisheva S, Ryzhak G. Peptide Regulation of Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098415. [PMID: 37176122 PMCID: PMC10179481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for innovative ways to treat osteoarthritis (OA) is an urgent task for molecular medicine and biogerontology. OA leads to disability in persons of middle and older age, while safe and effective methods of treating OA have not yet been discovered. The directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes is considered one of the possible methods to treat OA. This review describes the main molecules involved in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. The peptides synthesized on the basis of growth factors' structures (SK2.1, BMP, B2A, and SSPEPS) and components of the extracellular matrix of cartilage tissue (LPP, CFOGER, CMP, RDG, and N-cadherin mimetic peptide) offer the greatest promise for the regulation of the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. These peptides regulate the WNT, ERK-p38, and Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathways, gene expression, and the synthesis of chondrogenic differentiation proteins such as COL2, SOX9, ACAN, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Linkova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr. 3, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Khavinson
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr. 3, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russia Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb. 6, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Diatlova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr. 3, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Myakisheva
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr. 3, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina Ryzhak
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo pr. 3, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Mantsou A, Papachristou E, Keramidas P, Lamprou P, Pavlidis A, Papi RM, Dimitriou K, Aggeli A, Choli-Papadopoulou T. A Novel Drastic Peptide Genetically Adapted to Biomimetic Scaffolds "Delivers" Osteogenic Signals to Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1236. [PMID: 37049329 PMCID: PMC10096854 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design, preparation, and deep investigation of "intelligent nanobiomaterials" that fulfill the safety rules and aim to serve as "signal deliverers" for osteogenesis, harboring a specific peptide that promotes and enhances osteogenesis at the end of their hydrogel fibers. The de novo synthesized protein fibers, besides their mechanical properties owed to their protein constituents from elastin, silk fibroin and mussel-foot adhesive protein-1 as well as to cell-attachment peptides from extracellular matrix glycoproteins, incorporate the Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP2) peptide (AISMLYLDEN) that, according to our studies, serves as "signal deliverer" for osteogenesis. The osteogenetic capacity of the biomaterial has been evidenced by investigating the osteogenic marker genes ALP, RUNX2, Osteocalcin, COL1A1, BMPR1A, and BMPR2, which were increased drastically in cells cultured on scaffold-BMP2 for 21 days, even in the absence of osteogenesis medium. In addition, the induction of phosphorylation of intracellular Smad-1/5 and Erk-1/2 proteins clearly supported the osteogenetic capacity of the biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Mantsou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.M.); (E.P.); (P.K.); (P.L.); (A.P.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.M.); (E.P.); (P.K.); (P.L.); (A.P.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Keramidas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.M.); (E.P.); (P.K.); (P.L.); (A.P.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Paraskevas Lamprou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.M.); (E.P.); (P.K.); (P.L.); (A.P.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Alexandros Pavlidis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.M.); (E.P.); (P.K.); (P.L.); (A.P.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Rigini M. Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.M.); (E.P.); (P.K.); (P.L.); (A.P.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Katerina Dimitriou
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A’, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Amalia Aggeli
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A’, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.M.); (E.P.); (P.K.); (P.L.); (A.P.); (R.M.P.)
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7
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Attenuation of Getah Virus by a Single Amino Acid Substitution at Residue 253 of the E2 Protein that Might Be Part of a New Heparan Sulfate Binding Site on Alphaviruses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0175121. [PMID: 34986000 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01751-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new epidemic variants of alphaviruses poses a public health risk. It is associated with adaptive mutations that often cause increased pathogenicity. Getah virus (GETV), a neglected and re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus, poses threat to many domestic animals and probably even humans. At present, the underlying mechanisms of GETV pathogenesis are not well defined. We identified a residue in the E2 glycoprotein that is critical for viral adsorption to cultured cells and pathogenesis in vivo. Viruses containing an arginine instead of a lysine at residue 253 displayed enhanced infectivity in mammalian cells and diminished virulence in a mouse model of GETV disease. Experiments in cell culture show that heparan sulfate (HS) is a new attachment factor for GETV, and the exchange Lys253Arg improves virus attachment by enhancing binding to HS. The mutation also results in more effective binding to glycosaminoglycan (GAG), linked to low virulence due to rapid virus clearance from the circulation. Localization of residue 253 in the three-dimensional structure of the spike revealed several other basic residues in E2 and E1 in close vicinity that might constitute an HS-binding site different from sites previously identified in other alphaviruses. Overall, our study reveals that HS acts as the attachment factor of GETV and provides convincing evidence for an HS-binding determinant at residue 253 in the E2 glycoprotein of GETV, which contributes to infectivity and virulence. IMPORTANCE Due to decades of inadequate monitoring and lack of vaccines and specific treatment, a large number of people have been infected with alphaviruses. GETV is a re-emerging alphavirus that has the potential to infect humans. This specificity of the GETV disease, particularly its propensity for chronic musculoskeletal manifestations, underscores the need to identify the genetic determinants that govern GETV virulence in the host. Using a mouse model, we show that a single amino acid substitution at residue 253 in the E2 glycoprotein causes attenuation of the virus. Residue 253 might be part of a binding site for HS, a ubiquitous attachment factor on the cell surface. The substitution of Lys by Arg improves cell attachment of the virus in vitro and virus clearance from the blood in vivo by enhancing binding to HS. In summary, we have identified HS as a new attachment factor for GETV and the corresponding binding site in the E2 protein for the first time. Our research potentially improved understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of GETV and provided a potential target for the development of new attenuated vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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8
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Zhu M, Zhong W, Cao W, Zhang Q, Wu G. Chondroinductive/chondroconductive peptides and their-functionalized biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:221-238. [PMID: 34820567 PMCID: PMC8585793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of articular cartilage defects is still challenging in the fields of orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery due to the avascular structure of articular cartilage and the limited regenerative capacity of mature chondrocytes. To provide viable treatment options, tremendous efforts have been made to develop various chondrogenically-functionalized biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering. Peptides that are derived from and mimic the functions of chondroconductive cartilage extracellular matrix and chondroinductive growth factors, represent a unique group of bioactive agents for chondrogenic functionalization. Since they can be chemically synthesized, peptides bear better reproducibility, more stable efficacy, higher modifiability and yielding efficiency in comparison with naturally derived biomaterials and recombinant growth factors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in the designs of the chondroinductive/chondroconductive peptides, the underlying molecular mechanisms and their-functionalized biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering. We also systematically compare their in-vitro and in-vivo efficacies in inducing chondrogenesis. Our vision is to stimulate the development of novel peptides and their-functionalized biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhu
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenchao Zhong
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Anti-Coagulant and Antimicrobial Recombinant Heparin-Binding Major Ampullate Spidroin 2 (MaSp2) Silk Protein. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020046. [PMID: 35200400 PMCID: PMC8869596 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Governed by established structure–property relationships, peptide motifs comprising major ampullate spider silk confer a balance of strength and extensibility. Other biologically inspired small peptide motifs correlated to specific functionalities can be combined within these units to create designer silk materials with new hybrid properties. In this study, a small basic peptide, (ARKKAAKA) known to both bind heparin and mimic an antimicrobial peptide, was genetically linked to a protease-resistant, mechanically robust silk-like peptide, MaSp2. Purified fusion proteins (four silk domains and four heparin-binding peptide repeats) were expressed in E. coli. Successful fusion of a MaSp2 spider silk peptide with the heparin-binding motif was shown using a variety of analytical assays. The ability of the fusion peptide to bind heparin was assessed with ELISA and was further tested for its anticoagulant property using aPTT assay. Its intrinsic property to inhibit bacterial growth was evaluated using zone of inhibition and crystal violet (CV) assays. Using this strategy, we were able to link the two types of genetic motifs to create a designer silk-like protein with improved hemocompatibility and antimicrobial properties.
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10
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GPR182 limits antitumor immunity via chemokine scavenging in mouse melanoma models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 35013216 PMCID: PMC8748779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For many solid tumors, immune checkpoint blockade therapy has become first line treatment, yet a large proportion of patients with immunologically cold tumors do not benefit due to the paucity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Here we show that the orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor 182 (GPR182) contributes to immunotherapy resistance in cancer via scavenging chemokines that are important for lymphocyte recruitment to tumors. GPR182 is primarily upregulated in melanoma-associated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during tumorigenesis, and this atypical chemokine receptor endocytoses chemokines promiscuously. In GPR182-deficient mice, T cell infiltration into transplanted melanomas increases, leading to enhanced effector T cell function and improved antitumor immunity. Ablation of GPR182 leads to increased intratumoral concentrations of multiple chemokines and thereby sensitizes poorly immunogenic tumors to immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapies. CXCR3 blockade reverses the improved antitumor immunity and T cell infiltration characteristic of GPR182-deficient mice. Our study thus identifies GPR182 as an upstream regulator of the CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCR3 axis that limits antitumor immunity and as a potential therapeutic target in immunologically cold tumors. Immunologically cold tumours don’t respond to immune checkpoint blockade inhibition due to poor recruitment of anti-tumour T cells. Authors show here that melanoma-associated lymphatic endothelial cells express G Protein-Coupled Receptor 182 that scavenges CXCL9 and other chemokines necessary for T cell recruitment.
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11
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Affinity and Specificity for Binding to Glycosaminoglycans Can Be Tuned by Adapting Peptide Length and Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010447. [PMID: 35008874 PMCID: PMC8745253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glycosaminoglycan (GAG)–protein interactions are important in many physiological and pathological processes, the structural requirements for binding are poorly defined. Starting with GAG-binding peptide CXCL9(74-103), peptides were designed to elucidate the contribution to the GAG-binding affinity of different: (1) GAG-binding motifs (i.e., BBXB and BBBXXB); (2) amino acids in GAG-binding motifs and linker sequences; and (3) numbers of GAG-binding motifs. The affinity of eight chemically synthesized peptides for various GAGs was determined by isothermal fluorescence titration (IFT). Moreover, the binding of peptides to cellular GAGs on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was assessed using flow cytometry with and without soluble GAGs. The repetition of GAG-binding motifs in the peptides contributed to a higher affinity for heparan sulfate (HS) in the IFT measurements. Furthermore, the presence of Gln residues in both GAG-binding motifs and linker sequences increased the affinity of trimer peptides for low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), partially desulfated (ds)LMWH and HS, but not for hyaluronic acid. In addition, the peptides bound to cellular GAGs with differential affinity, and the addition of soluble HS or heparin reduced the binding of CXCL9(74-103) to cellular GAGs. These results indicate that the affinity and specificity of peptides for GAGs can be tuned by adapting their amino acid sequence and their number of GAG-binding motifs.
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12
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Mii Y, Nakazato K, Pack CG, Ikeda T, Sako Y, Mochizuki A, Taira M, Takada S. Quantitative analyses reveal extracellular dynamics of Wnt ligands in Xenopus embryos. eLife 2021; 10:55108. [PMID: 33904408 PMCID: PMC8139832 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of intercellular transport of Wnt ligands is still a matter of debate. To better understand this issue, we examined the distribution and dynamics of Wnt8 in Xenopus embryos. While Venus-tagged Wnt8 was found on the surfaces of cells close to Wnt-producing cells, we also detected its dispersal over distances of 15 cell diameters. A combination of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and quantitative imaging suggested that only a small proportion of Wnt8 ligands diffuses freely, whereas most Wnt8 molecules are bound to cell surfaces. Fluorescence decay after photoconversion showed that Wnt8 ligands bound on cell surfaces decrease exponentially, suggesting a dynamic exchange of bound forms of Wnt ligands. Mathematical modeling based on this exchange recapitulates a graded distribution of bound, but not free, Wnt ligands. Based on these results, we propose that Wnt distribution in tissues is controlled by a dynamic exchange of its abundant bound and rare free populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mii
- National Institute for Basic Biology and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.,ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Takafumi Ikeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mochizuki
- Theoretical Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.,Laboratory of Mathematical Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- National Institute for Basic Biology and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
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13
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Energy Transfer Systems for In Vivo Tracking. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32112378 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0364-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
With recent advances, fluorescent imaging has gained momentum as an important tool for in vivo imaging. FRET systems consist of molecules that absorb in the near-infrared region which are efficient candidates for in vivo imaging, basic research, and clinical applications. Nontoxic, photostable fluorophores, such as fluorescent proteins and dyes, can successfully be used to visualize spatial and temporal dynamics of living cells. Selected cells to be injected are first tagged with the FRET-based biosensor and then injected to the living animal. Then, these foreign cells in the host body can be visualized under fluorescence microscope via excitation of the fluorophores at the correct wavelength.
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14
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Mulinti P, Kalita D, Hasan R, Quadir M, Wang Y, Brooks A. Development and Processing of Novel Heparin Binding Functionalized Modified Spider Silk Coating for Catheter Providing Dual Antimicrobial and Anticoagulant Properties. MATERIALIA 2020; 14:100937. [PMID: 34805805 PMCID: PMC8601656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tailored surface coatings have been used for decades to improve material performance in blood. Among different approaches, heparin based biomedical coatings have found great success in the commercial catheter market. However, they have their own limitations. Coating of a vascular device with a heparin binding peptide (HBP), which can sequester the circulating heparin, presents numerous advantages over both systemic heparin therapy and direct heparin bound surfaces. Embedding HBP in a silk biopolymer provides the mechanical integrity necessary under dynamic flow conditions to both insert the catheter and maintain proper blood flow. Furthermore, due to the similarity in structure of HBP with antimicrobial peptides, it is predicted that the fusion protein will also show antimicrobial property, a critical and unique aspect to combat catheter related blood stream infections and extend the longevity of hemodialysis catheters. To assess this hypothesis, a recombinant fusion protein (S4H4) containing both silk amino acid motifs and HBP was assessed as a coating on a silicone surface. After validating that, the protein was deposited on the surface via XPS, Raman spectroscopy, ATR and SEM imaging, antimicrobial and anticoagulant activities were evaluated. The coating was able to prevent not only planktonic bacterial growth but also prevented the growth of a biofilm. Finally, the coating had both antibacterial and anticoagulant effect simultaneously. This study proves the successful production of a silk-based biopolymer that can be embedded with a heparin-binding functionality to create a dual functional device coating that can prevent infection and thrombosis together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranothi Mulinti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105USA
| | - Deep Kalita
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105USA
| | - Raquib Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105USA
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105USA
| | - Yechun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105USA
| | - Amanda Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105USA
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15
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La CC, Takeuchi LE, Abbina S, Vappala S, Abbasi U, Kizhakkedathu JN. Targeting Biological Polyanions in Blood: Strategies toward the Design of Therapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2595-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Stubbing LA, Kaur H, Feng SX, Aalderink M, Dragunow M, Brimble MA. Synthesis of peptide homo‐ and heterodimers as potential mimics of platelet‐derived growth factor BB. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Stubbing
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Harveen Kaur
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sheryl X. Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacologyThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain ResearchThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Miranda Aalderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacologyThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain ResearchThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Michael Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacologyThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain ResearchThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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17
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Shastry DG, Karande P. Microarrays for the screening and identification of carbohydrate-binding peptides. Analyst 2019; 144:7378-7389. [PMID: 31670365 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of carbohydrate-binding ligands is crucial for expanding knowledge on the glycocode and for achieving systematic carbohydrate targeting. Amongst such ligands, carbohydrate-binding peptides (CBPs) are attractive for use in bioanalytical and biomedical systems due to their biochemical and physicochemical properties; moreover, given the biological significance of lectin-carbohydrate interactions, these ligands offer an opportunity to study peptide sequence and binding characteristics to inform on natural target/ligand interactions. Here, a high-throughput microarray screening technique is described for the identification and study of CBPs, with a focus on polysialic acid (PSA), a polysaccharide found on neural stem cells. The chemical and biological uniqueness of PSA suggests that an ability to exclusively target this glycan may promote a number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. PSA-binding peptides from phage display screening and from epitope mapping of an scFv for oligosialic acid were screened in an optimized microarray format with three ligand density conditions. Hypothesis-driven mutations were additionally applied to select peptides to modulate peptide affinity and selectivity to PSA. Peptide compositional and positional analyses revealed the significance of various residues for PSA binding and suggested the importance of basic residue positioning for PSA recognition. Furthermore, selectivity studies performed directly on microarrays with chondroitin sulfate A (CS-A) demonstrated the value of screening for both affinity and selectivity in the development of CBPs. Thus, the integrated approach described, with attention to design strategy, screening, and peptide characterization, successfully identified novel PSA-binding ligands and offers a platform for the identification and study of additional polysaccharide-binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya G Shastry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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18
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Yang E, Mundy C, Rappaport EF, Pacifici M, Billings PC. Identification and characterization of a novel heparan sulfate-binding domain in Activin A longest variants and implications for function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222784. [PMID: 31536599 PMCID: PMC6752817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activins regulate numerous processes including inflammation and are synthesized as precursors consisting of a long N-terminal pro-region and a mature protein. Genomic human databases currently list three activin A (Act A) variants termed X1, X2 and X3. The X3 variant is the shortest, lacks N-terminal segments present in X1 and X2, and has been the focus of most past literature. Here, we asked whether these variants are expressed by human cells and tissues and what structural features are contained within their pro-regions. Human monocytic-like cells THP1 and U937 expressed X1 and X2 variants after exposure to phorbol ester or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, while X2 transcripts were present in placenta. Expression vectors encoding full length X2 or X3 variants resulted in production and secretion of biologically active Act A from cultured cells. Previous studies reported a putative HS-binding domain (HBD) in the X3 pro-region. Here, we identified a novel HBD with consensus HS-binding motifs near the N-terminal end of X1 and X2 pro-regions. Peptides encompassing this new domain interacted with substrate-bound HS with nanomolar affinity, while peptides from putative X3 HBD did not. In good agreement, full length X2 pro-region interacted with heparin-agarose, while the X3 pro-region did not. In sum, our study reveals that Act A variants are expressed by inflammatory cells and placenta and yield biological activity. The high affinity HBD in X1 and X2 pro-region and its absence in X3 could greatly influence overall Act A distribution, availability and activity in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yang
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christina Mundy
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric F. Rappaport
- Molecular Genetics Core, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Billings
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Mahzoon S, Townsend JM, Lam TN, Sjoelund V, Detamore MS. Effects of a Bioactive SPPEPS Peptide on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:2308-2321. [PMID: 31218487 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic 'chondroinductive' biomaterial that could induce chondrogenesis without the need for growth factors, extracellular matrix, or pre-seeded cells could revolutionize orthopedic regenerative medicine. The objective of the current study was thus to introduce a synthetic SPPEPS peptide and evaluate its ability to induce chondrogenic differentiation. In the current study, dissolving a synthetic chondroinductive peptide candidate (100 ng/mL SPPEPS) in the culture medium of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) elevated collagen type II gene expression compared to the negative control (no growth factor or peptide in the cell culture medium) after 3 days. In addition, proteomic analyses indicated similarities in pathways and protein profiles between the positive control (10 ng/mL TGF-β3) and peptide group (100 ng/mL SPPEPS), affirming the potential of the peptide for chondroinductivity. Incorporating the SPPEPS peptide in combination with the RGD peptide in pentenoate-functionalized hyaluronic acid (PHA) hydrogels elevated the collagen type II gene expression of the rBMSCs cultured on top of the hydrogels compared to using either peptide alone. The evidence suggests that SPPEPS may be a chondroinductive peptide, which may be enhanced in combination with an adhesion peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mahzoon
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jakob M Townsend
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Thi N Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Virginie Sjoelund
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
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20
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Mahzoon S, Detamore MS. Chondroinductive Peptides: Drawing Inspirations from Cell–Matrix Interactions. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:249-257. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mahzoon
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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21
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Bonito V, Smits A, Goor O, Ippel B, Driessen-Mol A, Münker T, Bosman A, Mes T, Dankers P, Bouten C. Modulation of macrophage phenotype and protein secretion via heparin-IL-4 functionalized supramolecular elastomers. Acta Biomater 2018. [PMID: 29518556 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hallmark of the in situ tissue engineering approach is the use of bioresorbable, synthetic, acellular scaffolds, which are designed to modulate the inflammatory response and actively trigger tissue regeneration by the body itself at the site of implantation. Much research is devoted to the design of synthetic materials modulating the polarization of macrophages, which are essential mediators of the early stages of the inflammatory response. Here, we present a novel method for the functionalization of elastomers based on synthetic peptide chemistry, supramolecular self-assembly, and immobilization of heparin and interleukin 4 (IL-4), which is known to skew the polarization of macrophages into the wound healing "M2" phenotype. Ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy)-modified chain extended polycaprolactone (CE-UPy-PCL) was mixed with a UPy-modified heparin binding peptide (UPy-HBP) to allow for immobilization of heparin, and further functionalization with IL-4 via its heparin binding domain. As a first proof of principle, CE-UPy-PCL and UPy-HBP were premixed in solution, dropcast and exposed to primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, in the presence or absence of IL-4-heparin functionalization. It was demonstrated that the supramolecular IL-4-heparin functionalization effectively promoted macrophage polarization into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, in terms of morphology, immunohistochemistry and cytokine secretion. Moreover, the supramolecular functionalization approach used was successfully translated to 3D electrospun scaffolds for in situ tissue engineering purposes, where UPy-HBP retention, and heparin and IL-4 attachment to the supramolecular scaffolds were proven over 7 days. Lastly, human monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured on 3D scaffolds, which, in case of IL-4-heparin functionalization, were proven to promote of an anti-inflammatory environment on protein level. This study presents a novel method in designing a versatile class of functionalized elastomers that effectively harness the anti-inflammatory behavior of macrophages in vitro, and as such, may be instrumental for the development of a new class of synthetic materials for in situ tissue engineering purposes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Macrophages and their phenotypic and functional plasticity play a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis and tissue repair. Based on this notion, bioactivated materials modulating macrophage polarization were extensively investigated in the past. Here, we designed immunomodulating, synthetic materials based on supramolecular immobilization of a heparin binding peptide, and further bioactivation with heparin and IL-4, an anti-inflammatory cytokine responsible for M2 activation and polarization. Human monocyte-derived macrophages cultured on heparin-IL-4 bioactivated materials displayed an elongated morphology and an anti-inflammatory phenotype, with downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines over time. This study represents the first step in designing a novel class of synthetic, bioactivated materials that harness the regenerative behavior of host macrophages towards in situ tissue regeneration.
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22
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Mao D, Liu J, Ji S, Wang T, Hu Y, Zheng D, Yang R, Kong D, Ding D. Amplification of near-infrared fluorescence in semiconducting polymer nanoprobe for grasping the behaviors of systemically administered endothelial cells in ischemia treatment. Biomaterials 2017; 143:109-119. [PMID: 28783593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To date, there have been few studies on using fluorescent cell trackers for non-invasively monitoring the in vivo fate of systemically administered cells. This is because only a relatively small number of cells can reach the disease site post systemic infusion, and thus achieving ideal in vivo cell tracking requires that the fluorescent cell trackers should hold combined merits of ultrahigh near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, negligible interference on cell behavior and function, excellent retention within cells, as well as accurate long-term cell tracking ability. To address this challenge, we herein developed a highly NIR fluorescent nanoprobe (SPN) based on semiconducting π-conjugated polymers (SPs), by synthesis of a NIR SP-emitter, employment of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy, and optimization of different FRET donor SPs. Due to the 53.7-fold intra-particle amplification of NIR fluorescence, the SPN could track as few as 2000 endothelial cells (ECs) upon intra-arterial injection into critical limb ischemia (CLI)-bearing mice, showing much higher sensitivity in ECs tracking compared with the most popular commercial cell trackers. What's more, the SPN could provide precise information on the behaviors of systemically injected ECs in CLI treatment including the in vivo fate and regenerative contribution of ECs for at least 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shenglu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, China.
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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23
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Cheng YY, Cheng CS, Lee TR, Chang WSW, Lyu PC. A clamp-like orientation of basic residues set in a parallelogram is essential for heparin binding. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3089-97. [PMID: 27531580 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While the majority of studies have focused on the biological roles of heparin-binding proteins, relatively little is known about their key residues and structural elements responsible for heparin interaction. In this study, we employed the IgG-binding domain B1 of Streptococcal protein G as a miniature scaffold to investigate how certain positively charged residues within the β-sheet conformation become favorable for heparin binding. By performing a series of arginine substitution mutations followed by gain-of-heparin-binding analysis, we deduced that a clamp-like orientation with discontinuous basic residues separated by ~ 5 Å with ~ 100° interior angle is advantageous for high heparin affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sheng Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Ren Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Shaing Wayne Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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24
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Increased Expression of Serglycin in Specific Carcinomas and Aggressive Cancer Cell Lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:690721. [PMID: 26581653 PMCID: PMC4637082 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present pilot study, we examined the presence of serglycin in lung, breast, prostate, and colon cancer and evaluated its expression in cell lines and tissues. We found that serglycin was expressed and constitutively secreted in culture medium in high levels in more aggressive cancer cells. It is worth noticing that aggressive cancer cells that harbor KRAS or EGFR mutations secreted serglycin constitutively in elevated levels. Furthermore, we detected the transcription of an alternative splice variant of serglycin lacking exon 2 in specific cell lines. In a limited number of tissue samples analyzed, serglycin was detected in normal epithelium but was also expressed in higher levels in advanced grade tumors as shown by immunohistochemistry. Serglycin staining was diffuse, granular, and mainly cytoplasmic. In some cancer cells serglycin also exhibited membrane and/or nuclear immunolocalization. Interestingly, the stromal cells of the reactive tumor stroma were positive for serglycin, suggesting an enhanced biosynthesis for this proteoglycan in activated tumor microenvironment. Our study investigated for first time the distribution of serglycin in normal epithelial and cancerous lesions in most common cancer types. The elevated levels of serglycin in aggressive cancer and stromal cells may suggest a key role for serglycin in disease progression.
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25
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Jacobs SA, Gibbs AC, Conk M, Yi F, Maguire D, Kane C, O'Neil KT. Fusion to a highly stable consensus albumin binding domain allows for tunable pharmacokinetics. Protein Eng Des Sel 2015; 28:385-93. [PMID: 26275855 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of classes of proteins have been engineered for high stability using consensus sequence design methods. Here we describe the engineering of a novel albumin binding domain (ABD) three-helix bundle protein. The resulting engineered ABD molecule, called ABDCon, is expressed at high levels in the soluble fraction of Escherichia coli and is highly stable, with a melting temperature of 81.5°C. ABDCon binds human, monkey and mouse serum albumins with affinity as high as 61 pM. The solution structure of ABDCon is consistent with the three-helix bundle design and epitope mapping studies enabled a precise definition of the albumin binding interface. Fusion of a 10 kDa scaffold protein to ABDCon results in a long terminal half-life of 60 h in mice and 182 h in cynomolgus monkeys. To explore the link between albumin affinity and in vivo exposure, mutations were designed at the albumin binding interface of ABDCon yielding variants that span an 11 000-fold range in affinity. The PK properties of five such variants were determined in mice in order to demonstrate the tunable nature of serum half-life, exposure and clearance with variations in albumin binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Jacobs
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., 1400 Welsh & McKean Rd., Spring House, Pennsylvania, PA 19454, USA
| | - Alan C Gibbs
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., 1400 Welsh & McKean Rd., Spring House, Pennsylvania, PA 19454, USA
| | - Michelle Conk
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., 1400 Welsh & McKean Rd., Spring House, Pennsylvania, PA 19454, USA
| | - Fang Yi
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., 1400 Welsh & McKean Rd., Spring House, Pennsylvania, PA 19454, USA
| | - Diane Maguire
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., 1400 Welsh & McKean Rd., Spring House, Pennsylvania, PA 19454, USA
| | - Colleen Kane
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., 1400 Welsh & McKean Rd., Spring House, Pennsylvania, PA 19454, USA
| | - Karyn T O'Neil
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., 1400 Welsh & McKean Rd., Spring House, Pennsylvania, PA 19454, USA
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26
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Van Hove AH, Benoit DSW. Depot-Based Delivery Systems for Pro-Angiogenic Peptides: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:102. [PMID: 26236708 PMCID: PMC4504170 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization currently limits the size and complexity for all tissue engineering approaches. Additionally, increasing or re-initiating blood flow is the first step toward restoration of ischemic tissue homeostasis. However, no FDA-approved pro-angiogenic treatments exist, despite the many pre-clinical approaches that have been developed. The relatively small size of peptides gives advantages over protein-based treatments, specifically with respect to synthesis and stability. While many pro-angiogenic peptides have been identified and shown promising results in vitro and in vivo, the majority of biomaterials developed for pro-angiogenic drug delivery focus on protein delivery. This narrow focus limits pro-angiogenic therapeutics as peptides, similar to proteins, suffer from poor pharmacokinetics in vivo, necessitating the development of controlled release systems. This review discusses pro-angiogenic peptides and the biomaterials delivery systems that have been developed, or that could easily be adapted for peptide delivery, with a particular focus on depot-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Van Hove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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27
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Billings PC, Pacifici M. Interactions of signaling proteins, growth factors and other proteins with heparan sulfate: mechanisms and mysteries. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:272-80. [PMID: 26076122 PMCID: PMC4785798 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1045066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a component of cell surface and matrix-associated proteoglycans (HSPGs) that, collectively, play crucial roles in many physiologic processes including cell differentiation, organ morphogenesis and cancer. A key function of HS is to bind and interact with signaling proteins, growth factors, plasma proteins, immune-modulators and other factors. In doing so, the HS chains and HSPGs are able to regulate protein distribution, bio-availability and action on target cells and can also serve as cell surface co-receptors, facilitating ligand-receptor interactions. These proteins contain an HS/heparin-binding domain (HBD) that mediates their association and contacts with HS. HBDs are highly diverse in sequence and predicted structure, contain clusters of basic amino acids (Lys and Arg) and possess an overall net positive charge, most often within a consensus Cardin-Weintraub (CW) motif. Interestingly, other domains and residues are now known to influence protein-HS interactions, as well as interactions with other glycosaminoglycans, such as chondroitin sulfate. In this review, we provide a description and analysis of HBDs in proteins including amphiregulin, fibroblast growth factor family members, heparanase, sclerostin and hedgehog protein family members. We discuss HBD structural and functional features and important roles carried out by other protein domains, and also provide novel conformational insights into the diversity of CW motifs present in Sonic, Indian and Desert hedgehogs. Finally, we review progress in understanding the pathogenesis of a rare pediatric skeletal disorder, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME), characterized by HS deficiency and cartilage tumor formation. Advances in understanding protein-HS interactions will have broad implications for basic biology and translational medicine as well as for the development of HS-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Billings
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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28
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Fret Studies of Conformational Changes in Heparin-Binding Peptides. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:885-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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La Spina R, Tripisciano C, Mecca T, Cunsolo F, Weber V, Mattiasson B. Chemically modified poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel for the adsorption of heparin. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1207-16. [PMID: 24425361 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Various clinical procedures, such as cardiovascular surgery or extracorporeal blood purification, involve systemic anticoagulation using heparin. High concentrations of circulating heparin require neutralization due to possible serious bleeding complications. The intravenous administration of the heparin antagonist protamine sulfate is routinely clinically performed, but is frequently associated with adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a need for a valid and safe alternative to achieve extracorporeal heparin removal from blood or plasma, such as a filter, a matrix, or an adsorbent. Here, we describe the development of a macroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based monolithic cryogel functionalized with l-lysine (pHEMA-lys) and the characterization of its selective heparin adsorption. The maximum binding capacity was quantified in vitro using aqueous and serum solutions under static and dynamic conditions, and fresh human plasma under static conditions. The pHEMA-lys bound 40,500 IU and 32,500 IU heparin/g cryogel at the equilibrium in aqueous solution and 50% serum, respectively. In human plasma spiked with 100 IU/mL of heparin, the binding was still highly efficient (4330 IU/g cryogel after 30 min, i.e., 87% of the initial concentration). The cryogels showed good blood compatibility, as indicated by negligible adsorption of albumin, antithrombin III, and total protein, and may thus be suitable for extracorporeal heparin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R La Spina
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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30
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Different roles of cell surface and exogenous glycosaminoglycans in controlling gene delivery by arginine-rich peptides with varied distribution of arginines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1484-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Ford BK, Hamza M, Rabenstein DL. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Heparin-Binding Peptoids. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3773-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bi4001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Kevin Ford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Mark Hamza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Dallas L. Rabenstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, California 92521, United States
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32
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Wieduwild R, Tsurkan M, Chwalek K, Murawala P, Nowak M, Freudenberg U, Neinhuis C, Werner C, Zhang Y. Minimal Peptide Motif for Non-covalent Peptide–Heparin Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2919-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieduwild
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail Tsurkan
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Priyanka Murawala
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Nowak
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg
20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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33
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Arnaud J, Audfray A, Imberty A. Binding sugars: from natural lectins to synthetic receptors and engineered neolectins. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4798-813. [PMID: 23353569 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35435g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The large diversity and complexity of glycan structures together with their crucial role in many biological or pathological processes require the development of new high-throughput techniques for analyses. Lectins are classically used for characterising, imaging or targeting glycoconjugates and, when printed on microarrays, they are very useful tools for profiling glycomes. Development of recombinant lectins gives access to reliable and reproducible material, while engineering of new binding sites on existing scaffolds allows tuning of specificity. From the accumulated knowledge on protein-carbohydrate interactions, it is now possible to use nucleotide and peptide (bio)synthesis for producing new carbohydrate-binding molecules. Such a biomimetic approach can also be addressed by boron chemistry and supra-molecular chemistry for the design of fully artificial glycosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arnaud
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated to Grenoble-Université and ICMG, Grenoble, France
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A pH-sensitive heparin-binding sequence from Baculovirus gp64 protein is important for binding to mammalian cells but not to Sf9 insect cells. J Virol 2011; 86:484-91. [PMID: 22072779 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06357-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding to heparan sulfate is essential for baculovirus transduction of mammalian cells. Our previous study shows that gp64, the major glycoprotein on the virus surface, binds to heparin in a pH-dependent way, with a stronger binding at pH 6.2 than at 7.4. Using fluorescently labeled peptides, we mapped the pH-dependent heparin-binding sequence of gp64 to a 22-amino-acid region between residues 271 and 292. Binding of this region to the cell surface was also pH dependent, and peptides containing this sequence could efficiently inhibit baculovirus transduction of mammalian cells at pH 6.2. When the heparin-binding peptide was immobilized onto the bead surface to mimic the high local concentration of gp64 on the virus surface, the peptide-coated magnetic beads could efficiently pull down cells expressing heparan sulfate but not cells pretreated with heparinase or cells not expressing heparan sulfate. Interestingly, although this heparin-binding function is essential for baculovirus transduction of mammalian cells, it is dispensable for infection of Sf9 insect cells. Virus infectivity on Sf9 cells was not reduced by the presence of heparin or the identified heparin-binding peptide, even though the peptide could bind to Sf9 cell surface and be efficiently internalized. Thus, our data suggest that, depending on the availability of the target molecules on the cell surface, baculoviruses can use two different methods, electrostatic interaction with heparan sulfate and more specific receptor binding, for cell attachment.
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Moise A, André S, Eggers F, Krzeminski M, Przybylski M, Gabius HJ. Toward Bioinspired Galectin Mimetics: Identification of Ligand-Contacting Peptides by Proteolytic-Excision Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14844-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201967v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Frederike Eggers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mickael Krzeminski
- Department of NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Przybylski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
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36
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Abstract
Histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) is an abundant protein released into the bloodstream by Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria. Here, we report that HRPII binds tightly and selectively to coagulation-active glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and heparin) and inhibits antithrombin (AT). In purified systems, recombinant HRPII neutralized the heparin-catalyzed inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin by AT in a Zn(2+)-dependent manner. The observed 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for the HRPII neutralization of AT activity is approximately 30nM for factor Xa inhibition and 90nM for thrombin inhibition. Zn(2+) was required for these reactions with a distribution coefficient (K(d)) of approximately 7μM. Substituting Zn(2+) with Cu(2+), but not with Ca(2+), Mg(2+), or Fe(2+), maintained the HRPII effect. HRPII attenuated the prolongation in plasma clotting time induced by heparin, suggesting that HRPII inhibits AT activity by preventing its stimulation by heparin. In the microvasculature, where erythrocytes infected with P falciparum are sequestered, high levels of released HRPII may bind cellular glycosaminoglycans, prevent their interaction with AT, and thereby contribute to the procoagulant state associated with P falciparum infection.
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37
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Naik RJ, Chandra P, Mann A, Ganguli M. Exogenous and cell surface glycosaminoglycans alter DNA delivery efficiency of arginine and lysine homopeptides in distinctly different ways. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18982-93. [PMID: 21471199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.227793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) expressed ubiquitously on the cell surface are known to interact with a variety of ligands to mediate different cellular processes. However, their role in the internalization of cationic gene delivery vectors such as liposomes, polymers, and peptides is still ambiguous and seems to be controlled by multiple factors. In this report, taking peptides as model systems, we show that peptide chemistry is one of the key factors that determine the dependence on cell surface glycosaminoglycans for cellular internalization and gene delivery. Arginine peptides and their complexes with plasmid DNA show efficient uptake and functional gene transfer independent of the cell surface GAGs. On the other hand, lysine peptides and complexes primarily enter through a GAG-dependent pathway. The peptide-DNA complexes also show differential interaction with soluble GAGs. In the presence of exogenous GAGs under certain conditions, arginine peptide-DNA complexes show increased transfection efficiency that is not observed with lysine. This is attributed to a change in the complex nature that ensures better protection of the compacted DNA in the case of arginine complexes, whereas the lysine complexes get destabilized under these conditions. The presence of a GAG coating also ensures better cell association of arginine complexes, resulting in increased uptake. Our results indicate that the role of both the cell surface and exogenous glycosaminoglycans in gene delivery is controlled by the nature of the peptide and its complex with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangeetha J Naik
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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38
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Yabe T, Hosoda-Yabe R, Kanamaru Y, Kiso M. A peptide found by phage display discriminates a specific structure of a trisaccharide in heparin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12397-406. [PMID: 21335559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.172155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent studies have shown that heparan sulfate can control several important biological events on the cell surface through changes in sulfation pattern. The in vivo modification of sugar chains with sulfates, however, is complicated, and the discrimination of different sulfation patterns is difficult. Heparin, which is primarily produced by mast cells, is closely approximated by the structural analog heparan sulfate. Screening of heparin-associating peptides using phage display and antithrombin-bound affinity chromatography identified a peptide, heparin-associating peptide Y (HappY), that acts as a target of immobilized heparin. The peptide consists of 12 amino acid residues with characteristic three arginines and exclusively binds to heparin and heparan sulfate but does not associate with other glycosaminoglycans. HappY recognizes three consecutive monosaccharide residues in heparin through its three arginine residues. HappY should be a useful probe to detect heparin and heparan sulfate in studies of glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomio Yabe
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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39
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Bazar E, Jelinek R. Divergent Heparin-Induced Fibrillation Pathways of a Prion Amyloidogenic Determinant. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1997-2002. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Yamauchi Y, Deguchi N, Takagi C, Tanaka M, Dhanasekaran P, Nakano M, Handa T, Phillips MC, Lund-Katz S, Saito H. Role of the N- and C-terminal domains in binding of apolipoprotein E isoforms to heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate: a surface plasmon resonance study. Biochemistry 2010; 47:6702-10. [PMID: 18507396 DOI: 10.1021/bi8003999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of apolipoprotein E (apoE) to bind to cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is important for lipoprotein remnant catabolism. Using surface plasmon resonance, we previously showed that the binding of apoE to heparin is a two-step process; the initial binding involves fast electrostatic interaction, followed by a slower hydrophobic interaction. Here we examined the contributions of the N- and C-terminal domains to each step of the binding of apoE isoforms to heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). ApoE3 bound to less sulfated HS and DS with a decreased favorable free energy of binding in the first step compared to heparin, indicating that the degree of sulfation has a major effect on the electrostatic interaction of GAGs with apoE. Mutation of a key Lys residue in the N-terminal heparin binding site of apoE significantly affected this electrostatic interaction. Progressive truncation of the C-terminal alpha-helical regions which favors the monomeric form of apoE3 greatly weakened the ability of apoE3 to bind to HS, with a much reduced favorable free energy of binding of the first step, suggesting that the C-terminal domain contributes to the GAG binding of apoE by the oligomerization effect. In agreement with this, dimerization of the apoE3 N-terminal fragment via disulfide linkage restored the electrostatic interaction of apoE with HS. Significantly, apoE4 exhibited much stronger binding to HS and DS than apoE2 or apoE3 in both lipid-free and lipidated states, perhaps resulting from enhanced electrostatic interaction through the N-terminal domain. This isoform difference in GAG binding of apoE may be physiologically significant such as in the retention of apoE-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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41
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Schick BP. Serglycin proteoglycan deletion in mouse platelets: physiological effects and their implications for platelet contributions to thrombosis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and metastasis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 93:235-87. [PMID: 20807648 DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(10)93011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serglycin is found in all nucleated hematopoietic cells and platelets, blood vessels, various reproductive and developmental tissues, and in chondrocytes. The serglycin knockout mouse has demonstrated that this proteoglycan is required for proper generation and function of secretory granules in several hematopoietic cells. The effects on platelets are profound, and include diminishing platelet aggregation responses and formation of platelet thrombi. This chapter will review cell-specific aspects of serglycin structure, its gene regulation, cell and tissue localization, and the effects of serglycin deletion on hematopoietic cell granule structure and function. The effects of serglycin knockout on platelets are described and discussed in detail. Rationales for further investigations into the contribution of serglycin to the known roles of platelets in thrombosis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and tumor metastasis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P Schick
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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42
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Bysell H, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. Binding and release of consensus peptides by poly(acrylic acid) microgels. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2162-8. [PMID: 19583241 DOI: 10.1021/bm9003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between positively charged consensus peptides and poly(acrylic acid) microgels was investigated with micromanipulator-assisted light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Peptide binding and release was monitored by microgel deswelling and swelling for monodisperse multiples of heparin-binding Cardin and Weintraub motifs, (AKKARA)(n) (1 <or= n <or= 4) and (ARKKAAKA)(n) (1 <or= n <or= 3), as well as the corresponding titratable (AHHAHA)(4) and (AHHHAAHA)(3) peptides (A, K, R and H, refering to alanine, lysine, arginine, and histidine, respectively). When fully charged, these peptides distribute homogenously throughout the microgels and display concentration-dependent deswelling, which increases with increasing peptide length. Both (AKKARA)(4) and (ARKKAAKA)(3) display potent and fast microgel deswelling but only marginal subsequent electrolyte-induced desorption. In contrast, reducing the peptide charge for (AHHAHA)(4) and (AHHHAAHA)(3) at neutral and high pH, or the peptide length, substantially reduces the peptide affinity for the microgels and facilitates rapid peptide release. Taken together, the results also show that quite short peptides of moderate charge density interact strongly and cause extensive gel deswelling of oppositely charged microgels, precluding peptide release. They also show, however, that desirable triggered release can be achieved with peptides of lower charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bysell
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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43
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Casanova JC, Ambrosius M, Kuhn J, Kleesiek K, Götting C. Analysis of xylosyltransferase II binding to the anticoagulant heparin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 383:4-10. [PMID: 19289103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of glycosaminoglycan production are represented by the human xylosyltransferase I and its isoform II (XylT-I and XylT-II). The glycosaminoglycan heparin interacts with a variety of proteins, thereby regulating their activities, also those of xylosyltransferases. The identification of unknown amino acids responsible for heparin-binding of XylT-II was addressed in this study. Thus, six XylT-II fragments were designed as fusion proteins with MBP and we received soluble and purified MBP/XylT-II from Escherichia coli. Heparin-binding studies showed that all fragments bound with low affinity to heparin. Prolonging of XylT-II fragments did not account for a cooperative effect of multiple heparin-binding motifs and in turn for a stronger heparin-binding. Sequence alignment and surface polarity plot led to the identification of two highly positively charged Cardin-Weintraub motifs with surface accessibility, resulting in combination with short clusters of basic amino acids for strong heparin-binding of native xylosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carrera Casanova
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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44
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Chernousov MA, Yu WM, Chen ZL, Carey DJ, Strickland S. Regulation of Schwann cell function by the extracellular matrix. Glia 2009; 56:1498-1507. [PMID: 18803319 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Laminins and collagens are extracellular matrix proteins that play essential roles in peripheral nervous system development. Laminin signals regulate Schwann cell proliferation and survival as well as actin cytoskeleton dynamics, which are essential steps for radial sorting and myelination of peripheral axons by Schwann cells. Collagen and their receptors promote Schwann cell adhesion, spreading, and myelination as well as neurite outgrowth. In this article, we will review the recent advances in the studies of laminin and collagen function in Schwann cell development.
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45
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Hirst AR, Escuder B, Miravet JF, Smith DK. High-tech applications of self-assembling supramolecular nanostructured gel-phase materials: from regenerative medicine to electronic devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8002-18. [PMID: 18825737 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 923] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is likely that nanofabrication will underpin many technologies in the 21st century. Synthetic chemistry is a powerful approach to generate molecular structures that are capable of assembling into functional nanoscale architectures. There has been intense interest in self-assembling low-molecular-weight gelators, which has led to a general understanding of gelation based on the self-assembly of molecular-scale building blocks in terms of non-covalent interactions and packing parameters. The gelator molecules generate hierarchical, supramolecular structures that are macroscopically expressed in gel formation. Molecular modification can therefore control nanoscale assembly, a process that ultimately endows specific material function. The combination of supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine allows application-based materials to be developed. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering using molecular gels as nanostructured scaffolds for the regrowth of nerve cells has been demonstrated in vivo, and the prospect of using self-assembled fibers as one-dimensional conductors in gel materials has captured much interest in the field of nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Hirst
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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46
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Hirst A, Escuder B, Miravet J, Smith D. “High-Tech”-Anwendungen von supramolekularen nanostrukturierten Gelmaterialien - von der regenerativen Medizin bis hin zu elektronischen Bauelementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street Toronto, ON, Canada.
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48
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Levy-Adam F, Feld S, Suss-Toby E, Vlodavsky I, Ilan N. Heparanase facilitates cell adhesion and spreading by clustering of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2319. [PMID: 18545691 PMCID: PMC2405934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is a heparan sulfate (HS) degrading endoglycosidase participating in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. Apart of its well characterized enzymatic activity, heparanase was noted to exert also enzymatic-independent functions. Non-enzymatic activities of heparanase include enhanced adhesion of tumor-derived cells and primary T-cells. Attempting to identify functional domains of heparanase that would serve as targets for drug development, we have identified heparin binding domains of heparanase. A corresponding peptide (residues Lys158-Asp171, termed KKDC) was demonstrated to physically associate with heparin and HS, and to inhibit heparanase enzymatic activity. We hypothesized that the pro-adhesive properties of heparanase are mediated by its interaction with cell surface HS proteoglycans, and utilized the KKDC peptide to examine this possibility. We provide evidence that the KKDC peptide interacts with cell membrane HS, resulting in clustering of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4. We applied classical analysis of cell morphology, fluorescent and time-lapse microscopy and demonstrated that the KKDC peptide efficiently stimulates the adhesion and spreading of various cell types, mediated by PKC, Src, and the small GTPase Rac1. These results support, and further substantiate the notion that heparanase function is not limited to its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flonia Levy-Adam
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sari Feld
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edith Suss-Toby
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Neta Ilan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Griffiths HH, Morten IJ, Hooper NM. Emerging and potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:693-704. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.6.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Peptide amphiphile nanostructure-heparin interactions and their relationship to bioactivity. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3298-305. [PMID: 18468676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-protein interactions are important in many physiological processes including angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones. We have previously developed a highly angiogenic self-assembling gel, wherein the self-assembly process is triggered by the interactions between heparin and peptide amphiphiles (PAs) with a consensus heparin binding sequence. In this report, this consensus sequence was scrambled and incorporated into a new peptide amphiphile in order to study its importance in heparin interaction and bioactivity. Heparin was able to trigger gel formation of the scrambled peptide amphiphile (SPA). Furthermore, the affinity of the scrambled molecule for heparin was unchanged as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry and high Förster resonance emission transfer efficiency. However, both the mobile fraction and the dissociation rate constant of heparin, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, were markedly higher in its interaction with the scrambled molecule implying a weaker association. Importantly, the scrambled peptide amphiphile-heparin gel had significantly less angiogenic bioactivity as shown by decreased tubule formation of sandwiched endothelial cells. Hence, we believe that the presence of the consensus sequence stabilizes the interaction with heparin and is important for the bioactivity of these new materials.
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