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Lam LPY, Lui ACW, Bartley LE, Mikami B, Umezawa T, Lo C. Multifunctional 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferases (CAldOMTs) in plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1671-1695. [PMID: 38198655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, flavonoids, melatonin, and stilbenes are plant specialized metabolites with diverse physiological and biological functions, supporting plant growth and conferring stress resistance. Their biosynthesis requires O-methylations catalyzed by 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase (CAldOMT; also called caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT). CAldOMT was first known for its roles in syringyl (S) lignin biosynthesis in angiosperm cell walls and later found to be multifunctional. This enzyme also catalyzes O-methylations in flavonoid, melatonin, and stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the convergent evolution of enzymes with OMT activities towards the monolignol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in some gymnosperm species that lack S-lignin and Selaginella moellendorffii, a lycophyte which produces S-lignin. Furthermore, neofunctionalization of CAldOMTs occurred repeatedly during evolution, generating unique O-methyltransferases (OMTs) with novel catalytic activities and/or accepting novel substrates, including lignans, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and phenylpropenes. This review summarizes multiple aspects of CAldOMTs and their related proteins in plant metabolism and discusses their evolution, molecular mechanism, and roles in biorefineries, agriculture, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Pui Ying Lam
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Andy C W Lui
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Zhu Y, Li L. Wood of trees: Cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:443-467. [PMID: 38032010 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization, forest coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply. Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests. Thus, understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality, fast-growing plantation trees. Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many. Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular, genetic, and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation, and considerable progress and findings have been achieved. These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement. This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation, as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees, and address future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Liu M, Liu H, Zhang J, Li C, Li Y, Yang G, Xia T, Huang H, Xu Y, Kong W, Hou B, Qi X, Wang J. Knockout of CAFFEOYL-COA 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE 6/6L enhances the S/G ratio of lignin monomers and disease resistance in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1216702. [PMID: 37868314 PMCID: PMC10585270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Nicotiana tabacum is an important economic crop, which is widely planted in the world. Lignin is very important for maintaining the physiological and stress-resistant functions of tobacco. However, higher lignin content will produce lignin gas, which is not conducive to the formation of tobacco quality. To date, how to precisely fine-tune lignin content or composition remains unclear. Results Here, we annotated and screened 14 CCoAOMTs in Nicotiana tabacum and obtained homozygous double mutants of CCoAOMT6 and CCoAOMT6L through CRSIPR/Cas9 technology. The phenotype showed that the double mutants have better growth than the wild type whereas the S/G ratio increased and the total sugar decreased. Resistance against the pathogen test and the extract inhibition test showed that the transgenic tobacco has stronger resistance to tobacco bacterial wilt and brown spot disease, which are infected by Ralstonia solanacearum and Alternaria alternata, respectively. The combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome in the leaves and roots suggested that the changes of phenylpropane and terpene metabolism are mainly responsible for these phenotypes. Furthermore, the molecular docking indicated that the upregulated metabolites, such as soyasaponin Bb, improve the disease resistance due to highly stable binding with tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase targets in Ralstonia solanacearum and Alternaria alternata. Conclusions CAFFEOYL-COA 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE 6/6L can regulate the S/G ratio of lignin monomers and may affect tobacco bacterial wilt and brown spot disease resistance by disturbing phenylpropane and terpene metabolism in leaves and roots of Nicotiana tabacum, such as soyasaponin Bb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Huayin Liu
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Jianduo Zhang
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinke Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangyu Yang
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Weisong Kong
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Bingzhu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
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4
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Tong N, Shu Q, Wang B, Peng L, Liu Z. Histology, physiology, and transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveal the developmental dynamics of annual shoots in tree peonies ( Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad152. [PMID: 37701456 PMCID: PMC10493643 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of tree peony annual shoots is characterized by "withering", which is related to whether there are bud points in the leaf axillaries of annual shoots. However, the mechanism of "withering" in tree peony is still unclear. In this study, Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' and P. suffruticosa 'Luoyanghong' were used to investigate dynamic changes of annual shoots through anatomy, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome. The results demonstrated that the developmental dynamics of annual shoots of the two cultivars were comparable. The withering degree of P. suffruticosa 'Luoyanghong' was higher than that of P. ostii 'Fengdan', and their upper internodes of annual flowering shoots had a lower degree of lignin deposition, cellulose, C/N ratio, showing no obvious sclerenchyma, than the bottom ones and the whole internodes of vegetative shoot, which resulted in the "withering" of upper internodes. A total of 36 phytohormone metabolites were detected, of which 33 and 31 were detected in P. ostii 'Fengdan' and P. suffruticosa 'Luoyanghong', respectively. In addition, 302 and 240 differentially expressed genes related to lignin biosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and zeatin biosynthesis were screened from the two cultivars. Furtherly, 36 structural genes and 40 transcription factors associated with the development of annual shoots were highly co-expressed, and eight hub genes involved in this developmental process were identified. Consequently, this study explained the developmental dynamic on the varied annual shoots through multi-omics, providing a theoretical foundation for germplasm innovation and the mechanized harvesting of tree peony annual shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingyan Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Baichen Wang
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zheng'an Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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Hao Q, Yang H, Chen S, Qu Y, Zhang C, Chen L, Cao D, Yuan S, Guo W, Yang Z, Huang Y, Shan Z, Chen H, Zhou X. RNA-Seq and Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Asian Soybean Rust Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Genotypes Provide Insights into Identifying Disease Resistance Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13450. [PMID: 37686258 PMCID: PMC10487414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases that affect soybeans. Developing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and easy strategy for controlling the disease. However, the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to P. pachyrhizi remains limited, which poses a significant challenge in devising effective control strategies. In this study, comparative transcriptomic profiling using one resistant genotype and one susceptible genotype was performed under infected and control conditions to understand the regulatory network operating between soybean and P. pachyrhizi. RNA-Seq analysis identified a total of 6540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were shared by all four genotypes. The DEGs are involved in defense responses, stress responses, stimulus responses, flavonoid metabolism, and biosynthesis after infection with P. pachyrhizi. A total of 25,377 genes were divided into 33 modules using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Two modules were significantly associated with pathogen defense. The DEGs were mainly enriched in RNA processing, plant-type hypersensitive response, negative regulation of cell growth, and a programmed cell death process. In conclusion, these results will provide an important resource for mining resistant genes to P. pachyrhizi infection and valuable resources to potentially pyramid quantitative resistance loci for improving soybean germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Hao
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shuilian Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanhui Qu
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Songli Yuan
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhonglu Yang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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Chen M, Li Y, Lu F, Luterbacher JS, Ralph J. Lignin Hydrogenolysis: Phenolic Monomers from Lignin and Associated Phenolates across Plant Clades. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:10001-10017. [PMID: 37448721 PMCID: PMC10337261 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical complexity of lignin remains a major challenge for lignin valorization into commodity and fine chemicals. A knowledge of the lignin features that favor its valorization and which plants produce such lignins can be used in plant selection or to engineer them to produce lignins that are more ideally suited for conversion. Sixteen biomass samples were compositionally surveyed by NMR and analytical degradative methods, and the yields of phenolic monomers following hydrogenolytic depolymerization were assessed to elucidate the key determinants controlling the depolymerization. Hardwoods, including those incorporating monolignol p-hydroxybenzoates into their syringyl/guaiacyl copolymeric lignins, produced high monomer yields by hydrogenolysis, whereas grasses incorporating monolignol p-coumarates and ferulates gave lower yields, on a lignin basis. Softwoods, with their more condensed guaiacyl lignins, gave the lowest yields. Lignins with a high syringyl unit content released elevated monomer levels, with a high-syringyl polar transgenic being particularly striking. Herein, we distinguish phenolic monomers resulting from the core lignin vs those from pendent phenolate esters associated with the biomass cell wall, acylating either polysaccharides or lignins. The basis for these observations is rationalized as a means to select or engineer biomass for optimal conversion to worthy phenolic monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Yanding Li
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Luterbacher
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - John Ralph
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Li Y, Meng X, Meng R, Cai T, Pu Y, Zhao ZM, Ragauskas AJ. Valorization of homogeneous linear catechyl lignin: opportunities and challenges. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12750-12759. [PMID: 37101533 PMCID: PMC10124587 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01546g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the dominant aromatic renewable polymer on earth. Generally, its complex and heterogeneous structure hinders its high-value utilization. Catechyl lignin (C-lignin), a novel lignin discovered in the seed coats of vanilla and several members of Cactaceae, has received increasing attention due to its unique homogeneous linear structure. Obtaining substantial amounts of C-lignin either by gene regulation or effective isolation is essential to advance C-lignin's valorization. Through a fundamental understanding of the biosynthesis process, genetic engineering to promote the accumulation of C-lignin in certain plants was developed to facilitate C-lignin valorization. Various isolation methods were also developed to isolate C-lignin, among which deep eutectic solvents (DESs) treatment is one of the most promising approaches to fractionate C-lignin from biomass materials. Since C-lignin is composed of homogeneous catechyl units, depolymerization to produce catechol monomers demonstrates a promising way for value-added utilization of C-lignin. Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) represents another emerging technology for effective depolymerizing C-lignin, leading to a narrow distribution of lignin-derived aromatic products (e.g., propyl and propenyl catechol). Meanwhile, the linear molecular structure predisposes C-lignin as a potential promising feedstock for preparing carbon fiber materials. In this review, the biosynthesis of this unique C-lignin in plants is summarized. C-lignin isolation from plants and various depolymerization approaches to obtaining aromatic products are overviewed with highlights on RCF process. Exploring new application areas based on C-lignin's unique homogeneous linear structure is also discussed with its potential for high-value utilization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Wastes Reuse, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Rongqian Meng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Wastes Reuse, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
| | - Ting Cai
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center Hohhot 010010 China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Zhi-Min Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Wastes Reuse, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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Hura T, Hura K, Dziurka K, Ostrowska A, Urban K. Cell dehydration of intergeneric hybrid induces subgenome-related specific responses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13855. [PMID: 36648214 PMCID: PMC10108068 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify subgenome-related specific responses in two types of triticale, that is, of the wheat-dominated genome (WDG) and rye-dominated genome (RDG), to water stress induced in the early phase (tillering) of plant growth. Higher activity of the primary metabolism of carbohydrates is a feature of the WDG type, while the dominance of the rye genome is associated with a higher activity of the secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds in the RDG type. The study analyzed carbohydrates and key enzymes of their synthesis, free phenolic compounds and carbohydrate-related components of the cell wall, monolignols, and shikimic acid (ShA), which is a key link between the primary and secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds. Under water stress, dominance of the wheat genome in the WDG type was manifested by an increased accumulation of the large subunit of Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase and a higher content of raffinose and stachyose compared with the RDG type. In dehydrated RDG plants, higher activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and L-tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), as well as a higher level of ShA, free and cell wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoic acid, free homovanillic acid, free sinapic acid, and cell wall-bound syringic acid can be considered biochemical indicators of the dominance of the rye genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Hura
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
| | - Katarzyna Hura
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture and EconomicsAgricultural UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
| | - Karolina Urban
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
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9
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Mottiar Y, Karlen SD, Goacher RE, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. Metabolic engineering of p-hydroxybenzoate in poplar lignin. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:176-188. [PMID: 36161690 PMCID: PMC9829402 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ester-linked p-hydroxybenzoate occurs naturally in poplar lignin as pendent groups that can be released by mild alkaline hydrolysis. These 'clip-off' phenolics can be separated from biomass and upgraded into diverse high-value bioproducts. We introduced a bacterial chorismate pyruvate lyase gene into transgenic poplar trees with the aim of producing more p-hydroxybenzoate from chorismate, itself a metabolic precursor to lignin. By driving heterologous expression specifically in the plastids of cells undergoing secondary wall formation, this strategy achieved a 50% increase in cell-wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoate in mature wood and nearly 10 times more in developing xylem relative to control trees. Comparable amounts also remained as soluble p-hydroxybenzoate-containing xylem metabolites, pointing to even greater engineering potential. Mass spectrometry imaging showed that the elevated p-hydroxybenzoylation was largely restricted to the cell walls of fibres. Finally, transgenic lines outperformed control trees in assays of saccharification potential. This study highlights the biotech potential of cell-wall-bound phenolate esters and demonstrates the importance of substrate supply in lignin engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
| | - Steven D. Karlen
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
| | - Robyn E. Goacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and PhysicsNiagara UniversityNorth TonawandaNYUSA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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10
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Akhter S, Sami AA, Toma TI, Jahan B, Islam T. Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase gene family in jute: Genome-wide identification, evolutionary progression and transcript profiling under different quandaries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035383. [PMID: 36589126 PMCID: PMC9798919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Jute (Corchorus sp.), is a versatile, naturally occurring, biodegradable material that holds the promising possibility of diminishing the extensive use of plastic bags. One of the major components of the cell wall, lignin plays both positive and negative roles in fiber fineness and quality. Although it gives mechanical strength to plants, an excess amount of it is responsible for the diminution of fiber quality. Among various gene families involved in the lignin biosynthesis, Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is the most significant and has remained mostly unexplored. In this study, an extensive in-silico characterization of the CCoAOMT gene family was carried out in two jute species (C. capsularis L. and C. olitoroius L.) by analyzing their structural, functional, molecular and evolutionary characteristics. A total of 6 CCoAOMT gene members were identified in each of the two species using published reference genomes. These two jute species showed high syntenic conservation and the identified CCoAOMT genes formed four clusters in the phylogenetic tree. Histochemical assay of lignin in both jute species could shed light on the deposition pattern in stems and how it changes in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, expression profiling using qPCR showed considerable alteration of CCoAOMT transcripts under various abiotic stresses and hormonal treatment. This study will lay a base for further analysis and exploration of target candidates for overexpression of gene silencing using modern biotechnological techniques to enhance the quality of this economically important fiber crop.
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11
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De Meester B, Vanholme R, Mota T, Boerjan W. Lignin engineering in forest trees: From gene discovery to field trials. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100465. [PMID: 36307984 PMCID: PMC9700206 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an abundant and renewable feedstock for the production of pulp, fuels, and biobased materials. However, wood is recalcitrant toward deconstruction into cellulose and simple sugars, mainly because of the presence of lignin, an aromatic polymer that shields cell-wall polysaccharides. Hence, numerous research efforts have focused on engineering lignin amount and composition to improve wood processability. Here, we focus on results that have been obtained by engineering the lignin biosynthesis and branching pathways in forest trees to reduce cell-wall recalcitrance, including the introduction of exotic lignin monomers. In addition, we draw general conclusions from over 20 years of field trial research with trees engineered to produce less or altered lignin. We discuss possible causes and solutions for the yield penalty that is often associated with lignin engineering in trees. Finally, we discuss how conventional and new breeding strategies can be combined to develop elite clones with desired lignin properties. We conclude this review with priorities for the development of commercially relevant lignin-engineered trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Meester
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thatiane Mota
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Yi N, Yang H, Zhang X, Pian R, Li H, Zeng W, Wu AM. The physiological and transcriptomic study of secondary growth in Neolamarckia cadamba stimulated by the ethylene precursor ACC. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:35-46. [PMID: 36096025 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Though many biological roles of ethylene have been investigated intensively, the molecular mechanism of ethylene's action in woody plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, on the growth of Neolamarckia cadamba seedlings, a fast-growing tropical tree. After 14 days of ACC treatment, the plants showed a reduced physiological morphology while stem diameter increased; however, this did not occur after the addition of 1-MCP. Meanwhile, the lignin content of N. cadamba also increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes ACC oxidase (ACO) and ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3) were up-regulated mainly at the 6th hour and the 3rd day of the ACC treatment, respectively. The transcription levels of transcription factors, mainly in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), ethylene response factor (ERF), WRKY and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) families, involved in the ethylene signaling and secondary growth also increased significantly. Furthermore, in accordance to the increased lignification of the stem, the transcriptional level of key enzymes in the phenylalanine pathway were elevated after the ACC treatment. Our results revealed the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the secondary growth stimulated by exogenous ACC treatment on N. cadamba seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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13
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Li Y, Xiong W, He F, Qi T, Sun Z, Liu Y, Bai S, Wang H, Wu Z, Fu C. Down-regulation of PvSAMS impairs S-adenosyl-L-methionine and lignin biosynthesis, and improves cell wall digestibility in switchgrass. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4157-4169. [PMID: 35383829 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl- l-methionine (SAM) is the methyl donor involved in the biosynthesis of guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) lignins in vascular plants. SAM is synthesized from methionine through the catalysis of the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS). However, the detailed function of SAMS in lignin biosynthesis has not been widely investigated in plants, particularly in monocot species. In this study, we identified PvSAMS genes from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), an important dual-purpose fodder and biofuel crop, and generated numerous transgenic switchgrass lines through PvSAMS RNA interference technology. Down-regulation of PvSAMS reduced the contents of SAM, G-lignins, and S-lignins in the transgenic switchgrass. The methionine and glucoside derivatives of caffeoyl alcohol were found to accumulate in the transgenic plants. Moreover, down-regulation of PvSAMS in switchgrass resulted in brownish stems associated with reduced lignin content and improved cell wall digestibility. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that most sulfur deficiency-responsive genes were differentially expressed in the transgenic switchgrass, leading to a significant increase in total sulfur content; thus implying an important role of SAMS in the methionine cycle, lignin biosynthesis, and sulfur assimilation. Taken together, our results suggest that SAMS is a valuable target in lignin manipulation, and that manipulation of PvSAMS can simultaneously regulate the biosynthesis of SAM and methylated monolignols in switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wangdan Xiong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Tianxiong Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Honglun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
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14
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Shrestha V, Chhetri HB, Kainer D, Xu Y, Hamilton L, Piasecki C, Wolfe B, Wang X, Saha M, Jacobson D, Millwood RJ, Mazarei M, Stewart CN. The Genetic Architecture of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:893610. [PMID: 35586220 PMCID: PMC9108870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.893610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has immense potential as a bioenergy crop with the aim of producing biofuel as an end goal. Nitrogen (N)-related sustainability traits, such as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen remobilization efficiency (NRE), are important factors affecting switchgrass quality and productivity. Hence, it is imperative to develop nitrogen use-efficient switchgrass accessions by exploring the genetic basis of NUE in switchgrass. For that, we used 331 diverse field-grown switchgrass accessions planted under low and moderate N fertility treatments. We performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) in a holistic manner where we not only considered NUE as a single trait but also used its related phenotypic traits, such as total dry biomass at low N and moderate N, and nitrogen use index, such as NRE. We have evaluated the phenotypic characterization of the NUE and the related traits, highlighted their relationship using correlation analysis, and identified the top ten nitrogen use-efficient switchgrass accessions. Our GWAS analysis identified 19 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 32 candidate genes. Two promising GWAS candidate genes, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) and alfin-like 6 (AL6), were further supported by linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Finally, we discussed the potential role of nitrogen in modulating the expression of these two genes. Our findings have opened avenues for the development of improved nitrogen use-efficient switchgrass lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Shrestha
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Hari B. Chhetri
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - David Kainer
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Lance Hamilton
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Ben Wolfe
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Malay Saha
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Reginald J. Millwood
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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15
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Wang Q, Gong X, Xie Z, Qi K, Yuan K, Jiao Y, Pan Q, Zhang S, Shiratake K, Tao S. Cryptochrome-mediated blue-light signal contributes to lignin biosynthesis in stone cells in pear fruit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111211. [PMID: 35351300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light environment is an indispensable factor that regulates multitudinous developmental processes during the whole life cycle of plants, including fruit development. Stone cells which negatively influence pear fruit quality because of their strongly lignified cell wall are also affected by light, however, how light qualities influence lignin biosynthesis in pear remains unclear. Here, the calli of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) treated with different lights were used to explore the changes in phenotype, lignin content, and H2O2 content, coupled with RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to investigate the possible regulation pathway of light on lignin biosynthesis in stone cells. Results showed that blue light increased the expression of lignin structure genes and promoted lignin accumulation. Besides, four blue light receptors cryptochromes (CRYs) were identified in white pear, named PbCRY1a (Pbr024556.1), PbCRY1b (Pbr001636.3), PbCRY2a (Pbr023037.1), and PbCRY2b (Pbr002655.4). qRT-PCR analysis showed that PbCRY1a is highly expressed in cultivars with a high content of stone cells. Furthermore, the molecular function of PbCRY1a on stone cell formation in pear fruit was demonstrated by genetic transformation of pear calli and Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression in pear fruitlets. Co-expression network analyses with RNA-seq data showed that 8 MYB and 5 NAC genes were classified into different co-expression clusters with lignin biosynthesis genes under blue light conditions. These results indicate that CRY-mediated blue-light signal plays an important role in cell wall lignification and promotes the formation of stone cells in pear by regulating downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaili Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuru Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Shutian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Yin Y, Wang C, Xiao D, Liang Y, Wang Y. Advances and Perspectives of Transgenic Technology and Biotechnological Application in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786328. [PMID: 34917116 PMCID: PMC8669725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology is increasingly used in forest-tree breeding to overcome the disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, such as a long breeding cycle, complex cultivation environment, and complicated procedures. By introducing exogenous DNA, genes tightly related or contributed to ideal traits-including insect, disease, and herbicide resistance-were transferred into diverse forest trees, and genetically modified (GM) trees including poplars were cultivated. It is beneficial to develop new varieties of GM trees of high quality and promote the genetic improvement of forests. However, the low transformation efficiency has hampered the cultivation of GM trees and the identification of the molecular genetic mechanism in forest trees compared to annual herbaceous plants such as Oryza sativa. In this study, we reviewed advances in transgenic technology of forest trees, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages of diverse genetic transformation methods, and their application for trait improvement. The review provides insight into the establishment and improvement of genetic transformation systems for forest tree species. Challenges and perspectives pertaining to the genetic transformation of forest trees are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhao Y, Yu X, Lam PY, Zhang K, Tobimatsu Y, Liu CJ. Monolignol acyltransferase for lignin p-hydroxybenzoylation in Populus. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1288-1300. [PMID: 34354261 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant lignification exhibits notable plasticity. Lignin in many species, including Populus spp., has long been known to be decorated with p-hydroxybenzoates. However, the molecular basis for such structural modification remains undetermined. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a Populus BAHD family acyltransferase that catalyses monolignol p-hydroxybenzoylation, thus controlling the formation of p-hydroxybenzoylated lignin structures. We reveal that Populus acyltransferase PHBMT1 kinetically preferentially uses p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA to acylate syringyl lignin monomer sinapyl alcohol in vitro. Consistently, disrupting PHBMT1 in Populus via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing nearly completely depletes p-hydroxybenzoates of stem lignin; conversely, overexpression of PHBMT1 enhances stem lignin p-hydroxybenzoylation, suggesting PHBMT1 functions as a prime monolignol p-hydroxybenzoyltransferase in planta. Altering lignin p-hydroxybenzoylation substantially changes the lignin solvent dissolution rate, indicative of its structural significance on lignin physiochemical properties. Identification of monolignol p-hydroxybenzoyltransferase offers a valuable tool for tailoring lignin structure and physiochemical properties and for engineering the industrially important platform chemical in woody biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Zhao
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pui-Ying Lam
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Japan
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, P. R. China
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Japan
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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18
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Genome Identification and Expression Profiles in Response to Nitrogen Treatment Analysis of the Class I CCoAOMT Gene Family in Populus. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:656-675. [PMID: 34410559 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is essential for the characteristics and quality of timber. Nitrogen has significant effects on lignin contents in plants. Nitrogen has been found to affect wood quality in plantations and lignin content in plants. Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is an important methyltransferase in lignin biosynthesis. However, the classification of woody plant CCoAOMT gene family members and the regulation mechanism of nitrogen are not clear. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the members, classification, and transcriptional distribution of the CCoAOMT gene family in Populus trichocarpa. The results showed that there were five PtCCoAOMTs identified, and they could be divided into three sub-groups according to their structural and phylogenetic features. The results of tissue expression specificity analysis showed that: PtCCoAOMT1 was highly expressed in roots and internodes; PtCCoAOMT2 was highly expressed in roots, nodes, and internodes, PtCCoAOMT3 was highly expressed in stems; PtCCoAOMT4 was highly expressed in young leaves, and, PtCCoAOMT5 was highly expressed in roots. Different forms and concentrations of nitrogen had varying effects on the expression patterns of genes in different plant tissue types. The results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of PtCCoAOMT1 and PtCCoAOMT2 in stems increased significantly under different forms of nitrogen. PtCCoAOMT3 and PtCCoAOMT4 were induced by nitrate nitrogen in upper stems and lower leaves, respectively. PtCCoAOMT4 and PtCCoAOMT5 were induced by different concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in lower stems and roots, respectively. These results could provide valuable information for revealing the differences between functions and expression patterns of the various CCoAOMT gene family members under different forms and concentrations of exogenous nitrogen in poplar.
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de Vries L, Guevara-Rozo S, Cho M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Mansfield SD. Tailoring renewable materials via plant biotechnology. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:167. [PMID: 34353358 PMCID: PMC8344217 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants inherently display a rich diversity in cell wall chemistry, as they synthesize an array of polysaccharides along with lignin, a polyphenolic that can vary dramatically in subunit composition and interunit linkage complexity. These same cell wall chemical constituents play essential roles in our society, having been isolated by a variety of evolving industrial processes and employed in the production of an array of commodity products to which humans are reliant. However, these polymers are inherently synthesized and intricately packaged into complex structures that facilitate plant survival and adaptation to local biogeoclimatic regions and stresses, not for ease of deconstruction and commercial product development. Herein, we describe evolving techniques and strategies for altering the metabolic pathways related to plant cell wall biosynthesis, and highlight the resulting impact on chemistry, architecture, and polymer interactions. Furthermore, this review illustrates how these unique targeted cell wall modifications could significantly extend the number, diversity, and value of products generated in existing and emerging biorefineries. These modifications can further target the ability for processing of engineered wood into advanced high performance materials. In doing so, we attempt to illuminate the complex connection on how polymer chemistry and structure can be tailored to advance renewable material applications, using all the chemical constituents of plant-derived biopolymers, including pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA
| | - Sydne Guevara-Rozo
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - MiJung Cho
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA.
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20
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Xiao S, Hu Q, Shen J, Liu S, Yang Z, Chen K, Klosterman SJ, Javornik B, Zhang X, Zhu L. GhMYB4 downregulates lignin biosynthesis and enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:735-751. [PMID: 33638657 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
GhMYB4 acts as a negative regulator in lignin biosynthesis, which results in alteration of cell wall integrity and activation of cotton defense response. Verticillium wilt of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) represents one of the most important constraints of cotton production worldwide. Mining of the genes involved in disease resistance and illuminating the molecular mechanisms that underlie this resistance is of great importance in cotton breeding programs. Defense-induced lignification in plants is necessary for innate immunity, and there are reports of a correlation between increased lignification and disease resistance. In this study, we present an example in cotton whereby plants with reduced lignin content also exhibit enhanced disease resistance. We identified a negative regulator of lignin synthesis, in cotton encoded in GhMYB4. Overexpression of GhMYB4 in cotton and Arabidopsis enhanced resistance to V. dahliae with reduced lignin deposition. Moreover, GhMYB4 could bind the promoters of several genes involved in lignin synthesis, such as GhC4H-1, GhC4H-2, Gh4CL-4, and GhCAD-3, and impair their expression. The reduction of lignin content in GhMYB4-overexpressing cotton led to alterations of cell wall integrity (CWI) and released more oligogalacturonides (OGs) which may act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to stimulate plant defense responses. In support of this hypothesis, exogenous application with polygalacturonic acid (PGA) in cotton activated biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-mediated defense against V. dahliae, similar to that described for cotton plants overexpressing GhMYB4. This study provides a new candidate gene for cotton disease-resistant breeding and an increased understanding of the relationship between lignin synthesis, OG release, and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jili Shen
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Branka Javornik
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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21
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Lin SJ, Yang YZ, Teng RM, Liu H, Li H, Zhuang J. Identification and expression analysis of caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase family genes related to lignin biosynthesis in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:115-127. [PMID: 32929631 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant, an economically important crop, is used in producing tea, which is a non-alcoholic beverage. Lignin, the second most abundant component of the cell wall, reduces the tenderness of tea leaves and affects tea quality. Caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) involved in lignin biosynthesis affects the efficiency of lignin synthesis and lignin composition. A total of 10 CsCCoAOMTs were identified based on tea plant genome. Systematic analysis of CCoAOMTs was conducted for its physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structure, and promoter cis-element prediction. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all the CsCCoAOMT proteins can be categorized into three clades. The promoters of six CsCCoAOMT genes possessed lignin-specific cis-elements, indicating they are possibly essential for lignin biosynthesis. According to the distinct tempo-spatial expression profiles, five genes were substantially expressed in eight tested tissues. Most CsCCoAOMT genes were expressed in stems and leaves in three tea plant cultivars 'Longjing 43,' 'Anjibaicha,' and 'Fudingdabai' by RT-qPCR detection and analysis. The expression levels of two genes (CsCCoAOMT5 and CsCCoAOMT6) were higher than those of the other genes. The expression levels of most CsCCoAOMT genes in 'Longjing 43' were significantly higher than that those in 'Anjibaicha' and 'Fudingdabai.' Correlation analysis revealed that only the expression levels of CsCCoAOMT6 were positively correlated with lignin content in the leaves and stems. These results lay a foundation for the future exploration of the roles of CsCCoAOMTs in lignin biosynthesis in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jia Lin
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Fu Y, Zhu Y, Yang W, Xu W, Li Q, Chen M, Yang L. Isolation and functional identification of a Botrytis cinerea-responsive caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene from Lilium regale wilson. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:379-389. [PMID: 33197727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plants, genes involved in the Phenylpropanoid/monolignol pathway play important roles in lignin biosynthesis and plant immunity. However, their biological function in Lilium remains poorly characterized. Comparative RNA sequencing of the expression profiles of the monolignol pathway genes from fungi-resistant species Lilium regale after inoculation with Botrytis cinerea was performed. One upregulated caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene, LrCCoAOMT, was cloned for functional characterization by reverse genetic methods. LrCCoAOMT encodes a putative protein of 246 amino acids and is highly expressed in stem tissues and responsive to salicylic acid (SA) signaling and B. cinerea infection. LrCCoAOMT was largely directed to the cytoplasm. LrCCoAOMT overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in an increased lignin deposition in vascular tissues and conferred resistance to B. cinerea infection in transgenic plants. Transient transformation of LrCCoAOMT in nonresistant Lilium sargentiae leaves also identified the defense function to B. cinerea. In addition, transcript levels of genes involved in the monolignol and SA-dependent signaling pathways were altered in transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting that LrCCoAOMT might play vital roles in the resistance of L. regale to B. cinerea related to the levels of lignin and the regulation of SA signaling. This is the first report to functionally characterize a CCoAOMT gene in Lilium, a potential molecular target for lily molecular improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Fu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - WenJi Xu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China.
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23
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Behr M, Baldacci-Cresp F, Kohler A, Morreel K, Goeminne G, Van Acker R, Veneault-Fourrey C, Mol A, Pilate G, Boerjan W, de Almeida Engler J, El Jaziri M, Baucher M. Alterations in the phenylpropanoid pathway affect poplar ability for ectomycorrhizal colonisation and susceptibility to root-knot nematodes. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:555-566. [PMID: 32647969 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the alteration of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway on the establishment of the in vitro interaction of poplar roots either with a mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus or with a pathogenic root-knot nematode. Overall, the five studied transgenic lines downregulated for caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) or both COMT and CAD displayed a lower mycorrhizal colonisation percentage, indicating a lower ability for establishing mutualistic interaction than the wild-type. The susceptibility to root-knot nematode infection was variable in the five lines, and the CAD-deficient line was found to be less susceptible than the wild-type. We discuss these phenotypic differences in the light of the large shifts in the metabolic profile and gene expression pattern occurring between roots of the CAD-deficient line and wild-type. A role of genes related to trehalose metabolism, phytohormones, and cell wall construction in the different mycorrhizal symbiosis efficiency and nematode sensitivity between these two lines is suggested. Overall, these results show that the alteration of plant metabolism caused by the repression of a single gene within phenylpropanoid pathway results in significant alterations, at the root level, in the response towards mutualistic and pathogenic associates. These changes may constrain plant fitness and biomass production, which are of economic importance for perennial industrial crops such as poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Behr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRAE Grand-Est-Nancy, INRAE-Université de Lorraine, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Kris Morreel
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Van Acker
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRAE Grand-Est-Nancy, INRAE-Université de Lorraine, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Adeline Mol
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Wout Boerjan
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mondher El Jaziri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
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24
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Wan Y, Zhang M, Hong A, Lan X, Yang H, Liu Y. Transcriptome and weighted correlation network analyses provide insights into inflorescence stem straightness in Paeonia lactiflora. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:239-252. [PMID: 31832900 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lack of structural components results in inflorescence stem bending. Differentially expressed genes involved in lignin and hemicellulose biosynthesis are vital; genes involved in cellulose and glycan biosynthesis are also relevant. An erect inflorescence stem is essential for high-quality cut herbaceous peony flowers. To explore the factors underlying inflorescence stem bending, major cell walls contents were measured, and stem structure was observed in two herbaceous peony varieties with contrasting stem straightness traits ('Da Fugui', upright; 'Chui Touhong', bending). In addition, Illumina sequencing was performed and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to analyze the results. The results showed significant differences in lignin, hemicellulose and soluble sugar contents, sclerenchyma and xylem areas and thickening in cell walls in pith at stage S3, when bending begins. In addition, 44,182 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, and these DEGs were mainly enriched in 36 pathways. Among the DEGs, hub genes involved in lignin, cellulose, and xylan biosynthesis and transcription factors that regulated these process were identified by WGCNA. These results suggested that the contents of compounds that provided cell wall rigidity were vital factors affecting inflorescence stem straightness in herbaceous peony. Genes involved in or regulating the biosynthesis of these compounds are thus important; lignin and hemicellulose are of great interest, and cellulose and glycan should not be ignored. This paper lays a foundation for developing new herbaceous peony varieties suitable for cut flowers by molecular-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiying Hong
- Management Office of Caozhou Peony Garden, Heze, 274000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Yang
- Management Office of Caozhou Peony Garden, Heze, 274000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Yoo CG, Rottmann W, Winkeler KA, Collins CM, Gunter LE, Jawdy SS, Yang X, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ, Tuskan GA, Chen JG. PdWND3A, a wood-associated NAC domain-containing protein, affects lignin biosynthesis and composition in Populus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:486. [PMID: 31711424 PMCID: PMC6849256 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant secondary cell wall is a renewable feedstock for biofuels and biomaterials production. Arabidopsis VASCULAR-RELATED NAC DOMAIN (VND) has been demonstrated to be a key transcription factor regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis. However, less is known about its role in the woody species. RESULTS Here we report the functional characterization of Populus deltoides WOOD-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN protein 3 (PdWND3A), a sequence homolog of Arabidopsis VND4 and VND5 that are members of transcription factor networks regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis. PdWND3A was expressed at higher level in the xylem than in other tissues. The stem tissues of transgenic P. deltoides overexpressing PdWND3A (OXPdWND3A) contained more vessel cells than that of wild-type plants. Furthermore, lignin content and lignin monomer syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) ratio were higher in OXPdWND3A transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. Consistent with these observations, the expression of FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE1 (F5H1), encoding an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sinapyl alcohol (S unit monolignol), was elevated in OXPdWND3A transgenic plants. Saccharification analysis indicated that the rate of sugar release was reduced in the transgenic plants. In addition, OXPdWND3A transgenic plants produced lower amounts of biomass than wild-type plants. CONCLUSIONS PdWND3A affects lignin biosynthesis and composition and negatively impacts sugar release and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongil Yang
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- UT-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | | | | | | | - Lee E. Gunter
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Sara S. Jawdy
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- UT-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- UT-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
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26
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Zhuo C, Rao X, Azad R, Pandey R, Xiao X, Harkelroad A, Wang X, Chen F, Dixon RA. Enzymatic basis for C-lignin monomer biosynthesis in the seed coat of Cleome hassleriana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:506-520. [PMID: 31002459 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
C-lignin is a linear polymer of caffeyl alcohol, found in the seed coats of several exotic plant species, with promising properties for generation of carbon fibers and high value chemicals. In the ornamental plant Cleome hassleriana, guaiacyl (G) lignin is deposited in the seed coat for the first 6-12 days after pollination, after which G-lignin deposition ceases and C-lignin accumulates, providing an excellent model system to study C-lignin biosynthesis. We performed RNA sequencing of seed coats harvested at 2-day intervals throughout development. Bioinformatic analysis identified a complete set of lignin biosynthesis genes for Cleome. Transcript analysis coupled with kinetic analysis of recombinant enzymes in Escherichia coli revealed that the switch to C-lignin formation was accompanied by down-regulation of transcripts encoding functional caffeoyl CoA- and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMT and COMT) and a form of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ChCAD4) with preference for coniferaldehyde as substrate, and up-regulation of a form of CAD (ChCAD5) with preference for caffealdehyde. Based on these analyses, blockage of lignin monomer methylation by down-regulation of both O-methyltransferases (OMTs) and methionine synthase (for provision of C1 units) appears to be the major factor in diversion of flux to C-lignin in the Cleome seed coat, although the change in CAD specificity also contributes based on the reduction of C-lignin levels in transgenic Cleome with down-regulation of ChCAD5. Structure modeling and mutational analysis identified amino acid residues important for the preference of ChCAD5 for caffealdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Zhuo
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolan Rao
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Rajeev Azad
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Pandey
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Xirong Xiao
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Harkelroad
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TX, USA
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Chanoca A, de Vries L, Boerjan W. Lignin Engineering in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:912. [PMID: 31404271 PMCID: PMC6671871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wood is a renewable resource that is mainly composed of lignin and cell wall polysaccharides. The polysaccharide fraction is valuable as it can be converted into pulp and paper, or into fermentable sugars. On the other hand, the lignin fraction is increasingly being considered a valuable source of aromatic building blocks for the chemical industry. The presence of lignin in wood is one of the major recalcitrance factors in woody biomass processing, necessitating the need for harsh chemical treatments to degrade and extract it prior to the valorization of the cell wall polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose. Over the past years, large research efforts have been devoted to engineering lignin amount and composition to reduce biomass recalcitrance toward chemical processing. We review the efforts made in forest trees, and compare results from greenhouse and field trials. Furthermore, we address the value and potential of CRISPR-based gene editing in lignin engineering and its integration in tree breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chanoca
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Teng RM, Wu ZJ, Ma HY, Wang YX, Zhuang J. Differentially Expressed Protein Are Involved in Dynamic Changes of Catechins Contents in Postharvest Tea Leaves under Different Temperatures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7547-7560. [PMID: 31192593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology were used to investigate three samples from postharvest tea leaves that were treated at room temperature (25 °C, control group), high temperature (38 °C), and low temperature (4 °C) for 4 h. In heat and cold treatments, a total of 635 and 566 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were determined, respectively. DEPs were annotated to GO and KEGG databases, which revealed that DEPs involved in various aspects of biological process. Three catechins-related DEPs, CsCHI, CsF3H, and CsANR, were identified. Both catechins contents and the expression profiles of catechins biosynthesis-related genes changed significantly under different temperature treatments. The correlations between catechins contents, gene expression profiles, and DEPs were analyzed. This study provides potential new insights into the molecular basis for tea production of postharvest leaves and catechins content changes at diverse temperature conditions and will guide the improvement of tea-processing technology.
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Cao A, Butrón A, Malvar RA, Figueroa-Garrido D, Santiago R. Effect of Long-Term Feeding by Borers on the Antibiotic Properties of Corn Stems. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1439-1446. [PMID: 30834938 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant long-term response against chewing insects could become stronger than initial reactions and even turn into systemic. The objectives of the present study were 1) to evaluate whether the long-running attack to the stem by corn borers can improve the stem antibiotic properties; 2) to check whether hydroxycinnamic acids could be involved in this antibiotic response; 3) and to check whether elicitation by Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) regurgitant could activate long-term plant responses. In this sense, we observed that long-term feeding by S. nonagrioides larvae induced genotype-dependent changes in stem antibiosis and phenolic profiles, but the hydroxycinnamate content does not have a significant role in the systemic defense induced by the attack. In addition, response to long-term feeding by larvae could not be fully mimicked by elicitation using S. nonagrioides regurgitant alone. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that 'long-term' attack to the stem by corn borers can increase the stem antibiotic properties, and this has to be considered attending to breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cao
- CSIC-Misión Biológica de Galicia, Grupo de Genética y Mejora de Maíz, Pontevedra, España
| | - Ana Butrón
- CSIC-Misión Biológica de Galicia, Grupo de Genética y Mejora de Maíz, Pontevedra, España
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- CSIC-Misión Biológica de Galicia, Grupo de Genética y Mejora de Maíz, Pontevedra, España
| | - David Figueroa-Garrido
- Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Biología, Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Unidad Asociada BVE1-UVIGO y Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rogelio Santiago
- Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Biología, Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Unidad Asociada BVE1-UVIGO y Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
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30
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SriBala G, Toraman HE, Symoens S, Déjardin A, Pilate G, Boerjan W, Ronsse F, Van Geem KM, Marin GB. Analytical Py-GC/MS of Genetically Modified Poplar for the Increased Production of Bio-aromatics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:599-610. [PMID: 31080566 PMCID: PMC6502739 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering is a powerful tool to steer bio-oil composition towards the production of speciality chemicals such as guaiacols, syringols, phenols, and vanillin through well-defined biomass feedstocks. Our previous work demonstrated the effects of lignin biosynthesis gene modification on the pyrolysis vapour compositions obtained from wood derived from greenhouse-grown poplars. In this study, field-grown poplars downregulated in the genes encoding CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD), CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (COMT) and CAFFEOYL-CoA O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (CCoAOMT), and their corresponding wild type were pyrolysed in a Py-GC/MS. This work aims at capturing the effects of downregulation of the three enzymes on bio-oil composition using principal component analysis (PCA). 3,5-methoxytoluene, vanillin, coniferyl alcohol, 4-vinyl guaiacol, syringol, syringaldehyde, and guaiacol are the determining factors in the PCA analysis that are the substantially affected by COMT, CAD and CCoAOMT enzyme downregulation. COMT and CAD downregulated transgenic lines proved to be statistically different from the wild type because of a substantial difference in S and G lignin units. The sCAD line lead to a significant drop (nearly 51%) in S-lignin derived compounds, while CCoAOMT downregulation affected the least (7–11%). Further, removal of extractives via pretreatment enhanced the statistical differences among the CAD transgenic lines and its wild type. On the other hand, COMT downregulation caused 2-fold reduction in S-derived compounds compared to G-derived compounds. This study manifests the applicability of PCA analysis in tracking the biological changes in biomass (poplar in this case) and their effects on pyrolysis-oil compositions.
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Key Words
- Analytical fast pyrolysis
- C, Holocellulose
- CAD, CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE
- CCoAOMT, CAFFEOYL-CoA O-METHYLTRANSFERASE
- COMT, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE
- G, Guaiacyl units
- GC, Gas chromatography
- Genetically modified poplar
- H, p-hydroxyphenyl units
- L, Lignin-derived aromatic compounds
- L-G, Guaiacyl lignin-derived compounds
- L-H, p-Hydroxyphenyl lignin-derived compounds
- L-S, Syringyl lignin-derived compounds
- Lignin
- MD, Mahalanobis distance
- MS, Mass spectroscopy
- PC, Principal component
- Phenolic compounds
- Principal component analysis
- Py, Micropyrolysis or micropyrolyzer
- S, Syringyl units
- as, Antisense line
- s, Sense line
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorugantu SriBala
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilal Ezgi Toraman
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Symoens
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annabelle Déjardin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche 0588, Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, 45075 Orléans, France
| | - Gilles Pilate
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche 0588, Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, 45075 Orléans, France
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Ghent University, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin M Van Geem
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy B Marin
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Xie H, Engle NL, Venketachalam S, Yoo CG, Barros J, Lecoultre M, Howard N, Li G, Sun L, Srivastava AC, Pattathil S, Pu Y, Hahn MG, Ragauskas AJ, Nelson RS, Dixon RA, Tschaplinski TJ, Blancaflor EB, Tang Y. Combining loss of function of FOLYLPOLYGLUTAMATE SYNTHETASE1 and CAFFEOYL- COA 3- O- METHYLTRANSFERASE1 for lignin reduction and improved saccharification efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:108. [PMID: 31073332 PMCID: PMC6498598 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Downregulation of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and related biochemical pathways has been used as a strategy to improve biofuel production. Plant C1 metabolism provides the methyl units used for the methylation reactions carried out by two methyltransferases in the lignin biosynthetic pathway: caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT). Mutations in these genes resulted in lower lignin levels and altered lignin compositions. Reduced lignin levels can also be achieved by mutations in the C1 pathway gene, folylpolyglutamate synthetase1 (FPGS1), in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, indicating a link between the C1 and lignin biosynthetic pathways. To test if lignin content can be further reduced by combining genetic mutations in C1 metabolism and the lignin biosynthetic pathway, fpgs1ccoaomt1 double mutants were generated and functionally characterized. RESULTS Double fpgs1ccoaomt1 mutants had lower thioacidolysis lignin monomer yield and acetyl bromide lignin content than the ccoaomt1 or fpgs1 mutants and the plants themselves displayed no obvious long-term negative growth phenotypes. Moreover, extracts from the double mutants had dramatically improved enzymatic polysaccharide hydrolysis efficiencies than the single mutants: 15.1% and 20.7% higher than ccoaomt1 and fpgs1, respectively. The reduced lignin and improved sugar release of fpgs1ccoaomt1 was coupled with changes in cell-wall composition, metabolite profiles, and changes in expression of genes involved in cell-wall and lignin biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our observations demonstrate that additional reduction in lignin content and improved sugar release can be achieved by simultaneous downregulation of a gene in the C1 (FPGS1) and lignin biosynthetic (CCOAOMT) pathways. These improvements in sugar accessibility were achieved without introducing unwanted long-term plant growth and developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Xie
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Sivasankari Venketachalam
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Jaime Barros
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Mitch Lecoultre
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Nikki Howard
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Guifen Li
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Avinash C. Srivastava
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Michael G. Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Richard S. Nelson
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Richard A. Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Elison B. Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
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Zhang XS, Ni R, Wang PY, Zhu TT, Sun CJ, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Isolation and functional characterization of two Caffeoyl Coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferases from the fern species Polypodiodes amoena. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:169-177. [PMID: 30685696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoyl Coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to a hydroxyl moiety. CCoAOMTs are important for the synthesis of lignin, which provides much of the rigidity required by tracheophytes to enable the long distance transport of water. So far, no CCoAOMTs has been characterized from the ancient tracheophytes ferns. Here, two genes, each encoding a CCoAOMT (and hence denoted PaCCoAOMT1 and PaCCoAOMT2), were isolated from the fern species Polypodiodes amoena. Sequence comparisons confirmed that the product of each gene resembled enzymes known to be associated with lignin synthesis in higher plants. When either of the genes was heterologously expressed in E. coli, the resulting recombinant protein was able to methylate caffeoyl CoA, along with a number of phenylpropanoids, flavones and flavonols containing two vicinal hydroxyl groups. Their in vitro conversion rate when presented with either caffeoyl CoA or certain flavonoids as substrate was comparable with that of the Medicago sativa MsCCoAOMT. Their constitutive expression in Arabidopsis thaliana boosted the plants' lignin content, but did not affect that of methylated flavonols, indicating that both PaCCoAOMTs contributed to lignin synthesis and that neither was able to methylate flavonols in planta. The transient expression of a PaCCoAOMT-GFP fusion gene in tobacco demonstrated that in planta, PaCCoAOMTs are likely directed to the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Piao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Soundararajan P, Won SY, Kim JS. Insight on Rosaceae Family with Genome Sequencing and Functional Genomics Perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7519687. [PMID: 30911547 PMCID: PMC6399558 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7519687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rosaceae is one of the important families possessing a variety of diversified plant species. It includes many economically valuable crops that provide nutritional and health benefits for the human. Whole genome sequences of valuable crop plants were released in recent years. Understanding of genomics helps to decipher the plant physiology and developmental process. With the information of cultivating species and its wild relative genomes, genome sequence-based molecular markers and mapping loci for economically important traits can be used to accelerate the genome assisted breeding. Identification and characterization of disease resistant capacities and abiotic stress tolerance related genes are feasible to study across species with genome information. Further breeding studies based on the identification of gene loci for aesthetic values, flowering molecular circuit controls, fruit firmness, nonacid fruits, etc. is required for producing new cultivars with valuable traits. This review discusses the whole genome sequencing reports of Malus, Pyrus, Fragaria, Prunus, and Rosa and status of functional genomics of representative traits in individual crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Soundararajan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Won
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
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Gill US, Uppalapati SR, Gallego-Giraldo L, Ishiga Y, Dixon RA, Mysore KS. Metabolic flux towards the (iso)flavonoid pathway in lignin modified alfalfa lines induces resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1997-2007. [PMID: 29047109 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of lignin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is associated with increased availability of cell wall polysaccharides in plant cells. We tested transgenic alfalfa plants downregulated for Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) against an economically important fungal disease of alfalfa, Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis, and found it more resistant to this disease. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the improved disease resistance against Fusarium wilt is due to increased accumulation and/or spillover of flux towards the (iso)flavonoid pathway. Some (iso)flavonoids and their pathway intermediate compounds showed strong accumulation in CCoAOMT downregulated plants after F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis inoculation. The identified (iso)flavonoids, including medicarpin and 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, inhibited the in vitro growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. These results suggested that the increased accumulation and/or shift/spillover of flux towards the (iso)flavonoid pathway in CCoAOMT downregulated plants is associated with induced disease resistance.
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Rakoczy M, Femiak I, Alejska M, Figlerowicz M, Podkowinski J. Sorghum CCoAOMT and CCoAOMT-like gene evolution, structure, expression and the role of conserved amino acids in protein activity. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1077-1089. [PMID: 29721721 PMCID: PMC6153501 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum is a crop plant that is grown for seeds, sucrose, forage and biofuel production. In all these applications, lignin is a superfluous component that decreases the efficiency of technological processes. Caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is an enzyme involved in monolignol synthesis that affects the efficiency of lignification and lignin composition. The sorghum genome harbors one CCoAOMT gene and six closely related CCoAOMT-like genes. The structures of four sorghum CCoAOMT-like enzymes suggest that these proteins might methylate caffeoyl coenzyme A and contribute to monolignol synthesis. In this study, two sorghum genes, CCoAOMT and one CCoAOMT-like, were found to be highly expressed in leaves, stems and immature seeds. The promoters of these genes possess clusters of transcription factor-binding sites specific for lignification, and this suggests that they are important for lignification. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one sorghum CCoAOMT-like enzyme is closely related to ancestral cyanobacterial CCoAOMT-like proteins. The remaining CCoAOMT-like enzymes, including the one highly expressed in the leaves and stem, are closely related to CCoAOMT. Genes from these two groups possess different, evolutionarily conserved gene structures. The structure of the sorghum CCoAOMT-like protein from the ancestral clade was modeled and differences between enzymes from the two clades were analyzed. These results facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of genes involved in lignification, and provide valuable data for sorghum improvement through traditional breeding or molecular genetic techniques. The findings suggest that CCoAOMT-like genes might be recruited in lignification and raise questions of the frequency of such functional shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rakoczy
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - I Femiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Alejska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Podkowinski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
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Huang FC, Giri A, Daniilidis M, Sun G, Härtl K, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Structural and Functional Analysis of UGT92G6 Suggests an Evolutionary Link Between Mono- and Disaccharide Glycoside-Forming Transferases. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:857-870. [PMID: 29444327 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation mediated by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) is one of the most common reactions for the biosynthesis of small molecule glycosides. As glycosides have various biological roles, we characterized UGT genes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera). In silico analysis of VvUGT genes that were highly expressed in leaves identified UGT92G6 which showed sequence similarity to both monosaccharide and disaccharide glucoside-forming transferases. The recombinant UGT92G6 glucosylated phenolics, among them caffeic acid, carvacrol, eugenol and raspberry ketone, and also accepted geranyl glucoside and citronellyl glucoside. Thus, UGT92G6 formed mono- and diglucosides in vitro from distinct compounds. The enzyme specificity constant Vmax/Km ratios indicated that UGT92G6 exhibited the highest specificity towards caffeic acid, producing almost equal amounts of the 3- and 4-O-glucoside. Transient overexpression of UGT92G6 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves confirmed the production of caffeoyl glucoside; however, the level of geranyl diglucoside was not elevated upon overexpression of UGT92G6, even after co-expression of genes encoding geraniol synthase and geraniol UGT to provide sufficient precursor. Comparative sequence and 3-D structure analysis identified a sequence motif characteristic for monoglucoside-forming UGTs in UGT92G6, suggesting an evolutionary link between mono- and disaccharide glycoside UGTs. Thus, UGT92G6 functions as a mono- and diglucosyltransferase in vitro, but acts as a caffeoyl glucoside UGT in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Chin Huang
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ashok Giri
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, MS 411 008, India
| | - Melina Daniilidis
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Katja Härtl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Escandón M, Meijón M, Valledor L, Pascual J, Pinto G, Cañal MJ. Metabolome Integrated Analysis of High-Temperature Response in Pinus radiata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:485. [PMID: 29719546 PMCID: PMC5914196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The integrative omics approach is crucial to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature response in non-model species. Based on future scenarios of heat increase, Pinus radiata plants were exposed to a temperature of 40°C for a period of 5 days, including recovered plants (30 days after last exposure to 40°C) in the analysis. The analysis of the metabolome using complementary mass spectrometry techniques (GC-MS and LC-Orbitrap-MS) allowed the reliable quantification of 2,287 metabolites. The analysis of identified metabolites and highlighter metabolic pathways across heat time exposure reveal the dynamism of the metabolome in relation to high-temperature response in P. radiata, identifying the existence of a turning point (on day 3) at which P. radiata plants changed from an initial stress response program (shorter-term response) to an acclimation one (longer-term response). Furthermore, the integration of metabolome and physiological measurements, which cover from the photosynthetic state to hormonal profile, suggests a complex metabolic pathway interaction network related to heat-stress response. Cytokinins (CKs), fatty acid metabolism and flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis were revealed as the most important pathways involved in heat-stress response in P. radiata, with zeatin riboside (ZR) and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) as the key hormones coordinating these multiple and complex interactions. On the other hand, the integrative approach allowed elucidation of crucial metabolic mechanisms involved in heat response in P. radiata, as well as the identification of thermotolerance metabolic biomarkers (L-phenylalanine, hexadecanoic acid, and dihydromyricetin), crucial metabolites which can reschedule the metabolic strategy to adapt to high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Escandón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mónica Escandón, ; María Jesús Cañal,
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Gloria Pinto
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), Oviedo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mónica Escandón, ; María Jesús Cañal,
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Jaini R, Wang P, Dudareva N, Chapple C, Morgan JA. Targeted Metabolomics of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana using Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:267-276. [PMID: 28146307 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phenylpropanoid pathway is a source of a diverse group of compounds derived from phenylalanine, many of which are involved in lignin biosynthesis and serve as precursors for the production of valuable compounds, such as coumarins, flavonoids, and lignans. Consequently, recent efforts have been invested in mechanistically understanding monolignol biosynthesis, making the quantification of these metabolites vital. OBJECTIVE To develop an improved and comprehensive analytical method for (i) extensively profiling, and (ii) accurately quantifiying intermediates of the monolignol biosynthetic network, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system. METHOD A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization was developed to quantify phenylpropanoid metabolites in Arabidopsis wildtype and cinnamoyl CoA reductase1 (CCR1) deficient lines (ccr1). RESULTS Vortexing at high temperatures (65°C) enhanced release of phenylpropanoids, specifically the more hydrophobic compounds. A pH of 5.3 and ammonium acetate buffer concentration of 2.5 mM resulted in an optimal analyte response across standards. Ion suppression was estimated using standard spike recovery studies for accurate quantitation. The optimized method was used to profile Arabidopsis wildtype and ccr1 stems. An increase in hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and a decrease in the hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes and alcohols in ccr1 lines, supports a shift of flux from lignin synthesis to other secondary metabolites and phenylpropanoid derivatives. CONCLUSIONS Compared to existing targeted profiling techniques, our method is capable of quantifying a wider range of intermediates (15 out of 22 in WT Arabidopsis stems) at low in vivo concentrations (~50 pmol/g-FW for certain compounds), while requiring minimal sample preparation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Jaini
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John A Morgan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Unda F, Kim H, Hefer C, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. Altering carbon allocation in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × grandidentata) impacts cell wall growth and development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:865-878. [PMID: 27998032 PMCID: PMC5466441 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Galactinol synthase is a pivotal enzyme involved in the synthesis of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as transport carbohydrates in the phloem, as storage compounds in sink tissues and as soluble metabolites that combat both abiotic and biotic stress in several plant species. Hybrid poplar (Populus alba × grandidentata) overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana GolS3 (AtGolS3) gene showed clear effects on development; the extreme overexpressing lines were stunted and had cell wall traits characteristic of tension wood, whereas lines with only moderate up-regulation grew normally and had moderately altered secondary cell wall composition and ultrastructure. Stem cross-sections of the developing xylem revealed a significant increase in the number of vessels, as well as the clear presence of a G-layer in the fibres. Furthermore, AtGolS3-OE lines possessed higher cellulose and lower lignin contents, an increase in cellulose crystallinity, and significantly altered hemicellulose-derived carbohydrates, notably manifested by their mannose and xylose contents. In addition, the transgenic plants displayed elevated xylem starch content. Transcriptome interrogation of the transgenic plants showed a significant up-regulation of genes involved in the synthesis of myo-inositol, along with genes involved in sucrose degradation. The results suggest that the overexpression of GolS and its product galactinol may serve as a molecular signal that initiates metabolic changes, culminating in a change in cell wall development and potentially the formation of tension wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faride Unda
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteMadisonWIUSA
| | - Charles Hefer
- Biotechnology PlatformAgricultural Research CouncilPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - John Ralph
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteMadisonWIUSA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteMadisonWIUSA
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Yadav R, Yadav N, Goutam U, Kumar S, Chaudhury A. Genetic Engineering of Poplar: Current Achievements and Future Goals. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY: RECENT ADVANCEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS 2017:361-390. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4732-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Function Analysis of Caffeoyl-CoA O-Methyltransferase for Biosynthesis of Lignin and Phenolic Acid in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:562-572. [PMID: 27613617 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we cloned a full-length cDNA and the genomic DNA sequence of SmCCoAOMT (GenBank ID JQ007585) from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The 744-bp open-reading frame encodes a protein of 247 amino acids that shares 95 % similarity with one in Vitis vinifera. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that SmCCoAOMT is most highly expressed in the stems and can be induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and XC-1 treatment. To evaluate its function in vivo, we generated RNA interference transgenic plants through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. Compared with untransformed control plants, the transgenics had significantly less lignin and the expression of lignin-biosynthetic genes SmCCR and SmCOMT was depressed. In 90-day-old roots from plants of transgenic line M5, accumulations of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B (Sal B) were greatly reduced by 0.89- and 0.69-fold, respectively. This low-Sal B phenotype was stable in the roots, with the level of accumulation being approximately 43.58 mg g-1 dry weight, which was 52 % of the amount measured in the untransformed control. Our results suggest that SmCCoAOMT is involved in lignin biosynthesis and affects the accumulation of phenolic acids. This study also provides potential guidance for using lignin-related genes to genetically engineer Salvia miltiorrhiza.
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Itoh N, Iwata C, Toda H. Molecular cloning and characterization of a flavonoid-O-methyltransferase with broad substrate specificity and regioselectivity from Citrus depressa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:180. [PMID: 27549218 PMCID: PMC4994406 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that play significant roles in plant cells. In particular, polymethoxy flavonoids (PMFs), including nobiletin, have been reported to exhibit various health-supporting properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pathogenic properties. However, it is difficult to utilize PMFs for medicinal and dietary use because plant cells contain small amounts of these compounds. Biosynthesis of PMFs in plant cells is carried out by the methylation of hydroxyl groups of flavonoids by O-methyltransferases (FOMT), and many kinds of FOMTs with different levels of substrate specificity and regioselectivity are cooperatively involved in this biosynthesis. RESULTS In this study, we isolated five genes encoding FOMT (CdFOMT1, 3, 4, 5, and 6) from Citrus depressa, which is known to accumulate nobiletin in the peels of its fruits. The genes encoded Mg(2+)-independent O-methyltransferases and showed high amino acid sequence similarity (60-95 %) with higher plant flavonoid O-methyltransferases. One of these genes is CdFOMT5, which was successfully expressed as a soluble homodimer enzyme in Escherichia coli. The molecular mass of the recombinant CdFOMT5 subunit was 42.0 kDa including a 6× histidine tag. The enzyme exhibited O-methyltransferase activity for quercetin, naringenin, (-)-epicatechin, and equol using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor, and its optimal pH and temperature were pH 7.0 and 45 °C, respectively. The recombinant CdFOMT5 demonstrated methylation activity for the 3-, 5-, 6-, and 7-hydroxyl groups of flavones, and 3,3',5,7-tetra-O-methylated quercetin was synthesized from quercetin as a final product of the whole cell reaction system. Thus, CdFOMT5 is a O-methyltransferase possessing a broad range of substrate specificity and regioselectivity for flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS Five FOMT genes were isolated from C. depressa, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. CdFOMT5 was successfully expressed in E. coli cells, and the enzymatic properties of the recombinant protein were characterized. Recombinant CdFOMT5 indicated O-methyltransferase activity for many flavonoids and a broad regioselectivity for quercetin as a substrate. Whole-cell biocatalysis using CdFOMT5 expressed in E. coli cells was performed using quercetin as a substrate, and 3,3',5,7-tetramethylated quercetin was obtained as the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Itoh
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398 Japan
| | - Chisa Iwata
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toda
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398 Japan
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Plasencia A, Soler M, Dupas A, Ladouce N, Silva-Martins G, Martinez Y, Lapierre C, Franche C, Truchet I, Grima-Pettenati J. Eucalyptus hairy roots, a fast, efficient and versatile tool to explore function and expression of genes involved in wood formation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1381-93. [PMID: 26579999 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus are of tremendous economic importance being the most planted hardwoods worldwide for pulp and paper, timber and bioenergy. The recent release of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence pointed out many new candidate genes potentially involved in secondary growth, wood formation or lineage-specific biosynthetic pathways. Their functional characterization is, however, hindered by the tedious, time-consuming and inefficient transformation systems available hitherto for eucalypts. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fast, reliable and efficient protocol to obtain and easily detect co-transformed E. grandis hairy roots using fluorescent markers, with an average efficiency of 62%. We set up conditions both to cultivate excised roots in vitro and to harden composite plants and verified that hairy root morphology and vascular system anatomy were similar to wild-type ones. We further demonstrated that co-transformed hairy roots are suitable for medium-throughput functional studies enabling, for instance, protein subcellular localization, gene expression patterns through RT-qPCR and promoter expression, as well as the modulation of endogenous gene expression. Down-regulation of the Eucalyptus cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1 (EgCCR1) gene, encoding a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, led to transgenic roots with reduced lignin levels and thinner cell walls. This gene was used as a proof of concept to demonstrate that the function of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation can be elucidated in transgenic hairy roots using histochemical, transcriptomic and biochemical approaches. The method described here is timely because it will accelerate gene mining of the genome for both basic research and industry purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plasencia
- UMR5546, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University-CNRS, Plant Research Laboratory (LRSV), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Marçal Soler
- UMR5546, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University-CNRS, Plant Research Laboratory (LRSV), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Annabelle Dupas
- UMR5546, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University-CNRS, Plant Research Laboratory (LRSV), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Ladouce
- UMR5546, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University-CNRS, Plant Research Laboratory (LRSV), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Guilherme Silva-Martins
- UMR5546, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University-CNRS, Plant Research Laboratory (LRSV), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Yves Martinez
- FRAIB, CNRS, Cell Imaging Plateform, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | | | - Isabelle Truchet
- UMR5546, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University-CNRS, Plant Research Laboratory (LRSV), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- UMR5546, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University-CNRS, Plant Research Laboratory (LRSV), Castanet Tolosan, France
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Toraman HE, Vanholme R, Borén E, Vanwonterghem Y, Djokic MR, Yildiz G, Ronsse F, Prins W, Boerjan W, Van Geem KM, Marin GB. Potential of genetically engineered hybrid poplar for pyrolytic production of bio-based phenolic compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:229-236. [PMID: 26890798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wild-type and two genetically engineered hybrid poplar lines were pyrolyzed in a micro-pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and a bench scale setup for fast and intermediate pyrolysis studies. Principal component analysis showed that the pyrolysis vapors obtained by micro-pyrolysis from wood of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) down-regulated poplar trees differed significantly from the pyrolysis vapors obtained from non-transgenic control trees. Both fast micro-pyrolysis and intermediate pyrolysis of transgenic hybrid poplars showed that down-regulation of COMT can enhance the relative yield of guaiacyl lignin-derived products, while the relative yield of syringyl lignin-derived products was up to a factor 3 lower. This study indicates that lignin engineering via genetic modifications of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and monolignol biosynthetic pathways can help to steer the pyrolytic production of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin-derived phenolic compounds such as guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, syringol, 4-vinylsyringol, and syringaldehyde present in the bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal E Toraman
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Borén
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Umeå University, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yumi Vanwonterghem
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marko R Djokic
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guray Yildiz
- Ghent University, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Ghent University, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wolter Prins
- Ghent University, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin M Van Geem
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Guy B Marin
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Giordano D, Provenzano S, Ferrandino A, Vitali M, Pagliarani C, Roman F, Cardinale F, Castellarin SD, Schubert A. Characterization of a multifunctional caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase activated in grape berries upon drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:23-32. [PMID: 26851572 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress affects anthocyanin accumulation and modification in vegetative and reproductive plant tissues. Anthocyanins are the most abundant flavonoids in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) coloured berry genotypes and are essential markers of grape winemaking quality. They are mostly mono- and di-methylated, such modifications increase their stability and improve berry quality for winemaking. Anthocyanin methylation in grape berries is induced by drought stress. A few caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs) active on anthocyanins have been described in grape. However, no drought-activated O-methyltransferases have been described in grape berries yet. In this study, we characterized VvCCoAOMT, a grapevine gene known to induce methylation of CoA esters in cultured grape cells. Transcript accumulation of VvCCoAOMT was detected in berry skins, and increased during berry ripening on the plant, and in cultured berries treated with ABA, concomitantly with accumulation of methylated anthocyanins, suggesting that anthocyanins may be substrates of this enzyme. Contrary as previously observed in cell cultures, biotic stress (Botrytis cinerea inoculation) did not affect VvCCoAOMT gene expression in leaves or berries, while drought stress increased VvCCoAOMT transcript in berries. The recombinant VvCCoAOMT protein showed in vitro methylating activity on cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. We conclude that VvCCoAOMT is a multifunctional O-methyltransferase that may contribute to anthocyanin methylation activity in grape berries, in particular under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Giordano
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Sofia Provenzano
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Marco Vitali
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Federica Roman
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- The University of British Columbia Wine Research Centre, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrea Schubert
- University of Turin, Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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Bewg WP, Poovaiah C, Lan W, Ralph J, Coleman HD. RNAi downregulation of three key lignin genes in sugarcane improves glucose release without reduction in sugar production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:270. [PMID: 28031745 PMCID: PMC5168864 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane is a subtropical crop that produces large amounts of biomass annually. It is a key agricultural crop in many countries for the production of sugar and other products. Residual bagasse following sucrose extraction is currently underutilized and it has potential as a carbohydrate source for the production of biofuels. As with all lignocellulosic crops, lignin acts as a barrier to accessing the polysaccharides, and as such, is the focus of transgenic efforts. In this study, we used RNAi to individually reduce the expression of three key genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in sugarcane. These genes, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), impact lignin content and/or composition. RESULTS For each RNAi construct, we selected three events for further analysis based on qRT-PCR results. For the CCoAOMT lines, there were no lines with a reduction in lignin content and only one line showed improved glucose release. For F5H, no lines had reduced lignin, but one line had a significant increase in glucose release. For COMT, one line had reduced lignin content, and this line and another released higher levels of glucose during enzymatic hydrolysis. Two of the lines with improved glucose release (F5H-2 and COMT-2) also had reduced S:G ratios. CONCLUSIONS Along with improvements in bagasse quality for the production of lignocellulosic-based fuels, there was only one line with reduction in juice sucrose extraction, and three lines with significantly improved sucrose production, providing evidence that the alteration of sugarcane for improved lignocellulosic ethanol production can be achieved without negatively impacting sugar production and perhaps even enhancing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Bewg
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | | | - Wu Lan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA ; US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726 USA
| | - John Ralph
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726 USA ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726 USA
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Amore A, Ciesielski PN, Lin CY, Salvachúa D, Sànchez i Nogué V. Development of Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Technologies: Recent Advances and Current Challenges. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments of the biorefinery concept are described within this review, which focuses on the efforts required to make the lignocellulosic biorefinery a sustainable and economically viable reality. Despite the major research and development endeavours directed towards this goal over the past several decades, the integrated production of biofuel and other bio-based products still needs to be optimized from both technical and economical perspectives. This review will highlight recent progress towards the optimization of the major biorefinery processes, including biomass pretreatment and fractionation, saccharification of sugars, and conversion of sugars and lignin into fuels and chemical precursors. In addition, advances in genetic modification of biomass structure and composition for the purpose of enhancing the efficacy of conversion processes, which is emerging as a powerful tool for tailoring biomass fated for the biorefinery, will be overviewed. The continual improvement of these processes and their integration in the format of a modern biorefinery is paving the way for a sustainable bio-economy which will displace large portions of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals with renewable substitutes.
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Ma QH, Luo HR. Biochemical characterization of caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase from wheat. PLANTA 2015; 242:113-22. [PMID: 25854602 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
TaCCoAOMT1 is located in wheat chromosome 7A and highly expressed in stem and root. It is important for lignin biosynthesis, and associated with stem maturity but not lodging resistance. Caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs) are one important class of enzymes to carry out the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the hydroxyl group, and play important roles in lignin and flavonoids biosynthesis. In the present study, sequences for CCoAOMT from the wheat genome were analyzed. One wheat CCoAOMT that belonged to bona fide subclade involved in lignin biosynthesis, namely TaCCoAOMT1, was obtained by the prokaryotic expression in E. coli. The three-dimensional structure prediction showed a highly similar structure of TaCCoAOMT1 with MsCCoAOMT. Recombinant TaCCoAOMT1 protein could only use caffeoyl CoA and 5-hydroxyferuloyl CoA as effective substrates and caffeoyl CoA as the best substrate. TaCCoAOMT1 had a narrow optimal pH and thermal stability. The TaCCoAOMT1 gene was highly expressed in wheat stem and root tissues, paralleled CCoAOMT enzyme activity. TaCCoAOMT1 mRNA abundance and enzyme activity increased linearly with stem maturity, but showed little difference between wheat lodging-resistant (H4546) and lodging-sensitive (C6001) cultivars in elongation, heading and milky stages. These data suggest that TaCCoAOMT1 is an important CCoAOMT for lignin biosynthesis that is critical for stem development, but not directly associated with lodging-resistant trait in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China,
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Dima O, Morreel K, Vanholme B, Kim H, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Small glycosylated lignin oligomers are stored in Arabidopsis leaf vacuoles. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:695-710. [PMID: 25700483 PMCID: PMC4558659 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an aromatic polymer derived from the combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals in the cell wall. Recently, various glycosylated lignin oligomers have been revealed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Given that monolignol oxidation and monolignol radical coupling are known to occur in the apoplast, and glycosylation in the cytoplasm, it raises questions about the subcellular localization of glycosylated lignin oligomer biosynthesis and their storage. By metabolite profiling of Arabidopsis leaf vacuoles, we show that the leaf vacuole stores a large number of these small glycosylated lignin oligomers. Their structural variety and the incorporation of alternative monomers, as observed in Arabidopsis mutants with altered monolignol biosynthesis, indicate that they are all formed by combinatorial radical coupling. In contrast to the common believe that combinatorial coupling is restricted to the apoplast, we hypothesized that the aglycones of these compounds are made within the cell. To investigate this, leaf protoplast cultures were cofed with 13C6-labeled coniferyl alcohol and a 13C4-labeled dimer of coniferyl alcohol. Metabolite profiling of the cofed protoplasts provided strong support for the occurrence of intracellular monolignol coupling. We therefore propose a metabolic pathway involving intracellular combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals, followed by oligomer glycosylation and vacuolar import, which shares characteristics with both lignin and lignan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Dima
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hoon Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biological Systems Engineering, and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - John Ralph
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biological Systems Engineering, and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
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