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Gao T, Yu C, Shi X, Hu Y, Chang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhai Z, Jia X, Mao Y. Artemisinic acid attenuates osteoclast formation and titanium particle-induced osteolysis via inhibition of RANKL-induced ROS accumulation and MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345380. [PMID: 38751789 PMCID: PMC11094322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is the most common cause of joint arthroplasty failure. Its progression involves both biological and mechanical factors. Osteoclastogenesis induced by wear from debris-cell interactions, ultimately leading to excessive bone erosion, is considered the primary cause of PPO; therefore, targeting osteoclasts is a promising treatment approach. Currently available drugs have various side effects and limitations. Artemisinic acid (ArA) is a sesquiterpene isolated from the traditional herb Artemisia annua L. that has various pharmacological effects, such as antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of ArA on osteoclast formation and bone resorption function in vitro, as well as wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo, and to explore its molecular mechanism of action. Here, we report that ArA inhibits RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and function. Mechanistically, ArA suppresses intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by activating the antioxidant response via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway upregulation. It also inhibits the mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, as well as the transcription and expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. In vivo experiments demonstrated that ArA reduces osteoclast formation and alleviates titanium particle-induced calvarial osteolysis. Collectively, our study highlights that ArA, with its osteoprotective and antioxidant effects, is a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating PPO and other osteoclast-mediated osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zanjing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Hu N, Liu J, Yu H, Pan H, Chen D, Ruan C. Small-molecule amines: a big role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Bone Res 2023; 11:40. [PMID: 37482549 PMCID: PMC10363555 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous small-molecule amines (SMAs) play critical roles in maintaining bone homeostasis and promoting bone regeneration regardless of whether they are applied as drugs or biomaterials. On the one hand, SMAs promote bone formation or inhibit bone resorption through the regulation of key molecular signaling pathways in osteoblasts/osteoclasts; on the other hand, owing to their alkaline properties as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features, most SMAs create a favorable microenvironment for bone homeostasis. However, due to a lack of information on their structure/bioactivity and underlying mechanisms of action, certain SMAs cannot be developed into drugs or biomaterials for bone disease treatment. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the current understanding of SMA effects on bone homeostasis, including descriptions of their classifications, biochemical features, recent research advances in bone biology and related regulatory mechanisms in bone regeneration. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of SMA translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jirong Yang
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shenzhen Healthemes Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Jałbrzykowska K, Chrzanowska A, Roszkowski P, Struga M. The New Face of a Well-Known Antibiotic: A Review of the Anticancer Activity of Enoxacin and Its Derivatives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133056. [PMID: 35804828 PMCID: PMC9264829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enoxacin is a second-generation quinolone with promising anticancer activity. In contrast to other members of the quinolone group, it exhibits an extraordinary cytotoxic mechanism of action. Enoxacin enhances RNA interference and promotes microRNA processing, as well as the production of free radicals. Interestingly, apart from its proapoptotic, cell cycle arresting and cytostatic effects, enoxacin manifests a limitation of cancer invasiveness. The underlying mechanisms are the competitive inhibition of vacuolar H+-ATPase subunits and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway suppression. The newly synthesized enoxacin derivatives have shown a magnified cytotoxic effect with an emphasis on prooxidative, proapoptotic and microRNA interference actions. The mentioned mechanisms seem to contribute to a safer, more selective and more effective anticancer therapy. Abstract Enoxacin as a second-generation synthetic quinolone is known for its antibacterial action; however, in recent years there have been studies focusing on its anticancer potential. Interestingly, it turns out that compared to other fluoroquinolones, enoxacin exhibits uncommon cytotoxic properties. Besides its influence on apoptosis, the cell cycle and cell growth, it exhibits a regulatory action on microRNA biogenesis. It was revealed that the molecular targets of the enoxacin-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis are vacuolar H+-ATPase subunits and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway, causing a decrease in cell invasiveness. Interestingly, the prooxidative nature of the subjected fluoroquinolone enhanced the cytotoxic effect. Crucial for the anticancer activity were the carboxyl group at the third carbon atom, fluorine at the seventh carbon atom and nitrogen at the eighth position of naphyridine. Modifications of the parent drug improved the induction of oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and the dysregulation of microRNA. The inhibition of V-ATPase–microfilament binding was also observed. Enoxacin strongly affected various cancer but not normal cells, excluding keratinocytes, which suffered from phototoxicity. It seems to be an underestimated anticancer drug with pleiotropic action. Furthermore, its usage as a safe antibiotic with well-known pharmacokinetics and selectivity will enhance the development of anticancer treatment strategies. This review covers articles published within the years 2000–2021, with a strong focus on the recent years (2016–2021). However, some canonical papers published in twentieth century are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jałbrzykowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-22-5720693 (A.C. & M.S.)
| | - Piotr Roszkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-22-5720693 (A.C. & M.S.)
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Wu S, Wu B, Liu Y, Deng S, Lei L, Zhang H. Mini Review Therapeutic Strategies Targeting for Biofilm and Bone Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:936285. [PMID: 35774451 PMCID: PMC9238355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.936285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection results in a complex inflammatory response and bone destruction. A broad spectrum of bacterial species has been involved for jaw osteomyelitis, hematogenous osteomyelitis, vertebral osteomyelitis or diabetes mellitus, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, and aerobic gram-negative bacilli. S. aureus is the major pathogenic bacterium for osteomyelitis, which results in a complex inflammatory response and bone destruction. Although various antibiotics have been applied for bone infection, the emergence of drug resistance and biofilm formation significantly decrease the effectiveness of those agents. In combination with gram-positive aerobes, gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes functionally equivalent pathogroups interact synergistically, developing as pathogenic biofilms and causing recurrent infections. The adhesion of biofilms to bone promotes bone destruction and protects bacteria from antimicrobial agent stress and host immune system infiltration. Moreover, bone is characterized by low permeability and reduced blood flow, further hindering the therapeutic effect for bone infections. To minimize systemic toxicity and enhance antibacterial effectiveness, therapeutic strategies targeting on biofilm and bone infection can serve as a promising modality. Herein, we focus on biofilm and bone infection eradication with targeting therapeutic strategies. We summarize recent targeting moieties on biofilm and bone infection with peptide-, nucleic acid-, bacteriophage-, CaP- and turnover homeostasis-based strategies. The antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms of those therapeutic strategies include increasing antibacterial agents’ accumulation by bone specific affinity, specific recognition of phage-bacteria, inhibition biofilm formation in transcription level. As chronic inflammation induced by infection can trigger osteoclast activation and inhibit osteoblast functioning, we additionally expand the potential applications of turnover homeostasis-based therapeutic strategies on biofilm or infection related immunity homeostasis for host-bacteria. Based on this review, we expect to provide useful insights of targeting therapeutic efficacy for biofilm and bone infection eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjie Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Deng
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lei Lei
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Lei,
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hui Zhang,
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Yao C, Zhu M, Han X, Xu Q, Dai M, Nie T, Liu X. A Bone-Targeting Enoxacin Delivery System to Eradicate Staphylococcus Aureus-Related Implantation Infections and Bone Loss. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:749910. [PMID: 34869262 PMCID: PMC8635194 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.749910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-operative infections in orthopaedic implants are severe complications that require urgent solutions. Although conventional antibiotics limit bacterial biofilm formation, they ignore the bone loss caused by osteoclast formation during post-operative orthopaedic implant-related infections. Fortunately, enoxacin exerts both antibacterial and osteoclast inhibitory effects, playing a role in limiting infection and preventing bone loss. However, enoxacin lacks specificity in bone tissue and low bioavailability-related adverse effects, which hinders translational practice. Here, we developed a nanosystem (Eno@MSN-D) based on enoxacin (Eno)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), decorated with the eight repeating sequences of aspartate (D-Asp8), and coated with polyethylene glycol The release results suggested that Eno@MSN-D exhibits a high sensitivity to acidic environment. Moreover, this Eno@MSN-D delivery nanosystem exhibited both antibacterial and anti-osteoclast properties in vitro. The cytotoxicity assay revealed no cytotoxicity at the low concentration (20 μg/ml) and Eno@MSN-D inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Importantly, Eno@MSN-D allowed the targeted release of enoxacin in infected bone tissue. Bone morphometric analysis and histopathology assays demonstrated that Eno@MSN-D has antibacterial and antiosteoclastic effects in vivo, thereby preventing implant-related infections and bone loss. Overall, our study highlights the significance of novel biomaterials that offer new alternatives to treat and prevent orthopaedic Staphylococcus aureus-related implantation infections and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Meisong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuguo Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Xu Q, Zhan P, Li X, Mo F, Xu H, Liu Y, Lai Q, Zhang B, Dai M, Liu X. Bisphosphonate-enoxacin inhibit osteoclast formation and function by abrogating RANKL-induced JNK signalling pathways during osteoporosis treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10126-10139. [PMID: 34651433 PMCID: PMC8572771 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age‐related disease characterized by low mineral density, compromised bone strength and increased risk of fragility fracture. Most agents for treating osteoporosis focus primarily on anti‐resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Bisphosphonate (BP) is a potent anti‐resorptive agent that has been used clinically for decades and is proven to be effective. However, BP has a variety of side effects and is far from being an ideal anti‐osteoporosis agent. BP selectively binds to calcium crystals, which are subsequently taken up or released by osteoclasts. Based on the action of BP, we previously demonstrated the inhibitory effect of a novel bone‐targeting BP derivative, bisphosphonate‐enoxacin (BE). In the current study, we used bone marrow‐derived osteoclast cultures to further assess the inhibitory effect of BE on osteoclastogenesis and employed reverse transcription PCR and real‐time PCR to examine expression of osteoclast‐specific genes. Additionally, we used bone resorption and F‐actin immunofluorescence assays to evaluate the effect of BE on osteoclast function and investigated the potential mechanisms affecting osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro. Furthermore, an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of BE on preventing bone loss. Results showed that BE exerted potent inhibitory effects on osteoclast formation and bone resorption by specifically abrogating RANKL‐induced JNK signalling, and that it preserved OVX rat bone mass in vivo without any notable side effects. Collectively, these results indicated that the BP derivative BE may have significant potential as a treatment for osteoporosis and other osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fengbo Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Huaen Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Chu A, Zirngibl RA, Manolson MF. The V-ATPase a3 Subunit: Structure, Function and Therapeutic Potential of an Essential Biomolecule in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136934. [PMID: 34203247 PMCID: PMC8269383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one of the 16 proteins composing the V-ATPase complex responsible for resorbing bone: the a3 subunit. The rationale for focusing on this biomolecule is that mutations in this one protein account for over 50% of osteopetrosis cases, highlighting its critical role in bone physiology. Despite its essential role in bone remodeling and its involvement in bone diseases, little is known about the way in which this subunit is targeted and regulated within osteoclasts. To this end, this review is broadened to include the three other mammalian paralogues (a1, a2 and a4) and the two yeast orthologs (Vph1p and Stv1p). By examining the literature on all of the paralogues/orthologs of the V-ATPase a subunit, we hope to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and future research directions specific to a3. This review starts with an overview on bone, highlighting the role of V-ATPases in osteoclastic bone resorption. We then cover V-ATPases in other location/functions, highlighting the roles which the four mammalian a subunit paralogues might play in differential targeting and/or regulation. We review the ways in which the energy of ATP hydrolysis is converted into proton translocation, and go in depth into the diverse role of the a subunit, not only in proton translocation but also in lipid binding, cell signaling and human diseases. Finally, the therapeutic implication of targeting a3 specifically for bone diseases and cancer is discussed, with concluding remarks on future directions.
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Ribet ABP, Ng PY, Pavlos NJ. Membrane Transport Proteins in Osteoclasts: The Ins and Outs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644986. [PMID: 33718388 PMCID: PMC7952445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During bone resorption, the osteoclast must sustain an extraordinarily low pH environment, withstand immense ionic pressures, and coordinate nutrient and waste exchange across its membrane to sustain its unique structural and functional polarity. To achieve this, osteoclasts are equipped with an elaborate set of membrane transport proteins (pumps, transporters and channels) that serve as molecular ‘gatekeepers’ to regulate the bilateral exchange of ions, amino acids, metabolites and macromolecules across the ruffled border and basolateral domains. Whereas the importance of the vacuolar-ATPase proton pump and chloride voltage-gated channel 7 in osteoclasts has long been established, comparatively little is known about the contributions of other membrane transport proteins, including those categorized as secondary active transporters. In this Special Issue review, we provide a contemporary update on the ‘ins and outs’ of membrane transport proteins implicated in osteoclast differentiation, function and bone homeostasis and discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B P Ribet
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Chen M, Yang D, Hu X, Jiang G, Li T, Ouyang Z, Deng J. Stachydrine hydrochloride inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating the NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways to alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 542:1-8. [PMID: 33482468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, defective bone microstructure, and increased risk of fracture. It's well known that excessive activation of osteoclasts plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Thus, inhibition of osteoclast formation and function might be a proving strategy for osteoporosis. In our study, for the first time we explored the effect of Stachydrine Hydrochloride in the treatment of osteoporosis. We demonstrated that SH markedly inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function in vitro and effectively decrease bone resorption in vivo. These finding were further supported by changes in the NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways, which are classical downstream pathways of RANKL-mediated osteoclastogensis. Collectively, these data suggest the possible future use of SH to protect against bone loss in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Daishui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Xuantao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Jianliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.
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Selective toxicity of antibacterial agents-still a valid concept or do we miss chances and ignore risks? Infection 2020; 49:29-56. [PMID: 33367978 PMCID: PMC7851017 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective toxicity antibacteribiotics is considered to be due to interactions with targets either being unique to bacteria or being characterized by a dichotomy between pro- and eukaryotic pathways with high affinities of agents to bacterial- rather than eukaryotic targets. However, the theory of selective toxicity oversimplifies the complex modes of action of antibiotics in pro- and eukaryotes. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE This review summarizes data describing multiple modes of action of antibiotics in eukaryotes. RESULTS Aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, bedaquillin, ß-lactams inhibited mitochondrial translation either due to binding to mitosomes, inhibition of mitochondrial RNA-polymerase-, topoisomerase 2ß-, ATP-synthesis, transporter activities. Oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, vancomycin, ß-lactams, bacitracin, isoniazid, nitroxoline inhibited matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) due to chelation with zinc and calcium, whereas fluoroquinols fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol chelated with these cations, too, but increased MMP activities. MMP-inhibition supported clinical efficacies of ß-lactams and daptomycin in skin-infections, and of macrolides, tetracyclines in respiratory-diseases. Chelation may have contributed to neuroprotection by ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, oxazolidins oxazolidinones, tetracyclines caused read-through of premature stop codons. Several additional targets for antibiotics in human cells have been identified like interaction of fluoroquinolones with DNA damage repair in eukaryotes, or inhibition of mucin overproduction by oxazolidinones. CONCLUSION The effects of antibiotics on eukaryotes are due to identical mechanisms as their antibacterial activities because of structural and functional homologies of pro- and eukaryotic targets, so that the effects of antibiotics on mammals are integral parts of their overall mechanisms of action.
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Felicetti T, Cecchetti V, Manfroni G. Modulating microRNA Processing: Enoxacin, the Progenitor of a New Class of Drugs. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12275-12289. [PMID: 32672457 PMCID: PMC8009507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) process encompasses the cellular mechanisms by which short-noncoding RNAs posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. First discovered in 1998, today RNAi represents the foundation underlying complex biological mechanisms that are dysregulated in many diseases. MicroRNAs are effector molecules of gene silencing in RNAi, and their modulation can lead to a wide response in cells. Enoxacin was reported as the first and unique small-molecule enhancer of microRNA (SMER) maturation. Herein, the biological activity of enoxacin as SMER is discussed to shed light on its innovative mode of action, its potential in treating different diseases, and the feasibility of using enoxacin as a chemical template for inspiring medicinal chemists. We debate its mechanism of action at the molecular level and the possible impact on future ligand and/or structure-guided chemical optimizations, as well as opportunities and drawbacks associated with the development of quinolones such as SMERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Wang P, Huang J, Kurtán T, Mándi A, Jia H, Cheng W, Lin W. Aaptodines A-D, Spiro Naphthyridine-Furooxazoloquinoline Hybrid Alkaloids from the Sponge Aaptos suberitoides. Org Lett 2020; 22:8215-8218. [PMID: 33112152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
LC-MS-oriented fractionation of the sponge Aaptos suberitoides resulted in the isolation of four heptacyclic alkaloids, aaptodines A-D (1-4), which contain 9,10-dihydrofuro[2,3-f][1,3]oxazolo[5,4-h]quinolone and 7,8-dihydrocyclopenta[de][1,6]naphthyridine subunits with a spiro carbon atom. The structures were determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data analysis aided by electronic circular dichroism calculations and Mosher's method. A biosynthetic pathway for the formation of aaptodines A-D is postulated. Aaptodine D exhibits potent inhibition against osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hongli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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13
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Schaffner-Reckinger E, Machado RAC. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin-A double-edged sword: Beneficial for the immune response, maleficent in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:109-154. [PMID: 32859369 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles and networks is orchestrated by a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin is normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is involved in the immune response. However, L-plastin is also often ectopically expressed in malignant cancer cells of non-hematopoietic origin and is even considered as a marker for cancer progression. Post-translational modification modulates L-plastin activity. In particular, L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation has been shown to be important for the immune response in leukocytes as well as for invasion and metastasis formation of carcinoma cells. This chapter discusses the physiological and pathological role of L-plastin with a special focus on the importance of L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation for the protein functions. The potential use of Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target will be evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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14
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Gao F, Yuan Q, Cai P, Gao L, Zhao L, Liu M, Yao Y, Chai Z, Gao X. Au Clusters Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis with Uniquely Reversing Cartilage/Bone Destruction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801671. [PMID: 30989021 PMCID: PMC6446600 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Super-small nanoclusters may intrinsically trigger specific molecular pathway for disease treatment in vitro/vivo. To prove the hypothesis the super-small nanoclusters, e.g., Au clusters, are directly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro/vivo. RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by the inflammation of joints and the unreversible destruction of the cartilage/bone. Au clusters significantly suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediator production in the murine macrophage cell line by inhibiting the signaling pathways that regulate the major proinflammatory mediator genes. In preclinical rat RA studies, Au clusters strongly prevent type II collagen-induced rat RA without systemic side effects. Compared with the clinical first-line anchored anti-RA drug, methotrexate, Au clusters equally inhibit inflammation in vivo. Type II collagen-induced rat RA is characterized with the destruction of cartilage/bone; treatment with Au clusters reverses the destruction of cartilage/bone to its normal state. This is because Au clusters directly inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and function through the downregulation of osteoclast-specific genetic marker expression. However the methotrexate almost has no positive effect for this key issue in rat RA therapy. These data prove that the super-small nanoclusters, e.g., Au clusters, could be a novel candidate nanodrug for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Pengju Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Lina Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yawen Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu215123China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
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15
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Han G, Zuo J, Holliday LS. Specialized Roles for Actin in Osteoclasts: Unanswered Questions and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010017. [PMID: 30634501 PMCID: PMC6359508 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are cells of the hematopoietic lineage that are specialized to resorb bone. In osteoclasts, the actin cytoskeleton engages in at least two unusual activities that are required for resorption. First, microfilaments form a dynamic and structurally elaborate actin ring. Second, microfilaments bind vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) and are involved in forming the V-ATPase-rich ruffled plasma membrane. The current review examines these two specialized functions with emphasis on the identification of new therapeutic opportunities. The actin ring is composed of substructures called podosomes that are interwoven to form a cohesive superstructure. Studies examining the regulation of the formation of actin rings and its constituent proteins are reviewed. Areas where there are gaps in the knowledge are highlighted. Microfilaments directly interact with the V-ATPase through an actin binding site in the B2-subunit of V-ATPase. This binding interaction is required for ruffled membrane formation. Recent studies show that an inhibitor of the interaction blocks bone resorption in pre-clinical animal models, including a model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Because the unusual actin-based resorption complex is unique to osteoclasts and essential for bone resorption, it is likely that deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms will lead to new approaches to treat bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Han
- Department of Stomatology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Lexie Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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16
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Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin stimulate 4T1 murine breast cancer cells to release extracellular vesicles that inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16182. [PMID: 30385810 PMCID: PMC6212457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enoxacin and its bone-seeking bisphosphonate derivative, bis-enoxacin, have recently captured attention as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and bone disease. No differences in growth or survival of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were detected at a concentration of 50 µM of enoxacin or bis-enoxacin. Growth was perturbed at higher concentrations. Both 50 µM enoxacin and bis-enoxacin stimulated increases in the number of GW/Processing bodies, but there were minimal changes in microRNA levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from 4T1 cells treated with 50 µM enoxacin or 50 µM bis-enoxacin stimulated proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells, and both significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis in calcitriol-stimulated mouse marrow. EVs from 4T1 cells treated with enoxacin and bis-enoxacin displayed small reductions in the amount of microRNA (miR)-146a-5p and let-7b-5p. In marked contrast, miR-214-3p, which has been shown to regulate bone remodeling, was increased 22-fold and 30-fold respectively. We conclude that enoxacin and bis-enoxacin trigger the release of EVs from 4T1 cancer cells that inhibit osteoclastogenesis.
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17
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Duan X, Yang S, Zhang L, Yang T. V-ATPases and osteoclasts: ambiguous future of V-ATPases inhibitors in osteoporosis. Theranostics 2018; 8:5379-5399. [PMID: 30555553 PMCID: PMC6276090 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) play a critical role in regulating extracellular acidification of osteoclasts and bone resorption. The deficiencies of subunit a3 and d2 of V-ATPases result in increased bone density in humans and mice. One of the traditional drug design strategies in treating osteoporosis is the use of subunit a3 inhibitor. Recent findings connect subunits H and G1 with decreased bone density. Given the controversial effects of ATPase subunits on bone density, there is a critical need to review the subunits of V-ATPase in osteoclasts and their functions in regulating osteoclasts and bone remodeling. In this review, we comprehensively address the following areas: information about all V-ATPase subunits and their isoforms; summary of V-ATPase subunits associated with human genetic diseases; V-ATPase subunits and osteopetrosis/osteoporosis; screening of all V-ATPase subunits variants in GEFOS data and in-house data; spectrum of V-ATPase subunits during osteoclastogenesis; direct and indirect roles of subunits of V-ATPases in osteoclasts; V-ATPase-associated signaling pathways in osteoclasts; interactions among V-ATPase subunits in osteoclasts; osteoclast-specific V-ATPase inhibitors; perspective of future inhibitors or activators targeting V-ATPase subunits in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tielin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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18
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Bi H, Chen X, Gao S, Yu X, Xiao J, Zhang B, Liu X, Dai M. Key Triggers of Osteoclast-Related Diseases and Available Strategies for Targeted Therapies: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:234. [PMID: 29326938 PMCID: PMC5742334 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the only cells with bone resorption functions in vivo, maintain the balance of bone metabolism by cooperating with osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Excessive activity of osteoclasts causes many diseases such as osteoporosis, periprosthetic osteolysis, bone tumors, and Paget's disease. In contrast, osteopetrosis results from osteoclast deficiency. Available strategies for combating over-activated osteoclasts and the subsequently induced diseases can be categorized into three approaches: facilitating osteoclast apoptosis, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and impairing bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are representative molecules that function by triggering osteoclast apoptosis. New drugs, such as tumor necrosis factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors (e.g., denosumab) have been developed for targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B /RANKL/osteoprotegerin system or CSF-1/CSF-1R axis, which play critical roles in osteoclast formation. Furthermore, vacuolar (H+)-ATPase inhibitors, cathepsin K inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 2 impair different stages of the bone resorption process. Recently, significant achievements have been made in this field. The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary of the current progress in research involving osteoclast-related diseases and of the development of targeted inhibitors of osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Changxing County, Huzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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19
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Holliday LS. Vacuolar H +-ATPases (V-ATPases) as therapeutic targets: a brief review and recent developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 30957075 DOI: 10.21037/biotarget.2017.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are multi-subunit enzymes that play housekeeping roles in eukaryotic cells by acidifying lysosomes, late endosomes, Golgi, and other membrane-bounded compartments. Beyond that, V-ATPases have specialized functions in certain cell types linked to diseases including osteoporosis and cancer. Efforts to identify strategies to develop inhibitors selective for V-ATPases that are involved in disease progression have been ongoing for more than two decades, but so far have not yielded a therapeutic agent that has been translated to the clinic. Recent basic science studies have identified unexpected roles for V-ATPases in nutrient and energy sensing, and renin/angiotensin signaling, which offer additional incentives for considering V-ATPases as therapeutic targets. This article briefly reviews efforts to utilize inhibitors of V-ATPases as drugs. Primary focus is on recent "rational" efforts to identify small molecule inhibitors of the V-ATPases that are selectively expressed in osteoclasts and cancer cells. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin are two molecules that emerged from these efforts. These molecules block a binding interaction between V-ATPases and microfilaments that occurs in osteoclasts, but not most other cell types, which relates to the specialized function of V-ATPases in bone resorption. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin have proven useful in the treatment of bone diseases and cancer in animal models and display therapeutic effects that are different, and perhaps better, than current drugs. These results provide evidence that agents targeting subsets of V-ATPases may prove useful in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shannon Holliday
- Departments of Orthodontics and Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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Svrcina H, Greer A, Baker S, Smith M, Martinez P, Granger N, Thomas N, Miller J, Steinke E, Davitt K, Sloane E, Nugent L, Sabo R, Williams C, Lipton MA, Jones D. Death effects of reveromycin A in normal and disease-associated cells of the joint. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:4382-4396. [PMID: 29077233 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Earlier work in our laboratory demonstrated that naturally occurring reveromycin A (Rev A) causes apoptosis in osteoclasts without accompanying necrosis. Rev A death effects in both normal and diseased joint cells were investigated in this study. A dose of 10 μM Rev A did not cause apoptosis nor necrosis in monolayer chondrocytes, even at pH 6.8, a pH mimicking that of an inflamed joint. In contrast, at the acidic pH Rev A did induce significant apoptosis (fourfold increase at 48 h of treatment, P < 0.005) in normal synoviocytes without accompanying necrosis. Western blot of the normal synoviocyte proteins revealed that cytochrome c levels were not significantly changed over the time course of treatment nor did caspase 8 activity increase; therefore, Rev A appears to exert this apoptotic effect through a mechanism independent of the classical intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes isolated from rheumatoid arthritis patients (RAFLS) as well as normal human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (NHFLS), cells known to play key roles in arthritic joint pathology, were also subjected to Rev A treatment at both physiologic and acidic pH's. Neither apoptosis nor necrosis was induced in either RAFLS or NHFLS. Parallel mitomycin C treatment of NHFLS induced both apoptosis and necrosis. Comparative structure-activity analyses of Rev A and mitomycin C revealed that Rev A is less likely to cross the cell membrane at near neutral pH. Collectively the data reveal that a physiological dose of Rev A under acidic conditions induces normal synoviocytes to undergo apoptosis while pathologic fibroblast-like synoviocytes are resistant to apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Svrcina
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Austin Greer
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Seth Baker
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Morgan Smith
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Patricia Martinez
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Nathan Granger
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Natassja Thomas
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Jaylin Miller
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Ellen Steinke
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Kelsey Davitt
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Emily Sloane
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Lauren Nugent
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Ryan Sabo
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Calli Williams
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
| | - Mark A Lipton
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Daniel Jones
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana
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21
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Liu X, Qu X, Nie T, Zhai Z, Li H, Ouyang Z, Qin A, Zhang S, Zhang S, Fan Q, Tang T, Yu Z, Dai M. The Beneficial Effects of Bisphosphonate-enoxacin on Cortical Bone Mass and Strength in Ovariectomized Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28638344 PMCID: PMC5461254 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major age-related bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and a high risk of fractures. Bisphosphonates are considered as effective agents treating osteoporosis. However, long-term use of bisphosphonates is associated with some serious side effects, which limits the widespread clinical use of bisphosphonates. Here, we demonstrate a novel type of bone-targeting anti-resorptive agent, bisphosphonate-enoxacin (BE). In this study, ovariectomized rat model was established and treated with PBS, zoledronate (50 μg/kg) and different dose of BE (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), respectively. The rats subjected to sham-operation and PBS treatment were considered as control group. Then, micro-computed tomography scanning, biomechanical tests, nano-indentation test and Raman analysis were used to compare the effects of zoledronate and BE on cortical bone mass, strength, and composition in ovariectomized rats. We found that both zoledronate and BE were beneficial to cortical bone strength. Three-point bending and nano-indentation tests showed that zoledronate- and BE-treated groups had superior general and local biomechanical properties compared to the ovariectomized groups. Interestingly, it seemed that BE-treated group got a better biomechanical property than the zoledronate-treated group. Also, BE-treated group showed significantly increased proteoglycan content compared with the zoledronate-treated group. We hypothesized that the increased bone strength and biomechanical properties was due to altered bone composition after treatment with BE. BE, a new bone-targeting agent, may be considered a more suitable anti-resorptive agent to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases associated with decreased bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Artificial Joint Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Tao Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Artificial Joint Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Haowei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Qiming Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Artificial Joint Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, China
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22
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Koide N, Kasamatsu A, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Ishida S, Shimizu T, Kimura Y, Miyamoto I, Yoshimura S, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Evidence for Critical Role of Lymphocyte Cytosolic Protein 1 in Oral Cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43379. [PMID: 28230172 PMCID: PMC5322526 DOI: 10.1038/srep43379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (LCP1), a member of actin-binding protein of the plastin family, has been identified in several malignant tumors of non-hematopoietic sites, such as the colon, prostate, and breast. However, little is known about the roles of LCP1 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). This present study sought to clarify the clinical relevance of LCP1 in OSCCs and investigate possible clinical applications for treating OSCCs by regulating LCP1 expression. We found up-regulation of LCP1in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). We used shRNA models for LCP1 (shLCP1) and enoxacin (ENX), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, as a regulator of LCP1 expression. In addition to the LCP1 knockdown experiments in which shLCP1 cells showed several depressed functions, including cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migratory activities, ENX-treated cells also had attenuated functions. Consistent with our hypothesis from our in vitro data, LCP1-positive OSCC samples were correlated closely with the primary tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. These results suggested that LCP1 is a useful biomarker for determining progression of OSCCs and that ENX might be a new therapeutic agent for treating OSCCs by controlling LCP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Koide
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Ishida
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Fukaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shusaku Yoshimura
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Covalent Immobilization of Enoxacin onto Titanium Implant Surfaces for Inhibiting Multiple Bacterial Species Infection and In Vivo Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Prophylaxis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 61:AAC.01766-16. [PMID: 27799220 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01766-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is one of the most important causes of titanium implant failure in vivo A developing prophylactic method involves the immobilization of antibiotics, especially vancomycin, onto the surface of the titanium implant. However, these methods have a limited effect in curbing multiple bacterial infections due to antibiotic specificity. In the current study, enoxacin was covalently bound to an amine-functionalized Ti surface by use of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer, and the bactericidal effectiveness was investigated in vitro and in vivo The titanium surface was amine functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), through which PEG spacer molecules were covalently immobilized onto the titanium, and then the enoxacin was covalently bound to the PEG, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). A spread plate assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the antimicrobial activity. For the in vivo study, Ti implants were inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and implanted into the femoral medullary cavity of rats. The degree of infection was assessed by radiography, micro-computed tomography, and determination of the counts of adherent bacteria 3 weeks after surgery. Our data demonstrate that the enoxacin-modified PEGylated Ti surface effectively prevented bacterial colonization without compromising cell viability, adhesion, or proliferation in vitro Furthermore, it prevented MRSA infection of the Ti implants in vivo Taken together, our results demonstrate that the use of enoxacin-modified Ti is a potential approach to the alleviation of infections of Ti implants by multiple bacterial species.
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Oktay S, Chukkapalli SS, Rivera-Kweh MF, Velsko IM, Holliday LS, Kesavalu L. Periodontitis in rats induces systemic oxidative stress that is controlled by bone-targeted antiresorptives. J Periodontol 2016; 86:137-45. [PMID: 25101489 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic, polymicrobial inflammatory disease that degrades connective tissue and alveolar bone and results in tooth loss. Oxidative stress has been linked to the onset of periodontal tissue breakdown and systemic inflammation, and the success of antiresorptive treatments will rely on how effectively they can ameliorate periodontal disease-induced oxidative stress during oral infection. METHODS Rats were infected with polybacterial inoculum consisting of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, as an oral lavage every other week for 12 weeks. Daily subcutaneous injections of enoxacin, bis-enoxacin, alendronate, or doxycycline were administered for 6 weeks after 6 weeks of polybacterial infection in rats. The serum levels of oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, were evaluated in each of the infected, treated, and sham-infected rats. RESULTS Rats infected with the periodontal pathogens displayed a five-fold increase in the oxidative stress index compared with controls as a result of increased levels of serum oxidants and decreases in total antioxidant activity. The overall decrease in antioxidant activity occurred despite increases in three important antioxidant enzymes, suggesting an imbalance between antioxidant macromolecules/small molecules production and antioxidant enzyme levels. Surprisingly, the bone-targeted antiresorptives bis-enoxacin and alendronate inhibited increases in oxidative stress caused by periodontitis. Bis-enoxacin, which has both antiresorptive and antibiotic activities, was more effective than alendronate, which acts only as an antiresorptive. CONCLUSION To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that the increased oxidative stress induced by periodontal infection in rats can be ameliorated by bone-targeted antiresorptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehkar Oktay
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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25
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Huynh N, VonMoss L, Smith D, Rahman I, Felemban MF, Zuo J, Rody WJ, McHugh KP, Holliday LS. Characterization of Regulatory Extracellular Vesicles from Osteoclasts. J Dent Res 2016; 95:673-9. [PMID: 26908631 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516633189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and ectosomes/microvesicles, have emerged as important intercellular regulators. EVs can interact with surface receptors of target cells and can transport luminal components, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs, and enzymes, to the cytosol of the target cell. Here, we show that hematopoietic cells grown in culture shed exosome-like EVs as they differentiate from preosteoclasts into osteoclasts. These EVs were between 25 and 120 nm (mean, 40 nm) in diameter determined by transmission electron microscopy. The exosome-associated markers CD63 and EpCAM were enriched in the isolated EVs while markers of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum were not detected. Treatment of isolated hematopoietic cells with EVs did not affect their receptor activator of nuclear factor κB-ligand (RANKL)-stimulated differentiation into osteoclasts. However, EVs from osteoclast precursors promoted 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent osteoclast formation in whole mouse marrow cultures, and EVs from osteoclast-enriched cultures inhibited osteoclastogenesis in the same cultures. These data suggested that osteoclast-derived EVs are paracrine regulators of osteoclastogenesis. EVs from mature osteoclasts contained receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK). Immunogold labeling showed RANK was enriched in 1 in every 32 EVs isolated from osteoclast-enriched cultures. Depletion of RANK-rich EVs relieved the ability of osteoclast-derived EVs to inhibit osteoclast formation in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated marrow cultures. In summary, we show for the first time that EVs released by osteoclasts are novel regulators of osteoclastogenesis. Our data suggest that RANK in EVs may be mechanistically linked to the inhibition of osteoclast formation. RANK present in EVs may function by competitively inhibiting the stimulation of RANK on osteoclast surfaces by RANKL similar to osteoprotegerin. RANK-rich EVs may also take advantage of the RANK/RANKL interaction to target RANK-rich EVs to RANKL-bearing cells for the delivery of other regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Huynh
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L VonMoss
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D Smith
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Rahman
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M F Felemban
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Zuo
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - W J Rody
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K P McHugh
- Department of Periodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L S Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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26
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Jiang C, Shang J, Li Z, Qin A, Ouyang Z, Qu X, Li H, Tian B, Wang W, Wu C, Wang J, Dai M. Lanthanum Chloride Attenuates Osteoclast Formation and Function Via the Downregulation of Rankl-Induced Nf-κb and Nfatc1 Activities. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:142-51. [PMID: 26060084 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Jiangyinzi Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics; The First Affiliated Hospital; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi Province China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Orthopaedics; The First Affiliated Hospital; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi Province China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Haowei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Bo Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Wengang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Chuanlong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics; The First Affiliated Hospital; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi Province China
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Tucker BS, Stewart JD, Aguirre JI, Holliday LS, Figg CA, Messer JG, Sumerlin BS. Role of Polymer Architecture on the Activity of Polymer–Protein Conjugates for the Treatment of Accelerated Bone Loss Disorders. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2374-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, ‡George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, and §Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and ¶Department of Orthodontics,
College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jon D. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, ‡George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, and §Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and ¶Department of Orthodontics,
College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - J. Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry, ‡George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, and §Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and ¶Department of Orthodontics,
College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - L. Shannon Holliday
- Department of Chemistry, ‡George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, and §Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and ¶Department of Orthodontics,
College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- Department of Chemistry, ‡George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, and §Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and ¶Department of Orthodontics,
College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Messer
- Department of Chemistry, ‡George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, and §Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and ¶Department of Orthodontics,
College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, ‡George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, and §Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and ¶Department of Orthodontics,
College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Mead B, Morgan H, Mann-Knowlton A, Tedeschi L, Sloan C, Lang S, Hines C, Gragg M, Stofer J, Riemann K, Derr T, Heller E, Collins D, Landis P, Linna N, Jones D. Reveromycin A-Induced Apoptosis in Osteoclasts Is Not Accompanied by Necrosis. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1646-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Mead
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Heather Morgan
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Alyssa Mann-Knowlton
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Laura Tedeschi
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Chris Sloan
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Spenser Lang
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Cory Hines
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Megan Gragg
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Jonathan Stofer
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Kaitlin Riemann
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Tyler Derr
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Emily Heller
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - David Collins
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Paul Landis
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Nathan Linna
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Daniel Jones
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
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Wu C, Wang W, Tian B, Liu X, Qu X, Zhai Z, Li H, Liu F, Fan Q, Tang T, Qin A, Zhu Z. Myricetin prevents titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kartner N, Manolson MF. Novel techniques in the development of osteoporosis drug therapy: the osteoclast ruffled-border vacuolar H(+)-ATPase as an emerging target. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:505-22. [PMID: 24749538 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.902155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone loss occurs in many diseases, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. For osteoporosis alone, it is estimated that 75 million people are afflicted worldwide, with high risks of fractures and increased morbidity and mortality. The demand for treatment consumes an ever-increasing share of healthcare resources. Successive generations of antiresorptive bisphosphonate drugs have reduced side effects, minimized frequency of dosing, and increased efficacy in halting osteoporotic bone loss, but their shortcomings have remained significant to the extent that a monoclonal antibody antiresorptive has recently taken a significant market share. Yet this latter, paradigm-shifting approach has its own drawbacks. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent literature on bone-remodeling cell and molecular biology and the background for existing approaches and emerging therapeutics and targets for treating osteoporosis. The authors discuss vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) molecular biology and the recent advances in targeting the osteoclast ruffled-border V-ATPase (ORV) for the development of novel antiresorptive drugs. They also cover examples from the V-ATPase-targeted drug discovery literature, including conventional molecular biology methods, in silico drug discovery, and gene therapy in more detail as proofs of concept. EXPERT OPINION Existing therapeutic options for osteoporosis have limitations and inherent drawbacks. Thus, the search for novel approaches to osteoporosis drug discovery remains relevant. Targeting the ORV may be one of the more selective means of regulating bone resorption. Furthermore, this approach may be effective without removing active osteoclasts from the finely balanced osteoclast-osteoblast coupling required for normal bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kartner
- University of Toronto , 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6 , Canada
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31
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Liu X, Qu X, Wu C, Zhai Z, Tian B, Li H, Ouyang Z, Xu X, Wang W, Fan Q, Tang T, Qin A, Dai K. The effect of enoxacin on osteoclastogenesis and reduction of titanium particle-induced osteolysis via suppression of JNK signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5721-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Ouyang Z, Zhai Z, Li H, Liu X, Qu X, Li X, Fan Q, Tang T, Qin A, Dai K. Hypericin suppresses osteoclast formation and wear particle-induced osteolysis via modulating ERK signalling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:276-87. [PMID: 24950468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast-induced bone resorption and wear-particle-induced osteolysis leads to prosthetic loosening, one of the most common causes of joint implant failure, resulting in revision surgery. Thus, inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption, which further prevents wear particle-induced osteolysis, is a potential treatment strategy for prosthetic loosening. Here, we examined the therapeutic effect of hypericin (HP), which was photosensitive, on osteoclastogenesis and wear particle-induced osteolysis in the absence of visible light. HP inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cell line without any evidence of cytotoxicity. The bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts was significantly inhibited by HP. As HP has been previously reported to inhibit signalling pathway such as ERK and NF-κB in other cells, which is also important in osteoclast differentiation. We thus examined the molecular mechanism and showed that HP significantly inhibited the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway without affecting nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signalling in RANKL-stimulated BMMs. Further in vivo studies revealed HP attenuated osteoclast formation and subsequently prevented wear particle-induced bone erosion. Taken together, the results suggest that HP inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via affecting ERK signalling in vitro and suppresses wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. We therefore conclude that HP may be an innovative and safe alternative treatment for osteoclast-related prosthetic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haowei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Qiming Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Rivera MF, Chukkapalli SS, Velsko IM, Lee JY, Bhattacharyya I, Dolce C, Toro EJ, Holliday LS, Kesavalu L. Bis-enoxacin blocks rat alveolar bone resorption from experimental periodontitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92119. [PMID: 24638087 PMCID: PMC3956892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are multifactorial, caused by polymicrobial subgingival pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Chronic periodontal infection results in inflammation, destruction of connective tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone resorption, and ultimately tooth loss. Enoxacin and a bisphosphonate derivative of enoxacin (bis-enoxacin) inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption and also contain antibiotic properties. Our study proposes that enoxacin and/or bis-enoxacin may be useful in reducing alveolar bone resorption and possibly bacterial colonization. Rats were infected with 10(9) cells of polymicrobial inoculum consisting of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia, as an oral lavage every other week for twelve weeks. Daily subcutaneous injections of enoxacin (5 mg/kg/day), bis-enoxacin (5, 25 mg/kg/day), alendronate (1, 10 mg/kg/day), or doxycycline (5 mg/day) were administered after 6 weeks of polymicrobial infection. Periodontal disease parameters, including bacterial colonization/infection, immune response, inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and systemic spread, were assessed post-euthanasia. All three periodontal pathogens colonized the rat oral cavity during polymicrobial infection. Polymicrobial infection induced an increase in total alveolar bone resorption, intrabony defects, and gingival inflammation. Treatment with bis-enoxacin significantly decreased alveolar bone resorption more effectively than either alendronate or doxycycline. Histologic examination revealed that treatment with bis-enoxacin and enoxacin reduced gingival inflammation and decreased apical migration of junctional epithelium. These data support the hypothesis that bis-enoxacin and enoxacin may be useful for the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes F. Rivera
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sasanka S. Chukkapalli
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Irina M. Velsko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ju-Youn Lee
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Indraneel Bhattacharyya
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Calogero Dolce
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Edgardo J. Toro
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - L. Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lakshmyya Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Vacuolar H+-ATPase: An Essential Multitasking Enzyme in Physiology and Pathophysiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/675430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are large multisubunit proton pumps that are required for housekeeping acidification of membrane-bound compartments in eukaryotic cells. Mammalian V-ATPases are composed of 13 different subunits. Their housekeeping functions include acidifying endosomes, lysosomes, phagosomes, compartments for uncoupling receptors and ligands, autophagosomes, and elements of the Golgi apparatus. Specialized cells, including osteoclasts, intercalated cells in the kidney and pancreatic beta cells, contain both the housekeeping V-ATPases and an additional subset of V-ATPases, which plays a cell type specific role. The specialized V-ATPases are typically marked by the inclusion of cell type specific isoforms of one or more of the subunits. Three human diseases caused by mutations of isoforms of subunits have been identified. Cancer cells utilize V-ATPases in unusual ways; characterization of V-ATPases may lead to new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer. Two accessory proteins to the V-ATPase have been identified that regulate the proton pump. One is the (pro)renin receptor and data is emerging that indicates that V-ATPase may be intimately linked to renin/angiotensin signaling both systemically and locally. In summary, V-ATPases play vital housekeeping roles in eukaryotic cells. Specialized versions of the pump are required by specific organ systems and are involved in diseases.
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Toro EJ, Zuo J, Gutierrez A, Guiterrez A, La Rosa RL, Gawron AJ, Bradaschia-Correa V, Arana-Chavez V, Dolce C, Rivera MF, Kesavalu L, Bhattacharyya I, Neubert JK, Holliday LS. Bis-enoxacin inhibits bone resorption and orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 2013; 92:925-31. [PMID: 23958763 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513501876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Enoxacin inhibits binding between the B-subunit of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) and microfilaments, and also between osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro. We hypothesized that a bisphosphonate derivative of enoxacin, bis-enoxacin (BE), which was previously studied as a bone-directed antibiotic, might have similar activities. BE shared a number of characteristics with enoxacin: It blocked binding between the recombinant B-subunit and microfilaments and inhibited osteoclastogenesis in cell culture with IC50s of about 10 µM in each case. BE did not alter the relative expression levels of various osteoclast-specific proteins. Even though tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b was expressed, proteolytic activation of the latent pro-enzyme was inhibited. However, unlike enoxacin, BE stimulated caspase-3 activity. BE bound to bone slices and inhibited bone resorption by osteoclasts on BE-coated bone slices in cell culture. BE reduced the amount of orthodontic tooth movement achieved in rats after 28 days. Analysis of these data suggests that BE is a novel anti-resorptive molecule that is active both in vitro and in vivo and may have clinical uses. ABBREVIATIONS BE, bis-enoxacin; V-ATPase, vacuolar H(+)-ATPase; TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; αMEM D10, minimal essential media, alpha modification with 10% fetal bovine serum; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand; NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T-cells; ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain; OTM, orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Toro
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Arriero MDM, Ramis JM, Perelló J, Monjo M. Inositol hexakisphosphate inhibits osteoclastogenesis on RAW 264.7 cells and human primary osteoclasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43187. [PMID: 22905230 PMCID: PMC3419183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inoxitol hexakisphosphate (IP6) has been found to have an important role in biomineralization and a direct effect inhibiting mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro without impairing extracellular matrix production and expression of alkaline phosphatase. IP6 has been proposed to exhibit similar effects to those of bisphosphonates on bone resorption, however, its direct effect on osteoclasts (OCL) is presently unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IP6 on the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cell line and on human primary osteoclasts. On one hand, we show that IP6 decreases the osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells induced by RANKL, without affecting cell proliferation or cell viability. The number of TRAP positive cells and mRNA levels of osteoclast markers such as TRAP, calcitonin receptor, cathepsin K and MMP-9 was decreased by IP6 on RANKL-treated cells. On the contrary, when giving IP6 to mature osteoclasts after RANKL treatment, a significant increase of bone resorption activity and TRAP mRNA levels was found. On the other hand, we show that 1 µM of IP6 inhibits osteoclastogenesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and their resorption activity both, when given to undifferentiated and to mature osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that IP6 inhibits osteoclastogenesis on human PBMNC and on the RAW264.7 cell line. Thus, IP6 may represent a novel type of selective inhibitor of osteoclasts and prove useful for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Arriero
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joana M. Ramis
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Perelló
- Laboratoris Sanifit, ParcBIT, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Monjo
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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