1
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Jimenez-Duran G, Kozole J, Peltier-Heap R, Dickinson ER, Kwiatkowski CR, Zappacosta F, Annan RS, Galwey NW, Nichols EM, Modis LK, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Booty LM. Complement membrane attack complex is an immunometabolic regulator of NLRP3 activation and IL-18 secretion in human macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918551. [PMID: 36248901 PMCID: PMC9554752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and critical part of innate immunity. Recent studies have highlighted novel roles of complement beyond lysis of invading pathogens with implications in regulating the innate immune response, as well as contributing to metabolic reprogramming of T-cells, synoviocytes as well as cells in the CNS. These findings hint that complement can be an immunometabolic regulator, but whether this is also the case for the terminal step of the complement pathway, the membrane attack complex (MAC) is not clear. In this study we focused on determining whether MAC is an immunometabolic regulator of the innate immune response in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here, we uncover previously uncharacterized metabolic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction occurring downstream of MAC deposition. These alterations in glycolytic flux and mitochondrial morphology and function mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and gasdermin D formation. Together, these data elucidate a novel signalling cascade, with metabolic alterations at its center, in MAC-stimulated human macrophages that drives an inflammatory consequence in an immunologically relevant cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Jimenez-Duran
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Kozole
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Peltier-Heap
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor R. Dickinson
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesca Zappacosta
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roland S. Annan
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Galwey
- Research Statistics, Development Biostatistics, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martha Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kathy Triantafilou, TriantafilouK@cardiff. ac. uk; Lee M. Booty,
| | - Lee M. Booty
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kathy Triantafilou, TriantafilouK@cardiff. ac. uk; Lee M. Booty,
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2
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Perez-Sanchez C, Barbera Betancourt A, Lyons PA, Zhang Z, Suo C, Lee JC, McKinney EF, Modis LK, Ellson C, Smith KG. miR-374a-5p regulates inflammatory genes and monocyte function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211366. [PMID: 35363256 PMCID: PMC8980842 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression controlling cellular processes including inflammation. We explored their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and identified reduced expression of miR-374a-5p in IBD monocytes that correlated with a module of up-regulated genes related to the inflammatory response. Key proinflammatory module genes, including for example TNFα, IL1A, IL6, and OSM, were inversely correlated with miR-374a-5p and were validated in vitro. In colonic biopsies, miR-374a-5p was again reduced in expression and inversely correlated with the same inflammatory module, and its levels predicted subsequent response to anti-TNF therapy. Increased miR-374a-5p expression was shown to control macrophage-driven inflammation by suppressing proinflammatory mediators and to reduce the capacity of monocytes to migrate and activate T cells. Our findings suggest that miR-374a-5p reduction is a central driver of inflammation in IBD, and its therapeutic supplementation could reduce monocyte-driven inflammation in IBD or other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Perez-Sanchez
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ariana Barbera Betancourt
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zinan Zhang
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chenqu Suo
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - James C. Lee
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eoin F. McKinney
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kenneth G.C. Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Buckley CD, Chernajovsky L, Chernajovsky Y, Modis LK, O'Neill LA, Brown D, Connor R, Coutts D, Waterman EA, Tak PP. Immune-mediated inflammation across disease boundaries: breaking down research silos. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1344-1348. [PMID: 34675389 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Chernajovsky
- The Lorna and Yuti Chernajovsky Biomedical Research Foundation, Whitstable, UK
| | - Yuti Chernajovsky
- The Lorna and Yuti Chernajovsky Biomedical Research Foundation, Whitstable, UK.
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doug Brown
- British Society for Immunology, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul P Tak
- The Lorna and Yuti Chernajovsky Biomedical Research Foundation, Whitstable, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Candel Therapeutics, Needham, Massachusetts, USA
- Multimorbidity Steering Group, Strategic Priorities Fund, Swindon, UK
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4
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Lee KMC, Jarnicki A, Achuthan A, Fleetwood AJ, Anderson GP, Ellson C, Feeney M, Modis LK, Smith JE, Hamilton JA, Cook A. CCL17 in Inflammation and Pain. J Immunol 2020; 205:213-222. [PMID: 32461237 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway, originally identified in vitro in macrophage lineage populations, is implicated in the control of inflammatory pain, as well as arthritic pain and disease. We explore, in this study and in various inflammation models, the cellular CCL17 expression and its GM-CSF dependence as well as the function of CCL17 in inflammation and pain. This study used models allowing the convenient cell isolation from Ccl17E/+ reporter mice; it also exploited both CCL17-dependent and unique CCL17-driven inflammatory pain and arthritis models, the latter permitting a radiation chimera approach to help identify the CCL17 responding cell type(s) and the mediators downstream of CCL17 in the control of inflammation and pain. We present evidence that 1) in the particular inflammation models studied, CCL17 expression is predominantly in macrophage lineage populations and is GM-CSF dependent, 2) for its action in arthritic pain and disease development, CCL17 acts on CCR4+ non-bone marrow-derived cells, and 3) for inflammatory pain development in which a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway appears critical, nerve growth factor, CGRP, and substance P all appear to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia;
| | - Andrew Jarnicki
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Christian Ellson
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Maria Feeney
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Louise K Modis
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Julia E Smith
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Andrew Cook
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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5
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Tough DF, Rioja I, Modis LK, Prinjha RK. Epigenetic Regulation of T Cell Memory: Recalling Therapeutic Implications. Trends Immunol 2019; 41:29-45. [PMID: 31813765 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells possess functional differences from naïve T cells that powerfully contribute to the efficiency of secondary immune responses. These abilities are imprinted during the primary response, linked to the acquisition of novel patterns of gene expression. Underlying this are alterations at the chromatin level (epigenetic modifications) that regulate constitutive and inducible gene transcription. T cell epigenetic memory can persist long-term, contributing to long-lasting immunity after infection or vaccination. However, acquired epigenetic states can also hinder effective tumor immunity or contribute to autoimmunity. The growing understanding of epigenetic gene regulation as it relates to both the stability and malleability of T cell memory may offer the potential to selectively modify T cell memory in disease by targeting epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Tough
- Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Inma Rioja
- Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Louise K Modis
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK; Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK.
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6
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Galván-Peña S, Carroll RG, Newman C, Hinchy EC, Palsson-McDermott E, Robinson EK, Covarrubias S, Nadin A, James AM, Haneklaus M, Carpenter S, Kelly VP, Murphy MP, Modis LK, O'Neill LA. Malonylation of GAPDH is an inflammatory signal in macrophages. Nat Commun 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 30659183 PMCID: PMC6338787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages undergo metabolic changes during activation that are coupled to functional responses. The gram negative bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is especially potent at driving metabolic reprogramming, enhancing glycolysis and altering the Krebs cycle. Here we describe a role for the citrate-derived metabolite malonyl-CoA in the effect of LPS in macrophages. Malonylation of a wide variety of proteins occurs in response to LPS. We focused on one of these, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In resting macrophages, GAPDH binds to and suppresses translation of several inflammatory mRNAs, including that encoding TNFα. Upon LPS stimulation, GAPDH undergoes malonylation on lysine 213, leading to its dissociation from TNFα mRNA, promoting translation. We therefore identify for the first time malonylation as a signal, regulating GAPDH mRNA binding to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Galván-Peña
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Richard G Carroll
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Carla Newman
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Hinchy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eva Palsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Elektra K Robinson
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Sergio Covarrubias
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Alan Nadin
- NCE Molecular Tools Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Moritz Haneklaus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Vincent P Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Louise K Modis
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland.
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
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7
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Mills EL, Ryan DG, Prag HA, Dikovskaya D, Menon D, Zaslona Z, Jedrychowski MP, Costa ASH, Higgins M, Hams E, Szpyt J, Runtsch MC, King MS, McGouran JF, Fischer R, Kessler BM, McGettrick AF, Hughes MM, Carroll RG, Booty LM, Knatko EV, Meakin PJ, Ashford MLJ, Modis LK, Brunori G, Sévin DC, Fallon PG, Caldwell ST, Kunji ERS, Chouchani ET, Frezza C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hartley RC, Murphy MP, O'Neill LA. Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1. Nature 2018; 556:113-117. [PMID: 29590092 PMCID: PMC6047741 DOI: 10.1038/nature25986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous metabolite itaconate has recently emerged as a regulator of macrophage function, but its precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here we show that itaconate is required for the activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor Nrf2 (also known as NFE2L2) by lipopolysaccharide in mouse and human macrophages. We find that itaconate directly modifies proteins via alkylation of cysteine residues. Itaconate alkylates cysteine residues 151, 257, 288, 273 and 297 on the protein KEAP1, enabling Nrf2 to increase the expression of downstream genes with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. The activation of Nrf2 is required for the anti-inflammatory action of itaconate. We describe the use of a new cell-permeable itaconate derivative, 4-octyl itaconate, which is protective against lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality in vivo and decreases cytokine production. We show that type I interferons boost the expression of Irg1 (also known as Acod1) and itaconate production. Furthermore, we find that itaconate production limits the type I interferon response, indicating a negative feedback loop that involves interferons and itaconate. Our findings demonstrate that itaconate is a crucial anti-inflammatory metabolite that acts via Nrf2 to limit inflammation and modulate type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna L Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Dylan G Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dina Dikovskaya
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Deepthi Menon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zbigniew Zaslona
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marah C Runtsch
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin S King
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joanna F McGouran
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Anne F McGettrick
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark M Hughes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard G Carroll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Lee M Booty
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Louise K Modis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Gino Brunori
- GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stuart T Caldwell
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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8
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Carroll RG, Zasłona Z, Galván-Peña S, Koppe EL, Sévin DC, Angiari S, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Modis LK, O'Neill LA. An unexpected link between fatty acid synthase and cholesterol synthesis in proinflammatory macrophage activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5509-5521. [PMID: 29463677 PMCID: PMC5900750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different immune activation states require distinct metabolic features and activities in immune cells. For instance, inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN), which catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, prevents the proinflammatory response in macrophages; however, the precise role of this enzyme in this response remains poorly defined. Consistent with previous studies, we found here that FASN is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated macrophage activation. Interestingly, only agents that block FASN upstream of acetoacetyl-CoA synthesis, including the well-characterized FASN inhibitor C75, inhibited TLR4 signaling, while those acting downstream had no effect. We found that acetoacetyl-CoA could overcome C75's inhibitory effect, whereas other FASN metabolites, including palmitate, did not prevent C75-mediated inhibition. This suggested an unexpected role for acetoacetyl-CoA in inflammation that is independent of its role in palmitate synthesis. Our evidence further suggested that acetoacetyl-CoA arising from FASN activity promotes cholesterol production, indicating a surprising link between fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. We further demonstrate that this process is required for TLR4 to enter lipid rafts and facilitate TLR4 signaling. In conclusion, we have uncovered an unexpected link between FASN and cholesterol synthesis that appears to be required for TLR signal transduction and proinflammatory macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carroll
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Zbigniew Zasłona
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Silvia Galván-Peña
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Koppe
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Sévin
- Cellzome, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Stefano Angiari
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Martha Triantafilou
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, United Kingdom, and
| | - Louise K Modis
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland, .,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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9
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Horan JC, Kuzmich D, Liu P, DiSalvo D, Lord J, Mao C, Hopkins TD, Yu H, Harcken C, Betageri R, Hill-Drzewi M, Patenaude L, Patel M, Fletcher K, Terenzzio D, Linehan B, Xia H, Patel M, Studwell D, Miller C, Hickey E, Levin JI, Smith D, Kemper RA, Modis LK, Bannen LC, Chan DS, Mac MB, Ng S, Wang Y, Xu W, Lemieux RM. Late-stage optimization of a tercyclic class of S1P3-sparing, S1P1 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:466-471. [PMID: 26687487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility and cationic amphiphilic drug-likeness were liabilities identified for a lead series of S1P3-sparing, S1P1 agonists originally developed from a high-throughput screening campaign. This work describes the subsequent optimization of these leads by balancing potency, selectivity, solubility and overall molecular charge. Focused SAR studies revealed favorable structural modifications that, when combined, produced compounds with overall balanced profiles. The low brain exposure observed in rat suggests that these compounds would be best suited for the potential treatment of peripheral autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Horan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Pingrong Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Darren DiSalvo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - John Lord
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Can Mao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Tamara D Hopkins
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Hui Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Christian Harcken
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Raj Betageri
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Melissa Hill-Drzewi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Lori Patenaude
- Inflammation and Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Monica Patel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Kimberly Fletcher
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Donna Terenzzio
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Brian Linehan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Heather Xia
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Mita Patel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Debbie Studwell
- Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Craig Miller
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Eugene Hickey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Jeremy I Levin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Raymond A Kemper
- Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Louise K Modis
- Inflammation and Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Lynne C Bannen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Diva S Chan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Morrison B Mac
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Stephanie Ng
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - René M Lemieux
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
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10
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Horan JC, Sanyal S, Choi Y, Hill-Drzewi M, Patnaude L, Anderson S, Fogal S, Mao C, Cook BN, Gueneva-Boucheva K, Fisher MB, Hickey E, Pack E, Bannen LC, Chan DS, Mac MB, Ng SM, Wang Y, Xu W, Modis LK, Lemieux RM. Piperazinyl-oxadiazoles as selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4807-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Lewis ND, Hill JD, Juchem KW, Stefanopoulos DE, Modis LK. RNA sequencing of microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis illustrates a changing phenotype with disease course. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 277:26-38. [PMID: 25270668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis has been controversial. To gain insight into their respective roles, we developed a method for differentiating between microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages in the CNS by flow cytometry utilizing anti-CD44 antibodies. We used this system to monitor changes in cell number, activation status, and gene expression by RNA sequencing over the course of disease. This in vivo characterization and RNA-Seq dataset improves our understanding of macrophage biology in the brain under inflammatory conditions and may lead to strategies to identify therapies for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Base Sequence/genetics
- Base Sequence/physiology
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/metabolism
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruddeen D Lewis
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hill
- Department of Research Networking, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, 06877-0368, USA
| | - Kathryn W Juchem
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Dimitria E Stefanopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Louise K Modis
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA.
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12
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Lewis ND, Muthukumarana A, Fogal SE, Corradini L, Stefanopoulos DE, Adusumalli P, Pelletier J, Panzenbeck M, Berg K, Canfield M, Cook BN, Razavi H, Kuzmich D, Anderson S, Allard D, Harrison P, Grimaldi C, Souza D, Harcken C, Fryer RM, Modis LK, Brown ML. CCR1 plays a critical role in modulating pain through hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105883. [PMID: 25170619 PMCID: PMC4149507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with immune cells infiltrating into the inflammatory site and pain. CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) mediates trafficking of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. However, the contribution of CCR1 to pain is incompletely understood. Here we report an unexpected discovery that CCR1-mediated trafficking of neutrophils and CCR1 activity on non-hematopoietic cells both modulate pain. Using a genetic approach (CCR1−/− animals) and pharmacological inhibition of CCR1 with selective inhibitors, we show significant reductions in pain responses using the acetic acid-induced writhing and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mechanical hyperalgesia models. Reductions in writhing correlated with reduced trafficking of myeloid cells into the peritoneal cavity. We show that CCR1 is highly expressed on circulating neutrophils and their depletion decreases acetic acid-induced writhing. However, administration of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity did not enhance acetic acid-induced writhing in wild-type (WT) or CCR1−/− mice. Additionally, selective knockout of CCR1 in either the hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic compartments also reduced writhing. Together these data suggest that CCR1 functions to significantly modulate pain by controlling neutrophil trafficking to the inflammatory site and having an unexpected role on non-hematopoietic cells. As inflammatory diseases are often accompanied with infiltrating immune cells at the inflammatory site and pain, CCR1 antagonism may provide a dual benefit by restricting leukocyte trafficking and reducing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruddeen D. Lewis
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Akalushi Muthukumarana
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Fogal
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Laura Corradini
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dimitria E. Stefanopoulos
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Prathima Adusumalli
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Josephine Pelletier
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Karen Berg
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Melissa Canfield
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Brian N. Cook
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hossein Razavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shawn Anderson
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Devan Allard
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paul Harrison
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christine Grimaldi
- Department of Integrative Toxicology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Donald Souza
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christian Harcken
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Louise K. Modis
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maryanne L. Brown
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
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13
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Lewis ND, Patnaude LA, Pelletier J, Souza DJ, Lukas SM, King FJ, Hill JD, Stefanopoulos DE, Ryan K, Desai S, Skow D, Kauschke SG, Broermann A, Kuzmich D, Harcken C, Hickey ER, Modis LK. A GPBAR1 (TGR5) small molecule agonist shows specific inhibitory effects on myeloid cell activation in vitro and reduces experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100883. [PMID: 24967665 PMCID: PMC4072711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GPBAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by certain bile acids and plays an important role in the regulation of bile acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that GPBAR1 may also have important effects in reducing the inflammatory response through its expression on monocytes and macrophages. To further understand the role of GPBAR1 in inflammation, we generated a novel, selective, proprietary GPBAR1 agonist and tested its effectiveness at reducing monocyte and macrophage activation in vitro and in vivo. We have used this agonist, together with previously described agonists to study agonism of GPBAR1, and shown that they can all induce cAMP and reduce TLR activation-induced cytokine production in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. Additionally, through the usage of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we identified a select set of genes that are regulated by GPBAR1 agonism during LPS activation. To further define the in vivo role of GPBAR1 in inflammation, we assessed GPBAR1 expression and found high levels on circulating mouse monocytes. Agonism of GPBAR1 reduced LPS-induced cytokine production in mouse monocytes ex vivo and serum cytokine levels in vivo. Agonism of GPBAR1 also had profound effects in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis, where monocytes play an important role. Mice treated with the GPBAR1 agonist exhibited a significant reduction in the EAE clinical score which correlated with reduced monocyte and microglial activation and reduced trafficking of monocytes and T cells into the CNS. These data confirm the importance of GPBAR1 in controlling monocyte and macrophage activation in vivo and support the rationale for selective agonists of GPBAR1 in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruddeen D. Lewis
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lori A. Patnaude
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Josephine Pelletier
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Donald J. Souza
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Lukas
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - F. James King
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Hill
- Research Networking, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dimitria E. Stefanopoulos
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kelli Ryan
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sudha Desai
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Donna Skow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stefan G. Kauschke
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Biberach, Germany
| | - Andre Broermann
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Biberach, Germany
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christian Harcken
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Eugene R. Hickey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Louise K. Modis
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Fryer RM, Ng KJ, Nodop Mazurek SG, Patnaude L, Skow DJ, Muthukumarana A, Gilpin KE, Dinallo RM, Kuzmich D, Lord J, Sanyal S, Yu H, Harcken C, Cerny MA, Cerny MC, Hickey ER, Modis LK. G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 stimulation mediates arterial vasodilation through a K(Ca)1.1 (BK(Ca))-dependent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 348:421-31. [PMID: 24399854 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.210005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) and BA receptors, including G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1), represent novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. However, BAs elicit myriad effects on cardiovascular function, although this has not been specifically ascribed to GPBAR1. This study was designed to test whether stimulation of GPBAR1 elicits effects on cardiovascular function that are mechanism based that can be identified in acute ex vivo and in vivo cardiovascular models, to delineate whether effects were due to pathways known to be modulated by BAs, and to establish whether a therapeutic window between in vivo cardiovascular liabilities and on-target efficacy could be defined. The results demonstrated that the infusion of three structurally diverse and selective GPBAR1 agonists produced marked reductions in vascular tone and blood pressure in dog, but not in rat, as well as reflex tachycardia and a positive inotropic response, effects that manifested in an enhanced cardiac output. Changes in cardiovascular function were unrelated to modulation of the levothyroxine/thyroxine axis and were nitric oxide independent. A direct effect on vascular tone was confirmed in dog isolated vascular rings, whereby concentration-dependent decreases in tension that were tightly correlated with reductions in vascular tone observed in vivo and were blocked by iberiotoxin. Compound concentrations in which cardiovascular effects occurred, both ex vivo and in vivo, could not be separated from those necessary for modulation of GPBAR1-mediated efficacy, resulting in project termination. These results are the first to clearly demonstrate direct and potent peripheral arterial vasodilation due to GPBAR1 stimulation in vivo through activation of large conductance Ca(2+) activated potassium channel K(Ca)1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Fryer
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (R.M.F., K.J.N., S.G.N.M., A.M.), Immunology and Inflammation (L.P., L.K.M.), and Medicinal Chemistry (D.J.S., K.E.G., R.M.D., D.K., J.L., S.S., H.Y., C.H., M.C.C., E.R.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
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15
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Lewis ND, Haxhinasto SA, Anderson SM, Stefanopoulos DE, Fogal SE, Adusumalli P, Desai SN, Patnaude LA, Lukas SM, Ryan KR, Slavin AJ, Brown ML, Modis LK. Circulating monocytes are reduced by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators independently of S1P3. J Immunol 2013; 190:3533-40. [PMID: 23436932 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors are critical for lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs, and S1P receptor modulators suppress lymphocyte circulation. However, the role of S1P receptors on monocytes is less clear. To elucidate this, we systematically evaluated monocytes in rats and mice, both in naive and inflammatory conditions, with S1P receptor modulators FTY720 and BAF312. We demonstrate that S1P receptor modulators reduce circulating monocytes in a similar time course as lymphocytes. Furthermore, total monocyte numbers were increased in the spleen and bone marrow, suggesting that S1P receptor modulation restricts egress from hematopoietic organs. Monocytes treated ex vivo with FTY720 had reduced CD40 expression and TNF-α production, suggesting a direct effect on monocyte activation. Similar reductions in protein expression and cytokine production were also found in vivo. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice and rats by FTY720 correlated with reduced numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes. These effects on monocytes were independent of S1P3, as treatment with BAF312, a S1P1,4,5 modulator, led to similar results. These data reveal a novel role for S1P receptors on monocytes and offer additional insights on the mechanism of action of S1P receptor modulators in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruddeen D Lewis
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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16
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Fryer RM, Muthukumarana A, Harrison PC, Nodop Mazurek S, Chen RR, Harrington KE, Dinallo RM, Horan JC, Patnaude L, Modis LK, Reinhart GA. The clinically-tested S1P receptor agonists, FTY720 and BAF312, demonstrate subtype-specific bradycardia (S1P₁) and hypertension (S1P₃) in rat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52985. [PMID: 23285242 PMCID: PMC3532212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phospate (S1P) and S1P receptor agonists elicit mechanism-based effects on cardiovascular function in vivo. Indeed, FTY720 (non-selective S1P(X) receptor agonist) produces modest hypertension in patients (2-3 mmHg in 1-yr trial) as well as acute bradycardia independent of changes in blood pressure. However, the precise receptor subtypes responsible is controversial, likely dependent upon the cardiovascular response in question (e.g. bradycardia, hypertension), and perhaps even species-dependent since functional differences in rodent, rabbit, and human have been suggested. Thus, we characterized the S1P receptor subtype specificity for each compound in vitro and, in vivo, the cardiovascular effects of FTY720 and the more selective S1P₁,₅ agonist, BAF312, were tested during acute i.v. infusion in anesthetized rats and after oral administration for 10 days in telemetry-instrumented conscious rats. Acute i.v. infusion of FTY720 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg/20 min) or BAF312 (0.5, 1.5, 5.0 mg/kg/20 min) elicited acute bradycardia in anesthetized rats demonstrating an S1P₁ mediated mechanism-of-action. However, while FTY720 (0.5, 1.5, 5.0 mg/kg/d) elicited dose-dependent hypertension after multiple days of oral administration in rat at clinically relevant plasma concentrations (24-hr mean blood pressure = 8.4, 12.8, 16.2 mmHg above baseline vs. 3 mmHg in vehicle controls), BAF312 (0.3, 3.0, 30.0 mg/kg/d) had no significant effect on blood pressure at any dose tested suggesting that hypertension produced by FTY720 is mediated S1P₃ receptors. In summary, in vitro selectivity results in combination with studies performed in anesthetized and conscious rats administered two clinically tested S1P agonists, FTY720 or BAF312, suggest that S1P₁ receptors mediate bradycardia while hypertension is mediated by S1P₃ receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America.
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