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Liu Z, Zhou S, Wang F, Xie H, Zhang J, Wu C, Xu D, Zhu Q. C5b-9 promotes ferritinophagy leading to ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells of trichloroethylene-sensitized mice. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171378. [PMID: 38447712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental contaminant that can cause a severe allergic reaction called TCE hypersensitivity syndrome, which often implicates the patient's kidneys. Our previous study revealed that C5b-9-induced tubular ferroptosis is involved in TCE-caused kidney damage. However, the study did not explain how tubule-specific C5b-9 causes free iron overload, a key event in ferroptosis. Here, we aimed to explore the role of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in C5b-9-induced iron overload and ferroptosis in TCE-sensitized mice. Our results showed that TCE sensitization does not affect iron import or export, but does affect iron storage, causing ferritin degradation and free iron overload. In addition, mitochondrial ROS was upregulated, and these changes were blocked by C5b-9 inhibition. Interestingly, TCE-induced ferritin degradation and ferroptosis were significantly antagonized by the application of the mitochondrial ROS inhibitor, Mito-TEMPO. Moreover, all of these modes of action were further verified in C5b-9-attack signalling HK-2 cells. Further investigation demonstrated that C5b-9-upregulated mitochondrial ROS induced a marked increase in nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), a master regulator of ferritinophagy. In addition, the application of NCOA4 small interfering RNA not only significantly reversed ferritinophagy caused by C5b-9 but also reduced C5b-9-induced ferroptosis in HK-2 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that tubule-specific C5b-9 deposition activates NCOA4 through the upregulation of mitochondrial ROS, causing ferritin degradation and elevated free iron, which ultimately leads to tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis and kidney injury in TCE-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sifan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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Li Y, Monte A, Dylla L, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Validation of dot blot immunoassay for measurement of complement opsonization of nanoparticles. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113668. [PMID: 38574804 PMCID: PMC11023749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Complement plays a critical role in the immune response toward nanomaterials. The complement attack on a foreign surface results in the deposition of C3, assembly of C3 convertases, the release of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and finally, the formation of membrane attack complex C5b-9. Various technologies can measure complement activation markers in the fluid phase, but measurements of surface C3 deposition are less common. Previously, we developed an ultracentrifugation-based dot blot immunoassay (DBI) to measure the deposition of C3 and other protein corona components on nanoparticles. Here, we validate the repeatability of the DBI and its correlation with pathway-specific and common fluid phase markers. Moreover, we discuss the advantages of DBI, such as cost-effectiveness and versatility, while addressing potential limitations. This study provides insights into complement activation at the nanosurface level, offering a valuable tool for nanomedicine researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Moein Moghimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Hiyamizu S, Ishida Y, Yasuda H, Kuninaka Y, Nosaka M, Ishigami A, Shimada E, Kimura A, Yamamoto H, Osako M, Zhang W, Goto U, Kamata T, Kondo T. Forensic significance of intracardiac expressions of Nrf2 in acute myocardial ischemia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4046. [PMID: 38374168 PMCID: PMC10876625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
When exposed to oxidative and electrophilic stress, a protective antioxidant response is initiated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the extent of its importance in the forensic diagnosis of acute ischemic heart diseases (AIHD), such as myocardial infarction (MI), remains uncertain. On the other hand, immunohistochemical analyses of fibronectin (FN) and the terminal complement complex (C5b-9) prove valuable in identifying myocardial ischemia that precedes necrosis during the postmortem diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD). In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical levels of Nrf2, FN, and C5b-9 in human cardiac samples to explore their forensic relevance for the identification of acute cardiac ischemia. Heart samples were obtained from 25 AIHD cases and 39 non-AIHD cases as controls. Nrf2 was localized in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes, while FN and C5b-9 were detected in the myocardial cytoplasm. The number of intranuclear Nrf2 positive signals in cardiomyocytes increased in AIHD cases compared to control cases. Additionally, the grading of positive portions of cardiac FN and C5b-9 in the myocardium was also significantly enhanced in AIHD, compared to controls. Collectively, these results indicate that the immunohistochemical investigation of Nrf2 combined with FN, and/or C5b-9 holds the potential for identifying early-stage myocardial ischemic lesions in cases of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shion Hiyamizu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Haruki Yasuda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishigami
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Emi Shimada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Miyu Osako
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Utako Goto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ten Kamata
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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Liu X, Hu Y, Yu X, Tan Y, Yu F, Chen M, Zhao M. Differential contributions of the C5b-9 and C5a/C5aR pathways to microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis in complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy patients. Clin Immunol 2024; 259:109871. [PMID: 38101498 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of the C5a/C5aR (C5a receptor) and C5b-9 pathways in macrovascular thrombosis (MAT) and renal microthrombosis (MIT), 73 renal biopsy-proven complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (C-TMA) patients were enrolled; 9 patients with pure MAT and 13 patients with pure MIT were selected for further study. Twenty-five external C-TMA patients were selected as the validation cohort. Plasma C5a and sC5b-9 (soluble C5b-9) levels were significantly higher in patients with MAT than in those with MIT (P = 0.008, P = 0.041, respectively). The mean optical density of C5aR1 in the kidney was significantly higher in MAT patients than in those with MIT (P < 0.001). Both urinary sC5b-9 levels (MIT: P < 0.001, MAT: P = 0.004) and renal deposition of C5b-9 (MIT: P < 0.001, MAT: P = 0.001) were significantly higher in C-TMA patients compared to normal control, but were similar between MAT and MIT groups. In the correlation analysis within 22C-TMA patients, urinary sC5b-9 levels and renal deposition of C5b-9 were positively correlated to renal MIT formation (P = 0.009 and P = 0.031, respectively). Furthermore, the renal citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)- and neutrophil elastase (NE)-positive area ratios were both significantly higher in the MAT group than in the MIT group (P = 0.006 and P = 0.020, respectively). Therefore, the local C5b-9 and C5a/C5aR1 pathways might have differential contributions to MIT and MAT formation in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Liu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Min Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, PR China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100034, PR China
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Hata J, Matsuoka K, Akaihata H, Meguro S, Honda-Takinami R, Onagi A, Koguchi T, Sato Y, Kataoka M, Uemura M, Kojima Y. The activated complement pathway in the fibrous process of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2024; 84:203-211. [PMID: 37876324 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the changes in activated complement pathway in the fibrous process of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we analyzed the correlation between complement component expression and histological types of fibrosis using human BPH tissue. METHODS Fifty-six histological BPH patients who underwent prostate needle biopsy at our institution (mean age 68.6 ± 6.5 years), divided into two histological groups, fibromuscular and fibrous, were compared. Inflammatory cell infiltration in BPH tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using CD45, with complement expression analysis performed using C3, factor B, and C5b-9 antibody, and the occupancy ratio of the stained region was calculated. Further, correlation between the histological types of fibrous components in BPH tissue and lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaires was analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-seven (48.2%) and 29 (51.8%) cases were classified in the fibromuscular and fibrous groups, respectively. The proportion of CD45-positive cells in BPH tissue was significantly higher in the fibromuscular group. In complement component analysis, factor B did not significantly differ between groups, while C3 (fibromuscular group; 10.7 ± 8.2%, fibrous group; 16.4 ± 12.7%) and C5b-9 (fibromuscular group; 15.9 ± 6.2%, fibrous group; 17.6 ± 9.2%) were significantly higher in the fibrous group (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, respectively). International Prostate Symptom Score Q5 subscore, indicating slow stream, was significantly higher in the fibrous group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In fibrous BPH with abundant fibrosis, the late complement pathway in addition to alternative pathway was activated compared to fibromuscular BPH. These results suggested that the alternative and late complement pathways were involved in the histological fibrous process of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Meguro
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ruriko Honda-Takinami
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akifumi Onagi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Kataoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Wu Z, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Xie M, Liu L, Luo C, Zheng F, Qiu W, Wang Y, Zhang J. ERK1/2-dependent activity of SOX9 is required for sublytic C5b-9-induced expression of FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 in rat Thy-1 nephritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111372. [PMID: 38118314 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and its related rat model Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) are associated with C5b-9 deposition and are characterized by proliferation of glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) and expansion of extracellular matrix (ECM) expansion, alongside overexpression of multiple growth factors. Although fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFα), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are well known for their proproliferative and profibrotic roles, the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the expression of these growth factors have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we found that sublytic C5b-9 induction of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) transactivated FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 genes in GMCs, resulting in a significant increase in their mRNA and protein levels. Besides, sublytic C5b-9 induction of activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylated SOX9 at serine 181 and serine 64, which enhanced SOX9's ability to transactivate FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 genes in GMCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibiting ERK1/2 activation or silencing either ERK1/2 or SOX9 gene led to reduced SOX9 phosphorylation, decreased generation of FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1, and ameliorated glomerular injury in rat Thy-1N. Overall, these findings suggest that expression of FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 is promoted by ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of SOX9, which may provide a valuable insight into the pathogenesis of MsPGN and offer a potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies for MsPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiao Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sicheng Zhou
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feixiang Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Massri M, Toonen EJ, Sarg B, Kremser L, Grasse M, Fleischer V, Torres-Quesada O, Hengst L, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Rosbjerg A, Garred P, Orth-Höller D, Prohászka Z, Würzner R. Complement C7 and clusterin form a complex in circulation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330095. [PMID: 38333209 PMCID: PMC10850381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The complement system is part of innate immunity and is comprised of an intricate network of proteins that are vital for host defense and host homeostasis. A distinct mechanism by which complement defends against invading pathogens is through the membrane attack complex (MAC), a lytic structure that forms on target surfaces. The MAC is made up of several complement components, and one indispensable component of the MAC is C7. The role of C7 in MAC assembly is well documented, however, inherent characteristics of C7 are yet to be investigated. Methods To shed light on the molecular characteristics of C7, we examined the properties of serum-purified C7 acquired using polyclonal and novel monoclonal antibodies. The properties of serum‑purified C7 were investigated through a series of proteolytic analyses, encompassing Western blot and mass spectrometry. The nature of C7 protein-protein interactions were further examined by a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as size‑exclusion chromatography. Results Protein analyses showcased an association between C7 and clusterin, an inhibitory complement regulator. The distinct association between C7 and clusterin was also demonstrated in serum-purified clusterin. Further assessment revealed that a complex between C7 and clusterin (C7-CLU) was detected. The C7-CLU complex was also identified in healthy serum and plasma donors, highlighting the presence of the complex in circulation. Discussion Clusterin is known to dissociate the MAC structure by binding to polymerized C9, nevertheless, here we show clusterin binding to the native form of a terminal complement protein in vivo. The presented data reveal that C7 exhibits characteristics beyond that of MAC assembly, instigating further investigation of the effector role that the C7-CLU complex plays in the complement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Massri
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Bettina Sarg
- Institute of Medical Biochemsitry, Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Institute of Medical Biochemsitry, Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Grasse
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Fleischer
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludger Hengst
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Immunology & Microbiology , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MB-LAB Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Kamegai N, Kim H, Suzuki Y, Fukui S, Kojima H, Maruyama S, Morgan BP, Zelek WM, Mizuno M. Complement terminal pathway inhibition reduces peritoneal injuries in a rat peritonitis model. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:209-218. [PMID: 37549240 PMCID: PMC10714190 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and the resulting peritoneal injuries are common problems that prevent long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy in patients with end-stage kidney diseases. Previously, we have analyzed the relationship between the complement system and progression of peritoneal injuries associated with PD, particularly focusing on the early activation pathways and effects of the anaphylatoxins. We here utilized a novel mAb 2H2 that blocks assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) to investigate roles of the complement terminal pathway in PD-associated peritoneal injury. We intraperitoneally injected mAb 2H2 anti-C5b-7 (2.5 or 5 mg/rat) once or twice over the five-day course of the experiment to investigate the effects of inhibiting formation of MAC in a fungal rat peritonitis model caused by repeated intraperitoneal administration of zymosan after methylglyoxal pretreatment (Zy/MGO model). Rats were sacrificed on day 5 and macroscopic changes in both parietal and visceral peritoneum evaluated. Peritoneal thickness, the abundance of fibrinogen and complement C3 and MAC deposition in tissue and accumulation of inflammatory cells were pathologically assessed. The results showed that mAb 2H2, but not isotype control mAb, reduced peritoneal thickness and accumulation of inflammatory cells in a dose and frequency-dependent manner in the Zy/MGO model. These effects were accompanied by decreased C3, MAC, and fibrinogen deposition in peritoneum. In conclusion, in the rat Zy/MGO model, complement terminal pathway activation and MAC formation substantially contributed to development of peritoneal injuries, suggesting that MAC-targeted therapies might be effective in preventing development of peritoneal injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kamegai
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hangsoo Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sosuke Fukui
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kojima
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, and Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wioleta Milena Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity, and Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang S, Broder A, Shao D, Kesarwani V, Boderman B, Aguilan J, Sidoli S, Suzuki M, Greally JM, Saenger YM, Rovin BH, Michelle Kahlenberg J. Urine Proteomics Link Complement Activation with Interstitial Fibrosis/Tubular Atrophy in Lupus Nephritis Patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 63:152263. [PMID: 37802003 PMCID: PMC10783434 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrarenal complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in lupus nephritis (LN) based on prior animal studies. The assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) by complement C5b to C9 on the cell membrane leads to cytotoxic pores and cell lysis, while CD59 inhibits MAC formation by preventing C9 from joining the complex. We hypothesize that complement activation and imbalance between complement activation and inhibition, as defined by increased production of individual complement components and uncontrolled MAC activation relative to CD59 inhibition, are associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) in LN and correlate with the key mediators of kidney fibrosis- transforming growth factor receptors beta (TGFRβ), platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFβ) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). METHODS We included urine samples from 46 adults and pediatric biopsy-proven lupus nephritis patients who underwent clinically indicated kidney biopsies between 2010 and 2019. We compared individual urinary complement components and the urinary C9-to-CD59 ratio between LN patients with moderate/severe IFTA and none/mild IFTA. IFTA was defined as none/mild (<25% of interstitium affected) versus moderate/severe (≥ 25% of interstitium affected). Proteomics analysis was performed using mass spectrometry (Orbitrap Fusion Lumos, Thermo Scientific) and processed by the Proteome Discoverer. Urinary complement proteins enriched in LN patients with moderate/severe IFTA were correlated with serum creatinine, TGFβR1, TGFβR2, PDGFβ, and PDGFRβ. RESULTS Of the 46 LN patients included in the study, 41 (89.1%) were women, 20 (43.5%) self-identified as Hispanic or Latino, and 26 (56.5%) self-identified as Black or African American. Ten of the 46 (21.7%) LN patients had moderate/severe IFTA on kidney biopsy. LN patients with moderate/severe IFTA had an increased urinary C9-to-CD59 ratio [median 0.91 (0.83-1.05) vs 0.81 (0.76-0.91), p=0.01]. Urinary C3 and CFI levels in LN patients with moderate/severe IFTA were higher compared to those with none/mild IFTA [C3 median (IQR) 24.4(23.5-25.5) vs. 20.2 (18.5-22.2), p= 0.02], [CFI medium (IQR) 28.8 (21.8-30.6) vs. 20.4 (18.5-22.9), p=0.01]. Complement C9, CD59, C3 and CFI correlated with TGFβR1, PDGFβ, and PDGFRβ, while C9, CD59 and C3 correlated with TGFβR2. CONCLUSION This study is one of the first to compare the urinary complement profile in LN patients with moderate/severe IFTA and none/mild IFTA in human tissues. This study identified C3, CFI, and C9-to-CD59 ratio as potential markers of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Anna Broder
- Division of Rheumatology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Daming Shao
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vartika Kesarwani
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, WI, USA
| | - Brianna Boderman
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Aguilan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Yvonne M Saenger
- Department of Oncology and Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Brad H Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Ying S, Liu L, Luo C, Liu Y, Zhao C, Ge W, Wu N, Ruan Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Qiu W, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 induces TIMP3 expression by glomerular mesangial cells via TRAF6-dependent KLF5 K63-linked ubiquitination in rat Thy-1 nephritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110970. [PMID: 37748221 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) is an experimental model for studying human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), and its pathological features are glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Although we have confirmed that renal lesions of Thy-1N rats are sublytic C5b-9-dependent, and ECM accumulation is related to tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, whether sublytic C5b-9 can induce TIMP production by GMC in Thy-1N rat and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the study, we proved that the expressions of TIMP3, krϋppel-like transcription factor 5 (KLF5) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were simultaneously up-regulated both in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in the GMC exposed to sublytic C5b-9 (in vitro). Further mechanism exploration discovered that KLF5 and TRAF6 as two upstream molecules could induce TIMP3 gene transcription through binding to the same region i.e., -1801nt to -1554nt (GGGGAGGGGC) and -228nt to -46nt (GCCCCGCCCC) of TIMP3 promoter. In the process, TRAF6 mediated KLF5 K63-linked ubiquitination at K99 and K100 enhancing KLF5 nuclear localization and binding to TIMP3 promoter, augmenting its gene activation. Furthermore, the experiments in vivo exhibited that silencing KLF5, TRAF6 or TIMP3 gene could markedly lessen renal KLF5 K63-linked ubiquitination or TIMP3 induction, ECM accumulation and other pathological changes of Thy-1N rats. Besides, the positive expressions of above-mentioned these proteins and ECM accumulation and their correlation in the renal tissues of MsPGN patients were also demonstrated. Overall, our findings implicate that KLF5 and TRAF6 play a promoting role in sublytic C5b-9-triggered TIMP3 gene transcription and expression, which might provide a novel mechanistic insight into rat Thy-1N and human MsPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ying
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Ge
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningxia Wu
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Muts RM, den Boer MA, Bardoel BW, Aerts PC, de Haas CJC, Heck AJR, Rooijakkers SHM, Heesterbeek DAC. Artificial surface labelling of Escherichia coli with StrepTagII antigen to study how monoclonal antibodies drive complement-mediated killing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18836. [PMID: 37914798 PMCID: PMC10620216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a key role in the immune defence against Gram-negative bacteria. After binding to bacterial surface antigens, IgG and IgM can activate the complement system and trigger formation of lytic membrane attack complex (MAC) pores. Molecular studies to compare functional activity of antibodies on bacteria are hampered by the limited availability of well-defined antibodies against bacterial surface antigens. Therefore, we genetically engineered E. coli by expressing the StrepTagII antigen into outer membrane protein X (OmpX) and validated that these engineered bacteria were recognised by anti-StrepTagII antibodies. We then combined this antigen-antibody system with a purified complement assay to avoid interference of serum components and directly compare MAC-mediated bacterial killing via IgG1 and pentameric IgM. While both IgG1 and IgM could induce MAC-mediated killing, we show that IgM has an increased capacity to induce complement-mediated killing of E. coli compared to IgG1. While Fc mutations that enhance IgG clustering after target binding could not improve MAC formation, mutations that cause formation of pre-assembled IgG hexamers enhanced the complement activating capacity of IgG1. Altogether, we here present a system to study antibody-dependent complement activation on E. coli and show IgM's enhanced capacity over IgG to induce complement-mediated lysis of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy M Muts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A den Boer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomic Center, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W Bardoel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet C Aerts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomic Center, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dani A C Heesterbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Stevens KH, Baas LM, van der Velden TJAM, Bouwmeester RN, van Dillen N, Dorresteijn EM, van Zuilen AD, Wetzels JFM, Michels MAHM, van de Kar NCAJ, van den Heuvel LP. Modeling complement activation on human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206409. [PMID: 37954621 PMCID: PMC10634509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare kidney disease caused by dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway. The complement dysregulation specifically leads to damage to the glomerular endothelium. To further understand aHUS pathophysiology, we validated an ex vivo model for measuring complement deposition on both control and patient human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (GMVECs). Methods Endothelial cells were incubated with human test sera and stained with an anti-C5b-9 antibody to visualize and quantify complement depositions on the cells with immunofluorescence microscopy. Results First, we showed that zymosan-activated sera resulted in increased endothelial C5b-9 depositions compared to normal human serum (NHS). The levels of C5b-9 depositions were similar between conditionally immortalized (ci)GMVECs and primary control GMVECs. The protocol with ciGMVECs was further validated and we additionally generated ciGMVECs from an aHUS patient. The increased C5b-9 deposition on control ciGMVECs by zymosan-activated serum could be dose-dependently inhibited by adding the C5 inhibitor eculizumab. Next, sera from five aHUS patients were tested on control ciGMVECs. Sera from acute disease phases of all patients showed increased endothelial C5b-9 deposition levels compared to NHS. The remission samples showed normalized C5b-9 depositions, whether remission was reached with or without complement blockage by eculizumab. We also monitored the glomerular endothelial complement deposition of an aHUS patient with a hybrid complement factor H (CFH)/CFH-related 1 gene during follow-up. This patient had already chronic kidney failure and an ongoing deterioration of kidney function despite absence of markers indicating an aHUS flare. Increased C5b-9 depositions on ciGMVECs were observed in all samples obtained throughout different diseases phases, except for the samples with eculizumab levels above target. We then tested the samples on the patient's own ciGMVECs. The C5b-9 deposition pattern was comparable and these aHUS patient ciGMVECs also responded similar to NHS as control ciGMVECs. Discussion In conclusion, we demonstrate a robust and reliable model to adequately measure C5b-9-based complement deposition on human control and patient ciGMVECs. This model can be used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of aHUS or other diseases associated with endothelial complement activation ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kes H. Stevens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Baas
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Thea J. A. M. van der Velden
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Romy N. Bouwmeester
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Niels van Dillen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eiske M. Dorresteijn
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan D. van Zuilen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jack F. M. Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marloes A. H. M. Michels
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. A. J. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Qi X, Liu Y, Chi H, Yang Y, Xiong Q, Li M, Yao R, Sun H, Li Z, Zhang J. Complement proteins in serum astrocyte-derived exosomes are associated with mild cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Neurosci Lett 2023; 810:137318. [PMID: 37271220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system plays a crucial role in cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the complement proteins levels in serum astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the patients with immune-mediated T1DM were enrolled. Healthy subjects matched for age and sex with T1DM patients were selected as controls. The cognitive function was evaluated by a Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire. The complement proteins including C5b-9, C3b and Factor B in serum ADEs were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS This study recruited 55 subjects immune-mediated T1DM patients without dementia, including 31 T1DM patients with MCI, 24 T1DM patients without MCI. 33 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. The results showed higher complement proteins including C5b-9, C3b and Factor B levels in ADEs from T1DM patients with MCI than those in the controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.006) and T1DM patients without MCI (P = 0.02, P = 0.02, P = 0.03). The C5b-9 levels in ADEs were independently associated with MCI in T1DM patients(OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.44, P = 0.04). The C5b-9 levels in ADEs were significantly correlated with global cognitive scores (β = -0.360, P<0.001) and visuo-executive (β = -0.132, P<0.001), language(β = -0.036, P = 0.026) and delayed recall score (β = -0.090,P = 0.007). There was no correlation between the C5b-9 levels in ADEs and the fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting c-peptide and GAD65 antibody in T1DM patients. Furthermore, the C5b-9, C3b and Factor B levels in ADEs exhibited a fair combined diagnostic value for MCI, with an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63-0.88, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The elevated C5b-9 levels in ADEswere significantly associated with theMCI in T1DM patients. The C5b-9 in ADEs may be used as a marker of MCI in T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China; Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Yachao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China; Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Yao
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Hairong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinbiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China.
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14
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Voisin TB, Couves EC, Tate EW, Bubeck D. Dynamics and Molecular Interactions of GPI-Anchored CD59. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:430. [PMID: 37505699 PMCID: PMC10467114 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD59 is a GPI-anchored cell surface receptor that serves as a gatekeeper to controlling pore formation. It is the only membrane-bound inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), an immune pore that can damage human cells. While CD59 blocks MAC pores, the receptor is co-opted by bacterial pore-forming proteins to target human cells. Recent structures of CD59 in complexes with binding partners showed dramatic differences in the orientation of its ectodomain relative to the membrane. Here, we show how GPI-anchored CD59 can satisfy this diversity in binding modes. We present a PyLipID analysis of coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations of a CD59-inhibited MAC to reveal residues of complement proteins (C6:Y285, C6:R407 C6:K412, C7:F224, C8β:F202, C8β:K326) that likely interact with lipids. Using modules of the MDAnalysis package to investigate atomistic simulations of GPI-anchored CD59, we discover properties of CD59 that encode the flexibility necessary to bind both complement proteins and bacterial virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas B. Voisin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Emma C. Couves
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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15
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Couves EC, Gardner S, Voisin TB, Bickel JK, Stansfeld PJ, Tate EW, Bubeck D. Structural basis for membrane attack complex inhibition by CD59. Nat Commun 2023; 14:890. [PMID: 36797260 PMCID: PMC9935631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD59 is an abundant immuno-regulatory receptor that protects human cells from damage during complement activation. Here we show how the receptor binds complement proteins C8 and C9 at the membrane to prevent insertion and polymerization of membrane attack complex (MAC) pores. We present cryo-electron microscopy structures of two inhibited MAC precursors known as C5b8 and C5b9. We discover that in both complexes, CD59 binds the pore-forming β-hairpins of C8 to form an intermolecular β-sheet that prevents membrane perforation. While bound to C8, CD59 deflects the cascading C9 β-hairpins, rerouting their trajectory into the membrane. Preventing insertion of C9 restricts structural transitions of subsequent monomers and indirectly halts MAC polymerization. We combine our structural data with cellular assays and molecular dynamics simulations to explain how the membrane environment impacts the dual roles of CD59 in controlling pore formation of MAC, and as a target of bacterial virulence factors which hijack CD59 to lyse human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Couves
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Gardner
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas B Voisin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine K Bickel
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip J Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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16
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Ng ESY, Kady N, Hu J, Dave A, Jiang Z, Pei J, Gorin MB, Matynia A, Radu RA. Membrane Attack Complex Mediates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Death in Stargardt Macular Degeneration. Cells 2022; 11:3462. [PMID: 36359858 PMCID: PMC9655712 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) is an inherited retinopathy caused by mutations in the ABCA4 gene. The ABCA4 protein is a phospholipid-retinoid flippase in the outer segments of photoreceptors and the internal membranes of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Here, we show that RPE cells derived via induced pluripotent stem-cell from a molecularly and clinically diagnosed STGD1 patient exhibited reduced ABCA4 protein and diminished activity compared to a normal subject. Consequently, STGD1 RPE cells accumulated intracellular autofluorescence-lipofuscin and displayed increased complement C3 activity. The level of C3 inversely correlated with the level of CD46, an early negative regulator of the complement cascade. Persistent complement dysregulation led to deposition of the membrane attack complex on the surface of RPE cells, decrease in transepithelial resistance, and subsequent cell death. These findings are strong evidence of complement-mediated RPE cell damage in STGD1, in the absence of photoreceptors, caused by reduced CD46 regulatory protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Sze Yin Ng
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nermin Kady
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jane Hu
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arpita Dave
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhichun Jiang
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jacqueline Pei
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael B. Gorin
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Matynia
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roxana A. Radu
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Liu Z, Ma J, Zuo X, Zhang X, Hong Y, Cai S, Huang H, Wang F, Wu C, Zhang J, Zhu Q. C5b-9 mediates ferroptosis of tubular epithelial cells in trichloroethylene-sensitization mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 244:114020. [PMID: 36049330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Occupational medicamentose-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene (OMDT) is a key but unresolved question. OMDT patients often present multiple organ damage, including kidney damage. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of our study was to explore the effect of tubule-specific C5b-9 deposition induced by TCE sensitization on renal tubular ferroptosis and its mechanism. By analyzing pathological changes of TCE-sensitization-mice kidney, we observed a significant renal tubular ferroptosis, which was alleviated by CD59, a C5b-9 inhibitory protein. Moreover, this phenomenon was also replicated in a C5b-9-attacked HK-2 cell model. Further experiments identified that C5b-9 induced cytosolic Ca2+ overload in renal tubular epithelia cells from TCE-sensitization-mice and HK-2 cells. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, could rescued ferroptosis induced by C5b-9 in HK-2 cells. Taken together, TCE sensitization induced renal tubular ferroptosis is mediated by C5b-9 and cytosolic Ca2+ overload may play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xulei Zuo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiting Hong
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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18
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Jimenez-Duran G, Kozole J, Peltier-Heap R, Dickinson ER, Kwiatkowski CR, Zappacosta F, Annan RS, Galwey NW, Nichols EM, Modis LK, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Booty LM. Complement membrane attack complex is an immunometabolic regulator of NLRP3 activation and IL-18 secretion in human macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918551. [PMID: 36248901 PMCID: PMC9554752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and critical part of innate immunity. Recent studies have highlighted novel roles of complement beyond lysis of invading pathogens with implications in regulating the innate immune response, as well as contributing to metabolic reprogramming of T-cells, synoviocytes as well as cells in the CNS. These findings hint that complement can be an immunometabolic regulator, but whether this is also the case for the terminal step of the complement pathway, the membrane attack complex (MAC) is not clear. In this study we focused on determining whether MAC is an immunometabolic regulator of the innate immune response in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here, we uncover previously uncharacterized metabolic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction occurring downstream of MAC deposition. These alterations in glycolytic flux and mitochondrial morphology and function mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and gasdermin D formation. Together, these data elucidate a novel signalling cascade, with metabolic alterations at its center, in MAC-stimulated human macrophages that drives an inflammatory consequence in an immunologically relevant cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Jimenez-Duran
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Kozole
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Peltier-Heap
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor R. Dickinson
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesca Zappacosta
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roland S. Annan
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Galwey
- Research Statistics, Development Biostatistics, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martha Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kathy Triantafilou, TriantafilouK@cardiff. ac. uk; Lee M. Booty,
| | - Lee M. Booty
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kathy Triantafilou, TriantafilouK@cardiff. ac. uk; Lee M. Booty,
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19
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Mulfaul K, Russell JF, Voigt AP, Stone EM, Tucker BA, Mullins RF. The Essential Role of the Choriocapillaris in Vision: Novel Insights from Imaging and Molecular Biology. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2022; 8:33-52. [PMID: 36108103 PMCID: PMC9668353 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-085958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The choriocapillaris, a dense capillary network located at the posterior pole of the eye, is essential for supporting normal vision, supplying nutrients, and removing waste products from photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. The anatomical location, heterogeneity, and homeostatic interactions with surrounding cell types make the choroid complex to study both in vivo and in vitro. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing, in vivo imaging, and in vitro cell modeling are vastly improving our knowledge of the choroid and its role in normal health and in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Histologically, loss of endothelial cells (ECs) of the choriocapillaris occurs early in AMD concomitant with elevated formation of the membrane attack complex of complement. Advanced imaging has allowed us to visualize early choroidal blood flow changes in AMD in living patients, supporting histological findings of loss of choroidal ECs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is being used to characterize choroidal cell types transcriptionally and discover their altered patterns of gene expression in aging and disease. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell protocols and 3D cultures will allow us to closely mimic the in vivo microenvironment of the choroid in vitro to better understand the mechanism leading to choriocapillaris loss in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mulfaul
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
| | - Jonathan F Russell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
| | - Andrew P Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
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20
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Couves EC, Bubeck D. Capturing pore-forming intermediates of MACPF and binary toxin assemblies by cryoEM. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102401. [PMID: 35700576 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Deployed by both pathogenic bacteria and host immune systems, pore-forming proteins rupture target membranes and can serve as conduits for effector proteins. Understanding how these proteins work relies on capturing assembly intermediates. Advances in cryoEM allowing in silico purification of heterogeneous assemblies has led to new insights into two main classes of pore-forming proteins: membrane attack complex perforin (MACPF) proteins and binary toxins. The structure of an immune activation complex, sMAC, shows how pores form by sequential templating and insertion of β-hairpins. CryoEM structures of bacterial binary toxins present a series of transitions along the pore formation pathway and reveal a general mechanism of effector protein translocation. Future developments in time-resolved cryoEM could capture and place short-lived states along the trajectory of pore-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Couves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/@EmmaCouves
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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21
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Gytz Olesen H, Michailidou I, Zelek WM, Vreijling J, Ruizendaal P, de Klein F, Marquart JA, Kuipers TB, Mei H, Zhang Y, Ahasan M, Johnson KK, Wang Y, Morgan BP, van Dijk M, Fluiter K, Andersen GR, Baas F. Development, Characterization, and in vivo Validation of a Humanized C6 Monoclonal Antibody that Inhibits the Membrane Attack Complex. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:16-36. [PMID: 35551129 PMCID: PMC10643903 DOI: 10.1159/000524587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage and disease of nerves activates the complement system. We demonstrated that activation of the terminal pathway of the complement system leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) and delays regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Animals deficient in the complement component C6 showed improved recovery after neuronal trauma. Thus, inhibitors of the MAC might be of therapeutic use in neurological disease. Here, we describe the development, structure, mode of action, and properties of a novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody, CP010, against C6 that prevents formation of the MAC in vivo. The monoclonal antibody is humanized and specific for C6 and binds to an epitope in the FIM1-2 domain of human and primate C6 with sub-nanomolar affinity. Using biophysical and structural studies, we show that the anti-C6 antibody prevents the interaction between C6 and C5/C5b by blocking the C6 FIM1-2:C5 C345c axis. Systemic administration of the anti-C6 mAb caused complete depletion of free C6 in circulation in transgenic rats expressing human C6 and thereby inhibited MAC formation. The antibody prevented disease in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and ameliorated relapse in chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in human C6 transgenic rats. CP010 is a promising complement C6 inhibitor that prevents MAC formation. Systemic administration of this C6 monoclonal antibody has therapeutic potential in the treatment of neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gytz Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Dementia Research Institute, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Ferry de Klein
- Core Facility Genomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas B Kuipers
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuchun Zhang
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Muhammad Ahasan
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Dementia Research Institute, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kees Fluiter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Complement Pharma BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Magda M, Bettoni S, Laabei M, Fairley D, Russo TA, Riesbeck K, Blom AM. Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter spp. Are Highly Serum Resistant Despite Efficient Recognition by the Complement System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814193. [PMID: 35173727 PMCID: PMC8841485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Acinetobacter are responsible for life-threating hospital-related infections such as pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised patients. Worryingly, Acinetobacter have become multi- and extensively drug resistant (MDR/XDR) over the last few decades. The complement system is the first line of defense against microbes, thus it is highly important to increase our understanding of evasion mechanisms used by Acinetobacter spp. Here, we studied clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. (n=50), aiming to characterize their recognition by the complement system. Most isolates tested survived 1 h incubation in 30% serum, and only 8 isolates had a lower survival rate, yet none of those isolates were fully killed. Intriguingly, four isolates survived in human whole blood containing all cell component. Their survival was, however, significantly reduced. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that most of the isolates were detected by human IgG and IgM. Interestingly, we could not detect any significant concentration of deposited C1q, despite observing C4b deposition that was abolished in C1q-deficient serum, indicating transient binding of C1q to bacteria. Moreover, several isolates were recognized by MBL, with C4b deposition abolished in MBL-deficient serum. C3b was deposited on most isolates, but this was not, however, seen with respect to C5b and formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), indicating that many isolates could avoid complement-mediated lysis. India ink staining showed that isolates were capsulated, and capsule thickness varied significantly between isolates. Studies performed on a wild-type strain and capsule mutant strains, demonstrated that the production of a capsular polysaccharide is one mechanism that mediates resistance to complement-mediated bactericidal activity by preventing MAC deposition and lysis. Our data showed that most clinical Acinetobacter spp. isolates are highly serum resistant despite being efficiently recognized by the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Magda
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Fairley
- Department of Microbiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Russo
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Anna M. Blom,
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23
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Fox CR, Parks GD. Complement Inhibitors Vitronectin and Clusterin Are Recruited from Human Serum to the Surface of Coronavirus OC43-Infected Lung Cells through Antibody-Dependent Mechanisms. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010029. [PMID: 35062233 PMCID: PMC8780186 DOI: 10.3390/v14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of complement (C’) in infections with highly prevalent circulating human coronaviruses such as OC43, a group of viruses of major public health concern. Treatment of OC43-infected human lung cells with human serum resulted in C3 deposition on their surfaces and generation of C5a, indicating robust C’ activation. Real-time cell viability assays showed that in vitro C’-mediated lysis of OC43 infected cells requires C3, C5 and C6 but not C7, and was substantially delayed as compared to rapid C’-mediated killing of parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5)-infected cells. In cells co-infected with OC43 and PIV5, C’-mediated lysis was delayed, similar to OC43 infected cells alone, suggesting that OC43 infection induced dominant inhibitory signals. When OC43-infected cells were treated with human serum, their cell surfaces contained both Vitronectin (VN) and Clusterin (CLU), two host cell C’ inhibitors that can alter membrane attack complex (MAC) formation and C’-mediated killing. VN and CLU were not bound to OC43-infected cells after treatment with antibody-depleted serum. Reconstitution experiments with purified IgG and VN showed that human antibodies are both necessary and sufficient for VN recruitment to OC43-infected lung cells–novel findings with implications for CoV pathogenesis.
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24
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Kraševec N, Panevska A, Lemež Š, Razinger J, Sepčić K, Anderluh G, Podobnik M. Lipid-Binding Aegerolysin from Biocontrol Fungus Beauveria bassiana. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:820. [PMID: 34822604 PMCID: PMC8624791 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most common pathogens of insects and thus important regulators of their populations. Lipid-binding aegerolysin proteins, which are commonly found in the fungal kingdom, may be involved in several biologically relevant processes including attack and defense against other organisms. Aegerolysins act alone or together with membrane-attack-complex/perforin (MACPF)-like proteins to form transmembrane pores that lead to cell lysis. We performed an in-depth bioinformatics analysis of aegerolysins in entomopathogenic fungi and selected a candidate aegerolysin, beauveriolysin A (BlyA) from Beauveria bassiana. BlyA was expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, and purified to further determine its functional and structural properties, including lipid-binding ability. Aegerolysins were found to be encoded in genomes of entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria, Cordyceps, Metarhizium and Ophiocordyceps. Detailed bioinformatics analysis revealed that they are linked to MACPF-like genes in most genomes. We also show that BlyA interacts with an insect-specific membrane lipid. These results were placed in the context of other fungal and bacterial aegerolysins and their partner proteins. We believe that aegerolysins play a role in promoting the entomopathogenic and antagonistic activity of B. bassiana, which is an active ingredient of bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Kraševec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Anastasija Panevska
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Špela Lemež
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Biotechnology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Razinger
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
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25
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Kim DM, Kim Y, Seo JW, Lee J, Park U, Ha NY, Koh J, Park H, Lee JW, Ro HJ, Yun NR, Kim DY, Yoon SH, Na YS, Moon DS, Lim SC, Kim CM, Jeon K, Kang JG, Jang NY, Jeong H, Kim J, Cheon S, Sohn KM, Moon JY, Kym S, Han SR, Lee MS, Kim HJ, Park WY, Choi JY, Shin HW, Kim HY, Cho CH, Jeon YK, Kim YS, Cho NH. Enhanced eosinophil-mediated inflammation associated with antibody and complement-dependent pneumonic insults in critical COVID-19. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109798. [PMID: 34587481 PMCID: PMC8450316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the worldwide effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the underlying mechanisms of fatal viral pneumonia remain elusive. Here, we show that critical COVID-19 is associated with enhanced eosinophil-mediated inflammation when compared to non-critical cases. In addition, we confirm increased T helper (Th)2-biased adaptive immune responses, accompanying overt complement activation, in the critical group. Moreover, enhanced antibody responses and complement activation are associated with disease pathogenesis as evidenced by formation of immune complexes and membrane attack complexes in airways and vasculature of lung biopsies from six fatal cases, as well as by enhanced hallmark gene set signatures of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) signaling and complement activation in myeloid cells of respiratory specimens from critical COVID-19 patients. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may drive specific innate immune responses, including eosinophil-mediated inflammation, and subsequent pulmonary pathogenesis via enhanced Th2-biased immune responses, which might be crucial drivers of critical disease in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoree Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sub Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yoon Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhyea Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youg Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kym
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ro Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Geninus Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Diaz-del-Olmo I, Worboys J, Martin-Sanchez F, Gritsenko A, Ambrose AR, Tannahill GM, Nichols EM, Lopez-Castejon G, Davis DM. Internalization of the Membrane Attack Complex Triggers NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Secretion in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720655. [PMID: 34650553 PMCID: PMC8506164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) plays a major role in inflammation and is secreted by immune cells, such as macrophages, upon recognition of danger signals. Its secretion is regulated by the inflammasome, the assembly of which results in caspase 1 activation leading to gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation and IL-1β release. During inflammation, danger signals also activate the complement cascade, resulting in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Here, we report that stimulation of LPS-primed human macrophages with sub-lytic levels of MAC results in activation of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated IL-1β release. The MAC is first internalized into endosomes and then colocalizes with inflammasome components; adapter protein apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and NLRP3. Pharmacological inhibitors established that MAC-triggered activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was dependent on MAC endocytosis. Internalization of the MAC also caused dispersion of the trans-Golgi network. Thus, these data uncover a role for the MAC in activating the inflammasome and triggering IL-1β release in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Diaz-del-Olmo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Worboys
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fatima Martin-Sanchez
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gritsenko
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley R. Ambrose
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Davis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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27
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McMahon O, Hallam TM, Patel S, Harris CL, Menny A, Zelek WM, Widjajahakim R, Java A, Cox TE, Tzoumas N, Steel DHW, Shuttleworth VG, Smith-Jackson K, Brocklebank V, Griffiths H, Cree AJ, Atkinson JP, Lotery AJ, Bubeck D, Morgan BP, Marchbank KJ, Seddon JM, Kavanagh D. The rare C9 P167S risk variant for age-related macular degeneration increases polymerization of the terminal component of the complement cascade. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1188-1199. [PMID: 33783477 PMCID: PMC8212764 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex neurodegenerative eye disease with behavioral and genetic etiology and is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among elderly Caucasians. Functionally significant genetic variants in the alternative pathway of complement have been strongly linked to disease. More recently, a rare variant in the terminal pathway of complement has been associated with increased risk, Complement component 9 (C9) P167S. To assess the functional consequence of this variant, C9 levels were measured in two independent cohorts of AMD patients. In both cohorts, it was demonstrated that the P167S variant was associated with low C9 plasma levels. Further analysis showed that patients with advanced AMD had elevated sC5b-9 compared to those with non-advanced AMD, although this was not associated with the P167S polymorphism. Electron microscopy of membrane attack complexes (MACs) generated using recombinantly produced wild type or P167S C9 demonstrated identical MAC ring structures. In functional assays, the P167S variant displayed a higher propensity to polymerize and a small increase in its ability to induce hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes when added to C9-depleted serum. The demonstration that this C9 P167S AMD risk polymorphism displays increased polymerization and functional activity provides a rationale for the gene therapy trials of sCD59 to inhibit the terminal pathway of complement in AMD that are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- O McMahon
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - T M Hallam
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - S Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - C L Harris
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - A Menny
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - W M Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - R Widjajahakim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - A Java
- Divisions of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - T E Cox
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - N Tzoumas
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - D H W Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - V G Shuttleworth
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - K Smith-Jackson
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - V Brocklebank
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - H Griffiths
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - A J Cree
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J P Atkinson
- Divisions of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - D Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - B P Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - K J Marchbank
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - J M Seddon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - D Kavanagh
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
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28
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Jackson WD, Gulino A, Fossati-Jimack L, Castro Seoane R, Tian K, Best K, Köhl J, Belmonte B, Strid J, Botto M. C3 Drives Inflammatory Skin Carcinogenesis Independently of C5. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:404-414.e6. [PMID: 32682912 PMCID: PMC8150327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common form of cancer and can occur as a consequence of DNA damage to the epithelium by UVR or chemical carcinogens. There is growing evidence that the complement system is involved in cancer immune surveillance; however, its role in cSCC remains unclear. Here, we show that complement genes are expressed in tissue from patients with cSCC, and C3 activation fragments are present in cSCC biopsies, indicating complement activation. Using a range of complement-deficient mice in a two-stage mouse model of chemically-induced cSCC, where a subclinical dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene causes oncogenic mutations in epithelial cells and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotes the outgrowth of these cells, we found that C3-deficient mice displayed a significantly reduced tumor burden, whereas an opposite phenotype was observed in mice lacking C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3a receptor. In addition, in mice unable to form the membrane attack complex, the tumor progression was unaltered. C3 deficiency did not affect the cancer response to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment alone but reduced the epidermal hyperplasia during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation. Collectively, these data indicate that C3 drives tumorigenesis during chronic skin inflammation, independently of the downstream generation of C5a or membrane attack complex.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/administration & dosage
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Carcinogens/administration & dosage
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Complement Activation/genetics
- Complement Activation/immunology
- Complement C3/genetics
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Complement C5/metabolism
- Complement Membrane Attack Complex/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/genetics
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Jackson
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Castro Seoane
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kunyuan Tian
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Best
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jessica Strid
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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29
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Heesterbeek DAC, Muts RM, van Hensbergen VP, de Saint Aulaire P, Wennekes T, Bardoel BW, van Sorge NM, Rooijakkers SHM. Outer membrane permeabilization by the membrane attack complex sensitizes Gram-negative bacteria to antimicrobial proteins in serum and phagocytes. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009227. [PMID: 33481964 PMCID: PMC7886145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with Gram-negative bacteria form an increasing risk for human health due to antibiotic resistance. Our immune system contains various antimicrobial proteins that can degrade the bacterial cell envelope. However, many of these proteins do not function on Gram-negative bacteria, because the impermeable outer membrane of these bacteria prevents such components from reaching their targets. Here we show that complement-dependent formation of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) pores permeabilizes this barrier, allowing antimicrobial proteins to cross the outer membrane and exert their antimicrobial function. Specifically, we demonstrate that MAC-dependent outer membrane damage enables human lysozyme to degrade the cell wall of E. coli. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we show that the combination of MAC pores and lysozyme triggers effective E. coli cell wall degradation in human serum, thereby altering the bacterial cell morphology from rod-shaped to spherical. Completely assembled MAC pores are required to sensitize E. coli to the antimicrobial actions of lysozyme and other immune factors, such as Human Group IIA-secreted Phospholipase A2. Next to these effects in a serum environment, we observed that the MAC also sensitizes E. coli to more efficient degradation and killing inside human neutrophils. Altogether, this study serves as a proof of principle on how different players of the human immune system can work together to degrade the complex cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. This knowledge may facilitate the development of new antimicrobials that could stimulate or work synergistically with the immune system. In this paper we identified how different players of the human immune system cooperate to degrade the complex cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria forms an impermeable barrier for various antimicrobial proteins of the immune system. Here we show that complement-dependent Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) formation permeabilizes this barrier, allowing otherwise impermeable antimicrobial proteins to reach their targets underneath the outer membrane. Specifically, we show that outer membrane damage by the MAC allows lysozyme to degrade the peptidoglycan layer, and secreted phospholipase A2-IIA to hydrolyze the bacterial inner membrane. MAC formation also sensitizes Gram-negative bacteria to more efficient degradation and killing inside human neutrophils. Altogether, this knowledge may guide the development of new antimicrobial strategies to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani A. C. Heesterbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remy M. Muts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent P. van Hensbergen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Saint Aulaire
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W. Bardoel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M. van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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30
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Xie H, Yang L, Yang Y, Jiang W, Wang X, Huang M, Zhang J, Zhu Q. C5b-9 membrane attack complex activated NLRP3 inflammasome mediates renal tubular immune injury in trichloroethylene sensitized mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111439. [PMID: 33039874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) induced occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis (OMLDT) in patients is accompanied, typically, by renal damage. But the role of C5b-9 and IL-1β in TCE-sensitized mouse renal tubular damage is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether TCE-sensitized mouse renal tubular epithelial cell damage was induced by NLRP3 inflammasome and whether NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by sublytic C5b-9. In total, 52 specific pathogen-free BALB/c female mice, 6- to 8-week-old, were used for establishing the TCE-sensitized mouse model. Renal tubular epithelial cells were isolated and used for determining the sublytic level of C5b-9. Kidney histological examination, serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) level were used for kidney damage evaluation. Renal protein levels of C5b-9, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured. The renal lesions, serum NGAL level, renal NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β protein levels all increased significantly in TCE sensitized positive group. However, pretreatment with recombinant protein sCD59-Cys inhibited the expression of C5b-9, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-18, and attenuated renal tubular epithelial cell damage. The sublytic C5b-9 activated NLRP3 inflammasome and aggravated renal tubular epithelial cell damage. Pretreatment with recombinant protein sCD59-Cys blocked the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting the expression of C5b-9, and alleviating renal tubular epithelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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31
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Skendros P, Mitsios A, Chrysanthopoulou A, Mastellos DC, Metallidis S, Rafailidis P, Ntinopoulou M, Sertaridou E, Tsironidou V, Tsigalou C, Tektonidou M, Konstantinidis T, Papagoras C, Mitroulis I, Germanidis G, Lambris JD, Ritis K. Complement and tissue factor-enriched neutrophil extracellular traps are key drivers in COVID-19 immunothrombosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:6151-6157. [PMID: 32759504 PMCID: PMC7598040 DOI: 10.1172/jci141374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that complement and neutrophils contribute to the maladaptive immune response that fuels hyperinflammation and thrombotic microangiopathy, thereby increasing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Here, we investigated how complement interacts with the platelet/neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)/thrombin axis, using COVID-19 specimens, cell-based inhibition studies, and NET/human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) cocultures. Increased plasma levels of NETs, tissue factor (TF) activity, and sC5b-9 were detected in patients. Neutrophils of patients yielded high TF expression and released NETs carrying active TF. Treatment of control neutrophils with COVID-19 platelet-rich plasma generated TF-bearing NETs that induced thrombotic activity of HAECs. Thrombin or NETosis inhibition or C5aR1 blockade attenuated platelet-mediated NET-driven thrombogenicity. COVID-19 serum induced complement activation in vitro, consistent with high complement activity in clinical samples. Complement C3 inhibition with compstatin Cp40 disrupted TF expression in neutrophils. In conclusion, we provide a mechanistic basis for a pivotal role of complement and NETs in COVID-19 immunothrombosis. This study supports strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that exploit complement or NETosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Skendros
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, and
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mitsios
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Simeon Metallidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Rafailidis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Ntinopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Sertaridou
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Victoria Tsironidou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theocharis Konstantinidis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papagoras
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, and
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, and
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, and
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Abstract
We herein report a 56-year-old Japanese woman who had been diagnosed with hereditary angioedema. She experienced progressing muscle weakness and pain in the upper and lower extremities. Blood tests revealed a marked increase in creatine kinase levels; however, myositis-specific autoantibodies were not detected. Serum C1-inhibitor activity and C4 levels were low. A muscle biopsy showed mild muscle fiber necrosis and C5b-9 deposition in the endomysial capillary vessel walls and sarcolemma, mimicking necrotizing myopathy. These results suggest that C1-inhibitor deficiency induces myositis-like symptoms through the activation of the complement pathway and deposition of the membrane attack complex in the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rika Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chizu Saeki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mikito Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Huang C, Fisher KP, Hammer SS, Busik JV. Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Classical Complement Activation Leads to Retinal Endothelial Cell Damage via MAC Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051693. [PMID: 32121610 PMCID: PMC7084203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that there is a link between membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition in the retina and the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our recent investigation demonstrated that circulating IgG-laden extracellular vesicles contribute to an increase in retinal vascular permeability in DR through activation of the complement system. However, the mechanism through which extracellular vesicle-induced complement activation contributes to retinal vascular cytolytic damage in DR is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IgG-laden extracellular vesicles in rat plasma activate the classical complement pathway, and in vitro Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetic plasma results in MAC deposition and cytolytic damage in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). Moreover, removal of the plasma extracellular vesicles reduced the MAC deposition and abrogated cytolytic damage seen in HRECs. Together, the results of this study demonstrate that complement activation by IgG-laden extracellular vesicles in plasma could lead to MAC deposition and contribute to endothelium damage and progression of DR.
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Yu S, Shen Z, Han X, Chai Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Lin X, Cui M, Zhang F, Li Q, Zhu Q. Molecular characterization and complement activating functional analysis of a new collectin(TfCol-11) from Trachidermus fasciatus. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 102:103486. [PMID: 31473265 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a crucial component of the innate immune system that links innate and adaptive immunity. CL-11, a protein similar to Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), plays significant role in the innate immune system in mammals and fish, serving as an initiator of the lectin pathway of complement activation. In this study, a CL-11 homolog (TfCol-11) was identified in roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus), and its expression and role in immune responses were characterized. The open reading frame of TfCol-11 is 795 bp long, encoding a 264 amino acid polypeptide. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein is highly homologous to sequences in other teleosts, and is similar to vertebrate CL-11, containing a canonical collagen-like region, a carbohydrate recognition domain, and a neck region. Recombinant TfCol-11 purified from Escherichia coli(E.coli) was able to bind to different microbes in a Ca2+-independent manner. Meanwhile, a 993 bp-long of partial MASP cDNA with a 96 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) was also cloned from roughskin sculpin, containing 299 amino acids and consisting of three domains (CUB-EGF-CUB). qRT-PCR indicated that TfCol-11 and MASP mRNAs were predominately co-expressed in the liver. The temporal expression of TfCol-11 and MASP were both drastically up-regulated in the liver, skin, and blood by LPS challenge. Recombinant TfCol-11 purified from E.coli BL21(DE3) was able to agglutinate some bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In addition, an in vitro pull-down experiment demonstrated that TfCol-11 was able to bind to MASP, and in vivo experiments showed that TfCol-11 was associated with increased membrane attack complex (MAC) levels. It is therefore possible that TfCol-11 may plays a role in activating the complement system and in the defense against invading microorganisms in roughskin sculpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Zilin Shen
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Yingmei Chai
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Lin
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Mengran Cui
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qiguang Li
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China.
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Eriksson O, Mohlin C, Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN. The Human Platelet as an Innate Immune Cell: Interactions Between Activated Platelets and the Complement System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1590. [PMID: 31354729 PMCID: PMC6635567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in the circulatory system after an injury by forming a platelet thrombus, but they also occupy a central node in the intravascular innate immune system. This concept is supported by their extensive interactions with immune cells and the cascade systems of the blood. In this review we discuss the close relationship between platelets and the complement system and the role of these interactions during thromboinflammation. Platelets are protected from complement-mediated damage by soluble and membrane-expressed complement regulators, but they bind several complement components on their surfaces and trigger complement activation in the fluid phase. Furthermore, localized complement activation may enhance the procoagulant responses of platelets through the generation of procoagulant microparticles by insertion of sublytic amounts of C5b9 into the platelet membrane. We also highlight the role of post-translational protein modifications in regulating the complement system and the critical role of platelets in driving these reactions. In particular, modification of disulfide bonds by thiol isomerases and protein phosphorylation by extracellular kinases have emerged as important mechanisms to fine-tune complement activity in the platelet microenvironment. Lastly, we describe disorders with perturbed complement activation where part of the clinical presentation includes uncontrolled platelet activation that results in thrombocytopenia, and illustrate how complement-targeting drugs are alleviating the prothrombotic phenotype in these patients. Based on these clinical observations, we discuss the role of limited complement activation in enhancing platelet activation and consider how these drugs may provide opportunities for further dissecting the complex interactions between complement and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Mohlin
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina N. Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Ueda M, Sato Y, Horie A, Tani H, Miyazaki Y, Okunomiya A, Matsumoto H, Hamanishi J, Kondoh E, Mandai M. Endovascular trophoblast expresses CD59 to evade complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 490:57-67. [PMID: 30981734 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the human placenta, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade maternal decidual tissues (interstitial trophoblasts) and maternal spiral arteries (endovascular trophoblasts). Although endovascular trophoblasts are directly exposed to maternal blood containing complement components, they are not eliminated by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In this study, we investigated the expression and possible function of CD59, one of the membrane-bound complement regulators, in EVTs. Immunohistochemistry of early embryo implantation sites revealed that CD59 was hardly expressed on interstitial trophoblasts, whereas it was intensely expressed on endovascular trophoblasts. Using the human EVT-like cell line Swan71, we established CD59-silencing Swan71 cells (Sw_CD59sh) and non-silencing control Swan71 cells (Sw_CTRsh). In vitro cell apoptosis assay showed that Sw_CD59sh cells were significantly more susceptible to CDC as compared to Sw_CTRsh. Our results suggest that CD59 confers some protection against maternal complement attack to the endovascular trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ueda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Sato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu, 760-0017, Japan.
| | - Akihito Horie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yumiko Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Asuka Okunomiya
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hisanori Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondoh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Høiland II, Liang RA, Braekkan SK, Pettersen K, Ludviksen JK, Latysheva N, Snir O, Ueland T, Hindberg K, Mollnes TE, Hansen JB. Complement activation assessed by the plasma terminal complement complex and future risk of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:934-943. [PMID: 30920726 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains uncertain whether activation of the complement system, assessed by the soluble terminal C5b-9 complement complex (plasma TCC), is associated with future risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between plasma levels of TCC and future risk of incident VTE in a nested case-control study, and to explore genetic variants associated with TCC using protein quantitative trait loci analysis of exome sequencing data. METHODS We sampled 415 VTE cases and 848 age- and sex-matched controls from a population-based cohort, the Tromsø study. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for VTE across quartiles of plasma levels of TCC. Whole exome sequencing was conducted using the Agilent SureSelect 50 Mb capture kit. RESULTS The risk of VTE increased across increasing quartiles of plasma TCC, particularly for unprovoked VTE. Participants with TCC in the highest quartile (>1.40 complement arbitrary units/mL) had an odds ratio for unprovoked VTE of 1.74 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.78) compared with those with TCC in the lowest quartile (≤0.80 complement arbitrary units/mL) in analyses adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. A substantially higher risk for VTE was observed in samples taken shortly before VTE event. We found no association between genome-wide or complement-related gene variants and plasma levels of TCC. CONCLUSIONS We found that high levels of plasma TCC were associated with VTE risk, and unprovoked events in particular. There was no genome-wide association between gene variants and plasma levels of TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina I Høiland
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Robin A Liang
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigrid K Braekkan
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Nadezhda Latysheva
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Omri Snir
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Hindberg
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- K. G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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38
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Wang X, Yu Y, Xie HB, Shen T, Zhu QX. Complement regulatory protein CD59a plays a protective role in immune liver injury of trichloroethylene-sensitized BALB/c mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 172:105-113. [PMID: 30685621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a major occupational and environmental chemical compound which causes occupational dermatitis medicamentosa-like of TCE with severe liver damage. Our previous studies showed that complement activation was a newly recognized mechanism for TCE-induced liver damage. The objective of this study was to explore the role of the key complement regulatory protein, CD59a, in TCE-induced immune liver injury. We firstly evaluated the changes of CD59a expression in liver tissue and then investigated if the changes were associated with membrane attack complex (MAC) formation, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and liver damage in BALB/c mice model of TCE-induced skin sensitization in the absence or presence of soluble recombinant rat CD59-Cys. The results showed that low expression of CD59a accompanied by MAC deposition in the liver of TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice, which was consistent in time. In addition, activation of NF-κB pathway, upregulation of inflammatory cytokine and liver damage also occured. Additional experiment showed that recombinant rat sCD59-Cys alleviated inflammation and liver damage in TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice. Moreover, recombinant rat sCD59-Cys reduced MAC formation and inhibited NF-κB activation measured by P-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB p65 in the liver of TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice. In conclusion, recombinant rat sCD59-Cys plays a protective role in immune liver injury of TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hai-Bo Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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Parsons ES, Stanley GJ, Pyne ALB, Hodel AW, Nievergelt AP, Menny A, Yon AR, Rowley A, Richter RP, Fantner GE, Bubeck D, Hoogenboom BW. Single-molecule kinetics of pore assembly by the membrane attack complex. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2066. [PMID: 31061395 PMCID: PMC6502846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane attack complex (MAC) is a hetero-oligomeric protein assembly that kills pathogens by perforating their cell envelopes. The MAC is formed by sequential assembly of soluble complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9, but little is known about the rate-limiting steps in this process. Here, we use rapid atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging to show that MAC proteins oligomerize within the membrane, unlike structurally homologous bacterial pore-forming toxins. C5b-7 interacts with the lipid bilayer prior to recruiting C8. We discover that incorporation of the first C9 is the kinetic bottleneck of MAC formation, after which rapid C9 oligomerization completes the pore. This defines the kinetic basis for MAC assembly and provides insight into how human cells are protected from bystander damage by the cell surface receptor CD59, which is offered a maximum temporal window to halt the assembly at the point of C9 insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Parsons
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.
| | - George J Stanley
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Alice L B Pyne
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Adrian W Hodel
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrian P Nievergelt
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Menny
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexander R Yon
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ashlea Rowley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ralf P Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Georg E Fantner
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Bart W Hoogenboom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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40
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Hu C, Li L, Ding P, Li L, Ge X, Zheng L, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang N, Gu H, Zhong F, Xu M, Rong R, Zhu T, Hu W. Complement Inhibitor CRIg/FH Ameliorates Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Activation of PI3K/AKT Signaling. J Immunol 2018; 201:3717-3730. [PMID: 30429287 PMCID: PMC6287101 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), which is an inevitable process during kidney transplantation. Therefore, complement-targeted therapeutics hold great potential in protecting the allografts from IRI. We observed universal deposition of C3d and membrane attack complex in human renal allografts with delayed graft function or biopsy-proved rejection, which confirmed the involvement of complement in IRI. Using FB-, C3-, C4-, C5-, C5aR1-, C5aR2-, and C6-deficient mice, we found that all components, except C5aR2 deficiency, significantly alleviated renal IRI to varying degrees. These gene deficiencies reduced local (deposition of C3d and membrane attack complex) and systemic (serum levels of C3a and C5a) complement activation, attenuated pathological damage, suppressed apoptosis, and restored the levels of multiple local cytokines (e.g., reduced IL-1β, IL-9, and IL-12p40 and increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in various gene-deficient mice, which resulted in the eventual recovery of renal function. In addition, we demonstrated that CRIg/FH, which is a targeted complement inhibitor for the classical and primarily alternative pathways, exerted a robust renoprotective effect that was comparable to gene deficiency using similar mechanisms. Further, we revealed that PI3K/AKT activation, predominantly in glomeruli that was remarkably inhibited by IRI, played an essential role in the CRIg/FH renoprotective effect. The specific PI3K antagonist duvelisib almost completely abrogated AKT phosphorylation, thus abolishing the renoprotective role of CRIg/FH. Our findings suggested that complement activation at multiple stages induced renal IRI, and CRIg/FH and/or PI3K/AKT agonists may hold the potential in ameliorating renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowen Ge
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; and
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuanchuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jina Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Na Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fan Zhong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Menny A, Serna M, Boyd CM, Gardner S, Joseph AP, Morgan BP, Topf M, Brooks NJ, Bubeck D. CryoEM reveals how the complement membrane attack complex ruptures lipid bilayers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5316. [PMID: 30552328 PMCID: PMC6294249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane attack complex (MAC) is one of the immune system's first responders. Complement proteins assemble on target membranes to form pores that lyse pathogens and impact tissue homeostasis of self-cells. How MAC disrupts the membrane barrier remains unclear. Here we use electron cryo-microscopy and flicker spectroscopy to show that MAC interacts with lipid bilayers in two distinct ways. Whereas C6 and C7 associate with the outer leaflet and reduce the energy for membrane bending, C8 and C9 traverse the bilayer increasing membrane rigidity. CryoEM reconstructions reveal plasticity of the MAC pore and demonstrate how C5b6 acts as a platform, directing assembly of a giant β-barrel whose structure is supported by a glycan scaffold. Our work provides a structural basis for understanding how β-pore forming proteins breach the membrane and reveals a mechanism for how MAC kills pathogens and regulates cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Menny
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marina Serna
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3.28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Courtney M Boyd
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Scott Gardner
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Agnel Praveen Joseph
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Maya Topf
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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42
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Aljakna A, Lauer E, Lenglet S, Grabherr S, Fracasso T, Augsburger M, Sabatasso S, Thomas A. Multiplex quantitative imaging of human myocardial infarction by mass spectrometry-immunohistochemistry. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1675-1684. [PMID: 29556718 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous assessment of a panel of protein markers is becoming essential in order to enhance biomarker research and improve diagnostics. Specifically, postmortem diagnostics of early myocardial ischemia in sudden cardiac death cases could benefit from a multiplex marker assessment in the same tissue section. Current analytical antibody-based techniques (immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence) limit multiplex analysis usually to not more than three antibodies. In this study, mass spectrometry-immunohistochemistry (MS-IHC) was performed by combining laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) with rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies as a technique for multiplex analysis of human postmortem myocardial tissue samples. Tissue sections with myocardial infarction were simultaneously analyzed for seven primary, rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies (troponin T, myoglobin, fibronectin, C5b-9, unphosphorylated connexin 43, VEGF-B, and JunB). Comparison between the MS-IHC approach and chromogenic IHC showed similar patterns in ionic and optical images. In addition, absolute quantification was performed by MS-IHC, providing a proportional relationship between the signal intensity and the local marker concentration in tissue sections. These data demonstrated that LA-ICP-MS combined with rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies is an efficient strategy for simultaneous testing of multiple markers and allows not only visualization of molecules within the tissue but also quantification of the signal. Such imaging approach has a great potential in both diagnostics and pathology-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Aljakna
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Lauer
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silke Grabherr
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tony Fracasso
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Sabatasso
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 11211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Vulliette 04, 1000, Lausanne 25, Switzerland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dysregulated citrullination is a key element that drives the production and maintenance of antibodies to citrullinated proteins, a hallmark in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This article reviews recent literature on the origin of citrullinated antigens in RA. RECENT FINDINGS The study of synovial fluid from patients with RA has provided important insights into the identity of citrullinated proteins that accumulate in the RA joint (the RA citrullinome) and mechanisms that control their generation. SUMMARY Citrullinating enzymes (peptidylarginine deiminases, PADs) are tightly controlled to limit their hyperactivation. Calcium and redox conditions are important regulators of PAD activity. Studies suggest that citrullination is dysregulated both intra- and extracellularly in RA. In neutrophils, host (i.e., perforin and the membrane attack complex) and bacterial (i.e., toxins) pore-forming proteins induce prominent calcium influx, cytolysis, and hyperactivation of PADs. These factors likely drive hypercitrullination in the RA joint and at extraarticular sites of disease initiation, respectively. As oxidizing conditions present in the extracellular environment are known to inactivate PADs, extracellular citrullination in RA probably requires the constant release of active enzymes from dying cells and may be accelerated by autoantibodies that activate PADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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44
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Goicoechea de Jorge E, Tortajada A, García SP, Gastoldi S, Merinero HM, García-Fernández J, Arjona E, Cao M, Remuzzi G, Noris M, Rodríguez de Córdoba S. Factor H Competitor Generated by Gene Conversion Events Associates with Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:240-249. [PMID: 28993505 PMCID: PMC5748918 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy caused by complement pathogenic variants, mainly affects the kidney microvasculature. A retrospective genetic analysis in our aHUS cohort (n=513) using multiple ligation probe amplification uncovered nine unrelated patients carrying a genetic abnormality in the complement factor H related 1 gene (CFHR1) that originates by recurrent gene conversion events between the CFH and CFHR1 genes. The novel CFHR1 mutants encode an FHR-1 protein with two amino acid substitutions, L290S and A296V, converting the FHR-1 C terminus into that of factor H (FH). Next-generation massive-parallel DNA sequencing (NGS) analysis did not detect these genetic abnormalities. In addition to the CFHR1 mutant, six patients carried the previously uncharacterized CFH-411T variant. In functional analyses, the mutant FHR-1 protein strongly competed the binding of FH to cell surfaces, impairing complement regulation, whereas the CFH-411T polymorphism lacked functional consequences. Carriers of the CFHR1 mutation presented with severe aHUS during adulthood; 57% of affected women in this cohort presented during the postpartum period. Analyses in patients and unaffected carriers showed that FH plasma levels determined by the nonmutated chromosome modulate disease penetrance. Crucially, in the activated endothelial (HMEC-1) cell assay, reduced FH plasma levels produced by the nonmutated chromosome correlated inversely with impairment of complement regulation, measured as C5b-9 deposition. Our data advance understanding of the genetic complexities underlying aHUS, illustrate the importance of performing functional analysis, and support the use of complementary assays to disclose genetic abnormalities not revealed by current NGS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goicoechea de Jorge
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Tortajada
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheila Pinto García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gastoldi
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò," Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Emilia Arjona
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Cao
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò," Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Noris
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò," Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
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45
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Abstract
The membrane attack complex (MAC) is the pore-forming toxin of the complement system, a relatively early evolutionary acquisition that confers upon complement the capacity to directly kill pathogens. The MAC is more than just a bactericidal missile, having the capacity when formed on self-cells to initiate a host of cell activation events that can have profound consequences for tissue homeostasis in the face of infection or injury. Although the capacity of complement to directly kill pathogens has been recognised for over a century, and the pore-forming killing mechanism for at least 50 years, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding precisely how MAC mediates its killing and cell activation activities. A recent burst of new information on MAC structure provides context and opportunity to re-assess the ways in which MAC kills bacteria and modulates cell functions. In this brief review we will describe key aspects of MAC evolution, function and structure and seek to use the new structural information to better explain how the MAC works.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Paul Morgan
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF144XN, UK.
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, 506 Sir Ernst Chain Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, 506 Sir Ernst Chain Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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46
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Qi J, Wang J, Chen J, Su J, Tang Y, Wu X, Ma X, Chen F, Ruan C, Zheng XL, Wu D, Han Y. Plasma levels of complement activation fragments C3b and sC5b-9 significantly increased in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1849-1855. [PMID: 28801815 PMCID: PMC6225065 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is an uncommon but severe complication in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). However, the mechanism is unclear. From 2011 to 2014, 20 patients with TA-TMA, 20 patients without, and 54 patients with various other complications, including veno occlusive disease (VOD), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and infection, were recruited in the study. Plasma vWF antigen (vWFAg), vWF activity (vWFAc), and ADAMTS13 activity were determined in these patients by ELISAs and FRETS-vWF73 assay, respectively. Plasma C3b, sC5b-9, and CH50 were also determined by ELISAs. Plasma levels of C3b were significantly increased in patients with either TA-TMA (p < 0.0001) or GVHD (p < 0.01). Plasma sC5b-9 and CH50 levels in patients with TA-TMA were also significantly increased (p < 0.001). Plasma ADAMTS13 activity was lower in patients with VOD, but normal with other complications. Both plasma vWFAg and vWFAc levels were not elevated in patients with TA-TMA or VOD compared with those of other groups. Complement activation likely via an alternative pathway (increased C3b, sC5b-9, and CH50) may play a role in the pathogenesis of TA-TMA. ADAMTS13 activity is reduced in VOD, but the ADAMTS13/vWF axis appears to be unaffected in patients with TA-TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - X Long Zheng
- Divsion of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35243, USA
| | - Depei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yue Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.
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47
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Abstract
Pore-forming proteins play critical roles in pathogenic attack and immunological defence. The membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) group of homologues represents, with cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, the largest family of such proteins. In this review, we begin by describing briefly the structure of MACPF proteins, outlining their common mechanism of pore formation. We subsequently discuss some examples of MACPF proteins likely implicated in pore formation or other membrane-remodelling processes. Finally, we focus on astrotactin and bone morphogenetic protein and retinoic acid-induced neural-specific proteins, highly conserved MACPF family members involved in developmental processes, which have not been well studied to date or observed to form a pore-and which data suggest may act by alternative mechanisms.This article is part of the themed issue 'Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ni
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robert J C Gilbert
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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48
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Abstract
One of the problems limiting myoblast transplantation (MT) is the early death of the transplanted cells. Because complement can be fixed by myoblasts in vitro, and because it has the capacity to induce cell lysis, its possible role in the early death of transplanted myoblasts was investigated. CD1 mice and Macaca mulata monkeys were used as recipients for MT. In some mice, C3 was depleted before MT using Cobra Venom Factor. Mice were sacrificed during the first hour and up to 3 days after MT. Monkeys were biopsied 1 to 4 h after MT. Myoblast necrosis was assessed by the presence of intracellular calcium. Complement deposition was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with anti-C3 and anti-C5b-9 neoantigen antibodies. In mice, C3 deposition was observed in damaged muscle fibers and in regions containing necrosed myoblasts. Complement depletion did not diminish the proportion of necrosed cells. In monkeys, only a small percentage of transplanted myoblasts showed C3 or C5b-9 deposition, mostly intracellular. Complement activation seems not to be implicated in directly damaging the transplanted cells, but seems secondary to cellular death. Taking into account its chemotactic functions, complement could be implicated in the migration of neutrophils and macrophages into the clusters of transplanted cells. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Skuk
- Unité de Recherche en Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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49
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Kurolap A, Eshach-Adiv O, Hershkovitz T, Paperna T, Mory A, Oz-Levi D, Zohar Y, Mandel H, Chezar J, Azoulay D, Peleg S, Half EE, Yahalom V, Finkel L, Weissbrod O, Geiger D, Tabib A, Shaoul R, Magen D, Bonstein L, Mevorach D, Baris HN. Loss of CD55 in Eculizumab-Responsive Protein-Losing Enteropathy. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:87-89. [PMID: 28657861 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1707173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kurolap
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Adi Mory
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vered Yahalom
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lilach Finkel
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Dan Geiger
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Tabib
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Shaoul
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Dror Mevorach
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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50
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Magro CM, Saab J. Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis: A distinct inflammatory type I interferon and C5b-9 mediated subcutaneous endovasculitis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 31:23-29. [PMID: 29146054 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis is a recently recognized subcuticular larger vessel vasculitis characterized by striking vascular luminal thrombosis. METHODS The clinical features, histopathology and phenotypic profile of ten patients with lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis were explored in an attempt to better define the entity from a clinical and pathophysiologic perspective. RESULTS The patients were all female (mean age of 43) presenting with generally asymptomatic lower and upper extremity hyperpigmented macules. A consistent picture diagnostic of a connective tissue disease syndrome was not seen. The disease was not progressive although it was typically persistent. The morphology was characterized by a temporally heterogeneous subcutaneous arteritis targeting the endothelium and intima with changes ranging from incipient intimal expansion by hyaluronic acid to concentric intimal fibrin deposition to one of an end stage acellular intraluminal obliterative fibrous arteriopathy. The infiltrate was predominated by lymphocytes and histiocytes. The intimal elastic lamina was intact in most cases. All tested cases showed intimal and endothelial C5b-9 deposition, an upregulated type I interferon microenvironment and marked upregulation of the inducible interferon gamma 16 protein. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis is a unique form of C5b-9 mediated arteritic endotheliopathy where the brunt of the changes involves the endothelium and intima and that is morphologically distinct from the transmural arteritis of benign cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Magro
- Department of Pathology, Division of Dermatopathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States.
| | - Jad Saab
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States
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