1
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Baxter RC. Signaling Pathways of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:753-778. [PMID: 36974712 PMCID: PMC10502586 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The 6 high-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that modulate cell signaling through multiple pathways. Their canonical function at the cellular level is to impede access of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 to their principal receptor IGF1R, but IGFBPs can also inhibit, or sometimes enhance, IGF1R signaling either through their own post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or limited proteolysis, or by their interactions with other regulatory proteins. Beyond the regulation of IGF1R activity, IGFBPs have been shown to modulate cell survival, migration, metabolism, and other functions through mechanisms that do not appear to involve the IGF-IGF1R system. This is achieved by interacting directly or functionally with integrins, transforming growth factor β family receptors, and other cell-surface proteins as well as intracellular ligands that are intermediates in a wide range of pathways. Within the nucleus, IGFBPs can regulate the diverse range of functions of class II nuclear hormone receptors and have roles in both cell senescence and DNA damage repair by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, thus potentially modifying the efficacy of certain cancer therapeutics. They also modulate some immune functions and may have a role in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. IGFBPs have been proposed as attractive therapeutic targets, but their ubiquity in the circulation and at the cellular level raises many challenges. By understanding the diversity of regulatory pathways with which IGFBPs interact, there may still be therapeutic opportunities based on modulation of IGFBP-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital,St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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2
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Furusaka Y, Inoue S, Mizoguchi I, Hasegawa H, Katahira Y, Watanabe A, Sakamoto E, Sekine A, Miyakawa S, Umezu T, Owaki T, Yoneto T, Yoshimoto T. Potent antitumor effects of the conditioned medium of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via IGFBP-4. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:2499-2514. [PMID: 36942841 PMCID: PMC10486206 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transfer therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has pronounced therapeutic potential, but concerns remain about immune rejection, emboli formation, and promotion of tumor progression. Because the mode of action of MSCs highly relies on their paracrine effects through secretion of bioactive molecules, cell-free therapy using the conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs is an attractive option. However, the effects of MSC-CM on tumor progression have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we addressed this issue and investigated the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The CM of MSCs derived from human bone marrow greatly inhibited the in vitro growth of several human tumor cell lines and the in vivo growth of the SCCVII murine squamous cell carcinoma cell line with reduced neovascularization. Exosomes in the MSC-CM were only partially involved in the inhibitory effects. The CM contained a variety of cytokines including insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). Among them, IGFBP-4 greatly inhibited the in vitro growth of these tumors and angiogenesis, and immunodepletion of IGFBP-4 from the CM significantly reversed these effects. Of note, the CM greatly reduced the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, IGF-1 receptor beta, and p38 MAPK in a partly IGFBP4-dependent manner, possibly through its binding to IGF-1/2 and blocking the signaling. The CM depleted of IGFBP-4 also reversed the inhibitory effects on in vivo tumor growth and neovascularization. Thus, MSC-CM has potent inhibitory effects on tumor growth and neovascularization in an IGFBP4-dependent manner, suggesting that cell-free therapy using MSC-CM could be a safer promising alternative for even cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Furusaka
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Aruma Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Eri Sakamoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Ami Sekine
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Tomohiro Umezu
- Department of Molecular PathologyTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Owaki
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yoneto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical University6‐1‐1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo160‐8402Japan
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3
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Chen H, Aneman I, Nikolic V, Karadzov Orlic N, Mikovic Z, Stefanovic M, Cakic Z, Jovanovic H, Town SEL, Padula MP, McClements L. Maternal plasma proteome profiling of biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms of early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19099. [PMID: 36351970 PMCID: PMC9646706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy without a cure. There are two phenotypes of preeclampsia, early-onset (EOPE) and late-onset (LOPE) with poorly defined pathogenic differences. This study aimed to facilitate better understanding of the mechanisms of pathophysiology of EOPE and LOPE, and identify specific biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In this study, we conducted an untargeted, label-free quantitative proteomic analyses of plasma samples from pregnant women with EOPE (n = 17) and LOPE (n = 11), and age, BMI-matched normotensive controls (n = 18). Targeted proteomics approach was also employed to validate a subset of proteins (n = 17). In total, there were 26 and 20 differentially abundant proteins between EOPE or LOPE, and normotensive controls, respectively. A series of angiogenic and inflammatory proteins, including insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IGFBP4; EOPE: FDR = 0.0030 and LOPE: FDR = 0.00396) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2-4 (ITIH2-4), were significantly altered in abundance in both phenotypes. Through validation we confirmed that ITIH2 was perturbed only in LOPE (p = 0.005) whereas ITIH3 and ITIH4 were perturbed in both phenotypes (p < 0.05). Overall, lipid metabolism/transport proteins associated with atherosclerosis were highly abundant in LOPE, however, ECM proteins had a more pronounced role in EOPE. The complement cascade and binding and uptake of ligands by scavenger receptors, pathways, were associated with both EOPE and LOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Ingrid Aneman
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Valentina Nikolic
- grid.11374.300000 0001 0942 1176Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Natasa Karadzov Orlic
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Narodni Front, Belgrade, Serbia ,grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Mikovic
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Narodni Front, Belgrade, Serbia ,grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Stefanovic
- grid.11374.300000 0001 0942 1176Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia ,grid.418653.d0000 0004 0517 2741Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Zoran Cakic
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Leskovac, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Hristina Jovanovic
- grid.11374.300000 0001 0942 1176Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Stephanie E. L. Town
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Lana McClements
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
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4
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Zhu Y, Zha F, Tang B, Ji TT, Li XY, Feng L, Bai SJ. Exosomal hsa_circ_0125310 promotes cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via sponging miR-422a and targeting the IGF1R/p38 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:151-162. [PMID: 34854210 PMCID: PMC8742240 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still on the rise worldwide, and millions of patients have to be treated through dialysis or transplant because of kidney failure caused by DN. Recent reports have highlighted circRNAs in the treatment of DN. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which high glucose‐induced exo‐circ_0125310 promotes diabetic nephropathy progression. circ_0125310 is highly expressed in diabetic nephropathy and exosomes isolated from high glucose‐induced mesangial cells (MCs). High glucose‐induced exosomes promote the proliferation and fibrosis of MCs. However, results showed that the effects of exosomes on MCs can be reversed by the knockdown of circ_0125310. miR‐422a, which targets IGF1R, was the direct target of circ_0125310. circ_0125310 regulated IGF1R/p38 axis by sponging miR‐422a. Exo‐circ_0125310 increased the luciferase activity of the WT‐IGF1R reporter in the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays and upregulated the expression level of IGF1R and p38. Finally, in vivo research indicated that the overexpression of circ_0125310 promoted the diabetic nephropathy progression. Above results demonstrated that the high glucose‐induced exo‐circ_0125310 promoted cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via sponging miR‐422a and targeting the IGF1R/p38 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhong Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Jun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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The Rise of IGFBP4 in People with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Multilevel Sleep Surgery Recovers Its Basal Levels. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:1219593. [PMID: 34646401 PMCID: PMC8505101 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1219593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IGFBP4 is the smallest member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein family (IGFBP). It is a hepatic protein that plays a role in modulating the activity and bioavailability of IGF-I. The expression of IGFBP4 was found to increase under conditions of hypoxia. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder, characterized by cyclic episodes of intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep. Our aim was to quantify levels of circulating IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP7 in fasting plasma samples of 69 Kuwaiti participants and explore its correlation with indices of OSA. The quantification was performed using multiplexing assay. The study involved 28 controls and 41 patients with OSA. Levels of circulating IGFBP4 were significantly higher in people with OSA (289.74 ± 23.30 ng/ml) compared to the control group (217.60 ± 21.74 ng/ml, p = 0.028). The increase in IGFBP4 correlated significantly and positively with AHI (r = .574, p = .01) and AI (r = .794, p = .001) in people with moderate and severe OSA. There was a significant decline in circulating IGFBP4 after 3 months of surgery (225.89 ± 18.16 ng/ml, p = 0.012). This was accompanied by a prominent improvement in OSA (AHI 8.97 ± 2.37 events/h, p = 0.001). In this study, our data showed a significant increase in circulating IGFBP4 in people with OSA. We also report a significant positive correlation between IGFBP4 and indices of OSA at baseline, which suggests IGFBP4 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for OSA. There was a significant improvement in OSA after 3 months of surgical intervention, which concurred with a significant decline in IGFBP4 levels. Altogether, the detected change suggests a potential link between IGFBP4 and OSA or an OSA-related factor, whereby OSA might play a role in triggering the induction of IGFBP4 expression.
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6
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Wu Y, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao Y, Mao A, Zhang N, Zhou J, Pan Q, Zhu W, Wang L. RNA sequencing analysis reveals the competing endogenous RNAs interplay in resected hepatocellular carcinoma patients who received interferon-alpha therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:464. [PMID: 34488748 PMCID: PMC8419921 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a general therapeutic regimen to be utilized in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, regulatory mechanisms of IFN-α on competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) level in anti-HCC relapse are rarely understood. METHODS HCC patients with and without IFN-α treatment were calculated to analyze the expression profile of mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) by RNA sequence, and significant differential expression (DE) of these types of RNAs were selected for further analysis. A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed to explore the potential mechanisms of IFN-α intervention on anti-HCC relapse. Finally, the potential prognostic associated genes among these DE RNAs were identified. RESULTS Totally, 556 mRNAs, 120 circRNAs, 87 lncRNAs, and 96 miRNAs were differentially expressed in patients who received IFN-α treatment. A ceRNA regulatory network including a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network which composed of 4 up- and 10 down-regulated circRNAs, 8 up- and 5 down-regulated miRNAs, 28 up- and 9 down-regulated mRNAs, and a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network which composed of 10 up- and 3 down-regulated lncRNAs, 11 up- and 5 down-regulated miRNAs, 28 up- and 10 down-regulated mRNAs was constructed. Gene enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that the ceRNA network was associated with immune-related pathway and corresponding molecular function in patients who accepted IFN-α treatment. Next, we identified 3 most relevant to IFN-α treatment to HCC among these DE RNAs, namely FAM20A, IGFBP4 and MARCH3, as the prognostic associated genes for HCC. Furthermore, MARCH3 expression correlated with infiltrating levels of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICCs) in HCC. MARCH3 expression also showed strong correlations with the gene markers of diverse immune cells in HCC. CONCLUSION Our data discovered a novel ceRNA network in HCC patients receiving IFN-α therapy, which might lay the foundation for better understand the regulatory mechanism of IFN-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Longrong Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Anrong Mao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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7
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Bowles AC, Ishahak MM, Glover SJ, Correa D, Agarwal A. Evaluating Vascularization of Heterotopic Islet Constructs for Type 1 Diabetes Using an In Vitro Platform. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 11:331-341. [PMID: 31724717 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of β-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Clinical islet transplantation from healthy donors is proposed to ameliorate symptoms, improve quality of life, and enhance the life span of afflicted T1D patients. However, post-transplant outcomes are dependent on the survival of the transplanted islets, which relies on the engraftment of the islets with the recipient's vasculature among other factors. Treatment strategies to improve engraftment include combining islets with supporting cells including endothelial cells (EC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), dynamic cells capable of robust immunomodulatory and vasculogenic effects. In this study, we developed an in vitro model of transplantation to investigate the cellular mechanisms that enhance rapid vascularization of heterotopic islet constructs. Self-assembled vascular beds of fluorescently stained EC served as reproducible in vitro transplantation sites. Heterotopic islet constructs composed of islets, EC, and MSC were transferred to vascular beds for modeling transplantation. Time-lapsed imaging was performed for analysis of the vascular bed remodeling for parameters of neo-vascularization. Moreover, sampling of media following modeled transplantation showed secretory profiles that were correlated with imaging analyses as well as with islet function using glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, evidence revealed that heterotopic constructs consisting of islets, EC, and MSC exhibited the most rapid recruitment and robust branching of cells from the vascular beds suggesting enhanced neo-vascularization compared to islets alone and control constructs. Together, this evidence supports a promising cell transplantation strategy for T1D and also demonstrates a valuable tool for rapidly investigating candidate cellular therapies for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie C Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew M Ishahak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samuel J Glover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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8
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IGF-binding proteins 3 and 4 are regulators of sprouting angiogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2561-2572. [PMID: 32133604 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as essential proteins for tip cell maintenance and sprouting angiogenesis. In this study, we aim to identify other IGF family members involved in endothelial sprouting angiogenesis. METHODS Effects on sprouting were analyzed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the spheroid-based sprouting model, and were quantified as mean number of sprouts per spheroid and average sprout length. RNA silencing technology was used to knockdown gene expression. Recombinant forms of the ligands (IGF1 and IGF2, insulin) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 3 and 4 were used to induce excess effects. Effects on the tip cell phenotype were analyzed by measuring the fraction of CD34+ tip cells using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in a 3D angiogenesis model. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of serum. RESULTS Knockdown of IGF2 inhibited sprouting in HUVECs, in particular when cultured in the absence of serum, suggesting that components in serum influence the signaling of IGF2 in angiogenesis in vitro. We then determined the effects of IGFBP3 and IGFBP4, which are both present in serum, on IGF2-IGF1R signaling in sprouting angiogenesis in the absence of serum: knockdown of IGFBP3 significantly reduced sprouting angiogenesis, whereas knockdown of IGFBP4 resulted in increased sprouting angiogenesis in both flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of the 3D angiogenesis model. Other IGF family members except INSR did not affect IGF2-IGF1R signaling. CONCLUSIONS Serum components and IGF binding proteins regulate IGF2 effects on sprouting angiogenesis. Whereas IGFBP3 acts as co-factor for IGF2-IGF1R binding, IGFBP4 inhibits IGF2 signaling.
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9
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Oh SY, Choi DH, Jin YM, Yu Y, Kim HY, Kim G, Park YS, Jo I. Optimization of Microenvironments Inducing Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Endothelial Cell-Like Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:631-643. [PMID: 31824825 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell engineering is appealing consideration for regenerating damaged endothelial cells (ECs) because stem cells can differentiate into EC-like cells. In this study, we demonstrate that tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) can differentiate into EC-like cells under optimal physiochemical microenvironments. Methods TMSCs were preconditioned with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) or EC growth medium (EGM) for 4 days and then replating them on Matrigel to observe the formation of a capillary-like network under light microscope. Microarray, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were used to evaluate the expression of gene and protein of EC-related markers. Results Preconditioning TMSCs in EGM for 4 days and then replating them on Matrigel induced the formation of a capillary-like network in 3 h, but TMSCs preconditioned with DMEM did not form such a network. Genome analyses confirmed that EGM preconditioning significantly affected the expression of genes related to angiogenesis, blood vessel morphogenesis and development, and vascular development. Western blot analyses revealed that EGM preconditioning with gelatin coating induced the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), a mature EC-specific marker, as well as phosphorylated Akt at serine 473, a signaling molecule related to eNOS activation. Gelatin-coating during EGM preconditioning further enhanced the stability of the capillary-like network, and also resulted in the network more closely resembled to those observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conclusion This study suggests that under specific conditions, i.e., EGM preconditioning with gelatin coating for 4 days followed by Matrigel, TMSCs could be a source of generating endothelial cells for treating vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Oh
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea.,2Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Choi
- 3School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Jin
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea.,2Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea.,2Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeong Kim
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea.,2Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungah Kim
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea.,2Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- 3School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea.,2Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu Seoul, 07804 Republic of Korea
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10
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Lee YY, Mok MT, Kang W, Yang W, Tang W, Wu F, Xu L, Yan M, Yu Z, Lee SD, Tong JHM, Cheung YS, Lai PBS, Yu DY, Wang Q, Wong GLH, Chan AM, Yip KY, To KF, Cheng ASL. Loss of tumor suppressor IGFBP4 drives epigenetic reprogramming in hepatic carcinogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8832-8847. [PMID: 29992318 PMCID: PMC6158508 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) uncovers a paucity of actionable mutations, underscoring the necessity to exploit epigenetic vulnerabilities for therapeutics. In HCC, EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 represents a major oncogenic chromatin modification, but how it modulates the therapeutic vulnerability of signaling pathways remains unknown. Here, we show EZH2 acts antagonistically to AKT signaling in maintaining H3K27 methylome through epigenetic silencing of IGFBP4. ChIP-seq revealed enrichment of Ezh2/H3K27me3 at silenced loci in HBx-transgenic mouse-derived HCCs, including Igfbp4 whose down-regulation significantly correlated with EZH2 overexpression and poor survivals of HCC patients. Functional characterizations demonstrated potent growth- and invasion-suppressive functions of IGFBP4, which was associated with transcriptomic alterations leading to deregulation of multiple signaling pathways. Mechanistically, IGFBP4 stimulated AKT/EZH2 phosphorylation to abrogate H3K27me3-mediated silencing, forming a reciprocal feedback loop that suppressed core transcription factor networks (FOXA1/HNF1A/HNF4A/KLF9/NR1H4) for normal liver homeostasis. Consequently, the in vivo tumorigenicity of IGFBP4-silenced HCC cells was vulnerable to pharmacological inhibition of EZH2, but not AKT. Our study unveils chromatin regulation of a novel liver tumor suppressor IGFBP4, which constitutes an AKT-EZH2 reciprocal loop in driving H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic reprogramming. Defining the aberrant chromatin landscape of HCC sheds light into the mechanistic basis of effective EZH2-targeted inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Myth Ts Mok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenshu Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingfei Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sau-Dan Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joanna H M Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue-Sun Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Qianben Wang
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Grace L H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew M Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Saunders A, Macosko EZ, Wysoker A, Goldman M, Krienen FM, de Rivera H, Bien E, Baum M, Bortolin L, Wang S, Goeva A, Nemesh J, Kamitaki N, Brumbaugh S, Kulp D, McCarroll SA. Molecular Diversity and Specializations among the Cells of the Adult Mouse Brain. Cell 2019; 174:1015-1030.e16. [PMID: 30096299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is composed of diverse, specialized cell populations. To systematically ascertain and learn from these cellular specializations, we used Drop-seq to profile RNA expression in 690,000 individual cells sampled from 9 regions of the adult mouse brain. We identified 565 transcriptionally distinct groups of cells using computational approaches developed to distinguish biological from technical signals. Cross-region analysis of these 565 cell populations revealed features of brain organization, including a gene-expression module for synthesizing axonal and presynaptic components, patterns in the co-deployment of voltage-gated ion channels, functional distinctions among the cells of the vasculature and specialization of glutamatergic neurons across cortical regions. Systematic neuronal classifications for two complex basal ganglia nuclei and the striatum revealed a rare population of spiny projection neurons. This adult mouse brain cell atlas, accessible through interactive online software (DropViz), serves as a reference for development, disease, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpiar Saunders
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Evan Z Macosko
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Alec Wysoker
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Goldman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fenna M Krienen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Heather de Rivera
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bien
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew Baum
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Laura Bortolin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aleksandrina Goeva
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James Nemesh
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nolan Kamitaki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sara Brumbaugh
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David Kulp
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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12
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Slater T, Haywood NJ, Matthews C, Cheema H, Wheatcroft SB. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and angiogenesis: from cancer to cardiovascular disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:28-35. [PMID: 30954375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated activity that is vital during embryonic development and for normal physiological repair processes and reproduction in healthy adults. Pathological angiogenesis is a driving force behind a variety of diseases including cancer and retinopathies, and inhibition of angiogenesis is a therapeutic option that has been the subject of much research, with several inhibitory agents now available for medical therapy. Conversely, therapeutic angiogenesis has been mooted as having significant potential in the treatment of ischemic conditions such as angina pectoris and peripheral arterial disease, but so far there has been less translation from lab to bedside. The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) are a family of seven proteins essential for the binding and transport of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF). It is being increasingly recognised that IGFBPs have a significant role beyond simply modulating IGF activity, with evidence of both IGF dependent and independent actions through a variety of mechanisms. Moreover, the action of the IGFBPs can be stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the cell type and environment. Specifically the IGFBPs have been heavily implicated in angiogenesis, both pathological and physiological, and they have significant promise as targeted cell therapy agents for both pathological angiogenesis inhibition and therapeutic angiogenesis following ischemic injury. In this short review we will explore the current understanding of the individual impact of each IGFBP on angiogenesis, and the pathways through which these effects occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Slater
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Matthews
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Harneet Cheema
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
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13
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Smith YE, Toomey S, Napoletano S, Kirwan G, Schadow C, Chubb AJ, Mikkelsen JH, Oxvig C, Harmey JH. Recombinant PAPP-A resistant insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (dBP4) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1016. [PMID: 30348128 PMCID: PMC6196427 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays a role in tumour development and progression. In vivo, IGF1 activity is regulated by the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP4 inhibits the activity of IGF1 but proteolytic cleavage by pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) releases active IGF1. A modified IGFBP4, dBP4, which was resistant to PAPP-A cleavage but retained IGF1 binding capacity, was engineered, expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells and purified. This study examined the effects of dBP4 on IGF1-induced cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. The effect of intra-tumour injections of dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis was examined using the 4T1.2luc orthotopic model of breast cancer. METHODS PAPP-A resistance and IGF binding capacity of dBP4 were characterized by Western blot and surface plasmon resonance, respectively. 4T1.2luc are mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells transfected with luciferase to allow in vivo imaging. The effect of dBP4 on IGF1-induced Akt activation in 4T1.2luc cells was assessed by Western blot. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed using 4T1.2luc cells. Angiokit™ assays and Matrigel® implants were used to assess the effects of dBP4 on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. An orthotopic breast cancer model - 4T1.2luc cells implanted in the mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice - was used to assess the effect of intra tumour injection of purified dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumour growth and lung metastasis were examined by in vivo imaging and tumour angiogenesis was evaluated by CD31 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our engineered, PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4 (dBP4) retained IGF1 binding capacity and inhibited IGF1 activation of Akt as well as IGF1-induced migration and invasion by 4T1.2 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. dBP4 inhibited IGF1-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in Matrigel implants in vivo. Direct intra-tumour injection of soluble dBP4 reduced angiogenesis in 4T1.2 luc mammary tumours tumour and reduced lung metastasis. CONCLUSION A PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4, dBP4, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in 4T1.2 mammary fat pad tumours. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of dBP4 as an approach to block the tumour-promoting actions of IGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Smith
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Toomey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Napoletano
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Kirwan
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C Schadow
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A J Chubb
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J H Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J H Harmey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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14
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1-6 bind IGFs but not insulin with high affinity. They were initially identified as serum carriers and passive inhibitors of IGF actions. However, subsequent studies showed that, although IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions in many circumstances, they may also potentiate these actions. IGFBPs are widely expressed in most tissues, and they are flexible endocrine and autocrine/paracrine regulators of IGF activity, which is essential for this important physiological system. More recently, individual IGFBPs have been shown to have IGF-independent actions. Mechanisms underlying these actions include (i) interaction with non-IGF proteins in compartments including the extracellular space and matrix, the cell surface and intracellular space, (ii) interaction with and modulation of other growth factor pathways including EGF, TGF-β and VEGF, and (iii) direct or indirect transcriptional effects following nuclear entry of IGFBPs. Through these IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions, IGFBPs modulate essential cellular processes including proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy and angiogenesis. They have been implicated in a range of disorders including malignant, metabolic, neurological and immune diseases. A more complete understanding of their cellular roles may lead to the development of novel IGFBP-based therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred)Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesAlfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Clemmons DR. Role of IGF-binding proteins in regulating IGF responses to changes in metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T139-T169. [PMID: 29563157 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The IGF-binding protein family contains six members that share significant structural homology. Their principal function is to regulate the actions of IGF1 and IGF2. These proteins are present in plasma and extracellular fluids and regulate access of both IGF1 and II to the type I IGF receptor. Additionally, they have functions that are independent of their ability to bind IGFs. Each protein is regulated independently of IGF1 and IGF2, and this provides an important mechanism by which other hormones and physiologic variables can regulate IGF actions indirectly. Several members of the family are sensitive to changes in intermediary metabolism. Specifically the presence of obesity/insulin resistance can significantly alter the expression of these proteins. Similarly changes in nutrition or catabolism can alter their synthesis and degradation. Multiple hormones such as glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogen and insulin regulate IGFBP synthesis and bioavailability. In addition to their ability to regulate IGF access to receptors these proteins can bind to distinct cell surface proteins or proteins in extracellular matrix and several cellular functions are influenced by these interactions. IGFBPs can be transported intracellularly and interact with nuclear proteins to alter cellular physiology. In pathophysiologic states, there is significant dysregulation between the changes in IGFBP synthesis and bioavailability and changes in IGF1 and IGF2. These discordant changes can lead to marked alterations in IGF action. Although binding protein physiology and pathophysiology are complex, experimental results have provided an important avenue for understanding how IGF actions are regulated in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Clemmons
- Department of MedicineUNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Abstract
Insulinlike growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1 to 6 are high-affinity regulators of IGF activity. They generally inhibit IGF actions by preventing binding to the IGF-I receptor but can also enhance their actions under some conditions. Posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation modulate IGFBP properties, and IGFBP proteolysis results in IGF release. IGFBPs have more recently been shown to have IGF-independent actions. A number of mechanisms are involved, including modulation of other growth factor pathways, nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation, interaction with the sphingolipid pathway, and binding to non-IGF biomolecules in the extracellular space and matrix, on the cell surface and intracellularly. IGFBPs modulate important biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Their actions have been implicated in growth, metabolism, cancer, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, and immune regulation. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of IGFBP abundance. A more complete understanding of IGFBP biology is necessary to further define their cellular roles and determine their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Novel molecular mechanisms and regeneration therapy for heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Context-Dependent Development of Lymphoid Stroma from Adult CD34+ Adventitial Progenitors. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2375-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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19
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Ames JJ, Contois L, Caron JM, Tweedie E, Yang X, Friesel R, Vary C, Brooks PC. Identification of an Endogenously Generated Cryptic Collagen Epitope (XL313) That May Selectively Regulate Angiogenesis by an Integrin Yes-associated Protein (YAP) Mechano-transduction Pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2731-50. [PMID: 26668310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling regulates angiogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms by which structural changes in ECM proteins contribute to angiogenesis are not fully understood. Integrins are molecules with the ability to detect compositional and structural changes within the ECM and integrate this information into a network of signaling circuits that coordinate context-dependent cell behavior. The role of integrin αvβ3 in angiogenesis is complex, as evidence exists for both positive and negative functions. The precise downstream signaling events initiated by αvβ3 may depend on the molecular characteristics of its ligands. Here, we identified an RGD-containing cryptic collagen epitope that is generated in vivo. Surprisingly, rather than inhibiting αvβ3 signaling, this collagen epitope promoted αvβ3 activation and stimulated angiogenesis and inflammation. An antibody directed to this RGDKGE epitope but not other RGD collagen epitopes inhibited angiogenesis and inflammation in vivo. The selective ability of this RGD epitope to promote angiogenesis and inflammation depends in part on its flanking KGE motif. Interestingly, a subset of macrophages may represent a physiologically relevant source of this collagen epitope. Here, we define an endothelial cell mechano-signaling pathway in which a cryptic collagen epitope activates αvβ3 leading to an Src and p38 MAPK-dependent cascade that leads to nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and stimulation of endothelial cell growth. Collectively, our findings not only provide evidence for a novel mechano-signaling pathway, but also define a possible therapeutic strategy to control αvβ3 signaling by targeting a pro-angiogenic and inflammatory ligand of αvβ3 rather than the receptor itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn J Ames
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Liangru Contois
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Jennifer M Caron
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Eric Tweedie
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Xuehui Yang
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Robert Friesel
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Calvin Vary
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Peter C Brooks
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
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20
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) 4-6 have important roles as modulators of IGF actions. IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6 predominantly inhibit IGF actions, whereas IGFBP-5 may enhance these actions under some circumstances. IGFBP-6 is unique among the IGFBPs for its marked IGF-II binding preference. IGFBPs 4-6 are found in the circulation as binary complexes with IGFs that can enter tissues. Additionally, about half of the circulating IGFBP-5 is found in ternary complexes with IGFs and an acid labile subunit; this high molecular complex cannot leave the circulation and acts as an IGF reservoir. IGFBPs 4-6 also have IGF-independent actions. These IGFBPs are regulated in a cell-specific manner and their dysregulation may play a role in a range of diseases including cancer. However, there is no clear clinical indication for measuring serum levels of these IGFBPs at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred), Monash University, Prahran, 3181, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
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21
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Shaikh H, Boudes E, Khoja Z, Shevell M, Wintermark P. Angiogenesis dysregulation in term asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128028. [PMID: 25996847 PMCID: PMC4440713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy following birth asphyxia is a major predictor of long-term neurological impairment. Therapeutic hypothermia is currently the standard of care to prevent brain injury in asphyxiated newborns but is not protective in all cases. More robust and versatile treatment options are needed. Angiogenesis is a demonstrated therapeutic target in adult stroke. However, no systematic study examines the expression of angiogenesis-related markers following birth asphyxia in human newborns. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the expression of angiogenesis-related protein markers in asphyxiated newborns developing and not developing brain injury compared to healthy control newborns. DESIGN/METHODS Twelve asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia were prospectively enrolled; six developed eventual brain injury and six did not. Four healthy control newborns were also included. We used Rules-Based Medicine multi-analyte profiling and protein array technologies to study the plasma concentration of 49 angiogenesis-related proteins. Mean protein concentrations were compared between each group of newborns. RESULTS Compared to healthy newborns, asphyxiated newborns not developing brain injury showed up-regulation of pro-angiogenic proteins, including fatty acid binding protein-4, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, neuropilin-1, and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3; this up-regulation was not evident in asphyxiated newborns eventually developing brain injury. Also, asphyxiated newborns developing brain injury showed a decreased expression of anti-angiogenic proteins, including insulin-growth factor binding proteins -1, -4, and -6, compared to healthy newborns. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that angiogenesis pathways are dysregulated following birth asphyxia and are putatively involved in brain injury pathology and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Shaikh
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elodie Boudes
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zehra Khoja
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Shevell
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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Inhibition of tumor-associated αvβ3 integrin regulates the angiogenic switch by enhancing expression of IGFBP-4 leading to reduced melanoma growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Angiogenesis 2014; 18:31-46. [PMID: 25249331 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A more complete understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the angiogenic switch, which contributes to the conversion of small dormant tumors to actively growing malignancies, is important for the development of more effective anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer therapy. While significant progress has been made in understanding the complex mechanisms by which integrin αvβ3 expressed in endothelial cells governs angiogenesis, less is known concerning the ability of αvβ3 expressed within the tumor cell compartment to modulate the angiogenic output of a tumor. Here we provide evidence that αvβ3 expressed in melanoma cells may contribute to the suppression of IGFBP-4, an important negative regulator of IGF-1 signaling. Given the multiple context-dependent roles for αvβ3 in angiogenesis and tumor progression, our novel findings provide additional molecular insight into how αvβ3 may govern the angiogenic switch by a mechanism associated with a p38 MAPK and matrix metalloproteinases-dependent regulation of the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor IGFBP-4.
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23
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The hypoxia-inducible epigenetic regulators Jmjd1a and G9a provide a mechanistic link between angiogenesis and tumor growth. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3702-20. [PMID: 25071150 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00099-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes stem cell maintenance and tumor progression, but it remains unclear how it regulates long-term adaptation toward these processes. We reveal a striking downregulation of the hypoxia-inducible histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylase JMJD1A as a hallmark of clinical human germ cell-derived tumors, such as seminomas, yolk sac tumors, and embryonal carcinomas. Jmjd1a was not essential for stem cell self-renewal but played a crucial role as a tumor suppressor in opposition to the hypoxia-regulated oncogenic H3K9 methyltransferase G9a. Importantly, loss of Jmjd1a resulted in increased tumor growth, whereas loss of G9a produced smaller tumors. Pharmacological inhibition of G9a also resulted in attenuation of tumor growth, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for germ cell-derived tumors. Finally, Jmjd1a and G9a drive mutually opposing expression of the antiangiogenic factor genes Robo4, Igfbp4, Notch4, and Tfpi accompanied by changes in H3K9 methylation status. Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanistic link whereby hypoxia-regulated epigenetic changes are instrumental for the control of tumor growth through coordinated dysregulation of antiangiogenic gene expression.
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Huang J, Tabata S, Kakiuchi S, The Van T, Goto H, Hanibuchi M, Nishioka Y. Identification of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A as a migration-promoting gene in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells: a potential therapeutic target. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1172-84. [PMID: 23896451 PMCID: PMC3787149 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains a deadly disease. Targeted therapy generated broad interests and is highly expected for the treatment of MPM, yet promising preclinical results have not been translated into substantial clinical benefits for the patients. In this study, we tried to identify the genes which play functional roles in cell migration as well as to test whether they can be used as novel targets for molecular targeted therapy for MPM in preclinical model. In our study, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) was identified as a gene whose expression level is correlated with MPM cell migration by correlation analysis combining MPM cell migration ability and their gene expression profiles. Highly migratory cells were selected from MPM cell lines, MSTO-211H, NCI-H290 and EHMES-1 in vitro and up-regulation of PAPPA in these cells were confirmed. In vitro, PAPPA was demonstrated to stimulate the MPM cell migration via cleavage of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 and subsequent release of IGF-1. Gene silencing of PAPPA in MPM cells led to reduced migration, invasion and proliferation. Furthermore, PAPPA shRNA transfected NCI-H290 when orthotopically inoculated into pleural cavity of severe combined immunodeficiency recipient mice, failed to develop tumors and produce bloody pleural effusion as control shRNA transfected cells did. Our study suggests that PAPPA plays a functional role in promoting MPM cell migration and it might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Exogenous administration of protease-resistant, non-matrix-binding IGFBP-2 inhibits tumour growth in a murine model of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2855-64. [PMID: 24853186 PMCID: PMC4056053 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) signal via the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) and IGF-II also activates the insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A). Signalling via both receptors promotes tumour growth, survival and metastasis. In some instances IGF-II action via the IR-A also promotes resistance to anti-IGF-1R inhibitors. This study assessed the efficacy of two novel modified IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) proteins that were designed to sequester both IGFs. The two modified IGFBP-2 proteins were either protease resistant alone or also lacked the ability to bind extracellular matrix (ECM). METHODS The modified IGFBP-2 proteins were tested in vitro for their abilities to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and in vivo to inhibit MCF-7 breast tumour xenograft growth. RESULTS Both mutants retained low nanomolar affinity for IGF-I and IGF-II (0.8-2.1-fold lower than IGFBP-2) and inhibited cancer cell proliferation in vitro. However, the combined protease resistant, non-matrix-binding mutant was more effective in inhibiting MCF-7 tumour xenograft growth and led to inhibition of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS By removing protease cleavage and matrix-binding sites, modified IGFBP-2 was effective in inhibiting tumour growth and reducing tumour angiogenesis.
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Killeen AP, Morris DG, Kenny DA, Mullen MP, Diskin MG, Waters SM. Global gene expression in endometrium of high and low fertility heifers during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:234. [PMID: 24669966 PMCID: PMC3986929 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In both beef and dairy cattle, the majority of early embryo loss occurs within the first 14 days following insemination. During this time-period, embryos are completely dependent on their maternal uterine environment for development, growth and ultimately survival, therefore an optimum uterine environment is critical to their survival. The objective of this study was to investigate whether differences in endometrial gene expression during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle exist between crossbred beef heifers ranked as either high (HF) or low fertility (LF) (following four rounds of artificial insemination (AI)) using the Affymetrix® 23 K Bovine Gene Chip. RESULTS Conception rates for each of the four rounds of AI were within a normal range: 70-73.3%. Microarray analysis of endometrial tissue collected on day 7 of the estrous cycle detected 419 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between HF (n = 6) and LF (n = 6) animals. The main gene pathways affected were, cellular growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, cellular and tissue morphology and development, inflammation and metabolic exchange. DEG included, FST, SLC45A2, MMP19, FADS1 and GALNT6. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights, some of the molecular mechanisms potentially controlling uterine endometrial function during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle, which may contribute to uterine endometrial mediated impaired fertility in cattle. Differentially expressed genes are potential candidate genes for the identification of genetic variation influencing cow fertility, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland.
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IGFBP-4 anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic effects are associated with anti-cathepsin B activity. Neoplasia 2013; 15:554-67. [PMID: 23633927 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4/IBP-4) has potent IGF-independent anti-angiogenic and antitumorigenic effects. In this study, we demonstrated that these activities are located in the IGFBP-4 C-terminal protein fragment (CIBP-4), a region containing a thyroglobulin type 1 (Tg1) domain. Proteins bearing Tg1 domains have been shown to inhibit cathepsins, lysosomal enzymes involved in basement membrane degradation and implicated in tumor invasion and angiogenesis. In our studies, CIBP-4 was shown to internalize and co-localize with lysosomal-like structures in both endothelial cells (ECs) and glioblastoma U87MG cells. CIBP-4 also inhibited both growth factor-induced EC tubulogenesis in Matrigel and the concomitant increases in intracellular cathepsin B (CatB) activity. In vitro assays confirmed CIBP-4 capacity to block recombinant CatB activity. Biodistribution analysis of intravenously injected CIBP-4-Cy5.5 in a glioblastoma tumor xenograft model indicated targeted accumulation of CIBP-4 in tumors. Most importantly, CIBP-4 reduced tumor growth in this animal model by 60%. Pleiotropic anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities of CIBP-4 most likely underlie its observed therapeutic potential against glioblastoma.
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Shi Z, Chiang CI, Mistretta TA, Major A, Mori-Akiyama Y. SOX9 directly regulates IGFBP-4 in the intestinal epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G74-83. [PMID: 23660500 PMCID: PMC3725691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00086.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SOX9 regulates cell lineage specification by directly regulating target genes in a discrete number of tissues, and previous reports have shown cell proliferative and suppressive roles for SOX9. Although SOX9 is expressed in colorectal cancer, only a few direct targets have been identified in intestinal epithelial cells. We previously demonstrated increased proliferation in Sox9-deficient crypts through loss-of-function studies, indicating that SOX9 suppresses cell proliferation. In this study, crypt epithelial cells isolated from Sox9-deficient mice were used to identify potential target genes of SOX9. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4), an inhibitor of the IGF/IGF receptor pathway, was significantly downregulated in Sox9-deficient intestinal epithelial cells and adenoma cells of Sox9-deficient ApcMin/+ mice. Immunolocalization experiments revealed that IGFBP-4 colocalized with SOX9 in mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells and in specimens from patients with primary colorectal cancer. Reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated direct binding of SOX9 to the IGFBP-4 promoter. Overexpression of SOX9 attenuated cell proliferation, which was restored following treatment with a neutralizing antibody against IGFBP-4. These results suggest that SOX9 regulates cell proliferation, at least in part via IGFBP-4. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of SOX9 was confirmed in vivo using Sox9-deficient mice, which showed increased tumor burden when bred with ApcMin/+ mice. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that SOX9 is a transcriptional regulator of IGFBP-4 and that SOX9-induced activation of IGFBP-4 may be one of the mechanisms by which SOX9 suppresses cell proliferation and progression of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Shi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Chi-I Chiang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Toni-Ann Mistretta
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuko Mori-Akiyama
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Nguyen DV, Calzi SL, Shaw LC, Kielczewski JL, Korah HE, Grant MB. An ocular view of the IGF-IGFBP system. Growth Horm IGF Res 2013; 23:45-52. [PMID: 23578754 PMCID: PMC3833084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
IGFs and their binding proteins have been shown to exhibit both protective and deleterious effects in ocular disease. Recent studies have characterized the expression patterns of different IGFBPs in retinal layers and within the vitreous. IGFBP-3 has roles in vascular protection stimulating proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular progenitor cells to sites of injury. IGFBP-3 increases pericyte ensheathment and shows anti-inflammatory effects by reducing microglia activation in diabetes. IGFBP-5 has recently been linked to mediating fibrosis in proliferative vitreoretinopathy but also reduces neovascularization. Thus, the regulatory balance between IGF and IGFBPs can have profound impact on target tissues. This review discusses recent findings of IGF and IGFBP expression in the eye with relevance to different retinopathies.
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Yu Z, Gao W, Jiang E, Lu F, Zhang L, Shi Z, Wang X, Chen L, Lv T. Interaction between IGF-IR and ER induced by E2 and IGF-I. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62642. [PMID: 23704881 PMCID: PMC3660452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) is a nuclear receptor and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-IR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. Estrogen and IGF-I are known to have synergistic effects on the growth of breast cancer cells. Recently, non-nuclear effects of ER have been under investigation. To study the mechanism involved in this process, we have used MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines transfected with IGF-IR anti-sense cDNA (SX13, MCF-7(SX13)) that resulted in 50% reduction of IGF-IR. In MCF-7 cells, estradiol (E2) and IGF-I induced the rapid association of ER to IGF-IR, however, the interaction was abrogated in MCF-7(SX13) cells. In addition, NWTB3 cells (NIH3T3 cells overexpressing IGF-IR) were transiently transfected with ERα, the ER-IGF-IR interaction was induced by both E2 and IGF-I. Moreover, ERα regulated the IGF-I signaling pathways through phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt and the interaction of ER-IGF-IR potentiated the cell growth. Finally, E2 and IGF-I stimulated translocation of ER from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Taken together, these findings reveal that the interaction of the ER and IGF-IR is important for the non-genomic effects of ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (TL)
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Enze Jiang
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaorong Shi
- Hospital office, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (TL)
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