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Cinato M, Andersson L, Miljanovic A, Laudette M, Kunduzova O, Borén J, Levin MC. Role of Perilipins in Oxidative Stress-Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38397807 PMCID: PMC10886189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in a cell. In the heart, oxidative stress may deteriorate calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and enhance maladaptive cardiac remodeling by the induction of hypertrophic and apoptotic signaling pathways. Consequently, dysregulated ROS production and oxidative stress have been implicated in numerous cardiac diseases, including heart failure, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved intracellular organelles that enable the safe and stable storage of neutral lipids within the cytosol. LDs are coated with proteins, perilipins (Plins) being one of the most abundant. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and Plins. Indeed, LDs and Plins are increasingly being recognized for playing a critical role beyond energy metabolism and lipid handling. Numerous reports suggest that an essential purpose of LD biogenesis is to alleviate cellular stress, such as oxidative stress. Given the yet unmet suitability of ROS as targets for the intervention of cardiovascular disease, the endogenous antioxidant capacity of Plins may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cinato
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Azra Miljanovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Marion Laudette
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1297, Toulouse III University—Paul Sabatier, 31432 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Malin C. Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
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Edwin RK, Acharya LP, Maity SK, Chakrabarti P, Tantia O, Joshi MB, Satyamoorthy K, Parsa KVL, Misra P. TGS1/PIMT knockdown reduces lipid accumulation in adipocytes, limits body weight gain and promotes insulin sensitivity in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166896. [PMID: 37751782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PRIP Interacting protein with Methyl Transferase domain (PIMT/TGS1) is an integral upstream coactivator in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcriptional apparatus. PPARγ activation alleviates insulin resistance but promotes weight gain. Herein, we show how PIMT regulates body weight while promoting insulin sensitivity in diet induced obese mice. In vitro, we observed enhanced PIMT levels during adipogenesis. Knockdown of PIMT in 3T3-L1 results in reduced lipid accumulation and alters PPARγ regulated gene expression. Intraperitoneal injection of shPIMT lentivirus in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice caused reduced adipose tissue size and decreased expression of lipid markers. This was accompanied by significantly lower levels of inflammation, hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the different adipose depots (eWAT and iWAT). Notably, PIMT depletion limits body weight gain in HFD-fed mice along with improved impaired oral glucose clearance. It also enhanced insulin sensitivity revealed by assessment of important insulin resistance markers and increased adiponectin levels. In addition, reduced PIMT levels did not alter the serum free fatty acid and TNFα levels. Finally, the relevance of our studies to human obesity is suggested by our finding that PIMT was upregulated in adipose tissue of obese patients along with crucial fat marker genes. We speculate that PIMT may be a potential target in maintaining energy metabolism, thus regulating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Lavanya Prakash Acharya
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sujay K Maity
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Poddar Nagar, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Poddar Nagar, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Om Tantia
- Institute of Laparoscopic Surgery Group of Hospitals, DD - 6, Sector I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India.
| | - Kishore V L Parsa
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Parimal Misra
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Stribny J, Schneiter R. Binding of perilipin 3 to membranes containing diacylglycerol is mediated by conserved residues within its PAT domain. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105384. [PMID: 37898398 PMCID: PMC10694602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that specifically associate with the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). These proteins function in LD biogenesis and lipolysis and help to stabilize the surface of LDs. PLINs are typically composed of three different protein domains. They share an N-terminal PAT domain of unknown structure and function, a central region containing 11-mer repeats that form amphipathic helices, and a C-terminal domain that adopts a 4-helix bundle structure. How exactly these three distinct domains contribute to PLIN function remains to be determined. Here, we show that the N-terminal PAT domain of PLIN3 binds diacylglycerol (DAG), the precursor to triacylglycerol, a major storage lipid of LDs. PLIN3 and its PAT domain alone bind liposomes with micromolar affinity and PLIN3 binds artificial LDs containing low concentrations of DAG with nanomolar affinity. The PAT domain of PLIN3 is predicted to adopt an amphipathic triangular shaped structure. In silico ligand docking indicates that DAG binds to one of the highly curved regions within this domain. A conserved aspartic acid residue in the PAT domain, E86, is predicted to interact with DAG, and we found that its substitution abrogates high affinity binding of DAG as well as DAG-stimulated association with liposome and artificial LDs. These results indicate that the PAT domain of PLINs harbor specific lipid-binding properties that are important for targeting these proteins to the surface of LDs and to ER membrane domains enriched in DAG to promote LD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Stribny
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Doncheva AI, Li Y, Khanal P, Hjorth M, Kolset SO, Norheim FA, Kimmel AR, Dalen KT. Altered hepatic lipid droplet morphology and lipid metabolism in fasted Plin2-null mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100461. [PMID: 37844775 PMCID: PMC10716011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (Plin2) binds to the surface of hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) with expression levels that correlate with triacylglyceride (TAG) content. We investigated if Plin2 is important for hepatic LD storage in fasted or high-fat diet-induced obese Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Plin2-/- mice had comparable body weights, metabolic phenotype, glucose tolerance, and circulating TAG and total cholesterol levels compared with Plin2+/+ mice, regardless of the dietary regime. Both fasted and high-fat fed Plin2-/- mice stored reduced levels of hepatic TAG compared with Plin2+/+ mice. Fasted Plin2-/- mice stored fewer but larger hepatic LDs compared with Plin2+/+ mice. Detailed hepatic lipid analysis showed substantial reductions in accumulated TAG species in fasted Plin2-/- mice compared with Plin2+/+ mice, whereas cholesteryl esters and phosphatidylcholines were increased. RNA-Seq revealed minor differences in hepatic gene expression between fed Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice, in contrast to marked differences in gene expression between fasted Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Our findings demonstrate that Plin2 is required to regulate hepatic LD size and storage of neutral lipid species in the fasted state, while its role in obesity-induced steatosis is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Doncheva
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode A Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Bombarda-Rocha V, Silva D, Badr-Eddine A, Nogueira P, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Challenges in Pharmacological Intervention in Perilipins (PLINs) to Modulate Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Obesity and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4013. [PMID: 37568828 PMCID: PMC10417315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) are the most abundant proteins in lipid droplets (LD). These LD-associated proteins are responsible for upgrading LD from inert lipid storage structures to fully functional organelles, fundamentally integrated in the lipid metabolism. There are five distinct perilipins (PLIN1-5), each with specific expression patterns and metabolic activation, but all capable of regulating the activity of lipases on LD. This plurality creates a complex orchestrated mechanism that is directly related to the healthy balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Given the essential role of PLINs in the modulation of the lipid metabolism, these proteins can become interesting targets for the treatment of lipid-associated diseases. Since reprogrammed lipid metabolism is a recognized cancer hallmark, and obesity is a known risk factor for cancer and other comorbidities, the modulation of PLINs could either improve existing treatments or create new opportunities for the treatment of these diseases. Even though PLINs have not been, so far, directly considered for pharmacological interventions, there are many established drugs that can modulate PLINs activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the involvement of PLINs in diseases related to lipid metabolism dysregulation and whether PLINs can be viewed as potential therapeutic targets for cancer and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Bombarda-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Allal Badr-Eddine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrícia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Khaddaj R, Stribny J, Cottier S, Schneiter R. Perilipin 3 promotes the formation of membrane domains enriched in diacylglycerol and lipid droplet biogenesis proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1116491. [PMID: 37465010 PMCID: PMC10350540 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1116491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as intracellular stores of energy-rich neutral lipids. LDs form at discrete sites in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and they remain closely associated with the ER during lipogenic growth and lipolytic consumption. Their hydrophobic neutral lipid core is covered by a monolayer of phospholipids, which harbors a specific set of proteins. This LD surface is coated and stabilized by perilipins, a family of soluble proteins that specifically target LDs from the cytosol. We have previously used chimeric fusion proteins between perilipins and integral ER membrane proteins to test whether proteins that are anchored to the ER bilayer could be dragged onto the LD monolayer. Expression of these chimeric proteins induces repositioning of the ER membrane around LDs. Here, we test the properties of membrane-anchored perilipins in cells that lack LDs. Unexpectedly, membrane-anchored perilipins induce expansion and vesiculation of the perinuclear membrane resulting in the formation of crescent-shaped membrane domains that harbor LD-like properties. These domains are stained by LD-specific lipophilic dyes, harbor LD marker proteins, and they transform into nascent LDs upon induction of neutral lipid synthesis. These ER domains are enriched in diacylglycerol (DAG) and in ER proteins that are important for early steps of LD biogenesis, including seipin and Pex30. Formation of the domains in vivo depends on DAG levels, and we show that perilipin 3 (PLIN3) binds to liposomes containing DAG in vitro. Taken together, these observations indicate that perilipin not only serve to stabilize the surface of mature LDs but that they are likely to exert a more active role in early steps of LD biogenesis at ER subdomains enriched in DAG, seipin, and neutral lipid biosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Khaddaj
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Stribny
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Cottier
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Frontini-López YR, Rivera L, Pocognoni CA, Roldán JS, Colombo MI, Uhart M, Delgui LR. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Assembly Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Lipid Droplet Accumulation. Viruses 2023; 15:1295. [PMID: 37376595 DOI: 10.3390/v15061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gumboro illness is caused by the highly contagious immunosuppressive infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which affects the poultry industry globally. We have previously shown that IBDV hijacks the endocytic pathway to construct viral replication complexes on endosomes linked to the Golgi complex (GC). Then, analyzing crucial proteins involved in the secretory pathway, we showed the essential requirement of Rab1b, the Rab1b downstream effector Golgi-specific BFA resistance factor 1 (GBF1), and its substrate, the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), for IBDV replication. In the current work, we focused on elucidating the IBDV assembly sites. We show that viral assembly occurs within single-membrane compartments closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, though we failed to elucidate the exact nature of the virus-wrapping membranes. Additionally, we show that IBDV infection promotes the stress of the ER, characterized by an accumulation of the chaperone binding protein (BiP) and lipid droplets (LDs) in the host cells. Overall, our results represent further original data showing the interplay between IBDV and the secretory pathway, making a substantial contribution to the field of birnaviruses-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica R Frontini-López
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Rivera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Pocognoni
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Julieta S Roldán
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
| | - María I Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Marina Uhart
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
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Hara M, Wu W, Malechka VV, Takahashi Y, Ma JX, Moiseyev G. PNPLA2 mobilizes retinyl esters from retinosomes and promotes the generation of 11-cis-retinal in the visual cycle. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112091. [PMID: 36763501 PMCID: PMC10406976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinosomes are intracellular lipid bodies found in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). They contain retinyl esters (REs) and are thought to be involved in visual chromophore regeneration during dark adaptation and in case of chromophore depletion. However, key enzymes in chromophore regeneration, retinoid isomerase (RPE65), and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) are located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The mechanism and the enzyme responsible for mobilizing REs from retinosomes remained unknown. Our study demonstrates that patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2) mobilizes all-trans-REs from retinosomes. The absence of PNPLA2 in mouse eyes leads to a significant accumulation of lipid droplets in RPE cells, declined electroretinography (ERG) response, and delayed dark adaptation compared with those of WT control mouse. Our work suggests a function of PNPLA2 as an RE hydrolase in the RPE, mobilizing REs from lipid bodies and functioning as an essential component of the visual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Hara
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Volha V Malechka
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gennadiy Moiseyev
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Buser DP, Spang A. Protein sorting from endosomes to the TGN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1140605. [PMID: 36895788 PMCID: PMC9988951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network is essential for recycling of protein and lipid cargoes to counterbalance anterograde membrane traffic. Protein cargo subjected to retrograde traffic include lysosomal acid-hydrolase receptors, SNARE proteins, processing enzymes, nutrient transporters, a variety of other transmembrane proteins, and some extracellular non-host proteins such as viral, plant, and bacterial toxins. Efficient delivery of these protein cargo molecules depends on sorting machineries selectively recognizing and concentrating them for their directed retrograde transport from endosomal compartments. In this review, we outline the different retrograde transport pathways governed by various sorting machineries involved in endosome-to-TGN transport. In addition, we discuss how this transport route can be analyzed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Yang Y, Li X, Liu Z, Ruan X, Wang H, Zhang Q, Cao L, Song L, Chen Y, Sun Y. Moderate Treadmill Exercise Alleviates NAFLD by Regulating the Biogenesis and Autophagy of Lipid Droplet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224910. [PMID: 36432597 PMCID: PMC9697757 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplet is a dynamic organelle that undergoes periods of biogenesis and degradation under environmental stimuli. The excessive accumulation of lipid droplets is the major characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moderate aerobic exercise is a powerful intervention protecting against the progress of NAFLD. However, its impact on lipid droplet dynamics remains ambiguous. Mice were fed with 15 weeks of high-fat diet in order to induce NAFLD. Meanwhile, the mice performed 15 weeks of treadmill exercise. Our results showed that 15 weeks of regular moderate treadmill exercise alleviated obesity, insulin intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia induced by HFD. Importantly, exercise improved histological phenotypes of NAFLD, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and locular ballooning, as well as prevented liver fat deposition and liver injury induced by HFD. Exercise reduced hepatic lipid droplet size, and moreover, it reduced PLIN2 protein level and increased PLIN3 protein level in the liver of HFD mice. Interestingly, our results showed that exercise did not significantly affect the gene expressions of DGAT1, DGAT2, or SEIPIN, which were involved in TG synthesis. However, it did reduce the expressions of FITM2, CIDEA, and FSP27, which were major involved in lipid droplet growth and budding, and lipid droplet expansion. In addition, exercise reduced ATGL protein level in HFD mice, and regulated lipophagy-related markers, including increasing ATG5, LAMP1, LAMP2, LAL, and CTSD, decreasing LC3II/I and p62, and promoting colocalization of LAMP1 with LDs. In summary, our data suggested that 15 weeks of moderate treadmill exercise was beneficial for regulating liver lipid droplet dynamics in HFD mice by inhibiting abnormal lipid droplets expansion and enhancing clearance of lipid droplets by lysosomes during the lipophagic process, which might provide highly flexible turnover for lipid mobilization and metabolism. Abbreviations: β-actin: actin beta; ATG5: autophagy related 5; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; ATGL: adipose triglyceride lipase; CSTD: cathepsin D; LAL: lysosomal acid lipase; DGAT1: diacylglycerol-o-acyltransferase 1; DGAT2: diacylglycerol-o-acyltransferase 2; CIDEA: cell death inducing dffa-like effector a; CIDEC/FSP27: cell death inducing dffa-like effector c; FITM2: fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2; PLIN2: adipose differentiation related protein; PLN3: tail-interacting protein 47; HSP90: heat shock protein 90; SREBP1c: sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c; chREBP: carbohydrate response element binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zonghan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinyu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Luchen Song
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-54341197
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11
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A novel lipid droplets-specific fluorescent bio-probe with large Stokes shift for the marking of living cells and zebrafish. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Salgado Pardo JI, Delgado Bermejo JV, González Ariza A, León Jurado JM, Marín Navas C, Iglesias Pastrana C, Martínez Martínez MDA, Navas González FJ. Candidate Genes and Their Expressions Involved in the Regulation of Milk and Meat Production and Quality in Goats ( Capra hircus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080988. [PMID: 35454235 PMCID: PMC9026325 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the present decade, highly selected caprine farming has increased in popularity due to the hardiness and adaptability inherent to goats. Recent advances in genetics have enabled the improvement in goat selection efficiency. The present review explores how genetic technologies have been applied to the goat-farming sector in the last century. The main candidate genes related to economically relevant traits are reported. The major source of income in goat farming derives from the sale of milk and meat. Consequently, yield and quality must be specially considered. Meat-related traits were evaluated considering three functional groups (weight gain, carcass quality and fat profile). Milk traits were assessed in three additional functional groups (milk production, protein and fat content). Abstract Despite their pivotal position as relevant sources for high-quality proteins in particularly hard environmental contexts, the domestic goat has not benefited from the advances made in genomics compared to other livestock species. Genetic analysis based on the study of candidate genes is considered an appropriate approach to elucidate the physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of the expression of functional traits. This is especially relevant when such functional traits are linked to economic interest. The knowledge of candidate genes, their location on the goat genetic map and the specific phenotypic outcomes that may arise due to the regulation of their expression act as a catalyzer for the efficiency and accuracy of goat-breeding policies, which in turn translates into a greater competitiveness and sustainable profit for goats worldwide. To this aim, this review presents a chronological comprehensive analysis of caprine genetics and genomics through the evaluation of the available literature regarding the main candidate genes involved in meat and milk production and quality in the domestic goat. Additionally, this review aims to serve as a guide for future research, given that the assessment, determination and characterization of the genes associated with desirable phenotypes may provide information that may, in turn, enhance the implementation of goat-breeding programs in future and ensure their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Salgado Pardo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - José Manuel León Jurado
- Agropecuary Provincial Center of Córdoba, Provincial Council of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Carmen Marín Navas
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Carlos Iglesias Pastrana
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - María del Amparo Martínez Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-63-853-5046 (ext. 621262)
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Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that store and supply lipids for energy metabolism, membrane synthesis and production of lipid-derived signaling molecules. While compositional differences in the phospholipid monolayer or neutral lipid core of LDs impact their metabolism and function, the proteome of LDs has emerged as a major influencer in all aspects of LD biology. The perilipins (PLINs) are the most studied and abundant proteins residing on the LD surface. This Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster summarize our current knowledge of the common and unique features of the mammalian PLIN family of proteins, the mechanisms through which they affect cell metabolism and signaling, and their links to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Najt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mahima Devarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Douglas G. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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14
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Lipid droplets associated perilipins protein insights into finding a therapeutic target approach to cure non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world, and it’s linked to a slew of other risk factors including diabetes, obesity, dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease. More than 30 years ago, a patient was diagnosed with fatty liver with excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes, a disorder known as hepatosteatosis. There will be no promising therapeutic medicines available from 1980 to 2021 which can reverse the fatty liver to normal liver state. In this review, we highlighted on lipid droplet associated protein which play a major role in accumulation of fat in liver cells and how these cellular pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach to treat the fatty liver disease.
Main body
Over the last few decades, Western countries follow a high-fat diet and change their lifestyle pattern due to certain metabolic disorders prevalence rate is very high all over the world. NAFLD is a major health issue and burden globally nowadays. Researchers are trying to find out the potential therapeutic target to combat the disease. The exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unclear. In the present decades. There is no Food and Drug Administration approved drugs are available to reverse the chronic condition of the disease. Based on literature survey, lipid droplets and their associated protein like perilipins play an eminent role in body fat regulation. In this review, we explain all types of perilipins such as perilipin1-5 (PLIN1-5) and their role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver which will be helpful to find the novel pharmacological target to treat the fatty liver.
Conclusion
In this review, majorly focussed on how fat is get deposited into hepatocytes follow the cellular signalling involved during lipid droplet biogenesis and leads to NAFLD. However, up to date still there mechanism of action is unclear. In this review, we hypothesized that lipid droplets associated proteins like perilipins could be better pharmacological target to reverse the chronic stage of fatty liver disease and how these lipid droplets associated proteins hide a clue to maintain the normal lipid homeostasis in the human body.
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Banerjee S, Bose D, Das S, Chatterjee N, Mishra S, Das Saha K. Leishmania donovani infection induce Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK½) mediated lipid droplet generation in macrophages. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:328-337. [PMID: 34953281 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently unfolded mechanisms showed lipid droplet helps in pathogen survival and paralyzes host immune response. In the present study, we showed the extent of lipid droplet(LD) generation in Leishmania donovani infection, the signaling involved, and their function concerning pathogenicity. RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells were used to infect with L. donovani and then flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to detect lipid droplet generation and subsequent assays. In this study, we showed that L. donovani AG83 (AG83/MHOM/1983) triggers lipid droplet formation in macrophages in a time-dependent manner. We provide novel insight into the signaling molecules which is responsible for LD accumulation. Interestingly, LPG deficient attenuated Leishmania strain UR6 (UR6/MHOM/1978) failed to fuel LD generation. But inhibition of phagosome maturation drastically stimulates LD accumulation in UR6 infected MΦs. Aspirin treatment in AG83 infected MΦs does not only lower LD load but also favors phagolysosome biogenesis and corrects cytokine balance. Employing strategies to circumvent halt in phagosome maturation using drugs that manipulate lipid droplet generation could be used as a therapeutic tool to resist parasite growth in the early hour of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Banerjee
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadip Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Mailler E, Guardia CM, Bai X, Jarnik M, Williamson CD, Li Y, Maio N, Golden A, Bonifacino JS. The autophagy protein ATG9A enables lipid mobilization from lipid droplets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6750. [PMID: 34799570 PMCID: PMC8605025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The multispanning membrane protein ATG9A is a scramblase that flips phospholipids between the two membrane leaflets, thus contributing to the expansion of the phagophore membrane in the early stages of autophagy. Herein, we show that depletion of ATG9A does not only inhibit autophagy but also increases the size and/or number of lipid droplets in human cell lines and C. elegans. Moreover, ATG9A depletion blocks transfer of fatty acids from lipid droplets to mitochondria and, consequently, utilization of fatty acids in mitochondrial respiration. ATG9A localizes to vesicular-tubular clusters (VTCs) that are tightly associated with an ER subdomain enriched in another multispanning membrane scramblase, TMEM41B, and also in close proximity to phagophores, lipid droplets and mitochondria. These findings indicate that ATG9A plays a critical role in lipid mobilization from lipid droplets to autophagosomes and mitochondria, highlighting the importance of ATG9A in both autophagic and non-autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Mailler
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nunziata Maio
- Metals Biology and Molecular Medicine Group, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andy Golden
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Alghamdi A, Alhotti DZ, Sabico S, Al-Attas OS, Al-Daghri NM. Associations of Perilipin 3 with Insulin Resistance in Arab Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4791915. [PMID: 34765049 PMCID: PMC8577949 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4791915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of T2DM has been recognized. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that store lipids. Perilipin 3 (PLIN3) is one of the five LD coat proteins that is relatively understudied as compared to other LDs. This study is aimed at determining levels of PLIN3 among adults with varying levels of obesity and insulin resistance to determine metabolic associations of PLIN3. Methodology. A total of 280 Saudi adults (n = 127 males; n = 153 females) were randomly recruited and divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and fasting glucose levels: healthy and lean (HL), obese and T2DM (OD), or obese and nondiabetic (OND). Lipid profiles, fasting glucose levels, insulin, and perilipin 3 levels were measured. RESULTS Circulating PLIN3 was significantly lower in the OD group [8.3 ng/mL (1.2-22.5; p < 0.001)] than the HL group [23.1 ng/mL (6.2-39.1; p < 0.001)]. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels were inversely correlated with PLIN3 in all subjects. Lastly, glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol cumulatively predict circulating levels of PLIN3 by as much as 11% of the variances perceived (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Circulating PLIN3 is significantly associated with insulin resistance markers and maybe a promising candidate as a protective biomarker for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Z. Alhotti
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S. Al-Attas
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wilson MH, Ekker SC, Farber SA. Imaging cytoplasmic lipid droplets in vivo with fluorescent perilipin 2 and perilipin 3 knock-in zebrafish. eLife 2021; 10:e66393. [PMID: 34387191 PMCID: PMC8460263 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets are highly dynamic storage organelles that are critical for cellular lipid homeostasis. While the molecular details of lipid droplet dynamics are a very active area of investigation, this work has been primarily performed in cultured cells. Taking advantage of the powerful transgenic and in vivo imaging opportunities available in zebrafish, we built a suite of tools to study lipid droplets in real time from the subcellular to the whole organism level. Fluorescently tagging the lipid droplet-associated proteins, perilipin 2 and perilipin 3, in the endogenous loci permits visualization of lipid droplets in the intestine, liver, and adipose tissue. Using these tools, we found that perilipin 3 is rapidly loaded on intestinal lipid droplets following a high-fat meal and later replaced by perilipin 2. These powerful new tools will facilitate studies on the role of lipid droplets in different tissues, under different genetic and physiological manipulations, and in a variety of human disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H Wilson
- Carnegie Institution for Science Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
| | - Steven A Farber
- Carnegie Institution for Science Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
- Johns Hopkins University Department of BiologyBaltimoreUnited States
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Hussain SS, Tran TM, Ware TB, Luse MA, Prevost CT, Ferguson AN, Kashatus JA, Hsu KL, Kashatus DF. RalA and PLD1 promote lipid droplet growth in response to nutrient withdrawal. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109451. [PMID: 34320341 PMCID: PMC8344381 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that undergo dynamic changes in response to changing cellular conditions. During nutrient depletion, LD numbers increase to protect cells against toxic fatty acids generated through autophagy and provide fuel for beta-oxidation. However, the precise mechanisms through which these changes are regulated have remained unclear. Here, we show that the small GTPase RalA acts downstream of autophagy to directly facilitate LD growth during nutrient depletion. Mechanistically, RalA performs this function through phospholipase D1 (PLD1), an enzyme that converts phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA) and that is recruited to lysosomes during nutrient stress in a RalA-dependent fashion. RalA inhibition prevents recruitment of the LD-associated protein perilipin 3, which is required for LD growth. Our data support a model in which RalA recruits PLD1 to lysosomes during nutrient deprivation to promote the localized production of PA and the recruitment of perilipin 3 to expanding LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tuyet-Minh Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Timothy B Ware
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Melissa A Luse
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Christopher T Prevost
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ashley N Ferguson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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Tavares LA, Januário YC, daSilva LLP. HIV-1 Hijacking of Host ATPases and GTPases That Control Protein Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622610. [PMID: 34307340 PMCID: PMC8295591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) modifies the host cell environment to ensure efficient and sustained viral replication. Key to these processes is the capacity of the virus to hijack ATPases, GTPases and the associated proteins that control intracellular protein trafficking. The functions of these energy-harnessing enzymes can be seized by HIV-1 to allow the intracellular transport of viral components within the host cell or to change the subcellular distribution of antiviral factors, leading to immune evasion. Here, we summarize how energy-related proteins deviate from their normal functions in host protein trafficking to aid the virus in different phases of its replicative cycle. Recent discoveries regarding the interplay among HIV-1 and host ATPases and GTPases may shed light on potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yunan C Januário
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Zhao Y, Albrecht E, Li Z, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, Metges CC, Maak S. Distinct Roles of Perilipins in the Intramuscular Deposition of Lipids in Glutamine-Supplemented, Low-, and Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:633898. [PMID: 34235195 PMCID: PMC8257002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.633898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets with low birth weight (LBW) usually have reduced muscle mass and increased lipid deposition compared with their normal-birth-weight (NBW) littermates. Supplementation of piglets with amino acids during the first days of life may improve muscle growth and simultaneously alter the intramuscular lipid deposition. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of glutamine (Gln) supplementation during the early suckling period on lipid deposition in the longissimus muscle (MLD) and the role of different perilipin (PLIN) family members in this process. Four groups were generated consisting of 72 male LBW piglets and 72 NBW littermates. Piglets were supplemented with either 1 g Gln/kg body weight or an isonitrogenous amount of alanine (Ala) between days post natum (dpn) 1 and 12. Twelve piglets per group were slaughtered at 5, 12, and 26 dpn, and muscle tissue was collected. Perilipins were localized by immunohistochemistry in muscle sections. The mRNA and protein abundances of PLIN family members and related lipases were quantified by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and western blots, respectively. While PLIN1 was localized around lipid droplets in mature and developing adipocytes, PLIN2 was localized at intramyocellular lipid droplets, PLIN3 and 4 at cell membranes of muscle fibers and adipocytes, and PLIN5 in the cytoplasm of undefined cells. The western blot results indicated higher protein abundances of PLIN2, 3, 4, and 5 in LBW piglets (p < 0.05) at 5 dpn compared with their NBW littermates independent of supplementation, while not directly reflecting the mRNA expression levels. The mRNA abundance of PLIN2 was lower while PLIN4 was higher in piglets at 26 dpn in comparison with piglets at 5 dpn (p < 0.01). Relative mRNA expression of LPL and CGI-58 was lowest in piglets at 5 dpn (p < 0.001). However, ATGL mRNA was not influenced by birth weight or supplementation, but the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis revealed close correlations with PLIN2, 4, and 5 mRNA at 5 and 26 dpn (r > 0.5, p < 0.001). The results indicated the importance of birth weight and age for intramuscular lipid deposition and different roles of PLIN family members in this process, but no clear modulating effect of Gln supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhao
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Quentin L Sciascia
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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22
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Khaddaj R, Mari M, Cottier S, Reggiori F, Schneiter R. The surface of lipid droplets constitutes a barrier for endoplasmic reticulum-resident integral membrane proteins. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:268334. [PMID: 34028531 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are globular subcellular structures that store neutral lipids. LDs are closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are limited by a phospholipid monolayer harboring a specific set of proteins. Most of these proteins associate with LDs through either an amphipathic helix or a membrane-embedded hairpin motif. Here, we address the question of whether integral membrane proteins can localize to the surface of LDs. To test this, we fused perilipin 3 (PLIN3), a mammalian LD-targeted protein, to ER-resident proteins. The resulting fusion proteins localized to the periphery of LDs in both yeast and mammalian cells. This peripheral LD localization of the fusion proteins, however, was due to a redistribution of the ER around LDs, as revealed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation between ER- and LD-localized partners. A LD-tethering function of PLIN3-containing membrane proteins was confirmed by fusing PLIN3 to the cytoplasmic domain of an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, OM14. Expression of OM14-PLIN3 induced a close apposition between LDs and mitochondria. These data indicate that the ER-LD junction constitutes a barrier for ER-resident integral membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Khaddaj
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Mari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Cottier
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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23
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The C-Terminus of Perilipin 3 Shows Distinct Lipid Binding at Phospholipid-Oil-Aqueous Interfaces. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040265. [PMID: 33917451 PMCID: PMC8067514 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitously expressed organelles; the only intracellular organelles that contain a lipid monolayer rather than a bilayer. Proteins localize and bind to this monolayer as they do to intracellular lipid bilayers. The mechanism by which cytosolic LD binding proteins recognize, and bind, to this lipid interface remains poorly understood. Amphipathic α-helix bundles form a common motif that is shared between cytosolic LD binding proteins (e.g., perilipins 2, 3, and 5) and apolipoproteins, such as apoE and apoLp-III, found on lipoprotein particles. Here, we use pendant drop tensiometry to expand our previous work on the C-terminal α-helix bundle of perilipin 3 and the full-length protein. We measure the recruitment and insertion of perilipin 3 at mixed lipid monolayers at an aqueous-phospholipid-oil interface. We find that, compared to its C-terminus alone, the full-length perilipin 3 has a higher affinity for both a neat oil/aqueous interface and a phosphatidylcholine (PC) coated oil/aqueous interface. Both the full-length protein and the C-terminus show significantly more insertion into a fully unsaturated PC monolayer, contrary to our previous results at the air-aqueous interface. Additionally, the C-terminus shows a preference for lipid monolayers containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), whereas the full-length protein does not. These results strongly support a model whereby both the N-terminal 11-mer repeat region and C-terminal amphipathic α-helix bundle domains of perilipin 3 have distinct lipid binding, and potentially biological roles.
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24
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Zhao Y, Lin X, Liu K, Tian Y, Zhang L, Wei W, Chen J. Promoter CpG methylation status affects ADRP gene expression level and intramuscular fat content in pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1729261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangsheng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaiqing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Friend or Foe: Lipid Droplets as Organelles for Protein and Lipid Storage in Cellular Stress Response, Aging and Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215053. [PMID: 33143278 PMCID: PMC7663626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as a mere lipid storage organelle for a long time. Recent evidence suggests that LDs are in fact distinct and dynamic organelles with a specialized proteome and functions in many cellular roles. As such, LDs contribute to cellular signaling, protein and lipid homeostasis, metabolic diseases and inflammation. In line with the multitude of functions, LDs interact with many cellular organelles including mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. LDs are highly mobile and dynamic organelles and impaired motility disrupts the interaction with other organelles. The reduction of interorganelle contacts results in a multitude of pathophysiologies and frequently in neurodegenerative diseases. Contacts not only supply lipids for β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes, but also may include the transfer of toxic lipids as well as misfolded and harmful proteins to LDs. Furthermore, LDs assist in the removal of protein aggregates when severe proteotoxic stress overwhelms the proteasomal system. During imbalance of cellular lipid homeostasis, LDs also support cellular detoxification. Fine-tuning of LD function is of crucial importance and many diseases are associated with dysfunctional LDs. We summarize the current understanding of LDs and their interactions with organelles, providing a storage site for harmful proteins and lipids during cellular stress, aging inflammation and various disease states.
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26
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Jiang G, Jin Y, Li M, Wang H, Xiong M, Zeng W, Yuan H, Liu C, Ren Z, Liu C. Faster and More Specific: Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer-Based Dyes for High-Fidelity Dynamic Imaging of Lipid Droplets within Cells and Tissues. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10342-10349. [PMID: 32615751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), a type of dynamic organelle residing at the center of cellular lipid storage, have been identified to play important roles in multiple biological processes, metabolic disorders, and diseases. The highly dynamic characters of LDs were found to correspond to their physiological and pathological functions. Hence, the fluorescent probes which enable dynamic tracking of LDs should be very helpful for better understanding the mechanisms of LDs involved biological processes and diseases. Herein we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first class of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorescence dyes (Flp-(11-13, 19)) for dynamic imaging of LDs based on 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) derivatives. Flp-(11-13, 19) display strong fluorescence from yellow to NIR in lipid but exhibit almost nonfluorescence in aqueous solution. Besides, they also show large Stokes shifts (>150 nm), narrow absorption and emission peaks, and good oil-water separation efficiency, which makes them specifically target and stain LDs with very low background noisy in both living cells and fixed cells. They stain intracellular LDs quite quickly (within 30 s) with very low dosage (as low as 500 nM). Benefitting from these advantages, Flp-(11-13, 19) are applied successfully in tracking the dynamic nature of LDs and accumulation of LDs in both aqueous solution and living cells, 3D imaging of LDs for visualization of their repartition within the cells, and visualizing LDs in tissues of diseases mice models including adipose, skeletal muscle, and fatty liver tissues, underscoring the potential utility of these dyes in both LDs biology research and medical diagnosis of LDs involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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27
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Coleman RA. The "discovery" of lipid droplets: A brief history of organelles hidden in plain sight. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158762. [PMID: 32622088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs), first described as early as the 1880s, were virtually ignored for more than 100 years. Between 1991 and the early 2000s, however, a series of discoveries and conceptual breakthroughs led to a resurgent interest in obesity as a disease, in the metabolism of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG), and in the physical locations of LDs as cellular structures with their associated proteins. Insights included the recognition that obesity underlies major chronic diseases, that appetite is hormonally controlled, that hepatic steatosis is not a benign finding, and that diabetes might fundamentally be a disorder of lipid metabolism. In this brief review, I describe the metamorphosis of LDs from overlooked globs of stored fat to dynamic organelles that control insulin resistance, mitochondrial oxidation, and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
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28
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Jevons EFP, Gejl KD, Strauss JA, Ørtenblad N, Shepherd SO. Skeletal muscle lipid droplets are resynthesized before being coated with perilipin proteins following prolonged exercise in elite male triathletes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E357-E370. [PMID: 31935113 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00399.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) are a key substrate during prolonged exercise, but little is known about the rate of IMTG resynthesis in the postexercise period. We investigated the hypothesis that the distribution of the lipid droplet (LD)-associated perilipin (PLIN) proteins is linked to IMTG storage following exercise. Fourteen elite male triathletes (27 ± 1 yr, 66.5 ± 1.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed 4 h of moderate-intensity cycling. During the first 4 h of recovery, subjects received either carbohydrate or H2O, after which both groups received carbohydrate. Muscle biopsies collected pre- and postexercise and 4 and 24 h postexercise were analyzed using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy for fiber type-specific IMTG content and PLIN distribution with LDs. Exercise reduced IMTG content in type I fibers (-53%, P = 0.002), with no change in type IIa fibers. During the first 4 h of recovery, IMTG content increased in type I fibers (P = 0.014), but was not increased more after 24 h, where it was similar to baseline levels in both conditions. During recovery the number of LDs labeled with PLIN2 (70%), PLIN3 (63%), and PLIN5 (62%; all P < 0.05) all increased in type I fibers. Importantly, the increase in LDs labeled with PLIN proteins only occurred at 24 h postexercise. In conclusion, IMTG resynthesis occurs rapidly in type I fibers following prolonged exercise in highly trained individuals. Furthermore, increases in IMTG content following exercise preceded an increase in the number of LDs labeled with PLIN proteins. These data, therefore, suggest that the PLIN proteins do not play a key role in postexercise IMTG resynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F P Jevons
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kasper D Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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29
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Whytock KL, Parry SA, Turner MC, Woods RM, James LJ, Ferguson RA, Ståhlman M, Borén J, Strauss JA, Cocks M, Wagenmakers AJM, Hulston CJ, Shepherd SO. A 7‐day high‐fat, high‐calorie diet induces fibre‐specific increases in intramuscular triglyceride and perilipin protein expression in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2020; 598:1151-1167. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Whytock
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Tom Reilly Building LJMU Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - S. A. Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - M. C. Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - R. M. Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - L. J. James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - R. A. Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - M. Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - J. Borén
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - J. A. Strauss
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Tom Reilly Building LJMU Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - M. Cocks
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Tom Reilly Building LJMU Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - A. J. M. Wagenmakers
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Tom Reilly Building LJMU Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - C. J. Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - S. O. Shepherd
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Tom Reilly Building LJMU Liverpool L3 3AF UK
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30
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Adipophilin and perilipin 3 positively correlate with total lipid content in human breast milk. Sci Rep 2020; 10:360. [PMID: 31941931 PMCID: PMC6962152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are secreted into milk as bilayer-coated structures: milk fat globules (MFGs). Adipophilin (ADRP) and perilipin 3 (TIP47) are associated with MFGs in human breast milk; however, the role of these proteins in milk lipid secretion is not fully understood. The study aimed to investigate levels of ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk, their mutual correlations, and dynamics during lactation. Milk samples from 22 healthy lactating women (Caucasian, Central European) were collected at five time points during lactation (1–3, 12–14, 29–30, 88–90 and 178–180 days postpartum). Mass spectrometry-based method was used for quantification of ADRP and TIP47 in the samples. The gravimetric method was used to determine milk total lipid content. We observed distinctive trends in ADRP, TIP47 levels and lipid content in human breast milk during the first six months of lactation. We also found a significant association between lipid content and ADRP, lipid content and TIP47, and ADRP and TIP47 concentrations in breast milk at all sampling points. A mass spectrometry-based method was developed for quantifying ADRP and TIP47 in human breast milk. Strong mutual correlations were found between ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk.
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31
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Kang SWS, Cogger VC, Le Couteur DG, Fu D. Multiple cellular pathways regulate lipid droplet homeostasis for the establishment of polarity in collagen sandwich-cultured hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C942-C952. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00051.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte polarization is energy dependent. The establishment of polarization in collagen sandwich culture of hepatocytes requires utilization of lipid droplets and mitochondrial β-oxidation to supply ATP. Multiple cellular pathways are involved in lipid droplet homeostasis; however, mechanistic insights of how hepatocytes utilize lipid droplets during polarization remain elusive. The current study investigated the effects of various pathways involved in lipid droplet homeostasis on bioenergetics during hepatocyte polarization. The results showed that hepatocytes were dependent on lipolysis of lipid droplets to release fatty acids for β-oxidation. Inhibition of lipolysis significantly decreased cellular fatty acid and ATP levels and inhibited hepatocyte polarization, revealing that lipolysis was an important mechanism for providing energy for hepatocyte polarization. The results also demonstrated that autophagic degradation of lipid droplets (lipophagy) was not essential for breaking down lipid droplets. Conversely, autophagy contributed to lipid droplet formation and played a key role in sustaining lipid droplet stores for energy production. In addition, cholesterol biosynthesis/cholesterol esterification and de novo fatty acid synthesis also contributed to maintaining lipid droplet stores for bioenergetics during hepatocyte polarization. In summary, multiple cellular pathways are coordinated to maintain lipid droplet homeostasis and sustain fatty acid β-oxidation during hepatocyte polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria C. Cogger
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G. Le Couteur
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dong Fu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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32
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MDT-28/PLIN-1 mediates lipid droplet-microtubule interaction via DLC-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14902. [PMID: 31624276 PMCID: PMC6797801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lipid accumulation in lipid droplets (LD) has been linked to many metabolic diseases. In this study, DHS-3::GFP was used as a LD marker in C. elegans and a forward genetic screen was carried out to find novel LD regulators. There were 140 mutant alleles identified which were divided into four phenotypic categories: enlarged, aggregated, aggregated and small, and decreased. After genetic mapping, mutations in three known LD regulatory genes (maoc-1, dhs-28, daf-22) and a peroxisome-related gene (acox-3) were found to enlarge LDs, demonstrating the reliability of using DHS-3 as a living marker. In the screen, the cytoskeleton protein C27H5.2 was found to be involved in LD aggregation, as was the LD resident/structure-like protein, MDT-28/PLIN-1. Using yeast two-hybrid screening and pull-down assays, MDT-28/PLIN-1 was found to bind to DLC-1 (dynein light chain). Fluorescence imaging confirmed that MDT-28/PLIN-1 mediated the interaction between DHS-3 labeled LDs and DLC-1 labeled microtubules. Furthermore, MDT-28/PLIN-1 was directly bound to DLC-1 through its amino acids 1–210 and 275–415. Taken together, our results suggest that MDT-28/PLIN-1 is involved in the regulation of LD distribution through its interaction with microtubule-related proteins.
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33
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Yu J, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhu X, Xu S, Zhou XM, Wang H, Zhang H, Liang B, Liu P. The Adrenal Lipid Droplet is a New Site for Steroid Hormone Metabolism. Proteomics 2019; 18:e1800136. [PMID: 30358111 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play essential roles for living organisms. It has been long and well established that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are essential sites for steroid hormone biosynthesis because several steroidogenic enzymes are located in these organelles. The adrenal gland lipid droplet (LD) proteomes from human, macaque monkey, and rodent are analyzed, revealing that steroidogenic enzymes are also present in abundance on LDs. The enzymes found include 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) and estradiol 17β-dehydrogenase 11 (HSD17B11). Analyses by Western blot and subcellular localization consistently demonstrate that HSD3B2 is localized on LDs. Furthermore, in vitro experiments confirm that the isolated LDs from HeLa cell stably expressing HSD3B2 or from rat adrenal glands have the capacity to convert pregnenolone to progesterone. Collectively, these data suggest that LDs may be important sites of steroid hormone metabolism. These findings may bring novel insights into the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones and the development of treatments for adrenal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, P. R. China
| | - Yunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.,Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shimeng Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.,Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, P. R. China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.,Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Straub BK, Witzel HR, Pawella LM, Renner M, Eiteneuer E, Hashani M, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Mechtersheimer G. Perilipin 1 Expression Differentiates Liposarcoma from Other Types of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1547-1558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Gu Y, Yang Y, Cao X, Zhao Y, Gao X, Sun C, Zhang F, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Xiao L, Ye J. Plin3 protects against alcoholic liver injury by facilitating lipid export from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16075-16087. [PMID: 31119787 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation is the most common pathological characteristic of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In mammalian cells, excess neutral lipids are stored in lipid droplets (LDs). As a member of perilipin family proteins, Plin3 was recently found to regulate the LD biogenesis. However, the roles and mechanism of Plin3 in ALD progression remain unclear. Herein, we found that alcohol stimulated Plin3 expression in both mouse livers and cultured AML12 mouse hepatic cells, which was accompanied by excess LD accumulation in hepatocytes. The elevations of Plin3 in alcohol-treated hepatocytes paralleled with the levels of both PPARα and γ, and the protein degradation of Plin3 was also reduced after alcohol exposure. Moreover, Plin3 knockdown increased cellular sensitivity to alcohol-induced apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammatory cytokines release, including TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6β. Notably, alcohol exacerbated triglycerides (TG) accumulation in the ER and caused ER dilation in Plin3-knockdown AML12 cells. Finally, we observed that Plin3 interacted with dynein subunit Dync1i1 and mediated the colocalization of LDs and microtubules, while high concentration of alcohol disrupted microtubules and caused dispersion of excess small LDs in cytoplasm. Summarily, Plin3 promotes lipid export from the ER and reduces ER lipotoxic stress, thereby, protecting against alcoholic liver injury. Moreover, Plin3 could be an adapter protein mediating LD transport by microtubules. This study explored the roles of Plin3 in alcohol-induced hepatic injury, suggesting Plin3 as a potential target for the prevention of ALD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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36
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Redwan EM, Alkarim SA, El-Hanafy AA, Saad YM, Almehdar HA, Uversky VN. Disorder in milk proteins: adipophilin and TIP47, important constituents of the milk fat globule membrane. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1214-1229. [PMID: 30896308 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1592027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat globules (MFGs), which are secreted by the epithelial cells of the lactating mammary glands, account for the most of the nutritional value of milk. They are enveloped by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a complex structure consisting of three phospholipid membrane monolayers and containing various lipids. Depending on the origin of milk, specific proteins accounts for 5-70% of the MFGM mass. Proteome of MFGMs includes hundreds of proteins, with nine major components being adipophilin, butyrophilin, cluster of differentiation 36, fatty acid binding protein, lactadherin, mucin 1, mucin 15, tail-interacting protein 47 (TIP47), and xanthine oxidoreductase. Two of the MFGM components, adipophilin and TIP47, belong to the five-member perilipin family of lipid droplet proteins. Adipophilin is involved in the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and secretion of MFGs. This protein is also related to the formation of other lipid droplets that exist in most cell types, playing an important role in the transport of lipids from ER to the surface of lipid droplets. TIP47 acts as a cytoplasmic sorting factor for mannose 6-phosphate receptors and is recruited to the MFGM. Therefore, both adipophilin and TIP47 are moonlighting proteins, each possessing several unrelated functions. This review focuses on the main functions and specific structural features of adipophilin and TIP47, analyzes similarities and differences of these proteins among different species, and describes these proteins in the context of other members of the perilipin family.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Protein Research Department, Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Alkarim
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr A El-Hanafy
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Nucleic Acid Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research & Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Saad
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein A Almehdar
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia Moscow Region.,Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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37
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Lassen S, Grüttner C, Nguyen-Dinh V, Herker E. Perilipin-2 is critical for efficient lipoprotein and hepatitis C virus particle production. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.217042. [PMID: 30559250 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In hepatocytes, PLIN2 is the major protein coating lipid droplets (LDs), an organelle the hepatitis C virus (HCV) hijacks for virion morphogenesis. We investigated the consequences of PLIN2 deficiency on LDs and on HCV infection. Knockdown of PLIN2 did not affect LD homeostasis, likely due to compensation by PLIN3, but severely impaired HCV particle production. PLIN2-knockdown cells had slightly larger LDs with altered protein composition, enhanced local lipase activity and higher β-oxidation capacity. Electron micrographs showed that, after PLIN2 knockdown, LDs and HCV-induced vesicular structures were tightly surrounded by ER-derived double-membrane sacs. Strikingly, the LD access for HCV core and NS5A proteins was restricted in PLIN2-deficient cells, which correlated with reduced formation of intracellular HCV particles that were less infectious and of higher density, indicating defects in maturation. PLIN2 depletion also reduced protein levels and secretion of ApoE due to lysosomal degradation, but did not affect the density of ApoE-containing lipoproteins. However, ApoE overexpression in PLIN2-deficient cells did not restore HCV spreading. Thus, PLIN2 expression is required for trafficking of core and NS5A proteins to LDs, and for formation of functional low-density HCV particles prior to ApoE incorporation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lassen
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Grüttner
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Van Nguyen-Dinh
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Herker
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany .,Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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38
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Kristensen MD, Petersen SM, Møller KE, Lund MT, Hansen M, Hansen CN, Courraud J, Helge JW, Dela F, Prats C. Obesity leads to impairments in the morphology and organization of human skeletal muscle lipid droplets and mitochondrial networks, which are resolved with gastric bypass surgery-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 224:e13100. [PMID: 29791782 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Skeletal muscle lipid stores and mitochondrial function have been appointed as key players in obesity-induced insulin resistance. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature based on in vitro quantitative measurements. Here, we test the hypothesis that it is not the quantity but the quality that matters. METHODS This study combines quantitative and qualitative structural measurements of lipid stores and mitochondrial dynamics in skeletal muscle from lean subjects, and subjects with morbid obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes, before and after gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS The structural organization of muscle mitochondrial networks in type II muscle fibres from subjects with morbid obesity is impaired. In addition, the amount of skeletal muscle perilipin 2 protein per intramyocellular lipid is reduced in subjects with morbid obesity, resulting in qualitative alterations in perilipin 2 coat around some lipid droplets. Gastric bypass surgery-induced weight loss and insulin resistance remission were associated with decreases in intramyocellular lipid stores and, qualitative improvements in lipid droplets' morphology, perilipin 2 coat and mitochondrial dynamics. CONCLUSION Morbid obesity leads to severe qualitative alterations of both skeletal muscle lipid stores and mitochondrial networks. The degree of structural improvements after gastric bypass surgery was proportional to the improvements in whole body insulin sensitivity, suggesting an association between these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Kristensen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. M. Petersen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. E. Møller
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. T. Lund
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Hansen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. N Hansen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. Courraud
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics; Bispebjerg University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Prats
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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39
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Hong Y, Li S, Wang J, Li Y. In vitro inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation by the autophagy-related lipid droplet protein ATG2A. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9232. [PMID: 29915313 PMCID: PMC6006255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have found that moderate intake of retinol or oleic acid can enlarge the lipid droplets of hepatic stellate cells and suppress their activation. However, the link between lipid droplets and cell activation is unknown. This study compared the dynamics of lipid droplet-associated protein expression between activated and reverted stellate cells. Reversion of the activated human stellate cell line LX-2 and inhibition of primary mouse stellate cell activation were induced by retinol or oleic acid, which resulted in larger lipid droplets and the downregulation of cell activation markers. Quantitative proteomics and immunoblotting were performed to compare lipid-droplet protein profiles between activated and reverted LX-2 cells. Compared to expression in activated cells, 50 lipid-droplet proteins were upregulated, whereas 28 were downregulated upon reversion. ATG2A was significantly enriched in lipid droplets of retinol/oleic acid-treated LX-2 cells and quiescent primary stellate cells. Reduced expression of α-SMA, increased expression of perilipin-3, enlarged lipid droplets, and suppression of autophagic flux were observed in ATG2A-deficient LX2 cells. Lipid-droplet protein profile changes during the reversion of activated stellate cells might provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms linking lipid droplets to liver fibrosis. ATG2A could represent a potential new drug target for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hong
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Sirui Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youming Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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40
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Vallochi AL, Teixeira L, Oliveira KDS, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bozza PT. Lipid Droplet, a Key Player in Host-Parasite Interactions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1022. [PMID: 29875768 PMCID: PMC5974170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (lipid bodies, LDs) are dynamic organelles that have important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and inflammation. LD biogenesis, composition, and functions are highly regulated and may vary according to the stimuli, cell type, activation state, and inflammatory environment. Increased cytoplasmic LDs are frequently observed in leukocytes and other cells in a number of infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence reveals LDs participation in fundamental mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, including cell signaling and immunity. LDs are sources of eicosanoid production, and may participate in different aspects of innate signaling and antigen presentation. In addition, intracellular pathogens evolved mechanisms to subvert host metabolism and may use host LDs, as ways of immune evasion and nutrients source. Here, we review mechanisms of LDs biogenesis and their contributions to the infection progress, and discuss the latest discoveries on mechanisms and pathways involving LDs roles as regulators of the immune response to protozoan infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lima Vallochi
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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41
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Hashani M, Witzel HR, Pawella LM, Lehmann-Koch J, Schumacher J, Mechtersheimer G, Schnölzer M, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Straub BK. Widespread expression of perilipin 5 in normal human tissues and in diseases is restricted to distinct lipid droplet subpopulations. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:121-136. [PMID: 29752569 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diseases associated with the accumulation of lipid droplets are increasing in western countries. Lipid droplet biogenesis, structure and degradation are regulated by proteins of the perilipin family. Perilipin 5 has been shown to regulate basal lipolysis in oxidative tissues. We examine perilipin 5 in normal human tissues and in diseases using protein biochemical and microscopic techniques. Perilipin 5 was constitutively located at small lipid droplets in skeletal myocytes, cardiomyocytes and brown adipocytes. In addition, perilipin 5 was detected in the epithelia of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract, especially in hepatocytes, the mitochondria-rich parietal cells of the stomach, tubular kidney cells and ductal cells of the salivary gland and pancreas. Granular cytoplasmic expression, without a lipid droplet-bound localization was detected elsewhere. In cardiomyopathies, in skeletal muscle diseases and during hepatocyte steatogenesis, perilipin 5 was upregulated and localized to larger and more numerous lipid droplets. In steatotic human hepatocytes, perilipin 5 was moderately increased and colocalized with perilipins 1 and 2 but not with perilipin 3 at lipid droplets. In liver diseases implicated in alterations of mitochondria, such as mitochondriopathies, alcoholic liver disease, Wilson's disease and acute liver injury, perilipin 5 was frequently localized to small lipid droplets and less in the cytoplasm. In tumorigenesis, perilipin 5 was especially upregulated in lipo-, leio- and rhabdomyosarcoma and hepatocellular and renal cell carcinoma. In summary, our study provides evidence that perilipin 5 is not restricted to certain cell types but localizes to distinct lipid droplet subpopulations reflecting a possible function in oxidative energy supply in normal tissues and in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merita Hashani
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Hagen Roland Witzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lena Maria Pawella
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Lehmann-Koch
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Translational and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gunhild Mechtersheimer
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), INF 580, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate Katharina Straub
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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42
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Xu S, Zhang X, Liu P. Lipid droplet proteins and metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1968-1983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lipid accumulation in human breast cancer cells injured by iron depletors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:75. [PMID: 29615075 PMCID: PMC5883539 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Current insights into the effects of iron deficiency in tumour cells are not commensurate with the importance of iron in cell metabolism. Studies have predominantly focused on the effects of oxygen or glucose scarcity in tumour cells, while attributing insufficient emphasis to the inadequate supply of iron in hypoxic regions. Cellular responses to iron deficiency and hypoxia are interlinked and may strongly affect tumour metabolism. Methods We examined the morphological, proteomic, and metabolic effects induced by two iron chelators—deferoxamine (DFO) and di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT)—on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 breast cancer cells. Results These chelators induced a cytoplasmic massive vacuolation and accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), eventually followed by implosive, non-autophagic, and non-apoptotic death similar to methuosis. Vacuoles and LDs are generated by expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) based on extracellular fluid import, which includes unsaturated fatty acids that accumulate in LDs. Typical physiological phenomena associated with hypoxia are observed, such as inhibition of translation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic remodelling. These survival-oriented changes are associated with a greater expression of epithelial/mesenchymal transcription markers. Conclusions Iron starvation induces a hypoxia-like program able to scavenge nutrients from the extracellular environment, and cells assume a hypertrophic phenotype. Such survival strategy is accompanied by the ER-dependent massive cytoplasmic vacuolization, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and LD accumulation and then evolves into cell death. LDs containing a greater proportion of unsaturated lipids are released as a consequence of cell death. The consequence of the disruption of iron metabolism in tumour tissue and the effects of LDs on intercellular communication, cancer–inflammation axis, and immunity remain to be explored. Considering the potential benefits, these are crucial subjects for future mechanistic and clinical studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0737-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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44
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Zhang P, Meng L, Song L, Du J, Du S, Cui W, Liu C, Li F. Roles of Perilipins in Diseases and Cancers. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:247-257. [PMID: 29755288 PMCID: PMC5930447 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170915155948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perilipins, an ancient family of lipid droplet-associated proteins, are embedded in a phospho-lipid monolayer of intracellular lipid droplets. The core of lipid droplets is composed of neutral fat, which mainly includes triglyceride and cholesterol ester. Perilipins are closely related to the function of lipid droplets, and they mediate lipid metabolism and storage. Therefore, perilipins play an important role in the development of obesity, diabetes, cancer, hepatic diseases, atherosclerosis, and carcinoma, which are caused by abnormal lipid metabolism. Accumulation of lipid droplets is a common phenomenon in tumor cells. Available data on the pathophysiology of perilipins and the relationship of perilipins with endocrine metabolic diseases and cancers are summarized in this mini-review. The research progress on this family offers novel insights into the therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lian Meng
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lingxie Song
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shutong Du
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100020, China
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45
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Auclair N, Melbouci L, St-Pierre D, Levy E. Gastrointestinal factors regulating lipid droplet formation in the intestine. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:1-14. [PMID: 29305172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLD) are considered as neutral lipid reservoirs, which protect cells from lipotoxicity. It became clear that these fascinating dynamic organelles play a role not only in energy storage and metabolism, but also in cellular lipid and protein handling, inter-organelle communication, and signaling among diverse functions. Their dysregulation is associated with multiple disorders, including obesity, liver steatosis and cardiovascular diseases. The central aim of this review is to highlight the link between intra-enterocyte CLD dynamics and the formation of chylomicrons, the main intestinal dietary lipid vehicle, after overviewing the morphology, molecular composition, biogenesis and functions of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Auclair
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - L Melbouci
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - D St-Pierre
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - E Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6.
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Moreira D, Estaquier J, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Silvestre R. Metabolic Crosstalk Between Host and Parasitic Pathogens. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 109:421-458. [PMID: 30535608 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A complex network that embraces parasite-host intrinsic factors and the microenvironment regulated the interaction between a parasite and its host. Nutritional pressures exerted by both elements of this duet thus dictate this host-parasite niche. To survive and proliferate inside a host and a harsh nutritional environment, the parasites modulate different nutrient sensing pathways to subvert host metabolic pathways. Such mechanism is able to change the flux of distinct nutrients/metabolites diverting them to be used by the parasites. Apart from this nutritional strategy, the scavenging of nutrients, particularly host fatty acids, constitutes a critical mechanism to fulfil parasite nutritional requirements, ultimately defining the host metabolic landscape. The host metabolic alterations that result from host-parasite metabolic coupling can certainly be considered important targets to improve diagnosis and also for the development of future therapies. Metabolism is in fact considered a key element within this complex interaction, its modulation being crucial to dictate the final infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Bioloógicas, Faculdade de Farmaácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- CNRS FR 3636, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Bioloógicas, Faculdade de Farmaácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Abstract
SummaryLipid droplets (LDs) are the main energy resource for porcine preimplantation embryonic development. PLIN3 has been implicated in LD formation and regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the dynamic pattern of PLIN3 in pig oocytes and cumulus cells (CC) during in vitro maturation (IVM), and to determine the relationship between PLIN3 and LD content. IVM with cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEO), cumulus-denuded oocytes (DO) and the CCs denuded from the corresponding oocytes (DCC) was performed in porcine follicular fluid (PFF) or PFF-free optimized medium. DO and the DCC were cultured together under the same conditions as described above, while the DO was named DTO and the DCC was named DTCC in this group. Firstly, our results revealed LDs distributed widely in oocytes and CC, while the PLIN3 protein coated these LDs and spread out ubiquitously in the cytoplasm. Secondly, not only the mRNA level but also at protein level of PLIN3 in immature naked oocytes (IO) was higher than that in matured CEO, DO and DTO. Although PLIN3 was expressed at lower levels in CC from immature oocytes (ICC), the protein level of PLIN3 was comparably higher in the ECC and DCC groups. The triglyceride (TG) content in CEO and DO was significantly less abundant compared with that in IO. Therefore, our results indicated that co-culturing of oocytes and CC might affect PLIN3 expression levels in CC but not in oocytes. Lipid accumulation in pig oocytes during maturation might be affected by PLIN3 cross-talk between oocytes and CC.
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GosB Inhibits Triacylglycerol Synthesis and Promotes Cell Survival in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7394869. [PMID: 29181403 PMCID: PMC5664265 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7394869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the activator protein related transcription factor Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma B (GosB) is involved in preadipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol synthesis. However, the role of GosB in regulating the synthesis of milk fatty acid in mouse mammary glands remains unclear. This research uncovered potentially new roles of GosB in suppressing milk fatty acid synthesis. Results revealed that GosB had the highest expression in lung tissue and showed a higher expression level during nonlactation than during lactation. GosB inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), perilipin 2 (PLIN2), perilipin 3 (PLIN3), and C/EBPα in mouse mammary gland epithelial cells (MEC). In addition, GosB reduced cellular triglyceride content and the accumulation of lipid droplets; in particular, GosB enhanced saturated fatty acid concentration (C16:0 and C18:0). The PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (ROSI), promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. GosB increased the expression of Bcl-2 and protected MEC from ROSI-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, MECs were protected from apoptosis through the GosB regulation of intracellular calcium concentrations. These findings suggest that GosB may regulate mammary epithelial cells milk fat synthesis and apoptosis via PPARγ in mouse mammary glands.
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Wei X, Li H, Zhao G, Yang J, Li L, Huang Y, Lan X, Ma Y, Hu L, Zheng H, Chen H. ΔFosB regulates rosiglitazone-induced milk fat synthesis and cell survival. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:9284-9298. [PMID: 29154466 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone induces adipogenesis in adipocyte and regulates cell survival and differentiation in number of cell types. However, whether PPARγ regulates the synthesis of milk fat and cell survival in goat mammary gland remains unknown. Rosiglitazone strongly enhanced cellular triacylglycerol content and accumulation of lipid droplet in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). Furthermore, ΔFosB decreased the expression of PPARγ at both mRNA and protein levels, and rosiglitazone-induced milk fat synthesis was abolished by ΔFosB overexpression. ΔFosB reduced milk fat synthesis and enhanced saturated fatty acid concentration. Rosiglitazone increased the number of GMEC in G0/G1 phase and inhibited cell proliferation, and these effects were improved by overexpression of ΔFosB. ΔFosB was found to promote the expression of Bcl-2 and suppress the expression of Bax, and protected GMEC from apoptosis induced by rosiglitazone. Intracellular calcium trafficking assay revealed that rosiglitazone markedly increased intracellular calcium concentration. ΔFosB protected GMEC from apoptosis induced by intracellular Ca2+ overload. ΔFosB increased MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity. SB-3CT, an MMP-9 inhibitor, suppressed the expression of Bcl-2, and increased intracellular calcium levels, and this effect was abolished by ΔFosB overexpression. SB-3CT induced GMEC apoptosis and this effect was inhibited by ΔFosB overexpression. These findings suggest that ΔFosB regulates rosiglitazone-induced milk fat synthesis and cell survival. Therefore, ΔFosB may be an important checkpoint to control milk fat synthesis and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Guangwei Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiameng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Lihui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
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Tirinato L, Pagliari F, Limongi T, Marini M, Falqui A, Seco J, Candeloro P, Liberale C, Di Fabrizio E. An Overview of Lipid Droplets in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1656053. [PMID: 28883835 PMCID: PMC5572636 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1656053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, lipid droplets have been considered as the main cellular organelles involved in the fat storage, because of their lipid composition. However, in recent years, some new and totally unexpected roles have been discovered for them: (i) they are active sites for synthesis and storage of inflammatory mediators, and (ii) they are key players in cancer cells and tissues, especially in cancer stem cells. In this review, we summarize the main concepts related to the lipid droplet structure and function and their involvement in inflammatory and cancer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Tirinato
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Pagliari
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Limongi
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M. Marini
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Seco
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - P. Candeloro
- BioNEM Lab, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C. Liberale
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. Di Fabrizio
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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