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Perry DJ. Sharing the space of the creature: Intersubjectivity as a lens toward mutual human-wildlife dignity. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12587. [PMID: 37533209 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Human-wildlife coexistence is critical for sustainable and healthy ecosystems as well as to prevent human and wildlife suffering. In this paper, an intersubjective approach to human-wildlife interactions is proposed as a lens toward human decentering and emergent mutual evolution. The thesis is developed through a secondary data analysis of a research study on wildlife care and philosophical analysis using the work of Bernard Lonergan and Edmund Husserl. The study was conducted using the theory of transcendent pluralism, which is grounded in human and ecological dignity, including the dignity of beyond-human beings. Deeper interpretation of the original data suggests that human-wildlife interactions are mutually conscious, embodied, and hold spatial-temporal dimensions. The affective realm is an integral dimension of human-wildlife intersubjectivity. These findings inform an approach toward human-wildlife relations in which human persons and the beyond-human multitude can all flourish in dignity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Perry
- Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing, UMass Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Yang H, Brown RH, Wang D, Strauss KA, Gao G. Rescue of GM3 synthase deficiency by spatially controlled, rAAV-mediated ST3GAL5 delivery. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168688. [PMID: 37014712 PMCID: PMC10243808 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GM3 synthase deficiency (GM3SD) is an infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy syndrome caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in ST3GAL5. Loss of ST3GAL5 activity in humans results in systemic ganglioside deficiency and severe neurological impairment. No disease-modifying treatment is currently available. Certain recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) can cross the blood-brain barrier to induce widespread, long-term gene expression in the CNS and represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we show that a first-generation rAAV-ST3GAL5 replacement vector using a ubiquitous promoter restored tissue ST3GAL5 expression and normalized cerebral gangliosides in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell neurons and brain tissue from St3gal5-KO mice but caused fatal hepatotoxicity when administered systemically. In contrast, a second-generation vector optimized for CNS-restricted ST3GAL5 expression, administered by either the intracerebroventricular or i.v. route at P1, allowed for safe and effective rescue of lethality and behavior impairment in symptomatic GM3SD mice up to a year. These results support further clinical development of ST3GAL5 gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Yang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center
- Department of Neurology
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, and
| | - Robert H. Brown
- Department of Neurology
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, and
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, and
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin A. Strauss
- Horae Gene Therapy Center
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, and
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, and
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Ghanta KS, Chen Z, Mir A, Dokshin GA, Krishnamurthy PM, Yoon Y, Gallant J, Xu P, Zhang XO, Ozturk AR, Shin M, Idrizi F, Liu P, Gneid H, Edraki A, Lawson ND, Rivera-Pérez JA, Sontheimer EJ, Watts JK, Mello CC. 5'-Modifications improve potency and efficacy of DNA donors for precision genome editing. eLife 2021; 10:e72216. [PMID: 34665130 PMCID: PMC8568340 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclease-directed genome editing is a powerful tool for investigating physiology and has great promise as a therapeutic approach to correct mutations that cause disease. In its most precise form, genome editing can use cellular homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways to insert information from an exogenously supplied DNA-repair template (donor) directly into a targeted genomic location. Unfortunately, particularly for long insertions, toxicity and delivery considerations associated with repair template DNA can limit HDR efficacy. Here, we explore chemical modifications to both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA-repair templates. We describe 5'-terminal modifications, including in its simplest form the incorporation of triethylene glycol (TEG) moieties, that consistently increase the frequency of precision editing in the germlines of three animal models (Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, mice) and in cultured human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna S Ghanta
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Zexiang Chen
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Aamir Mir
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Gregoriy A Dokshin
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | | | - Yeonsoo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genes and Development, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Judith Gallant
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genes and Development, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genes and Development, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Ahmet Rasit Ozturk
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Masahiro Shin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Feston Idrizi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Hassan Gneid
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Alireza Edraki
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Nathan D Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jaime A Rivera-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genes and Development, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jonathan K Watts
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Craig C Mello
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
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4
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McMahon O, Hallam TM, Patel S, Harris CL, Menny A, Zelek WM, Widjajahakim R, Java A, Cox TE, Tzoumas N, Steel DHW, Shuttleworth VG, Smith-Jackson K, Brocklebank V, Griffiths H, Cree AJ, Atkinson JP, Lotery AJ, Bubeck D, Morgan BP, Marchbank KJ, Seddon JM, Kavanagh D. The rare C9 P167S risk variant for age-related macular degeneration increases polymerization of the terminal component of the complement cascade. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1188-1199. [PMID: 33783477 PMCID: PMC8212764 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex neurodegenerative eye disease with behavioral and genetic etiology and is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among elderly Caucasians. Functionally significant genetic variants in the alternative pathway of complement have been strongly linked to disease. More recently, a rare variant in the terminal pathway of complement has been associated with increased risk, Complement component 9 (C9) P167S. To assess the functional consequence of this variant, C9 levels were measured in two independent cohorts of AMD patients. In both cohorts, it was demonstrated that the P167S variant was associated with low C9 plasma levels. Further analysis showed that patients with advanced AMD had elevated sC5b-9 compared to those with non-advanced AMD, although this was not associated with the P167S polymorphism. Electron microscopy of membrane attack complexes (MACs) generated using recombinantly produced wild type or P167S C9 demonstrated identical MAC ring structures. In functional assays, the P167S variant displayed a higher propensity to polymerize and a small increase in its ability to induce hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes when added to C9-depleted serum. The demonstration that this C9 P167S AMD risk polymorphism displays increased polymerization and functional activity provides a rationale for the gene therapy trials of sCD59 to inhibit the terminal pathway of complement in AMD that are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- O McMahon
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - T M Hallam
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - S Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - C L Harris
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - A Menny
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - W M Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - R Widjajahakim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - A Java
- Divisions of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - T E Cox
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - N Tzoumas
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - D H W Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - V G Shuttleworth
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - K Smith-Jackson
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - V Brocklebank
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - H Griffiths
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - A J Cree
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J P Atkinson
- Divisions of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - D Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - B P Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - K J Marchbank
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - J M Seddon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - D Kavanagh
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
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Hou Y, Zhao L, Kubo T, Cheng X, McNeill N, Oda T, Witman GB. Chlamydomonas FAP70 is a component of the previously uncharacterized ciliary central apparatus projection C2a. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258540. [PMID: 33988244 PMCID: PMC8272932 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are essential organelles required for cell signaling and motility. Nearly all motile cilia have a '9+2' axoneme composed of nine outer doublet microtubules plus two central microtubules; the central microtubules together with their projections are termed the central apparatus (CA). In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism for studying cilia, 30 proteins are known CA components, and ∼36 more are predicted to be CA proteins. Among the candidate CA proteins is the highly conserved FAP70 (CFAP70 in humans), which also has been reported to be associated with the doublet microtubules. Here, we determined by super-resolution structured illumination microscopy that FAP70 is located exclusively in the CA, and show by cryo-electron microscopy that its N-terminus is located at the base of the C2a projection of the CA. We also found that fap70-1 mutant axonemes lack most of the C2a projection. Mass spectrometry revealed that fap70-1 axonemes lack not only FAP70 but two other conserved candidate CA proteins, FAP65 (CFAP65 in humans) and FAP147 (MYCBPAP in humans). Finally, FAP65 and FAP147 co-immunoprecipitated with HA-tagged FAP70. Taken together, these data identify FAP70, FAP65 and FAP147 as the first defining components of the C2a projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Hou
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Xi Cheng
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Nathan McNeill
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Oda
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - George B. Witman
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
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6
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Collins-Andrews B, McQuilkin P, Udhayashankar K, Adu E, Moormann A. Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of Liberian Children Age 5 Years and Under Diagnosed With Severe Malaria. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19884818. [PMID: 31700947 PMCID: PMC6826913 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19884818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is endemic in Liberia with a prevalence rate of up to 60% in some regions, and it has been a major cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Prior to the recent Ebola epidemic, we undertook a prospective, hospital-based pilot study at the National Referral Hospital in Monrovia, to characterize the presentation, accuracy of diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of children presenting for treatment of malaria. From June 2013 to May 2014, we recruited children 5 years and under who presented to the JFK Medical Center with suspected malaria. We collected both clinical and laboratory data on admission and on discharge. We enrolled 477 patients with an average age of 1.6 years. Demographic factors associated with testing negative for malaria included regular bed net use and prior treatment for malaria. The most common presenting symptoms of severe malaria in this population were headache and seizures. Of 246 patients admitted and treated for severe malaria, 33% tested negative by rapid diagnostic test and blood smear for malaria. The case fatality rate was higher for the patients who tested negative for malaria (4.9%) versus those who tested positive (0.6%). Three children who tested negative for malaria showed evidence of undiagnosed Salmonella typhi infection. These results suggest that malaria may be overdiagnosed and that the diagnoses of other infectious diseases, which present in a similar fashion, may be neglected. These findings underscore the need to develop rapid diagnostic tests to screen for alternative causes of febrile illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia McQuilkin
- University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
- Patricia McQuilkin, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | | | - Eric Adu
- JFK Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
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7
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Vilchis-Nestor CA, Roldán ML, Leonardi A, Navea JG, Padilla-Benavides T, Shoshani L. Ouabain Enhances Cell-Cell Adhesion Mediated by β 1 Subunits of the Na +,K +-ATPase in CHO Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2111. [PMID: 31035668 PMCID: PMC6539428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion is a crucial characteristic of epithelial cells to form barriers to pathogens and toxic substances from the environment. Epithelial cells attach to each other using intercellular junctions on the lateral membrane, including tight and adherent junctions, as well as the Na+,K+-ATPase. Our group has shown that non-adherent chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the canine β1 subunit become adhesive, and those homotypic interactions amongst β1 subunits of the Na+,K+-ATPase occur between neighboring epithelial cells. Ouabain, a cardiotonic steroid, binds to the α subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase, inhibits the pump activity and induces the detachment of epithelial cells when used at concentrations above 300 nM. At nanomolar non-inhibiting concentrations, ouabain affects the adhesive properties of epithelial cells by inducing the expression of cell adhesion molecules through the activation of signaling pathways associated with the α subunit. In this study, we investigated whether the adhesion between β1 subunits was also affected by ouabain. We used CHO fibroblasts stably expressing the β1 subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase (CHO β1), and studied the effect of ouabain on cell adhesion. Aggregation assays showed that ouabain increased the adhesion between CHO β1 cells. Immunofluorescence and biotinylation assays showed that ouabain (50 nM) increases the expression of the β1 subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase at the cell membrane. We also examined the effect of ouabain on the activation of signaling pathways in CHO β1 cells, and their subsequent effect on cell adhesion. We found that cSrc is activated by ouabain and, therefore, that it likely regulates the adhesive properties of CHO β1 cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that the β1 subunit adhesion is modulated by the expression levels of the Na+,K+-ATPase at the plasma membrane, which is regulated by ouabain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Andrea Vilchis-Nestor
- Department of Physiology Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Cinvestav-Ipn, CDMX 07360, Mexico.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - María Luisa Roldán
- Department of Physiology Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Cinvestav-Ipn, CDMX 07360, Mexico.
| | - Angelina Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Juan G Navea
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Liora Shoshani
- Department of Physiology Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Cinvestav-Ipn, CDMX 07360, Mexico.
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Olea-Flores M, Juárez-Cruz JC, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Padilla-Benavides T, Navarro-Tito N. Signaling Pathways Induced by Leptin during Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3493. [PMID: 30404206 PMCID: PMC6275018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that is overexpressed in obese and overweight people. Interestingly, women with breast cancer present high levels of leptin and of its receptor ObR. Leptin plays an important role in breast cancer progression due to the biological processes it participates in, such as epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT consists of a series of orchestrated events in which cell⁻cell and cell⁻extracellular matrix interactions are altered and lead to the release of epithelial cells from the surrounding tissue. The cytoskeleton is also re-arranged, allowing the three-dimensional movement of epithelial cells into the extracellular matrix. This transition provides cells with the ability to migrate and invade adjacent or distal tissues, which is a classic feature of invasive or metastatic carcinoma cells. In recent years, the number of cases of breast cancer has increased, making this disease a public health problem worldwide and the leading cause of death due to cancer in women. In this review, we focus on recent advances that establish: (1) leptin as a risk factor for the development of breast cancer, and (2) leptin as an inducer of EMT, an event that promotes tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Juan Carlos Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
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9
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Khubchandani J, Soni A, Fahey N, Raithatha N, Prabhakaran A, Byatt N, Moore Simas TA, Phatak A, Rosal M, Nimbalkar S, Allison JJ. Caste matters: perceived discrimination among women in rural India. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:163-170. [PMID: 29034410 PMCID: PMC5857209 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of caste and class with perceived discrimination among pregnant women from rural western India. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 170 pregnant women in rural Gujarat, India, who were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. The Everyday Discrimination Scale and the Experiences of Discrimination questionnaires were used to assess perceived discrimination and response to discrimination. Based on self-report caste, women were classified into three categories with increasing historical disadvantage: General, Other Backward Castes (OBC), and Scheduled Caste or Tribes (SC/ST). Socioeconomic class was determined using the standardized Kuppuswamy scale. Regression models for count and binomial data were used to examine association of caste and class with experience of discrimination and response to discrimination. Sixty-eight percent of women experienced discrimination. After adjusting for confounders, there was a consistent trend and association of discrimination with caste but not class. In comparison to General Caste, lower caste (OBC, SC/ST) women were more likely to (1) experience discrimination (OBC OR: 2.2, SC/ST: 4.1; p trend: 0.01); (2) have a greater perceived discrimination score (OBC IRR: 1.3, SC/ST: 1.5; p trend: 0.07); (3) accept discrimination (OBC OR: 6.4, SC/ST: 7.6; p trend: < 0.01); and (4) keep to herself about discrimination (OBC OR: 2.7, SC/ST: 3.6; p trend: 0.04). The differential experience of discrimination by lower caste pregnant women in comparison to upper caste pregnant women and their response to such experiences highlight the importance of studying discrimination to understand the root causes of existing caste-based disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Khubchandani
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Apurv Soni
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Nisha Fahey
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy Byatt
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Tiffany A Moore Simas
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ajay Phatak
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India
| | - Milagros Rosal
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Jeroan J Allison
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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Soni A, Karna S, Patel H, Fahey N, Raithatha S, Handorf A, Bostrom J, Bashar S, Talati K, Shah R, Goldberg RJ, Thanvi S, Phatak AG, Allison JJ, Chon K, Nimbalkar SM, McManus DD. Study protocol for Smartphone Monitoring for Atrial fibrillation in Real- Time in India (SMART-India): a community-based screening and referral programme. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017668. [PMID: 29247089 PMCID: PMC5736031 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF), the world's most common arrhythmia, often goes undetected and untreated in low-resource communities, including India, where AF epidemiology is undefined. AF is an important risk factor for stroke, which plagues an estimated 1.6 million Indians annually. As such, early detection of AF and management of high-risk patients is critically important to decrease stroke burden in individuals with AF. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of AF in Anand District, Gujarat, India, characterise the clinical profile of individuals who are diagnosed with AF and determine the performance of two mobile technologies for community-based AF screening. METHODS This observational study builds on findings from a previous feasibility study and leverages two novel technologies as well as an existing community health programme to perform door-to-door AF screening for 2000 people from 60 villages of Anand District, Gujarat, India using local health workers. A single-lead ECG and a pulse-based application is used to screen each individual for AF three times over a period of 5 days. Participants with suspected arrhythmias are followed up by study cardiologist who makes final diagnoses. Participants diagnosed with AF are initiated on treatment based on current anticoagulation guidelines and clinical reasoning. ANALYTICAL PLAN Age-stratified and sex-stratified prevalence of AF in the Anand District will be calculated for sample and estimated for Anand distribution using survey design weights. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with AF will be evaluated using multivariable regression methods. Performance of each mobile technology in detecting AF will be evaluated using a 12-lead ECG interpretation as the gold standard. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol was approved separately by the Institutional Review Board of University of Massachusetts Medical School and the Human Research Ethics Committee at Charutar Arogya Mandal. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurv Soni
- Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil Karna
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Harshil Patel
- Central Research Services, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nisha Fahey
- Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shyamsundar Raithatha
- Community Extension, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Handorf
- School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Bostrom
- School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Syed Bashar
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kandarp Talati
- Central Research Services, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi Shah
- Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert J Goldberg
- Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil Thanvi
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Gajanan Phatak
- Central Research Services, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jeroan J Allison
- Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ki Chon
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David D McManus
- Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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