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Lang A, Eastburn EA, Younesi M, Nijsure M, Siciliano C, Haran AP, Panebianco CJ, Seidl E, Tang R, Alsberg E, Willett NJ, Gottardi R, Huh D, Boerckel JD. Cyr61 delivery promotes angiogenesis during bone fracture repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588239. [PMID: 38617208 PMCID: PMC11014620 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Compromised vascular supply and insufficient neovascularization impede bone repair, increasing risk of non-union. Cyr61, Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer of 61kD (also known as CCN1), is a matricellular growth factor that is regulated by mechanical cues during fracture repair. Here, we map the distribution of endogenous Cyr61 during bone repair and evaluate the effects of recombinant Cyr61 delivery on vascularized bone regeneration. In vitro, Cyr61 treatment did not alter chondrogenesis or osteogenic gene expression, but significantly enhanced angiogenesis. In a mouse femoral fracture model, Cyr61 delivery did not alter cartilage or bone formation, but accelerated neovascularization during fracture repair. Early initiation of ambulatory mechanical loading disrupted Cyr61-induced neovascularization. Together, these data indicate that Cyr61 delivery can enhance angiogenesis during bone repair, particularly for fractures with stable fixation, and may have therapeutic potential for fractures with limited blood vessel supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Lang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily A. Eastburn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mousa Younesi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Madhura Nijsure
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carly Siciliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Annapurna Pranatharthi Haran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Seidl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- The Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mattingly ML, Ruple BA, Sexton CL, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Smith MA, Plotkin DL, Michel JM, Anglin DA, Kontos NJ, Fei S, Phillips SM, Mobley CB, Vechetti I, Vann CG, Roberts MD. Resistance training in humans and mechanical overload in rodents do not elevate muscle protein lactylation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1281702. [PMID: 37841321 PMCID: PMC10569119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1281702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several reports have hypothesized that exercise may increase skeletal muscle protein lactylation, empirical evidence in humans is lacking. Thus, we adopted a multi-faceted approach to examine if acute and subchronic resistance training (RT) altered skeletal muscle protein lactylation levels. In mice, we also sought to examine if surgical ablation-induced plantaris hypertrophy coincided with increases in muscle protein lactylation. To examine acute responses, participants' blood lactate concentrations were assessed before, during, and after eight sets of an exhaustive lower body RT bout (n = 10 trained college-aged men). Vastus lateralis biopsies were also taken before, 3-h post, and 6-h post-exercise to assess muscle protein lactylation. To identify training responses, another cohort of trained college-aged men (n = 14) partook in 6 weeks of lower-body RT (3x/week) and biopsies were obtained before and following the intervention. Five-month-old C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 10 days of plantaris overload (OV, n = 8) or served as age-matched sham surgery controls (Sham, n = 8). Although acute resistance training significantly increased blood lactate responses ∼7.2-fold (p < 0.001), cytoplasmic and nuclear protein lactylation levels were not significantly altered at the post-exercise time points, and no putative lactylation-dependent mRNA was altered following exercise. Six weeks of RT did not alter cytoplasmic protein lactylation (p = 0.800) despite significantly increasing VL muscle size (+3.5%, p = 0.037), and again, no putative lactylation-dependent mRNA was significantly affected by training. Plantaris muscles were larger in OV versus Sham mice (+43.7%, p < 0.001). However, cytoplasmic protein lactylation was similar between groups (p = 0.369), and nuclear protein lactylation was significantly lower in OV versus Sham mice (p < 0.001). The current null findings, along with other recent null findings in the literature, challenge the thesis that lactate has an appreciable role in promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley A. Ruple
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Casey L. Sexton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua S. Godwin
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Morgan A. Smith
- Department of Genetics, Standford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Derick A. Anglin
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Shengyi Fei
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - C. Brooks Mobley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ivan Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Christopher G. Vann
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Aitken KJ, Yadav P, Sidler M, Thanabalasingam T, Ahmed T, Aggarwal P, Yip ST, Jeffrey N, Jiang JX, Siebenaller A, Sotiropoulos C, Huang R, Le DMQ, Delgado-Olguin P, Bagli D. Spontaneous urinary bladder regeneration after subtotal cystectomy increases YAP/WWTR1 signaling and downstream BDNF expression: Implications for smooth muscle injury responses. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287205. [PMID: 37494380 PMCID: PMC10370683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents have the capacity for spontaneous bladder regeneration and bladder smooth muscle cell (BSMC) migration following a subtotal cystectomy (STC). YAP/WWTR1 and BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) play crucial roles in development and regeneration. During partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBO), excessive YAP/WWTR1 signaling and BDNF expression increases BSMC hypertrophy and dysfunction. YAP/WWTR1 and expression of BDNF and CYR61 were examined in models of regeneration and wound repair. Live cell microscopy was utilized in an ex vivo model of STC to visualize cell movement and division. In Sprague-Dawley female rats, STC was performed by resection of the bladder dome sparing the trigone, followed by closure of the bladder. Smooth muscle migration and downstream effects on signaling and expression were also examined after scratch wound of BSMC with inhibitors of YAP and BDNF signaling. Sham, PBO and incision (cystotomy) were comparators for the STC model. Scratch wound in vitro increased SMC migration and expression of BDNF, CTGF and CYR61 in a YAP/WWTR1-dependent manner. Inhibition of YAP/WWTR1 and BDNF signaling reduced scratch-induced migration. BDNF and CYR61 expression was elevated during STC and PBO. STC induces discrete genes associated with endogenous de novo cell regeneration downstream of YAP/WWTR1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Aitken
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priyank Yadav
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Sidler
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division Chief, Paediatric and Neonatal Surgeon, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Thenuka Thanabalasingam
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Human Biology Programme, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tabina Ahmed
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Human Biology Programme, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prateek Aggarwal
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Human Biology Programme, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shing Tai Yip
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nefateri Jeffrey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia-Xin Jiang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliza Siebenaller
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Sotiropoulos
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Human Biology Programme, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Huang
- Human Biology Programme, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Minh Quynh Le
- Human Biology Programme, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darius Bagli
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Leong NL, Greskovich K, Blommer J, Jiang J. CCN1 expression is regulated by mechanical stimuli in tendons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:25-31. [PMID: 37116394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Tendon overuse injuries are common, but the processes that govern tendon response to mechanical load are not fully understood. A series of experiments of in vitro and in vivo experiments was devised to study to the relationship between mechanical stimuli and the matricellular protein Cellular Communication Network Factor 1 (CCN1) in tenocytes and tendons. First, human and murine tenocytes were subjected to cyclic uniaxial loading in order to evaluate changes in CCN1 gene expression as a response to mechanical stimuli. Then, baseline Ccn1 gene expression in different murine tendons (Achilles, patellar, forearm, and tail) was examined. Finally, changes in Ccn1 expression after in vivo unloading experiments were examined. It was found that CCN1 expression significantly increased in both human and murine tenocytes at 5 and 10% cyclical uniaxial strain, while 2.5% strain did not have any effect on CCN1 expression. At baseline, the Achilles, patellar, and forearm tendons had higher expression levels of Ccn1 as compared to tail tendons. Twenty-four hours of immobilization of the hind-limb resulted in a significant decrease in Ccn1 expression in both the Achilles and patellar tendons. In summary, CCN1 expression is up-regulated in tenocytes subjected to mechanical load and down-regulated by loss of mechanical load in tendons. These results show that CCN1 expression in tendons is at least partially regulated by mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Leong
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, United States; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States.
| | - Kathryn Greskovich
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, United States; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States
| | - Joseph Blommer
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States
| | - Jie Jiang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States
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5
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Xiang ZY, Chen SL, Qin XR, Lin SL, Xu Y, Lu LN, Zou HD. Changes and related factors of blood CCN1 levels in diabetic patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131993. [PMID: 37334311 PMCID: PMC10273100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the differences in blood cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) levels between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals and to explore the relationship between CCN1 and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Plasma CCN1 levels were detected using ELISA in 50 healthy controls, 74 patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM group), and 69 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group). Correlations between CCN1 levels and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and other factors were analyzed. The relationship between CCN1 expression and DR was explored using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis was performed for all subjects, and the molecular changes that may be related to CCN1 were explored. The retinal vasculature of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined using fundus fluorescein angiography; in addition, retinal protein expression was examined using western blotting. Results Plasma CCN1 levels in patients with DR were significantly higher than in the control and DM groups; however, no significant differences were observed between healthy controls and patients with DM. CCN1 levels negatively correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with the duration of diabetes and urea levels. It was observed that high (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 1.10-20.25) and very high (OR 8.54, 95% CI: 2.00-36.51) levels of CCN1 were risk factors for DR. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCN1-related pathways were significantly altered in the DR group. The expression of hypoxia-, oxidative stress-, and dephosphorylation-related proteins were elevated, while that of tight junction proteins were reduced in the retinas of diabetic rats. Conclusion Blood CCN1 levels are significantly elevated in patients with DR. High and very high levels of plasma CCN1 are risk factors for DR. Blood CCN1 level may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of DR. The effects of CCN1 on DR may be related to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ran Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen-Lin Lin
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
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6
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Wang YK, Weng HK, Mo FE. The regulation and functions of the matricellular CCN proteins induced by shear stress. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z. [PMID: 37191841 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is a frictional drag generated by the flow of fluid, such as blood or interstitial fluid, and plays a critical role in regulating cellular gene expression and functional phenotype. The matricellular CCN family proteins are dynamically regulated by shear stress of different flow patterns, and their expression significantly alters the microenvironment of cells. Secreted CCN proteins mainly bind to several cell surface integrin receptors to mediate their diverse functions in regulating cell survival, function, and behavior. Gene-knockout studies indicate major functions of CCN proteins in the cardiovascular and skeletal systems, the two primary systems in which CCN expressions are regulated by shear stress. In the cardiovascular system, the endothelium is directly exposed to vascular shear stress. Unidirectional laminar blood flow generates laminar shear stress, which promotes a mature endothelial phenotype and upregulates anti-inflammatory CCN3 expression. In contrast, disturbed flow generates oscillatory shear stress, which induces endothelial dysfunction through the induction of CCN1 and CCN2. Shear-induced CCN1 binds to integrin α6β1 and promotes superoxide production, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Although the interaction between shear stress and CCN4-6 is not clear, CCN 4 exhibits a proinflammatory property and CCN5 inhibits vascular cell growth and migration. The crucial roles of CCN proteins in cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease are evident but not fully understood. In the skeletal system, mechanical loading on bone generates shear stress from interstitial fluid in the lacuna-canalicular system and promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. CCN1 and CCN2 are induced and potentially mediate fluid shear stress mechanosensing in osteocytes. However, the exact roles of interstitial shear stress-induced CCN1 and CCN2 in bone are still not clear. In contrast to other CCN family proteins, CCN3 inhibits osteoblast differentiation, although its regulation by interstitial shear stress in osteocytes has not been reported. The induction of CCN proteins by shear stress in bone and their functions remain largely unknown and merit further investigation. This review discusses the expression and functions of CCN proteins regulated by shear stress in physiological conditions, diseases, and cell culture models. The roles between CCN family proteins can be compensatory or counteractive in tissue remodeling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fan-E Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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7
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Zhang R, Liu Q, Lyu C, Gao X, Ma W. Knockdown SENP1 Suppressed the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Impacting CXCR4-Regulated MRTF-A SUMOylation and CCN1 Expression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030914. [PMID: 36979893 PMCID: PMC10046070 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for adult vascular regeneration and repair, which is regulated by various growth factors and cytokines. In the current study, we report that knockdown SUMO-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) stimulated the SUMOylation of MRTF-A and prevented its translocation into the nucleus, leading to downregulation of the cytokine and angiogenic factor CCN1, which significantly impacted MSC-mediated angiogenesis and cell migration. Further studies showed that SENP1 knockdown also suppressed the expression of a chemokine receptor CXCR4, and overexpression of CXCR4 could partially abrogate MRTF-A SUMOylation and reestablish the CCN1 level. Mutation analysis confirmed that SUMOylation occurred on three lysine residues (Lys-499, Lys-576, and Lys-624) of MRTF-A. In addition, SENP1 knockdown abolished the synergistic co-activation of CCN1 between MRTF-A and histone acetyltransferase p300 by suppressing acetylation on histone3K9, histone3K14, and histone4. These results revealed an important signaling pathway to regulate MSC differentiation and angiogenesis by MRTF-A SUMOylation involving cytokine/chemokine activities mediated by CCN1 and CXCR4, which may potentially impact a variety of cellular processes such as revascularization, wound healing, and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Cuicui Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (W.M.)
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8
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Chaqour B, Grant MB, Lau LF, Wang B, Urbanski MM, Melendez-Vasquez CV. Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Measurements of Retinal Microvessel Stiffness in Mice with Endothelial-Specific Deletion of CCN1. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2582:323-334. [PMID: 36370360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular stiffness is an independent predictor of human vascular diseases and is linked to ischemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and/or aging. Blood vessel stiffening increases owing to changes in the microscale architecture and/or content of extracellular, cytoskeletal, and nuclear matrix proteins. These alterations, while best appreciated in large blood vessels, also gradually occur in the microvasculature and play an important role in the initiation and progression of numerous microangiopathies including diabetic retinopathy. Although macroscopic measurements of arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity are often used for clinical diagnosis, stiffness changes of intact microvessels and their causative factors have not been characterized. Herein, we describe the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine stiffness of mouse retinal capillaries and assess its regulation by the cellular communication network (CCN) 1, a stiffness-sensitive gene-encoded matricellular protein. AFM yields reproducible measurements of retinal capillary stiffness in lightly fixed freshly isolated retinal flat mounts. AFM measurements also show significant changes in compliance properties of the retinal microvasculature of mice with endothelial-specific deletion of CCN1, indicating that CCN1 expression, or lack thereof, affects the mechanical properties of microvascular cells in vivo. Thus, AFM has the force sensitivity and the spatial resolution necessary to measure the local modulus of retinal capillaries in situ and eventually to investigate microvascular compliance heterogeneities as key components of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lester F Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Biran Wang
- Molecular Cytology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Hu Q, Zhang X, Sun M, jiang B, Zhang Z, Sun D. Potential epigenetic molecular regulatory networks in ocular neovascularization. Front Genet 2022; 13:970224. [PMID: 36118885 PMCID: PMC9478661 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is one of the many manifestations of ocular diseases, including corneal injury and vascular diseases of the retina and choroid. Although anti-VEGF drugs have been used to effectively treat neovascularization, long-term use of anti-angiogenic factors can cause a variety of neurological and developmental side effects. As a result, better drugs to treat ocular neovascularization are urgently required. There is mounting evidence that epigenetic regulation is important in ocular neovascularization. DNA methylation and histone modification, non-coding RNA, and mRNA modification are all examples of epigenetic mechanisms. In order to shed new light on epigenetic therapeutics in ocular neovascularization, this review focuses on recent advances in the epigenetic control of ocular neovascularization as well as discusses these new mechanisms.
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10
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SRF depletion in early life contributes to social interaction deficits in the adulthood. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:278. [PMID: 35505150 PMCID: PMC9064851 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in social behavior are core symptoms of major developmental neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorders or schizophrenia. Hence, understanding their molecular and cellular underpinnings constitutes the major research task. Dysregulation of the global gene expression program in the developing brain leads to modifications in a number of neuronal connections, synaptic strength and shape, causing unbalanced neuronal plasticity, which may be important substrate in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, contributing to their clinical outcome. Serum response factor (SRF) is a major transcription factor in the brain. The behavioral influence of SRF deletion during neuronal differentiation and maturation has never been studied because previous attempts to knock-out the gene caused premature death. Herein, we generated mice that lacked SRF from early postnatal development to precisely investigate the role of SRF starting in the specific time window before maturation of excitatory synapses that are located on dendritic spine occurs. We show that the time-controlled loss of SRF in neurons alters specific aspects of social behaviors in SRF knock-out mice, and causes deficits in developmental spine maturation at both the structural and functional levels, including downregulated expression of the AMPARs subunits GluA1 and GluA2, and increases the percentage of filopodial/immature dendritic spines. In aggregate, our study uncovers the consequences of postnatal SRF elimination for spine maturation and social interactions revealing novel mechanisms underlying developmental neuropsychiatric diseases.
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11
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Song R, Zhao S, Xu Y, Hu J, Ke S, Li F, Tian G, Zheng X, Li J, Gu L, Xu Y. MRTF-A regulates myoblast commitment to differentiation by targeting PAX7 during muscle regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8645-8661. [PMID: 34347392 PMCID: PMC8435411 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor-A/serum response factor (MRTF-A/SRF), a well-known transcriptional programme, has been proposed to play crucial roles in skeletal muscle development and function. However, whether MRTF-A participates in muscle regeneration and the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we show that MRTF-A levels are highly correlated with myogenic genes using a RNA-seq assay, which reveal that MRTF-A knockdown in C2C12 cells significantly reduces PAX7 expression. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo data show that MRTF-A and PAX7 present identical expression patterns during myoblast differentiation and CTX-induced muscle injury and repair. Remarkably, MRTF-A overexpression promotes myoblast proliferation, while inhibiting cell differentiation and the expression of MyoD and MyoG. MRTF-A loss of function produces the opposite effect. Moreover, mice with lentivirus (MRTF-A) injection possesses more PAX7+ satellite cells, but less differentiating MyoD+ and MyoG+ cells, leading subsequently to diminished muscle regeneration. Our mechanistic results reveal that MRTF-A contributes to PAX7-mediated myoblast self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its distal CArG box. Overall, we propose that MRTF-A functions as a novel PAX7 regulator upon myoblast commitment to differentiation, which could provide pathways for dictating muscle stem cell fate and open new avenues to explore stem cell-based therapy for muscle degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Song
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Centre of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Shuangao Ke
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Gaohui Tian
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Lixing Gu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
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12
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Zhang Z, Chen B, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Xu Y. The Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylase Homolog 1D/lysine Demethylase 7A (JHDM1D/KDM7A) Is an Epigenetic Activator of RHOJ Transcription in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664375. [PMID: 34249916 PMCID: PMC8262595 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RHOJ is a key regulator of breast cancer metastasis by promoting cell migration and invasion. The prometastatic stimulus TGF-β activates RHOJ transcription via megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1). The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not clear. Here, we report that MKL1 deficiency led to disrupted assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex on the RHOJ promoter in breast cancer cells. This could be partially explained by histone H3K9/H3K27 methylation status. Further analysis confirmed that the H3K9/H3K27 dual demethylase JHDM1D/KDM7A was essential for TGF-β-induced RHOJ transcription in breast cancer cells. MKL1 interacted with and recruited KDM7A to the RHOJ promoter to cooperatively activate RHOJ transcription. KDM7A knockdown attenuated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and mitigated the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells in nude mice. KDM7A expression level, either singularly or in combination with that of RHOJ, could be used to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients. Of interest, KDM7A appeared to be a direct transcriptional target of TGF-β signaling. A SMAD2/SMAD4 complex bound to the KDM7A promoter and mediated TGF-β-induced KDM7A transcription. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel epigenetic mechanism whereby TGF-β regulates the transcription of the prometastatic small GTPase RHOJ. Screening for small-molecule inhibitors of KDM7A may yield effective therapeutic solutions to treat malignant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China.,Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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13
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Lin L, Zhang Q, Fan H, Zhao H, Yang Y. Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor A Mediates LPS-Induced iNOS Transactivation. Inflammation 2021; 43:1351-1361. [PMID: 32440986 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-dependent inflammation plays a critical role in atherogenesis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of key pro-inflammatory mediators produced in macrophages and its levels can be upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The epigenetic mechanism whereby LPS induces iNOS transcription is incompletely understood. We show here myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) potentiated iNOS promoter activity in macrophages. There was a decrease in LPS-induced iNOS expression in several cell models due to the lack of MRTF-A. LPS treatment promoted nuclear accumulation of MRTF-A and its interaction with NF-κB/p65 on the iNOS promoter. The absence of MRTF-A prevented the accumulation of active histone marks on the iNOS promoter in response to LPS treatment. Mechanistically, MRTF-A recruited ASH2, a key component of the mammalian histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex, to the iNOS promoter. Silencing of ASH2 attenuated iNOS expression following LPS treatment. Together, our data highlight a role for MRTF-A-dependent recruitment of H3K4 methyltransferase in iNOS induction and as such provide a novel target in the intervention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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14
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Appleton KM, Palsuledesai CC, Misek SA, Blake M, Zagorski J, Gallo KA, Dexheimer TS, Neubig RR. Inhibition of the Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor Pathway Increases Efficacy of Trametinib in NRAS-Mutant Melanoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092012. [PMID: 33921974 PMCID: PMC8122681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, and treatment is often ineffective due to the development of resistance to targeted therapeutic agents. The most prevalent form of melanoma with a mutated BRAF gene has an effective treatment, but the second most common mutation in melanoma (NRAS) leads to tumors that lack targeted therapies. In this study, we show that NRAS mutant human melanoma cells that are most resistant to inhibition of the oncogenic pathway have a second activated pathway (Rho). Inhibiting that pathway at one of several points can produce more effective cell killing than inhibition of the NRAS pathway alone. This raises the possibility that such a combination treatment could prove effective in those melanomas that fail to respond to existing targeted therapies such as vemurafenib and trametinib. Abstract The Ras/MEK/ERK pathway has been the primary focus of targeted therapies in melanoma; it is aberrantly activated in almost 80% of human cutaneous melanomas (≈50% BRAFV600 mutations and ≈30% NRAS mutations). While drugs targeting the MAPK pathway have yielded success in BRAFV600 mutant melanoma patients, such therapies have been ineffective in patients with NRAS mutant melanomas in part due to their cytostatic effects and primary resistance. Here, we demonstrate that increased Rho/MRTF-pathway activation correlates with high intrinsic resistance to the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, in a panel of NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines. A combination of trametinib with the Rho/MRTF-pathway inhibitor, CCG-222740, synergistically reduced cell viability in NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the combination of CCG-222740 with trametinib induced apoptosis and reduced clonogenicity in SK-Mel-147 cells, which are highly resistant to trametinib. These findings suggest a role of the Rho/MRTF-pathway in intrinsic trametinib resistance in a subset of NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines and highlight the therapeutic potential of concurrently targeting the Rho/MRTF-pathway and MEK in NRAS mutant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Appleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.M.A.); (C.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.Z.); (T.S.D.)
| | - Charuta C. Palsuledesai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.M.A.); (C.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.Z.); (T.S.D.)
| | - Sean A. Misek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (S.A.M.); (K.A.G.)
| | - Maja Blake
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.M.A.); (C.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.Z.); (T.S.D.)
| | - Joseph Zagorski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.M.A.); (C.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.Z.); (T.S.D.)
| | - Kathleen A. Gallo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (S.A.M.); (K.A.G.)
| | - Thomas S. Dexheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.M.A.); (C.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.Z.); (T.S.D.)
| | - Richard R. Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.M.A.); (C.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.Z.); (T.S.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-353-7145
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15
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Abdel Rahman F, d'Almeida S, Zhang T, Asadi M, Bozoglu T, Bongiovanni D, von Scheidt M, Dietzel S, Schwedhelm E, Hinkel R, Laugwitz KL, Kupatt C, Ziegler T. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pericyte Loss via Activation of Rho-A and MRTF-A. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:341-350. [PMID: 33011963 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality seen in sepsis is caused by a systemic hypotension in part owing to a drastic increase in vascular permeability accompanied by a loss of pericytes. As has been shown previously, pericyte retention in the perivascular niche during sepsis can enhance the integrity of the vasculature and promote survival via recruitment of adhesion proteins such as VE-cadherin and N-cadherin. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) represents a lipid mediator regulating the deposition of the crucial adhesion molecule VE-cadherin at sites of interendothelial adherens junctions and of N-cadherin at endothelial-pericyte adherens junctions. Furthermore, in septic patients, S1P plasma levels are decreased and correlate with mortality in an indirectly proportional way. In the present study, we investigated the potential of S1P to ameliorate a lipopolysaccharide-induced septic hypercirculation in mice. Here we establish S1P as an antagonist of pericyte loss, vascular hyperpermeability, and systemic hypotension, resulting in an increased survival in mice. During sepsis S1P preserved VE-cadherin and N-cadherin deposition, mediated by a reduction of Src and cadherin phosphorylation. At least in part, this effect is mediated by a reduction of globular actin and a subsequent increase in nuclear translocation of MRTF-A (myocardin-related transcription factor A). These findings indicate that S1P may counteract pericyte loss and microvessel disassembly during sepsis and additionally emphasize the importance of pericyte-endothelial interactions to stabilize the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Abdel Rahman
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha d'Almeida
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tina Zhang
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Morad Asadi
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Bozoglu
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Bongiovanni
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz von Scheidt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Dietzel
- Walter-Brendl-Center for Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman Ziegler
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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16
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Zhao G, Kim EW, Jiang J, Bhoot C, Charles KR, Baek J, Mohan S, Adams JS, Tetradis S, Lyons KM. CCN1/Cyr61 Is Required in Osteoblasts for Responsiveness to the Anabolic Activity of PTH. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2289-2300. [PMID: 32634285 PMCID: PMC9361511 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CCN1/Cyr61 is a dynamically expressed matricellular protein that serves regulatory functions in multiple tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that CCN1 regulates bone maintenance. Using an osteoblast and osteocyte conditional knockout mouse model (Ccn1OCN ), we found a significant decrease in trabecular and cortical bone mass in vivo, in part through suppression of Wnt signaling since the expression of the Wnt antagonist sclerostin (SOST) is increased in osteoblasts lacking CCN1. It has been established that parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling also suppresses SOST expression in bone. We therefore investigated the interaction between CCN1 and PTH-mediated responses in this study. We find that loss of Ccn1 in osteoblasts leads to impaired responsiveness to anabolic intermittent PTH treatment in Ccn1OCN mice in vivo and in osteoblasts from these mice in vitro. Analysis of Ccn1OCN mice demonstrated a significant decrease in parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) expression in osteoblasts in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the regulatory role of a non-canonical integrin-binding domain of CCN1 because several studies indicate that specific integrins are critical to mechanotransduction, a PTH-dependent response, in bone. These data suggest that CCN1 regulates the expression of PTH1R through interaction with the αvβ3 and/or αvβ5 integrin complexes. Osteoblasts that express a mutant form of CCN1 that cannot interact with αvβ3/β5 integrin demonstrate a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of both PTH1R and αv integrin. Overall, these data suggest that the αvβ3/β5-binding domain of CCN1 is required to endow PTH signaling with anabolic activity in bone cells. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gexin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elliot W Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Orthopaedic Institution for Children Foundation, Hemophilia Treatment Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chimay Bhoot
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kemberly R Charles
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jongseung Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John S Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Morrell ED, Grazioli S, Hung C, Kajikawa O, Kosamo S, Stapleton RD, Gharib SA, Amado-Rodríguez L, Albaiceta G, Wurfel MM, Matute-Bello G. Alveolar CCN1 is associated with mechanical stretch and acute respiratory distress syndrome severity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L825-L832. [PMID: 32936024 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00073.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) is a matricellular protein that can modulate multiple tissue responses, including inflammation and repair. We have previously shown that adenoviral overexpression of Ccn1 is sufficient to cause acute lung injury in mice. We hypothesized that CCN1 is present in the airspaces of lungs during the acute phase of lung injury, and higher concentrations are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) severity. We tested this hypothesis by measuring 1) CCN1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenates from mice subjected to ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), 2) Ccn1 gene expression and protein levels in MLE-12 cells (alveolar epithelial cell line) subjected to mechanical stretch, and 3) CCN1 in BALF from mechanically ventilated humans with and without ARDS. BALF CCN1 concentrations and whole lung CCN1 protein levels were significantly increased in mice with VILI (n = 6) versus noninjured controls (n = 6). Ccn1 gene expression and CCN1 protein levels were increased in MLE-12 cells cultured under stretch conditions. Subjects with ARDS (n = 77) had higher BALF CCN1 levels compared with mechanically ventilated subjects without ARDS (n = 45) (P < 0.05). In subjects with ARDS, BALF CCN1 concentrations were associated with higher total protein, sRAGE, and worse [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratios (all P < 0.05). CCN1 is present in the lungs of mice and humans during the acute inflammatory phase of lung injury, and concentrations are higher in patients with increased markers of severity. Alveolar epithelial cells may be an important source of CCN1 under mechanical stretch conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Morrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Serge Grazioli
- Division of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chi Hung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Osamu Kajikawa
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Susanna Kosamo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Albaiceta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mark M Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington
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18
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Fedintsev A, Moskalev A. Stochastic non-enzymatic modification of long-lived macromolecules - A missing hallmark of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101097. [PMID: 32540391 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Damage accumulation in long-living macromolecules (especially extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins, and histones) is a missing hallmark of aging. Stochastic non-enzymatic modifications of ECM trigger cellular senescence as well as many other hallmarks of aging affect organ barriers integrity and drive tissue fibrosis. The importance of it for aging makes it a key target for interventions. The most promising of them can be AGE inhibitors (chelators, O-acetyl group or transglycating activity compounds, amadorins and amadoriases), glucosepane breakers, stimulators of elastogenesis, and RAGE antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fedintsev
- Institute of Biology of FRC of Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of FRC of Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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Kulus M, Kranc W, Jeseta M, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Ciesiółka S, Celichowski P, Moncrieff L, Kocherova I, Józkowiak M, Kulus J, Wieczorkiewicz M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Skowroński MT, Bukowska D, Machatkova M, Hanulakova S, Mozdziak P, Jaśkowski JM, Kempisty B, Antosik P. Cortical Granule Distribution and Expression Pattern of Genes Regulating Cellular Component Size, Morphogenesis, and Potential to Differentiation are Related to Oocyte Developmental Competence and Maturational Capacity In Vivo and In Vitro. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070815. [PMID: 32708880 PMCID: PMC7397037 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyspermia is an adverse phenomenon during mammalian fertilization when more than one sperm fuses with a single oocyte. The egg cell is prepared to prevent polyspermia by, among other ways, producing cortical granules (CGs), which are specialized intracellular structures containing enzymes that aim to harden the zona pellucida and block the fusion of subsequent sperm. This work focused on exploring the expression profile of genes that may be associated with cortical reactions, and evaluated the distribution of CGs in immature oocytes and the peripheral density of CGs in mature oocytes. Oocytes were isolated and then processed for in vitro maturation (IVM). Transcriptomic analysis of genes belonging to five ontological groups has been conducted. Six genes showed increased expression after IVM (ARHGEF2, MAP1B, CXCL12, FN1, DAB2, and SOX9), while the majority of genes decreased expression after IVM. Using CG distribution analysis in immature oocytes, movement towards the cortical zone of the oocyte during meiotic competence acquisition was observed. CGs peripheral density decreased with the rise in meiotic competence during the IVM process. The current results reveal important new insights into the in vitro maturation of oocytes. Our results may serve as a basis for further studies to investigate the cortical reaction of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (P.A.)
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (W.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Sylwia Ciesiółka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Lisa Moncrieff
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (W.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Józkowiak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Jakub Kulus
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Mariusz T. Skowroński
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Marie Machatkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Sarka Hanulakova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (P.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (W.K.); (I.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-6418
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (P.A.)
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20
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Eyeing the Extracellular Matrix in Vascular Development and Microvascular Diseases and Bridging the Divide between Vascular Mechanics and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103487. [PMID: 32429045 PMCID: PMC7278940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical in all aspects of vascular development and health: supporting cell anchorage, providing structure, organization and mechanical stability, and serving as a sink for growth factors and sustained survival signals. Abnormal changes in ECM protein expression, organization, and/or properties, and the ensuing changes in vascular compliance affect vasodilator responses, microvascular pressure transmission, and collateral perfusion. The changes in microvascular compliance are independent factors initiating, driving, and/or exacerbating a plethora of microvascular diseases of the eye including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and neovascular glaucoma. Congruently, one of the major challenges with most vascular regenerative therapies utilizing localized growth factor, endothelial progenitor, or genetically engineered cell delivery, is the regeneration of blood vessels with physiological compliance properties. Interestingly, vascular cells sense physical forces, including the stiffness of their ECM, through mechanosensitive integrins, their associated proteins and the actomyosin cytoskeleton, which generates biochemical signals that culminate in a rapid expression of matricellular proteins such as cellular communication network 1 (CCN1) and CCN2 (aka connective tissue growth factor or CTGF). Loss or gain of function of these proteins alters genetic programs of cell growth, ECM biosynthesis, and intercellular signaling, that culminate in changes in cell behavior, polarization, and barrier function. In particular, the function of the matricellular protein CCN2/CTGF is critical during retinal vessel development and regeneration wherein new blood vessels form and invest a preformed avascular neural retina following putative gradients of matrix stiffness. These observations underscore the need for further in-depth characterization of the ECM-derived cues that dictate structural and functional properties of the microvasculature, along with the development of new therapeutic strategies addressing the ECM-dependent regulation of pathophysiological stiffening of blood vessels in ischemic retinopathies.
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21
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Atherosclerosis and the Capillary Network; Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010050. [PMID: 31878229 PMCID: PMC7016600 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and associated ischemic organ dysfunction represent the number one cause of mortality worldwide. While the key drivers of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus, are well known disease entities and their contribution to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques are intensively studied and well understood, less effort is put on the effect of these disease states on microvascular structure an integrity. In this review we summarize the pathological changes occurring in the vascular system in response to prolonged exposure to these major risk factors, with a particular focus on the differences between these pathological alterations of the vessel wall in larger arteries as compared to the microcirculation. Furthermore, we intend to highlight potential therapeutic strategies to improve microvascular function during atherosclerotic vessel disease.
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22
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Yu L, Yang G, Zhang X, Wang P, Weng X, Yang Y, Li Z, Fang M, Xu Y, Sun A, Ge J. Megakaryocytic Leukemia 1 Bridges Epigenetic Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Macrophages to Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Circulation 2019; 138:2820-2836. [PMID: 30018168 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.035377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalyzed by the NADPH oxidases (NOX), is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The underlying epigenetic mechanism remains elusive. METHODS We evaluated the potential role of megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1), as a bridge linking epigenetic activation of NOX to ROS production and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS Following IR injury, MKL1-deficient (knockout) mice exhibited smaller myocardial infarction along with improved heart function compared with wild-type littermates. Similarly, pharmaceutical inhibition of MKL1 with CCG-1423 also attenuated myocardial infarction and improved heart function in mice. Amelioration of IR injury as a result of MKL1 deletion or inhibition was accompanied by reduced ROS in vivo and in vitro. In response to IR, MKL1 levels were specifically elevated in macrophages, but not in cardiomyocytes, in the heart. Of note, macrophage-specific deletion (MϕcKO), instead of cardiomyocyte-restricted ablation (CMcKO), of MKL1 in mice led to similar improvements of infarct size, heart function, and myocardial ROS generation. Reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that MKL1 directly bound to the promoters of NOX genes to activate NOX transcription. Mechanistically, MKL1 recruited the histone acetyltransferase MOF (male absent on the first) to modify the chromatin structure surrounding the NOX promoters. Knockdown of MOF in macrophages blocked hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced NOX transactivation and ROS accumulation. Of importance, pharmaceutical inhibition of MOF with MG149 significantly downregulated NOX1/NOX4 expression, dampened ROS production, and normalized myocardial function in mice exposed to IR injury. Finally, administration of a specific NOX1/4 inhibitor GKT137831 dampened ROS generation and rescued heart function after IR in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data delineate an MKL1-MOF-NOX axis in macrophages that contributes to IR injury, and as such we have provided novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (L.Y., G.Y., X.Z., Z.L., M.F., Y.X.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (L.Y., G.Y., X.Z., Z.L., M.F., Y.X.)
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (L.Y., G.Y., X.Z., Z.L., M.F., Y.X.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (L.Y., G.Y., X.Z., Z.L., M.F., Y.X.).,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China (Z.L., Y.X.)
| | - Mingming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (L.Y., G.Y., X.Z., Z.L., M.F., Y.X.)
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (L.Y., G.Y., X.Z., Z.L., M.F., Y.X.).,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China (Z.L., Y.X.)
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences (P.W., X.W., A.S., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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CCN1-Yes-Associated Protein Feedback Loop Regulates Physiological and Pathological Angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00107-19. [PMID: 31262999 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00107-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) is a dynamically expressed, matricellular protein required for vascular development and tissue repair. The CCN1 gene is a presumed target of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator that regulates cell growth and organ size. Herein, we demonstrate that the CCN1 promoter is indeed a direct genomic target of YAP in endothelial cells (ECs) of new blood vessel sprouts and that YAP deficiency in mice downregulates CCN1 and alters cytoskeletal and mitogenic gene expression. Interestingly, CCN1 overexpression in cultured ECs inactivates YAP in a negative feedback and causes its nuclear exclusion. Accordingly, EC-specific deletion of the CCN1 gene in mice mimics a YAP gain-of-function phenotype, characterized by EC hyperproliferation and blood vessel enlargement. CCN1 brings about its effect by providing cells with a soft compliant matrix that creates YAP-repressive cytoskeletal states. Concordantly, pharmacological inhibition of cell stiffness recapitulates the CCN1 deletion vascular phenotype. Furthermore, adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of CCN1 reversed the pathology of YAP hyperactivation and the subsequent aberrant growth of blood vessels in mice with ischemic retinopathy. Our studies unravel a new paradigm of functional interaction between CCN1 and YAP and underscore the significance of their interplay in the pathogenesis of neovascular diseases.
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24
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Kong M, Hong W, Shao Y, Lv F, Fan Z, Li P, Xu Y, Guo J. Ablation of serum response factor in hepatic stellate cells attenuates liver fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1521-1533. [PMID: 31435710 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trans-differentiation, or activation, of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a hallmark event in liver fibrosis although the underlying mechanism is not fully appreciated. Serum response factor (SRF) is a pleiotropic sequence-specific transcription factor with a ubiquitous expression pattern. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HSC-specific ablation of SRF on liver fibrosis in vivo and the underlying mechanism. We report that SRF bound to the promoter regions of pro-fibrogenic genes, including collagen type I (Col1a1/Col1a2) and alpha smooth muscle actin (Acta2), with greater affinity in activated HSCs compared to quiescent HSCs. Ablation of SRF in HSCs in vitro downregulated the expression of fibrogenic genes by dampening the accumulation of active histone marks. SRF also interacted with MRTF-A, a well-documented co-factor involved in liver fibrosis, on the pro-fibrogenic gene promoters during HSC activation. In addition, SRF directly regulated MRTF-A transcription in activated HSCs. More importantly, HSC conditional SRF knockout (CKO) mice developed a less robust pro-fibrogenic response in the liver in response to CCl4 injection and BDL compared to wild-type littermates. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SRF may play an essential role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. KEY MESSAGES: • SRF deficiency decelerates activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. • SRF epigenetically activates pro-fibrogenic transcription to promote HSC maturation. • SRF interacts with MRTF-A and contributes to MRTF-A transcription. • Conditional SRF deletion in HSCs attenuates BDL-induced liver fibrosis in mice. • Conditional SRF ablation in HSCs attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Junli Guo
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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25
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A non-autonomous role of MKL1 in the activation of hepatic stellate cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:609-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Wang W, Hind T, Lam BWS, Herr DR. Sphingosine 1–phosphate signaling induces SNAI2 expression to promote cell invasion in breast cancer cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:7180-7191. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801635r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Tatsuma Hind
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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27
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Ziegler T, Ishikawa K, Hinkel R, Kupatt C. Translational Aspects of Adeno-Associated Virus–Mediated Cardiac Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1341-1351. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ziegler
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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28
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Hippo Signaling Plays an Essential Role in Cell State Transitions during Cardiac Fibroblast Development. Dev Cell 2018; 45:153-169.e6. [PMID: 29689192 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During development, progenitors progress through transition states. The cardiac epicardium contains progenitors of essential non-cardiomyocytes. The Hippo pathway, a kinase cascade that inhibits the Yap transcriptional co-factor, controls organ size in developing hearts. Here, we investigated Hippo kinases Lats1 and Lats2 in epicardial diversification. Epicardial-specific deletion of Lats1/2 was embryonic lethal, and mutant embryos had defective coronary vasculature remodeling. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Lats1/2 mutant cells failed to activate fibroblast differentiation but remained in an intermediate cell state with both epicardial and fibroblast characteristics. Lats1/2 mutant cells displayed an arrested developmental trajectory with persistence of epicardial markers and expanded expression of Yap targets Dhrs3, an inhibitor of retinoic acid synthesis, and Dpp4, a protease that modulates extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation revealed that Yap inhibits fibroblast differentiation, prolonging a subepicardial-like cell state, and promotes expression of matricellular factors, such as Dpp4, that define ECM characteristics.
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29
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Kole K, Scheenen W, Tiesinga P, Celikel T. Cellular diversity of the somatosensory cortical map plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:100-115. [PMID: 29183683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sensory maps are representations of the sensory epithelia in the brain. Despite the intuitive explanatory power behind sensory maps as being neuronal precursors to sensory perception, and sensory cortical plasticity as a neural correlate of perceptual learning, molecular mechanisms that regulate map plasticity are not well understood. Here we perform a meta-analysis of transcriptional and translational changes during altered whisker use to nominate the major molecular correlates of experience-dependent map plasticity in the barrel cortex. We argue that brain plasticity is a systems level response, involving all cell classes, from neuron and glia to non-neuronal cells including endothelia. Using molecular pathway analysis, we further propose a gene regulatory network that could couple activity dependent changes in neurons to adaptive changes in neurovasculature, and finally we show that transcriptional regulations observed in major brain disorders target genes that are modulated by altered sensory experience. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity of sensory maps might help to unravel the cellular events that shape brain plasticity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kole
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Scheenen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tiesinga
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Ziegler T, Kraus M, Husada W, Gesenhues F, Jiang Q, Pinkenburg O, Trenkwalder T, Laugwitz KL, le Noble F, Weber C, Kupatt C, Hinkel R. Steerable Induction of the Thymosin β4/MRTF-A Pathway via AAV-Based Overexpression Induces Therapeutic Neovascularization. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 29:1407-1415. [PMID: 28726522 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors have been frequently used in a variety of preclinical animal models to deliver genetic constructs into tissues. Among the vectors used, adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) may be targeted to specific tissues, depending on the serotype used. Moreover, they show robust expression for prolonged periods of time and have a low immunogenic potential. Furthermore, AAVs, unlike other vector systems, only display a low rate of genomic integration. However, to ensure efficient transgene production, expression is typically driven by constitutively active promoters, such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Tetracyclin responsive promoters represent a promising alternative to unregulated promoters. The present study compares AAVs encoding either constitutively active CMV or tet-off promoter regions in the preclinical models of hindlimb and chronic myocardial ischemia. Therapeutically, mediators regulating vessel maturation, specifically thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) and the downstream signaling molecule myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) as well as the endothelial activator angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) were overexpressed via AAVs using both promotors. In the model of rabbit hindlimb ischemia, temporary (tet-off) expression of Tβ4 improved capillary density, collateralization, and perfusion in the ischemic hindlimb, with no detectable difference to constitutive Tβ4 overexpression. Similarly, constitutive overexpression of MRTF-A alone was able to improve capillarization, collateralization and perfusion. Temporary expression of Ang2 for 7 days further increased capillary density and pericyte coverage compared with MRTF-A alone, without further improving collateralization or perfusion. In the pig model of chronic myocardial ischemia constitutive expression of Tβ4 for 4 weeks induced capillary and collateral growth similarly to a pulsed expression (2 day expression per week for 3 weeks). Taken together these findings demonstrate for two models of preclinical interventions that temporary gene expression may lead to similar results as constitutive expression, highlighting the potential of controlled temporary gene expression for induction of vascular growth as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ziegler
- 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- 2 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kraus
- 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wira Husada
- 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Gesenhues
- 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Qui Jiang
- 3 Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Olaf Pinkenburg
- 4 Institut für Immunologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Trenkwalder
- 5 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- 2 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weber
- 2 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- 7 Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- 2 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- 2 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- 7 Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany
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31
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Gasparics Á, Sebe A. MRTFs- master regulators of EMT. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:396-404. [PMID: 28681541 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence implicates the myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) as key mediators of the phenotypic plasticity leading to the conversion of various cell types into myofibroblasts. This review highlights the function of MRTFs during development, fibrosis and cancer, and the role of MRTFs during epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) underlying these processes. EMT is a sequentially orchestrated process where cells undergo a rearrangement of their cell contacts and activate a fibrogenic and myogenic expression program. MRTFs interact with and regulate the major signaling pathways and the expression of key markers and transcription factors involved in EMT. These functions indicate a central role for MRTFs in controlling the process of EMT. Developmental Dynamics 247:396-404, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Gasparics
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Sebe
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary.,Paul Ehrlich Institute, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
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Intrahepatic upregulation of MRTF-A signaling contributes to increased hepatic vascular resistance in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:303-310. [PMID: 28043789 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension in cirrhosis is mediated, in part, by increased intrahepatic resistance, reflecting massive structural changes associated with fibrosis and intrahepatic vasoconstriction. Activation of the Rho/MRTF/SRF signaling pathway is essential for the cellular regulatory network of fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate MRTF-A-mediated regulation of intrahepatic fibrogenesis in cirrhotic rats. METHODS Portal hypertension was induced in rats via an injection of CCl4 oil. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained using a polyethylene PE-50 catheter and pressure transducers. Expression of hepatic fibrogenesis was measured using histological staining. Expression of protein was measured using western blotting. RESULTS Upregulation of MRTF-A protein expression in the livers of rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis was relevant to intrahepatic resistance and hepatic fibrogenesis in portal hypertensive rats with increased modeling time. Inhibition of MRTF-A by CCG-1423 decelerated hepatic fibrosis, decreased intrahepatic resistance and portal pressure, and alleviated portal hypertension. CONCLUSION Increased intrahepatic resistance in rats with CCl4-induced portal hypertension is associated with an upregulation of MRTF-A signaling. Inhibition of this pathway in the liver can decrease hepatic fibrosis and intrahepatic resistance, as well as reduce portal pressure in cirrhotic rats with CCl4-induced portal hypertension.
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33
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Lee S, Elaskandrany M, Lau LF, Lazzaro D, Grant MB, Chaqour B. Interplay between CCN1 and Wnt5a in endothelial cells and pericytes determines the angiogenic outcome in a model of ischemic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1405. [PMID: 28469167 PMCID: PMC5431199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CYR61-CTGF-NOV (CCN)1 is a dynamically expressed extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with critical functions in cardiovascular development and tissue repair. Angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs) are a major cellular source of CCN1 which, once secreted, associates with the ECM and the cell surface and tightly controls the bidirectional flow of information between cells and the surrounding matrix. Endothelium-specific CCN1 deletion in mice using a cre/lox strategy induces EC hyperplasia and causes blood vessels to coalesce into large flat hyperplastic sinuses with no distinctive hierarchical organization. This is consistent with the role of CCN1 as a negative feedback regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor activation. In the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), pericytes become the predominant CCN1 producing cells. Pericyte-specific deletion of CCN1 significantly decreases pathological retinal neovascularization following OIR. CCN1 induces the expression of the non-canonical Wnt5a in pericyte but not in EC cultures. In turn, exogenous Wnt5a inhibits CCN1 gene expression, induces EC proliferation and increases hypersprouting. Concordantly, treatment of mice with TNP470, a non-canonical Wnt5a inhibitor, reestablishes endothelial expression of CCN1 and significantly decreases pathological neovascular growth in OIR. Our data highlight the significance of CCN1-EC and CCN1-pericyte communication signals in driving physiological and pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Menna Elaskandrany
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Lester F Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Douglas Lazzaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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Seefried L, Müller-Deubert S, Krug M, Youssef A, Schütze N, Ignatius A, Jakob F, Ebert R. Dissection of mechanoresponse elements in promoter sites of the mechanoresponsive CYR61 gene. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:103-111. [PMID: 28322825 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is important for mesenchymal regeneration and differentiation. Exaggerated high or very low impact yields pathological outcome resulting in fracture or tissue atrophy. Pathological strain in animal models was described but tools to dissect the respective stimuli and downstream pathways are limited. We expand the analytical tools to describe DNA strain response elements in a reporter gene approach. Deletion constructs of the human cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61) promoter were cloned into luciferase vectors and stably transfected into human telomerase-immortalised mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC-TERT). Cells were mechanically stimulated with variable frequencies, amplitudes and durations. Promoter activity was determined as well as CYR61 mRNA and protein expression. In silico promoter analysis identified putative transcription factor binding sites, one of which was a cAMP response element, verified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We demonstrate for the first time that the activity of promoter regions is inhibited in low, but stimulated in high frequency stimulations. We conclude that by varying conditions of mechanical strain it is possible to characterize stimulatory versus inhibitory strain on cellular levels. Our work may be helpful in future studies to dissect the molecular pathways of physiological versus pathological strain and may have implications for clinical exercise based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Seefried
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Müller-Deubert
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krug
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almoatazbellah Youssef
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Schütze
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany.
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35
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MKL1 defines the H3K4Me3 landscape for NF-κB dependent inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:191. [PMID: 28298643 PMCID: PMC5428227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-dependent inflammatory response is considered a pivotal biological process that contributes to a host of diseases when aberrantly activated. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not completely understood. We report here that MKL1 was both sufficient and necessary for p65-dependent pro-inflammatory transcriptional program in immortalized macrophages, in primary human and mouse macrophages, and in an animal model of systemic inflammation (endotoxic shock). Extensive chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) profiling and ChIP-seq analyses revealed that MKL1 deficiency erased key histone modifications synonymous with transactivation on p65 target promoters. Specifically, MKL1 defined histone H3K4 trimethylation landscape for NF-κB dependent transcription. MKL1 recruited an H3K4 trimethyltransferase SET1 to the promoter regions of p65 target genes. There, our work has identified a novel modifier of p65-dependent pro-inflammatory transcription, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets in treating inflammation related diseases.
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36
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Song M, Fang F, Dai X, Yu L, Fang M, Xu Y. MKL1 is an epigenetic mediator of TNF-α-induced proinflammatory transcription in macrophages by interacting with ASH2. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:934-945. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi Song
- Department of Physiology; Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Fei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu China
| | - Xin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Department of Nursing; Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu China
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37
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Thymosin β4 Improves Differentiation and Vascularization of EHTs. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6848271. [PMID: 28191018 PMCID: PMC5278226 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6848271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) constitute a powerful tool to study cardiac physiology and represents a promising treatment strategy to tackle cardiac disease. However, iPSCs remain relatively immature after differentiation. Additionally, engineered heart tissue (EHT) has been investigated as a therapy option in preclinical disease models with promising results, although their vascularization and functionality leave room for improvement. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has been shown to promote the differentiation of progenitor cell lines to cardiomyocytes while it also induces angiogenic sprouting and vascular maturation. We examined the potential impact of Tβ4 to enhance maturation of cardiomyocytes from iPSCs. Assessing the expression of transcription factors associated with cardiac differentiation, we were able to demonstrate the increased generation of cells displaying cardiomyocyte characteristics in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated, in a zebrafish model of embryonic vascular development, that Tβ4 is crucial for the proper execution of lymphatic and angiogenic vessel sprouting. Finally, utilizing Tβ4-transduced EHTs generated from mice genetically engineered to label endothelial cells in vitro, we show that treatment with Tβ4 promotes vascularization and contractility in EHTs, highlighting Tβ4 as a growth factor improving the formation of cardiomyocytes from iPSC and enhancing the performance of EHTs generated from neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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38
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Dou Q, Hao F, Sun L, Xu X, Cui MZ. CRE and SRE mediate LPA-induced CCN1 transcription in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:275-280. [PMID: 28157379 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), one component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), is a potent bioactive phospholipid. Our recent data reveal that LPA induces matricellular protein CCN1 (also known as Cyr61) expression in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and that CCN1 bridges LPA and integrin signaling pathways leading to SMC migration. Whether and how LPA regulates the transcriptional machinery of the CCN1 gene are unknown. In this study, we found that LPA markedly induces CCN1 mRNA expression in SMCs. Using deleting mutation and reporter gene strategies, we demonstrated regions from -2038 to -1787 and from -101 to +63 of the CCN1 promoter contain the essential regulatory elements. The serum response element (SRE) and cyclic AMP-response element (CRE) are located in these regions. LPA induced time-dependent phosphorylation of serum response factor (SRF) and CRE-binding protein (CREB) in mouse SMCs. Luciferase assays of a series of deleted, mutated CCN1 promoter-reporter gene constructs and dominant negative construct revealed the distal SRE and the proximal CRE in the CCN1 promoter are required for LPA-induced CCN1 gene expression. Our results imply that elevated LPA levels may trigger SMC migration and exacerbate restenosis and atherosclerotic lesions through the induced CCN1, which communicates with a set of plasma membrane proteins and intracellular kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlin Dou
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,b State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China 810016
| | - Feng Hao
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Longsheng Sun
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,c College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China 225009
| | - Xuemin Xu
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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39
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Castaldi A, Chesini GP, Taylor AE, Sussman MA, Brown JH, Purcell NH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate elicits RhoA-dependent proliferation and MRTF-A mediated gene induction in CPCs. Cell Signal 2016; 28:871-9. [PMID: 27094722 PMCID: PMC5004781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although c-kit(+) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are currently used in clinical trials there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their proliferation and differentiation. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in regulating these processes in mammalian cell types thus we assessed GPCR mRNA expression in c-kit(+) cells isolated from adult mouse hearts. Our data provide the first comprehensive overview of the distribution of this fundamental class of cardiac receptors in CPCs and reveal notable distinctions from that of adult cardiomyocytes. We focused on GPCRs that couple to RhoA activation in particular those for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). The S1P2 and S1P3 receptors are the most abundant S1P receptor subtypes in mouse and human CPCs while cardiomyocytes express predominantly S1P1 receptors. Treatment of CPCs with S1P, as with thrombin and serum, increased proliferation through a pathway requiring RhoA signaling, as evidenced by significant attenuation when Rho was inhibited by treatment with C3 toxin. Further analysis demonstrated that both S1P- and serum-induced proliferation are regulated through the S1P2 and S1P3 receptor subtypes which couple to Gα12/13 to elicit RhoA activation. The transcriptional co-activator MRTF-A was activated by S1P as assessed by its nuclear accumulation and induction of a RhoA/MRTF-A luciferase reporter. In addition S1P treatment increased expression of cardiac lineage markers Mef2C and GATA4 and the smooth muscle marker GATA6 through activation of MRTF-A. In conclusion, we delineate an S1P-regulated signaling pathway in CPCs that introduces the possibility of targeting S1P2/3 receptors, Gα12/13 or RhoA to influence the proliferation and commitment of c-kit(+) CPCs and improve the response of the myocardium following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Castaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Gino P Chesini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Amy E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.
| | - Nicole H Purcell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
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40
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Zhang Y, Pan HY, Hu XM, Cao XL, Wang J, Min ZL, Xu SQ, Xiao W, Yuan Q, Li N, Cheng J, Zhao SQ, Hong X. The role of myocardin-related transcription factor-A in Aβ25-35 induced neuron apoptosis and synapse injury. Brain Res 2016; 1648:27-34. [PMID: 27387387 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) highly expressed in brain has been demonstrated to promote neuronal survival via regulating the transcription of related target genes as a powerful co-activator of serum response factor (SRF). However, the role of MRTF-A in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unclear. Here, we showed that MRTF-A was significantly downregulated in cortex of the Aβ25-35-induced AD rats, which played a key role in Aβ25-35 induced cerebral neuronal degeneration in vitro. Bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 caused significantly MRTF-A expression decline in cortex of rats, along with significant neuron apoptosis and plasticity damage. In vitro, transfection of MRTF-A into primary cultured cortical neurons prevented Aβ25-35 induced neuronal apoptosis and synapses injury. And luciferase reporter assay determined that MRTF-A could bind to and enhance the transactivity of the Mcl-1 (Myeloid cell leukemia-1) and Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein) promoters by activating the key CArG box element. These data demonstrated that the decreasing of endogenous MRTF-A expression might contribute to the development of AD, whereas the upregulation MRTF-A in neurons could effectively reduce Aβ25-35 induced synapse injury and cell apoptosis. And the underlying mechanism might be partially due to MRTF-A-mediated the transcription and expression of Mcl-1 and Arc by triggering the CArG box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Pan
- Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Xia-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Zhen-Li Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Shi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Wan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Shu-Qi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Xing Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
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41
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Tian W, Fan Z, Li J, Hao C, Li M, Xu H, Wu X, Zhou B, Zhang L, Fang M, Xu Y. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) plays an essential role in hepatic stellate cell activation by epigenetically modulating TGF-β signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 71:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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42
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Rozycki M, Bialik JF, Speight P, Dan Q, Knudsen TET, Szeto SG, Yuen DA, Szászi K, Pedersen SF, Kapus A. Myocardin-related Transcription Factor Regulates Nox4 Protein Expression: LINKING CYTOSKELETAL ORGANIZATION TO REDOX STATE. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:227-43. [PMID: 26555261 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.674606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ-induced expression of the NADPH oxidase Nox4 is essential for fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Rho has been implicated in Nox4 regulation, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), a Rho/actin polymerization-controlled coactivator of serum response factor, drives myofibroblast transition from various precursors. We have shown that TGFβ is necessary but insufficient for epithelial-myofibroblast transition in intact epithelia; the other prerequisite is the uncoupling of intercellular contacts, which induces Rho-dependent nuclear translocation of MRTF. Because the Nox4 promoter harbors a serum response factor/MRTF cis-element (CC(A/T)6GG box), we asked if MRTF (and thus cytoskeleton organization) could regulate Nox4 expression. We show that Nox4 protein is robustly induced in kidney tubular cells exclusively by combined application of contact uncoupling and TGFβ. Nox4 knockdown abrogates epithelial-myofibroblast transition-associated reactive oxygen species production. Laser capture microdissection reveals increased Nox4 expression in the tubular epithelium also during obstructive nephropathy. MRTF down-regulation/inhibition suppresses TGFβ/contact disruption-provoked Nox4 protein and mRNA expression, Nox4 promoter activation, and reactive oxygen species production. Mutation of the CC(A/T)6GG box eliminates the synergistic activation of the Nox4 promoter. Jasplakinolide-induced actin polymerization synergizes with TGFβ to facilitate MRTF-dependent Nox4 mRNA expression/promoter activation. Moreover, MRTF inhibition prevents Nox4 expression during TGFβ-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition as well. Although necessary, MRTF is insufficient; Nox4 expression also requires TGFβ-activated Smad3 and TAZ/YAP, two contact- and cytoskeleton-regulated Smad3-interacting coactivators. Down-regulation/inhibition of TAZ/YAP mitigates injury-induced epithelial Nox4 expression in vitro and in vivo. These findings uncover new MRTF- and TAZ/YAP-dependent mechanisms, which link cytoskeleton remodeling and redox state and impact epithelial plasticity and myofibroblast transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rozycki
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Janne Folke Bialik
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, the Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Pam Speight
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Qinghong Dan
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Teresa E T Knudsen
- the Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Stephen G Szeto
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Darren A Yuen
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Katalin Szászi
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- the Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - András Kapus
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada and
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Kircher P, Hermanns C, Nossek M, Drexler MK, Grosse R, Fischer M, Sarikas A, Penkava J, Lewis T, Prywes R, Gudermann T, Muehlich S. Filamin A interacts with the coactivator MKL1 to promote the activity of the transcription factor SRF and cell migration. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra112. [PMID: 26554816 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) that promotes the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, motility, adhesion, and differentiation-processes that also involve dynamic cytoskeletal changes in the cell. MKL1 is inactive when bound to monomeric globular actin (G-actin), but signals that activate the small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA cause actin polymerization and MKL1 dissociation from G-actin. We found a new mechanism of MKL1 activation that is mediated through its binding to filamin A (FLNA), a protein that binds filamentous actin (F-actin). The interaction of FLNA and MKL1 was required for the expression of MKL1 target genes in primary fibroblasts, melanoma, mammary and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We identified the regions of interaction between MKL1 and FLNA, and cells expressing an MKL1 mutant that was unable to bind FLNA exhibited impaired cell migration and reduced expression of MKL1-SRF target genes. Induction and repression of MKL1-SRF target genes correlated with increased or decreased MKL1-FLNA interaction, respectively. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced RhoA activation in primary human fibroblasts promoted the association of endogenous MKL1 with FLNA, whereas exposure to an actin polymerization inhibitor dissociated MKL1 from FLNA and decreased MKL1-SRF target gene expression in melanoma cells. Thus, FLNA functions as a positive cellular transducer linking actin polymerization to MKL1-SRF activity, counteracting the known repressive complex of MKL1 and monomeric G-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kircher
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Constanze Hermanns
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nossek
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Maria Katharina Drexler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Josef Penkava
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Thera Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ron Prywes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany. Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich 81377, Germany. German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Susanne Muehlich
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany.
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Di Y, Zhang Y, Nie Q, Chen X. CCN1/Cyr61-PI3K/AKT signaling promotes retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1507-18. [PMID: 26459773 PMCID: PMC4678165 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a characteristic pathological finding of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Cysteine-rich 61 [Cyr61, also known as CCN family member 1 (CCN1)] has been reported to mediate angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of CCN1/Cyr61-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in ROP. The contribution of CCN1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions was determined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively, as well as using siRNA targeting CCN1 (CCN1 siRNA). The cells exposed to hypoxia were also treated with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002. In addition, mouse pups with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) were administered an intravitreal injection of CCN1 siRNA. RNV was assessed by magnesium-activated adenosine diphosphatease (ADPase) staining. RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the distribution and expression of CCN1, PI3K and AKT. Exposure to hypoxia increased the neovascularization clock hour scores (from 1.23±0.49 to 5.60±0.73, P<0.05) and the number of preretinal neovascular cells, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (all P<0.05). The injection of CCN1 siRNA decreased the neovascularization clock hour scores and the number of preretinal neovascular cells (1.53±0.72 vs. 4.76±1.04; 12.0±2.8 vs. 31.4±2.6, respectively, both P<0.05), as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (protein, −45.3, −22.5 and −28.4%; mRNA, −43.7, −58.7 and −42.9%, respectively, all P<0.05) compared to the administration of scrambled siRNA under hypoxic conditions. Treatment with LY294002 decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1 in the cells exposed to hypoxia (both P<0.05). The administration of CCN1 siRNA resulted in less severe neovascularization in the eyes of the the mouse pups with OIR. Thus, out data suggest that CCN1 plays an important role in RNV in ROP, and may thus be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhu Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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45
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Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor A and Yes-Associated Protein Exert Dual Control in G Protein-Coupled Receptor- and RhoA-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation and Cell Proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:39-49. [PMID: 26459764 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00772-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a subset of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate RhoA endows them with unique growth-regulatory properties. Two transcriptional pathways are activated through GPCRs and RhoA, one utilizing the transcriptional coactivator myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and serum response factor (SRF) and the other using the transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TEA domain family members (TEAD). These pathways have not been compared for their relative levels of importance and potential interactions in RhoA target gene expression. GPCRs for thrombin and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on human glioblastoma cells robustly couple to RhoA and induce the matricelluar protein CCN1. Knockdown of either MRTF-A or YAP abrogates S1P-stimulated CCN1 expression, demonstrating that both coactivators are required. MRTF-A and YAP are also both required for transcriptional control of other S1P-regulated genes in various cell types and for S1P-stimulated glioblastoma cell proliferation. Interactions between MRTF-A and YAP are suggested by their synergistic effects on SRE.L- and TEAD-luciferase expression. Moreover, MRTF-A and YAP associate in coimmunoprecipitations from S1P-stimulated cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of the CCN1 gene promoter demonstrated that S1P increases coactivator binding at the canonical transcription factor sequences. Unexpectedly, S1P also enhances MRTF-A binding at TEA sites. Our findings reveal that GPCR- and RhoA-regulated gene expression requires dual input and integration of two distinct transcriptional pathways.
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46
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Krupska I, Bruford EA, Chaqour B. Eyeing the Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) group of genes in development and diseases: highlights of their structural likenesses and functional dissimilarities. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:24. [PMID: 26395334 PMCID: PMC4579636 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
“CCN” is an acronym referring to the first letter of each of the first three members of this original group of mammalian functionally and phylogenetically distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [i.e., cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and nephroblastoma-overexpressed (NOV)]. Although “CCN” genes are unlikely to have arisen from a common ancestral gene, their encoded proteins share multimodular structures in which most cysteine residues are strictly conserved in their positions within several structural motifs. The CCN genes can be subdivided into members developmentally indispensable for embryonic viability (e.g., CCN1, 2 and 5), each assuming unique tissue-specific functions, and members not essential for embryonic development (e.g., CCN3, 4 and 6), probably due to a balance of functional redundancy and specialization during evolution. The temporo-spatial regulation of the CCN genes and the structural information contained within the sequences of their encoded proteins reflect diversity in their context and tissue-specific functions. Genetic association studies and experimental anomalies, replicated in various animal models, have shown that altered CCN gene structure or expression is associated with “injury” stimuli—whether mechanical (e.g., trauma, shear stress) or chemical (e.g., ischemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation). Consequently, increased organ-specific susceptibility to structural damages ensues. These data underscore the critical functions of CCN proteins in the dynamics of tissue repair and regeneration and in the compensatory responses preceding organ failure. A better understanding of the regulation and mode of action of each CCN member will be useful in developing specific gain- or loss-of-function strategies for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Krupska
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,State University of New York (SUNY) Eye Institute Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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47
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Asparuhova MB, Secondini C, Rüegg C, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Mechanism of irradiation-induced mammary cancer metastasis: A role for SAP-dependent Mkl1 signaling. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1510-27. [PMID: 25999144 PMCID: PMC5528797 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a standard treatment after conservative breast cancer surgery. However, cancers relapsing within a previously irradiated area have an increased probability to metastasize. The mechanisms responsible for this aggressiveness remain unclear. Here, we used the clinically relevant 4T1 breast cancer model mimicking aggressive local relapse after radiotherapy to identify differences between tumors grown in untreated versus preirradiated mammary glands. Tumors grown within preirradiated beds were highly enriched in transcripts encoding collagens and other proteins building or modifying the extracellular matrix, such as laminin‐332, tenascins, lysyl oxidases and matrix metalloproteinases. Type I collagen, known to directly contribute to tissue stiffening, and the pro‐metastatic megakaryoblastic leukemia‐1 (Mkl1) target gene tenascin‐C were further investigated. Mammary tissue preirradiation induced Mkl1 nuclear translocation in the tumor cells in vivo, indicating activation of Mkl1 signaling. Transcript profiling of cultured 4T1 cells revealed that the majority of the Mkl1 target genes, including tenascin‐C, required serum response factor (SRF) for their expression. However, application of dynamic strain or matrix stiffness to 4T1 cells converted the predominant SRF/Mkl1 action into SAP domain‐dependent Mkl1 signaling independent of SRF, accompanied by a switch to SAP‐dependent tumor cell migration. 4T1 tumors overexpressing intact Mkl1 became more metastatic within preirradiated beds, while tumors expressing Mkl1 lacking the SAP domain exhibited impaired growth and metastatic spread, and decreased Mkl1 target gene expression. Thus, we identified SAP‐dependent Mkl1 signaling as a previously unrecognized mediator of aggressive progression of mammary tumors locally relapsing after radiotherapy, and provide a novel signaling pathway for therapeutic intervention. Stroma irradiation results in tumors with increased extracellular matrix deposition. Irradiation induces Mkl1 nuclear translocation, tumor growth and lung metastases. Matrix stiffness and cyclic mechanical strain trigger SAP‐dependent Mkl1 signaling. Strain and irradiation induce SAP‐dependent cell migration and tumor progression. Radiation‐induced SAP‐dependent Mkl1 action: a new target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Asparuhova
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Affiliated with the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research and the University of Basel, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Chiara Secondini
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Affiliated with the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research and the University of Basel, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Faculty of Science, Basel, Switzerland.
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48
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Yu OM, Brown JH. G Protein-Coupled Receptor and RhoA-Stimulated Transcriptional Responses: Links to Inflammation, Differentiation, and Cell Proliferation. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:171-80. [PMID: 25904553 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.097857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The low molecular weight G protein RhoA (rat sarcoma virus homolog family member A) serves as a node for transducing signals through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Activation of RhoA occurs through coupling of G proteins, most prominently, G12/13, to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. The GPCR ligands that are most efficacious for RhoA activation include thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thromboxane A2. These ligands also stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation in a variety of cell and tissues types. The molecular events underlying these responses are the activation of transcription factors, transcriptional coactivators, and downstream gene programs. This review describes the pathways leading from GPCRs and RhoA to the regulation of activator protein-1, NFκB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), myocardin-related transcription factor A, and Yes-associated protein. We also focus on the importance of two prominent downstream transcriptional gene targets, the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase 2, and the matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1). Finally, we describe the importance of GPCR-induced activation of these pathways in the pathophysiology of cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (O.Y., J.H.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California (O.Y.)
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (O.Y., J.H.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California (O.Y.)
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49
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Rho/MRTF-A-Induced Integrin Expression Regulates Angiogenesis in Differentiated Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:534758. [PMID: 25949242 PMCID: PMC4408638 DOI: 10.1155/2015/534758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to undergo endothelial differentiation in response to treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but their angiogenic ability is poorly characterized. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the role of Rho/MRTF-A in angiogenesis by MSCs and the effect of the Rho/MRTF-A pathway on the expression of integrins α1β1 and α5β1, which are known to mediate physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Our results showed that increased expression of α1, α5, and β1 was observed during angiogenesis of differentiated MSCs, and the Rho/MRTF-A signaling pathway was demonstrated to be involved in regulating the expression of integrins α1, α5, and β1. Luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay determined that MRTF-A could bind to and transactivate the integrin α1 and α5 promoters. Treatment with the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase, the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 or with shMRTF-A inhibited both the upregulation of α1, α5, and β1 as well as angiogenesis. Furthermore, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), MRTF-A deletion led to marked reductions in cell migration and vessel network formation compared with the control. These data demonstrate that Rho/MRTF-A signaling is an important mediator that controls integrin gene expression during MSC-mediated angiogenic processes.
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50
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Chen D, Yang Y, Cheng X, Fang F, Xu G, Yuan Z, Xia J, Kong H, Xie W, Wang H, Fang M, Gao Y, Xu Y. Megakaryocytic Leukemia 1 Directs a Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methyltransferase Complex to Regulate Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 65:821-33. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Chen
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Yuyu Yang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Xian Cheng
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Fei Fang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Gang Xu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Zhibin Yuan
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Jun Xia
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Hui Kong
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Weiping Xie
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Mingming Fang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Yuqi Gao
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
| | - Yong Xu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Third Military Medical University (D.C., G.X., Z.Y., Y.G., Y.X.), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Y., X.C., F.F., M.F., Y.X.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
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