1
|
Lin Y, Sun CJ, Wei C, Lin Y, Liu MY, Liu JQ, Shi Q. [Clinical analysis of adult oculomoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with vertigo]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2023; 62:1341-1345. [PMID: 37935502 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20230129-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation, physical and laboratory examination, electrophysiological, and imaging data of 2 female adult OMS patients with vertigo were analyzed at the Department of Neurology of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2021 to March 2022. The treatment strategy and clinical outcome were followed up. The two female patients were aged 42 and 66 years. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody and anti-GABAB receptor antibody were detected in serological screening, respectively. The two patients met the diagnostic criteria for OMS, and one was screened for breast tumor. The clinical symptoms of the two patients were relieved after immunomodulation therapy. OMS is a group of rare clinical syndromes; its clinical evaluation process should be standardized and the etiology should be actively searched for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - C J Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - C Wei
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijng 100853, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijng 100853, China
| | - J Q Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijng 100853, China
| | - Q Shi
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao YL, Huang H, Ma J, Zhang Q, Wang YQ, Sun CJ, Yang Z, Pei LL, Chen FY, Gao Y, Yuan ZY, Xiao YH. [Association between cardiometabolic diseases and quality of life and the mediation effect of perceived stress]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:709-715. [PMID: 37460424 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230401-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and quality of life, the association between CMD and perceived stress, and the mediation effect of perceived stress on the association between CMD and quality of life, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of CMD and the improvement of quality of life in these patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by the employees' physical examination of a company in Xi'an in 2021. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association between the status of CMD (divided into three categories: no CMD, presence of one kind of CMD, and with≥2 kinds of CMD (≥2 kinds of CMD were defined as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM)), quality of life, and perceived stress. Mediation analysis with a multi-categorical independent variable was conducted to determine the mediation effect of perceived stress on the association between CMD and quality of life. Results: Among all 4 272 participants, 1 457 (34.1%) participants had one kind of CMD and 677 (15.8%) participants had CMM. The average scores for quality of life and perceived stress were (57.5±15.7) and (16.9±7.9), respectively. Compared with participants without CMD, after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, no statistically significant associations were observed between one kind of CMD and perceived stress or quality of life (both P>0.05). Perceived stress did not mediate the association between one kind of CMD and quality of life. However, participants with CMM had lower quality of life and higher perceived stress than participants without CMD. The relative total effect coefficient c (95%CI) and the relative direct effect coefficient c' (95%CI) between CMM and quality of life were -3.71 (-5.04--2.37) and -2.52 (-3.81--1.24) (both P<0.05), respectively. The relative indirect effect coefficient a2b (95%CI) of perceived stress on the association between CMM and quality of life was -1.18 (-1.62--0.77) (P<0.05). The mediation effect size was 31.8%. Conclusions: CMM is negatively associated with quality of life and positively associated with perceived stress. Perceived stress partially mediates the association between CMM and quality of life. Our results suggest that, in addition to preventing and treating CMM actively, efforts should be taken to relieve the perceived stress of people with CMM to improve their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Y Q Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - C J Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Dingbian County, Yulin 718600, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - L L Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - F Y Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Z Y Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Y H Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu JE, Qi XK, Yao S, Han XC, Liu JG, Duan F, Sun CJ. [Motor neuron damage in late-onset Pompe disease: a case report and literature review]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2023; 62:200-202. [PMID: 36740412 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220310-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - X K Qi
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - S Yao
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - X C Han
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - J G Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - F Duan
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - C J Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu TT, Sun CJ, Liu XY, Zhang JZ, Hou XB, Ni R, Zhang J, Cheng AX, Lou HX. Interaction of PKR with STCS1: an indispensable step in the biosynthesis of lunularic acid in Marchantia polymorpha. New Phytol 2023; 237:515-531. [PMID: 36062450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unlike bibenzyls derived from the vascular plants, lunularic acid (LA), a key precursor for macrocyclic bisbibenzyl synthesis in nonvascular liverworts, exhibits the absence of one hydroxy group within the A ring. It was hypothesized that both polyketide reductase (PKR) and stilbenecarboxylate synthase 1 (STCS1) were involved in the LA biosynthesis, but the underlined mechanisms have not been clarified. This study used bioinformatics analysis with molecular, biochemical and physiological approaches to characterize STCS1s and PKRs involved in the biosynthesis of LA. The results indicated that MpSTCS1s from Marchantia polymorpha catalyzed both C2→C7 aldol-type and C6→C1 Claisen-type cyclization using dihydro-p-coumaroyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA as substrates to yield a C6-C2-C6 skeleton of dihydro-resveratrol following decarboxylation and the C6-C3-C6 type of phloretin in vitro. The protein-protein interaction of PKRs with STCS1 (PPI-PS) was revealed and proved essential for LA accumulation when transiently co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, replacement of the active domain of STCS1 with an 18-amino-acid fragment from the chalcone synthase led to the PPI-PS greatly decreasing and diminishing the formation of LA. The replacement also increased the chalcone formation in STCS1s. Our results highlight a previously unrecognized PPI in planta that is indispensable for the formation of LA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xu-Ben Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang MY, Ni JW, Ge JJ, Guan YH, Pei Z, Sun CJ, Wu J, Xu ZR, Yang L, Luo FH, Cheng RQ. [Clinical features of 123 patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia auxiliarily diagnosed by 18F-DOPA-PET CT scanning]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2021; 59:853-858. [PMID: 34587682 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210417-00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) auxiliarily diagnosed by 18F-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET) CT scanning. Methods: The clinical data of 123 patients who were diagnosed with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia by comprehensive clinical diagnostic procedures in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data such as gender, age of onset, province, concurrent serum insulin level measured during hypoglycemia, lesion type of pancreas by 18F-DOPA-PET CT scanning, genetic test results, and treatment were collected successively. The clinical features and therapeutic outcomes were compared between patients with focal and diffuse pancreatic lesions. T test, Rank sum test, and χ² test were used for comparison between groups. Results: A total of 123 patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (72 males and 51 females), whose average age of onset was 3 days (ranging from 1 day to 4 860 days), were recruited from 24 provinces. The concurrent serum insulin level was 7.1 (0.4-303.0) mU/L during hypoglycemia. 18F-DOPA-PET CT scanning identified focal lesions in 25.2% (31/123) and diffuse lesions in 74.8% (92/123) of the patients; 64.2% (79/123) of the HH cases were found to have pathogenic gene variants, in which 88.6% (70/79) were found to have KATP channel related genes (61 in ABCC8 and 9 in KCNJ11 mutations). Thirty-seven patients (17 focal and 20 diffuse) received surgical treatment with a success rate of 67.6% (25/37). The effective rate of diazoxide for children with diffuse type was significantly higher than that of children with focal group (28.3% (26/92) vs. 9.7% (3/31), χ²=10.31, P=0.001). Conclusions: 18F-DOPA-PET CT scan can improve the success rate of surgery. Comprehensive diagnosis of the etiology of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia by genetic analysis and 18F-DOPA-PET CT scanning can result in better treatment and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Y Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - J W Ni
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - J J Ge
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Y H Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Z Pei
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - C J Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Z R Xu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - L Yang
- the Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Center, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - F H Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - R Q Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li DD, Ni R, Wang PP, Zhang XS, Wang PY, Zhu TT, Sun CJ, Liu CJ, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Molecular Basis for Chemical Evolution of Flavones to Flavonols and Anthocyanins in Land Plants. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:1731-1743. [PMID: 33023939 PMCID: PMC7723094 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During the course of evolution of land plants, different classes of flavonoids, including flavonols and anthocyanins, sequentially emerged, facilitating adaptation to the harsh terrestrial environment. Flavanone 3β-hydroxylase (F3H), an enzyme functioning in flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis and a member of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) family, catalyzes the hydroxylation of (2S)-flavanones to dihydroflavonols, but its origin and evolution remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that functional flavone synthase Is (FNS Is) are widely distributed in the primitive land plants liverworts and evolutionarily connected to seed plant F3Hs. We identified and characterized a set of 2-ODD enzymes from several liverwort species and plants in various evolutionary clades of the plant kingdom. The bifunctional enzyme FNS I/F2H emerged in liverworts, and FNS I/F3H evolved in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and Selaginella moellendorffii, suggesting that they represent the functional transition forms between canonical FNS Is and F3Hs. The functional transition from FNS Is to F3Hs provides a molecular basis for the chemical evolution of flavones to flavonols and anthocyanins, which contributes to the acquisition of a broader spectrum of flavonoids in seed plants and facilitates their adaptation to the terrestrial ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ping-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Piao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang PY, Ni R, Zhu TT, Sun CJ, Lou HX, Zhang X, Cheng AX. Isolation and functional characterization of four microbial type terpene synthases from ferns. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:716-724. [PMID: 32862021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Typical plant terpene synthases (TPSs) are responsible for the production of terpenes, a major class of plant secondary metabolites. However, various nonseed plants also harbor genes encoding microbial terpene synthase-like (MTPSL) enzymes. Here, a scan of 31 ferns transcriptomes revealed 40 sequences putatively encoding MTPSLs. Two groups of sequences were recognized based on the key conserved motifs. Four representative genes were isolated from each of the four species Adiantum capillus-veneris, Cyclosorus parasiticus, Drynaria bonii and Microlepia platyphylla. Following their heterologous expression in E. coli, the recombinant proteins were tested for monoterpene synthase and sesquiterpene synthase activity. These enzymatic products were typical monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes that have been previous shown to be generated by classical plant TPSs when provided with GPP and FPP as substrates. Subcellular localization experiments in the leaf epidermis of Nicotiana benthamiana and onion (Allium cepa) inner epidermal cells indicated that AcMTPSL1 and DbMTPSL were deposited in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas CpMTPSL1 and MpMTPSL were localized in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts and nucleus. AcMTPSL1 was up-regulated in plants exposed to methyl jasmonate treatment, suggesting a role for this gene in host defense. This study provides more information about the catalytic function of MTPSLs in nonseed plants and for the first time, the subcellular localization of MTPSLs was experimentally characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu TT, Liu H, Wang PY, Ni R, Sun CJ, Yuan JC, Niu M, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Functional characterization of UDP-glycosyltransferases from the liverwort Plagiochasma appendiculatum and their potential for biosynthesizing flavonoid 7-O-glucosides. Plant Sci 2020; 299:110577. [PMID: 32900434 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid glucosides, typically generated from aglycones via the action of uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), both contribute to plant viability and are pharmacologically active. The properties of UGTs produced by liverworts, one of the basal groups of non-vascular land plants, have not been systematically explored. Here, two UGTs potentially involved in flavonoids synthesis were identified from the transcriptome of Plagiochasma appendiculatum. Enzymatic analysis showed that PaUGT1 and PaUGT2 accepted various flavones, flavonols, flavanones and dihydrochalcones as substrates. A mutated form PaUGT1-Q19A exhibited a higher catalytic efficiency than did the wild type enzyme. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the yield of flavonol 7-O-glucosides reached to over 70 %. Co-expression of PaUGT1-Q19A with the upstream flavone synthase I PaFNS I-1 proved able to convert the flavanone aglycones naringenin and eriodictyol into the higher-yield apigenin 7-O-glucoside (A7G) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (L7G). The maximum concentration of 81.0 μM A7G and 88.6 μM L7G was achieved upon supplementation with 100 μM naringenin and 100 μM eriodictyol under optimized conditions. This is the first time that flavonoids UGTs have been characterized from liverworts and co-expression of UGTs and FNS Is from the same species serves as an effective strategy to synthesize flavone 7-O-glucosides in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Piao-Yi Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Rong Ni
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Jing-Cong Yuan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ni R, Zhu TT, Zhang XS, Wang PY, Sun CJ, Qiao YN, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Identification and evolutionary analysis of chalcone isomerase-fold proteins in ferns. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:290-304. [PMID: 31557291 PMCID: PMC6913697 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of type I and II chalcone isomerases (CHIs) in plants is highly family specific. We have previously reported that ancient land plants, such as the liverworts and Selaginella moellendorffii, harbor type II CHIs. To better understand the function and evolution of CHI-fold proteins, transcriptomic data obtained from 52 pteridophyte species were subjected to sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. The residues determining type I/II CHI identity in the pteridophyte CHIs were identical to those of type I CHIs. The enzymatic characterization of a sample of 24 CHIs, representing all the key pteridophyte lineages, demonstrated that 19 of them were type I enzymes and that five exhibited some type II activity due to an amino acid mutation. Two pteridophyte chalcone synthases (CHSs) were also characterized, and a type IV CHI (CHIL) was demonstrated to interact physically with CHSs and CHI, and to increase CHS activity by decreasing derailment products, thus enhancing flavonoid production. These findings suggest that the emergence of type I CHIs may have coincided with the divergence of the pteridophytes. This study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanism of CHIL as an enhancer in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Piao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li YL, Gao Y, Liu CY, Sun CJ, Zhao ZT, Lou HX. Asperunguisins A-F, Cytotoxic Asperane Sesterterpenoids from the Endolichenic Fungus Aspergillus unguis. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:1527-1534. [PMID: 31117521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Six new asperane-type sesterterpenoids, asperunguisins A-F (1-6), were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Aspergillus unguis, together with a known analogue, aspergilloxide (7); these are rare asperane-type sesterterpenoids, characterized by a unique hydroxylated 7/6/6/5 tetracyclic system. The structures of asperunguisins A-F (1-6) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods (NMR and HRESIMS), X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis, ECD calculations, and biogenetic considerations. Asperunguisin C (3) showed cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell line A549 with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM. Further investigation revealed that the observed cell death was a result of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest via DNA damage followed by cellular apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lan Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zun-Tian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu ZJ, Huang Y, Wei L, He JY, Liu QY, Yu XQ, Li ZL, Zhang J, Li B, Sun CJ, Liang WB, Sun AM, Qin Y. Combination of LINE-1 hypomethylation and RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in serum DNA is a non-invasion prognostic biomarker for early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Neoplasma 2019; 64:795-802. [PMID: 28592132 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2017_519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis, a multistep process, involves not only genetic mutations but also epigenetic alterations. Widespread of global DNA hypomethylation is accompanied with specific regional hypermethylation especially at tumor suppressor genes' promoters. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of combined DNA methylation analysis of a global DNA methylation marker - LINE-1 and a tumor suppressor gene highly associated with the malignancy of HCC- RASSF1A in serum as a novel prognostic marker for diagnosis of early recurrence after curative resection.LINE-1 was hypomethylated in 66.7% (70/105) and RASSF1A promoter was hypermethylated in 73.3% (77/105) of HCC serum DNA samples by methylation specific PCR, but in none of the healthy controls: LINE-1 hypometylation (0/50) and RASSF1A hypermethylation (0/50). A significant association was found between LINE-1 hypomethylation and clinical pathologic features including HBsAg positivity (p=0.009), tumor size (p=0.001) and AFP levels (p<0.001). Besides, significant correlation was detected between RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation and lymph nodes metastasis (p=0.045).The results of Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival suggested that LINE-1 hypomethylation was highly associated with poor survival of patients (disease-free survival p=0.002, overall survival p=0.0123). More importantly, co-evaluation of LINE-1 hypomethylation and RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation was found to be significantly correlated to early recurrence and poor prognosis (disease-free survival p=0.0001, overall survival p=0.05) in patients after curative resection.In conclusion, our study showed that the combined examination of LINE-1 hypomethylation and RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation was effective in predicting early recurrence of HCC after curative resection. Patients with dual positivity of LINE-1 hypomethylation and RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation should be supplied with more intensive care and close follow-up after they undergo tumor resection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang JL, Wang MQ, Duan F, Ye HY, Shen YG, Sun CJ, Zhang XJ, Li ZQ, Jiang WH, Yuan K. [Significance of pelvic contrast enhanced MRA prior to prostatic artery embolization]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 98:3848-3852. [PMID: 30585028 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.47.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the values of pelvic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in detection of prostatic artery prior to prostatic arterial embolization(PAE). Methods: This multicenter, prospective study from 5 hospitals in China consisted of 47 patients (mean age (69±16) years, range 56-83 years) who underwent PAE for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) between January 2016 and April 2018, preprocedural prediction of prostatic arteries were determined using contrast enhanced MRA.CE-MRA findings were compared with subsequent intraprocedural digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or DSA combined with cone-beam computed tomography (CT) to assess the sensitivity and specificity with which contrast enhanced MRA predicted the number and origins of prostatic artery, also to assess the optimal oblique projection of PA. Results: In total, 47 patients (94 pelvic sides) with 97 PAs confirmed by DSA or DSA combined with cone-beam CT at the time of embolization, MR angiography successfully identified 88 PAs and their origins , the sensitivity and specificity was 90.7% (88/97) and 93.6% (88/94), respectively.MR angiography correctly determined the bilateral prostatic artery origins in 36 (76.6%) cases.According to the optimal oblique projection of PAs suggested by MR angiography, the origins and trajectory of PAs of all patients underwent PAE with the same oblique projection (20°-45°ipsilateral anterior oblique direction) were clearly displayed when performed the first arteriography. Conclusion: Pelvic contrast enhanced MR angiography with high sensitivity and specificity in detection the origin, trajectory and number of PAs, and it could provide useful information regarding prostatic arteries before PAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang XS, Ni R, Wang PY, Zhu TT, Sun CJ, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Isolation and functional characterization of two Caffeoyl Coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferases from the fern species Polypodiodes amoena. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 136:169-177. [PMID: 30685696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoyl Coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to a hydroxyl moiety. CCoAOMTs are important for the synthesis of lignin, which provides much of the rigidity required by tracheophytes to enable the long distance transport of water. So far, no CCoAOMTs has been characterized from the ancient tracheophytes ferns. Here, two genes, each encoding a CCoAOMT (and hence denoted PaCCoAOMT1 and PaCCoAOMT2), were isolated from the fern species Polypodiodes amoena. Sequence comparisons confirmed that the product of each gene resembled enzymes known to be associated with lignin synthesis in higher plants. When either of the genes was heterologously expressed in E. coli, the resulting recombinant protein was able to methylate caffeoyl CoA, along with a number of phenylpropanoids, flavones and flavonols containing two vicinal hydroxyl groups. Their in vitro conversion rate when presented with either caffeoyl CoA or certain flavonoids as substrate was comparable with that of the Medicago sativa MsCCoAOMT. Their constitutive expression in Arabidopsis thaliana boosted the plants' lignin content, but did not affect that of methylated flavonols, indicating that both PaCCoAOMTs contributed to lignin synthesis and that neither was able to methylate flavonols in planta. The transient expression of a PaCCoAOMT-GFP fusion gene in tobacco demonstrated that in planta, PaCCoAOMTs are likely directed to the cytoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Piao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi Y, Liu HL, Zhu XQ, Zhu JM, Zuo YF, Yang Y, Jiang FH, Sun CJ, Zhao WH, Han XT. Optofluidic differential colorimetry for rapid nitrite determination. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2994-3002. [PMID: 30128458 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite detection plays a very important role in environmental monitoring and for industrial purposes. The commonly used colorimetric analysis requires the measurement of a system's calibration curve by asynchronously preparing and detecting a dozen standard samples, leading to time-consuming, slow and cumbersome procedures. Here, we present a differential colorimetry method that determines the nitrite level based on the paired chromaticity gradient, formed by coupling the colour reaction into the microfluidic network. The two gradients reshape each other and contain enough information for the quantitative analysis of the sample being tested, without the need for a calibration curve. The independence of the two gradients of the absorbance change caused by the detecting system and water quality results in a high stability and anti-interference performance, with the assistance of its self-correcting ability. This differential colorimetry method requires little time and energy consumption as only one sample is needed. Standard nitrite solutions of 0.50 mM and 0.33 mM have been determined with an error of 1.16% and 0.50%, respectively. These measurements are advantageous in terms of greater stability by up to 10 times and accuracy by 6 times, compared with the calibration curve approaches. It is foreseeable that this differential colorimetry method will find a wide range of applications in the field of chemical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hou N, Jing F, Rong W, He DW, Zhu JJ, Fang L, Sun CJ. [Meta analysis of the efficacy and safety of drainage after total hip arthroplasty]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 97:1668-1672. [PMID: 28606258 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.21.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether suction drainage is safe and effective compared with no-drainage in total hip arthroplasty. Methods: The research was based on PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Highwire, the Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WFSD.The data were analysed using RevMan 5.2.Twenty-seven randomised controlled trials involving 3 603 hips were included in the analysis. Results: The meta-analysis indicate that suction drainage increases the rate of homologous blood transfusion (OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.49-2.64, P<0.000 01)and the length of stay (OR=0.66, 95%CI: -0.01-1.33, P=0.05) (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of infection(OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.52-1.22, P=0.30), wound haematomas(OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.21-1.10, P=0.08), oozing (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.63-1.36, P=0.71) , deep venous thrombosis(OR=2.12, 95%CI: 0.68-6.56, P=0.19), VAS(OR=-0.06, 95%CI: -0.37-0.24, P=0.68) when the drainage group was compared with the no-drainage group. Conclusions: The comparison between suction drainage and no drainage in THA have indicated that no-drainage for easy total hip arthroplasty may be a better choice. However, orthopedic surgeon need to weigh the pros and cons of no-drainage in some complicated THAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hou
- Department of Orthopedic, Yucheng People's Hospital, Shandong 251200, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu JM, Shi Y, Zhu XQ, Yang Y, Jiang FH, Sun CJ, Zhao WH, Han XT. Optofluidic marine phosphate detection with enhanced absorption using a Fabry-Pérot resonator. Lab Chip 2017; 17:4025-4030. [PMID: 29090721 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01016h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Real-time detection of phosphate has significant meaning in marine environmental monitoring and forecasting the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. Conventional monitoring instruments are dependent on artificial sampling and laboratory analysis. They have various shortcomings for real-time applications because of the large equipment size and high production cost, with low target selectivity and the requirement of time-consuming procedures to obtain the detection results. We propose an optofluidic miniaturized analysis chip combined with micro-resonators to achieve real-time phosphate detection. The quantitative water-soluble components are controlled by the flow rate of the phosphate solution, chromogenic agent A (ascorbic acid solution) and chromogenic agent B (12% ammonium molybdate solution, 80% concentrated sulfuric acid and 8% antimony potassium tartrate solution with a volume ratio of 80 : 18 : 2). Subsequently, an on-chip Fabry-Pérot microcavity is formed with a pair of aligned coated fiber facets. With the help of optical feedback, the absorption of phosphate can be enhanced, which can avoid the disadvantages of the macroscale absorption cells in traditional instruments. It can also overcome the difficulties of traditional instruments in terms of size, parallel processing of numerous samples and real-time monitoring, etc. The absorption cell length is shortened to 300 μm with a detection limit of 0.1 μmol L-1. The time required for detection is shortened from 20 min to 6 seconds. Predictably, microsensors based on optofluidic technology will have potential in the field of marine environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Zhu
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether suction drainage is safe and effective compared with no-drainage in total knee arthroplasty. Methods: The literature search was based on PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Highwire, the Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WFSD.The data were analysed using RevMan 5.3.Fourteen randomised controlled trials involving 1 009 knees were included in our analysis. Results: Suction drainage increases the rate and volume of blood transfusion.No-drainage group increases the rate of wound problems (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.21-3.04, P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of periprosthetic infection (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.20-2.30, P=0.54), VAS (OR=-0.09, 95%CI -0.32-0.14, P=0.46) and the length of stay (OR=0.41, 95%CI -0.21-1.03; P=0.19) when the drainage group was compared with the no-drainage group (P>0.05). Conclusions: No-drainage for easy total knee arthroplasty may be a better choice. However, orthopedic surgeon need to weigh the pros and cons of no-drainage in some complicated TKAs such as extra-articular deformity .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Jing
- Department of Orthopedic, Jiaozuo Zhongshan District People's Hospital, Henan 454191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie LL, Sun CJ, Li XD, Wang YH, Wang CE. Arterial embolization of massive hepatocellular carcinoma with lipiodol and gelatin sponge. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51 Suppl 2:e49-51. [PMID: 25712844 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.151990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been used to treat unresectable massive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lots of embolic agents have been applied in embolization because of it can decrease patient discomfort and side-effects. AIM The aim was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of TACE with lipiodol and gelatin sponge. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 109 patients with massive HCC (the size of tumor >10 cm and unresectable) from January 2011 to August 2014 in our institution was divided into group A and group B based on the different embolitic agents. Before and about 1-month after each case of TACE, clinical and biological data such as tumor size, Child-Pugh stage, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), complications, were recorded at the same time. RESULTS In group A, the diameter of the tumor reduced from 12.57 ± 1.26 cm to 9.04 ± 0.89 cm. No patient was complete response (CR), partial response (PR) 36, stable disease (SD) 7 and PD 6; in group B, the diameter of tumor decreased from 12.08 ± 1.42 cm to 8.43 ± 1.05 cm, CR 0, but PR 27, SD 18 and PD 15. RR in group A was significantly higher than in group B (P < 0.05).The change of Child-Pugh stage and AFP pre- and post-operative in group A can be found significantly better than in group B. CONCLUSIONS TACE with lipiodol and gelatin sponge is a highly effective for massive HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C J Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun CJ, Wang CE, Wang YH, Xie LL, Liu TH, Ren WC. Transcatheter arterial embolization of acute gastrointestinal tumor hemorrhage with Onyx. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51 Suppl 2:e56-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
20
|
Xu G, Shen XJ, Pu J, Chu SP, Wang XD, Wu XH, Sun CJ, Zhang X, Zhu BL, Ju SQ. BLyS expression and JNK activation may form a feedback loop to promote survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells. Cytokine 2012; 60:505-13. [PMID: 22850273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
B-Lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is a potent co-activator of B cells in vitro, and in vivo induces B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of terminally differentiated B cells (plasma cells). Previous studies have well ascertained that BLyS plays an important contributory role in the pathogenesis and propagation of multiple myeloma by virtue of its ability to promote B cell survival, expansion, and differentiation. However, the intracellular signaling of BLyS in human MM cells remains undefined. This study was designed to see whether there was interaction between MAPK signaling pathway and BLyS expression. It was found that the active protein p-JNK was expressed in KM3, U266 and PBMCs of MM patients, and that the expression of BLyS could be changed by JNK pathway activator and inhibitor. In addition, recombinant BLyS activated JNK pathway, while BLyS siRNA treatment inhibited the activation of JNK pathway. The level of BLyS expression and the activation of JNK pathway were positively correlated. These findings suggest that JNK activation and BLyS expression in MM cells may form a positive feedback loop that promotes the survival and proliferation of MM cells, and these may shed some light on the pathogenesis and treatment of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, JS, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Peng XY, Zhang J, Jin Z, Liang TJ, Sheng ZM, Li YT, Yu QZ, Zheng ZY, Wang ZH, Chen ZL, Zhong JY, Tang XW, Yang J, Sun CJ. Energetic electrons emitted from ethanol droplets irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:026414. [PMID: 14995573 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.026414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the angular distribution and the energy spectrum of hot electrons emitted from ethanol droplets irradiated by linearly polarized 150-fs laser pulses at an intensity of 10(16) W/cm(2). Two hot electron jets symmetrically with respect to the laser propagation direction are observed within the polarization plane. This is due to the spherical geometry of droplets in the intense laser field. The maximum energy of the hot electrons is found to be more than 600 keV. Particle-in-cell simulations suggest that the resonance absorption is the main mechanism for hot electron generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Y Peng
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uren A, Merchant MS, Sun CJ, Vitolo MI, Sun Y, Tsokos M, Illei PB, Ladanyi M, Passaniti A, Mackall C, Toretsky JA. Beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor mediates motility and growth of Ewing's sarcoma cells. Oncogene 2003; 22:2334-42. [PMID: 12700668 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) contain a translocation, t(11;22), which results in the novel oncogenic fusion protein EWS/FLI1. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their receptors (PDGFR) are involved in the induction and proliferation of numerous solid tumors and are the potential candidates for novel targeted antitumor therapy. Since a relation was reported between PDGF-C and EWS/FLI1, we sought to characterize the PDGF signaling pathway in ESFT. Eight out of nine ESFT cell lines were found to express significant levels of beta-PDGFR. Interestingly, none of the tested cell lines expressed alpha-PDGFR, which is the receptor isotype required for PDGF-C binding. By immunohistochemical staining 47 of 52 (90.4%) archival tumor samples from patients with ESFT were positive for beta-PDGFR. ESFT cell lines were treated with PDGF-AA or PDGF-BB ligands to evaluate downstream signaling. Autophosphorylation of beta-PDGFR and tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma, PI3Kp85 and Shc were detected only in PDGF-BB-stimulated cells that express beta-PDGFR. Receptor function was further evaluated using chemotaxis assays that showed TC-32 cell migration towards PDGF-BB. A specific PDGFR kinase inhibitor AG1295 blocked beta-PDGFR activation, downstream signaling, growth in cell culture and chemotaxis of TC-32 cells. AG1295 also delayed tumor formation and prolonged survival in an ESFT animal model. We conclude that ESFT express beta-PDGFR and that this is a functional and potentially crucial signaling pathway. Therefore, beta-PDGFRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in ESFT that can be utilized to design better treatment modalities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
- Disease Progression
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phospholipase C gamma
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/drug effects
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Uren
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetowm University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-1469, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun CJ, Chow GM, Soo EW, Wang JP, Hwu YK, Cho TS, Je JH, Lee HH, Kim JW, Noh DY. Structural effects of Ti underlayer on CoCrPt magnetic films. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2001; 1:271-273. [PMID: 12914061 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2001.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of long-range and short-range orders of Ti underlayer thickness on the magnetic properties of sputtered Co72 Cr21 Pt7 films were investigated using synchrotron X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. The results were consistent with that of magnetic measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For thin Ti underlayers (10 nm), the oxidation of Ti and significant mixing of other elements within this underlayer did not promote texture development, further resulting in poor texturing of magnetic films and undesirable magnetic properties. Increased crystallinity and texture of metallic Ti in thicker underlayers enhanced the magnetic peak alignment and its properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Sun
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Singapore, Data Storage Institute, Kent Ridge, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang WC, Wang Y, Sun CJ. [Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor protein in synovial tissues from osteoarthritis]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 26:257-60. [PMID: 12536699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in the synovial tissures, and the significance of uPA and uPAR in degradation of extracellular matrices in osteoarthritis (OA), then analyse the possible relationship between uPA and uPAR. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis technique was used to detect uPA and uPAR protein expression and distribution in synovial tissues in 26 OA patients and 10 mormal individuals. RESULTS Positive staining of uPA and uPAR protein were detected in 19 cases in the 26 OA samples (73%), while only 2 positive cases were seen in the 10 mormal tissues (20%). The expression rate of uPA protein was markedly higher in OA than in the normal (P < 0.01). The expression of uPAR was seen in 14 cases in all 26 OA samples (54.6%), while there was only one case in 10 normal samples (10%), the positive rate was significantly higher in OA than in normal samples (P < 0.05). Positive expression of uPA and uPAR proteins were found in synovial lining cells, mononuclear cells, macrophage-like cells and endothelial cells. Using the correction analysis, we found a positive correlation between uPA and uPAR reactivity in the synovial tissues in OA (r = 0.920, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The high expression of uPA and uPAR protein in OA synovial tissues indicate that the uPA system may play an important role in the process of synovitis and degradation of OA cartilage extracellular matrices. In the pathologic process of OA, uPA and uPAR coordinate each other, lead to the genesis and development of OA cartilage degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Wang
- Department of Othopeadics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chiang KY, Wang KS, Tsai CC, Sun CJ. Formation of heavy metal species during PVC-containing simulated MSW incineration. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:833-844. [PMID: 11460335 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of PVC-derived chlorine on heavy metal emissions in MSW incineration was investigated using a tubular furnace and simulated MSW spiked with PVCs and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn). The molar ratio of the chlorine content to that of the heavy metal (Cl/M ratio) was varied from 3-200 as one parameter. The results indicated that the major species found in the fly ash were chlorides of alkaline and alkali-earth metals, whereas those identified in the bottom ash were MgSiO3, SiO2 and some complex aluminates and silicates. The emission of heavy metals and/or their compounds, with extreme and medium volatility, tended to be enhanced within the lower Cl/M range, whereas those with a refractory volatility were likely to be affected within the higher Cl/M range. However, those with an extremely refractory volatility were less affected by an increase of the Cl/M ratio. The variation of speciation and partitioning in MSW combustion as affected by the Cl/M ratio are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Chiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng-Chia University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang KS, Chiang KY, Tsai CC, Sun CJ, Tsai CC, Lin KL. The effects of FeCl3 on the distribution of the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn in a simulated multimetal incineration system. Environ Int 2001; 26:257-263. [PMID: 11341294 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(00)00115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing that waste-derived chlorine can enhance heavy metal emissions by forming volatile metallic chlorides during municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion, and that in Taiwan, FeCl3-containing sewage sludge may either be landfilled or coincinerated with other MSW, this study thus investigated the effects of FeCl3 on the speciation and partitioning of heavy metals in a multimetal incineration system by using a tubular furnace and FeCl3-spiked simulated wastes. The molar ratio of chlorine content to heavy metal content (referred to as the Cl/ M ratio), ranging from 3 to 200, was used as a parameter to evaluate the effects of chlorine on the movement of heavy metals between the incinerator discharges. Results indicate that speciation and partitioning were related to the affinity between the chlorine and the heavy metals and between chlorine and hydrogen in the combustion system. The effectiveness of increasing the Cl/M ratio to the formation potential of metallic chlorides and on the shift of heavy metals from the bottom ash to the fly ash and/or the flue gases was found to have in increasing order as follows: Zn>Cu>Cr, a phenomenon basically reflecting the volatility of the heavy metals and their chlorides formed during combustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Wang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang KS, Sun CJ, Liu CY. Effects of the type of sintering atmosphere on the chromium leachability of thermal-treated municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash. Waste Manag 2001; 21:85-91. [PMID: 11150137 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-053x(00)00041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sintering process offers an opportunity to combine detoxification and resource recovery for the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator fly ash. However, the chromium (Cr) in the sintered fly ash becomes more readily leachable with increasing sintering time and temperature, thus posing severe threats to the environment and human health when the sintered ash is recycled or reused. This study investigated the enhanced leachability of fly ash containing Cr, by heating the chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3)-spiked fly ash to 800 degrees C in atmospheres containing air, nitrogen gas (N2), and 5% H2 + 95% N2, respectively. The results indicated that trivalent chromium was converted to its soluble hexavalent form during sintering in the air atmosphere; whereas sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere significantly reduced the leachability of Cr due to lack of oxygen (O2) to oxidize. The effects of the sintering temperature on the total chromium content and the leaching concentration in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extract are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Wang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Central University Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Sun CJ, Zhang W. [Arthroscopic meniscus plasty of the discoid cartilage of the knee joint]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:169-70. [PMID: 12212212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
From 1989 to 1998, arthroscopic discoid lateral meniscus plasty was performed in twenty-eight patients(thirty-one joints), and evaluated in a short follow-up term. The mean age was 21.5(6-42) years. The average follow-up period lasted 8.4 months. The results were assessed by the Ikeuchi's grading, 87.1% joints had excellent and good results, including all incomplete types and 77.8% complete type of discoid meniscus. It is suggested that arthroscopic meniscus plasty plays an important role in the treatment of discoid meniscus of knee, and should be performed possibly as soon as the disease was diagnosed by arthroscopic examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang KS, Chiang KY, Lin SM, Tsai CC, Sun CJ. Effects of chlorides on emissions of toxic compounds in waste incineration: study on partitioning characteristics of heavy metal. Chemosphere 1999; 38:1833-1849. [PMID: 10101850 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chlorides derived from plastics and food residue content in MSW will affect the formation and partitioning of metal chlorides in the incineration discharges. Our study investigated the effects of waste-derived chlorides on the partitioning of heavy metals in a single-metal combustion system. The results indicate that the heavy metal partitioning behaviors are mainly affected by the presence of chloride, alkaline metals (i.e., Na, K) and moisture in the wastes. The configuration of the metal partitioning is determined by the availability of chlorine, hydrogen, and alkaline metals, or the extent to which the elements may divide from their compounds at a given combustion temperature. The effects of chlorides, including PVC, C2Cl4, FeCl3, NaCl and KCl, were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Wang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
DeGeorge JJ, Ahn CH, Andrews PA, Brower ME, Giorgio DW, Goheer MA, Lee-Ham DY, McGuinn WD, Schmidt W, Sun CJ, Tripathi SC. Regulatory considerations for preclinical development of anticancer drugs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1998; 41:173-85. [PMID: 9443633 DOI: 10.1007/s002800050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The entry of new anticancer treatments into phase I clinical trials is ordinarily based on relatively modest preclinical data. This report defines the battery of preclinical tests important for assessing safety under an Investigational New Drug application (IND) and outlines a basis for extrapolating starting doses of investigational anticancer drugs in phase I clinical trials from animal toxicity studies. Types of preclinical studies for the support of marketing of a new anticancer drug are also discussed. This report addresses differences and similarities in the preclinical development of cytotoxic drugs (including photosensitizers and targeted delivery products), drugs used chronically (chemopreventive drugs, hormonal drugs, immunomodulators), and drugs intended to enhance the efficacy (MDR-reversing agents and radiation/chemotherapy sensitizers) or diminish the toxicity of currently used anticancer therapies. Factors to consider in the design of preclinical studies of combination therapies, alternative therapies, and adjuvant therapies in the treatment of cancer, and to support changes in clinical formulations or route of administration, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J DeGeorge
- Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
DeGeorge JJ, Ahn CH, Andrews PA, Brower ME, Choi YS, Chun MY, Du T, Lee-Ham DY, McGuinn WD, Pei L, Sancilio LF, Schmidt W, Sheevers HV, Sun CJ, Tripathi S, Vogel WM, Whitehurst V, Williams S, Taylor AS. Considerations for toxicology studies of respiratory drug products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1997; 25:189-93. [PMID: 9185894 DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1997.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The standard approaches for the preclinical development of chronically administered drugs also apply to most respiratory drugs. Modifications from the standard preclinical development plan, however, may be necessary if the drug is administered intranasally or by inhalation. Administration by these routes may result in airway toxicity and the intended patient population is often particularly susceptible. Current and former representatives of the Division of Pulmonary Drug Products (CDER, U.S. FDA) present this article to describe general principles of preclinical development for respiratory drug indications. The article addresses drugs intended for administration by the intranasal or inhalation routes. The article describes the types of studies recommended, considers the initial human dose, and discusses dose-escalation strategies in clinical trials. Other areas of special concern with intranasal or inhalation administration include immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, types of dosing apparatus, excipients and extractables, and formulation changes. The approaches described in this article are intended as general information and should be adapted to the scientific considerations and circumstances of a particular drug under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J DeGeorge
- Division of Pulmonary Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Choudary J, Contrera JF, DeFelice A, DeGeorge JJ, Farrelly JG, Fitzgerald G, Goheer MA, Jacobs A, Jordan A, Meyers L, Osterberg R, Resnick C, Sun CJ, Temple RJ. Response to Monro and Mehta proposal for use of single-dose toxicology studies to support single-dose studies of new drugs in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996; 59:265-7. [PMID: 8653988 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(96)80003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Choudary
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD 20857, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hogge WA, Hogge JS, Schnatterly PT, Sun CJ, Blitzer MG. Congenital nephrosis: detection of index cases through maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167:1330-3. [PMID: 1279976 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital nephrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of 1 in 8000 in Finland, but it is quite rare in non-Finnish populations. In families known to be at risk, prenatal detection is possible by means of maternal serum and/or amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels. We report the antenatal diagnosis of four cases of congenital nephrosis, three of which were index cases, through maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening. The diagnosis was confirmed at birth in two infants. Two patients elected to terminate their pregnancies, and the diagnoses were confirmed pathologically (obliteration of foot processes on electron microscopy of fetal glomeruli) in both. In cases of elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, with unexplained and marked elevations of amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein and normal acetylcholinesterase levels, the diagnosis of congenital nephrosis must be considered regardless of ethnic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Hogge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Childhood hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is most often caused by a defect in renal tubular resorption of filtered phosphorus. However, HR can also be caused by secretion of a phosphaturetic factor from a tumor. The presentation of patients with the different HR syndromes may be identical. Distinguishing between the HR syndromes is essential, however, because HR caused by renal defect requires life-long therapy with Vitamin D and phosphate replacement, but tumor-associated HR is cured by removal of the tumor. A case of hemangiopericytoma occurring in bone and causing HR is reported. Children with HR typically have normal levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone but very low levels of serum phosphorus. In a child with HR, the following features should prompt a thorough evaluation for a causative tumor: lack of other family members who have hypophosphatemia; presence of aminoaciduria, particularly glycinuria. Causative lesions are most commonly found in the bone or skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hanukoglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun CJ, Yang ZW. [Study of factors influencing the Saltzman factor in spectrophotometric determination of NO2 in air]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1988; 19:170-3. [PMID: 3198099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
36
|
Sun CJ, Johannessen JN, Gessner W, Namura I, Singhaniyom W, Brossi A, Chiueh CC. Neurotoxic damage to the nigrostriatal system in rats following intranigral administration of MPDP+ and MPP+. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1988; 74:75-86. [PMID: 3266233 DOI: 10.1007/bf01245141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral intranigral administration of the oxidative metabolites of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-dihydropyridine (MPDP+) or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) produced dose-dependently a depletion of dopamine in the ipsilateral striatum of rats two weeks following treatment. d-Amphetamine and apomorphine induced circling toward the lesioned side in these unilaterally treated animals. No contralateral circling behavior was observed after challenging with apomorphine. This dopamine lesioning effect of MPP+ was not blocked by pretreatment of animals with a dopamine uptake blocker, GBR 12909. Furthermore, MPP+ increased the 45Ca accumulation into cells at the site of injection and produced "nonspecific" cell membrane and/or cytotoxic damage seen by histological procedures. These results indicate that MPDP+ and MPP+ produced localized cytotoxic damage to nigrostriatal neurons, caused a decrease in striatal dopamine, and disrupted the nigrostriatal system's functioning following intranigral administration to rats. It is postulated that the cationic surfactant properties of MPDP+ and MPP+ might contribute to its neurotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Sun
- Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tang DJ, Lang YM, Liang Y, Sun CJ, Lin XH, Zhao NF, Yang WX. Serum ferritin in normal subjects and in some diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1987; 100:631-5. [PMID: 2896106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
38
|
Namura I, Douillet P, Sun CJ, Pert A, Cohen RM, Chiueh CC. MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine) is a neurotoxin to dopamine-, norepinephrine- and serotonin-containing neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 1987; 136:31-7. [PMID: 3496229 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(87)90775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is an oxidative metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydroxypyridine (MPTP). MPP+ produced local cell death when injected directly into substantia nigra compacta, locus coeruleus, or dorsal and median raphe nuclei of rats. Corresponding significant decreases in dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine levels were observed in the terminal areas. These observations indicate that MPP+ is a non-selective neurotoxin which causes lesions not only in dopaminergic neurons but also in noradrenergic and serotonergic systems following intracranial administration. Selective lesioning of these monoaminergic systems could only be achieved by a stereotaxic injection of MPP+ into specific brain regions containing monoamine neurons.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kang AL, Sun CJ. [Studies on drugs for coronary diseases. III. Synthesis of some Mannich bases of substituted aminophenols]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1986; 21:892-8. [PMID: 3591328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
40
|
Sun CJ, Ji RY, Kyi ZY. [Synthesis of some cucurbitine-related compounds]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1985; 20:214-8. [PMID: 4072689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
41
|
Sun CJ, Bai DL. [Synthesis of some compounds related to tanshinquinone]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1985; 20:39-43. [PMID: 4024950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
42
|
Abstract
Antinociception (ANTI) was assessed in male CD-1 mice by a modification of Haffner's tail clamp procedure. Studies revealed that tripelennamine (Tp) alone produced antinociception (ANTI) in mice and also caused potentiation when combined with morphine (M) or nalbuphene (NB). Naloxone (Nx) only partially blocked the effect of Tp, but fully blocked M. Although atropine (At) had no intrinsic ANTI activity, it enhanced that of Tp but not M. Histamine (Hm) had no intrinsic ANTI activity, nor did it interact with either Tp or M. The partial abolition of Tp ANTI, in contrast to complete blockade of M effects with Nx, appears to indicate that Tp can stimulate the opiate receptor as well as another receptor for ANTI at a different locus. The combination of Tp with various opiates may have considerable abuse potential.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun CJ, Zhang XY, Yang XZ, Wang PP, Shen J, Shu Y, Ji RY. [Studies on drugs for coronary diseases. II. Synthesis of compounds related to changrolin as potential antiarrhythmic drugs (author's transl)]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1981; 16:564-70. [PMID: 7324955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
44
|
Sun CJ, Conn DL, Schroeter AL, Kazmier FJ. Skin fibrinolytic activity in cutaneous and systemic vasculitis. Mayo Clin Proc 1976; 51:216-22. [PMID: 1263592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Study of involved and uninvolved skin from patients with necrotizing vasculitis revealed diminished tissue fibrinolytic activity deposition of immunoreactants in involved skin. In these patients, the depletion of tissue fibrinolytic activity is probably the result of vessel injury secondary to the local deposit of immunoreactants. In addition, there was diminished tissue fibrinolytic activity in uninvolved skin from patients with and without clinical skin involvement, unassociated with the deposition of immunoreactants. The precise mechanism for diminished tissue lytic activity in these latter patients is not known, but it may be associated with generalized activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms that result in local depletion of tissue fibrinolytic activity. These local changes may aggravate the clinical course of the disease as well as inhibit the healing of the lesions.
Collapse
|