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Valls-Lacalle L, Consegal M, Ganse FG, Yáñez-Bisbe L, Pastor J, Ruiz-Meana M, Inserte J, Benito B, Ferreira-González I, Rodríguez-Sinovas A. Long-Term Protective Effects of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibition during Reperfusion with Malonate on Post-Infarction Left Ventricular Scar and Remodeling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4366. [PMID: 38673951 PMCID: PMC11050251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition with malonate during initial reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size in both isolated mouse hearts subjected to global ischemia and in in situ pig hearts subjected to transient coronary ligature. However, the long-term effects of acute malonate treatment are unknown. Here, we investigated whether the protective effects of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition extend to a reduction in scar size and adverse left ventricular remodeling 28 days after myocardial infarction. Initially, ten wild-type mice were subjected to 45 min of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, followed by 24 h of reperfusion, and were infused during the first 15 min of reperfusion with saline with or without disodium malonate (10 mg/kg/min, 120 μL/kg/min). Malonate-treated mice depicted a significant reduction in infarct size (15.47 ± 3.40% of area at risk vs. 29.34 ± 4.44% in control animals, p < 0.05), assessed using triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Additional animals were then subjected to a 45 min LAD ligature, followed by 28 days of reperfusion. Treatment with a single dose of malonate during the first 15 min of reperfusion induced a significant reduction in scar area, measured using Picrosirius Red staining (11.94 ± 1.70% of left ventricular area (n = 5) vs. 23.25 ± 2.67% (n = 9), p < 0.05), an effect associated with improved ejection fraction 28 days after infarction, as determined using echocardiography, and an attenuated enhancement in expression of the pro-inflammatory and fibrotic markers NF-κB and Smad2/3 in remote myocardium. In conclusion, a reversible inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase with a single dose of malonate at the onset of reperfusion has long-term protective effects in mice subjected to transient coronary occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valls-Lacalle
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Consegal
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Freddy G. Ganse
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Yáñez-Bisbe
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pastor
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ferreira-González
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.-L.); (M.C.); (F.G.G.); (L.Y.-B.); (J.P.); (M.R.-M.); (J.I.); (B.B.); (I.F.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Hu N, Sun M, Lv N, Gao Y, Fu X, Xing D, Guo X, Zhai S, Zhang R. ROS-Suppression Nanoplatform Combined Activation of STAT3/Bcl-2 Pathway for Preventing Myocardial Infarction in Mice. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:12188-12201. [PMID: 38288981 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The most effective way to treat myocardial infarction is to rescue ischemic cardiomyocytes. After an ischemic event, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key driver of myocardial injury. The produced ROS affects mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. This was accomplished by constructing platelet-membrane-encapsulated ROS-responsive drug-releasing nanoparticles (PMN@NIC-MalNPs) to deliver malonate and niclosamide (NIC). The results revealed that PMN@NIC-MalNPs degraded and released malonate and niclosamide in a high-level ROS microenvironment, effectively reducing the oxidative stress and apoptosis rate. By enhancing basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and spare respiratory capacity (SRC) in vitro, reduced the oxidative stress levels and restored mitochondrial function. In vivo studies revealed that the PMN@NIC-MalNPs improved cardiac dysfunction, inhibited succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, increased ATP production, and reduced the myocardial infarct size in myocardial infarction model mice. Further, transcriptome analysis and Western blot revealed that PMN@NIC-MalNPs prevented apoptosis by activating the expressions of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Bcl-2, and inhibiting the expression of Bax. Thus, this study provides a novel therapeutic solution for treating myocardial infarction and predicting the viability of an antioxidant and antiapoptotic therapeutic solution in the treatment of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Cardiology Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaohong Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dayi Xing
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shaodong Zhai
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Radiology Department of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Cui H, Zhu B, Li H, Meng Y, Cai M, Wang H, Yuan M, Zhong X, Wang B, Shan H, Zhe Miao M, Chai K, Zheng J, Zhang L, Liu Y. Malonate differentially affects cell survival and confers chemoresistance in cancer cells via the induction of p53-dependent autophagy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115950. [PMID: 38043718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic network intertwines with cancerous signaling and drug responses. Malonate is a prevailing metabolite in cancer and a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Recent studies showed that malonate induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells, but protected cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury. We here revealed that malonate differentially regulated cell death and survival in cancer cells. While high-dose malonate triggered ROS-dependent apoptosis, the low-dose malonate induced autophagy and conferred resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Mechanistically, our results showed that malonate increased p53 stability and transcriptionally up-regulated autophagy modulator DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator), thus promoting autophagy. We further proved that autophagy is required for malonate-associated chemoresistance. Collectively, our findings suggest that malonate plays a double-edge function in cancer response to stressors, and highlights a pro-cancer impact of p53-induced autophagy in response to malonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Cai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjian Shan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michael Zhe Miao
- Curriculum in Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keli Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Martínez-Moro Á, González-Brusi L, Querejeta-Fernández A, Padilla-Ruiz E, García-Blanco J, Bermejo-Álvarez P. Metabolomics analysis of human cumulus cells obtained from cumulus-oocyte complexes with different developmental potential. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2187-2195. [PMID: 37697661 PMCID: PMC10628504 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the abundance of certain biochemical compounds in human cumulus cells (CCs) related to oocyte quality? SUMMARY ANSWER Malonate, 5-oxyproline, and erythronate were positively associated with pregnancy potential. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY CCs are removed and discarded prior to ICSI, thereby constituting an interesting biological material on which to perform molecular analysis aimed to predict oocyte developmental competence. Mitochondrial DNA content and transcriptional analyses in CC have been shown to provide a poor predictive value of oocyte competence, but the untargeted analysis of biochemical compounds (metabolomics) has been unexplored. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION CCs were obtained from three groups of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) of known developmental potential: oocytes not developing to blastocyst following ICSI (Bl-); oocytes developing to blastocyst but failing to establish pregnancy following embryo transfer (P-); and oocytes developing to blastocyst able to establish a pregnancy (P+). Metabolomics analyses were performed on 12 samples per group, each sample comprising the CC recovered from a single COC. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human CC samples were obtained from IVF treatments. Only unfrozen oocytes and embryos not submitted to preimplantation genetic testing were included in the analysis. Metabolomics analysis was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The analysis identified 98 compounds, five of which were differentially abundant (P < 0.05) between groups: asparagine, proline, and malonate were less abundant in P- compared to Bl-, malonate and 5-oxoproline were less abundant in P- group compared to P+, and erythronate was less abundant in Bl- group compared to P+. No significant association between the abundance of the compounds identified and donor age or BMI was noted. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Data dispersion and the lack of coherence between developmental groups preclude the direct use of metabolic markers in clinical practice, where the uterine environment plays a major role in pregnancy outcome. The abundance of other compounds not detected by the analysis may be associated with oocyte competence. As donors were lean (only two with BMI > 30 kg/m2) and young (<34 years old), a possible effect of obesity or advanced age on the CC metabolome could not be determined. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The abundance of malonate, 5-oxyproline, and erythronate in CC was significantly higher in COCs ultimately establishing pregnancy, providing clues on the pathways required for oocyte competence. The untargeted analysis uncovered the presence of compounds that were not expected in CC, such as β-citrylglutamate and the neurotransmitter N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, which may play roles in chromatin remodeling and signaling, respectively. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Research was supported by the Industrial Doctorate Project IND2017/BIO-7748 funded by Madrid Region Government. The authors declare no competing interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martínez-Moro
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- IVF Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Querejeta-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Oki S, Kageyama S, Morioka Y, Namba T. Malonate induces the browning of white adipose tissue in high-fat diet induced obesity model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:200-206. [PMID: 37657239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of various diseases, and many studies have examined prevention and treatment strategies. Browning of white adipocytes promotes triglyceride (TG) metabolism and is the new focus for treating obesity. This study investigated the role of malonate-a modulator of mitochondrial function-in adipocyte browning, and its potential as a therapeutic agent in obesity. Our findings revealed that malonate increased oxygen consumption without inhibiting ATP synthesis. Malonate induced expression of PRDM16-an important transcription factor for browning-and uncoupling protein 1 (beige adipocyte marker), suggesting that malonate induces browning in white adipocytes. In an obesity mouse model induced by a high-fat diet, malonate significantly reduced body weight and white adipose tissue weight, as well as improved insulin resistance. Importantly, malonate stimulated browning in white adipose tissue and maintained the mass of brown adipose tissue in the high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. We propose that manipulation of mitochondrial function by malonate is a promising therapeutic approach for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Oki
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan; Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Sou Kageyama
- Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Morioka
- Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Takushi Namba
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan; Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
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6
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Vah L, Medved T, Grošelj U, Klemenčič M, Podlipnik Č, Štefane B, Wagger J, Novinec M, Svete J. Regioselective Synthesis of 5- and 3-Hydroxy- N-Aryl-1 H-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylates and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase. Molecules 2022; 27:4764. [PMID: 35897941 PMCID: PMC9332393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In silico evaluation of various regioisomeric 5- and 3-hydroxy-substituted alkyl 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates and their acyclic precursors yielded promising results with respect to their binding in the active site of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum (PfDHODH). Consequently, four ethyl 1-aryl-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates and their 3-hydroxy regioisomers were prepared by two-step syntheses via enaminone-type reagents or key intermediates. The synthesis of 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazoles was carried out using the literature protocol comprising acid-catalyzed transamination of diethyl [(dimethylamino)methylene]malonate with arylhydrazines followed by base-catalyzed cyclization of the intermediate hydrazones. For the synthesis of isomeric methyl 1-aryl-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates, a novel two-step synthesis was developed. It comprises acylation of hydrazines with methyl malonyl chloride followed by cyclization of the hydrazines with tert-butoxy-bis(dimethylamino)methane. Testing the pyrazole derivatives for the inhibition of PfDHODH showed that 1-(naphthalene-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate and 1-(naphthalene-2-yl)-, 1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-, and 1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates (~30% inhibition) were slightly more potent than a known inhibitor, diethyl α-{[(1H-indazol-5-yl)amino]methylidene}malonate (19% inhibition).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marko Novinec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.V.); (T.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (Č.P.); (B.Š.); (J.W.)
| | - Jurij Svete
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.V.); (T.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (Č.P.); (B.Š.); (J.W.)
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7
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Prag HA, Pala L, Kula-Alwar D, Mulvey JF, Luping D, Beach TE, Booty LM, Hall AR, Logan A, Sauchanka V, Caldwell ST, Robb EL, James AM, Xu Z, Saeb-Parsy K, Hartley RC, Murphy MP, Krieg T. Ester Prodrugs of Malonate with Enhanced Intracellular Delivery Protect Against Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Vivo. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:1-13. [PMID: 32648168 PMCID: PMC8770414 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue initiates the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with heart attack. During ischemia, succinate accumulates and its oxidation upon reperfusion by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) drives ROS production. Inhibition of succinate accumulation and/or oxidation by dimethyl malonate (DMM), a cell permeable prodrug of the SDH inhibitor malonate, can decrease I/R injury. However, DMM is hydrolysed slowly, requiring administration to the heart prior to ischemia, precluding its administration to patients at the point of reperfusion, for example at the same time as unblocking a coronary artery following a heart attack. To accelerate malonate delivery, here we developed more rapidly hydrolysable malonate esters. METHODS We synthesised a series of malonate esters and assessed their uptake and hydrolysis by isolated mitochondria, C2C12 cells and in mice in vivo. In addition, we assessed protection against cardiac I/R injury by the esters using an in vivo mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS We found that the diacetoxymethyl malonate diester (MAM) most rapidly delivered large amounts of malonate to cells in vivo. Furthermore, MAM could inhibit mitochondrial ROS production from succinate oxidation and was protective against I/R injury in vivo when added at reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS The rapidly hydrolysed malonate prodrug MAM can protect against cardiac I/R injury in a clinically relevant mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Pala
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Du Luping
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Timothy E Beach
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lee M Booty
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Volha Sauchanka
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Ellen L Robb
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Zhang Z, Lu Z, Liu C, Man J, Li X, Cui K, Lu H, Wang J. Protective effects of Dimethyl malonate on neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1161-1169. [PMID: 34334775 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After ischemic stroke, microglia will be activated and play a key role in neuroinflammation and the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and activated microglia could polarize into pro-inflammation M1 phenotype and anti-inflammation M2 phenotype. Dimethyl malonate (DMM) could reduce reactive oxygen species and we speculate DMM could regulate microglia to protect ischemic brain. METHODS We used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model to simulate ischemic stroke and adult male C57BL/6 mice were used in our study. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure infarct volume. Evans Blue and Brain water content were used to evaluate the destruction of BBB. We used a five-point scale to assess the neurologic function of mice. Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to measure microglia, pericytes and the expression of related proteins. RESULTS DMM reduced cerebral infarct volume, Evans blue leakage, brain water content and improved neurologic deficits after tMCAO. The number of activated microglia and M1 microglia were decreased and the number of M2 microglia and pericytes were increased after DMM treatment. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced while protein levels of IL-10 and ZO-1 were increased through DMM treatment. CONCLUSIONS DMM could regulate activation and polarization of microglia to inhibit neuroinflammation and protect BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Zhengfang Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Jiang Man
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | | | - Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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9
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Kuriiwa F, Kobayashi M, Mizukami H, Hara S. Mitochondrial toxins potentiate hydroxyl radical production in rat striatum during carbon monoxide poisoning. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:29-32. [PMID: 33858652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) production in the rat striatum during carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, which inhibits complex IV, was enhanced synergistically by malonate, a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor, but not N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium or NaCN, complex I and IV inhibitors, respectively. No such enhancement appeared in the case of NaCN combined with malonate. Intrastriatal dopamine, which is involved in •OH production by malonate, did not synergistically enhance CO-induced •OH production. Diphenyleneiodonium, a nonselective NADPH oxidase inhibitor, partly suppressed the potentiation of CO-induced •OH production by malonate. Impairment of mitochondrial functions might potentiate oxidative stress and intensify CO toxicity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Kuriiwa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masamune Kobayashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizukami
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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Peng T, Wonganan O, Zhang Z, Yu J, Xi R, Cao Y, Suksamrarn A, Zhang G, Wang F. A 2-Benzylmalonate Derivative as STAT3 Inhibitor Suppresses Tumor Growth in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Upregulating β-TrCP E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073354. [PMID: 33805945 PMCID: PMC8036434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) restrains type I interferon (IFN) α/β-induced antiviral responses and is associated with the development of cancer. Designing specific STAT3 inhibitors will thus provide new options for use as IFN therapy. Herein, we identified a novel small molecule, dimethyl 2-(4-(2-(methyl(phenyl(p-tolyl)methyl)amino)ethoxy)benzyl)malonate (CIB-6), which can inhibit the IFN-α-induced interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) luciferase reporter (IC50 value = 6.4 μM) and potentiate the antiproliferative effect of IFN-α in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. CIB-6 was found to bind to the STAT3 Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, thereby selectively inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation without affecting Janus kinases and STAT1/2. CIB-6 also inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Mechanistically, CIB-6 reduced the expression of β-catenin (an EMT key protein) via upregulating β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and curbed nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation through restricting the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) via STAT3 inhibition. Treatment with CIB-6 significantly retarded tumor growth in nude mice with SK-HEP-1 xenografts. In addition, clinical sample analysis revealed that lower β-TrCP and higher β-catenin expression could affect the median survival time of HCC patients. Our findings suggest that CIB-6 could be a new therapeutic strategy for HCC therapy through STAT3-mediated β-TrCP/β-catenin/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (T.P.); (O.W.); (J.Y.); (R.X.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Orawan Wonganan
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (T.P.); (O.W.); (J.Y.); (R.X.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jialing Yu
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (T.P.); (O.W.); (J.Y.); (R.X.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiying Xi
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (T.P.); (O.W.); (J.Y.); (R.X.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (T.P.); (O.W.); (J.Y.); (R.X.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand;
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (T.P.); (O.W.); (J.Y.); (R.X.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-28-82890333 (G.Z.); +86-28-82890651 (F.W.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (T.P.); (O.W.); (J.Y.); (R.X.); (Y.C.)
- Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hebei 071700, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-28-82890333 (G.Z.); +86-28-82890651 (F.W.)
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes undergo a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which results in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production that induces DNA damage. These cellular changes contribute to cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit and loss of the capacity for cardiac regeneration. The mechanisms that regulate this metabolic switch and the increase in reactive oxygen species production have been relatively unexplored. Current evidence suggests that elevated reactive oxygen species production in ischemic tissues occurs as a result of accumulation of the mitochondrial metabolite succinate during ischemia via succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and this succinate is rapidly oxidized at reperfusion. Mutations in SDH in familial cancer syndromes have been demonstrated to promote a metabolic shift into glycolytic metabolism, suggesting a potential role for SDH in regulating cellular metabolism. Whether succinate and SDH regulate cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and the cardiac metabolic state remains unclear. METHODS Here, we investigated the role of succinate and SDH inhibition in regulation of postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and heart regeneration. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that injection of succinate into neonatal mice results in inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration. Our evidence also shows that inhibition of SDH by malonate treatment after birth extends the window of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration in juvenile mice. Remarkably, extending malonate treatment to the adult mouse heart after myocardial infarction injury results in a robust regenerative response within 4 weeks after injury via promoting adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and revascularization. Our metabolite analysis after SDH inhibition by malonate induces dynamic changes in adult cardiac metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of SDH by malonate promotes adult cardiomyocyte proliferation, revascularization, and heart regeneration via metabolic reprogramming. These findings support a potentially important new therapeutic approach for human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Rebecca J Salamon
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Emma B Brandt
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Wyatt G Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Emily C Britt
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI (E.C.B, J.F.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (E.C.B, J.F.)
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center (T.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI (E.C.B, J.F.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (E.C.B, J.F.)
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
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12
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Matsumoto Y, Nakashima T, Cho O, Ohkubo T, Kato J, Sugita T. Pyruvate-triggered TCA cycle regulation in Staphylococcus aureus promotes tolerance to betamethasone valerate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:318-321. [PMID: 32475641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a resident skin bacterium involved in the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. Here we report that S. aureus regulates the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via the production of pyruvate for tolerance to betamethasone valerate (BV), an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The addition of BV or clobetasol propionate to the medium among 5 different anti-inflammatory steroids delayed the growth of S. aureus. Comprehensive gene expression analysis by RNA-seq revealed that BV increased the expression of genes related to glycolysis in S. aureus. Pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, suppressed the S. aureus growth inhibition by BV. The addition of oxaloacetate, a compound in the TCA cycle biosynthesized from pyruvate, was also suppressed the inhibitory effect of BV. Malonate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle, increased the inhibitory effect of BV on the growth of S. aureus. These findings suggest that S. aureus promotes tolerance to BV, an anti-inflammatory steroid, by regulating the TCA cycle via the production of pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Takumi Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Otomi Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ohkubo
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kato
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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Alexander RK, Liou YH, Knudsen NH, Starost KA, Xu C, Hyde AL, Liu S, Jacobi D, Liao NS, Lee CH. Bmal1 integrates mitochondrial metabolism and macrophage activation. eLife 2020; 9:e54090. [PMID: 32396064 PMCID: PMC7259948 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways and inflammatory processes are under circadian regulation. Rhythmic immune cell recruitment is known to impact infection outcomes, but whether the circadian clock modulates immunometabolism remains unclear. We find that the molecular clock Bmal1 is induced by inflammatory stimulants, including Ifn-γ/lipopolysaccharide (M1) and tumor-conditioned medium, to maintain mitochondrial metabolism under metabolically stressed conditions in mouse macrophages. Upon M1 stimulation, myeloid-specific Bmal1 knockout (M-BKO) renders macrophages unable to sustain mitochondrial function, enhancing succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-mediated mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species as well as Hif-1α-dependent metabolic reprogramming and inflammatory damage. In tumor-associated macrophages, aberrant Hif-1α activation and metabolic dysregulation by M-BKO contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Consequently, M-BKO increases melanoma tumor burden, whereas administering the SDH inhibitor dimethyl malonate suppresses tumor growth. Therefore, Bmal1 functions as a metabolic checkpoint that integrates macrophage mitochondrial metabolism, redox homeostasis and effector functions. This Bmal1-Hif-1α regulatory loop may provide therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory diseases and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Alexander
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Yae-Huei Liou
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Nelson H Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Kyle A Starost
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Chuanrui Xu
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Alexander L Hyde
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Sihao Liu
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - David Jacobi
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Nan-Shih Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia SinicaTaiwaneseChina
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
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14
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Wang X, Qin X, Hao Z, Luo H, Yao B, Su X. Degradation of Four Major Mycotoxins by Eight Manganese Peroxidases in Presence of a Dicarboxylic Acid. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E566. [PMID: 31569657 PMCID: PMC6833064 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic treatment is an attractive method for mycotoxin detoxification, which ideally prefers the use of one or a few enzymes. However, this is challenged by the diverse structures and co-contamination of multiple mycotoxins in food and feed. Lignin-degrading fungi have been discovered to detoxify organics including mycotoxins. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is a major enzyme responsible for lignin oxidative depolymerization in such fungi. Here, we demonstrate that eight MnPs from different lignocellulose-degrading fungi (five from Irpex lacteus, one from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, one from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, and another from Nematoloma frowardii) could all degrade four major mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, AFB1; zearalenone, ZEN; deoxynivalenol, DON; fumonisin B1, FB1) only in the presence of a dicarboxylic acid malonate, in which free radicals play an important role. The I. lacteus and C. subvermispora MnPs behaved similarly in mycotoxins transformation, outperforming the P. chrysosporium and N. frowardii MnPs. The large evolutionary diversity of these MnPs suggests that mycotoxin degradation tends to be a common feature shared by MnPs. MnP can, therefore, serve as a candidate enzyme for the degradation of multiple mycotoxins in food and feed if careful surveillance of the residual toxicity of degradation products is properly carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xing Qin
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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15
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Li QB, Liao M, Liu Q, Feng T, Xu ZY, Rui CH, Liu SZ. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Novel 1,3,5-Trimethylpyrazole-Containing Malonamide Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030562. [PMID: 30717498 PMCID: PMC6385117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New 1,3,5-trimethylpyrazole-containing malonamide derivatives based on pyflubumide were designed, synthesized, and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS). The results of preliminary bioassays showed that the target compounds possessed good activities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Plutella xylostella, and Aphis craccivora. Most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to good acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at a concentration of 400 µg/mL, and some showed moderate activity at a concentration of 200 µg/mL; in particular, compounds 8m and 8p exhibited 70.0% mortality. In addition, some of the target compounds exhibited good insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella at a concentration of 200 µg/mL, especially compounds 8i and 8o, which achieved 100.0% mortality at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Interestingly, some of the target compounds exhibited potent anti-aphid activity against Aphis craccivora at a concentration of 200 µg/mL; furthermore, compounds 8p and 8q demonstrated 100.0% anti-aphid activity at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. The preliminary analyses of the structure–activity relationships (SAR) indicated that the acaricidal and insecticidal activities varied significantly depending on the type of substituent and substitution pattern, which provides guidance for the further investigation of such structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Bo Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tong Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chang-Hui Rui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shang-Zhong Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Wang M, Lau LI, Sreekumar PG, Spee C, Hinton DR, Sadda SR, Kannan R. Characterization and Regulation of Carrier Proteins of Mitochondrial Glutathione Uptake in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:500-516. [PMID: 30707752 PMCID: PMC6360990 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize two mitochondrial membrane transporters 2-oxoglutarate (OGC) and dicarboxylate (DIC) in human RPE (hRPE) and to elucidate their role in the regulation of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) uptake and cell death in oxidative stress. Methods The localization of OGC and DIC proteins in confluent hRPE, polarized hRPE monolayers and mouse retina was assessed by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. Time- and dose-dependent expression of the two carriers were determined after treatment of hRPE with H2O2, phenyl succinate (PS), and butyl malonate (BM), respectively, for 24 hours. The effect of inhibition of OGC and DIC on apoptosis (TUNEL), mGSH, and mtDNA was determined. Silencing of OGC by siRNA knockdown on RPE cell death was studied. Kinetics of caspase 3/7 activation with OGC and DIC inhibitors and effect of cotreatment with glutathione monoethyl ester (GSH-MEE) was determined using the IncuCyte live cell imaging. Results OGC and DIC are expressed in hRPE mitochondria and exhibited a time- and dose-dependent decrease with stress. Pharmacologic inhibition caused a decrease in OGC and DIC in mitochondria without changes in mtDNA and resulted in increased apoptosis and mGSH depletion. GSH-MEE prevented apoptosis through restoration of mGSH. OGC siRNA exacerbated apoptotic cell death in stressed RPE which was inhibited by increased mGSH from GSH-MEE cotreatment. Conclusions Characterization and mechanism of action of two carrier proteins of mGSH uptake in RPE are reported. Regulation of OGC and DIC will be of value in devising therapeutic strategies for retinal disorders such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lin-Ing Lau
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Parameswaran G Sreekumar
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Christine Spee
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Srinivas R Sadda
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ram Kannan
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
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17
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Sadaf A, Kumari A, Khare SK. Potential of ionic liquids for inhibiting the growth and β-lactamase production by Bacillus cereus EMB20. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1915-1921. [PMID: 29030198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Present work reports the inhibition of Bacillus cereus EMB20 β-lactamase by a deep eutectic solvent, maline in an uncompetitive manner. Far-UV CD and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a disrupted secondary as well as tertiary structure as a function of maline concentration. The effect of individual components of maline on β-lactamase inhibition showed that malonic acid was mainly responsible for inhibiting the β-lactamase. Structural and docking studies found that malonic acid led to major perturbations in the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme while H-bonding with the active site residues. Further the antibacterial and cytotoxic studies also confirmed the potential of maline as a potent growth inhibitor of β-lactamase producing B. cereus EMB20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sadaf
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Arti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Khare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
The biological activities of fullerene derivatives have attracted much attention in the last decade. In this paper, effects of dimalonic acid C60 (DMA C60) on cytoplasmic membrane, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and mitochondrial membrane in HeLa cells were studied by using laser scanning confocal microscopy together with fluorescent probes propidium iodide (PI), fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester (fluo-3 AM), and tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM). The data showed that under laser irradiation produced by a Kr/Ar laser source with a low power less than 1 mW, DMA C60 might induce damages against both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Prior to leakage of cytoplasmic membrane, a transient increase in [Ca2+]i occurred due to influx of calcium from the culture medium. These data provided some novel clues to explain the mechanisms involved in the photo-induced cytotoxicity of fullerene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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19
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Mills EL, Kelly B, Logan A, Costa ASH, Varma M, Bryant CE, Tourlomousis P, Däbritz JHM, Gottlieb E, Latorre I, Corr SC, McManus G, Ryan D, Jacobs HT, Szibor M, Xavier RJ, Braun T, Frezza C, Murphy MP, O'Neill LA. Succinate Dehydrogenase Supports Metabolic Repurposing of Mitochondria to Drive Inflammatory Macrophages. Cell 2016; 167:457-470.e13. [PMID: 27667687 PMCID: PMC5863951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1255] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activated macrophages undergo metabolic reprogramming, which drives their pro-inflammatory phenotype, but the mechanistic basis for this remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, macrophages shift from producing ATP by oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis while also increasing succinate levels. We show that increased mitochondrial oxidation of succinate via succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and an elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential combine to drive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RNA sequencing reveals that this combination induces a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile, while an inhibitor of succinate oxidation, dimethyl malonate (DMM), promotes an anti-inflammatory outcome. Blocking ROS production with rotenone by uncoupling mitochondria or by expressing the alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibits this inflammatory phenotype, with AOX protecting mice from LPS lethality. The metabolic alterations that occur upon activation of macrophages therefore repurpose mitochondria from ATP synthesis to ROS production in order to promote a pro-inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna L Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Beth Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Mukund Varma
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB23 8AQ, UK
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB23 8AQ, UK
| | - J Henry M Däbritz
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Isabel Latorre
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute for Preventative Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dylan Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Institute of Biotechnology, 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Marten Szibor
- Institute of Biotechnology, 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland; Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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20
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Zhuang Y, Chen W, Yao F, Huang Y, Zhou S, Li H, Zhang Z, Cai C, Gao Y, Peng Q. Short-Term Pretreatment of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Gentamycin Inhibits the Swarming Motility of Escherichia Coli by Down-Regulating the Succinate Dehydrogenase Gene. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:1307-16. [PMID: 27606686 DOI: 10.1159/000447835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Motility is a feature of many pathogens that contributes to the migration and dispersion of the infectious agent. Whether gentamycin has a post-antibiotic effect (PAE) on the swarming and swimming motility of Escherichia coli (E. coli) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine whether short-term pretreatment of sub-inhibitory concentrations of gentamycin alter motility of E. coli and the mechanisms involved therein. METHODS After exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations (0.8 μg/ml) of gentamicin, the swarming and swimming motility of E. coli was tested in semi-solid media. Real-time PCR was used to detect the gene expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The production of SDH and fumarate by E. coli pretreated with or without gentamycin was measured. Fumarate was added to swarming agar to determine whether fumarate could restore the swarming motility of E. coli. RESULTS After pretreatment of E. coli with sub-inhibitory concentrations of gentamycin, swarming motility was repressed in the absence of growth inhibition. The expression of all four subunits of SDH was down-regulated, and the intracellular concentration of SDH and fumarate, produced by E. coli, were both decreased. Supplementary fumarate could restore the swarming motility inhibited by gentamycin. A selective inhibitor of SDH (propanedioic acid) could strongly repress the swarming motility. CONCLUSION Sub-inhibitory concentrations of gentamycin inhibits the swarming motility of E. coli. This effect is mediated by a reduction in cellular fumarate caused by down-regulation of SDH. Gentamycin may be advantageous for treatment of E. coli infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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21
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Mera Y, Kawai T, Ogawa N, Odani N, Sasase T, Miyajima K, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ameliorates lipid metabolism and attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animal models. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:169-76. [PMID: 26598005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
JTT-130 was developed as an intestine-specific MTP inhibitor designed to rapidly catabolize after absorption to avoid causing hepatotoxicity due to hepatic MTP inhibition. In previous reports, we have demonstrated that JTT-130 suppresses dietary lipid absorption in the small intestine without inducing hepatic steatosis. Thus, in this report, JTT-130 was administered to hyperlipidemic animals fed a Western diet to investigate the effect of intestinal MTP inhibition on lipid metabolism and progression of atherosclerosis. JTT-130 potently lowered plasma non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and elevated plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), indicating improvement in atherogenic index in hamsters. HDL fractions obtained after two weeks treatment with JTT-130 significantly increased the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages, as an index parameter of HDL function. Furthermore, long-term treatment with JTT-130 also improved the plasma lipid profile without inducing hepatic steatosis in rabbits, resulting in the suppression of atherosclerosis formation in aortas. From these results, JTT-130 ameliorates lipid metabolism accompanied with the enhancement of the anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL, and attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animals. These findings indicate that intestinal MTP inhibition may be atherogenic in vivo and that JTT-130 may be a useful compound for the treatment of dyslipidemia and a potential anti-atherogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoto Ogawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoya Odani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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22
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Boylston JA, Sun J, Chen Y, Gucek M, Sack MN, Murphy E. Characterization of the cardiac succinylome and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 88:73-81. [PMID: 26388266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Succinylation refers to modification of lysine residues with succinyl groups donated by succinyl-CoA. Sirtuin5 (Sirt5) is a mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent deacylase that catalyzes the removal of succinyl groups from proteins. Sirt5 and protein succinylation are conserved across species, suggesting functional importance of the modification. Sirt5 loss impacts liver metabolism but the role of succinylation in the heart has not been explored. We combined affinity enrichment with proteomics and mass spectrometry to analyze total succinylated lysine content of mitochondria isolated from WT and Sirt5(-/-) mouse hearts. We identified 887 succinylated lysine residues in 184 proteins. 44 peptides (5 proteins) occurred uniquely in WT samples, 289 (46 proteins) in Sirt5(-/-) samples, and 554 (133 proteins) were common to both groups. The 46 unique proteins in Sirt5(-/-) heart participate in metabolic processes such as fatty acid β-oxidation (Eci2) and branched chain amino acid catabolism, and include respiratory chain proteins (Ndufa7, 12, 13, Dhsa). We performed label-free analysis of the peptides common to WT and Sirt5(-/-) hearts. 16 peptides from 9 proteins were significantly increased in Sirt5(-/-) by at least 30%. The adenine nucleotide transporter 1 showed the highest increase in succinylation in Sirt5(-/-) (108.4 fold). The data indicate that succinylation is widespread in the heart and enriched in metabolic pathways. We examined whether the loss of Sirt5 would impact ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and we found an increase in infarct size in Sirt5(-/-) hearts compared to WT littermates (68.5(+)/-1.1% Sirt5(-/-) vs 39.6(+)/(-) 6.8% WT) following 20min of ischemia and 90-min reperfusion. We further demonstrate that I/R injury in Sirt5(-/-) heart is restored to WT levels by pretreatment with dimethyl malonate, a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), implicating alteration in SDH activity as causative of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junhui Sun
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Proteomics Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Proteomics Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael N Sack
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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23
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Ritter L, Kleemann D, Hickmann FH, Amaral AU, Sitta Â, Wajner M, Ribeiro CAJ. Disturbance of energy and redox homeostasis and reduction of Na+,K+-ATPase activity provoked by in vivo intracerebral administration of ethylmalonic acid to young rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:759-67. [PMID: 25583115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethylmalonic acid (EMA) accumulation occurs in various metabolic diseases with neurological manifestation, including short acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) and ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE). Since pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for brain damage in these disorders are still poorly understood, we investigated the ex vivo effects of acute intrastriatal administration of EMA on important parameters of energy and redox homeostasis in striatum from young rats. We evaluated CO(2) production from glucose, glucose utilization and lactate production, as well as the activities of the citric acid cycle (CAC) enzymes, the electron transfer chain (ETC) complexes II-IV (oxidative phosphorylation, OXPHOS) and synaptic Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. We also tested the effect of EMA on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (marker of lipid oxidation) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. EMA significantly reduced CO(2) production, increased glucose utilization and lactate production, and reduced the activities of citrate synthase and of complexes II and II-III of the ETC, suggesting an impairment of CAC and OXPHOS. EMA injection also reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and GSH concentrations, whereas MDA levels were increased. Furthermore, EMA-induced diminution of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and reduction of GSH levels were prevented, respectively, by the antioxidants melatonin and N-acetylcysteine, indicating that reactive species were involved in these effects. Considering the importance of CAC and ETC for energy production and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase for the maintenance of the cell membrane potential, the present data indicate that EMA compromises mitochondrial homeostasis and neurotransmission in striatum. We presume that these pathomechanisms may be involved to a certain extent in the neurological damage found in patients affected by SCADD and EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ritter
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Kleemann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hermes Hickmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Sitta
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - César Augusto João Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Vecellio M, Spallotta F, Nanni S, Colussi C, Cencioni C, Derlet A, Bassetti B, Tilenni M, Carena MC, Farsetti A, Sbardella G, Castellano S, Mai A, Martelli F, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Rossini A, Dimmeler S, Zeiher A, Gaetano C. The histone acetylase activator pentadecylidenemalonate 1b rescues proliferation and differentiation in the human cardiac mesenchymal cells of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 2014; 63:2132-47. [PMID: 24458358 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the diabetes-associated alterations present in cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMSC) obtained from normoglycemic (ND-CMSC) and type 2 diabetic patients (D-CMSC), identifying the histone acetylase (HAT) activator pentadecylidenemalonate 1b (SPV106) as a potential pharmacological intervention to restore cellular function. D-CMSC were characterized by a reduced proliferation rate, diminished phosphorylation at histone H3 serine 10 (H3S10P), decreased differentiation potential, and premature cellular senescence. A global histone code profiling of D-CMSC revealed that acetylation on histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9Ac) and lysine 14 (H3K14Ac) was decreased, whereas the trimethylation of H3K9Ac and lysine 27 significantly increased. These observations were paralleled by a downregulation of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) p300/CBP-associated factor and its isoform 5-α general control of amino acid synthesis (GCN5a), determining a relative decrease in total HAT activity. DNA CpG island hypermethylation was detected at promoters of genes involved in cell growth control and genomic stability. Remarkably, treatment with the GNAT proactivator SPV106 restored normal levels of H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac, reduced DNA CpG hypermethylation, and recovered D-CMSC proliferation and differentiation. These results suggest that epigenetic interventions may reverse alterations in human CMSC obtained from diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vecellio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, ItalyDivision of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, ItalyDivision of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simona Nanni
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Derlet
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beatrice Bassetti
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Tilenni
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Carena
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, ItalyDivision of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Donato, Laboratorio di Cardiologia Molecolare, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Zeiher
- Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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26
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Akopova OV, Nosar' VI, Kolchinskaia LI, Man'kovskaia IN, Malysheva MK, Sagach VF. [Estimation of ATP-dependent K(+)-channel contribution to potential-dependent potassium uptake in the rat brain mitochondria]. Ukr Biochem J 2014; 86:21-8. [PMID: 24834715 DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of potassium on state 4 respiration (substrate oxidation in the absence of ADP) was investigated. It was shown that potential-dependent potassium uptake in the brain mitochondria results in mitochondrial depolarization. Taking into account depolarization effect of potassium, the contribution of the endogenous proton leak as well as K(+)-uptake to the respiration rate was calculated. It was shown that such estimation allows the share of ATP-dependent potassium channel contribution to potential-dependent potassium uptake to be determined by polarographic method.
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Mera Y, Hata T, Ishii Y, Tomimoto D, Kawai T, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, reduces food preference for fat. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:583752. [PMID: 24959597 PMCID: PMC4052484 DOI: 10.1155/2014/583752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is involved in the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. JTT-130 is a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, which has been shown to be useful in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. JTT-130 has also been shown to suppress food intake in a dietary fat-dependent manner in rats. However, whether JTT-130 enables changes in food preference and nutrient consumption remains to be determined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of JTT-130 on food preference in rat under free access to two different diets containing 3.3% fat (low-fat diet, LF diet) and 35% fat (high-fat diet, HF diet). JTT-130 decreased HF diet intake and increased LF diet intake, resulting in a change in ratio of caloric intake from LF and HF diets to total caloric intake. In addition, macronutrient analysis revealed that JTT-130 did not affect carbohydrate consumption but significantly decreased fat consumption (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that JTT-130 not only inhibits fat absorption, but also suppresses food intake and specifically reduces food preference for fat. Therefore, JTT-130 is expected to provide a new option for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Mera
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Yasuko Mera:
| | - Takahiro Hata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishii
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomimoto
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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Abstract
We previously found that inhibition of the TCA cycle, either through mutations or chemical inhibition, increased toxT transcription in Vibrio cholerae. In this study, we found that the addition of malonate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), decreased toxT transcription in V. cholerae, an observation inconsistent with the previous pattern observed. Unlike another SDH inhibitor, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), which increased toxT transcription and slightly inhibited V. cholerae growth, malonate inhibited toxT transcription in both the wild-type strain and TCA cycle mutants, suggesting malonate-mediated inhibition of virulence gene expression is independent to TCA cycle activity. Addition of malonate also inhibited ctxB and tcpA expressions but did not affect aphA, aphB, tcpP and toxR expressions. Malonate inhibited cholera toxin (CT) production in both V. cholerae classical biotype strains O395N1 and CA401, and El Tor biotype strain, N16961. Consistent with previous reports, we confirmed that these strains of V. cholerae did not utilize malonate as a primary carbon source. However, we found that the addition of malonate to the growth medium stimulated V. cholerae growth. All together, these results suggest that metabolizing malonate as a nutrient source negatively affects virulence gene expression in V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Minato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sara R. Fassio
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Claudia C. Häse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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Mitra T, Sailakshmi G, Gnanamani A, Mandal AB. Preparation and characterization of malonic acid cross-linked chitosan and collagen 3D scaffolds: an approach on non-covalent interactions. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23:1309-1321. [PMID: 22367159 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study emphasizes the influence of non-covalent interactions on the mechanical and thermal properties of the scaffolds of chitosan/collagen origin. Malonic acid (MA), a bifuncitonal diacid was chosen to offer non-covalent cross-linking. Three dimensional scaffolds was prepared using chitosan at 1.0% (w/v) and MA at 0.2% (w/v), similarly collagen 0.5% (w/v) and MA 0.2% (w/v) and characterized. Results on FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM and mechanical properties (tensile strength, stiffness, Young's modulus, etc.) assessment demonstrated the existence of non-covalent interaction between MA and chitosan/collagen, which offered flexibility and high strength to the scaffolds suitable for tissue engineering research. Studies using NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells suggested biocompatibility nature of the scaffolds. Docking simulation study further supports the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between MA and chitosan/collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Mitra
- Microbiology Division, Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR, New Delhi), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
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Du X, Zhang SE, Liu JZ, Nie FL, Ye F, Tian JY, Xiao ZY. [Design, synthesis and evaluation of malonic acid-based PTP1B inhibitors]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2012; 47:367-373. [PMID: 22645761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) is the substrate for PTP1B dephosphorylation. Malonic acid moiety was used herein as a mimic of the phosphate group in pTyr, and novel malonic acid derivatives 1-7 were designed, synthesized and evaluated as PTP1B inhibitors. Results from enzymatic assays indicated that compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent inhibition against human recombinant PTP1B with IC50 values of 7.66 and 1.88 micromol x L(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Amaral AU, Cecatto C, Busanello ENB, Ribeiro CAJ, Melo DR, Leipnitz G, Castilho RF, Wajner M. Ethylmalonic acid impairs brain mitochondrial succinate and malate transport. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:84-90. [PMID: 22133302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of ethylmalonic acid (EMA) occur in ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) and short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD). Although these autosomal recessive disorders are clinically characterized by neurological abnormalities, the mechanisms underlying the brain damage are poorly known. Considering that little is known about the neurotoxicity of EMA and that hyperlacticacidemia occurs in EE and SCADD, we evaluated the effects of this metabolite on important parameters of oxidative metabolism in isolated rat brain mitochondria. EMA inhibited either ADP-stimulated or uncoupled mitochondrial respiration supported by succinate and malate, but not by glutamate plus malate. In addition, EMA mildly stimulated oxygen consumption by succinate-respiring mitochondria in resting state. Methylmalonic acid (MMA), malonic acid (MA) and butylmalonic acid (BtMA) had a similar effect on ADP-stimulated or uncoupled respiration. Furthermore, EMA-, MMA- and BtMA-induced inhibitory effects on succinate oxidation were significantly minimized by nonselective permeabilization of the mitochondrial membranes by alamethicin, whereas MA inhibitory effect was not altered. In addition, MA was the only tested compound that reduced succinate dehydrogenase activity. We also observed that EMA markedly inhibited succinate and malate transport through the mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier. Mitochondrial membrane potential was also reduced by EMA and MA, but not by MMA, using succinate as electron donor, whereas none of these compounds was able to alter the membrane potential using glutamate plus malate as electron donors. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that EMA impairs succinate and malate uptake through the mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Hata T, Mera Y, Kawai T, Ishii Y, Kuroki Y, Kakimoto K, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:629-38. [PMID: 21362121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) takes part in the mobilization of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. We investigated the effects of JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, on impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. METHODS Male ZDF rats were fed a regular powdered diet with or without JTT-130 as a food admixture (0.01-0.02%) for 6 weeks. Food intake, body weight, blood biochemical parameters, fecal lipid contents, hepatic lipid contents, tissue mRNA levels and glucose utilization in adipose tissues were assessed. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and histological analysis of the pancreas were performed. RESULTS JTT-130 treatment decreased food intake, glycated hemoglobin, plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and hepatic mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. JTT-130 treatment increased fecal levels of free fatty acids and cholesterol, plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, mRNA levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissues and GLUT4 in muscle and glucose utilization in adipose tissues. Plasma insulin decreased after 2 weeks and increased after 4 weeks of JTT-130 treatment. Plasma glucose in the JTT-130-treated rats was lower with higher plasma insulin than in the control rats during the IPGTT. The islets of the JTT-130-treated rats were larger and contained more insulin than those of the control rats. CONCLUSIONS JTT-130 ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in the ZDF rats thereby suggesting that JTT-130 could be useful for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hata
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, Osaka, Japan.
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Hata T, Mera Y, Tadaki H, Kuroki Y, Kawai T, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, suppresses high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:446-54. [PMID: 21255216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) takes part in the mobilization and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. We investigated the effects of JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, on high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 3.1% fat diet or a 35% fat diet with or without JTT-130 as a food admixture (0.029%). Food intake, body weight, abdominal fat, hepatic triglyceride, faecal free fatty acids and plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) were assessed. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin were measured during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. In addition, indirect calorimetry was performed on rats fed with a 35% fat diet. RESULTS JTT-130 treatment decreased body weights, abdominal fat and hepatic triglyceride with suppression of food intake and elevation of faecal free fatty acids and plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels in rats fed with the 35% fat diet, whereas no significant effects on these parameters except for increased faecal free fatty acids were observed in rats fed with the 3.1% fat diet. JTT-130 treatment decreased plasma levels of glucose and insulin during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests on rats fed with the 35% fat diet, but not on rats fed with the 3.1% fat diet. JTT-130-treated rats showed increased O(2) consumption and CO(2) production on a 35% fat diet. CONCLUSIONS JTT-130 suppresses high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance with suppression of food intake and fat absorption and could be useful for prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hata
- Japan Tobacco, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Osaka.
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Huypens P, Pillai R, Sheinin T, Schaefer S, Huang M, Odegaard ML, Ronnebaum SM, Wettig SD, Joseph JW. The dicarboxylate carrier plays a role in mitochondrial malate transport and in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2011; 54:135-45. [PMID: 20949348 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously described a strong correlation between pyruvate cycling and insulin secretion. We have also demonstrated a particularly important role for a pyruvate-isocitrate cycling pathway involving the mitochondrial citrate/isocitrate carrier (CIC) and cytosolic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. CIC requires cytosolic malate as a counter-substrate during citrate and isocitrate export. Thus, considering that the mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) provides an important source of cytosolic malate, we investigated the potential role of DIC in control of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). METHODS We used pharmacological and small interfering RNA (siRNA) tools to assess the role of DIC in insulin release in clonal insulin-secreting 832/13 cells and isolated rat islets. RESULTS Butylmalonate, an inhibitor of malate transport, reduced cytosolic malate and citrate levels, and inhibited GSIS in a dose-dependent manner in 832/13 cells. Suppression of DIC expression resulted in inhibition of GSIS by 5% to 69%, the extent of inhibition of insulin secretion being proportional to the level of Dic (also known as Slc25a10) gene knockdown. The most effective siRNA duplex against Dic did not affect glucose utilisation, glucose oxidation or ATP/ADP ratio, but did suppress glucose-induced increments of the NADPH/NADP(+) ratio. Confirmation of our results in primary cultures of isolated rat islets showed that butylmalonate and an adenovirus expressing an siRNA against Dic-inhibited GSIS. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Malate transport by DIC may play an important role in GSIS, possibly by providing cytosolic malate as a counter-substrate for citrate and/or isocitrate export by CIC. These studies also suggest that malate transport by DIC is (1) a critical component of NADPH production mediated by pyruvate-cycling and (2) regulates GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Huypens
- University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON, Canada
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Higa A, Mori Y, Kitamura Y. Iron deficiency induces changes in riboflavin secretion and the mitochondrial electron transport chain in hairy roots of Hyoscyamus albus. J Plant Physiol 2010; 167:870-8. [PMID: 20181408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots secrete riboflavin under Fe-deficient conditions. To determine whether this secretion was linked to an enhancement of respiration, both riboflavin secretion and the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), as a measure of respiration activity, were determined in hairy roots cultured under Fe-deficient and Fe-replete conditions, with or without aeration. Appreciable TTC-reducing activity was detected at the root tips, at the bases of lateral roots and in internal tissues, notably the vascular system. TTC-reducing activity increased under Fe deficiency and this increase occurred in concert with riboflavin secretion and was more apparent under aeration. Riboflavin secretion was not apparent under Fe-replete conditions. In order to examine which elements of the mitochondrial electron transport chain might be involved, the effects of the respiratory inhibitors, barbiturate, dicoumarol, malonic acid, antimycin, KCN and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) were investigated. Under Fe-deficient conditions, malonic acid affected neither root growth, TTC-reducing activity nor riboflavin secretion, whereas barbiturate and SHAM inhibited only root growth and TTC-reducing activity, respectively, and the other compounds variously inhibited growth and TTC-reducing activity. Riboflavin secretion was decreased, in concert with TTC-reducing activity, by dicoumarol, antimycin and KCN, but not by SHAM. In Fe-replete roots, all inhibitors which reduced riboflavin secretion in Fe-deficient roots showed somewhat different effects: notably, antimycin and KCN did not significantly inhibit TTC-reducing activity and the inhibition by dicoumarol was much weaker in Fe-replete roots. Combined treatment with KCN and SHAM also revealed that Fe-deficient and Fe-replete roots reduced TTC in different ways. A decrease in the Fe content of mitochondria in Fe-deficient roots was confirmed. Overall, the results suggest that, under conditions of Fe deficiency in H. albus hairy roots, the alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases, complex III and complex IV, but not the alternative oxidase, are actively involved both in respiration and in riboflavin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataru Higa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Tancevski I, Demetz E, Eller P, Duwensee K, Hoefer J, Heim C, Stanzl U, Wehinger A, Auer K, Karer R, Huber J, Schgoer W, Van Eck M, Vanhoutte J, Fievet C, Stellaard F, Rudling M, Patsch JR, Ritsch A. The liver-selective thyromimetic T-0681 influences reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis development in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8722. [PMID: 20090943 PMCID: PMC2806908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver-selective thyromimetics have been reported to efficiently reduce plasma cholesterol through the hepatic induction of both, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor; the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Here, we investigated the effect of the thyromimetic T-0681 on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and atherosclerosis, and studied the underlying mechanisms using different mouse models, including mice lacking LDLr, SR-BI, and apoE, as well as CETP transgenic mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS T-0681 treatment promoted bile acid production and biliary sterol secretion consistently in the majority of the studied mouse models, which was associated with a marked reduction of plasma cholesterol. Using an assay of macrophage RCT in mice, we found T-0681 to significantly increase fecal excretion of macrophage-derived neutral and acidic sterols. No positive effect on RCT was found in CETP transgenic mice, most likely due to the observed decrease in plasma CETP mass. Studies in SR-BI KO and LDLr KO mice suggested hepatic LDLr to be necessary for the action of T-0681 on lipid metabolism, as the compound did not have any influence on plasma cholesterol levels in mice lacking this receptor. Finally, prolonged treatment with T-0681 reduced the development of atherosclerosis by 60% in apoE KOs on Western type diet. In contrast, at an earlier time-point T-0681 slightly increased small fatty streak lesions, in part due to an impaired macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity, when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present results show that liver-selective thyromimetics can promote RCT and that such compounds may protect from atherosclerosis partly through induction of bile acid metabolism and biliary sterol secretion. On-going clinical trials will show whether selective thyromimetics do prevent atherosclerosis also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Tancevski I, Eller P, Patsch JR, Ritsch A. The resurgence of thyromimetics as lipid-modifying agents. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 10:912-918. [PMID: 19705333 PMCID: PMC2993058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aggressive reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels by treatment with statins is a key component of preventive cardiovascular care; however, additional therapies to prevent atherosclerosis and the associated clinical sequelae are still needed. Thyromimetic compounds selective for the liver or for the thyroid hormone receptor isoform beta1 constitute a novel approach for the treatment of dyslipidemia. In preclinical studies, selective thyromimetics significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels and provided protection from atherosclerosis by upregulating the hepatic LDL receptor and promoting reverse cholesterol transport. Importantly, data from ongoing clinical trials have provided the first evidence that selective thyromimetics may also reduce the levels of plasma cholesterol in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tancevski
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Internal Medicine, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Abstract
Functional fullerene derivatives have been demonstrated with potent antioxidation properties. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that plays a part in leading to brain damage when it is accumulated to a high concentration. The possible scavenging activity of NO by the hydroxylated fullerene derivative C60(OH)22 and malonic acid derivative C60(C(COOH)2)2 was investigated using primary rat brain cerebral microvessel endothelial cells (CMECs). Results demonstrate that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), used as an NO donor, caused a marked decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. However, fullerene derivatives can remarkably protect against the apoptosis induced by NO assault. In addition, fullerene derivatives can also prevent NO-induced depolymerization of cytoskeleton and damage of the nucleus and accelerate endothelial cell repair. Further investigation shows that the sudden increase of the intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by NO was significantly attenuated by post-treatment with fullerene derivatives. Our results suggest that functional fullerene derivatives are potential applications for NO-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Samoĭlov VO, Bigdaĭ EV, Rudenko IN, Bekusova VV, Dudich BA. [Two molecular motility systems of the frog olfactory cilia]. Biofizika 2008; 53:993-999. [PMID: 19137683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The motility of olfactory cilia of frog (Rana temporaria) was studied by vital video microscopy under an exposure to odorants: pentanol, camphor, cineole, vanillin (first group), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide (second group) as well as inhibitors of cell respiration (rotenone and malonate). It was shown that olfactory cilia have both a dynein-tubulin and an actin-myosin molecular motility system. The first molecular motility system provides unordered movements and the second, ordered movements. Motility ordering occurs under the exposure to odorants. The effects of odorants of different groups on mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and olfactory cilia motility are different.
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Sechi M, Azzena U, Delussu MP, Dallocchio R, Dessì A, Cosseddu A, Pala N, Neamati N. Design and synthesis of bis-amide and hydrazide-containing derivatives of malonic acid as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Molecules 2008; 13:2442-61. [PMID: 18830166 PMCID: PMC6245433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an attractive and validated target for the development of novel therapeutics against AIDS. In the search for new IN inhibitors, we designed and synthesized three series of bis-amide and hydrazide-containing derivatives of malonic acid. We performed a docking study to investigate the potential interactions of the title compounds with essential amino acids on the IN active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mails: (M-P. D.); (N. P.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: (M. S.); (N. N.); Tel.: +39 079228 753 (M. S.); Tel.: +1 323-442-2341 (N. N.); Fax: +39 079 228 720 (M. S.); Fax: +1 323-442-1390 (N. N.)
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mail:
| | - Maria Paola Delussu
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mails: (M-P. D.); (N. P.)
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Sassari, 07040 Li Punti, Italy; E-mails: (R. D.); (A. D.)
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Sassari, 07040 Li Punti, Italy; E-mails: (R. D.); (A. D.)
| | - Alessia Cosseddu
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; E-mail:
| | - Nicolino Pala
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mails: (M-P. D.); (N. P.)
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 304, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: (M. S.); (N. N.); Tel.: +39 079228 753 (M. S.); Tel.: +1 323-442-2341 (N. N.); Fax: +39 079 228 720 (M. S.); Fax: +1 323-442-1390 (N. N.)
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Pizzuto R, Paventi G, Chieppa G, Atlante A, Passarella S. Is there a pyruvate kinase in pig liver mitochondria? Ital J Biochem 2007; 56:270-274. [PMID: 19192625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to ascertain whether mammalian mitochondria possess their own pyruvate kinase, we isolated mitochondria from liver of Large White pig and investigated pyruvate kinase occurrence both via immunological analysis and by assaying photometrically the pyruvate kinase reaction. We show that mitochondria contain pyruvate kinase located in the inner compartments; the pyruvate kinase reaction shows hyperbolic dependence on the substrate concentration, is inhibited by malonate and shows maximum activity at pH between 7-7.6 and Ea equal to 33 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pizzuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Salute, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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Panee J, Liu W, Nakamura K, Berry MJ. The responses of HT22 cells to the blockade of mitochondrial complexes and potential protective effect of selenium supplementation. Int J Biol Sci 2007; 3:335-41. [PMID: 17657281 PMCID: PMC1925139 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) – generating sites in mammalian cells. Blockade of complexes in the electron transport chain (ETC) increases the leakage of single electrons to O2 and therefore increases ROS levels. Complexes I and III have been reported to be the major ROS-generating sites in mitochondria. In this study, using mouse hippocampal HT22 cells as in vitro model, we monitored the change of intracellular ROS level in response to the blockade of ETC at different complex, and measured changes of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and phase II enzymes, also evaluated potential protective effect of selenium (Se) supplementation to the cells under this oxidative stress. In summary, our results showed that complex I was the major ROS-generating site in HT22 cells. Complex I blockade upregulated the mRNA levels of glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy and light chains, glutathione-S-transferases omega1 and alpha 2, hemoxygenase 1, thioredoxin reductase 1, and selenoprotein H. Unexpectedly, the expression of the enzymes that directly scavenge ROS decreased, including superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, glutathione peroxidase 1, and catalase. Se supplementation increased glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating a potential protective role in oxidative stress caused by ETC blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Panee
- 1. Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, John A Burns Medical School, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96813, USA
| | - Wanyu Liu
- 1. Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, John A Burns Medical School, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96813, USA
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- 2. School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Marla J. Berry
- 1. Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, John A Burns Medical School, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96813, USA
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Schurr A, Payne RS. Lactate, not pyruvate, is neuronal aerobic glycolysis end product: An in vitro electrophysiological study. Neuroscience 2007; 147:613-9. [PMID: 17560727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
For over 60 years, a distinction has been made between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis based on their respective end products: pyruvate of the former, lactate of the latter. Recently we hypothesized that, in the brain, both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis terminate with the formation of lactate from pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). If this hypothesis is correct, lactate must be the mitochondrial substrate for oxidative energy metabolism via its oxidation to pyruvate, plausibly by a mitochondrial LDH. Here we employed electrophysiology of the rat hippocampal slice preparation to test and monitor the effects of malonate and oxamate, two different LDH inhibitors, and glutamate, a neuronal activator, in experiments, the results of which support the hypothesis that lactate, at least in this in vitro setting, is indeed the principal end product of neuronal aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schurr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Chu GH, Gu M, Cassel JA, Belanger S, Graczyk TM, DeHaven RN, Conway-James N, Koblish M, Little PJ, DeHaven-Hudkins DL, Dolle RE. Novel malonamide derivatives as potent κ opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1951-5. [PMID: 17307360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of malonamide derivatives was synthesized. These amides were shown to be potent and selective kappa opioid receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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46
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Flipo M, Beghyn T, Leroux V, Florent I, Deprez BP, Deprez-Poulain RF. Novel Selective Inhibitors of the Zinc Plasmodial Aminopeptidase PfA-M1 as Potential Antimalarial Agents. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1322-34. [PMID: 17326615 DOI: 10.1021/jm061169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteases that are expressed during the erythocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum are newly explored drug targets for the treatment of malaria. We report here the discovery of potent inhibitors of PfA-M1, a metallo-aminopeptidase of the parasite. These compounds are based on a malonic hydroxamic template and present a very good selectivity toward neutral aminopeptidase (APN-CD13), a related protease in mammals. Structure-activity relationships in these series are described. Further optimization of the best inhibitor yielded a nanomolar, selective inhibitor of PfA-M1. This inhibitor displays good physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and a promising antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Flipo
- Inserm, U761, Biostructures and Drug Discovery, Lille F-59006 France
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Kokubun T, Shiu WKP, Gibbons S. Inhibitory activities of lichen-derived compounds against methicillin- and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Planta Med 2007; 73:176-9. [PMID: 17415880 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of selected phenolic lichen substances were tested against a panel of methicillin- and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Depsidones with long alkyl chains on both of the aromatic rings were consistently active against the strains tested, comparable to or better than the level of clinically used antibacterial drugs. A similar level of activity was also observed for rhizocarpic acid. The previously described cytotoxic pentacyclic compound hybocarpone was by far the most active, exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4-8 microg/mL (8.13-16.3 microM) against a range of multidrug efflux pump expressing strains of S. aureus.
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48
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Polygalova OO, Bufetov EN, Ponomareva AA. [Wheat root cells functioning under inhibition of I and II complexes of mitochondrial respiratory chain]. Tsitologiia 2007; 49:664-670. [PMID: 17926562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A joint effect of rotenone and malonate on the intensity of respiration, output of K+ and ultrastructure of wheat root cells treated for 6 h was studied. The addition of malonate to rotenone containing solution, in which wheat roots had been incubated for an hour, caused further decrease in respiration intensity and K+ output into external medium. Many mitochondria acquired torus shape in 2h after malonate addition. The increase in respiratory intensity and re-entry of K+ from the incubation medium into the cells were observed during following hours of incubation. We assume that reparation and adaptation processes took place in this case. The observed contacts of endoplasmic reticulum lumens with mitochondria are indicative of possible synthesis of an enzyme able to metabolize malonate to acetyl-CoA and CO2. We propose that torus shape of mitochondria is due to the increase in their outer surfaces, that, in turn, is a result of activation of external NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase. These findings may be evidence of possible adaptation of the root cells to the joint effect of the inhibitors.
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49
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Gomez-Lazaro M, Galindo MF, Melero-Fernandez de Mera RM, Fernandez-Gómez FJ, Concannon CG, Segura MF, Comella JX, Prehn JHM, Jordan J. Reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activate Bax to induce mitochondrial cytochrome c release and apoptosis in response to malonate. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 71:736-43. [PMID: 17172466 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malonate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II, is a widely used toxin to study neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease and ischemic stroke. We have shown previously that malonate increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, leading to oxidative stress, cytochrome c release, and apoptotic cell death. Expression of a green fluorescent protein-Bax fusion protein in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells demonstrated a Bax redistribution from the cytosol to mitochondria after 12 to 24 h of malonate treatment that coincided with mitochondrial potential collapse and chromatin condensation. Inhibition of Bax translocation using furosemide, as well as Bax gene deletion, afforded significant protection against malonate-induced apoptosis. Further experiments revealed that malonate induced a prominent increase in the level of activated p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and that treatment with the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SKF86002 potently blocked malonate-induced Bax translocation and apoptosis. Treatment with vitamin E diminished ROS production, reduced the activation status of p38 MAP kinase, inhibited Bax translocation, and protected against malonate-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that malonate-induced ROS production and subsequent p38 MAP kinase activation mediates the activation of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein to induce mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gomez-Lazaro
- Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
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50
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Fang SH, Padmavathi V, Rao YK, Venkata Subbaiah DRC, Thriveni P, Geethangili M, Padmaja A, Tzeng YM. Biological evaluation of sulfone derivatives as anti-inflammatory and tumor cells growth inhibitory agents. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1699-705. [PMID: 16979124 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A variety of sulfone derivatives including three dimethyl arylsulfonyl malonates (1-3), two bis-(arylethenesulfonyl)-vinyl benzenes (4 and 5) and a sulfone triazole (6) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory as well as tumor cells growth inhibitory activities in vitro. The sulfone derivatives 1, 2, 3 and 6 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma activated murine peritoneal macrophages, without displaying cytotoxicity. The inhibitory mechanism is found through reducing iNOS protein expression. In addition, the derivatives 1-3 significantly arrest mitogen-stimulated spleen cells in G0/G1 stage, whereas compounds 4-6 blocked the same in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the sulfone derivatives 3 and 6 showed dramatically reduction in the ratio of IFN-gamma to IL-4 production from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. On the other hand, the novel compounds exhibited interesting cytotoxic activities against a panel of cell lines, particularly, 20 muM of compound 3 showed 50% cytotoxic effect on human hepatoma cell line, but has no effect on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, compound 3 showed interesting anti-inflammatory and tumor cells growth inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hua Fang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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