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Zhu B, Ouda R, An N, Tanaka T, Kobayashi KS. The balance between nuclear import and export of NLRC5 regulates MHC class I transactivation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107205. [PMID: 38519032 PMCID: PMC11044055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules play an essential role in regulating the adaptive immune system by presenting antigens to CD8 T cells. CITA (MHC class I transactivator), also known as NLRC5 (NLR family, CARD domain-containing 5), regulates the expression of MHC class I and essential components involved in the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. While the critical role of the nuclear distribution of NLRC5 in its transactivation activity has been known, the regulatory mechanism to determine the nuclear localization of NLRC5 remains poorly understood. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of all domains in NLRC5 revealed that the regulatory mechanisms for nuclear import and export of NLRC5 coexist and counterbalance each other. Moreover, GCN5 (general control non-repressed 5 protein), a member of HATs (histone acetyltransferases), was found to be a key player to retain NLRC5 in the nucleus, thereby contributing to the expression of MHC class I. Therefore, the balance between import and export of NLRC5 has emerged as an additional regulatory mechanism for MHC class I transactivation, which would be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and virus-infected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryota Ouda
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ning An
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi S Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA.
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang L, He D, Zhao L, Miao Z, Cheng W, Zhu C, Zhu L, Zhang W, Jin H, Zhu H, Pan H. IRF1 governs the expression of SMARCC1 via the GCN5-SETD2 axis and actively engages in the advancement of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2024; 45:211-225. [PMID: 38586591 PMCID: PMC10997872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in the immune system and can be found in various tissues, including joints. Research on the relationship between OA and macrophages is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of OA. Objective This study was performed to analyze the functions of the IRF1-GCN5-SETD2-SMARCC1 axis in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Methods A single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset, was subjected to a comprehensive analysis aiming to identify potential regulators implicated in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). In order to investigate the role of IRF1 and SMARCC1, knockdown experiments were conducted in both OA-induced rats and interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, followed by the assessment of OA-like symptoms, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and polarization of macrophages. Furthermore, the study delved into the identification of aberrant epigenetic modifications and functional enzymes responsible for the regulation of SMARCC1 by IRF1. To evaluate the clinical significance of the factors under scrutiny, a cohort comprising 13 patients diagnosed with OA and 7 fracture patients without OA was included in the analysis. Results IRF1 was found to exert regulatory control over the expression of SMARCC1, thus playing a significant role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The knockdown of either IRF1 or SMARCC1 disrupted the pro-inflammatory effects induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes, leading to a mitigation of OA-like symptoms, including inflammatory infiltration, cartilage degradation, and tissue injury, in rat models. Additionally, this intervention resulted in a reduction in the predominance of M1 macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Significant epigenetic modifications, such as abundant H3K27ac and H3K4me3 marks, were observed near the SMARCC1 promoter and 10 kb upstream region. These modifications were attributed to the recruitment of GCN5 and SETD2, which are functional enzymes responsible for these modifications. Remarkably, the overexpression of either GCN5 or SETD2 restored SMARCC1 expression in rat cartilages or chondrocytes, consequently exacerbating the OA-like symptoms. Conclusion This research postulates that the transcriptional activity of SMARCC1 can be influenced by IRF1 through the recruitment of GCN5 and SETD2, consequently regulating the H3K27ac and H3K4me3 modifications in close proximity to the SMARCC1 promoter and 10 kb upstream region. These modifications, in turn, facilitate the M1 skewing of macrophages and contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The Translational Potential of this Article The study demonstrated that the regulation of SMARCC1 by IRF1 plays a crucial role in the development of OA. Knocking down either IRF1 or SMARCC1 disrupted the pro-inflammatory effects induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes, leading to a mitigation of OA-like symptoms in rat models. These symptoms included inflammatory infiltration, cartilage degradation, and tissue injury. These findings suggest that targeting the IRF1-SMARCC1 regulatory axis, as well as the associated epigenetic modifications, could potentially be a novel approach in the development of OA therapies, offering new opportunities for disease management and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Huanding Road NO 1630, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Tiyuchang Road NO 453, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Hangzhou Lin'an District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Liangping Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Du He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhimin Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Huanding Road NO 1630, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chengyue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Huanding Road NO 1630, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Tiyuchang Road NO 453, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Huanding Road NO 1630, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Huanding Road NO 1630, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Tiyuchang Road NO 453, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Lucky AB, Wang C, Shakri AR, Kalamuddin M, Chim-Ong A, Li X, Miao J. Plasmodium falciparum GCN5 plays a key role in regulating artemisinin resistance-related stress responses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0057723. [PMID: 37702516 PMCID: PMC10583690 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe malaria and is exposed to various environmental and physiological stresses in the human host. Given that GCN5 plays a critical role in regulating stress responses in model organisms, we aimed to elucidate PfGCN5's function in stress responses in P. falciparum. The protein level of PfGCN5 was substantially induced under three stress conditions [heat shock, low glucose starvation, and dihydroartemisinin, the active metabolite of artemisinin (ART)]. With a TetR-DOZI conditional knockdown (KD) system, we successfully down-regulated PfGCN5 to ~50% and found that KD parasites became more sensitive to all three stress conditions. Transcriptomic analysis via RNA-seq identified ~1,000 up- and down-regulated genes in the wild-type (WT) and KD parasites under these stress conditions. Importantly, DHA induced transcriptional alteration of many genes involved in many aspects of stress responses, which were heavily shared among the altered genes under heat shock and low glucose conditions, including ART-resistance-related genes such as K13 and coronin. Based on the expression pattern between WT and KD parasites under three stress conditions, ~300-400 genes were identified to be involved in PfGCN5-dependent, general, and stress-condition-specific responses with high levels of overlaps among three stress conditions. Notably, using ring-stage survival assay, we found that KD or inhibition of PfGCN5 could sensitize the ART-resistant parasites to the DHA treatment. All these indicate that PfGCN5 is pivotal in regulating general and ART-resistance-related stress responses in malaria parasites, implicating PfGCN5 as a potential target for malaria intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amuza Byaruhanga Lucky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chengqi Wang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmad Rushdi Shakri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammad Kalamuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anongruk Chim-Ong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Li J, Cao Y, Yang Y, Ma H, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu N. Quantitative Acetylomics Reveals Substrates of Lysine Acetyltransferase GCN5 in Adult and Aging Drosophila. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2909-2924. [PMID: 37545086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates a wide spectrum of cellular events including aging. General control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5) is a highly conserved lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). However, the acetylation substrates of GCN5 in vivo remain poorly studied, and moreover, how lysine acetylation changes with age and the contribution of KATs to aging remain to be addressed. Here, using Drosophila, we perform label-free quantitative acetylomic analysis, identifying new substrates of GCN5 in the adult and aging process. We further characterize the dynamics of protein acetylation with age, which exhibits a trend of increase. Since the expression of endogenous fly Gcn5 progressively increases during aging, we reason that, by combining the substrate analysis, the increase in acetylation with age is triggered, at least in part, by GCN5. Collectively, our study substantially expands the atlas of GCN5 substrates in vivo, provides a resource of protein acetylation that naturally occurs with age, and demonstrates how individual KAT contributes to the aging acetylome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
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5
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Xiao HT, Jin J, Zheng ZG. Emerging role of GCN5 in human diseases and its therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114835. [PMID: 37352700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first histone acetyltransferase to be cloned and identified in yeast, general control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) plays a crucial role in epigenetic and chromatin modifications. It has been extensively studied for its essential role in regulating and causing various diseases. There is mounting evidence to suggest that GCN5 plays an emerging role in human diseases and its therapeutic potential is promising. In this paper, we begin by providing an introduction GCN5 including its structure, catalytic mechanism, and regulation, followed by a review of the current research progress on the role of GCN5 in regulating various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis. Thus, we delve into the various aspects of GCN5 inhibitors, including their types, characteristics, means of discovery, activities, and limitations from a medicinal chemistry perspective. Our analysis highlights the importance of identifying and creating inhibitors that are both highly selective and effective inhibitors, for the future development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at treating GCN5-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Ge W, Gong Y, Li Y, Wu N, Ruan Y, Xu T, Shu Y, Qiu W, Wang Y, Zhao C. IL-17 induces non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via GCN5-dependent SOX4 acetylation enhancing MMP9 gene transcription and expression. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1399-1416. [PMID: 37294072 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, can trigger the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying mechanism involved in IL-17-induced NSCLC cell metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we found that not only the expression of IL-17, IL-17RA, and/or general control nonrepressed protein 5 (GCN5), SRY-related HMG-BOX gene 4 (SOX4), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was increased in the NSCLC tissues and in the IL-17-stimulated NSCLC cells, but also IL-17 treatment could enhance NSCLC cell migration and invasion. Further mechanism exploration revealed that IL-17-upregulated GCN5 and SOX4 could bind to the same region (-915 to -712 nt) of downstream MMP9 gene promoter driving its gene transcription. In the process, GCN5 could mediate SOX4 acetylation at lysine 118 (K118, a newly identified site) boosting MMP9 gene expression as well as cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the SOX4 acetylation or MMP9 induction and metastatic nodule number in the lung tissues of the BALB/c nude mice inoculated with the NSCLC cells stably infected by corresponding LV-shGCN5 or LV-shSOX4, LV-shMMP9 plus IL-17 incubation were markedly reduced. Overall, our findings implicate that NSCLC metastasis is closely associated with IL-17-GCN5-SOX4-MMP9 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ge
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningxia Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xu M, Lin L, Ram BM, Shriwas O, Chuang KH, Dai S, Su KH, Tang Z, Dai C. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) specifically potentiates c-MYC-mediated transcription independently of the canonical heat shock response. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112557. [PMID: 37224019 PMCID: PMC10592515 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its pivotal roles in biology, how the transcriptional activity of c-MYC is tuned quantitatively remains poorly defined. Here, we show that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response, acts as a prime modifier of the c-MYC-mediated transcription. HSF1 deficiency diminishes c-MYC DNA binding and dampens its transcriptional activity genome wide. Mechanistically, c-MYC, MAX, and HSF1 assemble into a transcription factor complex on genomic DNAs, and surprisingly, the DNA binding of HSF1 is dispensable. Instead, HSF1 physically recruits the histone acetyltransferase general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), promoting histone acetylation and augmenting c-MYC transcriptional activity. Thus, we find that HSF1 specifically potentiates the c-MYC-mediated transcription, discrete from its canonical role in countering proteotoxic stress. Importantly, this mechanism of action engenders two distinct c-MYC activation states, primary and advanced, which may be important to accommodate diverse physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ling Lin
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Babul Moni Ram
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Omprakash Shriwas
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kun-Han Chuang
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kuo-Hui Su
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zijian Tang
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Han B, He J, Chen Q, Yuan M, Zeng X, Li Y, Zeng Y, He M, Zhou Q, Feng D, Ma D. ELFN1-AS1 promotes GDF15-mediated immune escape of colorectal cancer from NK cells by facilitating GCN5 and SND1 association. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 37147528 PMCID: PMC10163203 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to escape from natural killer (NK) cell immune surveillance leads to anti-tumor treatment failure. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ELFN1-AS1 is aberrantly expressed in multiple tumors suggesting a role as an oncogene in cancer development. However, whether ELFN1-AS1 regulates immune surveillance in CRC is unclear. Here, we determined that ELFN1-AS1 enhanced the ability of CRC cells to escape from NK cell surveillance in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we confirmed that ELFN1-AS1 in CRC cells attenuated the activity of NK cell by down-regulating NKG2D and GZMB via the GDF15/JNK pathway. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that ELFN1-AS1 enhanced the interaction between the GCN5 and SND1 protein and this influenced H3k9ac enrichment at the GDF15 promotor to stimulate GDF15 production in CRC cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that ELFN1-AS1 in CRC cells suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity and ELFN1-AS1 is a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jinsong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Min Yuan
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuanting Li
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Meibo He
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qilin Zhou
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Feng
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
- Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Daiyuan Ma
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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9
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Shi SM, Liu TT, Wei XQ, Sun GH, Yang L, Zhu JF. GCN5 regulates ZBTB16 through acetylation, mediates osteogenic differentiation, and affects orthodontic tooth movement. Biochem Cell Biol 2023. [PMID: 36786377 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) must undergo osteogenic differentiation. OTM increased the expression of Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 16 (ZBTB16), which is implicated in osteogenic differentiation. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism of PDLF osteogenic differentiation mediated by ZBTB16. The OTM rat model was established, and PDLFs were isolated and exposed to mechanical force. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Alizarin Red staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were carried out. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were conducted. In OTM models, ZBTB16 was significantly expressed. Additionally, there was an uneven distribution of PDLFs in the OTM group, as well as an increase in fibroblasts and inflammatory infiltration. ZBTB16 interference hindered PDLF osteogenic differentiation and decreased Wnt and β-catenin levels. Meanwhile, ZBTB16 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ZBTB16 also enhanced the expression of the osteogenic molecules osterix, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and bone sialo protein (BSP) at mRNA and protein levels. The interactions between Wnt1 and ZBTB16, as well as GCN5 and ZBTB16, were also verified. The adeno-associated virus-shZBTB16 injection also proved to inhibit osteogenic differentiation and reduce tooth movement distance in in vivo tests. ZBTB16 was up-regulated in OTM. Through acetylation modification of ZBTB16, GCN5 regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and further mediated PDLF osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Man Shi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Wei
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Hong Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Fang Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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10
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Qin XF, Shan YG, Dou M, Li FX, Guo YX. Notch1 signaling activation alleviates coronary microvascular dysfunction through histone modification of Nrg-1 via the interaction between NICD and GCN5. Apoptosis 2023; 28:124-35. [PMID: 36241947 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is related to endothelial dysfunction in coronary atherosclerosis. Our objective was to explore the role of Notch signaling in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). CMD models were constructed by sodium laurate injection in vivo and homocysteine (Hcy) stimulation in vitro. The binding ability of Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD)/H3K9Ac/GCN5 (General Control Non-derepressible 5) to Neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) promoter was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect CD31 positive cells, NICD localization, and co-localization of NICD and GCN5. Flow cytometry and Tunel staining were conducted to identify the apoptosis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemical staining, co-immunoprecipitation, and double luciferase report analysis were also conducted. Notch signaling pathway-related protein levels were decreased, levels of Nrg-1 and the phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB4 were enhanced in CMD models. Interference with Nrg-1 further increased the apoptosis in Hcy-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Meanwhile, the activation of the Notch signaling pathway increased the levels of Nrg-1 and the phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB4, as well as inhibited the apoptosis induced by Hcy. Furthermore, NICD and histone acetyltransferase enzyme GCN5 could regulate Nrg-1 promoter activity by affecting the expression of acetylation-modified protein H3K9Ac. In addition, NICD also interacted with GCN5. In vivo results also confirmed that the activation of the Notch signal alleviated CMD. Notch signaling pathway regulates Nrg-1 level through synergistic interaction with GCN5, thereby mitigating CMD.
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11
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Whedon SD, Cole PA. KATs off: Biomedical insights from lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 72:102255. [PMID: 36584580 PMCID: PMC9870960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) enzymes including the p300, MYST, and GCN5 families play major roles in modulating the structure of chromatin and regulating transcription. Because of their dysregulation in various disease states including cancer, efforts to develop inhibitors of KATs have steadily gained momentum. Here we provide an overview of recent progress on the development of high quality chemical probes of the p300 and MYST family of KATs and how they are emerging as useful tools for basic and translational investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Whedon
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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12
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Poulios S, Tsilimigka F, Mallioura A, Pappas D, Seira E, Vlachonasios K. Histone Acetyltransferase GCN5 Affects Auxin Transport during Root Growth by Modulating Histone Acetylation and Gene Expression of PINs. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3572. [PMID: 36559684 PMCID: PMC9781282 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
General Control Non-Derepressible 5 (GCN5) is a histone acetyltransferase that targets multiple genes and is essential for the acetylation of Lysine residues in the N-terminal tail of histone H3 in Arabidopsis. GCN5 interacts with the transcriptional coactivator Alteration/Deficiency in Activation 2b (ADA2b), which enhances its activity functioning in multiprotein complexes, such as the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase complex (SAGA). Mutations in GCN5 and ADA2b result in pleiotropic phenotypes, including alterations in the growth of roots. Auxin is known to regulate root development by modulating gene expression patterns. Auxin moves polarly during plant growth via the Pin-formed (PIN) auxin efflux transport proteins. The effect of GCN5 and ADA2b on auxin distribution at different stages of early root growth (4 to 7 days post-germination) was studied using the reporter lines DR5rev::GFP and PIN1::PIN1-GFP. In wild-type plants, auxin efflux transporter PIN1 expression increases from the fourth to the seventh day of root growth. The PIN1 expression was reduced in the roots of gcn5-1 and ada2b-1 compared to the wild type. The expression of PIN1 in ada2b-1 mutants is confined only to the meristematic zone, specifically in the stele cells, whereas it is almost abolished in the elongation zone. Gene expression analysis showed that genes associated with auxin transport, PIN1, PIN3 and PIN4, are downregulated in gcn5-1 and ada2b-1 mutants relative to the wild type. As a result, auxin accumulation was also reduced in gcn5-1 and ada2b-1 compared to wild-type roots. Furthermore, acetylation of Lysine 14 of histone H3 (H3K14) was also affected in the promoter and coding region of PIN1, PIN3 and PIN4 genes during root growth of Arabidopsis in gcn5 mutants. In conclusion, GCN5 acts as a positive regulator of auxin distribution in early root growth by modulating histone H3 acetylation and the expression of auxin efflux transport genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Poulios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Foteini Tsilimigka
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Postgraduate Program Studies “Applications of Biology—Biotechnology, Molecular and Microbial Analysis of Food and Products”, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Mallioura
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Postgraduate Program Studies “Applications of Biology—Biotechnology, Molecular and Microbial Analysis of Food and Products”, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Pappas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Seira
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Postgraduate Program Studies “Applications of Biology—Biotechnology, Molecular and Microbial Analysis of Food and Products”, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vlachonasios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Wang N, Wang W, Wang X, Mang G, Chen J, Yan X, Tong Z, Yang Q, Wang M, Chen L, Sun P, Yang Y, Cui J, Yang M, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wu J, Zhang M, Yu B. Histone Lactylation Boosts Reparative Gene Activation Post-Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2022; 131:893-908. [PMID: 36268709 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation resolution and cardiac repair initiation after myocardial infarction (MI) require timely activation of reparative signals. Histone lactylation confers macrophage homeostatic gene expression signatures via transcriptional regulation. However, the role of histone lactylation in the repair response post-MI remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether histone lactylation induces reparative gene expression in monocytes early and remotely post-MI. METHODS Single-cell transcriptome data indicated that reparative genes were activated early and remotely in bone marrow and circulating monocytes before cardiac recruitment. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining revealed increases in histone lactylation levels, including the previously identified histone H3K18 lactylation in monocyte-macrophages early post-MI. Through joint CUT&Tag and RNA-sequencing analyses, we identified Lrg1, Vegf-a, and IL-10 as histone H3K18 lactylation target genes. The increased modification and expression levels of these target genes post-MI were verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and reverse transcription-qPCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that histone lactylation regulates the anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic dual activities of monocyte-macrophages by facilitating reparative gene transcription and confirmed that histone lactylation favors a reparative environment and improves cardiac function post-MI. Furthermore, we explored the potential positive role of monocyte histone lactylation in reperfused MI. Mechanistically, we provided new evidence that monocytes undergo metabolic reprogramming in the early stage of MI and demonstrated that dysregulated glycolysis and MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1)-mediated lactate transport promote histone lactylation. Finally, we revealed the catalytic effect of IL (interleukin)-1β-dependent GCN5 (general control non-depressible 5) recruitment on histone H3K18 lactylation and elucidated its potential role as an upstream regulatory element in the regulation of monocyte histone lactylation and downstream reparative gene expression post-MI. CONCLUSIONS Histone lactylation promotes early remote activation of the reparative transcriptional response in monocytes, which is essential for the establishment of immune homeostasis and timely activation of the cardiac repair process post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Wang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Ge Mang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Experimental Animal Centre (J. Chen), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Zhonghua Tong
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Qiannan Yang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Liangqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Ultrasound (P.S.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Guoke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changping District, Beijing, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Jingxuan Cui
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Mian Yang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Dongni Wang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (N.W., W.W., X.W., G.M., X.Y., Z.T., Q.Y., M.W., L.C., P.S., J. Cui, M.Y., Y.Z., D.W., J.W., M.Z., B.Y.)
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An C, Deng L, Zhai H, You Y, Wu F, Zhai Q, Goossens A, Li C. Regulation of jasmonate signaling by reversible acetylation of TOPLESS in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2022; 15:1329-1346. [PMID: 35780296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant immunity and adaptive growth by orchestrating a genome-wide transcriptional program. Key regulators of JA-responsive gene expression include the master transcription factor MYC2, which is repressed by the conserved Groucho/Tup1-like corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) in the resting state. However, the mechanisms underlying TPL-mediated transcriptional repression of MYC2 activity and hormone-dependent switching between repression and de-repression remain enigmatic. Here, we report the regulation of TPL activity and JA signaling by reversible acetylation of TPL. We found that the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 could mediate TPL acetylation, which enhances its interaction with the NOVEL-INTERACTOR-OF-JAZ (NINJA) adaptor and promotes its recruitment to MYC2 target promoters, facilitating transcriptional repression. Conversely, TPL deacetylation by the histone deacetylase HDA6 weakens TPL-NINJA interaction and inhibits TPL recruitment to MYC2 target promoters, facilitating transcriptional activation. In the resting state, the opposing activities of GCN5 and HDA6 maintain TPL acetylation homeostasis, promoting transcriptional repression activity of TPL. In response to JA elicitation, HDA6 expression is transiently induced, resulted in decreased TPL acetylation and repressor activity, thereby transcriptional activation of MYC2 target genes. Thus, the GCN5-TPL-HDA6 module maintains the homeostasis of acetylated TPL, thereby determining the transcriptional state of JA-responsive genes. Our findings uncovered a mechanism by which the TPL corepressor activity in JA signaling is actively tuned in a rapid and reversible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huawei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanrong You
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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15
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Yu S, Paderu P, Lee A, Eirekat S, Healey K, Chen L, Perlin DS, Zhao Y. Histone Acetylation Regulator Gcn5 Mediates Drug Resistance and Virulence of Candida glabrata. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0096322. [PMID: 35658596 PMCID: PMC9241792 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00963-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is poised to adapt to drug pressure rapidly and acquire antifungal resistance leading to therapeutic failure. Given the limited antifungal armamentarium, there is an unmet need to explore new targets or therapeutic strategies for antifungal treatment. The lysine acetyltransferase Gcn5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of C. albicans. Yet how Gcn5 functions and impacts antifungal resistance in C. glabrata is unknown. Disrupting GCN5 rendered C. glabrata cells more sensitive to various stressors, partially reverted resistance in drug-resistant mutants, and attenuated the emergence of resistance compared to wild-type cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed transcriptomic changes involving multiple biological processes and different transcriptional responses to antifungal drugs in gcn5Δ cells compared to wild-type cells. GCN5 deletion also resulted in reduced intracellular survival within THP-1 macrophages. In summary, Gcn5 plays a critical role in modulating the virulence of C. glabrata and regulating its response to antifungal pressure and host defense. IMPORTANCE As an important and successful human pathogen, Candida glabrata is known for its swift adaptation and rapid acquisition of resistance to the most commonly used antifungal agents, resulting in therapeutic failure in clinical settings. Here, we describe that the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 is a key factor in adapting to antifungal pressure and developing resistance in C. glabrata. The results provide new insights into epigenetic control over the drug response in C. glabrata and may be useful for drug target discovery and the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Yu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Padmaja Paderu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Annie Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sami Eirekat
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kelley Healey
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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16
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M A B Alsarraf H, Lam Ung K, Johansen MD, Dimon J, Olieric V, Kremer L, Blaise M. Biochemical, structural, and functional studies reveal that MAB_4324c from Mycobacterium abscessus is an active tandem repeat N-acetyltransferase. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1516-1532. [PMID: 35470425 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium that possesses an intrinsic drug-resistance profile. Several N-acetyltransferases mediate drug resistance and/or participate in M. abscessus virulence. Mining the M. abscessus genome has revealed genes encoding additional N-acetyltransferases whose functions remain uncharacterized, among them MAB_4324c. Here, we showed that the purified MAB_4324c protein is a N-acetyltransferase able to acetylate small polyamine substrates. The crystal structure of MAB_4324c was solved at high resolution in complex with its cofactor, revealing the presence of two GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase domains and a cryptic binding site for NADPH. Genetic studies demonstrate that MAB_4324c is not essential for in vitro growth of M. abscessus, however overexpression of the protein enhanced the uptake and survival of M. abscessus in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam M A B Alsarraf
- IRIM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kien Lam Ung
- IRIM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of molecular biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matt D Johansen
- IRIM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliette Dimon
- IRIM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Olieric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kremer
- IRIM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- IRIM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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17
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Lu Z, Han K. SMAD4 transcriptionally activates GCN5 to inhibit apoptosis and promote osteogenic differentiation in dexamethasone-induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Steroids 2022; 179:108969. [PMID: 35122789 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a serious complication caused by long-term or excessive use of glucocorticoids (GCs). General control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) has been reported to be lowly expressed in bone tissue. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the role of GCN5 in SONFH and identify the potential regulatory mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Following human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) being stimulated with dexamethasone (Dex), GCN5 expression was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Then, GCN5 was overexpressed and cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit and lactate dehydrogenase kit. Cell apoptosis was determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTPnickendlabeling (TUNEL) and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated using western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were adopted for the analysis of osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the relationship between small mothers against decapentaplegic protein 4 (SMAD4) and GCN5 was predicted by hTFtarget website and verified by luciferase reporter- and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Subsequently, SMAD4 was silenced to determine cell viability, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation in Dex-induced hBMSCs with GCN5 upregulation. RESULTS GCN5 expressed lower in hBMSCs exposed to Dex. GCN5 overexpression elevated cell viability, attenuated apoptosis and promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Additionally, SMAD4 transcriptionally activated GCN5 and upregulated GCN5 expression. While SMAD4 knockdown reversed the protective effects of GCN5 overexpression on Dex-induced cell viability loss, apoptosis increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition in hBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS SMAD4 transcriptionally activated GCN5 to inhibit apoptosis and promote osteogenic differentiation in Dex-induced hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lu
- Medical School, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kuijing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China; Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
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18
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Liao W, Xu N, Zhang H, Liao W, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Xie W, Zhang Y. Persistent high glucose induced EPB41L4A-AS1 inhibits glucose uptake via GCN5 mediating crotonylation and acetylation of histones and non-histones. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e699. [PMID: 35184403 PMCID: PMC8858623 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent hyperglycemia decreases the sensitivity of insulin-sensitive organs to insulin, owing to which cells fail to take up and utilize glucose, which exacerbates the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). lncRNAs' abnormal expression is reported to be associated with the progression of diabetes and plays a significant role in glucose metabolism. Herein, we study the detailed mechanism underlying the functions of lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1in T2DM. METHODS Data from GEO datasets were used to analyze the expression of EPB41L4A-AS1 between insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes patients and the healthy people. Gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Glucose uptake was measured by Glucose Uptake Fluorometric Assay Kit. Glucose tolerance of mice was detected by Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The interaction between EPB41L4A-AS1 and GCN5 was explored by RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down and RNA-FISH combined immunofluorescence. Oxygen consumption rate was tested by Seahorse XF Mito Stress Test. RESULTS EPB41L4A-AS1 was abnormally increased in the liver of patients with T2DM and upregulated in the muscle cells of patients with insulin resistance and in T2DM cell models. The upregulation was associated with increased TP53 expression and reduced glucose uptake. Mechanistically, through interaction with GCN5, EPB41L4A-AS1 regulated histone H3K27 crotonylation in the GLUT4 promoter region and nonhistone PGC1β acetylation, which inhibited GLUT4 transcription and suppressed glucose uptake by muscle cells. In contrast, EPB41L4A-AS1 binding to GCN5 enhanced H3K27 and H3K14 acetylation in the TXNIP promoter region, which activated transcription by promoting the recruitment of the transcriptional activator MLXIP. This enhanced GLUT4/2 endocytosis and further suppressed glucose uptake. CONCLUSION Our study first showed that the EPB41L4A-AS1/GCN5 complex repressed glucose uptake via targeting GLUT4/2 and TXNIP by regulating histone and nonhistone acetylation or crotonylation. Since a weaker glucose uptake ability is one of the major clinical features of T2DM, the inhibition of EPB41L4A-AS1 expression seems to be a potentially effective strategy for drug development in T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Naihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Open FIESTA CenterTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Weifang Liao
- College of life science and technologyWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanP. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Songmao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shikuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Open FIESTA CenterTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and TechnologyDivision of Life ScienceTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Open FIESTA CenterTsinghua UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
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19
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Abstract
The development and growth of a normal prostate gland, as well as its physiological functions, are regulated by the actions of androgens through androgen receptor (AR) signaling which drives multiple cellular processes including transcription, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in prostate cells. Post-translational regulation of AR plays a vital role in directing its cellular activities via modulating its stability, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity. Among various post-translational modifications (PTMs), acetylation is an essential PTM recognized in AR and is governed by the regulated actions of acetyltransferases and deacetyltransferases. Acetylation of AR has been identified as a critical step for its activation and depending on the site of acetylation, the intracellular dynamics and activity of the AR can be modulated. Various acetyltransferases such as CBP, p300, PCAF, TIP60, and ARD1 that are known to acetylate AR, may directly coactivate the AR transcriptional function or help to recruit additional coactivators to functionally regulate the transcriptional activity of the AR. Aberrant expression of acetyltransferases and their deregulated activities have been found to interfere with AR signaling and play a key role in development and progression of prostatic diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa). In this review, we summarized recent research advances aimed at understanding the role of various lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) in the regulation of AR activity at the level of post-translational modifications in normal prostate physiology, as well as in development and progression of PCa. Considering the critical importance of KATs in modulating AR activity in physiological and patho-physiological context, we further discussed the potential of targeting these enzymes as a therapeutic option to treat AR-related pathology in combination with hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Jaiswal
- Integrative Chemical Biology (ICB), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Ashish Gupta, ; Bharti Jaiswal,
| | - Akanksha Agarwal
- Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics (CoEE) Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, UP, India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics (CoEE) Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, UP, India
- *Correspondence: Ashish Gupta, ; Bharti Jaiswal,
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20
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Liu J, An B, Luo H, He C, Wang Q. The histone acetyltransferase FocGCN5 regulates growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of the banana wilt disease causal agent Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense tropical race 4. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103902. [PMID: 34838989 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin structure modifications by histone acetyltransferase are involved in multiple biological processes in eukaryotes. In the present study, the GCN5 homologue FocGCN5 was identified in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). The coding gene was then knocked out to investigate the roles of FocGNC5. The mutant ΔFocGCN5 was found significantly reduced in growth rate and conidiation, and almost completely lost pathogenicity to banana plantlets. The RNA-seq analysis provide an insight into the underlying mechanism. Firstly, transcription of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and fungal cell wall synthesis was reduced in ΔFocGCN5, leading to the impairment of apical deposition of cell-wall material. Secondly, FocabaA, one of the pivotal regulators of conidiation, was significantly reduced in expression in ΔFocGCN5, which might be the main cause of the conidiation reduction. Thirdly, the pathogenicity-associated factors, including effectors and plant cell wall degrading enzymes, were almost all down-regulated in ΔFocGCN5, which accounts for the decrease of pathogenicity. In addition, the stress tolerance to salt, heat, and cell wall inhibitors was slightly increased in ΔFocGCN5. Taken together, our studies clarify the roles of FocGCN5 in growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of Foc TR4, and explore the possible mechanism behind its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Haque ME, Jakaria M, Akther M, Cho DY, Kim IS, Choi DK. The GCN5: its biological functions and therapeutic potentials. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:231-57. [PMID: 33443284 DOI: 10.1042/CS20200986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
General control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) or lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) is one of the most highly studied histone acetyltransferases. It acts as both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). As an HAT it plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic landscape and chromatin modification. Besides, GCN5 regulates a wide range of biological events such as gene regulation, cellular proliferation, metabolism and inflammation. Imbalance in the GCN5 activity has been reported in many disorders such as cancer, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders and neurological disorders. Therefore, unravelling the role of GCN5 in different diseases progression is a prerequisite for both understanding and developing novel therapeutic agents of these diseases. In this review, we have discussed the structural features, the biological function of GCN5 and the mechanical link with the diseases associated with its imbalance. Moreover, the present GCN5 modulators and their limitations will be presented in a medicinal chemistry perspective.
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22
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Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is vital for organisms to respond to and survive changes in energy availability. A critical metabolic flexibility regulator is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which regulates various transcription factors and nuclear receptors that, in turn, regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation. PGC-1α is itself regulated, with one of the significant modes of regulation being acetylation. Thus, measuring the acetylation status of PGC-1α is a critical indicator of cells' metabolic flexibility. In this chapter, we describe a method of evaluating PGC-1α acetylation in primary mouse myotubes. This method can also be used with other cell types and tissues.
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23
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Liu L, Ge W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xie M, Zhao C, Yao C, Luo C, Wu Z, Wang W, Zhao D, Zhang J, Qiu W, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 triggers glomerular mesangial cell proliferation via enhancing FGF1 and PDGFα gene transcription mediated by GCN5-dependent SOX9 acetylation in rat Thy-1 nephritis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21751. [PMID: 34156114 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002814rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) is an animal model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), accompanied by glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Although sublytic C5b-9 formed on GMC membrane could induce cell proliferation, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that the level of SRY related HMG-BOX gene 9 (SOX9), general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and platelet-derived growth factor α (PDGFα) was all elevated both in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in the GMCs (in vitro) with sublytic C5b-9 stimulation. Then, we not only discovered that sublytic C5b-9 caused GMC proliferation through increasing SOX9, GCN5, FGF1 and PDGFα expression, but also proved that SOX9 and GCN5 formed a complex and combined with FGF1 and PDGFα promoters, leading to FGF1 and PDGFα gene transcription. More importantly, GCN5 could mediate SOX9 acetylation at lysine 62 (K62) to enhance SOX9 binding to FGF1 or PDGFα promoter and promote FGF1 or PDGFα synthesis and GMC proliferation. Besides, the experiments in vivo also showed that FGF1 and PDGFα expression, GMC proliferation and urinary protein secretion in Thy-1N rats were greatly reduced by silencing renal SOX9, GCN5, FGF1 or PDGFα gene. Furthermore, the renal tissues of MsPGN patients also exhibited positive expression of these genes mentioned above. Collectively, our findings indicate that GCN5, SOX9 and FGF1/PDGFα can form an axis and play an essential role in sublytic C5b-9-triggered GMC proliferation, which might provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis of Thy-1N and MsPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Wen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Luo
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Abstract
The SAGA complex is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivator that regulates gene expression through its histone acetyltransferase and deubiquitylase activities, recognition of specific histone modifications, and interactions with transcription factors. Multiple lines of evidence indicate the existence of distinct variants of SAGA among organisms as well as within a species, permitting diverse functions to dynamically regulate cellular pathways. Our co-expression analysis of genes encoding human SAGA components showed enrichment in reproductive organs, brain tissues and the skeletal muscle, which corresponds to their established roles in developmental programs, emerging roles in neurodegenerative diseases, and understudied functions in specific cell types. SAGA subunits modulate growth, development and response to various stresses from yeast to plants and metazoans. In metazoans, SAGA further participates in the regulation of differentiation and maturation of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and is associated with initiation and progression of diseases including a broad range of cancers. The evolutionary conservation of SAGA highlights its indispensable role in eukaryotic life, thus deciphering the mechanisms of action of SAGA is key to understanding fundamental biological processes throughout evolution. To illuminate the diversity and conservation of this essential complex, here we discuss variations in composition, essentiality and co-expression of component genes, and its prominent functions across Fungi, Plantae and Animalia kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jiun C Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA.
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Vlachonasios KE. Histone acetylation: a requirement for petunia floral scent. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3493-3495. [PMID: 33948651 PMCID: PMC8096597 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Patrick RM, Huang X-Q, Dudareva N, Li Y. 2021. Dynamic histone acetylation in floral volatile synthesis and emission in petunia flowers. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 3704–3722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos E Vlachonasios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Liu Y, Tong Z, Wang C, Xia R, Li H, Yu H, Jing J, Cheng W. TiO2 nanotubes regulate histone acetylation through F-actin to induce the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2021; 49:398-406. [PMID: 33914666 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1910282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone integration on the surface of titanium prosthesis is critical to the success of implant surgery. Good Bone integration at the contact interface is the basis of long-term stability. TiO2 nanotubes have become one of the most commonly used modification techniques for artificial joint prostheses and bone defect implants due to their good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and chemical stability. TiO2 nanotubes can promote F-actin polymerization in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteogenic differentiation. The possibility of F-actin as an upstream part to regulate GCN5 initiation of osteogenesis was discussed. The results of gene loss and functional acquisition assay, immunoblotting assay and fluorescence staining assay showed that TiO2 nanotubes could promote the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts. The intervention of TiO2 nanotubes can make BMSCs form stronger F-actin fibre bundles, which can drive the differentiation process of osteogenesis. Our results showed that F-actin mediated nanotube-induced cell differentiation through promoting the expression of GCN5 and enhancing the function of GCN5 and GCN5 was a key regulator of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by TiO2 nanotubes as a downstream mediated osteogenesis of F-actin, providing a novel insight into the study of osteogenic differentiation on surface of TiO2 nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhicheng Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Runzhi Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wendan Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Gan L, Wei Z, Yang Z, Li F, Wang Z. Updated Mechanisms of GCN5-The Monkey King of the Plant Kingdom in Plant Development and Resistance to Abiotic Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:979. [PMID: 33922251 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are the main epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression, chromatin structure, and plant development, among which histone acetylation is one of the most important and studied epigenetic modifications. Histone acetylation is believed to enhance DNA access and promote transcription. GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5), a well-known enzymatic protein responsible for the lysine acetylation of histone H3 and H4, is a universal and crucial histone acetyltransferase involved in gene transcription and plant development. Many studies have found that GCN5 plays important roles in the different development stages of Arabidopsis. In terms of exogenous stress conditions, GCN5 is also involved in the responses to heat stress, cold stress, and nutrient element deficiency by regulating the related gene expression to maintain the homeostasis of some key metabolites (e.g., cellulose) or ions (e.g., phosphate, iron); in addition, GCN5 is involved in the phytohormone pathways such as ethylene, auxin, and salicylic acid to play various roles during the plant lifecycle. Some of the pathways involved by GCN5 also interwind to regulate specific physiological processes or developmental stages. Here, interactions between various developmental events and stress-resistant pathways mediated by GCN5 are comprehensively addressed and the underlying mechanisms are discussed in the plant. Studies with some interacting factors such as ADA2b provided valuable information for the complicated histone acetylation mechanisms. We also suggest the future focuses for GCN5 functions and mechanisms such as functions in seed development/germination stages, exploration of novel interaction factors, identification of more protein substrates, and application of advanced biotechnology-CRISPR in crop genetic improvement, which would be helpful for the complete illumination of roles and mechanisms of GCN5.
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28
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Poulios S, Dadarou D, Gavriilidis M, Mougiou N, Kargios N, Maliori V, Hark AT, Doonan JH, Vlachonasios KE. The Transcriptional Adaptor Protein ADA3a Modulates Flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana. Cells 2021; 10:904. [PMID: 33920019 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is directly related to gene expression. In yeast, the acetyltransferase general control nonderepressible-5 (GCN5) targets histone H3 and associates with transcriptional co-activators alteration/deficiency in activation-2 (ADA2) and alteration/deficiency in activation-3 (ADA3) in complexes like SAGA. Arabidopsis thaliana has two genes encoding proteins, designated ADA3a and ADA3b, that correspond to yeast ADA3. We investigated the role of ADA3a and ADA3b in regulating gene expression during flowering time. Specifically, we found that knock out mutants ada3a-2 and the double mutant ada3a-2 ada3b-2 lead to early flowering compared to the wild type plants under long day (LD) conditions and after moving plants from short days to LD. Consistent with ADA3a being a repressor of floral initiation, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression was increased in ada3a mutants. In contrast, other genes involved in multiple pathways leading to floral transition, including FT repressors, players in GA signaling, and members of the SPL transcriptional factors, displayed reduced expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that ADA3a affects the histone H3K14 acetylation levels in SPL3, SPL5, RGA, GAI, and SMZ loci. In conclusion, ADA3a is involved in floral induction through a GCN5-containing complex that acetylates histone H3 in the chromatin of flowering related genes.
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Ramadan WS, Talaat IM, Hachim MY, Lischka A, Gemoll T, El-Awady R. The impact of CBP expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:72. [PMID: 33827682 PMCID: PMC8028106 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of new biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic prominence will greatly enhance the management of breast cancer (BC). Several reports suggest the involvement of the histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein (CBP) and general control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) in tumor formation; however, their clinical significance in BC remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the value of CBP and GCN5 as markers and/or targets for BC prognosis and therapy. Expression of CBP, GCN5, estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in BC was analyzed in cell lines by western blot and in patients’ tissues by immunohistochemistry. The gene amplification data were also analyzed for CBP and GCN5 using the publicly available data from BC patients. Results Elevated expression of CBP and GCN5 was detected in BC tissues from patients and cell lines more than normal ones. In particular, CBP was more expressed in luminal A and B subtypes. Using chemical and biological inhibitors for CBP, ERα and HER2 showed a strong association between CBP and the expression of ERα and HER2. Moreover, analysis of the CREBBP (for CBP) and KAT2A (for GCN5) genes in a larger number of patients in publicly available databases showed amplification of both genes in BC patients. Amplification of CREBBP gene was observed in luminal A, luminal B and triple-negative but not in HER2 overexpressing subtypes. Furthermore, patients with high CREBBP or KAT2A gene expression had better 5-year disease-free survival than the low gene expression group (p = 0.0018 and p < 0.00001, respectively). Conclusions We conclude that the persistent amplification and overexpression of CBP in ERα- and PR-positive BC highlights the significance of CBP as a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in hormone-positive BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01060-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M Talaat
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annette Lischka
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Hu J, Xia X, Zhao Q, Li S. Lysine acetylation of NKG2D ligand Rae-1 stabilizes the protein and sensitizes tumor cells to NKG2D immune surveillance. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:143-153. [PMID: 33279621 PMCID: PMC10142196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shedding, loss of expression, or internalization of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands from the tumor cell surface leads to immune evasion, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. In many cancers, matrix metalloproteinases cause the proteolytic shedding of NKG2D ligands. However, it remained unclear how to protect NKG2D ligands from shedding. Here, we showed that the shedding of the mouse NKG2D ligand Rae-1 can be prevented by two critical acetyltransferases, GCN5 and PCAF, which acetylate the lysine residues of Rae-1 to avoid shedding both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, mutations at lysines 80 and 87 of Rae-1 abrogated this acetylation and thereby desensitized tumor cells to NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. Notably, the protein levels of GCN5 correlated with the expression levels of the human NKG2D ligand ULPB1 in a human tumor tissue microarray and, more importantly, with prolonged overall survival in many cancers. Our results suggest that the acetylation of Rae-1 protein at lysines 80 and 87 by GCN5 and PCAF protects Rae-1 from shedding so as to activate NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. This discovery may shed light on new targets for NKG2D immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingnan Zhao
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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31
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Vlachonasios K, Poulios S, Mougiou N. The Histone Acetyltransferase GCN5 and the Associated Coactivators ADA2: From Evolution of the SAGA Complex to the Biological Roles in Plants. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:308. [PMID: 33562796 PMCID: PMC7915528 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcription of protein-encoding genes starts with forming a pre-initiation complex comprised of RNA polymerase II and several general transcription factors. To activate gene expression, transcription factors must overcome repressive chromatin structure, which is accomplished with multiprotein complexes. One such complex, SAGA, modifies the nucleosomal histones through acetylation and other histone modifications. A prototypical histone acetyltransferase (HAT) known as general control non-repressed protein 5 (GCN5), was defined biochemically as the first transcription-linked HAT with specificity for histone H3 lysine 14. In this review, we analyze the components of the putative plant SAGA complex during plant evolution, and current knowledge on the biological role of the key components of the HAT module, GCN5 and ADA2b in plants, will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Vlachonasios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.P.); (N.M.)
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32
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Mutlu B, Puigserver P. GCN5 acetyltransferase in cellular energetic and metabolic processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2021; 1864:194626. [PMID: 32827753 PMCID: PMC7854474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
General Control Non-repressed 5 protein (GCN5), encoded by the mammalian gene Kat2a, is the first histone acetyltransferase discovered to link histone acetylation to transcriptional activation [1]. The enzymatic activity of GCN5 is linked to cellular metabolic and energetic states regulating gene expression programs. GCN5 has a major impact on energy metabolism by i) sensing acetyl-CoA, a central metabolite and substrate of the GCN5 catalytic reaction, and ii) acetylating proteins such as PGC-1α, a transcriptional coactivator that controls genes linked to energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is biochemically associated with the GCN5 protein complex during active metabolic reprogramming. In the first part of the review, we examine how metabolism can change GCN5-dependent histone acetylation to regulate gene expression to adapt cells. In the second part, we summarize the GCN5 function as a nutrient sensor, focusing on non-histone protein acetylation, mainly the metabolic role of PGC-1α acetylation across different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Mutlu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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33
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Ung KL, Kremer L, Blaise M. Structural analysis of the N-acetyltransferase Eis1 from Mycobacterium abscessus reveals the molecular determinants of its incapacity to modify aminoglycosides. Proteins 2021; 89:94-106. [PMID: 32860271 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) proteins belonging to the superfamily of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases play important functions in mycobacterial pathogenesis. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Eis enhances the intracellular survival of the bacilli in macrophages by modulating the host immune response and is capable to chemically modify and inactivate aminoglycosides. In nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Eis shares similar functions. However, Mycobacterium abscessus, a multidrug resistant NTM, possesses two functionally distinct Eis homologues, Eis1Mab and Eis2Mab . While Eis2Mab participates in virulence and aminoglycosides resistance, this is not the case for Eis1Mab, whose exact biological function remains to be determined. Herein, we show that overexpression of Eis1Mab in M. abscessus fails to induce resistance to aminoglycosides. To clarify why Eis1Mab is unable to modify this class of antibiotics, we solved its crystal structure bound to its cofactor, acetyl-CoA. The structure revealed that Eis1Mab has a typical homohexameric Eis-like organization. The structural analysis supported by biochemical approaches demonstrated that while Eis1Mab can acetylate small substrates, its active site is too narrow to accommodate aminoglycosides. Comparison with other Eis structures showed that an extended loop between strands 9 and 10 is blocking the access of large substrates to the active site and movement of helices 4 and 5 reduces the volume of the substrate-binding pocket to these compounds in Eis1Mab . Overall, this study underscores the molecular determinants explaining functional differences between Eis1Mab and Eis2Mab, especially those inherent to their capacity to modify aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Lam Ung
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France
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Toma-Fukai S, Hibi R, Naganuma T, Sakai M, Saijo S, Shimizu N, Matsumoto M, Shimizu T. Crystal structure of GCN5 PCAF N-terminal domain reveals atypical ubiquitin ligase structure. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14630-14639. [PMID: 32820047 PMCID: PMC7586209 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
General control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5, also known as Kat2a) and p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF, also known as Kat2b) are two homologous acetyltransferases. Both proteins share similar domain architecture consisting of a PCAF N-terminal (PCAF_N) domain, acetyltransferase domain, and a bromodomain. PCAF also acts as a ubiquitin E3 ligase whose activity is attributable to the PCAF_N domain, but its structural aspects are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that GCN5 exhibited ubiquitination activity in a similar manner to PCAF and its activity was supported by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5. Moreover, we determined the crystal structure of the PCAF_N domain at 1.8 Å resolution and found that PCAF_N domain folds into a helical structure with a characteristic binuclear zinc region, which was not predicted from sequence analyses. The zinc region is distinct from known E3 ligase structures, suggesting this region may form a new class of E3 ligase. Our biochemical and structural study provides new insight into not only the functional significance of GCN5 but also into ubiquitin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Toma-Fukai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hibi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Naganuma
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Saijo
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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35
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Yuan Y, Yuan H, Yang G, Yun H, Zhao M, Liu Z, Zhao L, Geng Y, Liu L, Wang J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang XD. IFN-α confers epigenetic regulation of HBV cccDNA minichromosome by modulating GCN5-mediated succinylation of histone H3K79 to clear HBV cccDNA. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:135. [PMID: 32894195 PMCID: PMC7487718 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) is assembled by histones and non-histones into a chromatin-like cccDNA minichromosome in the nucleus. The cellular histone acetyltransferase GCN5, displaying succinyltransferase activity, is recruited onto cccDNA to modulate HBV transcription in cells. Clinically, IFN-α is able to repress cccDNA. However, the underlying mechanism of IFN-α in the depression of cccDNA mediated by GCN5 is poorly understood. Here, we explored the effect of IFN-α on GCN5-mediated succinylation in the epigenetic regulation of HBV cccDNA minichromosome. Results Succinylation modification of the cccDNA minichromosome has been observed in HBV-infected human liver-chimeric mice and HBV-expressing cell lines. Moreover, histone H3K79 succinylation by GCN5 was identified in the system. Interestingly, the mutant of histone H3K79 efficiently blocked the replication of HBV, and interference with GCN5 resulted in decreased levels of HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg in the supernatant from de novo HBV-infected HepaRG cells. Consistently, the levels of histone H3K79 succinylation were significantly elevated in the livers of HBV-infected human liver-chimeric mice. The knockdown or overexpression of GCN5 or the mutant of GCN5 could affect the binding of GCN5 to cccDNA or H3K79 succinylation, leading to a change in cccDNA transcription activity. In addition, Southern blot analysis validated that siGCN5 decreased the levels of cccDNA in the cells, suggesting that GCN5-mediated succinylation of histone H3K79 contributes to the epigenetic regulation of cccDNA minichromosome. Strikingly, IFN-α effectively depressed histone H3K79 succinylation in HBV cccDNA minichromosome in de novo HepG2-NTCP and HBV-infected HepaRG cells. Conclusions IFN-α epigenetically regulates the HBV cccDNA minichromosome by modulating GCN5-mediated succinylation of histone H3K79 to clear HBV cccDNA. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which IFN-α modulate the epigenetic regulation of HBV cccDNA minichromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Yuan
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Yun
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhao
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Geng
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapei Wang
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Zhou Y, Pei F, Ji M, Zhang F, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Wang X, Hong Y, Tian J, Wang Y, Chen JJ. WDHD1 facilitates G1 checkpoint abrogation in HPV E7 expressing cells by modulating GCN5. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:840. [PMID: 32883234 PMCID: PMC7469104 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer. The G1 checkpoint allows cells to repair damaged DNA that may lead to genomic instability. The high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 gene can abrogate the G1 checkpoint, yet the mechanism is still not fully understood. Our recent study showed that WDHD1 (WD repeat and high mobility group [HMG]-box DNA-binding protein 1) plays a role in regulating G1 checkpoint of E7 expressing cells. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which WDHD1 regulates G1 checkpoint in HPV E7 expressing cells. Methods NIKS and RPE1 derived cell lines were used. Real-time PCR, Rescue experiment, FACS and BrdU labeling experiments were performed to examine role of GCN5 in G1 checkpoint abrogation in HPV-16 E7 expressing cells. Results In this study, we observed that WDHD1 facilitates G1 checkpoint abrogation by modulating GCN5 in HPV E7 expressing cells. Notably, depletion of WDHD1 caused G1 arrest while overexpression of GCN5 rescued the inhibitory effects of WDHD1 knockdown on G1/S progression. Furthermore, siWDHD1 significantly decreased cell cycle proliferation and DNA synthesis that was correlated with Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt), which was reversed by GCN5 overexpression in HPV E7 expressing cells. Conclusions In summary, our data identified a WDHD1/GCN5/Akt pathway leading to the abrogation of G1 checkpoint in the presence of damaged DNA, which may cause genomic instability and eventually HPV induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhou
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China.,Shandong LaiBo Biotechnology co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyan Pei
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyu Ji
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
| | - Yingshuo Sun
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
| | - Yatian Hong
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Tian
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Microbiology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, China.
| | - Jason J Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Manickavinayaham S, Velez-Cruz R, Biswas AK, Chen J, Guo R, Johnson DG. The E2F1 transcription factor and RB tumor suppressor moonlight as DNA repair factors. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2260-2269. [PMID: 32787501 PMCID: PMC7513849 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1801190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor and RB tumor suppressor are best known for their roles in regulating the expression of genes important for cell cycle progression but, they also have transcription-independent functions that facilitate DNA repair at sites of damage. Depending on the type of DNA damage, E2F1 can recruit either the GCN5 or p300/CBP histone acetyltransferases to deposit different histone acetylation marks in flanking chromatin. At DNA double-strand breaks, E2F1 also recruits RB and the BRG1 ATPase to remodel chromatin and promote loading of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex. Knock-in mouse models demonstrate important roles for E2F1 post-translational modifications in regulating DNA repair and physiological responses to DNA damage. This review highlights how E2F1 moonlights in DNA repair, thus revealing E2F1 as a versatile protein that recruits many of the same chromatin-modifying enzymes to sites of DNA damage to promote repair that it recruits to gene promoters to regulate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalatha Manickavinayaham
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
| | - Renier Velez-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Anup K. Biswas
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G. Johnson
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
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Grasser KD, Rubio V, Barneche F. Multifaceted activities of the plant SAGA complex. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2020; 1864:194613. [PMID: 32745625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
From yeast to human, the Spt-Ada-GCN5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) gigantic complex modifies chromatin during RNA polymerase II initiation and elongation steps to facilitate transcription. Its enzymatic activity involves a histone acetyltransferase module (HATm) that acetylates multiple lysine residues on the N-terminal tails of histones H2B and H3 and a deubiquitination module (DUBm) that triggers co-transcriptional deubiquitination of histone H2B. With a few notable exceptions described in this review, most SAGA subunits identified in yeast and metazoa are present in plants. Studies from the last 20 years have unveiled that different SAGA subunits are involved in gene expression regulation during the plant life cycle and in response to various types of stress or environmental cues. Their functional analysis in the Arabidopsis thaliana model species is increasingly shedding light on their intrinsic properties and how they can themselves be regulated during plant adaptive responses. Recent biochemical studies have also uncovered multiple associations between plant SAGA and chromatin machineries linked to RNA Pol II transcription. Still, considerably less is known about the molecular links between SAGA or SAGA-like complexes and chromatin dynamics during transcription in Arabidopsis and other plant species. We summarize the emerging knowledge on plant SAGA complex composition and activity, with a particular focus on the best-characterized subunits from its HAT (such as GCN5) and DUB (such as UBP22) modules, and implication of these ensembles in plant development and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus D Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Plant Molecular Genetics Dept., Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fredy Barneche
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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Downey M. Non-histone protein acetylation by the evolutionarily conserved GCN5 and PCAF acetyltransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2021; 1864:194608. [PMID: 32711095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
GCN5, conserved from yeast to humans, and the vertebrate specific PCAF, are lysine acetyltransferase enzymes found in large protein complexes. Both enzymes have well documented roles in the histone acetylation and the concomitant regulation of transcription. However, these enzymes also acetylate non-histone substrates to impact diverse aspects of cell physiology. Here, I review our current understanding of non-histone acetylation by GCN5 and PCAF across eukaryotes, from target identification to molecular mechanism and regulation. I focus mainly on budding yeast, where Gcn5 was first discovered, and mammalian systems, where the bulk of non-histone substrates have been characterized. I end the review by defining critical caveats and open questions that apply to all models.
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40
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Timmers HTM. SAGA and TFIID: Friends of TBP drifting apart. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2020; 1864:194604. [PMID: 32673655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription initiation constitutes a major checkpoint in gene regulation across all living organisms. Control of chromatin function is tightly linked to this checkpoint, which is best illustrated by the SAGA coactivator. This evolutionary conserved complex of 18-20 subunits was first discovered as a Gcn5p-containing histone acetyltransferase, but it also integrates a histone H2B deubiquitinase. The SAGA subunits are organized in a modular fashion around its central core. Strikingly, this central module of SAGA shares a number of proteins with the central core of the basal transcription factor TFIID. In this review I will compare the SAGA and TFIID complexes with respect to their shared subunits, structural organization, enzymatic activities and chromatin binding. I will place a special emphasis on the ancestry of SAGA and TFIID subunits, which suggests that these complexes evolved to control the activity of TBP (TATA-binding protein) in directing the assembly of transcription initiation complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Th Marc Timmers
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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41
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Fan F, Li S, Wen Z, Ye Q, Chen X, Ye Q. Regulation of PGC-1α mediated by acetylation and phosphorylation in MPP+ induced cell model of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9461-9474. [PMID: 32452827 PMCID: PMC7288924 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with complex etiology in sporadic cases. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and defects in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with the pathogenesis of PD. The oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics are regulated strictly by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). We investigated whether acetylation and phosphorylation of PGC-1α contribute to protecting neuronal cell against oxidative stress. Results: We found that acetylation and phosphorylation mediated the nuclear translocation of PGC-1α protects against oxidative damage. In contrast to the increased nuclear PGC-1α, the cytosolic PGC-1α was decreased upon inhibition of GCN5 acetyltransferase. Similarly to the inhibition of GCN5 acetyltransferase, the increased nuclear PGC-1α and the decreased cytosolic PGC-1α were observed upon p38MAPK and AMPK activation. Briefly, the significantly increased nuclear PGC-1α is regulated either by inhibiting the acetylation of PGC-1α or by the phosphorylating PGC-1α, which results in a reduction in ROS. Conclusion: PGC-1α protects neuronal cells against MPP+-induced toxicity partially through the acetylation of PGC-1α mediated by GCN5, and mostly through the phosphorylation PGC-1α mediated by p38MAPK or AMPK. Therapeutic reagents activating PGC-1α may be valuable for preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in PD by against oxidative damage. Methods: With established the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cell model of PD, the effects of MPP+ and experimental reagents on the cell viability was investigated. The expression of PGC-1α, general control of nucleotide synthesis 5 (GCN5), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) were detected by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry. All statistical analyses were carried out using one-way ANOVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute or Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Affiliated Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Sichuan Bayi Rehabilitation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Wen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaoyue Ye
- Fuzhou No. 8 High School, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute or Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute or Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Pezoa SA, Artinger KB, Niswander LA. GCN5 acetylation is required for craniofacial chondrocyte maturation. Dev Biol 2020; 464:24-34. [PMID: 32446700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of the craniofacial structures requires the precise differentiation of cranial neural crest cells into osteoblasts or chondrocytes. Here, we explore the epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms that are required for the development of craniofacial chondrocytes. We previously demonstrated that the acetyltransferase activity of the highly conserved acetyltransferase GCN5, or KAT2A, is required for murine craniofacial development. We show that Gcn5 is required cell autonomously in the cranial neural crest. Moreover, GCN5 is required for chondrocyte development following the arrival of the cranial neural crest within the pharyngeal arches. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro inhibition of GCN5 acetyltransferase activity, we demonstrate that GCN5 is a potent activator of chondrocyte maturation, acting to control chondrocyte maturation and size increase during pre-hypertrophic maturation to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Rather than acting as an epigenetic regulator of histone H3K9 acetylation, our findings suggest GCN5 primarily acts as a non-histone acetyltransferase to regulate chondrocyte development. Here, we investigate the contribution of GCN5 acetylation to the activity of the mTORC1 pathway. Our findings indicate that GCN5 acetylation is required for activation of this pathway, either via direct activation of mTORC1 or through indirect mechanisms. We also investigate one possibility of how mTORC1 activity is regulated through RAPTOR acetylation, which is hypothesized to enhance mTORC1 downstream phosphorylation. This study contributes to our understanding of the specificity of acetyltransferases, and the cell type specific roles in which these enzymes function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A Pezoa
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program. University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 80309
| | - Kristin B Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Dentistry, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045
| | - Lee A Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 80309.
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Huang B, Zhong D, Zhu J, An Y, Gao M, Zhu S, Dang W, Wang X, Yang B, Xie Z. Inhibition of histone acetyltransferase GCN5 extends lifespan in both yeast and human cell lines. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13129. [PMID: 32157780 PMCID: PMC7189995 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are important enzymes that transfer acetyl groups onto histones and thereby regulate both gene expression and chromosomal structures. Previous work has shown that the activation of sirtuins, which are histone deacetylases, can extend lifespan. This suggests that inhibiting HATs may have a similar beneficial effect. In the present study, we utilized a range of HAT inhibitors or heterozygous Gcn5 and Ngg1 mutants to demonstrate marked yeast life extension. In human cell lines, HAT inhibitors and selective RNAi‐mediated Gcn5 or Ngg1 knockdown reduced the levels of aging markers and promoted proliferation in senescent cells. Furthermore, this observed lifespan extension was associated with the acetylation of histone H3 rather than that of H4. Specifically, it was dependent upon H3K9Ac and H3K18Ac modifications. We also found that the ability of caloric restriction to prolong lifespan is Gcn5‐, Ngg1‐, H3K9‐, and H3K18‐dependent. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these changes were similar to those associated with heat shock and were inversely correlated with the gene expression profiles of aged yeast and aged worms. Through a bioinformatic analysis, we also found that HAT inhibition activated subtelomeric genes in human cell lines. Together, our results suggest that inhibiting the HAT Gcn5 may be an effective means of increasing longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Dandan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yongpan An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Weiwei Dang
- Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing China
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute Peking University Beijing China
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Guo C, Li J, Steinauer N, Wong M, Wu B, Dickson A, Kalkum M, Zhang J. Histone deacetylase 3 preferentially binds and collaborates with the transcription factor RUNX1 to repress AML1-ETO-dependent transcription in t(8;21) AML. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4212-4223. [PMID: 32071087 PMCID: PMC7105303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In up to 15% of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), a recurring chromosomal translocation, termed t(8;21), generates the AML1-eight-twenty-one (ETO) leukemia fusion protein, which contains the DNA-binding domain of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and almost all of ETO. RUNX1 and the AML1-ETO fusion protein are coexpressed in t(8;21) AML cells and antagonize each other's gene-regulatory functions. AML1-ETO represses transcription of RUNX1 target genes by competitively displacing RUNX1 and recruiting corepressors such as histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Recent studies have shown that AML1-ETO and RUNX1 co-occupy the binding sites of AML1-ETO-activated genes. How this joined binding allows RUNX1 to antagonize AML1-ETO-mediated transcriptional activation is unclear. Here we show that RUNX1 functions as a bona fide repressor of transcription activated by AML1-ETO. Mechanistically, we show that RUNX1 is a component of the HDAC3 corepressor complex and that HDAC3 preferentially binds to RUNX1 rather than to AML1-ETO in t(8;21) AML cells. Studying the regulation of interleukin-8 (IL8), a newly identified AML1-ETO-activated gene, we demonstrate that RUNX1 and HDAC3 collaboratively repress AML1-ETO-dependent transcription, a finding further supported by results of genome-wide analyses of AML1-ETO-activated genes. These and other results from the genome-wide studies also have important implications for the mechanistic understanding of gene-specific coactivator and corepressor functions across the AML1-ETO/RUNX1 cistrome.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Nickolas Steinauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Madeline Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Brent Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Alexandria Dickson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104.
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Bhowmick K, Tehlan A, Sunita, Sudhakar R, Kaur I, Sijwali PS, Krishnamachari A, Dhar SK. Plasmodium falciparum GCN5 acetyltransferase follows a novel proteolytic processing pathway that is essential for its function. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.236489. [PMID: 31862795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum is interlinked with its timely control of gene expression during its complex life cycle. In this organism, gene expression is partially controlled through epigenetic mechanisms, the regulation of which is, hence, of paramount importance to the parasite. The P. falciparum (Pf)-GCN5 histone acetyltransferase (HAT), an essential enzyme, acetylates histone 3 and regulates global gene expression in the parasite. Here, we show the existence of a novel proteolytic processing for PfGCN5 that is crucial for its activity in vivo We find that a cysteine protease-like enzyme is required for the processing of PfGCN5 protein. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy analysis suggest that the processing event occurs in the vicinity of the digestive vacuole of the parasite following its trafficking through the classical ER-Golgi secretory pathway, before it subsequently reaches the nucleus. Furthermore, blocking of PfGCN5 processing leads to the concomitant reduction of its occupancy at the gene promoters and a reduced H3K9 acetylation level at these promoters, highlighting the important correlation between the processing event and PfGCN5 activity. Altogether, our study reveals a unique processing event for a nuclear protein PfGCN5 with unforeseen role of a food vacuolar cysteine protease. This leads to a possibility of the development of new antimalarials against these targets.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Bhowmick
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Tehlan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sunita
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Renu Sudhakar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telengana 500007, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Puran Singh Sijwali
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telengana 500007, India
| | | | - Suman Kumar Dhar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Xu M, You Z, Peng C, Gong Z, Liu W. Acetyltransferase GCN5 regulates autophagy and lysosome biogenesis by targeting TFEB. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48335. [PMID: 31750630 PMCID: PMC6945067 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence highlights the role of histone acetyltransferase GCN5 in the regulation of cell metabolism in metazoans. Here, we report that GCN5 is a negative regulator of autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic mechanism. In animal cells and Drosophila, GCN5 inhibits the biogenesis of autophagosomes and lysosomes by targeting TFEB, the master transcription factor for autophagy- and lysosome-related gene expression. We show that GCN5 is a specific TFEB acetyltransferase, and acetylation by GCN5 results in the decrease in TFEB transcriptional activity. Induction of autophagy inactivates GCN5, accompanied by reduced TFEB acetylation and increased lysosome formation. We further demonstrate that acetylation at K274 and K279 disrupts the dimerization of TFEB and the binding of TFEB to its target gene promoters. In a Tau-based neurodegenerative Drosophila model, deletion of dGcn5 improves the clearance of Tau protein aggregates and ameliorates the neurodegenerative phenotypes. Together, our results reveal GCN5 as a novel conserved TFEB regulator, and the regulatory mechanisms may be involved in autophagy- and lysosome-related physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yewei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jinna Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyuan You
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Chao Peng
- National Center for Protein Science ShanghaiInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zhefeng Gong
- Department of NeurobiologyKey Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of ChinaZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseaseFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Wang T, Xing J, Liu Z, Zheng M, Yao Y, Hu Z, Peng H, Xin M, Zhou D, Ni Z. Histone acetyltransferase GCN5-mediated regulation of long non-coding RNA At4 contributes to phosphate starvation response in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:6337-6348. [PMID: 31401648 PMCID: PMC6859718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate availability is becoming a limiting environmental factor that inhibits plant growth and development. Here, we demonstrated that mutation of the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 impaired phosphate starvation responses (PSRs) in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 888 GCN5-regulated candidate genes were potentially involved in responding to phosphate starvation. ChIP assay indicated that four genes, including a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) At4, are direct targets of GCN5 in PSR regulation. In addition, GCN5-mediated H3K9/14 acetylation of At4 determined dynamic At4 expression. Consistent with the function of At4 in phosphate distribution, mutation of GCN5 impaired phosphate accumulation between shoots and roots under phosphate deficiency condition, whereas constitutive expression of At4 in gcn5 mutants partially restored phosphate relocation. Further evidence proved that GCN5 regulation of At4 influenced the miRNA miR399 and its target PHO2 mRNA level. Taken together, we propose that GCN5-mediated histone acetylation plays a crucial role in PSR regulation via the At4-miR399-PHO2 pathway and provides a new epigenetic mechanism for the regulation of lncRNA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Daoxiu Zhou
- Institut of Plant Science Paris-Saclay, Université Paris sud, Orsay, France
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
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Farria AT, Mustachio LM, Akdemir ZHC, Dent SYR. GCN5 HAT inhibition reduces human Burkitt lymphoma cell survival through reduction of MYC target gene expression and impeding BCR signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5847-58. [PMID: 31645904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GCN5, the catalytic subunit in the acetyltransferase modules of SAGA and ATAC, functions as a coactivator of gene transcription. The SAGA complex is recruited to chromatin by transcription factors such as MYC and E2F1 to facilitate acetylation of histones, especially H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9). Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma driven by the overexpression of MYC. Comparison of GCN5 expression in normal human B cells versus human Burkitt Lymphoma cell lines indicates overexpression of GCN5 in lymphoma. Treatment of Burkitt lymphoma cell lines with a specific inhibitor indicates that decreased GCN5 HAT activity reduces viability and proliferation of these cells. Inhibition of GCN5 HAT activity also induces apoptosis in lymphoma cells. Expression of MYC target genes as well as genes associated with B cell receptor signaling are significantly downregulated upon inhibition of GCN5 enzymatic activity. This downregulation leads to diminished PI3K signaling, a critical pathway in lymphomagenesis. Our data indicate that inhibition of GCN5 HAT activity reduces the tumorigenic properties of human Burkitt lymphoma cells by attenuating BCR signaling and that GCN5 may be a viable target for lymphoma drug therapy.
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Li Y, Sun D, Sun W, Yin D. Retracted: Ras-PI3K-AKT signaling promotes the occurrence and development of uveal melanoma by downregulating H3K56ac expression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16032-16042. [PMID: 30770562 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignant tumor characterized by rapid progression and recurrence. The current conventional treatments are unsatisfactory. Histone acetylation at H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, whether H3K56ac prevents the occurrence and development of UM remains uninvestigated. The study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of H3K56ac on Ras-PI3K-AKT induced UM cells proliferation and migration. METHODS The vectors of pEGFP-RasWT , pEGFP-K-Ras G12V/Y40C , and pEGFP-N1 were transfected into MP46 cells, and protein levels of phosphorylated AKT Ser473 and H3K56ac were examined using western blot analysis. The effect of H3K56ac on cell proliferation and migration were studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) downstream genes. Further, the regulatory effects of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) on Ras-PI3K-AKT affected H3K56ac expression were also investigated. RESULTS H3K56ac expression was specifically downregulated by Ras-PI3K-AKT activation pathway. H3K56ac inhibited the tumorigenic effect of Ras-PI3K-AKT on MP46 cells viability, colony formation, and migration, as well as participated in regulating the transcription of PI3K/AKT downstream genes. SIRT1 silence recovered H3K56ac expression, and reversed the tumorigenic effect of Ras-PI3K-AKT activation on MP46 cells. Downregulation of H3K56ac induced by Ras-PI3K-AKT activation was found to be associated with MDM2-mediated the degradation of GCN5. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that Ras-PI3K-AKT signaling promoted UM cells proliferation and migration via downregulation of H3K56ac expression, which might be related to MDM2-mediated the degradation of GCN5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dajun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Mustachio LM, Roszik J, Farria AT, Guerra K, Dent SYR. Repression of GCN5 expression or activity attenuates c-MYC expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1830-1845. [PMID: 31497362 PMCID: PMC6726999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the highest mortality in cancer-related deaths. As these cancers often become resistant to existing therapies, definition of novel molecular targets is needed. Epigenetic modifiers may provide such targets. Recent reports suggest that the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module within the transcriptional coactivator SAGA complex plays a role in cancer, creating a new link between epigenetic regulators and this disease. GCN5 serves as a coactivator for MYC target genes, and here we investigate links between GCN5 and c-MYC in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our data indicate that both GCN5 and c-MYC proteins are upregulated in mouse and human NSCLC cells compared to normal lung epithelial cells. This trend is observable only at the protein level, indicating that this upregulation occurs post-transcriptionally. Human NSCLC tissue data provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicates that GCN5 and c-MYC expression are positively associated with one another and with the expression of c-MYC target genes. Depletion of GCN5 in NSCLC cells reduces c-MYC expression, cell proliferation, and increases the population of necrotic cells. Similarly, inhibition of the GCN5 catalytic site using a commercially available probe reduces c-MYC expression, cell proliferation, and increases the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. Our findings suggest that GCN5 might provide a novel target for inhibition of NSCLC growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Aimee T Farria
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Karla Guerra
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sharon YR Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
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