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Betker JL, Anchordoquy TJ. The Effect of Repeat Administration of Lipoplexes on Gene Delivery, Biodistribution, and Cytokine Response in Immunocompetent Tumor-bearing Mice. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1926-1936. [PMID: 34929156 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that the intravenous administration of nanoparticles elicits an immune response that compromises delivery efficiency and can be life threatening. This study investigated both the systemic and tissue-level cytokine response to repeat administration of lipoplexes coated with either lactose or PEG. We report that blood cytokine levels differ significantly from that observed in individual tissues. While we consistently observed a reduced cytokine response to lactosylated particles, this did not result in enhanced delivery or expression as compared to PEGylated formulations. We also document that repeat injection did not increase plasmid levels in the liver, lung, or spleen, but delivery to the tumor was enhanced under these conditions. In addition, we show that changes in neither blood nor tissue cytokines correlated strongly with reporter gene expression, and we observed relatively constant expression efficiencies (RLU/ng plasmid) across all tissues despite a considerably reduced cytokine response in the tumor. Together, these results indicate that both biodistribution and cytokine responses are dramatically altered by a repeat intravenous injection of lipoplexes, and that the mechanisms regulating reporter gene expression are not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Betker
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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2
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Tang J, Rakshit M, Chua HM, Darwitan A, Nguyen LTH, Muktabar A, Venkatraman S, Ng KW. Liposome interaction with macrophages and foam cells for atherosclerosis treatment: effects of size, surface charge and lipid composition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:505105. [PMID: 34536952 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are potential drug carriers for atherosclerosis therapy due to low immunogenicity and ease of surface modifications that allow them to have prolonged circulation half-life and specifically target atherosclerotic sites to increase uptake efficiency. However, the effects of their size, charge, and lipid compositions on macrophage and foam cell behaviour are not fully understood. In this study, liposomes of different sizes (60 nm, 100 nm and 180 nm), charges (-40 mV, -20 mV, neutral, +15 mV and +30 mV) and lipid compositions (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, L-a-phosphatidylcholine, and egg sphingomyelin) were synthesized, characterized and exposed to macrophages and foam cells. Compared to 100 nm neutral 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes, flow cytometry and confocal imaging indicated that cationic liposomes and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) liposomes were internalized more by both macrophages and foam cells. Through endocytosis inhibition, phagocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis were identified as the dominant mechanisms of uptake. Anionic and DSPC liposomes induced more cholesterol efflux capacity in foam cells. These results provide a guide for the optimal size, charge, and lipid composition of liposomes as drug carriers for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Moumita Rakshit
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Huei Min Chua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Anastasia Darwitan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Luong T H Nguyen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Aristo Muktabar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Subbu Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, 637141, Singapore
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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Bryan L, Clynes M, Meleady P. The emerging role of cellular post-translational modifications in modulating growth and productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107757. [PMID: 33895332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are one of the most commonly used host cell lines used for the production human therapeutic proteins. Much research over the past two decades has focussed on improving the growth, titre and cell specific productivity of CHO cells and in turn lowering the costs associated with production of recombinant proteins. CHO cell engineering has become of particular interest in recent years following the publication of the CHO cell genome and the availability of data relating to the proteome, transcriptome and metabolome of CHO cells. However, data relating to the cellular post-translational modification (PTMs) which can affect the functionality of CHO cellular proteins has only begun to be presented in recent years. PTMs are important to many cellular processes and can further alter proteins by increasing the complexity of proteins and their interactions. In this review, we describe the research presented from CHO cells to date related on three of the most important PTMs; glycosylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bryan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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4
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Fang Y, Vadlamudi M, Huang Y, Guo X. Lipid-Coated, pH-Sensitive Magnesium Phosphate Particles for Intracellular Protein Delivery. Pharm Res 2019; 36:81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Makyła-Juzak K, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Dynarowicz-Latka P, Dąbczyński P, Zemla J. The Effect of Dextran Sulfate-as Model Glycosaminoglycan Analogue-on Membrane Lipids: DPPC, Cholesterol, and DPPC-Cholesterol Mixture. The Monolayer Study. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:641-651. [PMID: 30030544 PMCID: PMC6244761 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrices (ECMs) located on the outer surface of cellular membranes. They belong to the group of polysaccharides involved in diverse biological processes acting on the surface and across natural lipid membranes. Recently, particular attention has been focused on possible role of GAGs in the amyloid deposits. The amyloid formation is related to a disorder in protein folding, causing that soluble-in normal conditions-peptides become deposited extracellularly as insoluble fibrils, impairing tissue structure and its function. One of the hypothesis holds that GAGs may inhibit amyloid formation by interacting with the lipid membrane by blocking the accumulation of protein aggregates on the membrane surface. Although the biophysical properties of GAGs are described rather well, little is known about the nature of association between these polysaccharides and components of natural cell membranes. Therefore, a study of GAGs influence on membrane lipids is of particular importance. The aim of the present work is to get insight into the effect of hydrophilic dextran sulfate (DS)-that can be considered as GAG analogue-on membrane lipids organization. This study was based on examining interactions between DS sodium salt of molecular weight equal to about 40 kDa (DS40), dissolved in water subphase, and a model membrane, mimicked as Langmuir monolayer, formed by representative natural membrane lipids: cholesterol and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) as well as their mixtures. Due to the fact that calcium ions in excess may accumulate in the lipid membrane, attracting high molecular weight molecules to their surface, the influence of calcium ions present in the subphase on the DS40 activity has also been examined. It has been found that negatively charged DS, forming a sublayer underneath the monolayer, barely interacts with membrane lipids; however, in the presence of calcium ions the electrostatic interactions between DS40 and lipid membrane are significantly enhanced, leading to the formation of network-like crystalline structures at the surface of model membrane, which can prevent incorporation and interaction with other extracellular molecules, e.g., proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Makyła-Juzak
- Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Chachaj-Brekiesz
- Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Dynarowicz-Latka
- Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Zemla
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
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Meneksedag-Erol D, Tang T, Uludağ H. Mechanistic insights into the role of glycosaminoglycans in delivery of polymeric nucleic acid nanoparticles by molecular dynamics simulations. Biomaterials 2018; 156:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Bygd HC, Ma L, Bratlie KM. Physicochemical properties of liposomal modifiers that shift macrophage phenotype. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Lee S, Kim MG, Kim N, Heo WD, Lee GM. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis in CHO DG44 and HEK293 cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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trans-2-Aminocyclohexanol-based amphiphiles as highly efficient helper lipids for gene delivery by lipoplexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:3113-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Composites of malonic acid diamides and phospholipids — Impact of lipoplex stability on transfection efficiency. J Control Release 2015; 220:295-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Zhang H, Huang X, Sun Y, Lu G, Wang K, Wang Z, Xing J, Gao Y. Improvement of pulmonary absorption of poorly absorbable macromolecules by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin grafted polyethylenimine (HP-β-CD-PEI) in rats. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Patil-Gadhe AA, Kyadarkunte AY, Pereira M, Jejurikar G, Patole MS, Risbud A, Pokharkar VB. Rifapentine-proliposomes for inhalation: in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Toxicol Int 2015; 21:275-82. [PMID: 25948966 PMCID: PMC4413410 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.155361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treatment suffers from the limitation of hepatic metabolism leading insufficient concentration of antitubercular (anti-TB) drugs in alveolar macrophage which harbors Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Targeted aerosol delivery of antituberculous drug to lung is efficient for treating local lung TB infection. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate rifapentine (RPT) loaded proliposomal dry powder for inhalation (RLDPI) for anti-TBactivity and cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo toxicity study was also undertaken in Wistar rats to determine safe concentration of RLDPI for administration. Materials and Methods: Anti-TB activity of developed RLDPI was assessed using drug susceptibility testing (DST) on Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) method. In vitro cytotoxicity was performed in A549 cell lines and IC50 values were used to compare the cytotoxicity of formulation with pure RPT. In vivo repeated dose toxicity study was undertaken using Wistar rats at three different doses for 28-days by intratracheal insufflations method. Results: The results of DST study revealed sensitivity of tubercle bacteria to RLDPI at concentration equivalent to 10 μg/mL of RPT. This study confirmed anti-TB potential of RPT in spray-dried RLDPI, though the spray drying method is reported to reduce activity of drugs. Cytotoxicity study in A549 cells demonstrated that RPT when encapsulated in liposomes as RLDPI was safe to cells as compared to pure RPT. In vivo toxicity study revealed that RPT in the form of RLDPI was safe at 1 and 5 mg/kg dose. However, mortality was seen at higher dose (10 mg/kg), possibly because of liver and kidney damage. Conclusion: Thus, these studies demonstrated safety of RLDPI for the treatment of pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana A Patil-Gadhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, India ; National Centre for Cell Sciences, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Abhay Y Kyadarkunte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, India ; National Centre for Cell Sciences, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Michael Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, National Aids Research Centre, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gauri Jejurikar
- Department of Microbiology, National Aids Research Centre, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind S Patole
- National Centre for Cell Sciences, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Arun Risbud
- Department of Microbiology, National Aids Research Centre, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varsha B Pokharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, India
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13
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ZHOU HAN, MA XIAOFENG, LIU YONGZE, DONG LEI, LUO YI, ZHU GUANGJIE, QIAN XIAOYUN, CHEN JIE, LU LIN, WANG JUNGUO, GAO XIA. Linear polyethylenimine-plasmid DNA nanoparticles are ototoxic to the cultured sensory epithelium of neonatal mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4381-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Asthana S, Jaiswal AK, Gupta PK, Dube A, Chourasia MK. Th-1 biased immunomodulation and synergistic antileishmanial activity of stable cationic lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticle: Biodistribution and toxicity assessment of encapsulated amphotericin B. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:62-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Kelly C, Lawlor C, Burke C, Barlow JW, Ramsey JM, Jefferies C, Cryan SA. High-throughput methods for screening liposome–macrophage cell interaction. J Liposome Res 2014; 25:211-221. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2014.987785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Egorova A, Bogacheva M, Shubina A, Baranov V, Kiselev A. Development of a receptor-targeted gene delivery system using CXCR4 ligand-conjugated cross-linking peptides. J Gene Med 2014; 16:336-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnostics of Inherited Diseases; D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology RAMS; Saint-Petersburg Russia
| | - Maria Bogacheva
- Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnostics of Inherited Diseases; D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology RAMS; Saint-Petersburg Russia
| | - Anastasia Shubina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology; Saint-Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg Russia
| | - Vladislav Baranov
- Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnostics of Inherited Diseases; D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology RAMS; Saint-Petersburg Russia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology; Saint-Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg Russia
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnostics of Inherited Diseases; D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology RAMS; Saint-Petersburg Russia
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Alves P, Hugo A, Szymanowski F, Tymczyszyn E, Pérez P, Coelho J, Simões P, Gómez-Zavaglia A. Stabilization of polymer lipid complexes prepared with lipids of lactic acid bacteria upon preservation and internalization into eukaryotic cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:446-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Tanaka H, Akita H, Ishiba R, Tange K, Arai M, Kubo K, Harashima H. Neutral biodegradable lipid-envelope-type nanoparticle using vitamin A-Scaffold for nuclear targeting of plasmid DNA. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1755-61. [PMID: 24290811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes and cytoplasm, a diffusion-limited region for nanoparticles are critical barriers to be overcome for the successful gene delivery. We herein report on a neutral, and intracellularly degradable lipid nanoparticle (LNP), containing encapsulated plasmid DNA (pDNA) that can be effectively delivered to the nucleus. A key material component in this particle is a vitamin A-scaffold SS-cleavable Proton-Activated Lipid-like Material ((SS)PalmA), which contains tertiary amine groups as proton sponge units that can respond to the acidic pH in endosomes, disulfide bonding for programmed collapse in the cytoplasm, and retinoic acid (RA) as a hydrophobic unit for assembly into LNP. LNP prepared using (SS)PalmA (LNP(PalmA)) exhibited a 15-fold higher gene expression activity compared to particles prepared with a simple acyl chain (myristoyl group)-scaffold one (LNPPalmM). Intracellular imaging studies revealed that LNP(PalmA) unexpectedly showed excessive endosome-disruptive characteristics. Furthermore, the decapsulation of pDNA slowly, but successively occurred in parallel with peri-nuclear accumulation. Nuclear targeting was blocked in the presence of native RA. Collectively, LNP(PalmA) is an intelligent particle that passes through the cytoplasm in particle form with the aid of the intrinsic nuclear transport system of RA, and thereafter releases its encapsulated pDNA for effective gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Ishiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- NOF Corporation, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Masaya Arai
- NOF Corporation, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kubo
- NOF Corporation, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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Guo X, Gagne L, Chen H, Szoka FC. Novel ortho ester-based, pH-sensitive cationic lipid for gene deliveryin vitroandin vivo. J Liposome Res 2013; 24:90-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.848886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Inoh Y, Tadokoro S, Tanabe H, Inoue M, Hirashima N, Nakanishi M, Furuno T. Inhibitory effects of a cationic liposome on allergic reaction mediated by mast cell activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1731-8. [PMID: 24099793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that cationic liposomes exert immunomodulatory effects with low immunogenicity and toxicity, and offer advantages such as easy preparation and targeting. Cationic liposomes not only transport DNA to immune cells but also enhance the function of antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Here, we investigated the effect of a particular cationic liposome on mast cell function during allergic reaction. We found that the cationic liposomes bound to the mast cell surface suppressed degranulation induced by cross-linking of high affinity immunoglobulin E receptors in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The suppression of degranulation was mediated by impairment of the sustained level of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) derived from the inhibition of store-operated Ca(2+) entry. The decrease in sustained elevation of [Ca(2+)]i led to the suppression of phosphorylation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor proteins such as SNAP-23, syntaxin-4, which are necessary for membrane fusion between secretory granules and the plasma membrane during degranulation. Furthermore, the cationic liposomes suppressed vascular permeability elevation induced by mast cell activation in mice. These results showed that cationic liposomes possess the novel property of inhibiting mast cell activation, suggesting the possibility of developing cationic liposomes as anti-allergic effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Inoh
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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Biomaterial-Based Vectors for Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acids to the Nervous System. DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE IN PERSONALISED TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6010-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Santo VE, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Chitosan-chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles for controlled delivery of platelet lysates in bone regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 6 Suppl 3:s47-59. [PMID: 22684916 DOI: 10.1002/term.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) based on the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and chondroitin sulphate (CH-CS NPs) is proposed for the controlled release of proteins and growth factors (GFs), specifically platelet lysates (PLs). These nanoparticulate carriers are particularly promising for protein entrapment because the interactions between the polysaccharides and the entrapped proteins mimic the interactions between chondroitin sulphate and proteins in the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Spherical non-cytotoxic NPs were successfully produced, exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency for physiological levels of GFs and a controlled protein release profile for > 1 month. Moreover, it was also observed that these NPs can be uptaken by human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), depending on the concentration of NPs in the culture medium and incubation time. This shows the versatility of the developed NPs, which, besides acting as a protein delivery system, can also be used in the future as intracellular carriers for bioactive agents, such as nucleotides. When the PL-loaded NPs were used as a replacement of bovine serum for in vitro hASCs culture, the viability and proliferation of hASCs was not compromised. The release of PLs from CH-CS NPs also proved to be effective for the enhancement of in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, as shown by the increased levels of mineralization, suggesting not only the effective role of the delivery system but also the role of PLs as an osteogenic supplement for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Ave Park, Guimarães, Portugal
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Zeng Z, Patel J, Lee SH, McCallum M, Tyagi A, Yan M, Shea KJ. Synthetic polymer nanoparticle-polysaccharide interactions: a systematic study. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2681-90. [PMID: 22229911 PMCID: PMC3275679 DOI: 10.1021/ja209959t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) and biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides) can profoundly influence the NPs fate and function. Polysaccharides (e.g., heparin/heparin sulfate) are a key component of cell surfaces and the extracelluar matrix and play critical roles in many biological processes. We report a systematic investigation of the interaction between synthetic polymer nanoparticles and polysaccharides by ITC, SPR, and an anticoagulant assay to provide guidelines to engineer nanoparticles for biomedical applications. The interaction between acrylamide nanoparticles (~30 nm) and heparin is mainly enthalpy driven with submicromolar affinity. Hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, and dehydration of polar groups are identified to be key contributions to the affinity. It has been found that high charge density and cross-linking of the NP can contribute to high affinity. The affinity and binding capacity of heparin can be significantly diminished by an increase in salt concentration while only slightly decreased with an increase of temperature. A striking difference in binding thermodynamics has been observed when the main component of a polymer nanoparticle is changed from acrylamide (enthalpy driven) to N-isopropylacryalmide (entropy driven). This change in thermodynamics leads to different responses of these two types of polymer NPs to salt concentration and temperature. Select synthetic polymer nanoparticles have also been shown to inhibit protein-heparin interactions and thus offer the potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Jiten Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Shih-Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Monica McCallum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97207
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97207
| | - Kenneth J. Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
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Takano K, Sato K, Negishi Y, Aramaki Y. Involvement of actin cytoskeleton in macrophage apoptosis induced by cationic liposomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 518:89-94. [PMID: 22203089 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We clarified whether actin cytoskeleton is involved in the macrophage apoptosis induced by cationic liposomes composed of stearylamine (SA-liposomes). Externalization of phosphatidylserine induced by SA-liposomes was suppressed by cytochalasin D, a specific inhibitor of polymerization of F-actin. Furthermore, activation of PKCδ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which could be involved in the macrophage apoptosis, were inhibited by cytochalasin D. Microscopical observation revealed the co-localization of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled SA-liposomes and fluorescein-labeled phalloidin, which specifically binds to F-actin, and this co-localization was also inhibited by cytochalasin D. Co-localization of SA-liposomes and F-actin was also inhibited by the pre-treatment of cells with chondroitinase ABC. These findings could be the first observation concerning the contribution of the proteoglycan-actin cytoskeleton-ROS generation pathway to apoptosis induced by SA-liposomes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Takano
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Silva JPN, Oliveira ACN, Casal MPPA, Gomes AC, Coutinho PJG, Coutinho OP, Oliveira MECDR. DODAB:monoolein-based lipoplexes as non-viral vectors for transfection of mammalian cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2440-9. [PMID: 21787746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA/Cationic liposome complexes (lipoplexes) have been widely used as non-viral vectors for transfection. Neutral lipids in liposomal formulation are determinant for transfection efficiency using these vectors. In this work, we studied the potential of monoolein (MO) as helper lipid for cellular transfection. Lipoplexes composed of pDNA and dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB)/1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol (MO) at different molar ratios (4:1, 2:1 and 1:1) and at different cationic lipid/DNA ratios were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the lipoplexes (size, charge and structure), were studied by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential (ζ) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The effect of MO on pDNA condensation and the effect of heparin and heparan sulphate on the percentage of pDNA release from the lipoplexes were also studied by Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) exclusion assays and electrophoresis. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of these lipoplexes were evaluated using 293T cells and compared with the golden standard helper lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-hosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and cholesterol (Chol) as well as with a commercial transfection agent (Lipofectamine™ LTX). The internalization of transfected fluorescently-labeled pDNA was also visualized using the same cell line. The results demonstrate that the presence of MO not only increases pDNA compactation efficiency, but also affects the physicochemical properties of the lipoplexes, which can interfere with lipoplex-cell interactions. The DODAB:MO formulations tested showed little toxicity and successfully mediated in vitro cell transfection. These results were supported by fluorescence microscopy studies, which illustrated that lipoplexes were able to access the cytosol and deliver pDNA to the nucleus. DODAB:MO-based lipoplexes were thus validated as non-toxic, efficient lipofection vectors for genetic modification of mammalian cells. Understanding the relation between structure and activity of MO-based lipoplexes will further strengthen the development of these novel delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Neves Silva
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, CP, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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26
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Kafil V, Omidi Y. Cytotoxic impacts of linear and branched polyethylenimine nanostructures in a431 cells. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2011; 1:23-30. [PMID: 23678404 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2011.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyethylenimine (PEI), as a nonviral cationic polymer, has been widely used as gene delivery nanosystem. Although a number of investigations have highlighted its toxic impacts on target cells through induction of apoptosis/necrosis, still it is essential to look at its structural impacts on target cells. METHODS In this current study, cytogenomic impacts of 25 kD linear and branched PEI (LPEI and BPEI, respectively) in A431 cells are reported to address possible mechanism for induction of apoptosis. At 40-50% confluency, A431 cells were exposed to PEI at a recommended concentration for 4 hr. After 24 hr, to detect apoptosis and DNA damage, the treated cells were subjected to MTT assay, FITC-labeled annexin V flow cytometry and comet assay. RESULTS Flow cytometry assessments revealed that the BPEI can result in greater internalization than the linear PEI, which also induced greater cytotoxicity. Annexin V assay confirmed early and late apoptosis by BPEI, imposing somewhat DNA damage detected by comet assay. Western blot analysis resulted in induction of Akt-kinase which is possibly one of biomolecules affected by PEI. CONCLUSION These results highlight that, despite induction of Akt-kinase, the BPEI can elicit apoptosis in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vala Kafil
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Ziegler A, Seelig J. Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR9. Biochemistry 2011; 50:4650-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1019429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Ziegler
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Seelig
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Targeted liposomal drug delivery to monocytes and macrophages. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2010; 2011:727241. [PMID: 21512579 PMCID: PMC3065850 DOI: 10.1155/2011/727241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As the role of monocytes and macrophages in a range of diseases is better understood, strategies to target these cell types are of growing importance both scientifically and therapeutically. As particulate carriers, liposomes naturally target cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), particularly macrophages. Loading drugs into liposomes can therefore offer an efficient means of drug targeting to MPS cells. Physicochemical properties including size, charge and lipid composition can have a very significant effect on the efficiency with which liposomes target MPS cells. MPS cells express a range of receptors including scavenger receptors, integrins, mannose receptors and Fc-receptors that can be targeted by the addition of ligands to liposome surfaces. These ligands include peptides, antibodies and lectins and have the advantages of increasing target specificity and avoiding the need for cationic lipids to trigger intracellular delivery. The goal for targeting monocytes/macrophages using liposomes includes not only drug delivery but also potentially a role in cell ablation and cell activation for the treatment of conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, HIV, and chronic inflammation.
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29
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McLendon PM, Fichter KM, Reineke TM. Poly(glycoamidoamine) vehicles promote pDNA uptake through multiple routes and efficient gene expression via caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:738-50. [PMID: 20349982 DOI: 10.1021/mp900282e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of synthetic polymers for the delivery of nucleic acids holds considerable promise for understanding and treating disease at the molecular level. This work aims to decipher the cellular internalization mechanisms for a series of synthetic glycopolymer DNA delivery vehicles we have termed poly(glycoamidoamine)s (PGAAs). To this end, we have performed cellular delivery experiments in the presence of pharmacological endocytosis inhibitors. Confocal microscopy analysis showed colocalization of labeled pDNA in polyplexes with immunolabeled endocytic molecules to identify the cellular internalization pathways in HeLa cells. Direct membrane penetration was also investigated through various methods, including cellular energy depletion and leakage of a cytosolic enzyme from the cell. The data suggests that the cellular internalization of PGAA polyplexes occurs through a multifaceted internalization mechanism primarily involving caveolae, yet clathrin-coated vesicles and macropinosomes were also involved to a lesser degree. The primary mechanism that leads to efficient nuclear delivery and transgene expression appears to be caveolae/raft-mediated endocytosis. The cellular internalization pathways for PGAAs were not identical to those for polyethylenimine, illustrating that differences in the chemical structure of materials directly impacts the cellular internalization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McLendon
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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30
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Khondee S, Yakovleva T, Berkland C. Low charge polyvinylamine nanogels offer sustained, low-level gene expression. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Rao NM. Cationic lipid-mediated nucleic acid delivery: beyond being cationic. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Arisaka M, Nakamura T, Yamada A, Negishi Y, Aramaki Y. Involvement of protein kinase Cδ in induction of apoptosis by cationic liposomes in macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1016-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Cationic lipids activate cellular cascades. Which receptors are involved? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:425-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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ZHOU QINGHUI, YOU YEZI, WU CHAO, HUANG YI, OUPICKÝ DAVID. Cyclic RGD-targeting of reversibly stabilized DNA nanoparticles enhances cell uptake and transfection in vitro. J Drug Target 2009; 17:364-73. [PMID: 19263264 PMCID: PMC4655816 DOI: 10.1080/10611860902807046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversibly stabilized DNA nanoparticles (rSDN) were prepared by coating reducible polycation/DNA complexes with multivalent N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers. RGD-targeted rSDN were formulated by linking cyclic c(RGDyK) to the surface layer of rSDN. Cellular uptake in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and THLE immortalized hepatic cells was quantified by real-time PCR. RGD-targeted rSDN exhibited approximately twofold higher cell uptake in integrin-positive cells: B16F10 and HUVEC compared to THLE cells with low integrin content. RGD-targeting mediated increased transfection activity in B16F10 cells but not in THLE cells. Overall, the studies show that rSDN can be effectively targeted with RGD while exhibiting reduced nonspecific cell interactions and favorable stability. As such, these gene delivery vectors have the potential to permit targeting therapeutic genes to tumors by systemic delivery. In addition, the study shows that real-time PCR could be used effectively for the quantification of cellular uptake of gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- QING-HUI ZHOU
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, Tel: 313-577-6511; Fax: 313-577-2033
| | - YE-ZI YOU
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, Tel: 313-577-6511; Fax: 313-577-2033
| | - CHAO WU
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, Tel: 313-577-6511; Fax: 313-577-2033
| | - YI HUANG
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, Tel: 313-577-6511; Fax: 313-577-2033
| | - DAVID OUPICKÝ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, Tel: 313-577-6511; Fax: 313-577-2033
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35
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Spectroscopic methods for the physical characterization and formulation of nonviral gene delivery systems. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2008; 434:55-80. [PMID: 18470639 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-248-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, with the exception of naked DNA formulations, most pharmaceutical preparations of plasmid DNA employ some type of polycationic delivery vector such as synthetic cationic polymers and lipids to enhance delivery. A number of biophysical techniques are readily available for the structural characterization of plasmid DNA within synthetic gene delivery complexes. Here we present applications of ultraviolet (UV) absorption, circular dichroism (CD), infrared (IR), and fluorescence spectroscopies as well as dynamic light scattering to the structural analysis of the oligonucleotide component of nonviral gene delivery vectors. We also illustrate this approach for the investigation of the formulation of lipoplex and polyplex-based gene delivery systems. To summarize such data, we show how the macromolecular complexes can be represented as vectors in a highly dimensional space in which the components of the vector consist of normalized values of experimental parameters measured as a function of different solution conditions such as pH and ionic strength.
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36
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of principles and barriers relevant to intracellular drug and gene transport, accumulation and retention (collectively called as drug delivery) by means of nanovehicles (NV). The aim is to deliver a cargo to a particular intracellular site, if possible, to exert a local action. Some of the principles discussed in this article apply to noncolloidal drugs that are not permeable to the plasma membrane or to the blood-brain barrier. NV are defined as a wide range of nanosized particles leading to colloidal objects which are capable of entering cells and tissues and delivering a cargo intracelullarly. Different localization and targeting means are discussed. Limited discussion on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is also presented. NVs are contrasted to micro-delivery and current nanotechnologies which are already in commercial use. Newer developments in NV technologies are outlined and future applications are stressed. We also briefly review the existing modeling tools and approaches to quantitatively describe the behavior of targeted NV within the vascular and tumor compartments, an area of particular importance. While we list "elementary" phenomena related to different level of complexity of delivery to cancer, we also stress importance of multi-scale modeling and bottom-up systems biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Prokop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 24th Avenue & Garland Avenues, 107 Olin Hall, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
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37
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Abstract
The recent discovery of new potent therapeutic molecules which do not reach the clinic due to poor delivery and low bioavailability have made the delivery of molecules a keystone in therapeutic development. Several technologies have been designed to improve cellular uptake of therapeutic molecules, including CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides), which represent a new and innovative concept to bypass the problem of bioavailability of drugs. CPPs constitute very promising tools and have been successfully applied for in vivo. Two CPP strategies have been described to date; the first one requires chemical linkage between the drug and the carrier for cellular drug internalization, and the second is based on the formation of stable complexes with drugs, depending on their chemical nature. The Pep and MPG families are short amphipathic peptides, which form stable nanoparticles with proteins and nucleic acids respectively. MPG- and Pep-based nanoparticles enter cells independently of the endosomal pathway and efficiently deliver cargoes, in a fully biologically active form, into a large variety of cell lines, as well as in animal models. This review focuses on the structure-function relationship of non-covalent MPG and Pep-1 strategies, and their requirement for cellular uptake of biomolecules and applications in cultured cells and animal models.
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38
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Ziegler A, Seelig J. Binding and clustering of glycosaminoglycans: a common property of mono- and multivalent cell-penetrating compounds. Biophys J 2008; 94:2142-9. [PMID: 18065465 PMCID: PMC2257919 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observations in cell culture provide evidence that negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) at the surface of biological cells bind cationic cell-penetrating compounds (CPCs) and cluster during CPC binding, thereby contributing to their endocytotic uptake. The GAG binding and clustering occur in the low-micromolar concentration range and suggest a tight interaction between GAGs and CPCs, although the relation between binding affinity and specificity of this interaction remains to be investigated. We therefore measured the GAG binding and clustering of various mono- and multivalent CPCs such as DNA transfection vectors (polyethylenimine; 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane), amino acid homopolymers (oligoarginine; oligolysine), and cell-penetrating peptides (Penetratin; HIV-1 Tat) by means of isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering. We find that these structurally diverse CPCs share the property of GAG binding and clustering. The binding is very tight (microscopic dissociation constants between 0.34 and 1.34 microM) and thus biologically relevant. The hydrodynamic radius of the resulting aggregates ranges from 78 nm to 586 nm, suggesting that they consist of numerous GAG chains cross-linked by CPCs. Likewise, the membrane-permeant monovalent cation acridine orange leads to GAG binding and clustering, in contrast to its membrane-impermeant structural analogs propidium iodide and ethidium bromide. Because the binding and clustering of GAGs were found to be a common denominator of all CPCs tested, these properties might be helpful to identify further CPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ziegler
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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39
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Deshayes S, Morris M, Heitz F, Divita G. Delivery of proteins and nucleic acids using a non-covalent peptide-based strategy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:537-47. [PMID: 18037526 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of new potent therapeutic molecules which do not reach the clinic due to poor delivery and low bioavailability have made of delivery a key stone in therapeutic development. Several technologies have been designed to improve cellular uptake of therapeutic molecules, including cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which have been successfully applied for in vivo delivery of biomolecules and constitute very promising tools. Distinct families of CPPs have been described; some require chemical linkage between the drug and the carrier for cellular drug internalization while others like Pep-and MPG-families, form stable complexes with drugs depending on their chemical nature. Pep and MPG are short amphipathic peptides, which form stable nanoparticles with proteins and nucleic acids respectively. MPG and Pep based nanoparticles enter cells independently of the endosomal pathway and efficiently deliver cargoes in a fully biologically active form into a large variety of cell lines as well as in animal models. This review will focus on the mechanisms of non-covalent MPG and Pep-1 strategies and their applications in cultured cells and animal models.
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40
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Sugimoto K, Ogawa A, Mizoguchi E, Shimomura Y, Andoh A, Bhan AK, Blumberg RS, Xavier RJ, Mizoguchi A. IL-22 ameliorates intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:534-44. [PMID: 18172556 PMCID: PMC2157567 DOI: 10.1172/jci33194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of IL-22 is induced in several human inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Expression of the IL-22 receptor is restricted to innate immune cells; however, the role of IL-22 in colitis has not yet been defined. We developed what we believe to be a novel microinjection-based local gene-delivery system that is capable of targeting the inflamed intestine. Using this approach, we demonstrated a therapeutic potency for IL-22-mediated activation of the innate immune pathway in a mouse model of Th2-mediated colitis that induces disease with characteristics similar to that of IBD ulcerative colitis (UC). IL-22 gene delivery enhanced STAT3 activation specifically within colonic epithelial cells and induced both STAT3-dependent expression of mucus-associated molecules and restitution of mucus-producing goblet cells. Importantly, IL-22 gene delivery led to rapid amelioration of local intestinal inflammation. The amelioration of disease by IL-22 was mediated by enhanced mucus production. In addition, local gene delivery was used to inhibit IL-22 activity through overexpression of IL-22-binding protein. Treatment with IL-22-binding protein suppressed goblet cell restitution during the recovery phase of a dextran sulfate sodium-induced model of acute colitis. These data demonstrate what we believe to be a novel function for IL-22 in the intestine and suggest the potency of a local IL-22 gene-delivery system for treating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sugimoto
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsuhiro Ogawa
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emiko Mizoguchi
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akira Andoh
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atul K. Bhan
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Le Gourriérec L, Di Giorgio C, Greiner J, Vierling P. Formulation of PEG–folic acid coated nanometric DNA particles from perfluoroalkylated cationic dimerizable detergents and in vitro folate-targeted intracellular delivery. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b806043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wen X, Wang T, Wang Z, Li L, Zhao C. Preparation of konjac glucomannan hydrogels as DNA-controlled release matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 42:256-63. [PMID: 18190958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hydrogels for DNA-controlled release was prepared with konjac glucomannan (KGM), a water-soluble non-ionic polysaccharide, by means of deacetylated reaction and physically cross-linking method under mild conditions. The properties of the KGM hydrogels were analyzed by FTIR spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The integrality of the released DNA was investigated by circular dichroism (CD). The DNA release kinetics was performed using the DNA-loaded KGM gels in buffer solutions of pH 7.4 at 37+/-0.5 degrees C. Peppas model and Higuchi model were used to analysis the DNA release mechanism; the data indicated that the DNA release can be controlled by changing the preparation conditions and the structure parameters of the gels. This study suggested that the KGM hydrogels have a potential use for advanced controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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Hartig SM, Greene RR, Dikov MM, Prokop A, Davidson JM. Multifunctional Nanoparticulate Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Pharm Res 2007; 24:2353-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bai S, Thomas C, Ahsan F. Dendrimers as a Carrier for Pulmonary Delivery of Enoxaparin, a Low-Molecular Weight Heparin. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2090-106. [PMID: 17286291 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that positively charged dendrimers form a complex with enoxaparin, a low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and that the resulting drug-dendrimer complex is effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis after pulmonary administration. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the azure A assay were used to evaluate interactions between dendrimers and enoxaparin. The efficacy of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in enhancing pulmonary absorption of enoxaparin was studied by administering enoxaparin-dendrimer formulations into the lungs of anesthetized rats and monitoring drug absorption by measuring plasma anti-factor Xa activity. The optimized formulations were evaluated for their efficacy in preventing deep vein thrombosis in a rodent model. The safety of the formulations was tested by studying their effects on mucociliary transport rate (MTR) in a frog palate model and by measuring injury markers in rat bronchoalveolar fluid. The FTIR data and azure A assay revealed ionic interactions between the amino groups of cationic dendrimers and the carboxylic and sulfate groups of enoxaparin. Positively charged dendrimers increased the relative bioavailability of enoxaparin by 40%, while a negatively charged dendrimer had no effect. Formulations containing 1% G2 or 0.5% G3 PAMAM dendrimer plus enoxaparin were as efficacious in preventing deep vein thrombosis in a rat model as subcutaneously administered enoxaparin. The formulations did not adversely affect the MTR or produce extensive damage to the lungs. Positively charged dendrimers are a suitable carrier for pulmonary delivery of enoxaparin. They enhance pulmonary absorption of LMWH probably by reducing negative surface charge density of the drug molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA
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Gerbal-Chaloin S, Gondeau C, Aldrian-Herrada G, Heitz F, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Divita G. First step of the cell-penetrating peptide mechanism involves Rac1 GTPase-dependent actin-network remodelling. Biol Cell 2007; 99:223-38. [PMID: 17233629 DOI: 10.1042/bc20060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Application of CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides) constitutes a promising strategy for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. The non-covalent approach based on the amphipathic peptide MPG has been successfully used to improve the delivery of biologically active macromolecules, both in cellulo and in vivo, through a mechanism independent of the endosomal pathway and mediated by the membrane potential. RESULTS In the present study, we have investigated the first step of the cellular uptake mechanism of MPG and shown that both MPG and MPG-cargo complexes interact with the extracellular matrix through the negatively charged heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We demonstrated that initiation of cellular uptake constitutes a highly dynamic mechanism where the binding of MPG or the MPG-cargo to the extracellular matrix is rapidly followed by a remodelling of the actin network associated with the activation of the GTPase Rac1. We suggest that MPG-induced clustering of the glycosaminoglycan platform constitutes the 'onset' of the cellular uptake mechanism, thereby increasing membrane dynamics and membrane fusion processes. This process favours cell entry of MPG or MPG-DNA complexes, which is further controlled by the ability of MPG to induce a local membrane destabilization. CONCLUSIONS Although CPPs are taken up through different pathways and mechanisms, the initial step involves electrostatic interactions with the glycosaminoglycan platform, and the dynamics of associated membrane microdomains can be generalized to most non-viral delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Molecular Biophysics and Therapeutics, FRE-2593 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Theoharis S, Manunta M, Tan PH. Gene delivery to vascular endothelium using chemical vectors: implications for cardiovascular gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:627-43. [PMID: 17477801 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.5.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is an attractive target for gene therapy because of its accessibility and its importance in the pathophysiology of a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. In general, viral methods have been shown to be very effective at delivering genes to endothelium. The immunogenicity and pathogenicity associated with viral vectors have led increased efforts to seek alternative means of 'ferrying' therapeutic genes to endothelium or to decrease the short-comings of viral vectors. This paper reviews developments in non-viral technology. In addition, discussion also covers the mechanisms whereby existing chemical vectors deliver DNA to cells. Understanding the pathways of vector internalisation and intracellular traffic is important in developing strategies to improve vector technology. The authors propose that the chemical vector may represent a robust and versatile technology to 'ferry' therapeutic genes to vascular endothelium in order to modify the endothelial dysfunction associated with many cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Theoharis
- Imperial College London, Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
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Hartig SM, Greene R, Carlesso G, Higginbotham JN, Khan WN, Prokop A, Davidson JM. Kinetic analysis of nanoparticulate polyelectrolyte complex interactions with endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3843-55. [PMID: 17560645 PMCID: PMC2000344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A non-toxic, nanoparticulate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) drug delivery system was formulated to maintain suitable physicochemical properties at physiological pH. Toxicity, binding, and internalization were evaluated in relevant microvascular endothelial cells. PEC were non-toxic, as indicated by cell proliferation studies and propidium iodide staining. Inhibitor studies revealed that PEC were bound, in part, via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and internalized through macropinocytosis. A novel, flow cytometric, Scatchard protocol was established and showed that PEC, in the absence of surface modification, bind cells non-specifically with positive cooperativity, as seen by graphical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Hartig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604
| | - Rachel Greene
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604
| | - Gianluca Carlesso
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2562
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2562
| | - James N. Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2562
| | - Wasif N. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2562
| | - Ales Prokop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604
| | - Jeffrey M. Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2562
- Research Service, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212-2637
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Brandwijk RJMGE, Griffioen AW, Thijssen VLJL. Targeted gene-delivery strategies for angiostatic cancer treatment. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:200-9. [PMID: 17379575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the promising strategies in cancer treatment. Recent studies identified molecular targets on angiogenically activated endothelial cells that can be used to deliver gene-transfer vehicles to the tumor site specifically. Furthermore, non-viral vehicles are emerging as an alternative for traditional viral gene-therapy approaches. Here, we describe how viral and non-viral gene-transfer vehicles have been and can be modified to target tumor endothelial cells for anti-angiogenesis gene therapy. Improving the specificity and safety of existing gene-therapy vehicles will make angiogenesis-targeted cancer gene therapy a valuable tool in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J M G E Brandwijk
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, Maastricht University and University Hospital Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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Asasutjarit R, Lorenzen SI, Sirivichayakul S, Ruxrungtham K, Ruktanonchai U, Ritthidej GC. Effect of solid lipid nanoparticles formulation compositions on their size, zeta potential and potential for in vitro pHIS-HIV-hugag transfection. Pharm Res 2007; 24:1098-107. [PMID: 17385021 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work was conducted to determine model equations describing the effect of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) formulation compositions on their size and zeta potential using the face-centered central composite design and to determine the effect of SLN formulation compositions on the potential for in vitro pHIS-HIV-hugag transfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS SLN were prepared by the hot high pressure homogenization technique using cetylpalmitate as lipid matrix at varying concentrations of Tween 80 and Span 85 mixture, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) and cholesterol. Size and zeta potential used as responses of the design were measured at pH 7.0. The model equations were accepted as statistical significance at p value of less than 0.05. Ability of SLN to form complex with pHIS-HIV-hugag was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In vitro cytotoxicity of SLN was studied in HeLa cells using alamar blue bioassay. The potential of SLN for in vitro pHIS-HIV-hugag transfection was also determined in HeLa cells by western blot technique. RESULTS SLN possessed diameter in a range of 136-191 nm and zeta potential 11-61 mV depending on the concentrations of surfactant mixture, DDAB and cholesterol. The regression analysis showed that the model equations of responses fitted well with quadratic equations. The ability of SLN to form complex with pHIS-HIV-hugag was also affected by formulation compositions. In vitro cytotoxicity results demonstrated that HeLa cells were not well tolerant of high concentrations of SLN but still survived in a range of 100-200 microg/ml of SLN in culture medium. The results of transfection study showed ability of SLN to use as a vector for in vitro pHIS-HIV-hugag transfection. However, their potential for in vitro transfection was lower than the established transfection reagent. CONCLUSIONS Size and zeta potential of SLN could be predicted from their quadratic model equations achieved by combination of three variables surfactant, DDAB and cholesterol concentrations. In addition, these variables also affected the potential of SLN as a vector for in vitro pHIS-HIV-hugag transfection. The results here provide the framework for further study involving the SLN formulation design for DNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathapon Asasutjarit
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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