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Kamegai N, Kim H, Suzuki Y, Fukui S, Kojima H, Maruyama S, Morgan BP, Zelek WM, Mizuno M. Complement terminal pathway inhibition reduces peritoneal injuries in a rat peritonitis model. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:209-218. [PMID: 37549240 PMCID: PMC10714190 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and the resulting peritoneal injuries are common problems that prevent long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy in patients with end-stage kidney diseases. Previously, we have analyzed the relationship between the complement system and progression of peritoneal injuries associated with PD, particularly focusing on the early activation pathways and effects of the anaphylatoxins. We here utilized a novel mAb 2H2 that blocks assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) to investigate roles of the complement terminal pathway in PD-associated peritoneal injury. We intraperitoneally injected mAb 2H2 anti-C5b-7 (2.5 or 5 mg/rat) once or twice over the five-day course of the experiment to investigate the effects of inhibiting formation of MAC in a fungal rat peritonitis model caused by repeated intraperitoneal administration of zymosan after methylglyoxal pretreatment (Zy/MGO model). Rats were sacrificed on day 5 and macroscopic changes in both parietal and visceral peritoneum evaluated. Peritoneal thickness, the abundance of fibrinogen and complement C3 and MAC deposition in tissue and accumulation of inflammatory cells were pathologically assessed. The results showed that mAb 2H2, but not isotype control mAb, reduced peritoneal thickness and accumulation of inflammatory cells in a dose and frequency-dependent manner in the Zy/MGO model. These effects were accompanied by decreased C3, MAC, and fibrinogen deposition in peritoneum. In conclusion, in the rat Zy/MGO model, complement terminal pathway activation and MAC formation substantially contributed to development of peritoneal injuries, suggesting that MAC-targeted therapies might be effective in preventing development of peritoneal injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kamegai
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hangsoo Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sosuke Fukui
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kojima
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, and Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wioleta Milena Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity, and Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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2
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Liu L, Ge W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xie M, Zhao C, Yao C, Luo C, Wu Z, Wang W, Zhao D, Zhang J, Qiu W, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 triggers glomerular mesangial cell proliferation via enhancing FGF1 and PDGFα gene transcription mediated by GCN5-dependent SOX9 acetylation in rat Thy-1 nephritis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21751. [PMID: 34156114 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002814rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) is an animal model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), accompanied by glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Although sublytic C5b-9 formed on GMC membrane could induce cell proliferation, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that the level of SRY related HMG-BOX gene 9 (SOX9), general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and platelet-derived growth factor α (PDGFα) was all elevated both in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in the GMCs (in vitro) with sublytic C5b-9 stimulation. Then, we not only discovered that sublytic C5b-9 caused GMC proliferation through increasing SOX9, GCN5, FGF1 and PDGFα expression, but also proved that SOX9 and GCN5 formed a complex and combined with FGF1 and PDGFα promoters, leading to FGF1 and PDGFα gene transcription. More importantly, GCN5 could mediate SOX9 acetylation at lysine 62 (K62) to enhance SOX9 binding to FGF1 or PDGFα promoter and promote FGF1 or PDGFα synthesis and GMC proliferation. Besides, the experiments in vivo also showed that FGF1 and PDGFα expression, GMC proliferation and urinary protein secretion in Thy-1N rats were greatly reduced by silencing renal SOX9, GCN5, FGF1 or PDGFα gene. Furthermore, the renal tissues of MsPGN patients also exhibited positive expression of these genes mentioned above. Collectively, our findings indicate that GCN5, SOX9 and FGF1/PDGFα can form an axis and play an essential role in sublytic C5b-9-triggered GMC proliferation, which might provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis of Thy-1N and MsPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Wen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Luo
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Xie M, Wu Z, Ying S, Liu L, Zhao C, Yao C, Zhang Z, Luo C, Wang W, Zhao D, Zhang J, Qiu W, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 induces glomerular mesangial cell proliferation via ERK1/2-dependent SOX9 phosphorylation and acetylation by enhancing Cyclin D1 in rat Thy-1 nephritis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:572-590. [PMID: 33811247 PMCID: PMC8102557 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation is a histopathological alteration in human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) or in animal models of MsPGN, e.g., the rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) model. Although sublytic C5b-9 assembly on the GMC membrane can trigger cell proliferation, the mechanisms are still undefined. We found that sublytic C5b-9-induced rat GMC proliferation was driven by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), sry-related HMG-box 9 (SOX9), and Cyclin D1. Here, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was a result of the calcium influx-PKC-α-Raf-MEK1/2 axis activated by sublytic C5b-9, and Cyclin D1 gene transcription was enhanced by ERK1/2-dependent SOX9 binding to the Cyclin D1 promoter (-582 to -238 nt). In addition, ERK1/2 not only interacted with SOX9 in the cell nucleus to mediate its phosphorylation at serine residues 64 (a new site identified by mass spectrometry) and 181 (a known site), but also indirectly induced SOX9 acetylation by elevating the expression of general control non-repressed protein 5 (GCN5), which together resulted in Cyclin D1 synthesis and GMC proliferation. Moreover, our in vivo experiments confirmed that silencing these genes ameliorated the lesions of Thy-1N rats and reduced SOX9 phosphorylation, acetylation and Cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, the renal tissue sections of MsPGN patients also showed higher phosphorylation or expression of ERK1/2, SOX9, and Cyclin D1. In summary, these findings suggest that sublytic C5b-9-induced GMC proliferation in rat Thy-1N requires SOX9 phosphorylation and acetylation via enhanced Cyclin D1 gene transcription, which may provide a new insight into human MsPGN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Xie
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China ,grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Zhijiao Wu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Shuai Ying
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Longfei Liu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, One West Huanghe Road, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223300 China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Chunlei Yao
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Can Luo
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Dan Zhao
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Wen Qiu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
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4
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Yu T, Wang L, Zhao C, Qian B, Yao C, He F, Zhu Y, Cai M, Li M, Zhao D, Zhang J, Wang Y, Qiu W. Sublytic C5b-9 induces proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells via ERK5/MZF1/RGC-32 axis activated by FBXO28-TRAF6 complex. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5654-5671. [PMID: 31184423 PMCID: PMC6653533 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) is characterized by the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by glomerulosclerosis and renal failure of patients. Although our previous studies have demonstrated that sublytic C5b‐9 complex formed on the GMC membrane could trigger GMC proliferation and ECM expansion of rat Thy‐1 nephritis (Thy‐1N) as an animal model of MsPGN, their mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. In the present studies, we found that the levels of response gene to complement 32 (RGC‐32), myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1), phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 (phosphorylated ERK5, p‐ERK5), F‐box only protein 28 (FBXO28) and TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were all markedly up‐regulated both in the renal tissues of rats with Thy‐1N (in vivo) and in the GMCs upon sublytic C5b‐9 stimulation (in vitro). Further in vitro experiments revealed that up‐regulated FBXO28 and TRAF6 could form protein complex binding to ERK5 and enhance ERK5 K63‐ubiquitination and subsequent phosphorylation. Subsequently, ERK5 activation contributed to MZF1 expression and MZF1‐dependent RGC‐32 up‐regulation, finally resulting in GMC proliferative response. Furthermore, the MZF1‐binding element within RGC‐32 promoter and the functions of FBXO28 domains were identified. Additionally, knockdown of renal FBXO28, TRAF6, ERK5, MZF1 and RGC‐32 genes respectively markedly reduced GMC proliferation and ECM production in Thy‐1N rats. Together, these findings indicate that sublytic C5b‐9 induces GMC proliferative changes in rat Thy‐1N through ERK5/MZF1/RGC‐32 axis activated by the FBXO28‐TRAF6 complex, which might provide a new insight into MsPGN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baomei Qian
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Clinical Medical Science of the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Cai
- Clinical Medical Science of the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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5
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Kumar-Singh R. The role of complement membrane attack complex in dry and wet AMD - From hypothesis to clinical trials. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:266-277. [PMID: 31082363 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Data from human dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes support the hypothesis that constant 'tickover' of the alternative complement pathway results in chronic deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) on the choriocapillaris and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Sub-lytic levels of MAC lead to cell signaling associated with tissue remodeling and the production of cytokines and inflammatory molecules. Lytic levels of MAC lead to cell death. CD59 is a naturally occurring inhibitor of the assembly of MAC. CD59 may thus be therapeutically efficacious against the pathophysiology of dry and wet AMD. The first gene therapy clinical trial for geographic atrophy - the advanced form of dry AMD has recently completed recruitment. This trial is studying the safety and tolerability of expressing CD59 from an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector injected once into the vitreous. A second clinical trial assessing the efficacy of CD59 in wet AMD patients is also under way. Herein, the evidence for the role of MAC in the pathophysiology of dry as well as wet AMD and the scientific rationale underlying the use of AAV- delivered CD59 for the treatment of dry and wet AMD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar-Singh
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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6
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Zhang J, Xie M, Xia L, Yu T, He F, Zhao C, Qiu W, Zhao D, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yao C, Liu L, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 Induces IL-23 and IL-36a Production by Glomerular Mesangial Cells via PCAF-Mediated KLF4 Acetylation in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3184-3198. [PMID: 30404815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sublytic C5b-9 formation on glomerular mesangial cells in rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, but the relationship between sublytic C5b-9 and cytokine synthesis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To explore the problems mentioned above, in this study, we first examined the levels of proinflammatory ILs (e.g., IL-23 and IL-36a) as well as transcription factor (KLF4) and coactivator (PCAF) in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats and in the glomerular mesangial cell line (HBZY-1) stimulated by sublytic C5b-9. Then, we further determined the role of KLF4 and PCAF in sublytic C5b-9-induced IL-23 and IL-36a production as well as the related mechanism. Our results showed that the levels of KLF4, PCAF, IL-23, and IL-36a were obviously elevated. Mechanistic investigation revealed that sublytic C5b-9 stimulation could increase IL-23 and IL-36a synthesis through KLF4 and PCAF upregulation, and KLF4 and PCAF could form a complex, binding to the IL-23 or IL-36a promoter in a KLF4-dependent manner, causing gene transcription. Importantly, KLF4 acetylation by PCAF contributed to sublytic C5b-9-induced IL-23 and IL-36a transcription. Besides, the KLF4 binding regions on IL-23 or IL-36a promoters and the KLF4 lysine site acetylated by PCAF were identified. Furthermore, silencing renal KLF4 or PCAF gene could significantly inhibit IL-23 or IL-36a secretion and tissue damage of Thy-1N rats. Collectively, these findings implicate that the KLF4/PCAF interaction and KLF4 acetylation by PCAF play a pivotal role in the sublytic C5b-9-mediated IL-23 and IL-36a production of Thy-1N rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China;
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7
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Yang P, Skiba NP, Tewkesbury GM, Treboschi VM, Baciu P, Jaffe GJ. Complement-Mediated Regulation of Apolipoprotein E in Cultured Human RPE Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632844 PMCID: PMC5482245 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Complement activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and complement activation products such as membrane attack complex (MAC) are present in eyes of individuals with AMD. Herein, we investigated the effect of complement activation on induction of ApoE accumulation in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Methods. Cultured human RPE cells were primed with a complement-fixing antibody followed by treatment with C1q-depleted (C1q-Dep) human serum to elicit alternative pathway complement activation. Controls included anti-C5 antibody-treated serum and heat-inactivated C1q-Dep. Total protein was determined on RPE cell extracts, conditioned media, and extracellular matrix (ECM) by Western blot. ApoE and MAC colocalization was assessed on cultured RPE cells and human eyes by immunofluorescent stain. ApoE mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results. Complement challenge upregulated cell-associated ApoE, but not apolipoprotein A1. ApoE accumulation was blocked by anti-C5 antibody and enhanced by repetitive complement challenge. ApoE mRNA levels were not affected by complement challenge. ApoE was frequently colocalized with MAC in complement-treated cells and drusen from human eyes. ApoE was released into complement-treated conditioned media after a single complement challenge and accumulated on ECM after repetitive complement challenge. Conclusions. Complement challenge induces time-dependent ApoE accumulation in RPE cells. An understanding of the mechanisms by which complement affects RPE ApoE accumulation may help to better explain drusen composition, and provide insights into potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nikolai P Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Grace M Tewkesbury
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Victoria M Treboschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Peter Baciu
- Department of Biology, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California, United States
| | - Glenn J Jaffe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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8
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Zhu G, Qiu W, Li Y, Zhao C, He F, Zhou M, Wang L, Zhao D, Lu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yu T, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 Induces Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis through the Cascade Pathway of MEKK2-p38 MAPK-IRF-1-TRADD-Caspase 8 in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1104-1118. [PMID: 28039298 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in the early phase of rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), is primarily triggered by sublytic C5b-9. However, the mechanism of GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that expressions of TNFR1-associated death domain-containing protein (TRADD) and IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) were simultaneously upregulated in the renal tissue of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in GMCs under sublytic C5b-9 stimulation (in vitro). In vitro, TRADD was confirmed to be a downstream gene of IRF-1, because IRF-1 could bind to TRADD gene promoter to promote its transcription, leading to caspase 8 activation and GMC apoptosis. Increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was verified to contribute to IRF-1 and TRADD production and caspase 8 activation, as well as to GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9. Furthermore, phosphorylation of MEK kinase 2 (MEKK2) mediated p38 MAPK activation. More importantly, three sites (Ser153/164/239) of MEKK2 phosphorylation were identified and demonstrated to be necessary for p38 MAPK activation. In addition, silencing of renal MEKK2, IRF-1, and TRADD genes or inhibition of p38 MAPK activation in vivo had obvious inhibitory effects on GMC apoptosis, secondary proliferation, and urinary protein secretion in rats with Thy-1N. Collectively, these findings indicate that the cascade axis of MEKK2-p38 MAPK-IRF-1-TRADD-caspase 8 may play an important role in GMC apoptosis following exposure to sublytic C5b-9 in rat Thy-1N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganqian Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongting Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; .,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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9
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Ji M, Lu Y, Zhao C, Gao W, He F, Zhang J, Zhao D, Qiu W, Wang Y. C5a Induces the Synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-α in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells through MAPK Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161867. [PMID: 27583546 PMCID: PMC5008626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response has been reported to contribute to the renal lesions in rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) as an animal model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). Besides C5b-9 complex, C5a is also a potent pro-inflammatory mediator and correlated to severity of various nephritic diseases. However, the role of C5a in mediating pro-inflammatory cytokine production in rats with Thy-1N is poorly defined. In the present studies, the levels of C5a, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were first determined in the renal tissues of rats with Thy-1N. Then, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was detected in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) stimulated with our recombinant rat C5a in vitro. Subsequently, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK) and their roles in the regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α production were examined in the GMC induced by C5a. The results showed that the levels of C5a, IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly increased in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats. Rat C5a stimulation in vitro could up-regulate the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in rat GMC, and the activation of MAPK signaling pathways was involved in the induction of IL-6 and TNF-α. Mechanically, p38 MAPK activation promoted IL-6 production, while either ERK1/2 or JNK activation promoted TNF-α production in the GMC with exposure to C5a. Taken together, these data implicate that C5a induces the synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-α in rat GMC through the activation of MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Ji
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Basic Medical Science of Basic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
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10
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Zhang CJ, Zhao D, Yin X, Zhang H, Ma L, Chen JP, Liu C, Yang XP. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on proliferation and apoptosis of human glomerular mesangial cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2659-66. [PMID: 27398149 PMCID: PMC4931160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human glomerular mesangial cells. METHODS Human glomerular mesangial cells were cultured for 48 h and randomly divided into four groups, normal control group (N group), proliferation group (EGF group ), vitamin D3 intervention group (VD3 group), proliferation intervention group (EGF+VD3 group ). Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis rate, and Western blot was used to detect the PCNA and Caspases-3 expression. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on human mesangial cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. RESULTS Compared with the control group, G1 phase cells in EGF group were significantly reduced, S, G2/M phase cells were increased, and the higher PI and PCNA expression levels were increased; G1 phase cells in VD3 group were increased, S, G2/M phase cells were decreased, and the lower PI and PCNA expression levels were reduced. Compared with EGF group, G1 phase cells in EGF+VD3 group were increased, S, G2/M phase cells were decreased, and the lower PI and PCNA expression levels were significantly reduced. Compared with normal control group, the apoptosis rate in EGF group was significantly lower, and the Caspase-3 expression level was reduced; the apoptosis rate in VD3 group was significantly higher, and Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased. Compared with EGF group, the apoptotic rate of mesangial cells in EGF+VD3 group was significantly increased, and the Caspase-3 expression level was increased, with significant difference. CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the proliferation of mesangial cells and induced their apoptosis by blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting expression of PCNA, and upregulating Caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityXinjiang 832000, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityXinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xuan Yin
- Medical College of Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Medical College of Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Li Ma
- Medical College of Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Medical College of Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityXinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityXinjiang 832000, China
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11
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Towner LD, Wheat RA, Hughes TR, Morgan BP. Complement Membrane Attack and Tumorigenesis: A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14927-38. [PMID: 27226542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development driven by inflammation is now an established phenomenon, but the role that complement plays remains uncertain. Recent evidence has suggested that various components of the complement (C) cascade may influence tumor development in disparate ways; however, little attention has been paid to that of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This is despite abundant evidence documenting the effects of this complex on cell behavior, including cell activation, protection from/induction of apoptosis, release of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and ECM components and regulators, and the triggering of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here we present a novel approach to this issue by using global gene expression studies in conjunction with a systems biology analysis. Using network analysis of MAC-responsive expression changes, we demonstrate a cluster of co-regulated genes known to have impact in the extracellular space and on the supporting stroma and with well characterized tumor-promoting roles. Network analysis highlighted the central role for EGF receptor activation in mediating the observed responses to MAC exposure. Overall, the study sheds light on the mechanisms by which sublytic MAC causes tumor cell responses and exposes a gene expression signature that implicates MAC as a driver of tumor progression. These findings have implications for understanding of the roles of complement and the MAC in tumor development and progression, which in turn will inform future therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence D Towner
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Wheat
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - B Paul Morgan
- From the Complement Biology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
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12
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He F, Zhou M, Yu T, Zhao D, Zhang J, Qiu W, Lu Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 triggers glomerular mesangial cell apoptosis in rat Thy-1 nephritis via Gadd45 activation mediated by Egr-1 and p300-dependent ATF3 acetylation. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:477-491. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Song RX, Zou QM, Li XH, Xu NP, Zhang T, Fu J, Cui XD. Plasma MASP-1 concentration and its relationship to recovery from coronary artery lesion in children with Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:301-7. [PMID: 26536449 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated prognostic factors for early recovery of coronary artery lesion (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). METHODS Patients hospitalized for KD were enrolled less than 2 wk from the onset of illness and divided into two groups: KD with CAL and KD without CAL. The CAL group was further divided into two subgroups according to the degree of CAL: mild (n = 31) and moderate/severe (n = 6) and further divided into two subgroups according to the age: younger than 1 y (n = 9) and older than 1 y (n = 28). Lectin pathway-related factors MASP-1, CD59, and C5b-9 were measured, along with C-reactive protein, white blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count. Patients were followed up for 3 mo. Correlation between the measured factors and the length of time of recovery from CAL was analyzed. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of MASP-1 in the CAL group were significantly lower than those without CAL. MASP-1 and gender positively correlated with the recovery time of CAL. There was no difference in MASP-1 between mild and moderate/severe CAL. At 3-mo follow-up, there was a positive correlation between plasma MASP-1 concentration and recovery time of the patients with CAL older than 1 y. CONCLUSION Plasma MASP-1 concentration at the early stage of KD is predictive of length of time of recovery from CAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Mei Zou
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-Ping Xu
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Clinical Center Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dai Cui
- Clinical Center Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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14
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Sakr S, Rashed L, Zarouk W, El-Shamy R. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on anti-Thy1,1 induced kidney injury in albino rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 3:174-81. [PMID: 23620833 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rats with anti-Thy1,1 nephritis. METHODS Female albino rats were divided into three groups, control group, anti-Thy1,1 group and treatment with i.v. MSCs group. MSCs were derived from bone marrow of male albino rats, Y-chromosome gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the kidney. Serum urea and creatinine were estimated for all groups. Kidney of all studied groups was examined histologically and histochemically (total carbohydrates and total proteins). DNA fragmentation and expression of α-SMA were detected. RESULTS Kidney of animals injected with anti-Thy1,1 showed inflammatory leucocytic infiltration, hypertrophied glomeruli, tubular necrosis and congestion in the renal blood vessels. The kidney tissue also showed reduction of carbohydrates and total proteins together with increase in apoptosis and in expression of α-SMA. Moreover, the levels of urea and creatinine were elevated. Treating animals with MSCs revealed that kidney tissue displayed an improvement in the histological and histochemical changes. Apoptosis and α-SMA expression were decreased, and the levels of urea and creatinine decreased. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results demonstrated the potential of MSCs to ameliorate the structure and function of the kidney in rats with anti-Thy1,1 nephritis possibly through the release of paracrine growth factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Sakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt
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15
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Huang Q, Wen S, Wang B, Wang Q, Guo C, Wu X, Zhang R, Yang R, Chen F, Xiao W. C5b-9-targeted molecular MR imaging in rats with Heymann nephritis: a new approach in the evaluation of nephrotic syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121244. [PMID: 25774523 PMCID: PMC4361404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the major cause of adult nephrotic syndrome, which severely affects patients’ quality of life. Currently, percutaneous renal biopsy is required to definitively diagnose MN. However, this technique is invasive and may cause severe complications. Therefore, an urgent clinical need exists for dynamic noninvasive monitoring of the renal state. In-depth molecular imaging studies could assist in finding a solution. Membrane attack complex C5b-9 is the key factor in the development of MN, and this protein primarily deposits in the glomerulus. The present study bound polyclonal antibodies to C5b-9 with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles to obtain C5b-9-targeted magnetic resonance molecular imaging probes. The probes were injected intravenously into rats with Heymann nephritis, a classic disease model of MN. The signal intensity in the T2*-weighted imaging of kidneys in vivo using 7.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging decreased significantly 24 hours after injection compared to the untargeted and control groups. This signal change was consistent with the finding of nanoparticle deposits in pathological glomeruli. This study demonstrated a novel molecular imaging technique for the assessment of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuangen Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (WX)
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (WX)
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16
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Wu L, Chen X, Mei Y, Hong Q, Feng Z, Lv Y, Wen J, Liu X, Cai G, Chen X. CXCL10 expression induced by Mxi1 inactivation induces mesangial cell apoptosis in mouse Habu nephritis. Cell Signal 2015; 27:943-50. [PMID: 25683914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MAX interactor 1 (Mxi1) proteins are c-myc antagonists that primarily exert their biological functions by inhibiting Myc-dependent gene transcription. In this study, Mxi1(-/-) mice were used to generate a model of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis for the first time. In the present study, we demonstrated that Mxi1(-/-) mice exhibited a more typical and severe pathological phenotype, which was displayed primarily as a noticeable dissolution phenotype with a higher proportion of apoptotic cells and higher chemokine CXCL10 expression during the early days of modeling, compared with wild-type mice. Additionally, we determined that IRF3-mediated TLR4 signaling was likely involved in regulating CXCL10 expression, which might participate in the mesangial dissolution process. We also found increases in CXCL10 expression, caspase 3 activation, and the proportion of apoptotic cells when Mxi1 expression was inhibited in mouse mesangial cells. Furthermore, the proportion of apoptotic cells decreased after inhibiting CXCL10 expression. Therefore, we concluded that the mesangial cell apoptosis observed in this mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis model was related to CXCL10 expression induced by Mxi1 inactivation. This finding provides a new theoretical basis for the mechanism of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis progression and reveals potential intervention targets for the early treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China; Medical College, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China; Medical College, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China
| | - Xiaoluan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, China.
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Cantaluppi V, Medica D, Mannari C, Stiaccini G, Figliolini F, Dellepiane S, Quercia AD, Migliori M, Panichi V, Giovannini L, Bruno S, Tetta C, Biancone L, Camussi G. Endothelial progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect from complement-mediated mesangial injury in experimental anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:410-22. [PMID: 25488895 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are known to induce tissue repair by paracrine mechanisms including the release of growth factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoparticles able to carry proteins and genetic information to target cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether EVs derived from EPCs may protect from complement-mediated mesangial injury in experimental anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis. METHODS EVs were isolated by serial ultracentrifugation from supernatants of cultured human EPCs and characterized for their protein and RNA content. In vivo, EVs were injected i.v. in the experimental rat model of mesangiolytic anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis evaluating renal function, proteinuria, complement activity and histological lesions. In vitro, the biological effects of EPC-derived EVs were studied in cultured rat mesangial cells incubated with anti-Thy1.1 antibody and rat or human serum as complement source. RESULTS After i.v. injection in Thy1.1-treated rats, EVs localized within injured glomeruli and inhibited mesangial cell activation, leucocyte infiltration and apoptosis, decreased proteinuria, increased serum complement haemolytic activity (CH50) and ameliorated renal function. EV treatment decreased intraglomerular deposition of the membrane attack complex (MAC or C5b-9) and expression of smooth muscle cell actin and preserved the endothelial antigen RECA-1 and the podocyte marker synaptopodin. The protective effect of EVs was significantly reduced by pre-treatment with a high dose of RNase (1 U/mL), suggesting a key role for EV-carried RNAs in these mechanisms. Indeed, EPC-derived EVs contained different mRNAs coding for several anti-apoptotic molecules and for the complement inhibitors Factor H, CD55 and CD59 and the related proteins. The in vitro experiments aimed to investigate the mechanisms of EV protection indicated that EVs transferred to mesangial cell mRNAs coding for Factor H, CD55 and CD59 and inhibited anti-Thy1.1 antibody/complement-induced apoptosis and C5b-9/C3 mesangial cell deposition. CONCLUSIONS EVs derived from EPCs exert a protective effect in Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis by inhibition of antibody- and complement-mediated injury of mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Medica
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Federico Figliolini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sergio Dellepiane
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Domenico Quercia
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Panichi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Ospedale Versilia, Camaiore, LU, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bruno
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ciro Tetta
- EMEALA Medical Board, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Experimental Medical Research (CeRMS), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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18
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Liu X, He F, Pang R, Zhao D, Qiu W, Shan K, Zhang J, Lu Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-induced microRNA 873 (miR-873) contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting A20 ubiquitin-editing enzyme. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28971-86. [PMID: 25183005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.577429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17), produced mainly by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, is increasingly recognized as a key regulator in various autoimmune diseases, including human multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although several microRNAs (miRNAs) with aberrant expression have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of abnormal miRNA expression in astrocytes upon IL-17 stimulation remain unclear. In the present study, we detected the changes of miRNA expression profiles both in the brain tissue of EAE mice and in cultured mouse primary astrocytes stimulated with IL-17 and identified miR-873 as one of the co-up-regulated miRNAs in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of miR-873, demonstrated by targeting A20 (TNFα-induced protein 3, TNFAIP3), remarkably reduced the A20 level and promoted NF-κB activation in vivo and in vitro as well as increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (i.e. IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-2, and MCP-1/5). More importantly, silencing the endogenous miR-873 or A20 gene with lentiviral vector of miR-873 sponge (LV-miR-873 sponge) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of A20 (LV-A20 shRNA) in vivo significantly lessened or aggravated inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of EAE mice, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-873 induced by IL-17 stimulation promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines and aggravates the pathological process of EAE mice through the A20/NF-κB pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanism of inflammatory damage in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fengxia He
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rongrong Pang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kai Shan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Li
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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19
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Qiao Q, Teng X, Wang N, Lu R, Guo L, Zhang X, Du Y, Wang W, Chen S, Wu Q, He G, Wang Y, Hu W. A novel CRIg-targeted complement inhibitor protects cells from complement damage. FASEB J 2014; 28:4986-99. [PMID: 25114177 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inappropriate activation of complement may contribute to various immune diseases. The alternative pathway (AP) predominates during complement activation regardless of the initiating pathways. Hence, the main AP regulator factor H (FH) holds great potential as an attractive therapeutic intervention. In addition, complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) has been demonstrated to inhibit AP and, more notably, still specifically binds to C3b/iC3b. We thus developed novel CRIg-targeted complement inhibitors by connecting the functional domains of CRIg and FH, which we termed CRIg-FH and CRIg-L-FH. CRIg-L-FH, slightly more potent than CRIg-FH, considerably inhibited both AP- and also classical pathway (CP)-mediated hemolysis and successfully eliminated the deposition of C3b/iC3b. Kinetic analysis further revealed that the binding affinity constant (KD) of CRIg/FH was in the micromolar range, consistent with its long-lasting binding to complement-attacked cells. CRIg-L-FH efficiently protected aberrant erythrocytes of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) from AP- and CP-mediated complement damage (IC50 was 22.43 and 64.69 nM, respectively). Moreover, CRIg-L-FH was found to inhibit complement activation induced by the anti-Thy1 antibody in a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) rat model. Hence, CRIg-L-FH protects glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) from complement-mediated injury and proliferative lesions. These findings strongly suggest that CRIg/FH is a potential therapeutic drug candidate for a range of complement-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiao
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Xiaoyan Teng
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Na Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Renquan Lu
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Lin Guo
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Yiqun Du
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hematostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and
| | - Suning Chen
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hematostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and
| | - Qian Wu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hematostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and
| | - Guangsheng He
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hematostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;
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20
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Abstract
Complement activation and recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes is an important defense mechanism against bacterial infection. However, complement also can mediate cellular injury and contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. With the appreciation that the C5b-9 membrane attack complex can injure cells in the absence of leukocytes, a role for the terminal complement pathway in inducing cell injury and kidney disease was shown in several experimental models, including the rat passive Heymann nephritis model of human membranous nephropathy. In podocytes, sublytic C5b-9 activates a variety of downstream pathways including protein kinases, lipid metabolism, reactive oxygen species, growth factors/gene transcription, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and it impacts the integrity of the cytoskeleton and slit diaphragm proteins. C5b-9 also injures other kidney cells, including mesangial, glomerular endothelial, and tubular epithelial cells, and it contributes to the pathogenesis of mesangial-proliferative glomerulonephritis, thrombotic microangiopathy, and acute kidney injury. Conversely, certain C5b-9 signals limit complement-induced injury, or promote recovery of cells. In addition to C5b-9, complement cleavage products, such as C5a and C1q, can injure kidney cells. Thus, the complement system contributes to various kidney pathologies by causing cellular damage in both an inflammation-dependent and inflammation-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takano
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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21
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Qiu W, Zhou J, Zhu G, Zhao D, He F, Zhang J, Lu Y, Yu T, Liu L, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 triggers glomerular mesangial cell apoptosis via XAF1 gene activation mediated by p300-dependent IRF-1 acetylation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1176. [PMID: 24743731 PMCID: PMC4001307 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), is accompanied by sublytic C5b-9 deposition. However, the mechanism by which sublytic C5b-9 induces GMC apoptosis is unclear. In the present studies, the effect of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 (XAF1) expression on GMC apoptosis and the role of p300 and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in mediating XAF1 gene activation were determined, both in the GMCs induced by sublytic C5b-9 (in vitro) and in the renal tissues of rats with Thy-1N (in vivo). The in vitro studies demonstrated that IRF-1-enhanced XAF1 gene activation and its regulation by p300-mediated IRF-1 acetylation were involved in GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9. The element of IRF-1 binding to XAF1 promoter and two acetylated sites of IRF-1 protein were also revealed. In vivo, silence of p300, IRF-1 or XAF1 genes in the renal tissues diminished GMC apoptosis and secondary GMC proliferation as well as urinary protein secretion in Thy-1N rats. Together, these data implicate that sublytic C5b-9 induces the expression of both p300 and IRF-1, as well as p300-dependent IRF-1 acetylation that may contribute to XAF1 gene activation and subsequent GMC apoptosis in Thy-1N rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - D Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - F He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - T Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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22
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Lonze BE, Zachary AA, Magro CM, Desai NM, Orandi BJ, Dagher NN, Singer AL, Carter-Monroe N, Nazarian SM, Segev DL, Streiff MB, Montgomery RA. Eculizumab prevents recurrent antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and enables successful renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:459-65. [PMID: 24400968 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Renal transplantation in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies has historically proven challenging due to increased risk for thrombosis and allograft failure. This is especially true for patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) and its rare subtype, the catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (CAPS). Since a critical mechanism of thrombosis in APS/CAPS is one mediated by complement activation, we hypothesized that preemptive treatment with the terminal complement inhibitor, eculizumab, would reduce the extent of vascular injury and thrombosis, enabling renal transplantation for patients in whom it would otherwise be contraindicated. Three patients with APS, two with a history of CAPS, were treated with continuous systemic anticoagulation together with eculizumab prior to and following live donor renal transplantation. Two patients were also sensitized to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and required plasmapheresis for reduction of donor-specific antibodies. After follow-up ranging from 4 months to 4 years, all patients have functioning renal allografts. No systemic thrombotic events or early graft losses were observed. While the appropriate duration of treatment remains to be determined, this case series suggests that complement inhibitors such as eculizumab may prove to be effective in preventing the recurrence of APS after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Lonze
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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23
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Zhang J, Li Y, Shan K, Wang L, Qiu W, Lu Y, Zhao D, Zhu G, He F, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 induces IL-6 and TGF-β1 production by glomerular mesangial cells in rat Thy-1 nephritis through p300-mediated C/EBPβ acetylation. FASEB J 2013; 28:1511-25. [PMID: 24344329 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-242693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ)-enhanced IL-6 and TGF-β1 promoter activity and p300-mediated C/EBPβ acetylation were involved in up-regulation of IL-6 and TGF-β1 expression in GMCs attacked by sublytic C5b-9. In detail, the elements of C/EBPβ binding to rat IL-6 and TGF-β1 promoter and 3 acetylated sites of rat C/EBPβ protein were first revealed. Furthermore, silencing the p300 or C/EBPβ gene in rat kidney significantly reduced the production of IL-6 and TGF-β1 and renal lesions in Thy-1N rats. Together, these data indicate that the mechanism of IL-6 and TGF-β1 production in renal tissue of Thy-1N rats is associated with sublytic C5b-9 up-regulated p300 and p300-mediated C/EBPβ acetylation as well as C/EBPβ-activated IL-6 and TGF-β1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Rd. 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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24
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Magro CM, Wang X, Garrett-Bakelman F, Laurence J, Shapiro LS, DeSancho MT. The effects of Eculizumab on the pathology of malignant atrophic papulosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:185. [PMID: 24279613 PMCID: PMC3879088 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Degos disease is a frequently fatal and incurable occlusive vasculopathy most commonly affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract and brain. Vascular C5b-9 deposition and a type I interferon (IFN) rich microenvironment are held to be pathogenetically important in the evolution of the vascular changes. We recently discovered the use of eculizumab as a salvage drug in the treatment of near fatal Malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP). The effects of eculizumab on the pathology of MAP are explored. Methods Archival skin and gastrointestinal biopsy material was procured over a 2.5-year period before and after eculizumab therapy in our index case. Routine light microscopy and immunohistochemical assessment for C3d, C4d, C5b-9, MxA and caspase 3 were examined. Direct immunofluorescent studies were also conducted on select biopsy material. Results The patient had received eculizumab as a emergent life saving measure and following rapid improvement he continued with biweekly infusions for 4 years. Although improved he continues to have signs and symptoms of persistent abdominal disease. Pre-Eculizumab biopsies showed an active thrombotic microangiopathy associated with a high type I interferon signature and extensive vascular deposits of C5b-9 in skin and gastrointestinal biopsies. Endothelial cell apoptosis as revealed by Caspase 3 expression was noted. Inflammation comprising lymphocytes and macrophages along with mesenchymal mucin was observed as well. Post-eculizumab biopsies did not show active luminal thrombosis but only chronic sequelae of prior episodes of vascular injury. There was no discernible caspase 3 expression. After 12 months of therapy, C5b-9 was no longer detectable in tissue. The high type I IFN signature and inflammation along with mucin deposition was not altered by the drug. In addition, there was little effect of the drug on the occlusive fibrointimal arteriopathy which appears to be one characterized by extensive myofibroblastic expansion of the intima potentially as revealed by staining for smooth muscle actin without immunoreactivity for desmin and myogenin. Conclusions Complement activation and enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis play an important role in the thrombotic complications of MAP. However, the larger vessel proliferative intimal changes appear to be independent of complement activation and may be on the basis of other upstream mechanisms. Monitoring C5b-9 deposition in tissue is likely not of great value in assessing treatment response to eculizumab given the persistence of C5b-9 in tissue for several months despite clinically effective C5 blocking therapy. A more integrated approach addressing upstream and downstream pathways in addition to those attributable to complement activation are critical for the successful treatment of MAP. Eculizumab may be used as salvage therapy in critically ill patients with thrombotic microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Magro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Box 58, Room F-309, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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25
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Liu X, Ru J, Zhang J, Zhu LH, Liu M, Li X, Tang H. miR-23a targets interferon regulatory factor 1 and modulates cellular proliferation and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64707. [PMID: 23785404 PMCID: PMC3677940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that function as key regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In our previous research, we found that miR-23a was significantly up-regulated in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that miR-23a suppresses paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and promotes the cell proliferation and colony formation ability of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. We have identified tumor suppressor interferon regulator factor 1 (IRF1) as a direct target gene of miR-23a. We performed a fluorescent reporter assay to confirm that miR-23a bound to the IRF1 mRNA 3′UTR directly and specifically. The ectopic expression of IRF1 markedly promoted paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and inhibited cell viability and colony formation ability, whereas the knockdown of IRF1 had the opposite effects. The restoration of IRF1 expression counteracted the effects of miR-23a on the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and cell proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that miR-23a is frequently up-regulated in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, whereas IRF1 is down-regulated in cancer tissues. Altogether, these results indicate that miR-23a suppresses paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and promotes cell viability and the colony formation ability of gastric adenocarcinoma cells by targeting IRF1 at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ru
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-hua Zhu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Leslie JD, Mayor R. Complement in animal development: unexpected roles of a highly conserved pathway. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:39-46. [PMID: 23665279 PMCID: PMC3989114 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The complement pathway is most famous for its role in immunity, orchestrating an exquisitely refined system for immune surveillance. At its core lies a cascade of proteolytic events that ultimately serve to recognise microbes, infected cells or debris and target them for elimination. Mounting evidence has shown that a number of the proteolytic intermediaries in this cascade have, in themselves, other functions in the body, signalling through receptors to drive events that appear to be unrelated to immune surveillance. It seems, then, that the complement system not only functions as an immunological effector, but also has cell-cell signalling properties that are utilised by a number of non-immunological processes. In this review we examine a number of these processes in the context of animal development, all of which share a requirement for precise control of cell behaviour in time and space. As we will see, the scope of the complement system's function is indeed much greater than we might have imagined only a few years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Leslie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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27
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Novel roles of complement in renal diseases and their therapeutic consequences. Kidney Int 2013; 84:441-50. [PMID: 23615508 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system functions as a part of the innate immune system. Inappropriate activation of the complement pathways has a deleterious effect on kidneys. Recent advances in complement research have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury associated with complement activation. A new disease entity termed 'C3 glomerulopathy' has recently been proposed and is characterized by isolated C3 deposition in glomeruli without positive staining for immunoglobulins. Genetic and functional studies have demonstrated that several different mutations and disease variants, as well as the generation of autoantibodies, are potentially associated with its pathogenesis. The data from comprehensive analyses suggest that complement dysregulation can also be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and more common glomerular diseases, such as IgA nephropathy and diabetic kidney disease. In addition, animal studies utilizing genetically modified mice have begun to elucidate the molecular pathomechanisms associated with the complement system. From a diagnostic point of view, a noninvasive, MRI-based method for detecting C3 has recently been developed to serve as a novel tool for diagnosing complement-mediated kidney diseases. While novel therapeutic tools related to complement regulation are emerging, studies evaluating the precise roles of the complement system in kidney diseases will still be useful for developing new therapeutic approaches.
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28
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Hochane M, Raison D, Coquard C, Imhoff O, Massfelder T, Moulin B, Helwig JJ, Barthelmebs M. Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a mitogenic and a survival factor of mesangial cells from male mice: role of intracrine and paracrine pathways. Endocrinology 2013; 154:853-64. [PMID: 23284101 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis is characterized by the proliferation and apoptosis of mesangial cells (MC). The parathyroid-hormone related protein (PTHrP) is a locally active cytokine that affects these phenomena in many cell types, through either paracrine or intracrine pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both PTHrP pathways on MC proliferation and apoptosis. In vitro studies were based on MC from male transgenic mice allowing PTHrP-gene excision by a CreLoxP system. MC were also transfected with different PTHrP constructs: wild type PTHrP, PTHrP devoid of its signal peptide, or of its nuclear localization sequence. The results showed that PTHrP deletion in MC reduced their proliferation even in the presence of serum and increased their apoptosis when serum-deprived. PTH1R activation by PTHrP(1-36) or PTH(1-34) had no effect on proliferation but improved MC survival. Transfection of MC with PTHrP devoid of its signal peptide significantly increased their proliferation and minimally reduced their apoptosis. Overexpression of PTHrP devoid of its nuclear localization sequence protected cells from apoptosis without changing their proliferation. Wild type PTHrP transfection conferred both mitogenic and survival effects, which seem independent of midregion and C-terminal PTHrP fragments. PTHrP-induced MC proliferation was associated with p27(Kip1) down-regulation and c-Myc/E2F1 up-regulation. PTHrP increased MC survival through the activation of cAMP/protein kinase A and PI3-K/Akt pathways. These results reveal that PTHrP is a cytokine of multiple roles in MC, acting as a mitogenic factor only through an intracrine pathway, and reducing apoptosis mainly through the paracrine pathway. Thus, PTHrP appears as a probable actor in MC injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazène Hochane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U682, Equipe Cancer du Rein et Physiopathologie Rénale, Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, F-67085 Strasbourg, France.
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