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Uno S, Harkiss AH, Chowdhury R, Caldwell ST, Prime TA, James AM, Gallagher B, Prudent J, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Incorporating a Polyethyleneglycol Linker to Enhance the Hydrophilicity of Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium Constructs. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200774. [PMID: 36917207 PMCID: PMC10946768 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The targeting of bioactive molecules and probes to mitochondria can be achieved by coupling to the lipophilic triphenyl phosphonium (TPP) cation, which accumulates several hundred-fold within mitochondria in response to the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm ). Typically, a simple alkane links the TPP to its "cargo", increasing overall hydrophobicity. As it would be beneficial to enhance the water solubility of mitochondria-targeted compounds we explored the effects of replacing the alkyl linker with a polyethylene glycol (PEG). We found that the use of PEG led to compounds that were readily taken up by isolated mitochondria and by mitochondria inside cells. Within mitochondria the PEG linker greatly decreased adsorption of the TPP constructs to the matrix-facing face of the mitochondrial inner membrane. These findings will allow the distribution of mitochondria-targeted TPP compounds within mitochondria to be fine-tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Uno
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | | | - Roy Chowdhury
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | | | - Tracy A. Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | - Andrew M. James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | | | - Julien Prudent
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | | | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
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2
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Bundgaard A, Gruszczyk AV, Prag HA, Williams C, McIntyre A, Ruhr IM, James AM, Galli GLJ, Murphy MP, Fago A. Low production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species after anoxia and reoxygenation in turtle hearts. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245516. [PMID: 37066839 PMCID: PMC10184768 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Extremely anoxia-tolerant animals, such as freshwater turtles, survive anoxia and reoxygenation without sustaining tissue damage to their hearts. In contrast, for mammals, the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that leads to tissue damage during a heart attack is initiated by a burst of superoxide (O2·-) production from the mitochondrial respiratory chain upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue. Whether turtles avoid oxidative tissue damage because of an absence of mitochondrial superoxide production upon reoxygenation, or because the turtle heart is particularly protected against this damage, is unclear. Here, we investigated whether there was an increase in mitochondrial O2·- production upon the reoxygenation of anoxic red-eared slider turtle hearts in vivo and in vitro. This was done by measuring the production of H2O2, the dismutation product of O2·-, using the mitochondria-targeted mass-spectrometric probe in vivo MitoB, while in parallel assessing changes in the metabolites driving mitochondrial O2·- production, succinate, ATP and ADP levels during anoxia, and H2O2 consumption and production rates of isolated heart mitochondria. We found that there was no excess production of in vivo H2O2 during 1 h of reoxygenation in turtles after 3 h anoxia at room temperature, suggesting that turtle hearts most likely do not suffer oxidative injury after anoxia because their mitochondria produce no excess O2·- upon reoxygenation. Instead, our data support the conclusion that both the low levels of succinate accumulation and the maintenance of ADP levels in the anoxic turtle heart are key factors in preventing the surge of O2·- production upon reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- CECAD, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja V. Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hiran A. Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Angela McIntyre
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ilan M. Ruhr
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew M. James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gina L. J. Galli
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Allen FM, Costa ASH, Gruszczyk AV, Bates GR, Prag HA, Nikitopoulou E, Viscomi C, Frezza C, James AM, Murphy MP. Rapid fractionation of mitochondria from mouse liver and heart reveals in vivo metabolite compartmentation. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:246-261. [PMID: 36217875 PMCID: PMC7614208 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The compartmentation and distribution of metabolites between mitochondria and the rest of the cell is a key parameter of cell signalling and pathology. Here, we have developed a rapid fractionation procedure that enables us to take mouse heart and liver from in vivo and within ~ 30 s stabilise the distribution of metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol by rapid cooling, homogenisation and dilution. This is followed by centrifugation of mitochondria through an oil layer to separate mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions for subsequent metabolic analysis. Using this procedure revealed the in vivo compartmentation of mitochondrial metabolites and will enable the assessment of the distribution of metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria during a range of situations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay M. Allen
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | - Hiran A. Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | | | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaItaly
| | | | | | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeUK
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeUK
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4
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Miljkovic JL, Burger N, Gawel JM, Mulvey JF, Norman AAI, Nishimura T, Tsujihata Y, Logan A, Sauchanka O, Caldwell ST, Morris JL, Prime TA, Warrington S, Prudent J, Bates GR, Aksentijević D, Prag HA, James AM, Krieg T, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Rapid and selective generation of H 2S within mitochondria protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102429. [PMID: 35961099 PMCID: PMC9382561 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted H2S donors are thought to protect against acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by releasing H2S that decreases oxidative damage. However, the rate of H2S release by current donors is too slow to be effective upon administration following reperfusion. To overcome this limitation here we develop a mitochondria-targeted agent, MitoPerSulf that very rapidly releases H2S within mitochondria. MitoPerSulf is quickly taken up by mitochondria, where it reacts with endogenous thiols to generate a persulfide intermediate that releases H2S. MitoPerSulf is acutely protective against cardiac IR injury in mice, due to the acute generation of H2S that inhibits respiration at cytochrome c oxidase thereby preventing mitochondrial superoxide production by lowering the membrane potential. Mitochondria-targeted agents that rapidly generate H2S are a new class of therapy for the acute treatment of IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lj Miljkovic
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Justyna M Gawel
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Takanori Nishimura
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsujihata
- Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Olga Sauchanka
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Jordan L Morris
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Julien Prudent
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Georgina R Bates
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dunja Aksentijević
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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5
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James AM, Norman AAI, Houghton JW, Prag HA, Logan A, Antrobus R, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Native chemical ligation approach to sensitively probe tissue acyl-CoA pools. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1232-1244.e5. [PMID: 35868236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During metabolism, carboxylic acids are often activated by conjugation to the thiol of coenzyme A (CoA). The resulting acyl-CoAs comprise a group of ∼100 thioester-containing metabolites that could modify protein behavior through non-enzymatic N-acylation of lysine residues. However, the importance of many potential acyl modifications remains unclear because antibody-based methods to detect them are unavailable and the in vivo concentrations of their respective acyl-CoAs are poorly characterized. Here, we develop cysteine-triphenylphosphonium (CysTPP), a mass spectrometry probe that uses "native chemical ligation" to sensitively detect the major acyl-CoAs present in vivo through irreversible modification of its amine via a thioester intermediate. Using CysTPP, we show that longer-chain (C13-C22) acyl-CoAs often constitute ∼60% of the acyl-CoA pool in rat tissues. These hydrophobic longer-chain fatty acyl-CoAs have the potential to non-enzymatically modify protein residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Abigail A I Norman
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jack W Houghton
- Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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6
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Gruszczyk AV, Casey AM, James AM, Prag HA, Burger N, Bates GR, Hall AR, Allen FM, Krieg T, Saeb-Parsy K, Murphy MP. Mitochondrial metabolism and bioenergetic function in an anoxic isolated adult mouse cardiomyocyte model of in vivo cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102368. [PMID: 35749842 PMCID: PMC9234472 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell models of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury are essential to facilitate understanding, but current monolayer cell models poorly replicate the in vivo IR injury that occurs within a three-dimensional tissue. Here we show that this is for two reasons: the residual oxygen present in many cellular hypoxia models sustains mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation; and the loss of lactate from cells into the incubation medium during ischemia enables cells to sustain glycolysis. To overcome these limitations, we incubated isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes anoxically while inhibiting lactate efflux. These interventions recapitulated key markers of in vivo ischemia, notably the accumulation of succinate and the loss of adenine nucleotides. Upon reoxygenation after anoxia the succinate that had accumulated during anoxia was rapidly oxidized in association with extensive mitochondrial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production and cell injury, mimicking reperfusion injury. This cell model will enable key aspects of cardiac IR injury to be assessed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja V Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alva M Casey
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Georgina R Bates
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Fay M Allen
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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7
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Burger N, James AM, Mulvey JF, Hoogewijs K, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Loureiro-López M, Norman AAI, Arndt S, Mottahedin A, Sauchanka O, Hartley RC, Krieg T, Murphy MP. ND3 Cys39 in complex I is exposed during mitochondrial respiration. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:636-649.e14. [PMID: 34739852 PMCID: PMC9076552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian complex I can adopt catalytically active (A-) or deactive (D-) states. A defining feature of the reversible transition between these two defined states is thought to be exposure of the ND3 subunit Cys39 residue in the D-state and its occlusion in the A-state. As the catalytic A/D transition is important in health and disease, we set out to quantify it by measuring Cys39 exposure using isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry, in parallel with complex I NADH/CoQ oxidoreductase activity. To our surprise, we found significant Cys39 exposure during NADH/CoQ oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, this activity was unaffected if Cys39 alkylation occurred during complex I-linked respiration. In contrast, alkylation of catalytically inactive complex I irreversibly blocked the reactivation of NADH/CoQ oxidoreductase activity by NADH. Thus, Cys39 of ND3 is exposed in complex I during mitochondrial respiration, with significant implications for our understanding of the A/D transition and the mechanism of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Burger
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kurt Hoogewijs
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Shujing Ding
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Marta Loureiro-López
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Sabine Arndt
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olga Sauchanka
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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8
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Prag HA, Pala L, Kula-Alwar D, Mulvey JF, Luping D, Beach TE, Booty LM, Hall AR, Logan A, Sauchanka V, Caldwell ST, Robb EL, James AM, Xu Z, Saeb-Parsy K, Hartley RC, Murphy MP, Krieg T. Ester Prodrugs of Malonate with Enhanced Intracellular Delivery Protect Against Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Vivo. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:1-13. [PMID: 32648168 PMCID: PMC8770414 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue initiates the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with heart attack. During ischemia, succinate accumulates and its oxidation upon reperfusion by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) drives ROS production. Inhibition of succinate accumulation and/or oxidation by dimethyl malonate (DMM), a cell permeable prodrug of the SDH inhibitor malonate, can decrease I/R injury. However, DMM is hydrolysed slowly, requiring administration to the heart prior to ischemia, precluding its administration to patients at the point of reperfusion, for example at the same time as unblocking a coronary artery following a heart attack. To accelerate malonate delivery, here we developed more rapidly hydrolysable malonate esters. METHODS We synthesised a series of malonate esters and assessed their uptake and hydrolysis by isolated mitochondria, C2C12 cells and in mice in vivo. In addition, we assessed protection against cardiac I/R injury by the esters using an in vivo mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS We found that the diacetoxymethyl malonate diester (MAM) most rapidly delivered large amounts of malonate to cells in vivo. Furthermore, MAM could inhibit mitochondrial ROS production from succinate oxidation and was protective against I/R injury in vivo when added at reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS The rapidly hydrolysed malonate prodrug MAM can protect against cardiac I/R injury in a clinically relevant mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Pala
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Du Luping
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Timothy E Beach
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lee M Booty
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Volha Sauchanka
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Ellen L Robb
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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9
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Hamed M, Logan A, Gruszczyk AV, Beach TE, James AM, Dare AJ, Barlow A, Martin J, Georgakopoulos N, Gane AM, Crick K, Fouto D, Fear C, Thiru S, Dolezalova N, Ferdinand JR, Clatworthy MR, Hosgood SA, Nicholson ML, Murphy MP, Saeb-Parsy K. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates ischaemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation models. Br J Surg 2021; 108:1072-1081. [PMID: 33963377 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury makes a major contribution to graft damage during kidney transplantation. Oxidative damage to mitochondria is an early event in IR injury. Therefore, the uptake, safety, and efficacy of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ were investigated in models of transplant IR injury. METHODS MitoQ uptake by warm and cooled pairs of pig and declined human kidneys was measured when preserved in cold static storage or by hypothermic machine perfusion. Pairs of pigs' kidneys were exposed to defined periods of warm and cold ischaemia, flushed and stored at 4°C with or without MitoQ (50 nmol/l to 250 µmol/l), followed by reperfusion with oxygenated autologous blood in an ex vivo normothermic perfusion (EVNP). Pairs of declined human kidneys were flushed and stored with or without MitoQ (5-100 µmol/l) at 4°C for 6 h and underwent EVNP with ABO group-matched blood. RESULTS Stable and concentration-dependent uptake of MitoQ was demonstrated for up to 24 h in pig and human kidneys. Total blood flow and urine output were significantly greater in pig kidneys treated with 50 µmol/l MitoQ compared with controls (P = 0.006 and P = 0.007 respectively). In proof-of-concept experiments, blood flow after 1 h of EVNP was significantly greater in human kidneys treated with 50 µmol/l MitoQ than in controls (P ≤ 0.001). Total urine output was numerically higher in the 50-µmol/l MitoQ group compared with the control, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.054). CONCLUSION Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ can be administered to ischaemic kidneys simply and effectively during cold storage, and may improve outcomes after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamed
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - A V Gruszczyk
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - T E Beach
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - A J Dare
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Barlow
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Martin
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Georgakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Gane
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Crick
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Fouto
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Fear
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Thiru
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Dolezalova
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - J R Ferdinand
- Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M R Clatworthy
- Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S A Hosgood
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - M L Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
| | - M P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Gaddale Devanna KK, Gawel JM, Prime TA, Cvetko F, Benincá C, Caldwell ST, Negoda A, Harrison A, James AM, Pavlov EV, Murphy MP, Hartley RC. Tetra-arylborate lipophilic anions as targeting groups. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3147-3150. [PMID: 33634803 PMCID: PMC8062962 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetraphenylborate (TPB) anions traverse membranes but are excluded from mitochondria by the membrane potential (Δψ). TPB-conjugates also distributed across membranes in response to Δψ, but surprisingly, they rapidly entered cells. They accumulated within lysosomes following endocystosis. This pH-independent targeting of lysosomes makes possible new classes of probe and bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna M. Gawel
- School of Chemistry
, University of Glasgow
,
Glasgow
, G12 8QQ
, UK
.
| | - Tracy A. Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
, Hills Road
, University of Cambridge
,
CB2 0XY
, UK
.
| | - Filip Cvetko
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
, Hills Road
, University of Cambridge
,
CB2 0XY
, UK
.
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
, Hills Road
, University of Cambridge
,
CB2 0XY
, UK
.
| | | | - Alexander Negoda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics
, Dalhousie University
,
Halifax
, Nova Scotia
, Canada
| | - Andrew Harrison
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
, Hills Road
, University of Cambridge
,
CB2 0XY
, UK
.
| | - Andrew M. James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
, Hills Road
, University of Cambridge
,
CB2 0XY
, UK
.
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- New York University
, College of Dentistry
, Department of Molecular Pathobiology
, 345 East 24th Street
,
New York
, NY 10010
, USA
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
, Hills Road
, University of Cambridge
,
CB2 0XY
, UK
.
- Department of Medicine
, University of Cambridge
,
Cambridge
, UK
| | | |
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11
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Prag HA, Gruszczyk AV, Huang MM, Beach TE, Young T, Tronci L, Nikitopoulou E, Mulvey JF, Ascione R, Hadjihambi A, Shattock MJ, Pellerin L, Saeb-Parsy K, Frezza C, James AM, Krieg T, Murphy MP, Aksentijević D. Mechanism of succinate efflux upon reperfusion of the ischaemic heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1188-1201. [PMID: 32766828 PMCID: PMC7983001 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Succinate accumulates several-fold in the ischaemic heart and is then rapidly oxidized upon reperfusion, contributing to reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria. In addition, a significant amount of the accumulated succinate is released from the heart into the circulation at reperfusion, potentially activating the G-protein-coupled succinate receptor (SUCNR1). However, the factors that determine the proportion of succinate oxidation or release, and the mechanism of this release, are not known. METHODS AND RESULTS To address these questions, we assessed the fate of accumulated succinate upon reperfusion of anoxic cardiomyocytes, and of the ischaemic heart both ex vivo and in vivo. The release of accumulated succinate was selective and was enhanced by acidification of the intracellular milieu. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition, or haploinsufficiency of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) significantly decreased succinate efflux from the reperfused heart. CONCLUSION Succinate release upon reperfusion of the ischaemic heart is mediated by MCT1 and is facilitated by the acidification of the myocardium during ischaemia. These findings will allow the signalling interaction between succinate released from reperfused ischaemic myocardium and SUCNR1 to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Margaret M Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Timothy E Beach
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Timothy Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Laura Tronci
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Efterpi Nikitopoulou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Medical School and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, 7 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Shattock
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, 7 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, LabEx TRAIL-IBIO, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
- Inserm U1082, Université de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dunja Aksentijević
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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12
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Yin Z, Burger N, Kula-Alwar D, Aksentijević D, Bridges HR, Prag HA, Grba DN, Viscomi C, James AM, Mottahedin A, Krieg T, Murphy MP, Hirst J. Structural basis for a complex I mutation that blocks pathological ROS production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:707. [PMID: 33514727 PMCID: PMC7846746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I is central to the pathological reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that underlies cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. ND6-P25L mice are homoplasmic for a disease-causing mtDNA point mutation encoding the P25L substitution in the ND6 subunit of complex I. The cryo-EM structure of ND6-P25L complex I revealed subtle structural changes that facilitate rapid conversion to the "deactive" state, usually formed only after prolonged inactivity. Despite its tendency to adopt the "deactive" state, the mutant complex is fully active for NADH oxidation, but cannot generate ROS by reverse electron transfer (RET). ND6-P25L mitochondria function normally, except for their lack of RET ROS production, and ND6-P25L mice are protected against cardiac IR injury in vivo. Thus, this single point mutation in complex I, which does not affect oxidative phosphorylation but renders the complex unable to catalyse RET, demonstrates the pathological role of ROS production by RET during IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dunja Aksentijević
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah R Bridges
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel N Grba
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Prag HA, Kula-Alwar D, Pala L, Caldwell ST, Beach TE, James AM, Saeb-Parsy K, Krieg T, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Selective Delivery of Dicarboxylates to Mitochondria by Conjugation to a Lipophilic Cation via a Cleavable Linker. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3526-3540. [PMID: 32692564 PMCID: PMC7482397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many
mitochondrial metabolites and bioactive molecules contain
two carboxylic acid moieties that make them unable to cross biological
membranes. Hence, there is considerable interest in facilitating the
uptake of these molecules into cells and mitochondria to modify or
report on their function. Conjugation to the triphenylphosphonium
(TPP) lipophilic cation is widely used to deliver molecules selectively
to mitochondria in response to the membrane potential. However, permanent
attachment to the cation can disrupt the biological function of small
dicarboxylates. Here, we have developed a strategy using TPP to release
dicarboxylates selectively within mitochondria. For this, the dicarboxylate
is attached to a TPP compound via a single ester bond, which is then
cleaved by intramitochondrial esterase activity, releasing the dicarboxylate
within the organelle. Leaving the second carboxylic acid free also
means mitochondrial uptake is dependent on the pH gradient across
the inner membrane. To assess this strategy, we synthesized a range
of TPP monoesters of the model dicarboxylate, malonate. We then tested
their mitochondrial accumulation and ability to deliver malonate to
isolated mitochondria and to cells, in vitro and in vivo. A TPP–malonate monoester compound, TPP11–malonate, in which the dicarboxylate group was attached
to the TPP compound via a hydrophobic undecyl link, was most effective
at releasing malonate within mitochondria in cells and in
vivo. Therefore, we have developed a TPP–monoester
platform that enables the selective release of bioactive dicarboxylates
within mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A Prag
- Molecular Research Center, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Duvaraka Kula-Alwar
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Pala
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart T Caldwell
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy E Beach
- Department of Surgery, Cambridge National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M James
- Molecular Research Center, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, Cambridge National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Hartley
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Molecular Research Center, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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14
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Beach TE, Prag HA, Pala L, Logan A, Huang MM, Gruszczyk AV, Martin JL, Mahbubani K, Hamed MO, Hosgood SA, Nicholson ML, James AM, Hartley RC, Murphy MP, Saeb-Parsy K. Targeting succinate dehydrogenase with malonate ester prodrugs decreases renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101640. [PMID: 32863205 PMCID: PMC7372157 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury leads to significant patient morbidity and mortality, and its amelioration is an urgent unmet clinical need. Succinate accumulates during ischemia and its oxidation by the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) drives the ROS production that underlies IR injury. Consequently, compounds that inhibit SDH may have therapeutic potential against renal IR injury. Among these, the competitive SDH inhibitor malonate, administered as a cell-permeable malonate ester prodrug, has shown promise in models of cardiac IR injury, but the efficacy of malonate ester prodrugs against renal IR injury have not been investigated. Here we show that succinate accumulates during ischemia in mouse, pig and human models of renal IR injury, and that its rapid oxidation by SDH upon reperfusion drives IR injury. We then show that the malonate ester prodrug, dimethyl malonate (DMM), can ameliorate renal IR injury when administered at reperfusion but not prior to ischemia in the mouse. Finally, we show that another malonate ester prodrug, diacetoxymethyl malonate (MAM), is more potent than DMM because of its faster esterase hydrolysis. Our data show that the mitochondrial mechanisms of renal IR injury are conserved in the mouse, pig and human and that inhibition of SDH by ‘tuned’ malonate ester prodrugs, such as MAM, is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of clinical renal IR injury. Accumulation of succinate during renal ischemia is conserved across species. Succinate dehydrogenase is a key therapeutic target in renal ischemia-reperfusion. Malonate may inhibit succinate dehydrogenase during ischemia and on reperfusion. Ester prodrugs enable delivery of malonate to succinate dehydrogenase in vivo. Malonate ester prodrugs may be ‘fine-tuned’ to optimise their delivery and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Beach
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Laura Pala
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Margaret M Huang
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jack L Martin
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Krishnaa Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mazin O Hamed
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah A Hosgood
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael L Nicholson
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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15
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Fernández-Del-Río L, Kelly ME, Contreras J, Bradley MC, James AM, Murphy MP, Payne GS, Clarke CF. Genes and lipids that impact uptake and assimilation of exogenous coenzyme Q in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:105-118. [PMID: 32387128 PMCID: PMC7611304 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential player in the respiratory electron transport chain and is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant synthesized endogenously in mammalian and yeast cells. In humans, genetic mutations, pathologies, certain medical treatments, and aging, result in CoQ deficiencies, which are linked to mitochondrial, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The only strategy available for these patients is CoQ supplementation. CoQ supplements benefit a small subset of patients, but the poor solubility of CoQ greatly limits treatment efficacy. Consequently, the efficient delivery of CoQ to the mitochondria and restoration of respiratory function remains a major challenge. A better understanding of CoQ uptake and mitochondrial delivery is crucial to make this molecule a more efficient and effective therapeutic tool. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of CoQ uptake and distribution using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. The addition of exogenous CoQ was tested for the ability to restore growth on non-fermentable medium in several strains that lack CoQ synthesis (coq mutants). Surprisingly, we discovered that the presence of CoQ biosynthetic intermediates impairs assimilation of CoQ into a functional respiratory chain in yeast cells. Moreover, a screen of 40 gene deletions considered to be candidates to prevent exogenous CoQ from rescuing growth of the CoQ-less coq2Δ mutant, identified six novel genes (CDC10, RTS1, RVS161, RVS167, VPS1, and NAT3) as necessary for efficient trafficking of CoQ to mitochondria. The proteins encoded by these genes represent essential steps in the pathways responsible for transport of exogenously supplied CoQ to its functional sites in the cell, and definitively associate CoQ distribution with endocytosis and intracellular vesicular trafficking pathways conserved from yeast to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández-Del-Río
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Miranda E Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jaime Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory S Payne
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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16
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Bundgaard A, James AM, Harbour ME, Murphy MP, Fago A. Stable mitochondrial CICIII 2 supercomplex interactions in reptiles versus homeothermic vertebrates. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb223776. [PMID: 32393546 PMCID: PMC7328143 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.223776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association of complex I (CI), complex III (CIII) and complex IV (CIV) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain into stable high molecular weight supercomplexes (SCs) has been observed in several prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but among vertebrates it has only been examined in mammals. The biological role of these SCs is unclear but suggestions so far include enhanced electron transfer between complexes, decreased production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) O2- and H2O2, or enhanced structural stability. Here, we provide the first overview on the stability, composition and activity of mitochondrial SCs in representative species of several vertebrate classes to determine patterns of SC variation across endotherms and ectotherms. We found that the stability of the CICIII2 SC and the inclusion of CIV within the SC varied considerably. Specifically, when solubilized by the detergent DDM, mitochondrial CICIII2 SCs were unstable in endotherms (birds and mammals) and highly stable in reptiles. Using mass-spectrometric complexomics, we confirmed that the CICIII2 is the major SC in the turtle, and that 90% of CI is found in this highly stable SC. Interestingly, the presence of stable SCs did not prevent mitochondrial H2O2 production and was not associated with elevated respiration rates of mitochondria isolated from the examined species. Together, these data show that SC stability varies among vertebrates and is greatest in poikilothermic reptiles and weakest in endotherms. This pattern suggests an adaptive role of SCs to varying body temperature, but not necessarily a direct effect on electron transfer or in the prevention of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael E Harbour
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Smith DGA, Burns LA, Simmonett AC, Parrish RM, Schieber MC, Galvelis R, Kraus P, Kruse H, Di Remigio R, Alenaizan A, James AM, Lehtola S, Misiewicz JP, Scheurer M, Shaw RA, Schriber JB, Xie Y, Glick ZL, Sirianni DA, O’Brien JS, Waldrop JM, Kumar A, Hohenstein EG, Pritchard BP, Brooks BR, Schaefer HF, Sokolov AY, Patkowski K, DePrince AE, Bozkaya U, King RA, Evangelista FA, Turney JM, Crawford TD, Sherrill CD. Psi4 1.4: Open-source software for high-throughput quantum chemistry. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184108. [PMID: 32414239 PMCID: PMC7228781 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PSI4 is a free and open-source ab initio electronic structure program providing implementations of Hartree-Fock, density functional theory, many-body perturbation theory, configuration interaction, density cumulant theory, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, and coupled-cluster theory. Most of the methods are quite efficient, thanks to density fitting and multi-core parallelism. The program is a hybrid of C++ and Python, and calculations may be run with very simple text files or using the Python API, facilitating post-processing and complex workflows; method developers also have access to most of PSI4's core functionalities via Python. Job specification may be passed using The Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI) QCSCHEMA data format, facilitating interoperability. A rewrite of our top-level computation driver, and concomitant adoption of the MolSSI QCARCHIVE INFRASTRUCTURE project, makes the latest version of PSI4 well suited to distributed computation of large numbers of independent tasks. The project has fostered the development of independent software components that may be reused in other quantum chemistry programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori A. Burns
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Andrew C. Simmonett
- National Institutes of Health – National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Robert M. Parrish
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Matthew C. Schieber
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | | | - Peter Kraus
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin
University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102,
Australia
| | - Holger Kruse
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Roberto Di Remigio
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037
Tromsø, Norway
| | - Asem Alenaizan
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Andrew M. James
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Jonathon P. Misiewicz
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific
Computing, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Robert A. Shaw
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science,
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000,
Australia
| | - Jeffrey B. Schriber
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Zachary L. Glick
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Dominic A. Sirianni
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Joseph Senan O’Brien
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Jonathan M. Waldrop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn
University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford
PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California 94025,
USA
| | | | - Bernard R. Brooks
- National Institutes of Health – National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Konrad Patkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn
University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
USA
| | - Uğur Bozkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Rollin A. King
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel
University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, USA
| | | | - Justin M. Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | | - C. David Sherrill
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
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18
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Burger N, Logan A, Prime TA, Mottahedin A, Caldwell ST, Krieg T, Hartley RC, James AM, Murphy MP. A sensitive mass spectrometric assay for mitochondrial CoQ pool redox state in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:37-47. [PMID: 31811922 PMCID: PMC6975167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential cofactor, primarily found in the mitochondrial inner membrane where it functions as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain, and as a lipophilic antioxidant. The redox state of the CoQ pool is the ratio of its oxidised (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol) forms, and is a key indicator of mitochondrial bioenergetic and antioxidant status. However, the role of CoQ redox state in vivo is poorly understood, because determining its value is technically challenging due to redox changes during isolation, extraction and analysis. To address these problems, we have developed a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay that enables us to extract and analyse both the CoQ redox state and the magnitude of the CoQ pool with negligible changes to redox state from small amounts of tissue. This will enable the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the CoQ redox state to be investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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19
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Martin JL, Costa ASH, Gruszczyk AV, Beach TE, Allen FM, Prag HA, Hinchy EC, Mahbubani K, Hamed M, Tronci L, Nikitopoulou E, James AM, Krieg T, Robinson AJ, Huang MH, Caldwell ST, Logan A, Pala L, Hartley RC, Frezza C, Saeb-Parsy K, Murphy MP. Succinate accumulation drives ischaemia-reperfusion injury during organ transplantation. Nat Metab 2019; 1:966-974. [PMID: 32395697 PMCID: PMC7212038 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During heart transplantation, storage in cold preservation solution is thought to protect the organ by slowing metabolism; by providing osmotic support; and by minimising ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury upon transplantation into the recipient1,2. Despite its widespread use our understanding of the metabolic changes prevented by cold storage and how warm ischaemia leads to damage is surprisingly poor. Here, we compare the metabolic changes during warm ischaemia (WI) and cold ischaemia (CI) in hearts from mouse, pig, and human. We identify common metabolic alterations during WI and those affected by CI, thereby elucidating mechanisms underlying the benefits of CI, and how WI causes damage. Succinate accumulation is a major feature within ischaemic hearts across species, and CI slows succinate generation, thereby reducing tissue damage upon reperfusion caused by the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)3,4. Importantly, the inevitable periods of WI during organ procurement lead to the accumulation of damaging levels of succinate during transplantation, despite cooling organs as rapidly as possible. This damage is ameliorated by metabolic inhibitors that prevent succinate accumulation and oxidation. Our findings suggest how WI and CI contribute to transplant outcome and indicate new therapies for improving the quality of transplanted organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L. Martin
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- These authors contributed equally: Jack L. Martin, Ana S. H. Costa
| | - Ana S. H. Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- These authors contributed equally: Jack L. Martin, Ana S. H. Costa
| | - Anja V. Gruszczyk
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Timothy E. Beach
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Fay M. Allen
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hiran A. Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elizabeth C. Hinchy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Krishnaa Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Mazin Hamed
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Laura Tronci
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Efterpi Nikitopoulou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Andrew M. James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alan J. Robinson
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Margaret H. Huang
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Laura Pala
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- These authors contributed equally: Michael P. Murphy, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Correspondence: Professor Michael P. Murphy: , Phone: +44 1223 252900; Dr Kourosh Saeb-Parsy: , Phone: +44 1223 336979
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- These authors contributed equally: Michael P. Murphy, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Correspondence: Professor Michael P. Murphy: , Phone: +44 1223 252900; Dr Kourosh Saeb-Parsy: , Phone: +44 1223 336979
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20
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Robb EL, Hall AR, Prime TA, Eaton S, Szibor M, Viscomi C, James AM, Murphy MP. Correction: Control of mitochondrial superoxide production by reverse electron transport at complex I. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7966. [PMID: 31076523 PMCID: PMC6514609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac119.008929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Booty LM, Gawel JM, Cvetko F, Caldwell ST, Hall AR, Mulvey JF, James AM, Hinchy EC, Prime TA, Arndt S, Beninca C, Bright TP, Clatworthy MR, Ferdinand JR, Prag HA, Logan A, Prudent J, Krieg T, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Selective Disruption of Mitochondrial Thiol Redox State in Cells and In Vivo. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:449-461.e8. [PMID: 30713096 PMCID: PMC6436940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems function independently of the rest of the cell. While maintenance of mitochondrial thiol redox state is thought vital for cell survival, this was not testable due to the difficulty of manipulating the organelle's thiol systems independently of those in other cell compartments. To overcome this constraint we modified the glutathione S-transferase substrate and Trx reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) by conjugation to the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium cation. The result, MitoCDNB, is taken up by mitochondria where it selectively depletes the mitochondrial GSH pool, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, and directly inhibits mitochondrial TrxR2 and peroxiredoxin 3, a peroxidase. Importantly, MitoCDNB inactivates mitochondrial thiol redox homeostasis in isolated cells and in vivo, without affecting that of the cytosol. Consequently, MitoCDNB enables assessment of the biomedical importance of mitochondrial thiol homeostasis in reactive oxygen species production, organelle dynamics, redox signaling, and cell death in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Booty
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Justyna M Gawel
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Filip Cvetko
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Hall
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Hinchy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sabine Arndt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Cristiane Beninca
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas P Bright
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - John R Ferdinand
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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22
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Bundgaard A, James AM, Gruszczyk AV, Martin J, Murphy MP, Fago A. Metabolic adaptations during extreme anoxia in the turtle heart and their implications for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2850. [PMID: 30808950 PMCID: PMC6391391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP depletion and succinate accumulation during ischemia lead to oxidative damage to mammalian organs upon reperfusion. In contrast, freshwater turtles survive weeks of anoxia at low temperatures without suffering from oxidative damage upon reoxygenation, but the mechanisms are unclear. To determine how turtles survive prolonged anoxia, we measured ~80 metabolites in hearts from cold-acclimated (5 °C) turtles exposed to 9 days anoxia and compared the results with those for normoxic turtles (25 °C) and mouse hearts exposed to 30 min of ischemia. In turtles, ATP and ADP decreased to new steady-state levels during fasting and cold-acclimation and further with anoxia, but disappeared within 30 min of ischemia in mouse hearts. High NADH/NAD+ ratios were associated with succinate accumulation in both anoxic turtles and ischemic mouse hearts. However, succinate concentrations and succinate/fumarate ratios were lower in turtle than in mouse heart, limiting the driving force for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon reoxygenation in turtles. Furthermore, we show production of ROS from succinate is prevented by re-synthesis of ATP from ADP. Thus, maintenance of an ATP/ADP pool and low succinate accumulation likely protects turtle hearts from anoxia/reoxygenation injury and suggests metabolic interventions as a therapeutic approach to limit ischemia/reperfusion injury in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Martin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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23
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Duff-Farrier CRA, Mbanzibwa DR, Nanyiti S, Bunawan H, Pablo-Rodriguez JL, Tomlinson KR, James AM, Alicai T, Seal SE, Bailey AM, Foster GD. Strategies for the Construction of Cassava Brown Streak Disease Viral Infectious Clones. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:93-101. [PMID: 30484144 PMCID: PMC6513833 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has major impacts on yield and quality of the tuberous roots of cassava in Eastern and Central Arica. At least two Potyviridae species cause the disease: Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV). Cloned viral genome sequences known as infectious clones (ICs) have been important in the study of other viruses, both as a means of standardising infectious material and characterising viral gene function. IC construction is often technically challenging for Potyviridae due to sequence instability in E. coli. Here, we evaluate three methods for the construction of infectious clones for CBSD. Whilst a simple IC for in vitro transcription was made for UCBSV isolate 'Kikombe', such an approach failed to deliver full-length clones for CBSV isolates 'Nampula' or 'Tanza', necessitating more complex approaches for their construction. The ICs successfully generated symptomatic infection in the model host N. benthamiana and in the natural host cassava. This shows that whilst generating ICs for CBSV is still a technical challenge, a structured approach, evaluating both in vitro and in planta transcription systems should successfully deliver ICs, allowing further study into the symptomology and virulence factors in this important disease complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R A Duff-Farrier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - D R Mbanzibwa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI), P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S Nanyiti
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - H Bunawan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - J L Pablo-Rodriguez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Department of Genetical Engineering, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Campus Irapuato, Km 9.6 libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - K R Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - A M James
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - T Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - S E Seal
- Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - A M Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - G D Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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24
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Galván-Peña S, Carroll RG, Newman C, Hinchy EC, Palsson-McDermott E, Robinson EK, Covarrubias S, Nadin A, James AM, Haneklaus M, Carpenter S, Kelly VP, Murphy MP, Modis LK, O'Neill LA. Malonylation of GAPDH is an inflammatory signal in macrophages. Nat Commun 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 30659183 PMCID: PMC6338787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages undergo metabolic changes during activation that are coupled to functional responses. The gram negative bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is especially potent at driving metabolic reprogramming, enhancing glycolysis and altering the Krebs cycle. Here we describe a role for the citrate-derived metabolite malonyl-CoA in the effect of LPS in macrophages. Malonylation of a wide variety of proteins occurs in response to LPS. We focused on one of these, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In resting macrophages, GAPDH binds to and suppresses translation of several inflammatory mRNAs, including that encoding TNFα. Upon LPS stimulation, GAPDH undergoes malonylation on lysine 213, leading to its dissociation from TNFα mRNA, promoting translation. We therefore identify for the first time malonylation as a signal, regulating GAPDH mRNA binding to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Galván-Peña
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Richard G Carroll
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Carla Newman
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Hinchy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eva Palsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Elektra K Robinson
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Sergio Covarrubias
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Alan Nadin
- NCE Molecular Tools Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Moritz Haneklaus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Vincent P Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Louise K Modis
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland.
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
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25
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James AM, Smith CL, Smith AC, Robinson AJ, Hoogewijs K, Murphy MP. The Causes and Consequences of Nonenzymatic Protein Acylation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:921-932. [PMID: 30131192 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of protein acyl modification sites have now been identified in vivo. However, at most sites the acylation stoichiometry is low, making functional enzyme-driven regulation in the majority of cases unlikely. As unmediated acylation can occur on the surface of proteins when acyl-CoA thioesters react with nucleophilic cysteine and lysine residues, slower nonenzymatic processes likely underlie most protein acylation. Here, we review how nonenzymatic acylation of nucleophilic lysine and cysteine residues occurs; the factors that enhance acylation at particular sites; and the strategies that have evolved to limit protein acylation. We conclude that protein acylation is an unavoidable consequence of the central role of reactive thioesters in metabolism. Finally, we propose a hypothesis for why low-stoichiometry protein acylation is selected against by evolution and how it might contribute to degenerative processes such as aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Cassandra L Smith
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anthony C Smith
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alan J Robinson
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Kurt Hoogewijs
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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26
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James AM, Smith AC, Smith CL, Robinson AJ, Murphy MP. Proximal Cysteines that Enhance Lysine N-Acetylation of Cytosolic Proteins in Mice Are Less Conserved in Longer-Living Species. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1445-1455. [PMID: 30089256 PMCID: PMC6092265 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is an abundant metabolite that can also alter protein function through non-enzymatic N-acetylation of protein lysines. This N-acetylation is greatly enhanced in vitro if an adjacent cysteine undergoes initial S-acetylation, as this can lead to S→N transfer of the acetyl moiety. Here, using modeled mouse structures of 619 proteins N-acetylated in mouse liver, we show lysine N-acetylation is greater in vivo if a cysteine is within ∼10 Å. Extension to the genomes of 52 other mammalian and bird species shows pairs of proximal cysteine and N-acetylated lysines are less conserved, implying most N-acetylation is detrimental. Supporting this, there is less conservation of cytosolic pairs of proximal cysteine and N-acetylated lysines in species with longer lifespans. As acetyl-CoA levels are linked to nutrient supply, these findings suggest how dietary restriction could extend lifespan and how pathologies resulting from dietary excess may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Anthony C Smith
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Cassandra L Smith
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alan J Robinson
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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27
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Robb EL, Hall AR, Prime TA, Eaton S, Szibor M, Viscomi C, James AM, Murphy MP. Control of mitochondrial superoxide production by reverse electron transport at complex I. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9869-9879. [PMID: 29743240 PMCID: PMC6016480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of mitochondrial superoxide (O2̇̄) by reverse electron transport (RET) at complex I causes oxidative damage in pathologies such as ischemia reperfusion injury, but also provides the precursor to H2O2 production in physiological mitochondrial redox signaling. Here, we quantified the factors that determine mitochondrial O2̇̄ production by RET in isolated heart mitochondria. Measuring mitochondrial H2O2 production at a range of proton-motive force (Δp) values and for several coenzyme Q (CoQ) and NADH pool redox states obtained with the uncoupler p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, we show that O2̇̄ production by RET responds to changes in O2 concentration, the magnitude of Δp, and the redox states of the CoQ and NADH pools. Moreover, we determined how expressing the alternative oxidase from the tunicate Ciona intestinalis to oxidize the CoQ pool affected RET-mediated O2̇̄ production at complex I, underscoring the importance of the CoQ pool for mitochondrial O2̇̄ production by RET. An analysis of O2̇̄ production at complex I as a function of the thermodynamic forces driving RET at complex I revealed that many molecules that affect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production do so by altering the overall thermodynamic driving forces of RET, rather than by directly acting on complex I. These findings clarify the factors controlling RET-mediated mitochondrial O2̇̄ production in both pathological and physiological conditions. We conclude that O2̇̄ production by RET is highly responsive to small changes in Δp and the CoQ redox state, indicating that complex I RET represents a major mode of mitochondrial redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Robb
- From the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Hall
- From the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy A Prime
- From the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Eaton
- the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Marten Szibor
- the Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere FI-33014, Finland, and
- the Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- From the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M James
- From the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- From the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,
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28
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Smith DGA, Burns LA, Sirianni DA, Nascimento DR, Kumar A, James AM, Schriber JB, Zhang T, Zhang B, Abbott AS, Berquist EJ, Lechner MH, Cunha LA, Heide AG, Waldrop JM, Takeshita TY, Alenaizan A, Neuhauser D, King RA, Simmonett AC, Turney JM, Schaefer HF, Evangelista FA, DePrince AE, Crawford TD, Patkowski K, Sherrill CD. Psi4NumPy: An Interactive Quantum Chemistry Programming Environment for Reference Implementations and Rapid Development. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3504-3511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. A. Smith
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Lori A. Burns
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Dominic A. Sirianni
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Daniel R. Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrew M. James
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Schriber
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Adam S. Abbott
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Eric J. Berquist
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Marvin H. Lechner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo A. Cunha
- The Technical Institute of Aeronautics, São José dos Campos, 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Alexander G. Heide
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Waldrop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Tyler Y. Takeshita
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Asem Alenaizan
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Daniel Neuhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rollin A. King
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Andrew C. Simmonett
- National Institutes of Health - National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Laboratory of Computational Biology, 5635 Fishers Lane, T-900 Suite, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Justin M. Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - T. Daniel Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Konrad Patkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - C. David Sherrill
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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29
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Bundgaard A, James AM, Joyce W, Murphy MP, Fago A. Suppression of reactive oxygen species generation in heart mitochondria from anoxic turtles: the role of complex I S-nitrosation. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb174391. [PMID: 29496783 PMCID: PMC5963835 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater turtles (Trachemys scripta) are among the very few vertebrates capable of tolerating severe hypoxia and re-oxygenation without suffering from damage to the heart. As myocardial ischemia and reperfusion causes a burst of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammals, the question arises as to whether, and if so how, this ROS burst is prevented in the turtle heart. We find that heart mitochondria isolated from turtles acclimated to anoxia produce less ROS than mitochondria from normoxic turtles when consuming succinate. As succinate accumulates in the hypoxic heart and is oxidized when oxygen returns, this suggests an adaptation to lessen ROS production. Specific S-nitrosation of complex I can lower ROS in mammals and here we show that turtle complex I activity and ROS production can also be strongly depressed in vitro by S-nitrosation. We detect in vivo endogenous S-nitrosated complex I in turtle heart mitochondria, but these levels are unaffected upon anoxia acclimation. Thus, while heart mitochondria from anoxia-acclimated turtles generate less ROS and have a lower aerobic capacity than those from normoxic turtles, this is not due to decreases in complex I activity or expression levels. Interestingly, in-gel activity staining reveals that most complex I of heart mitochondria from normoxic and anoxic turtles forms stable super-complexes with other respiratory enzymes and, in contrast to mammals, these are not disrupted by dodecyl maltoside. Taken together, these results show that although S-nitrosation of complex I is a potent mechanism to prevent ROS formation upon re-oxygenation after anoxia in vitro, this is not a major cause of the suppression of ROS production by anoxic turtle heart mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - William Joyce
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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30
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Shchepinova MM, Cairns AG, Prime TA, Logan A, James AM, Hall AR, Vidoni S, Arndt S, Caldwell ST, Prag HA, Pell VR, Krieg T, Mulvey JF, Yadav P, Cobley JN, Bright TP, Senn HM, Anderson RF, Murphy MP, Hartley RC. MitoNeoD: A Mitochondria-Targeted Superoxide Probe. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1285-1298.e12. [PMID: 28890317 PMCID: PMC6278870 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide (O2⋅-) underlies much oxidative damage and redox signaling. Fluorescent probes can detect O2⋅-, but are of limited applicability in vivo, while in cells their usefulness is constrained by side reactions and DNA intercalation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a dual-purpose mitochondrial O2⋅- probe, MitoNeoD, which can assess O2⋅- changes in vivo by mass spectrometry and in vitro by fluorescence. MitoNeoD comprises a O2⋅--sensitive reduced phenanthridinium moiety modified to prevent DNA intercalation, as well as a carbon-deuterium bond to enhance its selectivity for O2⋅- over non-specific oxidation, and a triphenylphosphonium lipophilic cation moiety leading to the rapid accumulation within mitochondria. We demonstrated that MitoNeoD was a versatile and robust probe to assess changes in mitochondrial O2⋅- from isolated mitochondria to animal models, thus offering a way to examine the many roles of mitochondrial O2⋅- production in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew G Cairns
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sara Vidoni
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sabine Arndt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stuart T Caldwell
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Victoria R Pell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Pooja Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - James N Cobley
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Thomas P Bright
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hans M Senn
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robert F Anderson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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31
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Chouchani ET, James AM, Methner C, Pell VR, Prime TA, Erickson BK, Forkink M, Lau GY, Bright TP, Menger KE, Fearnley IM, Krieg T, Murphy MP. Identification and quantification of protein S-nitrosation by nitrite in the mouse heart during ischemia. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14486-14495. [PMID: 28710281 PMCID: PMC5582841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) are known to be cardioprotective and to alter energy metabolism in vivo NO3- action results from its conversion to NO2- by salivary bacteria, but the mechanism(s) by which NO2- affects metabolism remains obscure. NO2- may act by S-nitrosating protein thiols, thereby altering protein activity. But how this occurs, and the functional importance of S-nitrosation sites across the mammalian proteome, remain largely uncharacterized. Here we analyzed protein thiols within mouse hearts in vivo using quantitative proteomics to determine S-nitrosation site occupancy. We extended the thiol-redox proteomic technique, isotope-coded affinity tag labeling, to quantify the extent of NO2--dependent S-nitrosation of proteins thiols in vivo Using this approach, called SNOxICAT (S-nitrosothiol redox isotope-coded affinity tag), we found that exposure to NO2- under normoxic conditions or exposure to ischemia alone results in minimal S-nitrosation of protein thiols. However, exposure to NO2- in conjunction with ischemia led to extensive S-nitrosation of protein thiols across all cellular compartments. Several mitochondrial protein thiols exposed to the mitochondrial matrix were selectively S-nitrosated under these conditions, potentially contributing to the beneficial effects of NO2- on mitochondrial metabolism. The permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane to HNO2, but not to NO2-, combined with the lack of S-nitrosation during anoxia alone or by NO2- during normoxia places constraints on how S-nitrosation occurs in vivo and on its mechanisms of cardioprotection and modulation of energy metabolism. Quantifying S-nitrosated protein thiols now allows determination of modified cysteines across the proteome and identification of those most likely responsible for the functional consequences of NO2- exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02284-9168, .,the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Andrew M James
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Carmen Methner
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria R Pell
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy A Prime
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Brian K Erickson
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02284-9168.,the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marleen Forkink
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Thomas P Bright
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Katja E Menger
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Thomas Krieg
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
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32
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Parrish RM, Burns LA, Smith DGA, Simmonett AC, DePrince AE, Hohenstein EG, Bozkaya U, Sokolov AY, Di Remigio R, Richard RM, Gonthier JF, James AM, McAlexander HR, Kumar A, Saitow M, Wang X, Pritchard BP, Verma P, Schaefer HF, Patkowski K, King RA, Valeev EF, Evangelista FA, Turney JM, Crawford TD, Sherrill CD. Psi4 1.1: An Open-Source Electronic Structure Program Emphasizing Automation, Advanced Libraries, and Interoperability. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3185-3197. [PMID: 28489372 PMCID: PMC7495355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 742] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psi4 is an ab initio electronic structure program providing methods such as Hartree-Fock, density functional theory, configuration interaction, and coupled-cluster theory. The 1.1 release represents a major update meant to automate complex tasks, such as geometry optimization using complete-basis-set extrapolation or focal-point methods. Conversion of the top-level code to a Python module means that Psi4 can now be used in complex workflows alongside other Python tools. Several new features have been added with the aid of libraries providing easy access to techniques such as density fitting, Cholesky decomposition, and Laplace denominators. The build system has been completely rewritten to simplify interoperability with independent, reusable software components for quantum chemistry. Finally, a wide range of new theoretical methods and analyses have been added to the code base, including functional-group and open-shell symmetry adapted perturbation theory, density-fitted coupled cluster with frozen natural orbitals, orbital-optimized perturbation and coupled-cluster methods (e.g., OO-MP2 and OO-LCCD), density-fitted multiconfigurational self-consistent field, density cumulant functional theory, algebraic-diagrammatic construction excited states, improvements to the geometry optimizer, and the "X2C" approach to relativistic corrections, among many other improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Parrish
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Lori A Burns
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Daniel G A Smith
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew C Simmonett
- National Institutes of Health , National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Laboratory of Computational Biology, 5635 Fishers Lane, T-900 Suite, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - A Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Uğur Bozkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Alexander Yu Sokolov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Roberto Di Remigio
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ryan M Richard
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jérôme F Gonthier
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew M James
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Harley R McAlexander
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Masaaki Saitow
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Benjamin P Pritchard
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Konrad Patkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Rollin A King
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel University , St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Edward F Valeev
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - T Daniel Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - C David Sherrill
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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James AM, Laconsay CJ, Galbraith JM. Charge-Shift Corrected Electronegativities and the Effect of Bond Polarity and Substituents on Covalent-Ionic Resonance Energy. J Phys Chem A 2017. [PMID: 28636364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bond dissociation energies and resonance energies for HnA-BHm molecules (A, B = H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Li, and Na) have been determined in order to re-evaluate the concept of electronegativity in the context of modern valence bond theory. Following Pauling's original scheme and using the rigorous definition of the covalent-ionic resonance energy provided by the breathing orbital valence bond method, we have derived a charge-shift corrected electronegativity scale for H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Li, and Na. Atomic charge shift character is defined using a similar approach resulting in values of 0.42, 1.06, 1.43, 1.62, 1.64, 1.44, 0.46, and 0.34 for H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Li, and Na, respectively. The charge-shift corrected electronegativity values presented herein follow the same general trends as Pauling's original values with the exception of Li having a smaller value than Na (1.57 and 1.91 for Li and Na respectively). The resonance energy is then broken down into components derived from the atomic charge shift character and polarization effects. It is then shown that most of the resonance energy in the charge-shift bonds H-F, H3C-F, and Li-CH3 and borderline charge-shift H-OH is associated with polarity rather than the intrinsic atomic charge-shift character of the bonding species. This suggests a rebranding of these bonds as "polar charge-shift" rather than simply "charge-shift". Lastly, using a similar breakdown method, it is shown that the small effect the substituents -CH3, -NH2, -OH, and -F have on the resonance energy (<10%) is mostly due to changes in the charge-shift character of the bonding atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M James
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Marist College , 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - Croix J Laconsay
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Marist College , 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - John Morrison Galbraith
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Marist College , 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
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Hoogewijs K, James AM, Smith RAJ, Abendroth F, Gait MJ, Murphy MP, Lightowlers RN. ClickIn: a flexible protocol for quantifying mitochondrial uptake of nucleobase derivatives. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20160117. [PMID: 28382203 PMCID: PMC5311907 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in targeting molecules to the mitochondrial matrix. Many proteins are naturally imported through the translocase complexes found in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. One possible means for importing molecules is therefore to use a mitochondrial pre-protein as a vector and assess what forms of molecules can be attached to the pre-protein as cargo. A major difficulty with this approach is to ensure that any chimaeric molecule does indeed access the mitochondrial matrix and does not merely associate with the mitochondrial membranes. We have recently demonstrated that click chemistry can be used both to demonstrate convincingly mitochondrial import of a peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugate and also to quantify the mitochondrial uptake for specific synthetic conjugates. We now report an adaptation of the synthesis to facilitate simple quantification of multiple molecules and hence to calculate the efficiency of their mitochondrial import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Hoogewijs
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew M. James
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Frank Abendroth
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J. Gait
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert N. Lightowlers
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Croix J. Laconsay
- Department of Chemistry,
Biochemistry, and Physics, Marist College, 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - Andrew M. James
- Department of Chemistry,
Biochemistry, and Physics, Marist College, 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - John Morrison Galbraith
- Department of Chemistry,
Biochemistry, and Physics, Marist College, 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
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36
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Hoogewijs K, James AM, Smith RAJ, Gait MJ, Murphy MP, Lightowlers RN. Assessing the Delivery of Molecules to the Mitochondrial Matrix Using Click Chemistry. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1312-6. [PMID: 27124570 PMCID: PMC4973694 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to health and disease, hence there is considerable interest in developing mitochondria‐targeted therapies that require the delivery of peptides or nucleic acid oligomers. However, progress has been impeded by the lack of a measure of mitochondrial import of these molecules. Here, we address this need by quantitatively detecting molecules within the mitochondrial matrix. We used a mitochondria‐ targeted cyclooctyne (MitoOct) that accumulates several‐ hundredfold in the matrix, driven by the membrane potential. There, MitoOct reacts through click chemistry with an azide on the target molecule to form a diagnostic product that can be quantified by mass spectrometry. Because the membrane potential‐dependent MitoOct concentration in the matrix is essential for conjugation, we can now determine definitively whether a putative mitochondrion‐targeted molecule reaches the matrix. This “ClickIn” approach will facilitate development of mitochondria‐targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Hoogewijs
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK.,The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Gait
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Robert N Lightowlers
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Finichiu PG, Larsen DS, Evans C, Larsen L, Bright TP, Robb EL, Trnka J, Prime TA, James AM, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. A mitochondria-targeted derivative of ascorbate: MitoC. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:668-78. [PMID: 26453920 PMCID: PMC4698375 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes to a wide range of pathologies. One therapeutic strategy to treat these disorders is targeting antioxidants to mitochondria by conjugation to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation. To date only hydrophobic antioxidants have been targeted to mitochondria; however, extending this approach to hydrophilic antioxidants offers new therapeutic and research opportunities. Here we report the development and characterization of MitoC, a mitochondria-targeted version of the hydrophilic antioxidant ascorbate. We show that MitoC can be taken up by mitochondria, despite the polarity and acidity of ascorbate, by using a sufficiently hydrophobic link to the TPP moiety. MitoC reacts with a range of reactive species, and within mitochondria is rapidly recycled back to the active ascorbate moiety by the glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Because of this accumulation and recycling MitoC is an effective antioxidant against mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and also decreases aconitase inactivation by superoxide. These findings show that the incorporation of TPP function can be used to target polar and acidic compounds to mitochondria, opening up the delivery of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, MitoC has therapeutic potential as a new mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, and is a useful tool to explore the role(s) of ascorbate within mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Finichiu
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Cameron Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Thomas P Bright
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ellen L Robb
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jan Trnka
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Bioenergetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Robb EL, Gawel JM, Aksentijević D, Cochemé HM, Stewart TS, Shchepinova MM, Qiang H, Prime TA, Bright TP, James AM, Shattock MJ, Senn HM, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Selective superoxide generation within mitochondria by the targeted redox cycler MitoParaquat. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:883-94. [PMID: 26454075 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide is the proximal reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the mitochondrial respiratory chain and plays a major role in pathological oxidative stress and redox signaling. While there are tools to detect or decrease mitochondrial superoxide, none can rapidly and specifically increase superoxide production within the mitochondrial matrix. This lack impedes progress, making it challenging to assess accurately the roles of mitochondrial superoxide in cells and in vivo. To address this unmet need, we synthesized and characterized a mitochondria-targeted redox cycler, MitoParaquat (MitoPQ) that comprises a triphenylphosphonium lipophilic cation conjugated to the redox cycler paraquat. MitoPQ accumulates selectively in the mitochondrial matrix driven by the membrane potential. Within the matrix, MitoPQ produces superoxide by redox cycling at the flavin site of complex I, selectively increasing superoxide production within mitochondria. MitoPQ increased mitochondrial superoxide in isolated mitochondria and cells in culture ~a thousand-fold more effectively than untargeted paraquat. MitoPQ was also more toxic than paraquat in the isolated perfused heart and in Drosophila in vivo. MitoPQ enables the selective generation of superoxide within mitochondria and is a useful tool to investigate the many roles of mitochondrial superoxide in pathology and redox signaling in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Robb
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Justyna M Gawel
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dunja Aksentijević
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tessa S Stewart
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - He Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas P Bright
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Hans M Senn
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Menger KE, James AM, Cochemé HM, Harbour ME, Chouchani ET, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Partridge L, Murphy MP. Fasting, but Not Aging, Dramatically Alters the Redox Status of Cysteine Residues on Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1285. [PMID: 28873344 PMCID: PMC5643521 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Menger KE, James AM, Cochemé HM, Harbour ME, Chouchani ET, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Partridge L, Murphy MP. Fasting, but Not Aging, Dramatically Alters the Redox Status of Cysteine Residues on Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1856-65. [PMID: 26095360 PMCID: PMC4508341 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altering the redox state of cysteine residues on protein surfaces is an important response to environmental challenges. Although aging and fasting alter many redox processes, the role of cysteine residues is uncertain. To address this, we used a redox proteomic technique, oxidative isotope-coded affinity tags (OxICAT), to assess cysteine-residue redox changes in Drosophila melanogaster during aging and fasting. This approach enabled us to simultaneously identify and quantify the redox state of several hundred cysteine residues in vivo. Cysteine residues within young flies had a bimodal distribution with peaks at ∼10% and ∼85% reversibly oxidized. Surprisingly, these cysteine residues did not become more oxidized with age. In contrast, 24 hr of fasting dramatically oxidized cysteine residues that were reduced under fed conditions while also reducing cysteine residues that were initially oxidized. We conclude that fasting, but not aging, dramatically alters cysteine-residue redox status in D. melanogaster. The redox state and identity of cysteine residues in flies can be determined by OxICAT Overall cysteine-residue redox state does not change with age H2O2 and paraquat have surprisingly distinct effects on cysteine-residue redox state Fasting for 24 hr dramatically alters the redox state of cysteine residues
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja E Menger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - Helena M Cochemé
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and GEE, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Edward T Chouchani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-5730, USA
| | - Shujing Ding
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and GEE, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
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James AM, Burdett C, McCool MJ, Fox A, Riggs P. The geographic distribution and ecological preferences of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), in the U.S.A. Med Vet Entomol 2015; 29:178-188. [PMID: 25684582 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Equine piroplasmosis (EP), caused by two parasitic organisms, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, is a tick-borne disease of recent concern in horses in the U.S.A. Outbreaks of EP have been detected in Florida, Missouri, Kansas and Texas. In 2009, EP transmission in Texas occurred through the adults of two tick species, Amblyomma mixtum [formerly known as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787)] Koch (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Ixodida: Ixodidae), the American dog tick (ADT). In this study, we developed a continent-scale map for the distribution of the EP vector species D. variabilis, using a presence-only modelling approach to assess the habitat preferences of this tick. We used identification records from our tick geodatabase of locations in which the presence of the ADT had been noted. The potential distribution of the ADT in the U.S.A. was estimated from environmental factors using the maximum entropy approach based on localities in which there is a high probability of occurrence according to habitat suitability. Elevation and temperature were found to be biologically significant environmental variables influencing the presence of this tick species. Properly designed and constructed probability surfaces using maximum entropy offer one useful approach to the mapping of distribution ranges of tick species based on suitable habitat in the U.S.A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M James
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
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Cunniff B, Newick K, Nelson KJ, Wozniak AN, Beuschel S, Leavitt B, Bhave A, Butnor K, Koenig A, Chouchani ET, James AM, Haynes AC, Lowther WT, Murphy MP, Shukla A, Heintz NH. Disabling Mitochondrial Peroxide Metabolism via Combinatorial Targeting of Peroxiredoxin 3 as an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Malignant Mesothelioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127310. [PMID: 26011724 PMCID: PMC4444329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of signaling pathways and energy metabolism in cancer cells enhances production of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide that supports tumorigenesis through multiple mechanisms. To counteract the adverse effects of mitochondrial peroxide many solid tumor types up-regulate the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase 2 - thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) - peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) antioxidant network. Using malignant mesothelioma cells as a model, we show that thiostrepton (TS) irreversibly disables PRX3 via covalent crosslinking of peroxidatic and resolving cysteine residues in homodimers, and that targeting the oxidoreductase TRX2 with the triphenylmethane gentian violet (GV) potentiates adduction by increasing levels of disulfide-bonded PRX3 dimers. Due to the fact that activity of the PRX3 catalytic cycle dictates the rate of adduction by TS, immortalized and primary human mesothelial cells are significantly less sensitive to both compounds. Moreover, stable knockdown of PRX3 reduces mesothelioma cell proliferation and sensitivity to TS. Expression of catalase in shPRX3 mesothelioma cells restores defects in cell proliferation but not sensitivity to TS. In a SCID mouse xenograft model of human mesothelioma, administration of TS and GV together reduced tumor burden more effectively than either agent alone. Because increased production of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide is a common phenotype of malignant cells, and TS and GV are well tolerated in mammals, we propose that targeting PRX3 is a feasible redox-dependent strategy for managing mesothelioma and other intractable human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kheng Newick
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA, 19147, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J. Nelson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States of America
| | - Alexandra N. Wozniak
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Stacie Beuschel
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Bruce Leavitt
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Anant Bhave
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Kelly Butnor
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Andreas Koenig
- University of Vermont, Department of Immunology medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Edward T. Chouchani
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. James
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexina C. Haynes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States of America
| | - W. Todd Lowther
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Arti Shukla
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Nicholas H. Heintz
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
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Booty LM, King MS, Thangaratnarajah C, Majd H, James AM, Kunji ERS, Murphy MP. The mitochondrial dicarboxylate and 2-oxoglutarate carriers do not transport glutathione. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:621-8. [PMID: 25637873 PMCID: PMC4332691 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione carries out vital protective roles within mitochondria, but is synthesised in the cytosol. Previous studies have suggested that the mitochondrial dicarboxylate and 2-oxoglutarate carriers were responsible for glutathione uptake. We set out to characterise the putative glutathione transport by using fused membrane vesicles of Lactococcus lactis overexpressing the dicarboxylate and 2-oxoglutarate carriers. Although transport of the canonical substrates could be measured readily, an excess of glutathione did not compete for substrate uptake nor could transport of glutathione be measured directly. Thus these mitochondrial carriers do not transport glutathione and the identity of the mitochondrial glutathione transporter remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Booty
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin S King
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Chancievan Thangaratnarajah
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Homa Majd
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Chouchani ET, Pell VR, Gaude E, Aksentijević D, Sundier SY, Robb EL, Logan A, Nadtochiy SM, Ord ENJ, Smith AC, Eyassu F, Shirley R, Hu CH, Dare AJ, James AM, Rogatti S, Hartley RC, Eaton S, Costa ASH, Brookes PS, Davidson SM, Duchen MR, Saeb-Parsy K, Shattock MJ, Robinson AJ, Work LM, Frezza C, Krieg T, Murphy MP. Ischaemic accumulation of succinate controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial ROS. Nature 2014; 515:431-435. [PMID: 25383517 PMCID: PMC4255242 DOI: 10.1038/nature13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1775] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury occurs when the blood supply to an organ is disrupted and then restored, and underlies many disorders, notably heart attack and stroke. While reperfusion of ischaemic tissue is essential for survival, it also initiates oxidative damage, cell death and aberrant immune responses through the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although mitochondrial ROS production in ischaemia reperfusion is established, it has generally been considered a nonspecific response to reperfusion. Here we develop a comparative in vivo metabolomic analysis, and unexpectedly identify widely conserved metabolic pathways responsible for mitochondrial ROS production during ischaemia reperfusion. We show that selective accumulation of the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate is a universal metabolic signature of ischaemia in a range of tissues and is responsible for mitochondrial ROS production during reperfusion. Ischaemic succinate accumulation arises from reversal of succinate dehydrogenase, which in turn is driven by fumarate overflow from purine nucleotide breakdown and partial reversal of the malate/aspartate shuttle. After reperfusion, the accumulated succinate is rapidly re-oxidized by succinate dehydrogenase, driving extensive ROS generation by reverse electron transport at mitochondrial complex I. Decreasing ischaemic succinate accumulation by pharmacological inhibition is sufficient to ameliorate in vivo ischaemia-reperfusion injury in murine models of heart attack and stroke. Thus, we have identified a conserved metabolic response of tissues to ischaemia and reperfusion that unifies many hitherto unconnected aspects of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, these findings reveal a new pathway for metabolic control of ROS production in vivo, while demonstrating that inhibition of ischaemic succinate accumulation and its oxidation after subsequent reperfusion is a potential therapeutic target to decrease ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a range of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Victoria R Pell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Dunja Aksentijević
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Stephanie Y Sundier
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ellen L Robb
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Emily N J Ord
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anthony C Smith
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Filmon Eyassu
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rachel Shirley
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Chou-Hui Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anna J Dare
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | | | - Simon Eaton
- Unit of Paediatric Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sean M Davidson
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- University Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alan J Robinson
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lorraine M Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Pun PBL, Logan A, Darley-Usmar V, Chacko B, Johnson MS, Huang GW, Rogatti S, Prime TA, Methner C, Krieg T, Fearnley IM, Larsen L, Larsen DS, Menger KE, Collins Y, James AM, Kumar GDK, Hartley RC, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. A mitochondria-targeted mass spectrometry probe to detect glyoxals: implications for diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:437-50. [PMID: 24316194 PMCID: PMC3978666 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The glycation of protein and nucleic acids that occurs as a consequence of hyperglycemia disrupts cell function and contributes to many pathologies, including those associated with diabetes and aging. Intracellular glycation occurs after the generation of the reactive 1,2-dicarbonyls methylglyoxal and glyoxal, and disruption of mitochondrial function is associated with hyperglycemia. However, the contribution of these reactive dicarbonyls to mitochondrial damage in pathology is unclear owing to uncertainties about their levels within mitochondria in cells and in vivo. To address this we have developed a mitochondria-targeted reagent (MitoG) designed to assess the levels of mitochondrial dicarbonyls within cells. MitoG comprises a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cationic function, which directs the molecules to mitochondria within cells, and an o-phenylenediamine moiety that reacts with dicarbonyls to give distinctive and stable products. The extent of accumulation of these diagnostic heterocyclic products can be readily and sensitively quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enabling changes to be determined. Using the MitoG-based analysis we assessed the formation of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in response to hyperglycemia in cells in culture and in the Akita mouse model of diabetes in vivo. These findings indicated that the levels of methylglyoxal and glyoxal within mitochondria increase during hyperglycemia both in cells and in vivo, suggesting that they can contribute to the pathological mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs in diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Boon Li Pun
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Balu Chacko
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Guang W Huang
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sebastian Rogatti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Carmen Methner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katja E Menger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yvonne Collins
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - G D Kishore Kumar
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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47
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Logan A, Cochemé HM, Li Pun PB, Apostolova N, Smith RAJ, Larsen L, Larsen DS, James AM, Fearnley IM, Rogatti S, Prime TA, Finichiu PG, Dare A, Chouchani ET, Pell VR, Methner C, Quin C, McQuaker SJ, Krieg T, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Using exomarkers to assess mitochondrial reactive species in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:923-30. [PMID: 23726990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to measure the concentrations of small damaging and signalling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo is essential to understanding their biological roles. While a range of methods can be applied to in vitro systems, measuring the levels and relative changes in reactive species in vivo is challenging. SCOPE OF REVIEW One approach towards achieving this goal is the use of exomarkers. In this, exogenous probe compounds are administered to the intact organism and are then transformed by the reactive molecules in vivo to produce a diagnostic exomarker. The exomarker and the precursor probe can be analysed ex vivo to infer the identity and amounts of the reactive species present in vivo. This is akin to the measurement of biomarkers produced by the interaction of reactive species with endogenous biomolecules. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our laboratories have developed mitochondria-targeted probes that generate exomarkers that can be analysed ex vivo by mass spectrometry to assess levels of reactive species within mitochondria in vivo. We have used one of these compounds, MitoB, to infer the levels of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide within flies and mice. Here we describe the development of MitoB and expand on this example to discuss how better probes and exomarkers can be developed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Collins
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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49
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Kelso GF, Maroz A, Cochemé HM, Logan A, Prime TA, Peskin AV, Winterbourn CC, James AM, Ross MF, Brooker S, Porteous CM, Anderson RF, Murphy MP, Smith RAJ. A mitochondria-targeted macrocyclic Mn(II) superoxide dismutase mimetic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:1237-46. [PMID: 23102218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide (O(2)(·-)) is the proximal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species underlying pathology and redox signaling. This central role prioritizes development of a mitochondria-targeted reagent selective for controlling O(2)(·-). We have conjugated a mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation to a O(2)(·-)-selective pentaaza macrocyclic Mn(II) superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic to make MitoSOD, a mitochondria-targeted SOD mimetic. MitoSOD showed rapid and extensive membrane potential-dependent uptake into mitochondria without loss of Mn and retained SOD activity. Pulse radiolysis measurements confirmed that MitoSOD was a very effective catalytic SOD mimetic. MitoSOD also catalyzes the ascorbate-dependent reduction of O(2)(·-). The combination of mitochondrial uptake and O(2)(·-) scavenging by MitoSOD decreased inactivation of the matrix enzyme aconitase caused by O(2)(·-). MitoSOD is an effective mitochondria-targeted macrocyclic SOD mimetic that selectively protects mitochondria from O(2)(·-) damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey F Kelso
- Centre for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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50
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James AM, Collins Y, Logan A, Murphy MP. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and the metabolic syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:429-34. [PMID: 22831852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current epidemic of the metabolic syndrome in the developed world is largely due to overnutrition and lack of physical activity. However, the underlying causes by which chronic overnutrition interacts with genotype and physical inactivity to generate the metabolic syndrome phenotype are complex, and include multiple metabolic and physiological alterations. Mitochondrial oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to the metabolic syndrome, but the mechanisms and significance are unclear. Here we review how disruption of mitochondrial metabolism and increased oxidative stress may occur during overnutrition coupled with limited physical activity. From this we suggest a unifying hypothesis to integrate what is known about mitochondrial involvement in the metabolic syndrome that points to testable hypotheses and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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