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Li C, Zhao M, Liu X, Li Y, Xu B, Zhou L, Sun X, Sun W, Kang N, Ji Z, Li T, An H, Wang F, Wu C, Ye JY, Zhang JR, Wang Q, Zhao X, Li Z, Liu W. Ion channel TRPV2 is critical in enhancing B cell activation and function. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221042. [PMID: 38353705 PMCID: PMC10866685 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) cation channels governing B cell activation remains to be explored. We present evidence that TRPV2 is highly expressed in B cells and plays a crucial role in the formation of the B cell immunological synapse and B cell activation. Physiologically, TRPV2 expression level is positively correlated to influenza-specific antibody production and is low in newborns and seniors. Pathologically, a positive correlation is established between TRPV2 expression and the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adult and child SLE patients. Correspondingly, mice with deficient TRPV2 in B cells display impaired antibody responses following immunization. Mechanistically, the pore and N-terminal domains of TRPV2 are crucial for gating cation permeation and executing mechanosensation in B cells upon antigen stimulation. These processes synergistically contribute to membrane potential depolarization and cytoskeleton remodeling within the B cell immunological synapse, fostering efficient B cell activation. Thus, TRPV2 is critical in augmenting B cell activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bihua Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran An
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing-Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Ren Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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Baron J, Groschner K, Tiapko O. Calcium transport and sensing in TRPC channels - New insights into a complex feedback regulation. Cell Calcium 2023; 116:102816. [PMID: 37897981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Canonical TRP (TRPC) channels are a still enigmatic family of signaling molecules with multimodal sensing features. These channels enable Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane to control a diverse range of cellular functions. Based on both regulatory- and recently uncovered structural features, TRPC channels are considered to coordinate Ca2+ and other divalent cations not only within the permeation path but also at additional sensory sites. Analysis of TRPC structures by cryo-EM identified multiple regulatory ion binding pockets. With this review, we aim at an overview and a critical discussion of the current concepts of divalent sensing by TRPC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Baron
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/H03, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/H03, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oleksandra Tiapko
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/H03, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Rohacs T, Fluck EC, De Jesús-Pérez JJ, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. What structures did, and did not, reveal about the function of the epithelial Ca 2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102620. [PMID: 35834842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 5 and 6 (TRPV5 and TRPV6) are Ca2+ selective epithelial ion channels. They are the products of a relatively recent gene duplication in mammals, and have high sequence homology to each other. Their functional properties are also much more similar to each other than to other members of the TRPV subfamily. They are both constitutively active, and this activity depends on the endogenous cofactor phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Both channels undergo Ca2+-induced inactivation, which is mediated by direct binding of the ubiquitous Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin (CaM) to the channels, and by a decrease in PI(4,5)P2 levels by Ca2+ -induced activation of phospholipase C (PLC). Recent cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography structures provided detailed structural information for both TRPV5 and TRPV6. This review will discuss this structural information in the context of the function of these channels focusing on the mechanism of CaM inhibition, activation by PI(4,5)P2 and binding of pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
| | - Edwin C Fluck
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - José J De Jesús-Pérez
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Zhang N, Pan H, Liang X, Xie J, Han W. The roles of transmembrane family proteins in the regulation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:118. [PMID: 35119538 PMCID: PMC11071953 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major pathway for calcium signaling, which regulates almost every biological process, involving cell proliferation, differentiation, movement and death. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator (ORAI) are the two major proteins involved in SOCE. With the deepening of studies, more and more proteins are found to be able to regulate SOCE, among which the transmembrane (TMEM) family proteins are worth paying more attention. In addition, the ORAI proteins belong to the TMEM family themselves. As the name suggests, TMEM family is a type of proteins that spans biological membranes including plasma membrane and membrane of organelles. TMEM proteins are in a large family with more than 300 proteins that have been already identified, while the functional knowledge about the proteins is preliminary. In this review, we mainly summarized the TMEM proteins that are involved in SOCE, to better describe a picture of the interaction between STIM and ORAI proteins during SOCE and its downstream signaling pathways, as well as to provide an idea for the study of the TMEM family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxia Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Nett V, Erhardt N, Wyatt A, Wissenbach U. Human TRPV6-pathies caused by gene mutations. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129873. [PMID: 33610740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The TRP-family of ion channels consists of 27 members in humans. Most TRP channels are non- selective cation channels with the exception of TRPV5 and TRPV6 which exhibit a high permeability for Ca2+ ions. A functional channel is formed by 4 identical subunits [1]. A growing number of mutations are present in human TRPV6 genes which alter channel function and can lead to elevated blood levels of the parathyroid hormone accompanied by transient hyperparathyroidism. Recent publications suggest that TRPV6 mutations could also trigger non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. This review summarises the consequences of these mutations within the TRPV6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Nett
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Erhardt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Wissenbach
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Masamune A, Kotani H, Sörgel FL, Chen JM, Hamada S, Sakaguchi R, Masson E, Nakano E, Kakuta Y, Niihori T, Funayama R, Shirota M, Hirano T, Kawamoto T, Hosokoshi A, Kume K, Unger L, Ewers M, Laumen H, Bugert P, Mori MX, Tsvilovskyy V, Weißgerber P, Kriebs U, Fecher-Trost C, Freichel M, Diakopoulos KN, Berninger A, Lesina M, Ishii K, Itoi T, Ikeura T, Okazaki K, Kaune T, Rosendahl J, Nagasaki M, Uezono Y, Algül H, Nakayama K, Matsubara Y, Aoki Y, Férec C, Mori Y, Witt H, Shimosegawa T. Variants That Affect Function of Calcium Channel TRPV6 Are Associated With Early-Onset Chronic Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1626-1641.e8. [PMID: 31930989 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Changes in pancreatic calcium levels affect secretion and might be involved in development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). We investigated the association of CP with the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 gene (TRPV6), which encodes a Ca2+-selective ion channel, in an international cohort of patients and in mice. METHODS We performed whole-exome DNA sequencing from a patient with idiopathic CP and from his parents, who did not have CP. We validated our findings by sequencing DNA from 300 patients with CP (not associated with alcohol consumption) and 1070 persons from the general population in Japan (control individuals). In replication studies, we sequenced DNA from patients with early-onset CP (20 years or younger) not associated with alcohol consumption from France (n = 470) and Germany (n = 410). We expressed TRPV6 variants in HEK293 cells and measured their activity using Ca2+ imaging assays. CP was induced by repeated injections of cerulein in TRPV6mut/mut mice. RESULTS We identified the variants c.629C>T (p.A210V) and c.970G>A (p.D324N) in TRPV6 in the index patient. Variants that affected function of the TRPV6 product were found in 13 of 300 patients (4.3%) and 1 of 1070 control individuals (0.1%) from Japan (odds ratio [OR], 48.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3-371.7; P = 2.4 × 10-8). Twelve of 124 patients (9.7%) with early-onset CP had such variants. In the replication set from Europe, 18 patients with CP (2.0%) carried variants that affected the function of the TRPV6 product compared with 0 control individuals (P = 6.2 × 10-8). Variants that did not affect the function of the TRPV6 product (p.I223T and p.D324N) were overrepresented in Japanese patients vs control individuals (OR, 10.9; 95% CI, 4.5-25.9; P = 7.4 × 10-9 for p.I223T and P = .01 for p.D324N), whereas the p.L299Q was overrepresented in European patients vs control individuals (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.9-4.8; P = 1.2 × 10-5). TRPV6mut/mut mice given cerulein developed more severe pancreatitis than control mice, as shown by increased levels of pancreatic enzymes, histologic alterations, and pancreatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with early-onset CP not associated with alcohol consumption carry variants in TRPV6 that affect the function of its product, perhaps by altering Ca2+ balance in pancreatic cells. TRPV6 regulates Ca2+ homeostasis and pancreatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kotani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Franziska Lena Sörgel
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Masson
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France; CHU Brest, Service de Génétique, Brest, France
| | - Eriko Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hirano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuki Hosokoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kume
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lara Unger
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Maren Ewers
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Helmut Laumen
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Masayuki X Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Weißgerber
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kriebs
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kalliope N Diakopoulos
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Berninger
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tom Kaune
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Cancer Pathophysiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hana Algül
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claude Férec
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France; CHU Brest, Service de Génétique, Brest, France
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Heiko Witt
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Yelshanskaya MV, Nadezhdin KD, Kurnikova MG, Sobolevsky AI. Structure and function of the calcium-selective TRP channel TRPV6. J Physiol 2020; 599:2673-2697. [PMID: 32073143 DOI: 10.1113/jp279024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 is a member of the vanilloid subfamily of TRP channels that is permeable to cations and highly selective to Ca2+ ; it shows constitutive activity regulated negatively by Ca2+ and positively by phosphoinositol and cholesterol lipids. In this review, we describe the molecular structure of TRPV6 and discuss how its structural elements define its unique functional properties. High Ca2+ selectivity of TRPV6 originates from the narrow selectivity filter, where Ca2+ ions are directly coordinated by a ring of anionic aspartate side chains. Divalent cations Ca2+ and Ba2+ permeate TRPV6 pore according to the knock-off mechanism, while tight binding of Gd3+ to the aspartate ring blocks the channel and prevents Na+ from permeating the pore. The iris-like channel opening is accompanied by an α-to-π helical transition in the pore-lining transmembrane helix S6. As a result of this transition, the intracellular halves of the S6 helices bend and rotate by about 100 deg, exposing different residues to the channel pore in the open and closed states. Channel opening is also associated with changes in occupancy of the transmembrane domain lipid binding sites. The inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) binds to TRPV6 in a pocket formed by the cytoplasmic half of the S1-S4 transmembrane helical bundle and shifts open-closed channel equilibrium towards the closed state by outcompeting lipids critical for activation. Ca2+ inhibits TRPV6 via binding to calmodulin (CaM), which mediates Ca2+ -dependent inactivation. The TRPV6-CaM complex exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry; one TRPV6 tetramer binds both CaM lobes, which adopt a distinct head-to-tail arrangement. The CaM C-terminal lobe plugs the channel through a unique cation-π interaction by inserting the side chain of lysine K115 into a tetra-tryptophan cage at the ion channel pore intracellular entrance. Recent studies of TRPV6 structure and function described in this review advance our understanding of the role of this channel in physiology and pathophysiology and inform new therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria G Kurnikova
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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8
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Bhuvaneshwari S, Sankaranarayanan K. Structural and Mechanistic Insights of CRAC Channel as a Drug Target in Autoimmune Disorder. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 21:55-75. [PMID: 31556856 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190926150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca2+) ion is a major intracellular signaling messenger, controlling a diverse array of cellular functions like gene expression, secretion, cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. The major mechanism controlling this Ca2+ homeostasis is store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. CRAC channels are integral membrane protein majorly constituted via two proteins, the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and ORAI. Following Ca2+ depletion in the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store, STIM1 interacts with ORAI1 and leads to the opening of the CRAC channel gate and consequently allows the influx of Ca2+ ions. A plethora of studies report that aberrant CRAC channel activity due to Loss- or gain-of-function mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 disturbs this Ca2+ homeostasis and causes several autoimmune disorders. Hence, it clearly indicates that the therapeutic target of CRAC channels provides the space for a new approach to treat autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide the key structural and mechanical insights of STIM1, ORAI1 and other molecular modulators involved in CRAC channel regulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Understanding the structure and function of the protein is the foremost step towards improving the effective target specificity by limiting their potential side effects. Herein, the review mainly focusses on the structural underpinnings of the CRAC channel gating mechanism along with its biophysical properties that would provide the solid foundation to aid the development of novel targeted drugs for an autoimmune disorder. Finally, the immune deficiencies caused due to mutations in CRAC channel and currently used pharmacological blockers with their limitation are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Bhuvaneshwari
- Ion Channel Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai -600 044, India
| | - Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
- Ion Channel Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai -600 044, India
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9
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Heathcote HR, Lee MD, Zhang X, Saunter CD, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Endothelial TRPV4 channels modulate vascular tone by Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release at inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3297-3317. [PMID: 31177523 PMCID: PMC6692577 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The TRPV4 ion channels are Ca2+ permeable, non-selective cation channels that mediate large, but highly localized, Ca2+ signals in the endothelium. The mechanisms that permit highly localized Ca2+ changes to evoke cell-wide activity are incompletely understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ influx activates Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores to generate widespread effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ca2+ signals in large numbers (~100) of endothelial cells in intact arteries were imaged and analysed separately. KEY RESULTS Responses to the TRPV4 channel agonist GSK1016790A were heterogeneous across the endothelium. In activated cells, Ca2+ responses comprised localized Ca2+ changes leading to slow, persistent, global increases in Ca2+ followed by large propagating Ca2+ waves that moved within and between cells. To examine the mechanisms underlying each component, we developed methods to separate slow persistent Ca2+ rise from the propagating Ca2+ waves in each cell. TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ entry was required for the slow persistent global rise and propagating Ca2+ signals. The propagating waves were inhibited by depleting internal Ca2+ stores, inhibiting PLC or blocking IP3 receptors. Ca2+ release from stores was tightly controlled by TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ influx and ceased when influx was terminated. Furthermore, Ca2+ release from internal stores was essential for TRPV4-mediated control of vascular tone. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 channels is amplified by Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release acting at IP3 receptors to generate propagating Ca2+ waves and provide a large-scale endothelial communication system. TRPV4-mediated control of vascular tone requires Ca2+ release from the internal store.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Heathcote
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher D Saunter
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Vanoye CG, Sakakura M, Follis RM, Trevisan AJ, Narayan M, Li J, Sanders CR, Carter BD. Peripheral myelin protein 22 modulates store-operated calcium channel activity, providing insights into Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease etiology. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12054-12065. [PMID: 31213528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a peripheral neuropathy associated with gene duplication and point mutations in the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. However, the role of PMP22 in Schwann cell physiology and the mechanisms by which PMP22 mutations cause CMT are not well-understood. On the basis of homology between PMP22 and proteins associated with modulation of ion channels, we hypothesized that PMP22 alters ion channel activity. Using whole-cell electrophysiology, we show here that heterologous PMP22 expression increases the amplitude of currents similar to those ascribed to store-operated calcium (SOC) channels, particularly those involving transient receptor canonical channel 1 (TrpC1). These channels help replenish Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) following stimulus-induced depletion. Currents with similar properties were recorded in WT but not pmp22 -/- mouse Schwann cells. Heterologous expression of the CMT-associated PMP22_L16P variant, which fails to reach the plasma membrane and localizes to the ER, led to larger currents than WT PMP22. Similarly, Schwann cells isolated from Trembler J (TrJ; PMP22_L16P) mice had larger currents than WT littermates. Calcium imaging in live nerves and cultured Schwann cells revealed elevated intracellular Ca2+ in TrJ mice compared with WT. Moreover, we found that PMP22 co-immunoprecipitated with stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), the Ca2+ sensor SOC channel subunit in the ER. These results suggest that in the ER, PMP22 interacts with STIM1 and increases Ca2+ influx through SOC channels. Excess or mutant PMP22 in the ER may elevate intracellular Ca2+ levels, which could contribute to CMT pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Center for Human Genetics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
| | - Masayoshi Sakakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 7232; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Rose M Follis
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 7232; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Malathi Narayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 7232; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jun Li
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 7232; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Bruce D Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 7232; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
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11
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Janssens A, Silvestri C, Martella A, Vanoevelen JM, Di Marzo V, Voets T. Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabivarin impairs epithelial calcium transport through inhibition of TRPV5 and TRPV6. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:83-89. [PMID: 30170189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds extracted from the cannabis plant, including the psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and related phytocannabinoids, evoke multiple diverse biological actions as ligands of the G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. In addition, there is increasing evidence that phytocannabinoids also have non-CB targets, including several ion channels of the transient receptor potential superfamily. We investigated the effects of six non-THC phytocannabinoids on the epithelial calcium channels TRPV5 and TRPV6, and found that one of them, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), exerted a strong and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on mammalian TRPV5 and TRPV6 and on the single zebrafish orthologue drTRPV5/6. Moreover, THCV attenuated the drTRPV5/6-dependent ossification in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Oppositely, 11-hydroxy-THCV (THCV-OH), a product of THCV metabolism in mammals, stimulated drTRPV5/6-mediated Ca2+ uptake and ossification. These results identify the epithelial calcium channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 as novel targets of phytocannabinoids, and suggest that THCV-containing products may modulate TRPV5- and TRPV6-dependent epithelial calcium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Janssens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Martella
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Jo M Vanoevelen
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Section Clinical Genetics & GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Gao DY, Zhang BL, Leung MCT, Au SCL, Wong PYD, Shum WWC. Coupling of TRPV6 and TMEM16A in epithelial principal cells of the rat epididymis. J Gen Physiol 2017; 148:161-82. [PMID: 27481714 PMCID: PMC4969799 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Principal cells regulate the ionic environment of the epididymal lumen via unknown mechanisms. Gao et al. use electrophysiological and pharmacological tools to characterize rat principal cells and reveal a TRPV6-mediated calcium conductance and TMEM16A-mediated calcium-activated chloride conductance. The epididymis establishes a congenial environment for sperm maturation and protection. Its fluid is acidic, and the calcium concentration is low and declines along the length of the epididymal tubule. However, our knowledge of ionic currents and mechanisms of calcium homeostasis in rat epididymal epithelial cells remains enigmatic. In this study, to better understand calcium regulation in the epididymis, we use the patch-clamp method to record from single rat cauda epididymal principal cells. We detect a constitutively active Ca2+ current with characteristics that match the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6. Electrophysiological and pharmacological data also reveal a constitutively active calcium-activated chloride conductance (CaCC). Removal of extracellular calcium attenuates not only the TRPV6-like conductance, but also the CaCC. Lanthanide block is time dependent such that the TRPV6-like component is inhibited first, followed by the CaCC. The putative CaCC blocker niflumic acid partially inhibits whole-cell currents, whereas La3+ almost abolishes whole-cell currents in principal cells. Membrane potential measurements reveal an interplay between La3+-sensitive ion channels and those that are sensitive to the specific TMEM16A inhibitor tannic acid. In vivo perfusion of the cauda epididymal tubule shows a substantial rate of Ca2+ reabsorption from the luminal side, which is dose-dependently suppressed by ruthenium red, a putative blocker of epithelial Ca2+ channels and CaCC. Finally, we discover messenger RNA for both TRPV6 and TMEM16A in the rat epididymis and show that their proteins colocalize in the apical membrane of principal cells. Collectively, these data provide evidence for a coupling mechanism between TRPV6 and TMEM16A in principal cells that may play an important role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yuan Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bao Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Matthew C T Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Simon C L Au
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Patrick Y D Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Winnie W C Shum
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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13
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Swapping of transmembrane domains in the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10669. [PMID: 28878326 PMCID: PMC5587609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrameric ion channels have either swapped or non-swapped arrangements of the S1–S4 and pore domains. Here we show that mutations in the transmembrane domain of TRPV6 can result in conversion from a domain-swapped to non-swapped fold. These results reveal structural determinants of domain swapping and raise the possibility that a single ion channel subtype can fold into either arrangement in vivo, affecting its function in normal or disease states.
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14
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Wu X, Indzhykulian AA, Niksch PD, Webber RM, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Watnick T, Zhou J, Vollrath MA, Corey DP. Hair-Cell Mechanotransduction Persists in TRP Channel Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155577. [PMID: 27196058 PMCID: PMC4873267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the TRP superfamily of ion channels mediate mechanosensation in some organisms, and have been suggested as candidates for the mechanotransduction channel in vertebrate hair cells. Some TRP channels can be ruled out based on lack of an inner ear phenotype in knockout animals or pore properties not similar to the hair-cell channel. Such studies have excluded Trpv4, Trpa1, Trpml3, Trpm1, Trpm3, Trpc1, Trpc3, Trpc5, and Trpc6. However, others remain reasonable candidates. We used data from an RNA-seq analysis of gene expression in hair cells as well as data on TRP channel conductance to narrow the candidate group. We then characterized mice lacking functional Trpm2, Pkd2, Pkd2l1, Pkd2l2 and Pkd1l3, using scanning electron microscopy, auditory brainstem response, permeant dye accumulation, and single-cell electrophysiology. In all of these TRP-deficient mice, and in double and triple knockouts, mechanotransduction persisted. Together with published studies, these results argue against the participation of any of the 33 mouse TRP channels in hair cell transduction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Cochlea/physiology
- Ear, Inner/physiology
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology
- Hearing
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- TRPM Cation Channels/genetics
- TRPP Cation Channels/genetics
- Transient Receptor Potential Channels/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Artur A. Indzhykulian
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Niksch
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roxanna M. Webber
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miguel Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terry Watnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Zhou
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Vollrath
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David P. Corey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Stanisz H, Vultur A, Herlyn M, Roesch A, Bogeski I. The role of Orai-STIM calcium channels in melanocytes and melanoma. J Physiol 2016; 594:2825-35. [PMID: 26864956 DOI: 10.1113/jp271141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signalling within normal and cancer cells regulates many important cellular functions such as migration, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. Store operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) via the Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels, which are composed of the plasma membrane based Orai channels and the endoplasmic reticulum stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), is a major Ca(2+) entry route in many cell types. Orai and STIM have been implicated in the growth and metastasis of multiple cancers; however, while their involvement in cancer is presently indisputable, how Orai-STIM-controlled Ca(2+) signals affect malignant transformation, tumour growth and invasion is not fully understood. Here, we review recent studies linking Orai-STIM Ca(2+) channels with cancer, with a particular focus on melanoma. We highlight and examine key molecular players and the signalling pathways regulated by Orai and STIM in normal and malignant cells, we expose discrepancies, and we reflect on the potential of Orai-STIMs as anticancer drug targets. Finally, we discuss the functional implications of future discoveries in the field of Ca(2+) signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig Stanisz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Adina Vultur
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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16
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Bertin S, Raz E. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in T cells. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:309-19. [PMID: 26468011 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels is widely expressed in many cell types and plays various physiological roles. Growing evidence suggests that certain TRP channels are functionally expressed in the immune system. Indeed, an increasing number of reports have demonstrated the functional expression of several TRP channels in innate and adaptive immune cells and have highlighted their critical role in the activation and function of these cells. However, very few reviews have been entirely dedicated to this subject. Here, we will summarize the recent findings with regards to TRP channel expression in T cells and discuss their emerging role as regulators of T cell activation and functions. Moreover, these studies suggest that beyond their pharmaceutical interest in pain management, certain TRP channels may represent potential novel therapeutic targets for various immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA.
| | - Eyal Raz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
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17
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Abstract
Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are a major pathway for calcium signaling in virtually all metozoan cells and serve a wide variety of functions ranging from gene expression, motility, and secretion to tissue and organ development and the immune response. SOCs are activated by the depletion of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), triggered physiologically through stimulation of a diverse set of surface receptors. Over 15 years after the first characterization of SOCs through electrophysiology, the identification of the STIM proteins as ER Ca(2+) sensors and the Orai proteins as store-operated channels has enabled rapid progress in understanding the unique mechanism of store-operate calcium entry (SOCE). Depletion of Ca(2+) from the ER causes STIM to accumulate at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where it traps and activates Orai channels diffusing in the closely apposed PM. Mutagenesis studies combined with recent structural insights about STIM and Orai proteins are now beginning to reveal the molecular underpinnings of these choreographic events. This review describes the major experimental advances underlying our current understanding of how ER Ca(2+) depletion is coupled to the activation of SOCs. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms of STIM and Orai activation, Orai channel properties, modulation of STIM and Orai function, pharmacological inhibitors of SOCE, and the functions of STIM and Orai in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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18
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Vaeth M, Zee I, Concepcion AR, Maus M, Shaw P, Portal-Celhay C, Zahra A, Kozhaya L, Weidinger C, Philips J, Unutmaz D, Feske S. Ca2+ Signaling but Not Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry Is Required for the Function of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1202-17. [PMID: 26109647 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) through Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels is essential for immunity to infection. CRAC channels are formed by ORAI1 proteins in the plasma membrane and activated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM)1 and STIM2 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 genes that abolish SOCE cause severe immunodeficiency with recurrent infections due to impaired T cell function. SOCE has also been observed in cells of the innate immune system such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) and may provide Ca(2+) signals required for their function. The specific role of SOCE in macrophage and DC function, as well as its contribution to innate immunity, however, is not well defined. We found that nonselective inhibition of Ca(2+) signaling strongly impairs many effector functions of bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived DCs, including phagocytosis, inflammasome activation, and priming of T cells. Surprisingly, however, macrophages and DCs from mice with conditional deletion of Stim1 and Stim2 genes, and therefore complete inhibition of SOCE, showed no major functional defects. Their differentiation, FcR-dependent and -independent phagocytosis, phagolysosome fusion, cytokine production, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and their ability to present Ags to activate T cells were preserved. Our findings demonstrate that STIM1, STIM2, and SOCE are dispensable for many critical effector functions of macrophages and DCs, which has important implications for CRAC channel inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to suppress pathogenic T cells while not interfering with myeloid cell functions required for innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | - Isabelle Zee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | - Axel R Concepcion
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | - Mate Maus
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | - Patrick Shaw
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | | | - Aleena Zahra
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Lina Kozhaya
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | - Jennifer Philips
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
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19
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Nohara LL, Stanwood SR, Omilusik KD, Jefferies WA. Tweeters, Woofers and Horns: The Complex Orchestration of Calcium Currents in T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:234. [PMID: 26052328 PMCID: PMC4440397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels is a vital event that regulates T lymphocyte homeostasis, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The mechanisms that regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling in lymphocytes involve tightly controlled concinnity of multiple ion channels, membrane receptors, and signaling molecules. T cell receptor (TCR) engagement results in depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores and subsequent sustained influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. This process termed store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) involves the ER Ca2+ sensing molecule, STIM1, and a pore-forming plasma membrane protein, ORAI1. However, several other important Ca2+ channels that are instrumental in T cell function also exist. In this review, we discuss the role of additional Ca2+ channel families expressed on the plasma membrane of T cells that likely contribute to Ca2+ influx following TCR engagement, which include the TRP channels, the NMDA receptors, the P2X receptors, and the IP3 receptors, with a focus on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian L Nohara
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Shawna R Stanwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Kyla D Omilusik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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Inhibition of KCa3.1 by depolarisation and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) during Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) entry in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells: Implications for the interpretation of 2-APB inhibition of CRAC entry. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:76-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Permeation, regulation and control of expression of TRP channels by trace metal ions. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1143-64. [PMID: 25106481 PMCID: PMC4435931 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels form a diverse family of cation channels comprising 28 members in mammals. Although some TRP proteins can only be found on intracellular membranes, most of the TRP protein isoforms reach the plasma membrane where they form ion channels and control a wide number of biological processes. There, their involvement in the transport of cations such as calcium and sodium has been well documented. However, a growing number of studies have started to expand our understanding of these proteins by showing that they also transport other biologically relevant metal ions like zinc, magnesium, manganese and cobalt. In addition to this newly recognized property, the activity and expression of TRP channels can be regulated by metal ions like magnesium, gadolinium, lanthanum or cisplatin. The aim of this review is to highlight the complex relationship between metal ions and TRP channels.
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Liu W, Liu MR, Zhang H. Novel calcium ion channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 and gastrointestinal tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1966-1971. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i14.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5 (TRPV5) and TRPV6 are the subfamily members of the transient receptor potential (TRP), representing new highly selective Ca2+ membrane transport channels, which are mainly responsible for active transport of Ca2+ across the cell membrane and participate in regulation of many physiological activities in the body. This paper discusses the structures and electrophysiological properties of TRPV5 and TRPV6, their related factors and their relationship with gastrointestinal tumors, highlighting the role of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in the formation of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Abstract
TRPV5 is one of the two channels in the TRPV family that exhibit high selectivity to Ca(2+) ions. TRPV5 mediates Ca(2+) influx into cells as the first step to transport Ca(2+) across epithelia. The specialized distribution in the distal tubule of the kidney positions TRPV5 as a key player in Ca(2+) reabsorption. The responsiveness in expression and/or activity of TRPV5 to hormones such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone makes TRPV5 suitable for its role in the fine-tuning of Ca(2+) reabsorption. This role is further optimized by the modulation of TRPV5 trafficking and activity via its binding partners; co-expressed proteins; tubular factors such as calbindin-D28k, calmodulin, klotho, uromodulin, and plasmin; extracellular and intracellular factors such as proton, Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; and fluid flow. These regulations allow TRPV5 to adjust its overall activity in response to the body's demand for Ca(2+) and to prevent kidney stone formation. A point mutation in mouse Trpv5 gene leads to hypercalciuria similar to Trpv5 knockout mice, suggesting a possible role of TRPV5 in hypercalciuric disorders in humans. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms in Trpv5 gene prevalently present in African descents may contribute to the efficient renal Ca(2+) reabsorption among African descendants. TRPV5 represents a potential therapeutic target for disorders with altered Ca(2+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Na
- Cell Collection and Research Center, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Abstract
TRPV6 (former synonyms ECAC2, CaT1, CaT-like) displays several specific features which makes it unique among the members of the mammalian Trp gene family (1) TRPV6 (and its closest relative, TRPV5) are the only highly Ca(2+)-selective channels of the entire TRP superfamily (Peng et al. 1999; Wissenbach et al. 2001; Voets et al. 2004). (2) Translation of Trpv6 initiates at a non-AUG codon, at ACG, located upstream of the annotated AUG, which is not used for initiation (Fecher-Trost et al. 2013). The ACG codon is nevertheless decoded by methionine. Not only a very rare event in eukaryotic biology, the full-length TRPV6 protein existing in vivo comprises an amino terminus extended by 40 amino acid residues compared to the annotated truncated TRPV6 protein which has been used in most studies on TRPV6 channel activity so far. (In the following numbering occurs according to this full-length protein, with the numbers of the so far annotated truncated protein in brackets). (3) Only in humans a coupled polymorphism of Trpv6 exists causing three amino acid exchanges and resulting in an ancestral Trpv6 haplotype and a so-called derived Trpv6 haplotype (Wissenbach et al. 2001). The ancestral allele encodes the amino acid residues C197(157), M418(378) and M721(681) and the derived alleles R197(157), V418(378) and T721(681). The ancestral haplotype is found in all species, the derived Trpv6 haplotype has only been identified in humans, and its frequency increases with the distance to the African continent. Apparently the Trpv6 gene has been a strong target for selection in humans, and its derived variant is one of the few examples showing consistently differences to the orthologues genes of other primates (Akey et al. 2004, 2006; Stajich and Hahn 2005; Hughes et al. 2008). (4) The Trpv6 gene expression is significantly upregulated in several human malignancies including the most common cancers, prostate and breast cancer (Wissenbach et al. 2001; Zhuang et al. 2002; Fixemer et al. 2003; Bolanz et al. 2008). (5) Male mice lacking functional TRPV6 channels are hypo-/infertile making TRPV6 one of the very few channels essential for male fertility (Weissgerber et al. 2011, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Abstract
TRPV3 is a temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel. The TRPV3 protein functions as a Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel with six transmembrane domains forming a tetrameric complex. TRPV3 is known to be activated by warm temperatures, synthetic small-molecule chemicals, and natural compounds from plants. Its function is regulated by a variety of physiological factors including extracellular divalent cations and acidic pH, intracellular adenosine triphosphate, membrane voltage, and arachidonic acid. TRPV3 shows a broad expression pattern in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues including epidermal keratinocytes, epithelial cells in the gut, endothelial cells in blood vessels, and neurons in dorsal root ganglia and CNS. TRPV3 null mice exhibit abnormal hair morphogenesis and compromised skin barrier function. Recent advances suggest that TRPV3 may play critical roles in inflammatory skin disorders, itch, and pain sensation. Thus, identification of selective TRPV3 activators and inhibitors could potentially lead to beneficial pharmacological interventions in several diseases. The intent of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of the tissue expression, structure, function, and mechanisms of activation of TRPV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialie Luo
- The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University Pain Center, The Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University Pain Center, The Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
TRP channels constitute a large superfamily of cation channel forming proteins, all related to the gene product of the transient receptor potential (trp) locus in Drosophila. In mammals, 28 different TRP channel genes have been identified, which exhibit a large variety of functional properties and play diverse cellular and physiological roles. In this article, we provide a brief and systematic summary of expression, function, and (patho)physiological role of the mammalian TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Gees
- Laboratory Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Ca(2+) influx via store-operated Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels represents a main signaling pathway for T-cell activation as well as mast-cell degranulation. The ER-located Ca(2+)-sensor, STIM1 and the Ca(2+)-selective ion pore, Orai1 in the membrane are sufficient to fully reconstitute CRAC currents. Their identification, but even more the recent structural resolution of both proteins by X-ray crystallography has substantially advanced the understanding of the activation mechanism of CRAC channels. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the STIM1/Orai1 signaling pathway thereby focusing on the critical domains mediating both, intra- as well as intermolecular interactions and on the ion permeation pathway. Based on the results of functional studies as well as the recently published crystal structures, we portray a mechanistic view of the steps in the CRAC channel signaling cascade ranging from STIM1 oligomerization over STIM1-Orai1 coupling to the ultimate Orai1 channel activation and permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fahrner
- Institute of Biophysics; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Linz, Austria
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Institute of Biophysics; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Linz, Austria
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28
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Li JH, Zhao ST, Wu CY, Cao X, Peng MR, Li SJ, Liu XA, Gao TM. Store-Operated Ca2+ Channels Blockers Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide Induced Astrocyte Activation. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2216-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Zhang ZR, Chu WF, Song B, Gooz M, Zhang JN, Yu CJ, Jiang S, Baldys A, Gooz P, Steele S, Owsianik G, Nilius B, Komlosi P, Bell PD. TRPP2 and TRPV4 form an EGF-activated calcium permeable channel at the apical membrane of renal collecting duct cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73424. [PMID: 23977387 PMCID: PMC3745395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Regulation of apical calcium entry is important for the function of principal cells of the collecting duct. However, the molecular identity and the regulators of the transporter/channel, which is responsible for apical calcium entry and what factors regulate the calcium conduction remain unclear. Methods and Results We report that endogenous TRPP2 and TRPV4 assemble to form a 23-pS divalent cation-permeable non-selective ion channel at the apical membrane of renal principal cells of the collecting duct. TRPP2\TRPV4 channel complex was identified by patch-clamp, immunofluorescence and co-immunprecipitation studies in both principal cells that either possess normal cilia (cilia (+)) or in which cilia are absent (cilia (-)). This channel has distinct biophysical and pharmacological and regulatory profiles compared to either TRPP2 or TRPV4 channels. The rate of occurrence detected by patch clamp was higher in cilia (-) compared to cilia (+) cells. In addition, shRNA knockdown of TRPP2 increased the prevalence of TRPV4 channel activity while knockdown of TRPV4 resulted in TRPP2 activity and knockdown of both proteins vastly decreased the 23-pS channel activity. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated TRPP2\TRPV4 channel through the EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling. With loss of cilia, apical EGF treatment resulted in 64-fold increase in channel activity in cilia (-) but not cilia (+) cells. In addition EGF increased cell proliferation in cilia (-) cell that was dependent upon TRPP2\TRPV4 channel mediated increase in intracellular calcium. Conclusion We conclude that in the absence of cilia, an EGF activated TRPP2\TRPV4 channel may play an important role in increased cell proliferation and cystogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology of the 2 Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PDB); (ZRZ)
| | - Wen-Feng Chu
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology of the 2 Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Binlin Song
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology of the 2 Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology of the 2 Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yu
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology of the 2 Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology of the 2 Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Aleksander Baldys
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pal Gooz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stacy Steele
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Grzegorz Owsianik
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Komlosi
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - P. Darwin Bell
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PDB); (ZRZ)
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Omilusik KD, Nohara LL, Stanwood S, Jefferies WA. Weft, warp, and weave: the intricate tapestry of calcium channels regulating T lymphocyte function. Front Immunol 2013; 4:164. [PMID: 23805141 PMCID: PMC3690356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a universal second messenger important for T lymphocyte homeostasis, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The events surrounding Ca(2+) mobilization in lymphocytes are tightly regulated and involve the coordination of diverse ion channels, membrane receptors, and signaling molecules. A mechanism termed store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), causes depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores following T cell receptor (TCR) engagement and triggers a sustained influx of extracellular Ca(2+) through Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. The ER Ca(2+) sensing molecule, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and a pore-forming plasma membrane protein, ORAI1, have been identified as important mediators of SOCE. Here, we review the role of several additional families of Ca(2+) channels expressed on the plasma membrane of T cells that likely contribute to Ca(2+) influx following TCR engagement, particularly highlighting an important role for voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (CaV) in T lymphocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla D Omilusik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; The Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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31
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Fecher-Trost C, Wissenbach U, Beck A, Schalkowsky P, Stoerger C, Doerr J, Dembek A, Simon-Thomas M, Weber A, Wollenberg P, Ruppert T, Middendorff R, Maurer HH, Flockerzi V. The in vivo TRPV6 protein starts at a non-AUG triplet, decoded as methionine, upstream of canonical initiation at AUG. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16629-16644. [PMID: 23612980 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.469726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV6 channels function as epithelial Ca(2+) entry pathways in the epididymis, prostate, and placenta. However, the identity of the endogenous TRPV6 protein relies on predicted gene coding regions and is only known to a certain level of approximation. We show that in vivo the TRPV6 protein has an extended N terminus. Translation initiates at a non-AUG codon, at ACG, which is decoded by methionine and which is upstream of the annotated AUG, which is not used for initiation. The in vitro properties of channels formed by the extended full-length TRPV6 proteins and the so-far annotated and smaller TRPV6 are similar, but the extended N terminus increases trafficking to the plasma membrane and represents an additional scaffold for channel assembly. The increased translation of the smaller TRPV6 cDNA version may overestimate the in vivo situation where translation efficiency may represent an additional mechanism to tightly control the TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) entry to prevent deleterious Ca(2+) overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Wissenbach
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Beck
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schalkowsky
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christof Stoerger
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Janka Doerr
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna Dembek
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Simon-Thomas
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Armin Weber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Peter Wollenberg
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Justus Liebig Universität Gieβen, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans H Maurer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Derler I, Fritsch R, Schindl R, Romanin C. CRAC inhibitors: identification and potential. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:787-800. [PMID: 23496221 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.7.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels, a subfamily of store-operated channels, play an essential role in various diseases such as immune disorders and allergic responses. OBJECTIVE The successful treatment of these diseases requires the identification of specific inhibitors. So far, a variety of chemical compounds blocking CRAC have been identified; however, they have all turned out to be less specific. Recently two proteins, STIM1 and ORAI1, have been identified as the essential components that fully reconstitute CRAC currents with a similar biophysical fingerprint. METHOD These two proteins and their activation process represent direct targets for the application of specific CRAC inhibitors. RESULTS/CONCLUSION For drug development, fluorescence microscopy adaptable for high-throughput screening will provide a powerful assay to mechanistically identify potential CRAC inhibitors that act on various stages within the STIM1/ORAI1 activation pathway visualized by fluorescent-tagged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Derler
- University of Linz, Institute of Biophysics, A-4040 Linz, Austria +43 732 2468 9272 ; +43 732 2468 9280 ; ;
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Derler I, Schindl R, Fritsch R, Heftberger P, Riedl MC, Begg M, House D, Romanin C. The action of selective CRAC channel blockers is affected by the Orai pore geometry. Cell Calcium 2012; 53:139-51. [PMID: 23218667 PMCID: PMC3580291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As the molecular composition of calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels has been unknown for two decades, elucidation of selective inhibitors has been considerably hampered. By the identification of the two key components of CRAC channels, STIM1 and Orai1 have emerged as promising targets for CRAC blockers. The aim of this study was to thoroughly characterize the effects of two selective CRAC channel blockers on currents derived from STIM1/Orai heterologoulsy expressed in HEK293 cells. The novel compounds GSK-7975A and GSK-5503A were tested for effects on STIM1 mediated Orai1 or Orai3 currents by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and for the effects on STIM1 oligomerisation or STIM1/Orai coupling by FRET microscopy. To investigate their site of action, inhibitory effects of these molecules were explored using Orai pore mutants. The GSK blockers inhibited Orai1 and Orai3 currents with an IC50 of approximately 4 μM and exhibited a substantially slower rate of onset than the typical pore blocker La3+, together with almost no current recovery upon wash-out over 4 min. For the less Ca2+-selective Orai1 E106D pore mutant, ICRAC inhibition was significantly reduced. FRET experiments indicated that neither STIM1–STIM1 oligomerization nor STIM1–Orai1 coupling was affected by these compounds. These CRAC channel blockers are acting downstream of STIM1 oligomerization and STIM1/Orai1 interaction, potentially via an allosteric effect on the selectivity filter of Orai. The elucidation of these CRAC current blockers represents a significant step toward the identification of CRAC channel-selective drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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34
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Kovacs G, Montalbetti N, Simonin A, Danko T, Balazs B, Zsembery A, Hediger MA. Inhibition of the human epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). Cell Calcium 2012; 52:468-80. [PMID: 23040501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TRPV6, a highly calcium-selective member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily, is a major pathway for calcium absorption in the fetal and adult body. It is expressed abundantly in the duodenum, the placenta and exocrine tissues. TRVP6 was postulated to contribute to store-operated calcium channel (SOC) activity in certain cell types such as exocrine cells. In this study, we tested 2-APB, a widely used SOC inhibitor on human TRPV6 (hTRPV6) activity using fluorescence imaging, patch clamp and radioactive tracer techniques in transiently and stably transfected HEK293 cells. We found that the basal calcium and cadmium influx was higher in HEK293 cells transfected with hTRPV6 than in non-transfected cells. 2-APB inhibited hTRPV6 activity in both transient and stably transfected cells. This effect was slightly sensitive toward extracellular calcium. The extracellular sodium concentration did not affect the inhibition of hTRPV6 by 2-APB. However, N-methyl-d-glucamine significantly diminished the inhibitory effect of 2-APB presumably through direct interaction with this compound. Furthermore, 2-APB inhibited the activity of TRPV6 orthologs but not human TRPV5. 2-APB may serve as a parental compound for the development of therapeutic strategies specifically targeting the hTRPV6 calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kovacs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Schindl R, Fritsch R, Jardin I, Frischauf I, Kahr H, Muik M, Riedl MC, Groschner K, Romanin C. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 1 acts as a negative regulator for vanilloid TRPV6-mediated Ca2+ influx. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35612-35620. [PMID: 22932896 PMCID: PMC3471760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP proteins mostly assemble to homomeric channels but can also heteromerize, preferentially within their subfamilies. The TRPC1 protein is the most versatile member and forms various TRPC channel combinations but also unique channels with the distantly related TRPP2 and TRPV4. We show here a novel cross-family interaction between TRPC1 and TRPV6, a Ca2+ selective member of the vanilloid TRP subfamily. TRPV6 exhibited substantial co-localization and in vivo interaction with TRPC1 in HEK293 cells, however, no interaction was observed with TRPC3, TRPC4, or TRPC5. Ca2+ and Na+ currents of TRPV6-overexpressing HEK293 cells are significantly reduced by co-expression of TRPC1, correlating with a dramatically suppressed plasma membrane targeting of TRPV6. In line with their intracellular retention, remaining currents of TRPC1 and TRPV6 co-expression resemble in current-voltage relationship that of TRPV6. Studying the N-terminal ankyrin like repeat domain, structurally similar in the two proteins, we have found that these cytosolic segments were sufficient to mediate a direct heteromeric interaction. Moreover, the inhibitory role of TRPC1 on TRPV6 influx was also maintained by expression of only its N-terminal ankyrin-like repeat domain. Our experiments provide evidence for a functional interaction of TRPC1 with TRPV6 that negatively regulates Ca2+ influx in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schindl
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Reinhard Fritsch
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Irene Frischauf
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Heike Kahr
- School of Engineering/Enviromental/Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Martin Muik
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Muik M, Schindl R, Fahrner M, Romanin C. Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) current, structure, and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:4163-76. [PMID: 22802126 PMCID: PMC3505497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry describes the phenomenon that connects a depletion of internal Ca(2+) stores to an activation of plasma membrane-located Ca(2+) selective ion channels. Tremendous progress towards the underlying molecular mechanism came with the discovery of the two respective limiting components, STIM and Orai. STIM1 represents the ER-located Ca(2+) sensor and transmits the signal of store depletion to the plasma membrane. Here it couples to and activates Orai, the highly Ca(2+)-selective pore-forming subunit of Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels. In this review, we focus on the molecular steps that these two proteins undergo from store-depletion to their coupling, the activation, and regulation of Ca(2+) currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muik
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
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Freichel M, Almering J, Tsvilovskyy V. The Role of TRP Proteins in Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2012; 3:150. [PMID: 22701456 PMCID: PMC3372879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins form cation channels that are regulated through strikingly diverse mechanisms including multiple cell surface receptors, changes in temperature, in pH and osmolarity, in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), and by phosphoinositides which makes them polymodal sensors for fine tuning of many cellular and systemic processes in the body. The 28 TRP proteins identified in mammals are classified into six subfamilies: TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPA, TRPML, and TRPP. When activated, they contribute to cell depolarization and Ca(2+) entry. In mast cells, the increase of [Ca(2+)](i) is fundamental for their biological activity, and several entry pathways for Ca(2+) and other cations were described including Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Like in other non-excitable cells, TRP channels could directly contribute to Ca(2+) influx via the plasma membrane as constituents of Ca(2+) conducting channel complexes or indirectly by shifting the membrane potential and regulation of the driving force for Ca(2+) entry through independent Ca(2+) entry channels. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the expression of individual Trp genes with the majority of the 28 members being yet identified in different mast cell models, and we highlight mechanisms how they can regulate mast cell functions. Since specific agonists or blockers are still lacking for most members of the TRP family, studies to unravel their function and activation mode still rely on experiments using genetic approaches and transgenic animals. RNAi approaches suggest a functional role for TRPC1, TRPC5, and TRPM7 in mast cell derived cell lines or primary mast cells, and studies using Trp gene knock-out mice reveal a critical role for TRPM4 in mast cell activation and for mast cell mediated cutaneous anaphylaxis, whereas a direct role of cold- and menthol-activated TRPM8 channels seems to be unlikely for the development of cold urticaria at least in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Almering
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
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38
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Rae MG, Hilton J, Sharkey J. Putative TRP channel antagonists, SKF 96365, flufenamic acid and 2-APB, are non-competitive antagonists at recombinant human α1β2γ2 GABA(A) receptors. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:543-54. [PMID: 22369768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although transient receptor potential (TRP) channel biology research has expanded rapidly in recent years, the field is hampered by the widely held, but relatively poorly investigated, belief that most of the pharmacological tools used to investigate TRP channel function may not be particularly selective for their intended targets. The objective of this study was therefore to determine if this was indeed the case by systematically evaluating the effects of three routinely used putative TRP channel antagonists, SKF 96365, flufenamic acid (FF) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) against one of the most widely expressed CNS receptor subtypes CNS, the human α1β2γ2 GABA(A) receptor. Using whole cell patch-clamp recording to record responses to rapidly applied GABA in the absence and presence of the three putative antagonists in turn we found that SKF 96365 (1-100 μM) and FF (1-100 μM) significantly inhibited GABA responses of recombinant human α1β2γ2 GABA(A) receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells with IC(50) values of 13.4 ± 5.1 and 1.9 ± 1.4 μM, respectively, suppressing the maximal response to GABA at all concentrations used in a manner consistent with a non-competitive mode of action. SKF 96365 and FF also both significantly reduced desensitisation and prolonged the deactivation kinetics of the receptors to GABA (1mM; P<0.05). 2-APB (10-1000 μM) also inhibited responses to GABA at all concentrations used with an IC(50) value of 16.7 ± 5.4 μM (n=3-5) but had no significant effect on the activation, desensitisation or deactivation kinetics of the GABA responses. Taken together this investigation revealed that these widely utilised TRP channel antagonists display significant 'off-target' effects at concentrations that are routinely used for the study of TRP channel function in numerous biological systems and as such, data which is obtained utilising these compounds should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Rae
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland.
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39
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Bogeski I, Al-Ansary D, Qu B, Niemeyer BA, Hoth M, Peinelt C. Pharmacology of ORAI channels as a tool to understand their physiological functions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:291-303. [PMID: 22111611 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry is a major Ca(2+) entry mechanism that is present in most cell types. In immune cells, store-operated Ca(2+) entry is almost exclusively mediated by Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Ca(2+) entry through these channels and the corresponding cytosolic Ca(2+) signals are required for many immune cell functions, including all aspects of T-cell activation. ORAI proteins are the molecular correlates for the CRAC channels. The three human members, ORAI1, ORAI2 and ORAI3, are activated through the stromal interaction molecules (STIM)1 and 2 following depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. Different combinations of STIM and ORAI can form different CRAC channels with distinct biophysical properties. In this article, we review and discuss mechanistic and functional implications of two important CRAC/ORAI inhibitors, 2-APB and BTP2, and the antibiotic G418 that has also been reported to interfere with ORAI channel function. The use of pharmacological tools should help to assign distinct physiological and pathophysiological functions to different STIM-ORAI protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Structure, regulation and biophysics of I(CRAC), STIM/Orai1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:383-410. [PMID: 22453951 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels mediate robust Ca(2+) influx when the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores are depleted. This essential process for T-cell activation as well as degranulation of mast cells involves the Ca(2+) sensor STIM1, located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Ca(2+) selective Orai1 channel in the plasma membrane. Our review describes the CRAC signaling pathway, the activation of which is initiated by a drop in the endoplasmic Ca(2+) level sensed by STIM1. This in term induces multimerisation and puncta-formation of STIM1 proteins is followed by their coupling to and activation of Orai channels. Consequently Ca(2+) entry is triggered through the Orai pore into the cytosol with subsequent closure of the channel by Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation. We will portray a mechanistic view of the events coupling STIM1 to Orai activation based on their structure and biophysics.
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Abstract
The field of agonist-activated Ca(2+) entry in non-excitable cells underwent a revolution some 5 years ago with the discovery of the Orai proteins as the essential pore-forming components of the low-conductance, highly Ca(2+)-selective CRAC channels whose activation is dependent on depletion of intracellular stores. Mammals possess three distinct Orai proteins (Orai1, 2 and 3) of which Orai3 is unique to this class, apparently evolving from Orai1. However, the sequence of Orai3 shows marked differences from that of Orai1, particularly in those regions of the protein outside of the essential pore-forming domains. Correspondingly, studies from several different groups have indicated that the inclusion of Orai3 is associated with the appearance of conductances that display unique features in their gating, selectivity, regulation and mode of activation. In this Topical Review, these features are discussed with the purpose of proposing that the evolutionary appearance of Orai3 in mammals, and the consequent development of conductances displaying novel properties - whether formed by Orai3 alone or in conjunction with the other Orai proteins - is associated with the specific role of this member of the Orai family in a unique range of distinct cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Shuttleworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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42
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Song MY, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Role of reactive oxygen species and redox in regulating the function of transient receptor potential channels. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1549-65. [PMID: 21126186 PMCID: PMC3151422 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox status, regulated by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), greatly contributes to the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis by modulating the function of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the plasma membrane. ROS functionally interact with the channel protein via oxidizing the redox-sensitive residues, whereas nitric oxide (NO) regulates TRP channel function by cyclic GMP/protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways. Based on the structural differences among different TRP isoforms, the effects of ROS and NO are also different. In addition to regulating TRP channels in the plasma membrane, ROS and NO also modulate Ca(2+) release channels (e.g., IP(3) and ryanodine receptors) on the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This review aims at briefly describing (a) the role of TRP channels in receptor-operated and store-operated Ca(2+) entry, and (b) the role of ROS and redox status in regulating the function and structure of TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Song
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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43
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Harteneck C, Gollasch M. Pharmacological modulation of diacylglycerol-sensitive TRPC3/6/7 channels. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:35-41. [PMID: 20932261 PMCID: PMC3267170 DOI: 10.2174/138920111793937943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the classic type of transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) represent important molecules involved in hormonal signal transduction. TRPC3/6/7 channels are of particular interest as they are components of phospholipase C driven signalling pathways. Upon receptor-activation, G-protein-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C results in breakdown of phosphatidylinositides leading to increased intracellular diacylglycerol and inositol-trisphosphate levels. Diacylglycerol activates protein kinase C, but more interestingly diacylglycerol directly activates TRPC2/3/6/7 channels. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of TRP channels enabled reassignment of traditional inhibitors of receptor-dependent calcium entry such as SKF-96365 and 2-APB as blockers of TRPC3/6/7 and several members of non-classic TRP channels. Furthermore, several enzyme inhibitors have also been identified as TRP channel blockers, such as ACA, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, and W-7, a calmodulin antagonist. Finally, the naturally occurring secondary plant compound hyperforin has been identified as TRPC6-selective drug, providing an exciting proof of concept that it is possible to generate TRPC-selective channel modulators. The description of Pyr3 as the first TRPC3-selective inhibitor shows that not only nature but also man is able to generate TRP-selective modulators. The review sheds lights on the current knowledge and historical development of pharmacological modulators of TRPC3/6/7. Our analysis indicates that Pyr3 and hyperforin provide promising core structures for the development of new, selective and more potent modulators of TRPC3/6/7 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harteneck
- Institut für Pharmakologie & Toxikologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universitát, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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44
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Spehr J, Gelis L, Osterloh M, Oberland S, Hatt H, Spehr M, Neuhaus EM. G protein-coupled receptor signaling via Src kinase induces endogenous human transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) channel activation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13184-92. [PMID: 21349844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.183525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) homeostasis plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes. We showed previously that stimulation of the prostate-specific G protein-coupled receptor (PSGR) enhances cytosolic Ca(2+) and inhibits proliferation of prostate cells. Here, we analyzed the signaling mechanisms underlying the PSGR-mediated Ca(2+) increase. Using complementary molecular, biochemical, electrophysiological, and live-cell imaging techniques, we found that endogenous Ca(2+)-selective transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) channels are critically involved in the PSGR-induced Ca(2+) signal. Biophysical characterization of the current activated by PSGR stimulation revealed characteristic properties of TRPV6. The molecular identity of the involved channel was confirmed using RNA interference targeting TrpV6. TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) influx depended on Src kinase activity. Src kinase activation occurred independently of G protein activation, presumably by direct interaction with PSGR. Taken together, we report that endogenous TRPV6 channels are activated downstream of a G protein-coupled receptor and present the first physiological characterization of these channels in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, RTWH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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45
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TRPV1: A Therapy Target That Attracts the Pharmaceutical Interests. TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNELS 2011; 704:637-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Harteneck C, Klose C, Krautwurst D. Synthetic modulators of TRP channel activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 704:87-106. [PMID: 21290290 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In humans, 27 TRP channels from 6 related families contribute to a broad spectrum of cellular functions, such as thermo-, pressure-, volume-, pain- and chemosensation. Pain and inflammation-inducing compounds represent potent plant and animal defense mechanisms explaining the great variety of the naturally occurring, TRPV1-, TRPM8-, and TRPA1-activating ligands. The discovery of the first vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) and its involvement in nociception triggered the euphoria and the hope in novel therapeutic strategies treating pain, and this clear-cut indication inspired the development of TRPV1-selective ligands. On the other hand the nescience in the physiological role and putative clinical indication hampered the development of a selective drug in the case of the other TRP channels. Therefore, currently only a handful of mostly un-selective blocker is available to target TRP channels. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing quest for new, natural or synthetic ligands and modulators. In this chapter, we will give an overview on available broad-range blocker, as well as first TRP channel-selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harteneck
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Research (ICEPHA), Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.
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47
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Savignac M, Edir A, Simon M, Hovnanian A. Darier disease : a disease model of impaired calcium homeostasis in the skin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:1111-7. [PMID: 21167218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of extracellular calcium in epidermal differentiation and intra-epidermal cohesion has been recognized for many years. Darier disease (DD) was the first genetic skin disease caused by abnormal epidermal calcium homeostasis to be identified. DD is characterized by loss of cell-to-cell adhesion and abnormal keratinization. DD is caused by genetic defects in ATP2A2 encoding the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2). SERCA2 is a calcium pump of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transporting Ca(2+) from the cytosol to the lumen of ER. ATP2A2 mutations lead to loss of Ca(2+) transport by SERCA2 resulting in decreased ER Ca(2+) concentration in Darier keratinocytes. Here, we review the role of SERCA2 pumps and calcium in normal epidermis, and we discuss the consequences of ATP2A2 mutations on Ca(2+) signaling in DD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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48
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Wu LJ, Sweet TB, Clapham DE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVI. Current progress in the mammalian TRP ion channel family. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:381-404. [PMID: 20716668 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large family of ion channel proteins, surpassed in number in mammals only by voltage-gated potassium channels. TRP channels are activated and regulated through strikingly diverse mechanisms, making them suitable candidates for cellular sensors. They respond to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, osmolarity, pheromones, taste, and plant compounds, and intracellular stimuli such as Ca(2+) and phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathways. However, it is still largely unknown how TRP channels are activated in vivo. Despite the uncertainties, emerging evidence using TRP channel knockout mice indicates that these channels have broad function in physiology. Here we review the recent progress on the physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiological function of mammalian TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jun Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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49
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Gees M, Colsoul B, Nilius B. The role of transient receptor potential cation channels in Ca2+ signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a003962. [PMID: 20861159 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 28 mammalian members of the super-family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels, mostly permeable to both monovalent and divalent cations, and can be subdivided into six main subfamilies: the TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPP (polycystin), TRPML (mucolipin), and the TRPA (ankyrin) groups. TRP channels are widely expressed in a large number of different tissues and cell types, and their biological roles appear to be equally diverse. In general, considered as polymodal cell sensors, they play a much more diverse role than anticipated. Functionally, TRP channels, when activated, cause cell depolarization, which may trigger a plethora of voltage-dependent ion channels. Upon stimulation, Ca2+ permeable TRP channels generate changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, by Ca2+ entry via the plasma membrane. However, more and more evidence is arising that TRP channels are also located in intracellular organelles and serve as intracellular Ca2+ release channels. This review focuses on three major tasks of TRP channels: (1) the function of TRP channels as Ca2+ entry channels; (2) the electrogenic actions of TRPs; and (3) TRPs as Ca2+ release channels in intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Gees
- KU Leuven, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 802, Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Hogan PG, Lewis RS, Rao A. Molecular basis of calcium signaling in lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI. Annu Rev Immunol 2010; 28:491-533. [PMID: 20307213 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) entry into cells of the peripheral immune system occurs through highly Ca(2+)-selective channels known as CRAC (calcium release-activated calcium) channels. CRAC channels are a very well-characterized example of store-operated Ca(2+) channels, so designated because they open when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) store becomes depleted. Physiologically, Ca(2+) is released from the ER lumen into the cytoplasm when activated receptors couple to phospholipase C and trigger production of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)). IP(3) binds to IP(3) receptors in the ER membrane and activates Ca(2+) release. The proteins STIM and ORAI were discovered through limited and genome-wide RNAi screens, respectively, performed in Drosophila cells and focused on identifying modulators of store-operated Ca(2+) entry. STIM1 and STIM2 sense the depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores, whereas ORAI1 is a pore subunit of the CRAC channel. In this review, we discuss selected aspects of Ca(2+) signaling in cells of the immune system, focusing on the roles of STIM and ORAI proteins in store-operated Ca(2+) entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Hogan
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Immune Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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