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El Harati R, Fancello F, Multineddu C, Zara G, Zara S. Screening and In Silico Analyses of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Σ1278b Bank Mutants Using Citral as a Natural Antimicrobial. Foods 2024; 13:1457. [PMID: 38790757 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial function of citral, one of the main compounds of the essential oils (EO) of the Citrus genus, and widely used by the food industry toward spoilage yeast, was previously proven. In this study, the possible mode of action of citral against yeast cells was evaluated by using a global deletome approach. Firstly, the suitability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Σ1278b to serve as model yeast was assessed by determining its sensitivity to citral (MIC = 0.5 μL/mL). Subsequently, the complete library of Σ1278b haploid mutants deleted in 4019 non-essential genes was screened to identify potential molecular targets of citral. Finally, the deleted genes in the 590 mutants showing increased citral resistance was analyzed with an in-silico approach (Gene Ontology). The significantly enriched GO Terms were "cytoplasm", "vacuole", and "mitochondrion" (cellular components); "catalytic activity" (molecular function); "pseudohyphal growth" (biological process). For molecular function, resistant mutants were grouped into thiosulfate sulfur transferase activity, transferase activity, and oxidoreductase activity; for cellular components, resistant mutants were grouped as: cytoplasm, intracellular organelle, membrane-bounded organelle, mitochondrion, organelle membrane, and vacuole; and finally, with regard to biological process, deleted genes were grouped as: pseudohyphal growth, mitochondrion organization, lipid metabolic process, DNA recombination and repair, and proteolysis. Interestingly, many identified genes were associated with the cellular response to oxidative stress and ROS scavenging. These findings have important implications for the development of citral-based antimicrobials and the elucidation of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolla El Harati
- Department di Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Fancello
- Department di Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Chiara Multineddu
- Department di Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zara
- Department di Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Severino Zara
- Department di Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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2
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Castro H, Rocha MI, Duarte M, Vilurbina J, Gomes-Alves AG, Leao T, Dias F, Morgan B, Deponte M, Tomás AM. The cytosolic hyperoxidation-sensitive and -robust Leishmania peroxiredoxins cPRX1 and cPRX2 are both dispensable for parasite infectivity. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103122. [PMID: 38490068 PMCID: PMC10955670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical two-cysteine peroxiredoxins (2-Cys-PRXs) are H2O2-metabolizing enzymes whose activity relies on two cysteine residues. Protists of the family Trypanosomatidae invariably express one cytosolic 2-Cys-PRX (cPRX1). However, the Leishmaniinae sub-family features an additional isoform (cPRX2), almost identical to cPRX1, except for the lack of an elongated C-terminus with a Tyr-Phe (YF) motif. Previously, cytosolic PRXs were considered vital components of the trypanosomatid antioxidant machinery. Here, we shed new light on the properties, functions and relevance of cPRXs from the human pathogen Leishmania infantum. We show first that LicPRX1 is sensitive to inactivation by hyperoxidation, mirroring other YF-containing PRXs participating in redox signaling. Using genetic fusion constructs with roGFP2, we establish that LicPRX1 and LicPRX2 can act as sensors for H2O2 and oxidize protein thiols with implications for signal transduction. Third, we show that while disrupting the LicPRX-encoding genes increases susceptibility of L. infantum promastigotes to external H2O2in vitro, both enzymes are dispensable for the parasites to endure the macrophage respiratory burst, differentiate into amastigotes and initiate in vivo infections. This study introduces a novel perspective on the functions of trypanosomatid cPRXs, exposing their dual roles as both peroxidases and redox sensors. Furthermore, the discovery that Leishmania can adapt to the absence of both enzymes has significant implications for our understanding of Leishmania infections and their treatment. Importantly, it questions the conventional notion that the oxidative response of macrophages during phagocytosis is a major barrier to infection and the suitability of cPRXs as drug targets for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Castro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Rocha
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Duarte
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Vilurbina
- Fachbereich Chemie, Abteilung Biochemie, RPTU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ana Georgina Gomes-Alves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Leao
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Dias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Institut für Biochemie, Zentrum für Human und Molekularbiologie (ZHMB), Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Fachbereich Chemie, Abteilung Biochemie, RPTU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Tomás
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Siebieszuk A, Sejbuk M, Witkowska AM. Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16169. [PMID: 38003359 PMCID: PMC10671191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently observed circadian oscillations of the intestinal microbiota underscore the profound nature of the human-microbiome relationship and its importance for health. Together with the discovery of circadian clocks in non-photosynthetic gut bacteria and circadian rhythms in anucleated cells, these findings have indicated the possibility that virtually all microorganisms may possess functional biological clocks. However, they have also raised many essential questions concerning the fundamentals of biological timekeeping, its evolution, and its origin. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent literature in molecular chronobiology, aiming to bring together the latest evidence on the structure and mechanisms driving microbial biological clocks while pointing to potential applications of this knowledge in medicine. Moreover, it discusses the latest hypotheses regarding the evolution of timing mechanisms and describes the functions of peroxiredoxins in cells and their contribution to the cellular clockwork. The diversity of biological clocks among various human-associated microorganisms and the role of transcriptional and post-translational timekeeping mechanisms are also addressed. Finally, recent evidence on metabolic oscillators and host-microbiome communication is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Siebieszuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Sejbuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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Ferreira MJ, Rodrigues TA, Pedrosa AG, Silva AR, Vilarinho BG, Francisco T, Azevedo JE. Glutathione and peroxisome redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102917. [PMID: 37804696 PMCID: PMC10565873 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research on peroxisome biochemistry, the role of glutathione in peroxisomal redox homeostasis has remained a matter of speculation for many years, and only recently has this issue started to be experimentally addressed. Here, we summarize and compare data from several organisms on the peroxisome-glutathione topic. It is clear from this comparison that the repertoire of glutathione-utilizing enzymes in peroxisomes of different organisms varies widely. In addition, the available data suggest that the kinetic connectivity between the cytosolic and peroxisomal pools of glutathione may also be different in different organisms, with some possessing a peroxisomal membrane that is promptly permeable to glutathione whereas in others this may not be the case. However, regardless of the differences, the picture that emerges from all these data is that glutathione is a crucial component of the antioxidative system that operates inside peroxisomes in all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tony A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G Pedrosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz G Vilarinho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Francisco
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge E Azevedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Gupta SV, Campos L, Schmidt KH. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase Sod2 suppresses nuclear genome instability during oxidative stress. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad147. [PMID: 37638880 PMCID: PMC10550321 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage DNA and thereby contribute to genome instability. To avoid an imbalance or overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cells are equipped with antioxidant enzymes that scavenge excess ROS. Cells lacking the RecQ-family DNA helicase Sgs1, which contributes to homology-dependent DNA break repair and chromosome stability, are known to accumulate ROS, but the origin and consequences of this oxidative stress phenotype are not fully understood. Here, we show that the sgs1 mutant exhibits elevated mitochondrial superoxide, increased mitochondrial mass, and accumulation of recombinogenic DNA lesions that can be suppressed by antioxidants. Increased mitochondrial mass in the sgs1Δ mutant is accompanied by increased mitochondrial branching, which was also inducible in wildtype cells by replication stress. Superoxide dismutase Sod2 genetically interacts with Sgs1 in the suppression of nuclear chromosomal rearrangements under paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress. PQ-induced chromosome rearrangements in the absence of Sod2 are promoted by Rad51 recombinase and the polymerase subunit Pol32. Finally, the dependence of chromosomal rearrangements on the Rev1/Pol ζ mutasome suggests that under oxidative stress successful DNA synthesis during DNA break repair depends on translesion DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vidushi Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lillian Campos
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Kristina Hildegard Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Kwolek-Mirek M, Dubicka-Lisowska A, Bednarska S, Zadrag-Tecza R, Kaszycki P. Changes in a Protein Profile Can Account for the Altered Phenotype of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mutant Lacking the Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030459. [PMID: 36984899 PMCID: PMC10056615 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen (dioxygen). The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking SOD1 (Δsod1) is hypersensitive to the superoxide anion and displays a number of oxidative stress-related alterations in its phenotype. We compared proteomes of the wild-type strain and the Δsod1 mutant employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and detected eighteen spots representing differentially expressed proteins, of which fourteen were downregulated and four upregulated. Mass spectrometry-based identification enabled the division of these proteins into functional classes related to carbon metabolism, amino acid and protein biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and metabolism, as well as antioxidant processes. Detailed analysis of the proteomic data made it possible to account for several important morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes earlier observed for the SOD1 mutation. An example may be the proposed additional explanation for methionine auxotrophy. It is concluded that protein comparative profiling of the Δsod1 yeast may serve as an efficient tool in the elucidation of the mutation-based systemic alterations in the resultant S. cerevisiae phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dubicka-Lisowska
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sabina Bednarska
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Renata Zadrag-Tecza
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Pawel Kaszycki
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
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Lang L, Wolf AC, Riedel M, Thibol L, Geissel F, Feld K, Zimmermann J, Morgan B, Manolikakes G, Deponte M. Substrate Promiscuity and Hyperoxidation Susceptibility as Potential Driving Forces for the Co-evolution of Prx5-Type and Prx6-Type 1-Cys Peroxiredoxin Mechanisms. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lang
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mareike Riedel
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lea Thibol
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian Geissel
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Feld
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jannik Zimmermann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Kocaefe-Özşen N, Yilmaz B, Alkım C, Arslan M, Topaloğlu A, Kısakesen HLB, Gülsev E, Çakar ZP. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of an Oxidative Stress-Resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Obtained by Evolutionary Engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822864. [PMID: 35283819 PMCID: PMC8911705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major stress type observed in yeast bioprocesses, resulting in a decrease in yeast growth, viability, and productivity. Thus, robust yeast strains with increased resistance to oxidative stress are in highly demand by the industry. In addition, oxidative stress is also associated with aging and age-related complex conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a model eukaryote, has been used to study these complex eukaryotic processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress responses and resistance are unclear. In this study, we have employed evolutionary engineering (also known as adaptive laboratory evolution – ALE) strategies to obtain an oxidative stress-resistant and genetically stable S. cerevisiae strain. Comparative physiological, transcriptomic, and genomic analyses of the evolved strain were then performed with respect to the reference strain. The results show that the oxidative stress-resistant evolved strain was also cross-resistant against other types of stressors, including heat, freeze-thaw, ethanol, cobalt, iron, and salt. It was also found to have higher levels of trehalose and glycogen production. Further, comparative transcriptomic analysis showed an upregulation of many genes associated with the stress response, transport, carbohydrate, lipid and cofactor metabolic processes, protein phosphorylation, cell wall organization, and biogenesis. Genes that were downregulated included those related to ribosome and RNA processing, nuclear transport, tRNA, and cell cycle. Whole genome re-sequencing analysis of the evolved strain identified mutations in genes related to the stress response, cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism/transport, which are in line with the physiological and transcriptomic results, and may give insight toward the complex molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Kocaefe-Özşen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Alkım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alican Topaloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil L Brahim Kısakesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Gülsev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Petek Çakar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Li SW, Wen Y, Leng Y. Transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the tolerance and reduction of Lysinibacillus fusiformis 15-4 to hexavalent chromium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7841-7855. [PMID: 34546405 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated environments has drawn extensive concern. However, the molecular processes underlying the microbial Cr(VI) tolerance and reduction remain unclear. We isolated a Cr(VI)-reducing Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain 15-4 from soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. When grown in 1 mM and 2 mM Cr(VI)-containing medium, strain 15-4 could reduce 100% and 93.7% of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) after 36 h and 60 h of incubation, respectively. To know the molecular processes in response to Cr(VI), transcriptome sequencing was carried out using RNA-Seq technology. The results annotated a total of 3913 expressed genes in the strain. One thousand ninety-eight genes (28.1%) were significantly (fold change ≥ 2, false discovery rate ≤ 0.05) expressed in response to Cr(VI), of which 605 (55.1%) were upregulated and 493 (44.9%) were downregulated. The enrichment analysis showed that a total of 630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched to 122 KEGG pathways, of which 8 pathways were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in Cr(VI)-treated sample, including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (97 DEGs), ribosome (40), sulfur metabolism (16), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (19), porphyrin metabolism (20), quorum sensing (44), oxidative phosphorylation (17), and histidine metabolism (10), suggesting that these pathways play key roles to cope with Cr(VI) in the strain. The highly upregulated DEGs consisted of 29 oxidoreductase, 18 dehydrogenase, 14 cell redox homeostasis and stress response protein, and 10 DNA damage and repair protein genes. However, seven Na+:H+ antiporter complex-coding DEGs and most of transcriptional regulator-coding DEGs were significantly downregulated in the Cr-treated sample. Many of FMN/NAD(P)H-dependent reductase-encoding genes were greatly induced by Cr, suggesting the involvement of these genes in Cr(VI) reduction in strain 15-4. Sulfur and iron ions as well as the thiol-disulfide exchange reactions might play synergistic roles in Cr reduction.Key points• Lysinibacillus fusiformis 15-4 was able to tolerate and reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III).• Transcriptome analysis revealed that 1098 DEGs and 8 key KEGG pathways significantly responded to Cr(VI).• Sulfur metabolism, protein biosynthesis, and porphyrin metabolism were the key pathways associated with the survival of strain 15-4 in response to Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Weng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Wen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Leng
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
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10
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de Oliveira MA, Tairum CA, Netto LES, de Oliveira ALP, Aleixo-Silva RL, Cabrera VIM, Breyer CA, Dos Santos MC. Relevance of peroxiredoxins in pathogenic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5701-17. [PMID: 34258640 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative and nitrosative responses generated by animals and plants are important defenses against infection and establishment of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Among distinct oxidant species, hydroperoxides are a group of chemically diverse compounds that comprise small hydrophilic molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, and bulky hydrophobic species, such as organic hydroperoxides. Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are ubiquitous enzymes that use a highly reactive cysteine residue to decompose hydroperoxides and can also perform other functions, like molecular chaperone and phospholipase activities, contributing to microbial protection against the host defenses. Prx are present in distinct cell compartments and, in some cases, they can be secreted to the extracellular environment. Despite their high abundance, Prx expression can be further increased in response to oxidative stress promoted by host defense systems, by treatment with hydroperoxides or by antibiotics. In consequence, some isoforms have been described as virulence factors, highlighting their importance in pathogenesis. Prx are very diverse and are classified into six different classes (Prx1-AhpC, BCP-PrxQ, Tpx, Prx5, Prx6, and AhpE) based on structural and biochemical features. Some groups are absent in hosts, while others present structural peculiarities that differentiate them from the host's isoforms. In this context, the intrinsic characteristics of these enzymes may aid the development of new drugs to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, since some isoforms are also found in the extracellular environment, Prx emerge as attractive targets for the production of diagnostic tests and vaccines. KEY POINTS: • Peroxiredoxins are front-line defenses against host oxidative and nitrosative stress. • Functional and structural peculiarities differ pathogen and host enzymes. • Peroxiredoxins are potential targets to microbicidal drugs.
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11
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Nordstedt NP, Jones ML. Genomic Analysis of Serratia plymuthica MBSA-MJ1: A Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria That Improves Water Stress Tolerance in Greenhouse Ornamentals. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653556. [PMID: 34046022 PMCID: PMC8144289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water stress decreases the health and quality of horticulture crops by inhibiting photosynthesis, transpiration, and nutrient uptake. Application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can increase the growth, stress tolerance, and overall quality of field and greenhouse grown crops subjected to water stress. Here, we evaluated Serratia plymuthica MBSA-MJ1 for its ability to increase plant growth and quality of Petunia × hybrida (petunia), Impatiens walleriana (impatiens), and Viola × wittrockiana (pansy) plants recovering from severe water stress. Plants were treated weekly with inoculum of MBSA-MJ1, and plant growth and quality were evaluated 2 weeks after recovery from water stress. Application of S. plymuthica MBSA-MJ1 increased the visual quality and shoot biomass of petunia and impatiens and increased the flower number of petunia after recovery from water stress. In addition, in vitro characterizations showed that MBSA-MJ1 is a motile bacterium with moderate levels of antibiotic resistance that can withstand osmotic stress. Further, comprehensive genomic analyses identified genes putatively involved in bacterial osmotic and oxidative stress responses and the synthesis of osmoprotectants and vitamins that could potentially be involved in increasing plant water stress tolerance. This work provides a better understanding of potential mechanisms involved in beneficial plant-microbe interactions under abiotic stress using a novel S. plymuthica strain as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Nordstedt
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Michelle L Jones
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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12
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Singh Y, Nair AM, Verma PK. Surviving the odds: From perception to survival of fungal phytopathogens under host-generated oxidative burst. Plant Commun 2021; 2:100142. [PMID: 34027389 PMCID: PMC8132124 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungal phytopathogens pose a serious threat to global crop production. Only a handful of strategies are available to combat these fungal infections, and the increasing incidence of fungicide resistance is making the situation worse. Hence, the molecular understanding of plant-fungus interactions remains a primary focus of plant pathology. One of the hallmarks of host-pathogen interactions is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a plant defense mechanism, collectively termed the oxidative burst. In general, high accumulation of ROS restricts the growth of pathogenic organisms by causing localized cell death around the site of infection. To survive the oxidative burst and achieve successful host colonization, fungal phytopathogens employ intricate mechanisms for ROS perception, ROS neutralization, and protection from ROS-mediated damage. Together, these countermeasures maintain the physiological redox homeostasis that is essential for cell viability. In addition to intracellular antioxidant systems, phytopathogenic fungi also deploy interesting effector-mediated mechanisms for extracellular ROS modulation. This aspect of plant-pathogen interactions is significantly under-studied and provides enormous scope for future research. These adaptive responses, broadly categorized into "escape" and "exploitation" mechanisms, are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the oxidative stress response of filamentous fungi, their perception signaling, and recent insights that provide a comprehensive understanding of the distinct survival mechanisms of fungal pathogens in response to the host-generated oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshveer Singh
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Athira Mohandas Nair
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author
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13
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Boysen JM, Saeed N, Wolf T, Panagiotou G, Hillmann F. The Peroxiredoxin Asp f3 Acts as Redox Sensor in Aspergillus fumigatus. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:668. [PMID: 33946853 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is readily eradicated by the innate immunity of immunocompetent human hosts, but can cause severe infections, such as invasive aspergillosis (IA), in immunocompromised individuals. During infection, the fungal redox homeostasis can be challenged by reactive oxygen species (ROS), either derived from the oxidative burst of innate immune cells or the action of antifungal drugs. The peroxiredoxin Asp f3 was found to be essential to cause IA in mice, but how Asp f3 integrates with fungal redox homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we show that in vivo, Asp f3 acts as a sensor for ROS. While global transcription in fungal hyphae under minimal growth conditions was fully independent of Asp f3, a robust induction of the oxidative stress response required the presence of the peroxiredoxin. Hyphae devoid of Asp f3 failed to activate several redox active genes, like members of the gliotoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and integral members of the Afyap1 regulon, the central activator of the ROS defense machinery in fungi. Upon deletion of the asp f3 gene Afyap1 displayed significantly reduced nuclear localization during ROS exposure, indicating that Asp f3 can act as an intracellular redox sensor for several target proteins.
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14
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Vázquez-Fernández P, López-Romero E, Cuéllar-Cruz M. A comparative proteomic analysis of Candida species in response to the oxidizing agent cumene hydroperoxide. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2219-2228. [PMID: 33630118 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida genus comprises several species that can be found in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals. Under certain conditions, however, they behave as opportunistic pathogens that colonize these tissues, most frequently when the immune system is compromised by a disease or under certain medical treatments. To colonize the human host, these organisms require to express cell wall proteins (CWP) that allowed them to adhere and adapt to the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species produced in the macrophage during the respiratory burst. The aim of this study was to determine how four Candida species respond to the oxidative stress imposed by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). To this purpose, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis were exposed to this oxidant which is known to generate ROS in the membrane phospholipids. Accordingly, both mock and CHP-exposed cells were used to extract and analyze CWP and also to measure catalase activity and the levels of protein carbonylation. Results indicated that all four species express different CWP to neutralize ROS. Most relevant among these proteins were the glycolytic enzymes enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, known as moonlight proteins because in addition to participate in glycolysis they play an important role in the cell response to ROS. In addition, a thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme (Tsa) was also found to counteract ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vázquez-Fernández
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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15
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Abstract
Urm1 (ubiquitin related modifier 1) is a molecular fossil in the class of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). It encompasses characteristics of classical UBLs, such as ubiquitin or SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier), but also of bacterial sulfur-carrier proteins (SCP). Since its main function is to modify tRNA, Urm1 acts in a non-canonical manner. Uba4, the activating enzyme of Urm1, contains two domains: a classical E1-like domain (AD), which activates Urm1, and a rhodanese homology domain (RHD). This sulfurtransferase domain catalyzes the formation of a C-terminal thiocarboxylate on Urm1. Thiocarboxylated Urm1 is the sulfur donor for 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U), a chemical nucleotide modification at the wobble position in tRNA. This thio-modification is conserved in all domains of life and optimizes translation. The absence of Urm1 increases stress sensitivity in yeast triggered by defects in protein homeostasis, a hallmark of neurological defects in higher organisms. In contrast, elevated levels of tRNA modifying enzymes promote the appearance of certain types of cancer and the formation of metastasis. Here, we summarize recent findings on the unique features that place Urm1 at the intersection of UBL and SCP and make Urm1 an excellent model for studying the evolution of protein conjugation and sulfur-carrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Termathe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Protein Biochemistry and Photobiocatalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Sebastian A. Leidel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zhang Z, Liang X, Lu L, Xu Z, Huang J, He H, Peng X. Two glyoxylate reductase isoforms are functionally redundant but required under high photorespiration conditions in rice. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 32727356 PMCID: PMC7391683 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glyoxylate reductase (GR) multigene family has been described in various plant species, their isoforms show different biochemical features in plants. However, few studies have addressed the biological roles of GR isozymes, especially for rice. RESULTS Here, we report a detailed analysis of the enzymatic properties and physiological roles of OsGR1 and OsGR2 in rice. The results showed that both enzymes prefer NADPH to NADH as cofactor, and the NADPH-dependent glyoxylate reducing activity represents the major GR activity in various tissues and at different growth stages; and OsGR1 proteins were more abundant than OsGR2, which is also a major contributor to total GR activities. By generating and characterizing various OsGR-genetically modified rice lines, including overexpression, single and double-knockout lines, we found that no phenotypic differences occur among the various transgenic lines under normal growth conditions, while a dwarfish growth phenotype was noticed under photorespiration-promoted conditions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OsGR1 and OsGR2, with distinct enzymatic characteristics, function redundantly in detoxifying glyoxylate in rice plants under normal growth conditions, whereas both are simultaneously required under high photorespiration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han He
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Calabrese G, Peker E, Amponsah PS, Hoehne MN, Riemer T, Mai M, Bienert GP, Deponte M, Morgan B, Riemer J. Hyperoxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin limits H 2 O 2 -induced cell death in yeast. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101552. [PMID: 31389622 PMCID: PMC6745495 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays important roles in cellular signaling, yet nonetheless is toxic at higher concentrations. Surprisingly, the mechanism(s) of cellular H2O2 toxicity remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal an important role for mitochondrial 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin from budding yeast, Prx1, in regulating H2O2‐induced cell death. We show that Prx1 efficiently transfers oxidative equivalents from H2O2 to the mitochondrial glutathione pool. Deletion of PRX1 abrogates glutathione oxidation and leads to a cytosolic adaptive response involving upregulation of the catalase, Ctt1. Both of these effects contribute to improved cell viability following an acute H2O2 challenge. By replacing PRX1 with natural and engineered peroxiredoxin variants, we could predictably induce widely differing matrix glutathione responses to H2O2. Therefore, we demonstrated a key role for matrix glutathione oxidation in driving H2O2‐induced cell death. Finally, we reveal that hyperoxidation of Prx1 serves as a switch‐off mechanism to limit oxidation of matrix glutathione at high H2O2 concentrations. This enables yeast cells to strike a fine balance between H2O2 removal and limitation of matrix glutathione oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calabrese
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esra Peker
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Prince Saforo Amponsah
- Department for Biology, Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, University of the Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Michaela Nicole Hoehne
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Trine Riemer
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie Mai
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of the Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of the Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Gier S, Simon M, Nordström K, Khalifa S, Schulz MH, Schmitt MJ, Breinig F. Transcriptome Kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Response to Viral Killer Toxin K1. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1102. [PMID: 31156606 PMCID: PMC6531845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The K1 A/B toxin secreted by virus-infected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains kills sensitive cells via disturbance of cytoplasmic membrane functions. Despite decades of research, the mechanisms underlying K1 toxicity and immunity have not been elucidated yet. In a novel approach, this study aimed to characterize transcriptome changes in K1-treated sensitive yeast cells in a time-dependent manner. Global transcriptional profiling revealed substantial cellular adaptations in target cells resulting in 1,189 differentially expressed genes in total. Killer toxin K1 induced oxidative, cell wall and hyperosmotic stress responses as well as rapid down-regulation of transcription and translation. Essential pathways regulating energy metabolism were also significantly affected by the toxin. Remarkably, a futile cycle of the osmolytes trehalose and glycogen was identified probably representing a critical feature of K1 intoxication. In silico analysis suggested several transcription factors involved in toxin-triggered signal transduction. The identified transcriptome changes provide valuable hints to illuminate the still unknown molecular events leading to K1 toxicity and immunity implicating an evolutionarily conserved response at least initially counteracting ionophoric toxin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gier
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.,Molecular Cell Dynamics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karl Nordström
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Salem Khalifa
- Cluster of Excellence "Multimodal Computing and Interaction", Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Cluster of Excellence "Multimodal Computing and Interaction", Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manfred J Schmitt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Breinig
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a member of an evolutionary ancient family of peroxidase enzymes with diverse functions in the cell. Prdx6 is an important enzymatic antioxidant. It reduces a wide range of peroxide substrates in the cell, thus playing a leading role in the maintenance of the redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. Beside peroxidase activity, Prdx6 has been shown to possess an activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme playing an important role in membrane phospholipid metabolism. Moreover, Prdx6 takes part in intercellular and intracellular signal transduction due to its peroxidase and phospholipase activity, thus facilitating the initiation of regenerative processes in the cell, suppression of apoptosis, and activation of cell proliferation. Being an effective and important antioxidant enzyme, Prdx6 plays an essential role in neutralizing oxidative stress caused by various factors, including action of ionizing radiation. Endogenous Prdx6 has been shown to possess a significant radioprotective potential in cellular and animal models. Moreover, intravenous infusion of recombinant Prdx6 to animals before irradiation at lethal or sublethal doses has shown its high radioprotective effect. Exogenous Prdx6 effectively alleviates the severeness of radiation lesions, providing normalization of the functional state of radiosensitive organs and tissues, and leads to a significant elevation of the survival rate of animals. Prdx6 can be considered as a potent and promising radioprotective agent for reducing the pathological effect of ionizing radiation on mammalian organisms. The radioprotective properties and mechanisms of radioprotective action of Prdx6 are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars G Sharapov
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Reception, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Vladimir I Novoselov
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Reception, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Wave Research Center, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Experimental Clinical Studies, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), 129110 Moscow, Russia.
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Nizhni Novgorod, Russia.
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20
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Ma H, Wang M, Gai Y, Fu H, Zhang B, Ruan R, Chung KR, Li H. Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems Required for Oxidative Stress Resistance, Fungicide Sensitivity, and Virulence of Alternaria alternata. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00086-18. [PMID: 29752269 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00086-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the function of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata via analyzing mutants obtained from the targeted deletion of genes encoding thioredoxin peroxidase (Tsa1), thioredoxin reductase (Trr1), and glutathione reductase (Glr1). Trr1 and Glr1, but not Tsa1, are required for growth and conidiation. The reduced growth and conidiation seen in the Trr1 or Glr1 deletion mutant can be restored by glutathione. Deletion mutants showing growth inhibition by oxidants are defective for H2O2 detoxification and induce smaller lesions on citrus leaves. Trr1 and Glr1, but not Tsa1, also contribute to NaCl resistance. Glr1 is required for sorbitol resistance and is responsible for resistance to mancozeb and boscalid but not chlorothalonil fungicides, a novel phenotype that has not been reported in fungi. Trr1 is required for resistance to boscalid and chlorothalonil fungicides but confers susceptibility to mancozeb. The Tsa1 deletion mutant displays wild-type sensitivity to the tested fungicides. The expression of Tsa1 and Trr1 is regulated by the oxidative stress responsive regulators Yap1, Hog1, and Skn7. The expression of Tsa1, but not Trr1, is also regulated indirectly by the NADPH oxidase. The results indicate that the capability to resist oxidative stress is required for virulence of A. alternataIMPORTANCE The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems are important thiol antioxidant systems in cells, and knowledge of these two systems in the plant-pathogenic fungus A. alternata is useful for finding new strategies to reduce the virulence of this pathogen. In this study, we demonstrated that thiol antioxidant system-related genes (Tsa1, Trr1, and Glr1) are required for H2O2 detoxification and virulence in A. alternata Moreover, deletion of Trr1 results in hypersensitivity to the fungicides chlorothalonil and boscalid, and Glr1 deletion mutants are highly sensitive to mancozeb, which is the fungicide mostly used in citrus fields. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in pathogenesis on citrus and provide novel insights into the physiological functions of thiol-containing systems in fungicide sensitivity for A. alternata.
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21
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Detienne G, De Haes W, Mergan L, Edwards SL, Temmerman L, Van Bael S. Beyond ROS clearance: Peroxiredoxins in stress signaling and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 44:33-48. [PMID: 29580920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants were long predicted to have lifespan-promoting effects, but in general this prediction has not been well supported. While some antioxidants do seem to have a clear effect on longevity, this may not be primarily as a result of their role in the removal of reactive oxygen species, but rather mediated by other mechanisms such as the modulation of intracellular signaling. In this review we discuss peroxiredoxins, a class of proteinaceous antioxidants with redox signaling and chaperone functions, and their involvement in regulating longevity and stress resistance. Peroxiredoxins have a clear role in the regulation of lifespan and survival of many model organisms, including the mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Recent research on peroxiredoxins - in these models and beyond - has revealed surprising new insights regarding the interplay between peroxiredoxins and longevity signaling, which will be discussed here in detail. As redox signaling is emerging as a potentially important player in the regulation of longevity and aging, increased knowledge of these fascinating antioxidants and their mode(s) of action is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Detienne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lucas Mergan
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samantha L Edwards
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sven Van Bael
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Radzinski M, Fassler R, Yogev O, Breuer W, Shai N, Gutin J, Ilyas S, Geffen Y, Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig S, Nahmias Y, Ravid T, Friedman N, Schuldiner M, Reichmann D. Temporal profiling of redox-dependent heterogeneity in single cells. eLife 2018; 7:37623. [PMID: 29869985 PMCID: PMC6023615 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox status affects diverse cellular functions, including proliferation, protein homeostasis, and aging. Thus, individual differences in redox status can give rise to distinct sub-populations even among cells with identical genetic backgrounds. Here, we have created a novel methodology to track redox status at single cell resolution using the redox-sensitive probe Grx1-roGFP2. Our method allows identification and sorting of sub-populations with different oxidation levels in either the cytosol, mitochondria or peroxisomes. Using this approach, we defined a redox-dependent heterogeneity of yeast cells and characterized growth, as well as proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of distinctive redox subpopulations. We report that, starting in late logarithmic growth, cells of the same age have a bi-modal distribution of oxidation status. A comparative proteomic analysis between these populations identified three key proteins, Hsp30, Dhh1, and Pnc1, which affect basal oxidation levels and may serve as first line of defense proteins in redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytal Radzinski
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rosi Fassler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad Yogev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - William Breuer
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadav Shai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jenia Gutin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sidra Ilyas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yifat Geffen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sabina Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tommer Ravid
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Reichmann
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hum YF, Jinks-Robertson S. DNA strand-exchange patterns associated with double-strand break-induced and spontaneous mitotic crossovers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007302. [PMID: 29579095 PMCID: PMC5886692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic recombination can result in loss of heterozygosity and chromosomal rearrangements that shape genome structure and initiate human disease. Engineered double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a potent initiator of recombination, but whether spontaneous events initiate with the breakage of one or both DNA strands remains unclear. In the current study, a crossover (CO)-specific assay was used to compare heteroduplex DNA (hetDNA) profiles, which reflect strand exchange intermediates, associated with DSB-induced versus spontaneous events in yeast. Most DSB-induced CO products had the two-sided hetDNA predicted by the canonical DSB repair model, with a switch in hetDNA position from one product to the other at the position of the break. Approximately 40% of COs, however, had hetDNA on only one side of the initiating break. This anomaly can be explained by a modified model in which there is frequent processing of an early invasion (D-loop) intermediate prior to extension of the invading end. Finally, hetDNA tracts exhibited complexities consistent with frequent expansion of the DSB into a gap, migration of strand-exchange junctions, and template switching during gap-filling reactions. hetDNA patterns in spontaneous COs isolated in either a wild-type background or in a background with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (tsa1Δ mutant) were similar to those associated with the DSB-induced events, suggesting that DSBs are the major instigator of spontaneous mitotic recombination in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Fang Hum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sue Jinks-Robertson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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24
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Su T, Si M, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Yao S, Che C, Chen C. A thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin Q from Corynebacterium glutamicum plays an important role in defense against oxidative stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192674. [PMID: 29438446 PMCID: PMC5811025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin Q (PrxQ) that belonged to the cysteine-based peroxidases has long been identified in numerous bacteria, but the information on the physiological and biochemical functions of PrxQ remain largely lacking in Corynebacterium glutamicum. To better systematically understand PrxQ, we reported that PrxQ from model and important industrial organism C. glutamicum, encoded by the gene ncgl2403 annotated as a putative PrxQ, played important roles in adverse stress resistance. The lack of C. glutamicum prxQ gene resulted in enhanced cell sensitivity, increased ROS accumulation, and elevated protein carbonylation levels under adverse stress conditions. Accordingly, PrxQ-mediated resistance to adverse stresses mainly relied on the degradation of ROS. The physiological roles of PrxQ in resistance to adverse stresses were corroborated by its induced expression under adverse stresses, regulated directly by the stress-responsive ECF-sigma factor SigH. Through catalytical kinetic activity, heterodimer formation, and bacterial two-hybrid analysis, we proved that C. glutamicum PrxQ catalytically eliminated peroxides by exclusively receiving electrons from thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system and had a broad range of oxidizing substrates, but a better efficiency for peroxynitrite and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the conserved Cys49 and Cys54 are the peroxide oxidation site and the resolving Cys residue, respectively. It was also discovered that C. glutamicum PrxQ mainly existed in monomer whether under its native state or functional state. Based on these results, a catalytic model of PrxQ is being proposed. Moreover, our result that C. glutamicum PrxQ can prevent the damaging effects of adverse stresses by acting as thioredoxin-dependent monomeric peroxidase could be further applied to improve the survival ability and robustness of the important bacterium during fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Geography And Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Shumin Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Chengchuan Che
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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El Enshasy HA, El Marzugi NA, Elsayed EA, Ling OM, Malek RA, Kepli AN, Othman NZ, Ramli S. Medical and Cosmetic Applications of Fungal Nanotechnology: Production, Characterization, and Bioactivity. Fungal Nanobionics: Principles and Applications 2018:21-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8666-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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26
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione metabolism is comparable to a jigsaw puzzle with too many pieces. It is supposed to comprise (i) the reduction of disulfides, hydroperoxides, sulfenic acids, and nitrosothiols, (ii) the detoxification of aldehydes, xenobiotics, and heavy metals, and (iii) the synthesis of eicosanoids, steroids, and iron-sulfur clusters. In addition, glutathione affects oxidative protein folding and redox signaling. Here, I try to provide an overview on the relevance of glutathione-dependent pathways with an emphasis on quantitative data. Recent Advances: Intracellular redox measurements reveal that the cytosol, the nucleus, and mitochondria contain very little glutathione disulfide and that oxidative challenges are rapidly counterbalanced. Genetic approaches suggest that iron metabolism is the centerpiece of the glutathione puzzle in yeast. Furthermore, recent biochemical studies provide novel insights on glutathione transport processes and uncoupling mechanisms. CRITICAL ISSUES Which parts of the glutathione puzzle are most relevant? Does this explain the high intracellular concentrations of reduced glutathione? How can iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, oxidative protein folding, or redox signaling occur at high glutathione concentrations? Answers to these questions not only seem to depend on the organism, cell type, and subcellular compartment but also on different ideologies among researchers. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A rational approach to compare the relevance of glutathione-dependent pathways is to combine genetic and quantitative kinetic data. However, there are still many missing pieces and too little is known about the compartment-specific repertoire and concentration of numerous metabolites, substrates, enzymes, and transporters as well as rate constants and enzyme kinetic patterns. Gathering this information might require the development of novel tools but is crucial to address potential kinetic competitions and to decipher uncoupling mechanisms to solve the glutathione puzzle. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1130-1161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Deponte
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University , Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial glutathione fulfills crucial roles in a number of processes, including iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and peroxide detoxification. Recent Advances: Genetically encoded fluorescent probes for the glutathione redox potential (EGSH) have permitted extensive new insights into the regulation of mitochondrial glutathione redox homeostasis. These probes have revealed that the glutathione pools of the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space (IMS) are highly reduced, similar to the cytosolic glutathione pool. The glutathione pool of the IMS is in equilibrium with the cytosolic glutathione pool due to the presence of porins that allow free passage of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) across the outer mitochondrial membrane. In contrast, limited transport of glutathione across the inner mitochondrial membrane ensures that the matrix glutathione pool is kinetically isolated from the cytosol and IMS. CRITICAL ISSUES In contrast to the situation in the cytosol, there appears to be extensive crosstalk between the mitochondrial glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Further, both systems appear to be intimately involved in the removal of reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), produced in mitochondria. However, a detailed understanding of these interactions remains elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We postulate that the application of genetically encoded sensors for glutathione in combination with novel H2O2 probes and conventional biochemical redox state assays will lead to fundamental new insights into mitochondrial redox regulation and reinvigorate research into the physiological relevance of mitochondrial redox changes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1162-1177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calabrese
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- 2 Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
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28
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Meng D, Zhang P, Li S, Ho C, Zhao H. Antioxidant activity evaluation of dietary phytochemicals using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. J Funct Foods 2017; 38:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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29
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Putnam CD, Kolodner RD. Pathways and Mechanisms that Prevent Genome Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2017; 206:1187-225. [PMID: 28684602 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.145805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome rearrangements result in mutations that underlie many human diseases, and ongoing genome instability likely contributes to the development of many cancers. The tools for studying genome instability in mammalian cells are limited, whereas model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are more amenable to these studies. Here, we discuss the many genetic assays developed to measure the rate of occurrence of Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements (called GCRs) in S. cerevisiae. These genetic assays have been used to identify many types of GCRs, including translocations, interstitial deletions, and broken chromosomes healed by de novo telomere addition, and have identified genes that act in the suppression and formation of GCRs. Insights from these studies have contributed to the understanding of pathways and mechanisms that suppress genome instability and how these pathways cooperate with each other. Integrated models for the formation and suppression of GCRs are discussed.
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Shedlovskiy D, Zinskie JA, Gardner E, Pestov DG, Shcherbik N. Endonucleolytic cleavage in the expansion segment 7 of 25S rRNA is an early marker of low-level oxidative stress in yeast. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18469-18485. [PMID: 28939771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to oxidative stress is crucial to the survival of living organisms. In cells, sensing of increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates many defensive mechanisms that limit or repair damage to cell components. The ROS-signaling responses necessary for cell survival under oxidative stress conditions remain incompletely understood, especially for the translational machinery. Here, we found that drug treatments or a genetic deficiency in the thioredoxin system that increase levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae promote site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage in 25S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) adjacent to the c loop of the expansion segment 7 (ES7), a putative regulatory region located on the surface of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Our data also show that ES7c is cleaved at early stages of the gene expression program that enables cells to successfully counteract oxidative stress and is not a prerequisite or consequence of apoptosis. Moreover, the 60S subunits containing ES7c-cleaved rRNA cofractionate with intact subunits in sucrose gradients and repopulate polysomes after a short starvation-induced translational block, indicating their active role in translation. These results demonstrate that ES7c cleavage in rRNA is an early and sensitive marker of increased ROS levels in yeast cells and suggest that changes in ribosomes may be involved in the adaptive response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ethan Gardner
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and.,the Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey 08084
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31
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Linder RA, Greco JP, Seidl F, Matsui T, Ehrenreich IM. The Stress-Inducible Peroxidase TSA2 Underlies a Conditionally Beneficial Chromosomal Duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3 (Bethesda) 2017; 7:3177-84. [PMID: 28743806 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although chromosomal duplications are often deleterious, in some cases they enhance cells’ abilities to tolerate specific genetic or environmental challenges. Identifying the genes that confer these conditionally beneficial effects to particular chromosomal duplications can improve our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms that enable certain aneuploidies to persist in cell populations and contribute to disease and evolution. Here, we perform a screen for spontaneous mutations that improve the tolerance of haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hydrogen peroxide. Chromosome IV duplication is the most frequent mutation, as well as the only change in chromosomal copy number seen in the screen. Using a genetic mapping strategy that involves systematically deleting segments of a duplicated chromosome, we show that the chromosome IV’s duplication effect is largely due to the generation of a second copy of the stress-inducible cytoplasmic thioredoxin peroxidase TSA2. Our findings add to a growing body of literature that shows the conditionally beneficial effects of chromosomal duplication are typically mediated by a small number of genes that enhance tolerance to specific stresses when their copy numbers are increased.
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32
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Wang X, Hu B, Wen C, Zhang M, Jian S, Yang G. Molecular cloning, expression and antioxidative activity of 2-cys-peroxiredoxin from freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 66:254-263. [PMID: 28499967 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an important role against various oxidative stresses by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and organic hydroperoxides to less harmful form. A 2-cys peroxiredoxin, designated as CpPrx, was cloned from hemocytes of freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata. The full length cDNA of CpPrx is 1247 bp, which includes an open reading frame (ORF) of 591bp, encoding 196 amino acids. CpPrx possesses two conserved cysteine residues (Cys49, Cys170). The deduced amino acid sequence of CpPrx showed a high level (67-74%) of sequence similarity to 2-Cys Prxs from other species. The results of real-time quantitative PCR revealed that CpPrx mRNA was constitutively expressed in tissues, and the highest expression levels were in hepatopancreas and gills. After peptidoglycan (PGN) and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, the expression levels of CpPrx mRNA were up-regulated in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. The cDNA of CpPrx was cloned into the plasmid pET-32, and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Comparison with DE3-pET-32 and DE3 strain, the cells of DE3-pET-32-CpPrx exhibited resistance to the concentration of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mmoL/L H2O2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Jiangxi Biotech Vocational, Nanchang 330200, China.
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Gang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Gurung AB, Das AK, Bhattacharjee A. Disruption of redox catalytic functions of peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using small interface binding molecules. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 67:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oblak E, Piecuch A, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wawrzycka D. Quaternary ammonium salt N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)- N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride induced alterations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology. J Biosci 2017; 41:601-614. [PMID: 27966483 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) called IM (N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)- N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride) on yeast cells of the parental strain and the IM-resistant mutant (EO25 IMR) growth. The phenotype of this mutant was pleiotropic. The IMR mutant exhibited resistance to ethanol, osmotic shock and oxidative stress, as well as increased sensitivity to UV. Moreover, it was noted that mutant EO25 appears to have an increased resistance to clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, nystatin and cycloheximide. It also tolerated growth in the presence of crystal violet, DTT and metals (selenium, tin, arsenic). It was shown that the presence of IM decreased ergosterol level in mutant plasma membrane and increased its unsaturation. These results indicate changes in the cell lipid composition. Western blot analysis showed the induction of Pma1 level by IM. RT-PCR revealed an increased PMA1 expression after IM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oblak
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, and Institute of Experimental Biology University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland,
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35
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Hong SH, Lee SS, Chung JM, Jung HS, Singh S, Mondal S, Jang HH, Cho JY, Bae HJ, Chung BY. Site-specific mutagenesis of yeast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin improves heat or oxidative stress tolerance by enhancing its chaperone or peroxidase function. Protoplasma 2017; 254:327-334. [PMID: 26843371 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Yeast peroxiredoxin II (yPrxII) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a protective role against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This enzyme consists of 196 amino acids containing 2-Cys Prx with highly conserved two active cysteine residues at positions 48 and 171. The yPrxII has dual enzymatic functions as a peroxidase and molecular chaperone. To understand the effect of additional cysteine residues on dual functions of yPrxII, S79C-yPrxII and S109C-yPrxII, the substitution of Ser with Cys residue at 79 and 109 positions, respectively, was generated. S109C-yPrxII and S79C-yPrxII showed 3.7- and 2.7-fold higher chaperone and peroxidase activity, respectively, than the wild type (WT). The improvement in enzyme activity was found to be closely associated with structural changes in proteins. S109C-yPrxII had increased β-sheet in its secondary structure and formed high-molecular-weight (HMW) as well as low-molecular-weight (LMW) complexes, but S79C-yPrxII formed only LMW complexes. HMW complexes predominantly exhibited a chaperone function, and LMW complexes showed a peroxidase function. In addition, transgenic yeast cells over-expressing Cys-substituted yPrxII showed greater tolerance against heat and oxidative stress compared to WT-yPrxII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Hong
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Korea
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Suvendu Mondal
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Cho
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea.
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36
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Sarcinelli C, Fiorentino G, Pizzo E, Bartolucci S, Limauro D. Discovering Antioxidant Molecules in the Archaea Domain: Peroxiredoxin Bcp1 from Sulfolobus solfataricus Protects H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts from Oxidative Stress. Archaea 2016; 2016:7424870. [PMID: 27752237 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7424870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous thiol peroxidases that are involved in the reduction of peroxides. It has been reported that prokaryotic Prxs generally show greater structural robustness than their eukaryotic counterparts, making them less prone to inactivation by overoxidation. This difference has inspired the search for new antioxidants from prokaryotic sources that can be used as possible therapeutic biodrugs. Bacterioferritin comigratory proteins (Bcps) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus that belong to the Prx family have recently been characterized. One of these proteins, Bcp1, was chosen to determine its antioxidant effects in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells. Bcp1 activity was measured in vitro under physiological temperature and pH conditions that are typical of mammalian cells; the yeast thioredoxin reductase (yTrxR)/thioredoxin (yTrx) reducing system was used to evaluate enzyme activity. A TAT-Bcp1 fusion protein was constructed to allow its internalization and verify the effect of Bcp1 on H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts subjected to oxidative stress. The results reveal that TAT-Bcp1 is not cytotoxic and inhibits H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells by reducing the H2O2 content inside these cells.
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Irokawa H, Tachibana T, Watanabe T, Matsuyama Y, Motohashi H, Ogasawara A, Iwai K, Naganuma A, Kuge S. Redox-dependent Regulation of Gluconeogenesis by a Novel Mechanism Mediated by a Peroxidatic Cysteine of Peroxiredoxin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33536. [PMID: 27634403 PMCID: PMC5025857 DOI: 10.1038/srep33536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin is an abundant peroxidase, but its non-peroxidase function is also important. In this study, we discovered that Tsa1, a major peroxiredoxin of budding yeast cells, is required for the efficient flux of gluconeogenesis. We found that the suppression of pyruvate kinase (Pyk1) via the interaction with Tsa1 contributes in part to gluconeogenic enhancement. The physical interactions between Pyk1 and Tsa1 were augmented during the shift from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis. Intriguingly, a peroxidatic cysteine in the catalytic center of Tsa1 played an important role in the physical Tsa1-Pyk1 interactions. These interactions are enhanced by exogenous H2O2 and by endogenous reactive oxygen species, which is increased during gluconeogenesis. Only the peroxidatic cysteine, but no other catalytic cysteine of Tsa1, is required for efficient growth during the metabolic shift to obtain maximum yeast growth (biomass). This Tsa1 function is separable from the peroxidase function as an antioxidant. This is the first report to demonstrate that peroxiredoxin has a novel nonperoxidase function as a redox-dependent target modulator and that pyruvate kinase is modulated via an alternative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Irokawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0861, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsuyama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ayako Ogasawara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Kenta Iwai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Akira Naganuma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0861, Japan
| | - Shusuke Kuge
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
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Kathiresan M, English AM. Targeted proteomics identify metabolism-dependent interactors of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase: implications in stress response and heme trafficking. Metallomics 2016; 8:434-43. [PMID: 26980054 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently we discovered that cytochrome c peroxidase (Ccp1) functions primarily as a mitochondrial H2O2 sensor and heme donor in yeast cells. When cells switch their metabolism from fermentation to respiration mitochondrial H2O2 levels spike, and overoxidation of its polypeptide labilizes Ccp1's heme. A large pool of heme-free Ccp1 exits the mitochondria and enters the nucleus and vacuole. To gain greater insight into the mechanisms of Ccp1's H2O2-sensing and heme-donor functions during the cell's different metabolic states, here we use glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown assays, combined with 1D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to probe for interactors of apo- and holoCcp1 in extracts from 1 d fermenting and 7 d stationary-phase respiring yeast. We identified Ccp1's peroxidase cosubstrate Cyc1 and 28 novel interactors of GST-apoCcp1 and GST-holoCcp1 including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) and cytosolic Sod1, the mitochondrial transporter Pet9, the three yeast isoforms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Tdh3/2/1), heat shock proteins including Hsp90 and Hsp70, and the main peroxiredoxin in yeast (Tsa1) as well as its cosubstrate, thioreoxin (Trx1). These new interactors expand the scope of Ccp1's possible roles in stress response and in heme trafficking and suggest several new lines of investigation. Furthermore, our targeted proteomics analysis underscores the limitations of large-scale interactome studies that found only 4 of the 30 Ccp1 interactors isolated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kathiresan
- PROTEO and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6.
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Yang SL, Yu PL, Chung KR. The glutathione peroxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species resistance, fungicide sensitivity and cell wall construction in the citrus fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:923-35. [PMID: 26567914 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for pathogenicity in the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata. We report a glutathione peroxidase 3 (AaGPx3) involved in the complex signalling network that is essential for the detoxification of cellular stresses induced by ROS and for A. alternata pathogenesis in citrus. AaGPx3 deletion mutants displayed increased sensitivity to H2 O2 and many ROS-generating compounds. AaGPx3 is required for correct fungal development as the AaGPx3 mutant strains showed a severe reduction in conidiation. AaGPx3 mutants accumulated higher chitin content than the wild-type and were less sensitive to the cell wall-targeting compounds calcofluor white and Congo red, as well as the fungicides fludioxonil and vinclozolin, suggesting a role of the glutathione systems in fungal cell wall construction. Virulence assays revealed that AaGPx3 is required for full virulence. The expression of AaGPx3 was downregulated in fungal strains carrying defective NADPH oxidase (Nox) or the oxidative stress responsive regulators YAP1 and HOG1, all implicated in ROS resistance. These results further support the important role of ROS detoxification during A. alternata pathogenesis in citrus. Overall, our study provides genetic evidence to define the central role of AaGPx3 in the biological and pathological functions of A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwy Ling Yang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Pei-Ling Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ren Chung
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Thompson OA, Hawkins GM, Gorsich SW, Doran-Peterson J. Phenotypic characterization and comparative transcriptomics of evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved tolerance to lignocellulosic derived inhibitors. Biotechnol Biofuels 2016; 9:200. [PMID: 27679668 PMCID: PMC5029107 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass continues to be investigated as a viable source for bioethanol production. However, the pretreatment process generates inhibitory compounds that impair the growth and fermentation performance of microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pinewood specifically has been shown to be challenging in obtaining industrially relevant ethanol titers. An industrial S. cerevisiae strain was subjected to directed evolution and adaptation in pretreated pine biomass and resultant strains, GHP1 and GHP4, exhibited improved growth and fermentative ability on pretreated pine in the presence of related inhibitory compounds. A comparative transcriptomic approach was applied to identify and characterize differences in phenotypic stability of evolved strains. RESULTS Evolved strains displayed different fermentative capabilities with pretreated pine that appear to be influenced by the addition or absence of 13 inhibitory compounds during pre-culturing. GHP4 performance was consistent independent of culturing conditions, while GHP1 performance was dependent on culturing with inhibitors. Comparative transcriptomics revealed 52 genes potentially associated with stress responses to multiple inhibitors simultaneously. Fluorescence microscopy revealed improved cellular integrity of both strains with mitochondria exhibiting resistance to the damaging effects of inhibitors in contrast to the parent. CONCLUSIONS Multiple potentially novel genetic targets have been discovered for understanding stress tolerance through the characterization of our evolved strains. This study specifically examines the synergistic effects of multiple inhibitors and identified targets will guide future studies in remediating effects of inhibitors and further development of robust yeast strains for multiple industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary M. Hawkins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Steven W. Gorsich
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
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Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a very large and highly conserved family of thiol-based peroxidases that has been discovered only very recently. We consider here these enzymes through the angle of their discovery, and of some features of their molecular and physiological functions, focusing on complex phenotypes of the gene mutations of the 2-Cys Prxs subtype in yeast. As scavengers of the low levels of H2O2 and as H2O2 receptors and transducers, 2-Cys Prxs have been highly instrumental to understand the biological impact of H2O2, and in particular its signaling function. 2-Cys Prxs can also become potent chaperone holdases, and unveiling the in vivo relevance of this function, which is still not established, should further increase our knowledge of the biological impact and toxicity of H2O2. The diverse molecular functions of 2-Cys Prx explain the often-hard task of relating them to peroxiredoxin genes phenotypes, which underscores the pleiotropic physiological role of these enzymes and complex biologic impact of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel B. Toledano
- CEA, DSV, IBITECS, SBIGEM, Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancer (LSOC), CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
| | - Bo Huang
- CEA, DSV, IBITECS, SBIGEM, Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancer (LSOC), CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
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Costa-moreira LM, Porto BAA, Haddad-ribeiro F, Martins FS, Menezes MABC, Rosa CA, Neves MJ. Membrane damage by lipid peroxidation retains the cadmium constraint and is not the primary cause of K+ extrusion in yeast. ANN MICROBIOL 2016; 66:973-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lee EM, Lee SS, Tripathi BN, Jung HS, Cao GP, Lee Y, Singh S, Hong SH, Lee KW, Lee SY, Cho JY, Chung BY. Site-directed mutagenesis substituting cysteine for serine in 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx A) of Arabidopsis thaliana effectively improves its peroxidase and chaperone functions. Ann Bot 2015; 116:713-25. [PMID: 26141131 PMCID: PMC4577999 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) A protein of Arabidopsis thaliana performs the dual functions of a peroxidase and a molecular chaperone depending on its conformation and the metabolic conditions. However, the precise mechanism responsible for the functional switching of 2-Cys Prx A is poorly known. This study examines various serine-to-cysteine substitutions on α-helix regions of 2-Cys Prx A in Arabidopsis mutants and the effects they have on the dual function of the protein. METHODS Various mutants of 2-Cys Prx A were generated by replacing serine (Ser) with cysteine (Cys) at different locations by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutants were then over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was further analysed by size exclusion chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis. Peroxidase activity, molecular chaperone activity and hydrophobicity of the proteins were also determined. Molecular modelling analysis was performed in order to demonstrate the relationship between mutation positions and switching of 2-Cys Prx A activity. KEY RESULTS Replacement of Ser(150) with Cys(150) led to a marked increase in holdase chaperone and peroxidase activities of 2-Cys Prx A, which was associated with a change in the structure of an important domain of the protein. Molecular modelling demonstrated the relationship between mutation positions and the switching of 2-Cys Prx A activity. Examination of the α2 helix, dimer-dimer interface and C-term loop indicated that the peroxidase function is associated with a fully folded α2 helix and easy formation of a stable reduced decamer, while a more flexible C-term loop makes the chaperone function less likely. CONCLUSIONS Substitution of Cys for Ser at amino acid location 150 of the α-helix of 2-Cys Prx A regulates/enhances the dual enzymatic functions of the 2-Cys Prx A protein. If confirmed in planta, this leads to the potential for it to be used to maximize the functional utility of 2-Cys Prx A protein for improved metabolic functions and stress resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Ping Cao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Yuno Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Jae-Young Cho
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea,
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Cha MK, Bae YJ, Kim KJ, Park BJ, Kim IH. Characterization of two alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C homologs alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C_H1 and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C_H2 in Bacillus subtilis. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:249-64. [PMID: 26322180 PMCID: PMC4549766 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC) homologs in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and to characterize their structural and biochemical properties. AhpC is responsible for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in bacteria. METHODS Two AhpC homologs (AhpC_H1 and AhpC_H2) were identified by searching the B. subtilis database; these were then cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. AhpC mutants carrying substitutions of catalytically important Cys residues (C37S, C47S, C166S, C37/47S, C37/166S, C47/166S, and C37/47/166S for AhpC_H1; C52S, C169S, and C52/169S for AhpC_H2) were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and purified, and their structure-function relationship was analyzed. The B. subtilis ahpC genes were disrupted by the short flanking homology method, and the phenotypes of the resulting AhpC-deficient bacteria were examined. RESULTS Comparative characterization of AhpC homologs indicates that AhpC_H1 contains an extra C37, which forms a disulfide bond with the peroxidatic C47, and behaves like an atypical 2-Cys AhpC, while AhpC_H2 functions like a typical 2-Cys AhpC. Tryptic digestion analysis demonstrated the presence of intramolecular Cys37-Cys47 linkage, which could be reduced by thioredoxin, resulting in the association of the dimer into higher-molecular-mass complexes. Peroxidase activity analysis of Cys→Ser mutants indicated that three Cys residues were involved in the catalysis. AhpC_H1 was resistant to inactivation by peroxide substrates, but had lower activity at physiological H2O2 concentrations compared to AhpC_H2, suggesting that in B. subtilis, the enzymes may be physiologically functional at different substrate concentrations. The exposure to organic peroxides induced AhpC_H1 expression, while AhpC_H1-deficient mutants exhibited growth retardation in the stationary phase, suggesting the role of AhpC_H1 as an antioxidant scavenger of lipid hydroperoxides and a stress-response factor in B. subtilis. CONCLUSION AhpC_H1, a novel atypical 2-Cys AhpC, is functionally distinct from AhpC_H2, a typical 2-Cys AhpC.
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Kaya A, Gerashchenko MV, Seim I, Labarre J, Toledano MB, Gladyshev VN. Adaptive aneuploidy protects against thiol peroxidase deficiency by increasing respiration via key mitochondrial proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10685-90. [PMID: 26261310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505315112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic respiration is a fundamental energy-generating process; however, there is cost associated with living in an oxygen-rich environment, because partially reduced oxygen species can damage cellular components. Organisms evolved enzymes that alleviate this damage and protect the intracellular milieu, most notably thiol peroxidases, which are abundant and conserved enzymes that mediate hydrogen peroxide signaling and act as the first line of defense against oxidants in nearly all living organisms. Deletion of all eight thiol peroxidase genes in yeast (∆8 strain) is not lethal, but results in slow growth and a high mutation rate. Here we characterized mechanisms that allow yeast cells to survive under conditions of thiol peroxidase deficiency. Two independent ∆8 strains increased mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial distribution, and became dependent on respiration for growth but they were not hypersensitive to H2O2. In addition, both strains independently acquired a second copy of chromosome XI and increased expression of genes encoded by it. Survival of ∆8 cells was dependent on mitochondrial cytochrome-c peroxidase (CCP1) and UTH1, present on chromosome XI. Coexpression of these genes in ∆8 cells led to the elimination of the extra copy of chromosome XI and improved cell growth, whereas deletion of either gene was lethal. Thus, thiol peroxidase deficiency requires dosage compensation of CCP1 and UTH1 via chromosome XI aneuploidy, wherein these proteins support hydroperoxide removal with the reducing equivalents generated by the electron transport chain. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of adaptive aneuploidy counteracting oxidative stress.
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Porto BA, Mangiapane E, Pessione A, Neves MJ, Pessione E, Martins FS. Evaluation of sodium selenite effects on the potential probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905: A physiological and proteomic analysis. J Funct Foods 2015; 17:828-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Breitenbach M, Weber M, Rinnerthaler M, Karl T, Breitenbach-Koller L. Oxidative stress in fungi: its function in signal transduction, interaction with plant hosts, and lignocellulose degradation. Biomolecules 2015; 5:318-42. [PMID: 25854186 PMCID: PMC4496675 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we want to present an overview of oxidative stress in fungal cells in relation to signal transduction, interaction of fungi with plant hosts, and lignocellulose degradation. We will discuss external oxidative stress which may occur through the interaction with other microorganisms or plant hosts as well as internally generated oxidative stress, which can for instance originate from NADPH oxidases or “leaky” mitochondria and may be modulated by the peroxiredoxin system or by protein disulfide isomerases thus contributing to redox signaling. Analyzing redox signaling in fungi with the tools of molecular genetics is presently only in its beginning. However, it is already clear that redox signaling in fungal cells often is linked to cell differentiation (like the formation of perithecia), virulence (in plant pathogens), hyphal growth and the successful passage through the stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Breitenbach
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Manuela Weber
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Thomas Karl
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Lore Breitenbach-Koller
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
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Chen YH, Yeh TF, Chu FH, Hsu FL, Chang ST. Proteomics investigation reveals cell death-associated proteins of basidiomycete fungus Trametes versicolor treated with Ferruginol. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:85-91. [PMID: 25485628 DOI: 10.1021/jf504717x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferruginol has antifungal activity against wood-rot fungi (basidiomycetes). However, specific research on the antifungal mechanisms of ferruginol is scarce. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorescent image analysis were employed to evaluate the differential protein expression of wood-rot fungus Trametes versicolor treated with or without ferruginol. Results from protein identification of tryptic peptides via liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS) analyses revealed 17 protein assignments with differential expression. Downregulation of cytoskeleton β-tubulin 3 indicates that ferruginol has potential to be used as a microtubule-disrupting agent. Downregulation of major facilitator superfamily (MFS)–multiple drug resistance (MDR) transporter and peroxiredoxin TSA1 were observed, suggesting reduction in self-defensive capabilities of T. versicolor. In addition, the proteins involved in polypeptide sorting and DNA repair were also downregulated, while heat shock proteins and autophagy-related protein 7 were upregulated. These observations reveal that such cellular dysfunction and damage caused by ferruginol lead to growth inhibition and autophagic cell death of fungi.
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Abstract
Toxic chemicals often induce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although one of the most abundant ROS-sensitive proteins is in the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family, the function of Prx proteins is poorly understood because they are inactivated under high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Like mammalian cells, the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses multiple Prx proteins. Among the five Prx family proteins, Tsa1 and Ahp1 have the highest and second-highest expression levels, respectively. Here, we focused on a previously uncharacterized phenotype resulting from Tsa1 loss: impaired growth during the late exponential phase. We overexpressed catalase (CTT1) and Ahp1 in cells with disruptions in TSA1 and its homologue, TSA2 (tsa1/2Δ cells), and we found that neither Ctt1 nor Ahp1 overexpression suppressed the impaired cell growth at the stationary phase, although the ROS levels were successfully suppressed. Furthermore, the cell cycle profile was not altered by Tsa1/2 loss, at least in the late exponential phase; however, the glucose consumption rate slowed in the late exponential phase. Our results suggest that ROS levels are not responsible for the growth phenotype. Tsa1 might have a specific function that could not be replaced by Ahp1.
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50
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Ragu S, Dardalhon M, Sharma S, Iraqui I, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Grondin V, Kienda G, Vernis L, Chanet R, Kolodner RD, Huang ME, Faye G. Loss of the thioredoxin reductase Trr1 suppresses the genomic instability of peroxiredoxin tsa1 mutants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108123. [PMID: 25247923 PMCID: PMC4172583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of Tsa1, a key peroxiredoxin that scavenges H2O2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, causes the accumulation of a broad spectrum of mutations. Deletion of TSA1 also causes synthetic lethality in combination with mutations in RAD51 or several key genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair. In the present study, we propose that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the primary cause of genome instability of tsa1Δ cells. In searching for spontaneous suppressors of synthetic lethality of tsa1Δ rad51Δ double mutants, we identified that the loss of thioredoxin reductase Trr1 rescues their viability. The trr1Δ mutant displayed a Can(R) mutation rate 5-fold lower than wild-type cells. Additional deletion of TRR1 in tsa1Δ mutant reduced substantially the Can(R) mutation rate of tsa1Δ strain (33-fold), and to a lesser extent, of rad51Δ strain (4-fold). Loss of Trr1 induced Yap1 nuclear accumulation and over-expression of a set of Yap1-regulated oxido-reductases with antioxidant properties that ultimately re-equilibrate intracellular redox environment, reducing substantially ROS-associated DNA damages. This trr1Δ -induced effect was largely thioredoxin-dependent, probably mediated by oxidized forms of thioredoxins, the primary substrates of Trr1. Thioredoxin Trx1 and Trx2 were constitutively and strongly oxidized in the absence of Trr1. In trx1Δ trx2Δ cells, Yap1 was only moderately activated; consistently, the trx1Δ trx2Δ double deletion failed to efficiently rescue the viability of tsa1Δ rad51Δ. Finally, we showed that modulation of the dNTP pool size also influences the formation of spontaneous mutation in trr1Δ and trx1Δ trx2Δ strains. We present a tentative model that helps to estimate the respective impact of ROS level and dNTP concentration in the generation of spontaneous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ragu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Michèle Dardalhon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ismail Iraqui
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Virginie Grondin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Guy Kienda
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Vernis
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Roland Chanet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Richard D. Kolodner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Gérard Faye
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
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