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D'Addario CA, Matsumura S, Kitagawa A, Lainer GM, Zhang F, D'silva M, Khan MY, Froogh G, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Schwartzman ML, Gupte SA. Global and endothelial G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) knockout relaxes pulmonary artery and mitigates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107235. [PMID: 37742819 PMCID: PMC10841449 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifactorial disease with a poor prognosis and inadequate treatment options. We found two-fold higher expression of the orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptor 75 (GPR75) in leukocytes and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from idiopathic PH patients and from lungs of C57BL/6 mice exposed to hypoxia. We therefore postulated that GPR75 signaling is critical to the pathogenesis of PH. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we exposed global (Gpr75-/-) and endothelial cell (EC) GPR75 knockout (EC-Gpr75-/-) mice and wild-type (control) mice to hypoxia (10% oxygen) or normal atmospheric oxygen for 5 weeks. We then recorded echocardiograms and performed right heart catheterizations. RESULTS Chronic hypoxia increased right ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures in wild-type mice but not Gpr75-/- or EC-Gpr75-/- mice. In situ hybridization and qPCR results revealed that Gpr75 expression was increased in the alveoli, airways and pulmonary arteries of mice exposed to hypoxia. In addition, levels of chemokine (CC motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), a low affinity ligand of GPR75, were increased in the lungs of wild-type, but not Gpr75-/-, mice exposed to hypoxia, and CCL5 enhanced hypoxia-induced contraction of intra-lobar pulmonary arteries in a GPR75-dependent manner. Gpr75 knockout also increased pulmonary cAMP levels and decreased contraction of intra-lobar pulmonary arteries evoked by endothelin-1 or U46619 in cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results suggest GPR75 has a significant role in the development of hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Atsushi Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Gregg M Lainer
- Department of Cardiology, and Heart and Vascular Institute, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Frank Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Melinee D'silva
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mohammad Y Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Ghezal Froogh
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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2
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Liu S, Lin Z. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mechanosensitive Regulators and Vascular Remodeling. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:90-113. [PMID: 34937033 DOI: 10.1159/000519845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are subjected to mechanical loads of pressure and flow, inducing smooth muscle circumferential and endothelial shear stresses. The perception and response of vascular tissue and living cells to these stresses and the microenvironment they are exposed to are critical to their function and survival. These mechanical stimuli not only cause morphological changes in cells and vessel walls but also can interfere with biochemical homeostasis, leading to vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying how these stimuli affect tissue and cellular function, including mechanical stimulation-induced biochemical signaling and mechanical transduction that relies on cytoskeletal integrity, are unclear. This review focuses on signaling pathways that regulate multiple biochemical processes in vascular mesangial smooth muscle cells in response to circumferential stress and are involved in mechanosensitive regulatory molecules in response to mechanotransduction, including ion channels, membrane receptors, integrins, cytoskeletal proteins, nuclear structures, and cascades. Mechanoactivation of these signaling pathways is closely associated with vascular remodeling in physiological or pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmin Liu
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China, .,Medical Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Zhanyi Lin
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Cho H, Kim B, Kim OS, Kim Y, Yang Y, Song J, Liu D, Jeon S, Kim O. Photochemical reaction to increase melanogenesis using Buddleja officinalis and blue light-emitting diode irradiation in B16F10. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102456. [PMID: 34311092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of vitiligo has increased because of stresses induced by external environment. Ultraviolet (UV) light therapy is the most commonly used method of treating the disease; however, UV light therapy requires a long treatment period, and prolonged exposure to UV radiation has side effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of natural products and LED irradiation (LED-IR) on the synthesis of melanin. It was not possible to effectively increase intracellular melanin production through individual applications of Buddleja officinalis (BO), which is a natural substance selected through screening, or blue light irradiation (Blue-IR). However, when used in combination, these two agents stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) and melanin production was induced in the stimulated cells via the CREB/MITF/TYR pathway. Furthermore, the combined treatment with BO and Blue-IR generated low levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced p38 phosphorylation, which in turn activated MITF in ROS-stimulated synthetic melanocytes, resulting in the promotion of melanogenic pathways other than the CREB/MITF/TYR pathway. In addition, this treatment combination effected melanin transport. These results suggested that the combined therapies can be used to treat melanin-deficiency skin diseases such as vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jianan Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sangmi Jeon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
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Xin Y, Roh K, Cho E, Park D, Whang W, Jung E. Isookanin Inhibits PGE 2-Mediated Angiogenesis by Inducing Cell Arrest through Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB in HMEC-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126466. [PMID: 34208772 PMCID: PMC8234715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical mediator of angiogenesis, and unregulated angiogenic responses often involve human diseases. The importance of regulating angiogenesis in inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated through some successful cases of anti-angiogenesis therapies in related diseases, including arthritis, but it has been reported that some synthetic types of antiangiogenic drugs have potential side effects. In recent years, the importance of finding alternative strategies for regulating angiogenesis has begun to attract the attention of researchers. Therefore, identification of natural ingredients used to prevent or treat angiogenesis-related diseases will play a greater role. Isookanin is a phenolic flavonoid presented in Bidens extract, and it has been reported that isookanin possesses some biological properties, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, anti-diabetic properties, and an ability to inhibit α-amylase. However, its antiangiogenic effects and mechanism thereof have not been studied yet. In this study, our results indicate that isookanin has an effective inhibitory effect on the angiogenic properties of microvascular endothelial cells. Isookanin shows inhibitory effects in multiple stages of PGE2-induced angiogenesis, including the growth, proliferation, migration, and tube formation of microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, isookanin induces cell cycle arrest in S phase, which is also the reason for subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. The mechanism of inhibiting angiogenesis by isookanin is related to the inhibition of PGE2-mediated ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation. These findings make isookanin a potential candidate for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Xin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156756, Korea
| | - Kyungbaeg Roh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Wankyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156756, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
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Perrault R, Molnar P, Poole J, Zahradka P. PDGF-BB-mediated activation of CREB in vascular smooth muscle cells alters cell cycling via Rb, FoxO1 and p27 kip1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112612. [PMID: 33895117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION & AIM The vascular response to injury leads to the secretion of several factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). PDGF-BB stimulates smooth muscle cell (SMC) conversion to the synthetic phenotype, thereby enhancing proliferation and migration, and contributing to neointimal hyperplasia. Likewise, the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor has been shown to mediate SMC proliferation in response to various mitogens. We therefore investigated the contribution of CREB to PDGF-BB-dependent proliferation of SMCs with the intention of identifying signaling pathways involved both up and downstream of CREB activation. METHODS & RESULTS Treatments were performed on vascular SMCs from a porcine coronary artery explant model. The role of CREB was examined via adenoviral expression of a dominant-negative CREB mutant (kCREB) as well as inhibition of CREB binding protein (CBP). Involvement of the p27kip1 pathway was determined using a constitutively expressing p27kip1 adenoviral vector. PDGF-BB stimulated transient CREB phosphorylation on Ser-133 via ERK1/2-, PI3-kinase- and Src-dependent pathways. Expression of kCREB decreased PDGF-BB-dependent cell proliferation. PCNA expression and Rb phosphorylation were also inhibited by kCREB. These cell cycle proteins are controlled via p27kip1 expression in response to CREB-dependent post-translational modification of FoxO1. kCREB had no effect on Cyclin D1 expression, but did prevent PDGF-BB-induced Cyclin D1 nuclear translocation. An interaction inhibitor of CBP confirmed that Cyclin D1 is downstream of PDGF-BB and CREB. CONCLUSION CREB phosphorylation is required for SMC proliferation in response to PDGF-BB. This phenotypic change requires CBP and is mediated by Cyclin D1 and p27kip as a result of changes in FoxO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Perrault
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Molecular Physiology Laboratory, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canada; Department of Experimental Sciences, Université de Saint Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Molnar
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Molecular Physiology Laboratory, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canada
| | - Jenna Poole
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Molecular Physiology Laboratory, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canada.
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Bkaily G, Abou Abdallah N, Simon Y, Jazzar A, Jacques D. Vascular smooth muscle remodeling in health and disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:171-178. [PMID: 32853532 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In blood vessels, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) generally exist in two major phenotypes: contractile and non-contractile (synthetic). The contractile phenotype is predominant and includes quiescent or differentiated VSMCs, which function as the regulators of blood vessel diameter and blood flow. According to some literature in the field, contractile VSMCs do not switch to the non-contractile phenotype due to the activation of specific transcription factors that are considered as guardians of the contractile phenotype. However, a vast amount of the literature uses the terms remodeling and phenotype switching of contractile VSMCs interchangeably based mainly on studies dealing with atherosclerosis. The use of the terms remodeling and switching to describe changes in phenotype based on morphological criteria can be confusing. The term remodeling was first used to describe morphological changes in the heart and was soon used to describe phenotype changes of contractile VSMCs based on morphological criteria. The latter were introduced in early studies, and new molecular criteria were later added, including changes in gene expression, which could be irreversible. In this review, we will discuss the different views concerning remodeling and possible switching of contractile VSMCs to a non-contractile phenotype. We conclude that only remodeling of contractile VSMCs may take place upon vascular injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Nadia Abou Abdallah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Yanick Simon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Ashley Jazzar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Danielle Jacques
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Chen MF. The role of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:160-168. [PMID: 35465283 PMCID: PMC9020235 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that triggers severe thrombotic cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. In atherosclerotic processes, both macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential cell components in atheromata formation through proinflammatory cytokine secretion, defective efferocytosis, cell migration, and proliferation, primarily controlled by Ca2+-dependent signaling. Calmodulin (CaM), as a versatile Ca2+ sensor in diverse cell types, regulates a broad spectrum of Ca2+-dependent cell functions through the actions of downstream protein kinases. Thus, this review focuses on discussing how CaM and CaM-dependent kinases (CaMKs) regulate the functions of macrophages and VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development based on literature from open databases. A central theme in this review is a summary of the mechanisms and consequences underlying CaMK-mediated macrophage inflammation and apoptosis, which are the key processes in necrotic core formation in atherosclerosis. Another central theme is addressing the role of CaM and CaMK-dependent pathways in phenotypic modulation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs in atherosclerotic progression. A complete understanding of CaM and CaMK-controlled individual processes involving macrophages and VSMCs in atherogenesis might provide helpful information for developing potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Truong V, Anand-Srivastava MB, Srivastava AK. Role of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in angiotensin II-induced responses in vascular smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:30-35. [PMID: 33091310 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the transcription of several genes containing the CRE sites on their promoters. CREB is activated by phosphorylation on a key serine residue, Ser311, in response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including angiotensin II (Ang II). Ang II is an important vasoactive peptide and mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that in addition to regulating the contractile response in VSMC also plays an important role in phenotypic switch of VSMC from contractile to a synthetic state. The synthetic VSMC are known to exhibit proliferative and migratory properties due to hyperactivation of Ang II-induced signaling events. Ang II has been shown to induce CREB phosphorylation/activation and transcription of genes implicated in proliferation, growth, and migration. Here, we have highlighted some key studies that have demonstrated an important role of CREB in Ang II-mediated gene transcription, proliferation, hypertrophy, and migration of VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Truong
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Madhu B Anand-Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ashok K Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Garat CV, Majka SM, Sullivan TM, Crossno JT, Reusch JE, Klemm DJ. CREB depletion in smooth muscle cells promotes medial thickening, adventitial fibrosis and elicits pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894019898374. [PMID: 32313640 PMCID: PMC7158261 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019898374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of the cAMP-responsive transcription factor, CREB, are reduced in medial smooth muscle cells in remodeled pulmonary arteries from hypertensive calves and rats with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Here, we show that chronic hypoxia fails to promote CREB depletion in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells or elicit significant remodeling of the pulmonary arteries in mice, suggesting that sustained CREB expression prevents hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery remodeling. This hypothesis was tested by generating mice, in which CREB was ablated in smooth muscle cells. Loss of CREB in smooth muscle cells stimulated pulmonary artery thickening, right ventricular hypertrophy, profound adventitial collagen deposition, recruitment of myeloid cells to the adventitia, and elevated right ventricular systolic pressure without exposure to chronic hypoxia. Isolated murine CREB-null smooth muscle cells exhibited serum-independent proliferation and hypertrophy in vitro and medium conditioned by CREB-null smooth muscle cells stimulated proliferation and expression of extracellular matrix proteins by adventitial fibroblasts. We conclude that CREB governs the pathologic switch from homeostatic, quiescent smooth muscle cells to proliferative, synthetic cells that drive arterial remodeling contributing to the development or pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystelle V. Garat
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Timothy M. Sullivan
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph T. Crossno
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jane E.B. Reusch
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
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Yu Q, Li W, Jin R, Yu S, Xie D, Zheng X, Zhong W, Cheng X, Hu S, Li M, Zheng Q, Li G, Song Z. PI3Kγ (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ) Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation and Neointimal Formation Through CREB (Cyclic AMP-Response Element Binding Protein)/YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:e91-e105. [PMID: 30651001 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype modulation is critical for the resolution of vascular injury. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ) exerts anti-inflammatory and protective effects in multiple cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the role of PI3Kγ and its downstream effector molecules in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic modulation and neointimal formation in response to vascular injury. Approach and Results- Increased expression of PI3Kγ was found in injured vessel wall as well in cultured, serum-activated wild-type VSMCs, accompanied by a reduction in the expression of calponin and SM22α, 2 differentiation markers of VSMCs. However, the injury-induced downregulation of calponin and SM22α was profoundly attenuated in PI3Kγ-/- mice. Pharmacological inhibition and short hairpin RNA knockdown of PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-KD) markedly attenuated YAP (Yes-associated protein) expression and CREB (cyclic AMP-response element binding protein) activation but improved the downregulation of differentiation genes in cultured VSMCs accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, activated CREB upregulated YAP transcriptional expression through binding to its promoter. Ectopic expression of YAP strikingly repressed the expression of differentiation genes even in PI3Kγ-KD VSMCs. Moreover, established carotid artery ligation and chimeric mice models demonstrate that deletion of PI3Kγ in naïve PI3Kγ-/- mice as well as in chimeric mice lacking PI3Kγ either in bone marrow or vascular wall significantly reduced neointimal formation after injury. Conclusions- PI3Kγ controls phenotypic modulation of VSMCs by regulating transcription factor CREB activation and YAP expression. Modulating PI3Kγ signaling on local vascular wall may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat proliferative vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Yu
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Gerontology (W.L.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (R.J., S.Y., G.L.).,and Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., W.Z., G.L.)
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (R.J., S.Y., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (S.Y.)
| | - Dawei Xie
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xichuan Zheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- and Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., W.Z., G.L.)
| | - Xiang Cheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qichang Zheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (R.J., S.Y., G.L.).,and Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., W.Z., G.L.)
| | - Zifang Song
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Smith SA, Newby AC, Bond M. Ending Restenosis: Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by cAMP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111447. [PMID: 31744111 PMCID: PMC6912325 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes towards restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. The second messenger 3′ 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in maintaining VSMC quiescence in healthy vessels and repressing VSMC proliferation during resolution of vascular injury. Although the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP in VSMC have been recognised for many years, it is only recently that we gained a detailed understanding of the underlying signalling mechanisms. Stimuli that elevate cAMP in VSMC inhibit G1-S phase cell cycle progression by inhibiting expression of cyclins and preventing S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein-2 (Skp2-mediated degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Early studies implicated inhibition of MAPK signalling, although this does not fully explain the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP. The cAMP effectors, Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) act together to inhibit VSMC proliferation by inducing Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB) activity and inhibiting members of the RhoGTPases, which results in remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cyclic-AMP induced actin remodelling controls proliferation by modulating the activity of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and TEA Domain Transcription Factors (TEAD), which regulate expression of genes required for proliferation. Here we review recent research characterising these mechanisms, highlighting novel drug targets that may allow the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP to be harnessed therapeutically to limit restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Bond
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-117-3423586
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12
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Stenmark KR, Frid MG, Graham BB, Tuder RM. Dynamic and diverse changes in the functional properties of vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:551-564. [PMID: 29385432 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the end result of interaction between pulmonary vascular tone and a complex series of cellular and molecular events termed 'vascular remodelling'. The remodelling process, which can involve the entirety of pulmonary arterial vasculature, almost universally involves medial thickening, driven by increased numbers and hypertrophy of its principal cellular constituent, smooth muscle cells (SMCs). It is noted, however that SMCs comprise heterogeneous populations of cells, which can exhibit markedly different proliferative, inflammatory, and extracellular matrix production changes during remodelling. We further consider that these functional changes in SMCs of different phenotype and their role in PH are dynamic and may undergo significant changes over time (which we will refer to as cellular plasticity); no single property can account for the complexity of the contribution of SMC to pulmonary vascular remodelling. Thus, the approaches used to pharmacologically manipulate PH by targeting the SMC phenotype(s) must take into account processes that underlie dominant phenotypes that drive the disease. We present evidence for time- and location-specific changes in SMC proliferation in various animal models of PH; we highlight the transient nature (rather than continuous) of SMC proliferation, emphasizing that the heterogenic SMC populations that reside in different locations along the pulmonary vascular tree exhibit distinct responses to the stresses associated with the development of PH. We also consider that cells that have often been termed 'SMCs' may arise from many origins, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and resident or circulating progenitors, and thus may contribute via distinct signalling pathways to the remodelling process. Ultimately, PH is characterized by long-lived, apoptosis-resistant SMC. In line with this key pathogenic characteristic, we address the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory phenotype by SMC that is essential to the development of PH. We present evidence that metabolic alterations akin to those observed in cancer cells (cytoplasmic and mitochondrial) directly contribute to the phenotype of the SM and SM-like cells involved in PH. Finally, we raise the possibility that SMCs transition from a proliferative to a senescent, pro-inflammatory and metabolically active phenotype over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, B131, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maria G Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, B131, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian B Graham
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, B131, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, RC2, B131, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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13
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Parker T, Wang KW, Manning D, Dart C. Soluble adenylyl cyclase links Ca 2+ entry to Ca 2+/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation in vascular smooth muscle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7317. [PMID: 31086231 PMCID: PMC6514005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-transcription coupling controls gene expression patterns that define vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype. Although not well understood this allows normally contractile VSMCs to become proliferative following vessel injury, a process essential for repair but which also contributes to vascular remodelling, atherogenesis and restenosis. Here we show that the Ca2+/HCO3--sensitive enzyme, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), links Ca2+ influx in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) to 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into hCASMCs expressing the FRET-based cAMP biosensor H187 induced a rise in cAMP that mirrored cytosolic [Ca2+]. SOCE also activated the cAMP effector, protein kinase A (PKA), as determined by the PKA reporter, AKAR4-NES, and induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and CREB. Transmembrane adenylyl cyclase inhibition had no effect on the SOCE-induced rise in cAMP, while sAC inhibition abolished SOCE-generated cAMP and significantly reduced SOCE-induced VASP and CREB phosphorylation. This suggests that SOCE in hCASMCs activates sAC which in turn activates the cAMP/PKA/CREB axis. sAC, which is insensitive to G-protein modulation but responsive to Ca2+, pH and ATP, may therefore act as an overlooked regulatory node in vascular Ca2+-transcription coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Parker
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Wen Wang
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Manning
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
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14
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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15
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Cai Q, Ji S, Sun Y, Yu L, Wu X, Xie Z. 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid attenuates angiotensin II-induced inflammatory responses in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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16
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Hudson C, Kimura TE, Duggirala A, Sala-Newby GB, Newby AC, Bond M. Dual Role of CREB in The Regulation of VSMC Proliferation: Mode of Activation Determines Pro- or Anti-Mitogenic Function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4904. [PMID: 29559698 PMCID: PMC5861041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation has been implicated in the development of restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. We investigated the mechanisms underlying positive and negative regulation of VSMC proliferation by the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). Incubation with the cAMP elevating stimuli, adenosine, prostacyclin mimetics or low levels of forksolin activated CREB without changing CREB phosphorylation on serine-133 but induced nuclear translocation of the CREB co-factors CRTC-2 and CRTC-3. Overexpression of CRTC-2 or -3 significantly increased CREB activity and inhibited VSMC proliferation, whereas CRTC-2/3 silencing inhibited CREB activity and reversed the anti-mitogenic effects of adenosine A2B receptor agonists. By contrast, stimulation with serum or PDGFBB significantly increased CREB activity, dependent on increased CREB phosphorylation at serine-133 but not on CRTC-2/3 activation. CREB silencing significantly inhibited basal and PDGF induced proliferation. These data demonstrate that cAMP activation of CREB, which is CRTC2/3 dependent and serine-133 independent, is anti-mitogenic. Growth factor activation of CREB, which is serine-133-dependent and CRTC2/3 independent, is pro-mitogenic. Hence, CREB plays a dual role in the regulation of VSMC proliferation with the mode of activation determining its pro- or anti-mitogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hudson
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tomomi E Kimura
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Aparna Duggirala
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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17
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Ebenebe OV, Heather A, Erickson JR. CaMKII in Vascular Signalling: "Friend or Foe"? Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:560-567. [PMID: 29409723 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Signalling mechanisms within and between cells of the vasculature enable function and maintain homeostasis. However, a number of these mechanisms also contribute to the pathophysiology of vascular disease states. The multifunctional signalling molecule calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has been shown to have critical functional effects in many tissue types. For example, CaMKII is known to have a dual role in cardiac physiology and pathology. The function of CaMKII within the vasculature is incompletely understood, but emerging evidence points to potential physiological and pathological roles. This review discusses the evidence for CaMKII signalling within the vasculature, with the aim to better understand both positive and potentially deleterious effects of CaMKII activation in vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obialunanma V Ebenebe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Alison Heather
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
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18
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Lai YJ, Hsu HH, Chang GJ, Lin SH, Chen WJ, Huang CC, Pang JHS. Prostaglandin E1 Attenuates Pulmonary Artery Remodeling by Activating Phosphorylation of CREB and the PTEN Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9974. [PMID: 28855544 PMCID: PMC5577102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is the critical mediator of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that the activation of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and PTEN could inhibit the AKT signaling pathway to attenuate pulmonary arterial remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH. We observed decreased PTEN and pCREB in idiopathic PAH versus control tissue. We reduced PTEN using small interfering RNA in human control pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and observed an increase in pAKT. Consistent with PTEN knockdown in PASMCs, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) induced pCREB expression to stimulate PTEN protein expression and inhibited pAKT in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The enhanced proliferation and migration of PASMCs following PTEN knockdown were significantly inhibited by PGE1 treatment. The PGE1-induced elevation of PTEN expression in PTEN-depleted PASMCs was decreased by the application of a PKA inhibitor and a CBP-CREB interaction inhibitor. Supplementation with a novel emulsion composition comprising PGE1 in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH prevented pulmonary arterial remodeling and improved hemodynamics via the induced expression of PTEN. We conclude that PGE1 recruits pCREB/PTEN to decrease the migration and proliferation of PASMCs associated with PAH. This finding elucidates a relevant underlying mechanism of the PGE1/CREB/PTEN signaling pathway to prevent progressive PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan. .,Respiratory Care, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 61363, Taiwan.
| | - Hsao-Hsun Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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19
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Hong Z, Chen KH, DasGupta A, Potus F, Dunham-Snary K, Bonnet S, Tian L, Fu J, Breuils-Bonnet S, Provencher S, Wu D, Mewburn J, Ormiston ML, Archer SL. MicroRNA-138 and MicroRNA-25 Down-regulate Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter, Causing the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Cancer Phenotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:515-529. [PMID: 27648837 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0814oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vasculopathy characterized by excessive pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance. This cancer-like phenotype is promoted by increased cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyto), aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial fission. OBJECTIVES To determine how changes in mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex (MCUC) function influence mitochondrial dynamics and contribute to PAH's cancer-like phenotype. METHODS PASMCs were isolated from patients with PAH and healthy control subjects and assessed for expression of MCUC subunits. Manipulation of the pore-forming subunit, MCU, in PASMCs was achieved through small interfering RNA knockdown or MCU plasmid-mediated up-regulation, as well as through modulation of the upstream microRNAs (miRs) miR-138 and miR-25. In vivo, nebulized anti-miRs were administered to rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Impaired MCUC function, resulting from down-regulation of MCU and up-regulation of an inhibitory subunit, mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1, is central to PAH's pathogenesis. MCUC dysfunction decreases intramitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]mito), inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and glucose oxidation, while increasing [Ca2+]cyto, promoting proliferation, migration, and fission. In PAH PASMCs, increasing MCU decreases cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis resistance by lowering [Ca2+]cyto, raising [Ca2+]mito, and inhibiting fission. In normal PASMCs, MCUC inhibition recapitulates the PAH phenotype. In PAH, elevated miRs (notably miR-138) down-regulate MCU directly and also by decreasing MCU's transcriptional regulator cAMP response element-binding protein 1. Nebulized anti-miRs against miR-25 and miR-138 restore MCU expression, reduce cell proliferation, and regress established PAH in the monocrotaline model. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight miR-mediated MCUC dysfunction as a unifying mechanism in PAH that can be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hong
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Asish DasGupta
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Francois Potus
- 2 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the University Cardiology and Pulmonary Institute of the Quebec Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sebastien Bonnet
- 2 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the University Cardiology and Pulmonary Institute of the Quebec Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lian Tian
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jennifer Fu
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- 2 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the University Cardiology and Pulmonary Institute of the Quebec Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- 2 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the University Cardiology and Pulmonary Institute of the Quebec Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jeffrey Mewburn
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Stephen L Archer
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
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20
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Divergent Regulation of Actin Dynamics and Megakaryoblastic Leukemia-1 and -2 (Mkl1/2) by cAMP in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623279 PMCID: PMC5473867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) or endothelial cell (ECs) promote or inhibit, respectively, restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. Here we investigated the effects of cAMP-induced cytoskeletal remodelling on the serum response factor (SRF) co-factors Megakaryoblastic Leukemia-1 and -2 (MKL1 and MKL2) and their role in controlling VSMC and EC proliferation and migration. Elevation of cAMP using forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), BAY60-6583 or Cicaprost induced rapid cytoskeleton remodelling and inhibited proliferation and migration in VSMCs but not EC. Furthermore, elevated cAMP inhibited mitogen-induced nuclear-translocation of MKL1 and MKL2 in VSMCs but not ECs. Forskolin also significantly inhibited serum response factor (SRF)-dependent reporter gene (SRE-LUC) activity and mRNA expression of pro-proliferative and pro-migratory MKL1/2 target genes in VSMCs but not in ECs. In ECs, MKL1 was constitutively nuclear and MKL2 cytoplasmic, irrespective of mitogens or cAMP. Pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of MKL1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMC and EC. Our new data identifies and important contribution of MKL1/2 to explaining the strikingly different response of VSMCs and ECs to cAMP elevation. Elucidation of these pathways promises to identify targets for specific inhibition of VSMC migration and proliferation.
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21
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Tang R, Zhang G, Chen SY. Smooth Muscle Cell Proangiogenic Phenotype Induced by Cyclopentenyl Cytosine Promotes Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26913-26921. [PMID: 27821588 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are in close contact with blood vessels. SMC phenotypes can be altered during pathological vascular remodeling. However, how SMC phenotypes affect EC properties remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that PDGF-BB-induced synthetic SMCs suppressed EC proliferation and migration while exhibiting increased expression of anti-angiogenic factors, such as endostatin, and decreased pro-angiogenic factors, including CXC motif ligand 1 (CXCL1). Cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC), a CTP synthase inhibitor that has been reported previously to inhibit SMC proliferation and injury-induced neointima formation, induced SMC redifferentiation. Interestingly, CPEC-conditioned SMC culture medium promoted EC proliferation and migration because of an increase in CXCL1 along with decreased endostatin production in SMCs. Addition of recombinant endostatin protein or blockade of CXCL1 with a neutralizing antibody suppressed the EC proliferation and migration induced by CPEC-conditioned SMC medium. Mechanistically, CPEC functions as a cytosine derivate to stimulate adenosine receptors A1 and A2a, which further activate downstream cAMP and Akt signaling, leading to the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein and, consequently, SMC redifferentiation. These data provided proof of a novel concept that synthetic SMC exhibits an anti-angiogenic SMC phenotype, whereas contractile SMC shows a pro-angiogenic phenotype. CPEC appears to be a potent stimulator for switching the anti-angiogenic SMC phenotype to the pro-angiogenic phenotype, which may be essential for CPEC to accelerate re-endothelialization for vascular repair during injury-induced vascular wall remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Gui Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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22
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Lee GL, Wu JY, Tsai CS, Lin CY, Tsai YT, Lin CS, Wang YF, Yet SF, Hsu YJ, Kuo CC. TLR4-Activated MAPK-IL-6 Axis Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091394. [PMID: 27563891 PMCID: PMC5037674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into the intima is considered to be a vital event in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Despite substantial evidence supporting the pathogenic role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the progression of atherogenesis, its function in the regulation of VSMC migration remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which TLR4 regulates VSMC migration. Inhibitor experiments revealed that TLR4-induced IL-6 secretion and VSMC migration were mediated via the concerted actions of MyD88 and TRIF on the activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling. Neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies abrogated TLR4-driven VSMC migration and F-actin polymerization. Blockade of p38 MAPK or ERK1/2 signaling cascade inhibited TLR4 agonist-mediated activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Moreover, siRNA-mediated suppression of CREB production repressed TLR4-induced IL-6 production and VSMC migration. Rac-1 inhibitor suppressed TLR4-driven VSMC migration but not IL-6 production. Importantly, the serum level of IL-6 and TLR4 endogenous ligand HMGB1 was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) than in healthy subjects. Serum HMGB1 level was positively correlated with serum IL-6 level in CAD patients. The expression of both HMGB1 and IL-6 was clearly detected in the atherosclerotic tissue of the CAD patients. Additionally, there was a positive association between p-CREB and HMGB1 in mouse atherosclerotic tissue. Based on our findings, we concluded that, upon ligand binding, TLR4 activates p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling through MyD88 and TRIF in VSMCs. These signaling pathways subsequently coordinate an additive augmentation of CREB-driven IL-6 production, which in turn triggers Rac-1-mediated actin cytoskeleton to promote VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Yiing Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Toussaint F, Charbel C, Allen BG, Ledoux J. Vascular CaMKII: heart and brain in your arteries. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C462-78. [PMID: 27306369 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
First characterized in neuronal tissues, the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key signaling component in several mammalian biological systems. Its unique capacity to integrate various Ca(2+) signals into different specific outcomes is a precious asset to excitable and nonexcitable cells. Numerous studies have reported roles and mechanisms involving CaMKII in brain and heart tissues. However, corresponding functions in vascular cell types (endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells) remained largely unexplored until recently. Investigation of the intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics, their impact on vascular cell function, the regulatory processes involved and more recently the spatially restricted oscillatory Ca(2+) signals and microdomains triggered significant interest towards proteins like CaMKII. Heteromultimerization of CaMKII isoforms (four isoforms and several splice variants) expands this kinase's peculiar capacity to decipher Ca(2+) signals and initiate specific signaling processes, and thus controlling cellular functions. The physiological functions that rely on CaMKII are unsurprisingly diverse, ranging from regulating contractile state and cellular proliferation to Ca(2+) homeostasis and cellular permeability. This review will focus on emerging evidence of CaMKII as an essential component of the vascular system, with a focus on the kinase isoform/splice variants and cellular system studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Toussaint
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Chimène Charbel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ledoux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and
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24
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MISÁRKOVÁ E, BEHULIAK M, BENCZE M, ZICHA J. Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Excitation-Transcription Coupling in Blood Vessels: Their Possible Interactions in Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling. Physiol Res 2016; 65:173-91. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) display considerable phenotype plasticity which can be studied in vivo on vascular remodeling which occurs during acute or chronic vascular injury. In differentiated cells, which represent contractile phenotype, there are characteristic rapid transient changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), while the resting cytosolic [Ca2+]i concentration is low. It is mainly caused by two components of the Ca2+ signaling pathways: Ca2+ entry via L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and dynamic involvement of intracellular stores. Proliferative VSMC phenotype is characterized by long-lasting [Ca2+]i oscillations accompanied by sustained elevation of basal [Ca2+]i. During the switch from contractile to proliferative phenotype there is a general transition from voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry to voltage-independent Ca2+ entry into the cell. These changes are due to the altered gene expression which is dependent on specific transcription factors activated by various stimuli. It is an open question whether abnormal VSMC phenotype reported in rats with genetic hypertension (such as spontaneously hypertensive rats) might be partially caused by a shift from contractile to proliferative VSMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. ZICHA
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Kimura TE, Duggirala A, Smith MC, White S, Sala-Newby GB, Newby AC, Bond M. The Hippo pathway mediates inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by cAMP. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 90:1-10. [PMID: 26625714 PMCID: PMC4727789 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by intracellular cAMP prevents excessive neointima formation and hence angioplasty restenosis and vein-graft failure. These protective effects are mediated via actin-cytoskeleton remodelling and subsequent regulation of gene expression by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here we investigated the role of components of the growth-regulatory Hippo pathway, specifically the transcription factor TEAD and its co-factors YAP and TAZ in VSMC. METHODS AND RESULTS Elevation of cAMP using forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP or the physiological agonists, Cicaprost or adenosine, significantly increased phosphorylation and nuclear export YAP and TAZ and inhibited TEAD-luciferase report gene activity. Similar effects were obtained by inhibiting RhoA activity with C3-transferase, its downstream kinase, ROCK, with Y27632, or actin-polymerisation with Latrunculin-B. Conversely, expression of constitutively-active RhoA reversed the inhibitory effects of forskolin on TEAD-luciferase. Forskolin significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of the pro-mitogenic genes, CCN1, CTGF, c-MYC and TGFB2 and this was reversed by expression of constitutively-active YAP or TAZ phospho-mutants. Inhibition of YAP and TAZ function with RNAi or Verteporfin significantly reduced VSMC proliferation. Furthermore, the anti-mitogenic effects of forskolin were reversed by overexpression of constitutively-active YAP or TAZ. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data demonstrate that cAMP-induced actin-cytoskeleton remodelling inhibits YAP/TAZ-TEAD dependent expression of pro-mitogenic genes in VSMC. This mechanism contributes novel insight into the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP in VSMC and suggests a new target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi E Kimura
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Aparna Duggirala
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Madeleine C Smith
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen White
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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26
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Althoff TF, Offermanns S. G-protein-mediated signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells — implications for vascular disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:973-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Our translational research group focuses on addressing the problem of exercise defects in diabetes with basic research efforts in cell and rodent models and clinical research efforts in subjects with diabetes mellitus. CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein) regulates cellular differentiation of neurons, β-cells, adipocytes and smooth muscle cells; it is also a potent survival factor and an upstream regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. In diabetes and cardiovascular disease, CREB protein content is decreased in the vascular media, and its regulation in aberrant in β-cells, neurons and cardiomyocytes. Loss of CREB content and function leads to decreased vascular target tissue resilience when exposed to stressors such as metabolic, oxidative or sheer stress. This basic research programme set the stage for our central hypothesis that diabetes-mediated CREB dysfunction predisposes the diabetes disease progression and cardiovascular complications. Our clinical research programme revealed that diabetes mellitus leads to defects in functional exercise capacity. Our group has determined that the defects in exercise correlate with insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, decreased cardiac perfusion and diastolic dysfunction, slowed muscle perfusion kinetics, decreased muscle perfusion and slowed oxidative phosphorylation. Combined basic and clinical research has defined the relationship between exercise and vascular function with particular emphasis on how the signalling to CREB and eNOS [endothelial NOS (nitric oxide synthase)] regulates tissue perfusion, mitochondrial dynamics, vascular function and exercise capacity. The present review summarizes our current working hypothesis that restoration of eNOS/NOS dysfunction will restore cellular homoeostasis and permit an optimal tissue response to an exercise training intervention.
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28
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Transcription factor cAMP response element modulator (Crem) restrains Pdgf-dependent proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in mice. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:2165-77. [PMID: 25425331 PMCID: PMC4564437 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors of the cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb)/cAMP response element modulator (Crem) family were linked to the switch from a contractile to a proliferating phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we analyzed the vascular function of Crem in mice with a global inactivation of Crem (Crem(-/-)). CRE-mediated transcriptional activity was enhanced in primary Crem(-/-) VSMCs under nonstimulated conditions and under stimulation with Forskolin and platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) whereas stimulation with nitric oxide or cGMP showed no effect. This elevated CRE-mediated transcriptional activity as a result of Crem inactivation did not alter aortic contractility or fractions of proliferating or apoptotic aortic VSMCs in situ, and no impact of Crem inactivation on the development of atherosclerotic plaques was observed. Crem(-/-) mice exhibited an increased neointima formation after carotid ligation associated with an increased proliferation of VSMCs in the carotid media. Pdgf-stimulated proliferation of primary aortic Crem(-/-) VSMCs was increased along with an upregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Pdgf receptor, alpha polypeptide (Pdgfra), cyclophilin A (Ppia), the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (Rgs5), and Rho GTPase-activating protein 12 (Arhgap12). Taken together, our data reveal the inhibition of Pdgf-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs by repressing the Pdgf-stimulated CRE-mediated transcriptional activation as the predominant function of Crem in mouse vasculature suggesting an important role of Crem in vasculoproliferative diseases.
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29
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Kimura TE, Duggirala A, Hindmarch CCT, Hewer RC, Cui MZ, Newby AC, Bond M. Inhibition of Egr1 expression underlies the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:9-19. [PMID: 24534707 PMCID: PMC4051994 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclic AMP inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation which is important in the aetiology of numerous vascular diseases. The anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP in VSMC are dependent on activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), but the mechanisms are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Selective agonists of PKA and EPAC synergistically inhibited Egr1 expression, which was essential for VSMC proliferation. Forskolin, adenosine, A2B receptor agonist BAY60-6583 and Cicaprost also inhibited Egr1 expression in VSMC but not in endothelial cells. Inhibition of Egr1 by cAMP was independent of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activity but dependent on inhibition of serum response element (SRE) activity. SRF binding to the Egr1 promoter was not modulated by cAMP stimulation. However, Egr1 expression was dependent on the SRF co-factors Elk1 and 4 but independent of MAL. Inhibition of SRE-dependent Egr1 expression was due to synergistic inhibition of Rac1 activity by PKA and EPAC, resulting in rapid cytoskeleton remodelling and nuclear export of ERK1/2. This was associated with de-phosphorylation of the SRF co-factor Elk1. CONCLUSION cAMP inhibits VSMC proliferation by rapidly inhibiting Egr1 expression. This occurs, at least in part, via inhibition of Rac1 activity leading to rapid actin-cytoskeleton remodelling, nuclear export of ERK1/2, impaired Elk1-phosphorylation and inhibition of SRE activity. This identifies one of the earliest mechanisms underlying the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP in VSMC but not in endothelial cells, making it an attractive target for selective inhibition of VSMC proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/pharmacology
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Epoprostenol/analogs & derivatives
- Epoprostenol/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- ets-Domain Protein Elk-1/genetics
- ets-Domain Protein Elk-1/metabolism
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi E Kimura
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Aparna Duggirala
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience & Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; University of Malaya, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Richard C Hewer
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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30
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Silpanisong J, Pearce WJ. Vasotrophic regulation of age-dependent hypoxic cerebrovascular remodeling. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2014; 11:544-63. [PMID: 24063376 DOI: 10.2174/1570161111311050002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia can induce functional and structural vascular remodeling by changing the expression of trophic factors to promote homeostasis. While most experimental approaches have been focused on functional remodeling, structural remodeling can reflect changes in the abundance and organization of vascular proteins that determine functional remodeling. Better understanding of age-dependent hypoxic macrovascular remodeling processes of the cerebral vasculature and its clinical implications require knowledge of the vasotrophic factors that influence arterial structure and function. Hypoxia can affect the expression of transcription factors, classical receptor tyrosine kinase factors, non-classical G-protein coupled factors, catecholamines, and purines. Hypoxia's remodeling effects can be mediated by Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) upregulation in most vascular beds, but alterations in the expression of growth factors can also be independent of HIF. PPARγ is another transcription factor involved in hypoxic remodeling. Expression of classical receptor tyrosine kinase ligands, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and angiopoietins, can be altered by hypoxia which can act simultaneously to affect remodeling. Tyrosine kinase-independent factors, such as transforming growth factor, nitric oxide, endothelin, angiotensin II, catecholamines, and purines also participate in the remodeling process. This adaptation to hypoxic stress can fundamentally change with age, resulting in different responses between fetuses and adults. Overall, these mechanisms integrate to assure that blood flow and metabolic demand are closely matched in all vascular beds and emphasize the view that the vascular wall is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous tissue with multiple cell types undergoing regular phenotypic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjutha Silpanisong
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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31
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Molnar P, Perrault R, Louis S, Zahradka P. The cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) mediates smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to angiotensin II. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 8:29-37. [PMID: 24327051 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-013-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that mediates the cellular response to metabolic and mitogenic signals. Whether CREB contributes to vascular function has received little attention, especially in relation to the processes associated with atherosclerotic disease progression and restenosis. This study examined the involvement of CREB in the mitogenic actions of angiotensin II (AngII), a growth factor that promotes neointimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury. Treatments were performed on quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) obtained from a porcine explant model. Organ culture was performed on porcine hearts subjected to angioplasty ex vivo. Stimulation of VSMCs with AngII resulted in transient CREB phosphorylation. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells in response to AngII was reduced by 90 % after infection with adenovirus expressing dominant-negative killer CREB (kCREB) mutant. Likewise, expression of kCREB prevented angioplasty-induced neointimal hyperplasia. AngII-induced CREB phosphorylation was independent of cAMP activation. Examination of putative CREB kinases revealed that MSK was responsible for phosphorylating CREB. In addition, inhibition of PKC revealed that this kinase operates upstream and activates MSK. These results indicate that activation of CREB via PKC and MSK is essential for SMC proliferation in response to AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Molnar
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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32
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Li L, Howell K, Sands M, Banahan M, Frohlich S, Rowan SC, Neary R, Ryan D, McLoughlin P. The α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 are required to maintain normal pulmonary vascular resistance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80637. [PMID: 24349008 PMCID: PMC3857174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension associated with structural alterations in pulmonary vessels and sustained vasoconstriction. The transcriptional mechanisms responsible for these distinctive changes are unclear. We have previously reported that CREB1 is activated in the lung in response to alveolar hypoxia but not in other organs. To directly investigate the role of α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance we examined the responses of mice in which these isoforms of CREB1 had been inactivated by gene mutation, leaving only the β isoform intact (CREB(αΔ) mice). Here we report that expression of CREB regulated genes was altered in the lungs of CREB(αΔ) mice. CREB(αΔ) mice had greater pulmonary vascular resistance than wild types, both basally in normoxia and following exposure to hypoxic conditions for three weeks. There was no difference in rho kinase mediated vasoconstriction between CREB(αΔ) and wild type mice. Stereological analysis of pulmonary vascular structure showed characteristic wall thickening and lumen reduction in hypoxic wild-type mice, with similar changes observed in CREB(αΔ). CREB(αΔ) mice had larger lungs with reduced epithelial surface density suggesting increased pulmonary compliance. These findings show that α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 regulate homeostatic gene expression in the lung and that normal activity of these isoforms is essential to maintain low pulmonary vascular resistance in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and to maintain the normal alveolar structure. Interventions that enhance the actions of α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 warrant further investigation in hypoxic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine Howell
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Sands
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Banahan
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Frohlich
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon C. Rowan
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisín Neary
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal Ryan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul McLoughlin
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Garat CV, Crossno JT, Sullivan TM, Reusch JEB, Klemm DJ. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery remodeling and suppresses CREB depletion in arterial smooth muscle cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 62:539-48. [PMID: 24084215 PMCID: PMC4143163 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension is characterized by progressive remodeling of the pulmonary artery (PA) system and loss of the transcription factor, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in PA smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Previous in vitro studies suggested that platelet-derived growth factor, a mitogen produced in the hypoxic arterial wall, elicits loss of CREB in medial SMCs via the PI3K/Akt pathway. These events trigger switching of SMCs from a quiescent, contractile phenotype to a proliferative, migratory, dedifferentiated, and synthetic phenotype, which contributes to PA thickening. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of PI3K or Akt could attenuate arterial remodeling in the lung and prevent CREB loss in PA medial SMCs in rats subjected to chronic hypoxia. Inhibition of either enzyme-blunted hypoxia-induced PA remodeling and SMC CREB depletion and diminished SMC proliferation and collagen deposition. Inhibition of Akt, but not PI3K, suppressed muscularization of distal arterioles and blunted right ventricular hypertrophy. Interestingly, mean PA pressure was elevated equally by hypoxia in untreated and inhibitor-treated groups but was normalized acutely by the Rho kinase inhibitor, Fasudil. We conclude that PI3K and Akt inhibitors can attenuate hypoxia-induced PA remodeling and SMC CREB depletion but fail to block the development of pulmonary hypertension because of their inability to repress Rho kinase-mediated vasoconstriction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterioles/drug effects
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Arterioles/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/agonists
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Stability/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Circulation/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
- rho-Associated Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystelle V. Garat
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Divisions of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Joseph T. Crossno
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Divisions of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Timothy M. Sullivan
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jane E. B. Reusch
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Divisions of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical campus, Aurora, CO
- Research and Endocrine Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Divisions of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical campus, Aurora, CO
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34
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Rossi O, Karczewski J, Stolte EH, Brummer RJM, van Nieuwenhoven MA, Meijerink M, van Neerven JRJ, van Ijzendoorn SCD, van Baarlen P, Wells JM. Vectorial secretion of interleukin-8 mediates autocrine signalling in intestinal epithelial cells via apically located CXCR1. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:431. [PMID: 24164922 PMCID: PMC4231470 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the intestinal mucosa, several adaptations of TLR signalling have evolved to avoid chronic inflammatory responses to the presence of commensal microbes. Here we investigated whether polarized monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells might regulate inflammatory responses by secreting IL-8 in a vectorial fashion (i.e. apical versus basolateral) depending on the location of the TLR stimulus. Results In the Caco-2 BBE model of polarized villus-like epithelium, apical stimulation with TLR2 and TLR5 ligands resulted in the apical secretion of IL-8. The CXCR1 receptor for IL-8 was expressed only on the apical membrane of Caco-2 BBE cells and differentiated epithelial cells in the human small intestine and colon. Transcriptome analyses revealed that Caco-2 BBE cells respond to stimulation with IL-8 supporting the hypothesis that IL-8 induces G protein-coupled receptor signalling. Conclusions These results show that IL-8 induces autocrine signalling via an apical CXCR1 in Caco-2 BBE intestinal epithelial cells and that this receptor is also expressed on the apical surface of differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo, suggesting an autocrine function for IL-8 secreted in the lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, ASG, University of Wageningen, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Liu Y, Sun LY, Singer DV, Ginnan R, Singer HA. CaMKIIδ-dependent inhibition of cAMP-response element-binding protein activity in vascular smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33519-33529. [PMID: 24106266 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.490870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One transcription factor mediator of Ca(2+)-signals is cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). CREB expression and/or activity negatively correlates with vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell proliferation and migration. Multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, including CaMKII, have been demonstrated to regulate CREB activity through both positive and negative phosphorylation events in vitro, but the function of CaMKII as a proximal regulator of CREB in intact cell systems, including VSM, is not clear. In this study, we used gain- and loss-of-function approaches to determine the function of CaMKIIδ in regulating CREB phosphorylation, localization, and activity in VSM. Overexpression of constitutively active CaMKIIδ specifically increased CREB phosphorylation on Ser(142) and silencing CaMKIIδ expression by siRNA or blocking endogenous CaMKII activity with KN93 abolished thrombin- or ionomycin-induced CREB phosphorylation on Ser(142) without affecting Ser(133) phosphorylation. CREB-Ser(142) phosphorylation correlated with transient nucleocytoplasmic translocation of CREB. Thrombin-induced CREB promoter activity, CREB binding to Sik1 and Rgs2 promoters, and Sik1/Rgs2 transcription were enhanced by a kinase-negative CaMKIIδ2 (K43A) mutant and inhibited by a constitutively active (T287D) mutant. Taken together, these studies establish negative regulation of CREB activity by endogenous CaMKIIδ-dependent CREB-Ser(142) phosphorylation and suggest a potential mechanism for CaMKIIδ/CREB signaling in modulating proliferation and migration in VSM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Li-Yan Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Diane V Singer
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Roman Ginnan
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Harold A Singer
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208.
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36
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Laresgoiti U, Apraiz A, Olea M, Mitxelena J, Osinalde N, Rodriguez JA, Fullaondo A, Zubiaga AM. E2F2 and CREB cooperatively regulate transcriptional activity of cell cycle genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:10185-98. [PMID: 24038359 PMCID: PMC3905855 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F2 is essential for the maintenance of T lymphocyte quiescence. To identify the full set of E2F2 target genes, and to gain further understanding of the role of E2F2 in transcriptional regulation, we have performed ChIP-chip analyses across the genome of lymph node–derived T lymphocytes. Here we show that during quiescence, E2F2 binds the promoters of a large number of genes involved in DNA metabolism and cell cycle regulation, concomitant with their transcriptional silencing. A comparison of ChIP-chip data with expression profiling data on resting E2f2−/− T lymphocytes identified a subset of 51 E2F2-specific target genes, most of which are upregulated on E2F2 loss. Luciferase reporter assays showed a retinoblastoma-independent role for E2F2 in the negative regulation of these target genes. Importantly, we show that the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor CREB contributes to E2F2-mediated repression of Mcm5 and Chk1 promoters. siRNA-mediated CREB knockdown, expression of a dominant negative KCREB mutant or disruption of CREB binding by mutating a CRE motif on Mcm5 promoter, relieved E2F2-mediated transcriptional repression. Taken together, our data uncover a new regulatory mechanism for E2F-mediated transcriptional control, whereby E2F2 and CREB cooperate in the transcriptional repression of a subset of E2F2 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usua Laresgoiti
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48940, Spain and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48940, Spain
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Faherty N, O'Donovan H, Kavanagh D, Madden S, McKay GJ, Maxwell AP, Martin F, Godson C, Crean J. TGFβ and CCN2/CTGF mediate actin related gene expression by differential E2F1/CREB activation. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:525. [PMID: 23902294 PMCID: PMC3765338 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCN2/CTGF is an established effector of TGFβ driven responses in diabetic nephropathy. We have identified an interaction between CCN2 and TGFβ leading to altered phenotypic differentiation and inhibited cellular migration. Here we determine the gene expression profile associated with this phenotype and define a transcriptional basis for differential actin related gene expression and cytoskeletal function. RESULTS From a panel of genes regulated by TGFβ and CCN2, we used co-inertia analysis to identify and then experimentally verify a subset of transcription factors, E2F1 and CREB, that regulate an expression fingerprint implicated in altered actin dynamics and cell hypertrophy. Importantly, actin related genes containing E2F1 and CREB binding sites, stratified by expression profile within the dataset. Further analysis of actin and cytoskeletal related genes from patients with diabetic nephropathy suggests recapitulation of this programme during the development of renal disease. The Rho family member Cdc42 was also found uniquely to be activated in cells treated with TGFβ and CCN2; Cdc42 interacting genes were differentially regulated in diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS TGFβ and CCN2 attenuate CREB and augment E2F1 transcriptional activation with the likely effect of altering actin cytoskeletal and cell growth/hypertrophic gene activity with implications for cell dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. The cytoskeletal regulator Cdc42 may play a role in this signalling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Faherty
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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38
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Kudryavtseva O, Aalkjaer C, Matchkov VV. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype is defined by Ca2+-dependent transcription factors. FEBS J 2013; 280:5488-99. [PMID: 23848563 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is an important second messenger in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, VSMCs exercise tight control of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) by expressing a wide repertoire of Ca(2+) channels and transporters. The presence of several pathways for Ca(2+) influx and efflux provides many possibilities for controlling [Ca(2+)]i in a spatial and temporal manner. Intracellular Ca(2+) has a dual role in VSMCs; first, it is necessary for VSMC contraction; and, second, it can activate multiple transcription factors. These factors are cAMP response element-binding protein, nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes, and serum response factor. Furthermore, it was recently reported that the C-terminus of voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) calcium channels can regulate transcription in VSMCs. Transcription regulation in VSMCs modulates the expression patterns of genes, including genes coding for contractile and cytoskeleton proteins, and those promoting proliferation and cell growth. Depending on their gene expression, VSMCs can exist in different functional states or phenotypes. The majority of healthy VSMCs show a contractile phenotype, characterized by high contractile ability and a low proliferative rate. However, VSMCs can undergo phenotypic modulation with different physiological and pathological stimuli, whereby they start to proliferate, migrate, and synthesize excessive extracellular matrix. These events are associated with injury repair and angiogenesis, but also with the development of cardiovascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. This review discusses the currently known Ca(2+)-dependent transcription factors in VSMCs, their regulation by Ca(2+) signalling, and their role in the VSMC phenotype.
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Knaub LA, McCune S, Chicco AJ, Miller M, Moore RL, Birdsey N, Lloyd MI, Villarreal J, Keller AC, Watson PA, Reusch JEB. Impaired response to exercise intervention in the vasculature in metabolic syndrome. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013; 10:222-38. [PMID: 23162060 PMCID: PMC4139293 DOI: 10.1177/1479164112459664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity decreases risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality; however, the specific impact of exercise on the diabetic vasculature is unexamined. We hypothesized that an acute, moderate exercise intervention in diabetic and hypertensive rats would induce mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial antioxidant defence to improve vascular resilience. SHHF/Mcc-fa(cp) lean (hypertensive) and obese (hypertensive, insulin resistant), as well as Sprague Dawley (SD) control rats were run on a treadmill for 8 days. In aortic lysates from SD rats, we observed a significant increase in subunit proteins from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) complexes I-III, with no changes in the lean or obese SHHF rats. Exercise also increased the expression of mitochondrial antioxidant defence uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) (p < 0.05) in SHHF lean rats, whereas no changes were observed in the SD or SHHF obese rats with exercise. We evaluated upstream signalling pathways for mitochondrial biogenesis, and only peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) significantly decreased in SHHF lean rats (p < 0.05) with exercise. In these experiments, we demonstrate absent mitochondrial induction with exercise exposure in models of chronic vascular disease. These findings suggest that chronic vascular stress results in decreased sensitivity of vasculature to the adaptive mitochondrial responses normally induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sylvia McCune
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Russell L Moore
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Birdsey
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Monique I Lloyd
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Juan Villarreal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy C Keller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter A Watson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jane EB Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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Cav1.2, cell proliferation, and new target in atherosclerosis. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:463527. [PMID: 25937960 PMCID: PMC4392978 DOI: 10.1155/2013/463527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cav1.2 calcium channels are the principal proteins involved in electrical, mechanical, and/or signaling functions of the cell. Cav1.2 couples membrane depolarization to the transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration that is a trigger for muscle contraction and CREB-dependent transcriptional activation. The CACNA1C gene coding for the Cav1.2 pore-forming α1C subunit is subject to extensive alternative splicing. This review is the first attempt to follow the association between cell proliferation, Cav1.2 expression and splice variation, and atherosclerosis. Based on insights into the association between the atherosclerosis-induced molecular remodeling of Cav1.2, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and CREB-dependent transcriptional signaling, this review will give a perspective outlook for the use of the CACNA1C exon skipping as a new potential gene therapy approach to atherosclerosis.
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Lee GL, Chang YW, Wu JY, Wu ML, Wu KK, Yet SF, Kuo CC. TLR 2 induces vascular smooth muscle cell migration through cAMP response element-binding protein-mediated interleukin-6 production. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2751-60. [PMID: 22995520 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media into intima contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Gene deletion experiments implicate a role for toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in atherogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We postulate that TLR2 promotes VSMC migration by enhancing interleukin (IL)-6 production. METHODS AND RESULTS Migration assays revealed that TLR2 agonists promoted VSMC migration but not cell proliferation or viability. TLR2 deficiency or inhibition of TLR2 signaling with anti-TLR2 antibody suppressed TLR2 agonist-induced VSMC migration and IL-6 production, which was mediated via p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways. Neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies impaired TLR2-mediated VSMC migration and formation of filamentous actin fiber and lamellipodia. Blockade of p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation inhibited TLR2 agonist pam3CSK4-induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein, which regulates IL-6 promoter activity through the cAMP response element site. Moreover, cAMP response element-binding protein small interfering RNA inhibited pam3CSK4-induced IL-6 production and VSMC migration. Additionally, Rac1 small interfering RNA inhibited pam3CSK4-induced VSMC migration but not IL-6 production. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that on ligand binding, TLR2 activates p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling in VSMCs. These signaling pathways act in concert to activate cAMP response element-binding protein and subsequent IL-6 production, which in turn promotes VSMC migration via Rac1-mediated actin cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang S, Song J, Zhang Y, Wei X, Feng Z. MiR-134 functions as a regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration involving lung septation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:131-6. [PMID: 22259016 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-25 nt long non-coding RNA that modulate various biological processes, including developmental timing via regulating the expression of their target genes. One critical determinant of normal postnatal lung architecture is septation, and there are many miRNAs involved in the development process. miR-134 is reported as a powerful inducer of pluripotent stem cell differentiation, and we have found that miR-134 is strongly downregulated during mice lung septation (from postnatal Day 2 to postnatal Day 21). Further cell function experiments have revealed that over-expression of miR-134 in A549 and Calu-3 cells can promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis and migration abilities in vitro, and the down-expression of miR-134 in cells can act in the opposite way, which indicate that miR-134 is associated with lung septation. This study provides a basis for further investigation of its function in lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, BaYi Children's Hospital of The General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, Dongcheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Calcium signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells: from physiology to pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:795-810. [PMID: 22453970 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic variations in calcium (Ca(2+)) concentrations, through a process called excitation-contraction coupling, allow regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells contractility and thus modulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. As a second messenger, Ca(2+) also activates signaling cascades leading to transcription factors activation in a process called excitation-transcription coupling. Furthermore, recent evidences indicate an interaction between post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) and Ca(2+) signaling. All these actors, which are frequently altered in vascular diseases, will be reviewed here.
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Matchkov VV, Kudryavtseva O, Aalkjaer C. Intracellular Ca2+ Signalling and Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:42-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Klemm DJ, Majka SM, Crossno JT, Psilas JC, Reusch JE, Garat CV. Reduction of reactive oxygen species prevents hypoxia-induced CREB depletion in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 58:181-91. [PMID: 21562428 PMCID: PMC3155008 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31821f2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease characterized by progressive remodeling and persistent vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arterial system. Remodeling of the pulmonary artery (PA) involves smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, hypertrophy, migration, and elevated extracellular matrix (ECM) production elicited by mitogens and oxidants produced in response to hypoxic insult. We previously reported that the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is depleted in medial PA SMCs in remodeled, hypertensive vessels in rats or calves exposed to chronic hypoxia. In culture, CREB loss can be induced in PA SMCs by exogenous oxidants or platelet-derived growth factor. Forced depletion of CREB with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in PA SMCs is sufficient to induce their proliferation, hypertrophy, migration, dedifferentiation, and ECM production. This suggests that oxidant and/or mitogen-induced loss of CREB in medial SMCs is, in part, responsible for PA thickening. Here, we tested whether oxidant scavengers could prevent the loss of CREB in PA SMCs and inhibit SMC proliferation, migration, and ECM production using in vitro and in vivo models. Exposure of PA SMCs to hypoxia induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and loss of CREB. Treatment of SMCs with exogenous H2O2 or a second oxidant, Sin-1, elicited CREB depletion under normoxic conditions. Exogenous H2O2 also induced SMC proliferation, migration, and increased elastin levels as did forced depletion of CREB. In vivo, hypoxia-induced thickening of the PA wall was suppressed by the superoxide dismutase mimetic, Tempol, which also prevented the loss of CREB in medial SMCs. Tempol also reduced hypoxia-induced SMC proliferation and elastin deposition in the PA. The data indicate that CREB levels in the arterial wall are regulated in part by oxidants produced in response to hypoxia and that CREB plays a crucial role in regulating SMC phenotype and PA remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Hypoxia/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/biosynthesis
- Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight J. Klemm
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joseph T. Crossno
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - John C. Psilas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jane E.B. Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Chrystelle V. Garat
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
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Chen WJ, Chen YH, Lin KH, Ting CH, Yeh YH. Cilostazol promotes vascular smooth muscles cell differentiation through the cAMP response element-binding protein-dependent pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2106-13. [PMID: 21680899 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.230987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cilostazol, a potent type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has recently been found to reduce neointimal formation by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether cilostazol exerts an action on phenotypic modulation of VSMCs, another important process in the pathogenesis of neointimal formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Cilostazol may convert VSMCs from a serum-induced dedifferentiation state to a differentiated state, as indicated by a spindle-shaped morphology and an increase in the expression of smooth muscle cell differentiation marker contractile proteins. The upregulation of contractile proteins by cilostazol involves the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, because the cAMP analog mimicked and specific cAMP/PKA inhibitors opposed the effect of cilostazol. Furthermore, cilostazol-activated cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB), including phosphorylation at Ser133 and its nuclear translocation. Deletion and mutational analysis of the contractile protein promoters along with chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-CREB antibody showed that CRE is essential for cilostazol-induced contractile protein expression. Transfection of dominant-negative CREB (mutated Ser133) plasmid in VSMCs blocked cilostazol-stimulated contractile protein expression. In vivo, cilostazol upregulated contractile proteins and induced the activation of CREB in the neointima of balloon-injured arteries. CONCLUSIONS Cilostazol promotes VSMC differentiation through the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Chen
- First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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48
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Tian X, Vroom C, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Bieniek E, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Pullamsetti SS. Phosphodiesterase 10A upregulation contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18136. [PMID: 21494592 PMCID: PMC3073929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) modulate the cellular proliferation involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) by hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP. The present study was designed to determine whether any of the recently identified PDEs (PDE7-PDE11) contribute to progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. All in vitro experiments were performed with lung tissue or pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) obtained from control rats or monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertensive (MCT-PH) rats, and we examined the effects of the PDE10 inhibitor papaverine (Pap) and specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). In addition, papaverine was administrated to MCT-induced PH rats from day 21 to day 35 by continuous intravenous infusion to examine the in vivo effects of PDE10A inhibition. We found that PDE10A was predominantly present in the lung vasculature, and the mRNA, protein, and activity levels of PDE10A were all significantly increased in MCT PASMCs compared with control PASMCs. Papaverine and PDE10A siRNA induced an accumulation of intracellular cAMP, activated cAMP response element binding protein and attenuated PASMC proliferation. Intravenous infusion of papaverine in MCT-PH rats resulted in a 40%-50% attenuation of the effects on pulmonary hypertensive hemodynamic parameters and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The present study is the first to demonstrate a central role of PDE10A in progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the results suggest a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Intracellular Space/drug effects
- Intracellular Space/metabolism
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/enzymology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Monocrotaline
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Papaverine/pharmacology
- Papaverine/therapeutic use
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/enzymology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tissue Donors
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Tian
- Medical Clinic II/V, University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ewa Bieniek
- Medical Clinic II/V, University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Werner Seeger
- Medical Clinic II/V, University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Medical Clinic II/V, University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Medical Clinic II/V, University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Chiong M, Parra V, Eisner V, Ibarra C, Maldonado C, Criollo A, Bravo R, Quiroga C, Contreras A, Vicencio JM, Cea P, Bucarey JL, Molgó J, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo C, Kroemer G, Lavandero S. Parallel activation of Ca(2+)-induced survival and death pathways in cardiomyocytes by sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. Apoptosis 2010; 15:887-903. [PMID: 20454859 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress promotes rapid and pronounced apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated if Ca(2+) signals contribute to this response. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to sorbitol [600 mosmol (kg water)(-1)] elicited large and oscillatory intracellular Ca(2+) concentration increases. These Ca(2+) signals were inhibited by nifedipine, Cd(2+), U73122, xestospongin C and ryanodine, suggesting contributions from both Ca(2+) influx through voltage dependent L-type Ca(2+) channels plus Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores mediated by IP(3) receptors and ryanodine receptors. Hyperosmotic stress also increased mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels, promoted mitochondrial depolarization, reduced intracellular ATP content, and activated the transcriptional factor cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), determined by increased CREB phosphorylation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Incubation with 1 mM EGTA to decrease extracellular [Ca(2+)] prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hyperosmotic stress, while overexpression of an adenoviral dominant negative form of CREB abolished the cardioprotection provided by 1 mM EGTA. These results suggest that hyperosmotic stress induced by sorbitol, by increasing Ca(2+) influx and raising intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, activates Ca(2+) release from stores and causes cell death through mitochondrial function collapse. In addition, the present results suggest that the Ca(2+) increase induced by hyperosmotic stress promotes cell survival by recruiting CREB-mediated signaling. Thus, the fate of cardiomyocytes under hyperosmotic stress will depend on the balance between Ca(2+)-induced survival and death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiong
- Centro FONDAP Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Thiazolidinediones prevent PDGF-BB-induced CREB depletion in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by preventing upregulation of casein kinase 2 alpha' catalytic subunit. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:469-80. [PMID: 20147842 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181d64dbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor CREB is diminished in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in remodeled, hypertensive pulmonary arteries (PAs) in animals exposed to chronic hypoxia. Forced depletion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) in PA SMCs stimulates their proliferation and migration in vitro. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced in the hypoxic PA wall promotes CREB proteasomal degradation in SMCs via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling, which promotes phosphorylation of CREB at 2 casein kinase 2 (CK2) sites. Here we tested whether thiazolidinediones, agents that inhibit hypoxia-induced PA remodeling, attenuate SMC CREB loss. METHODS Depletion of CREB and changes in casein kinase 2 catalytic subunit expression and activity were measured in PA SMC treated with PDGF. PA remodeling and changes in medial PA CREB and casein kinase 2 levels were evaluated in lung sections from rats exposed to hypoxia for 21 days. RESULTS We found that the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone prevented PA remodeling and SMC CREB loss in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia. Likewise, the thiazolidinedione troglitazone blocked PA SMC proliferation and CREB depletion induced by PDGF in vitro. Thiazolidinediones did not repress Akt activation by hypoxia in vivo or by PDGF in vitro. However, PDGF-induced CK2 alpha' catalytic subunit expression and activity in PA SMCs, and depletion of CK2 alpha' subunit prevented PDGF-stimulated CREB loss. Troglitazone inhibited PDGF-induced CK2 alpha' subunit expression in vitro and rosiglitazone blocked induction of CK2 catalytic subunit expression by hypoxia in PA SMCs in vivo. CONCLUSION We conclude that thiazolidinediones prevent PA remodeling in part by suppressing upregulation of CK2 and loss of CREB in PA SMCs.
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