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Sutta A, Leemans NN, Ploug M, Rosbjerg A, Del Agua Villa C, Pérez-Alós L, Cyranka L, Vincek AS, de Garay T, Rivera K, Bayarri-Olmos R. CL-11 circulates in serum as functionally distinct isoforms. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23543. [PMID: 38466278 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301765r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Collectin-11 (CL-11) is a pattern recognition molecule of the lectin pathway capable of interacting with collectin-10 (CL-10) and the MASPs to activate the complement cascade. Alternative splicing of the COLEC11 gene gives rise to two different isoforms found in serum (A and D). These isoforms vary in the length of their collagen-like region, which is involved in the stabilization of the trimeric subunit and the interaction with the MASPs. Here we aim at elucidating the biological differences of naturally occurring CL-11 isoforms A and D. We produced recombinant CL-11 as independent isoforms (CL-11A and CL-11D) and together with CL-10 (CL-10/11A, CL-10/11D). Both CL-11 isoforms associated with CL-10, but CL-11D did so to a lesser extent. CL-10/11 heterocomplexes were composed of trimeric subunits of CL-10 and CL-11, as opposed to CL-10 and CL-11 homotrimers. Heterocomplexes were more stable and migrated with higher apparent molecular weights. Immunoprecipitation of serum CL-11 and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that native CL-11 circulates in the form of CL-10/11 heterocomplexes that associate with MASP-1, and MASP-3, but not necessarily MASP-2. Despite a shorter collagen region, CL-11D was capable to bind to the MASPs, suggesting that the missing exon 4 is not required for MASP association CL-11D had a reduced ligand binding compared to full-length CL-11A. Based on its reduced ability to oligomerize, form CL-10/11 heterocomplexes, and bind to ligands, we hypothesize that CL-11D may have a limited complement activation potential compared to full-length CL-11A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sutta
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nelia Nina Leemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Del Agua Villa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon Cyranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam S Vincek
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Keith Rivera
- Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Massri M, Toonen EJ, Sarg B, Kremser L, Grasse M, Fleischer V, Torres-Quesada O, Hengst L, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Rosbjerg A, Garred P, Orth-Höller D, Prohászka Z, Würzner R. Complement C7 and clusterin form a complex in circulation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330095. [PMID: 38333209 PMCID: PMC10850381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The complement system is part of innate immunity and is comprised of an intricate network of proteins that are vital for host defense and host homeostasis. A distinct mechanism by which complement defends against invading pathogens is through the membrane attack complex (MAC), a lytic structure that forms on target surfaces. The MAC is made up of several complement components, and one indispensable component of the MAC is C7. The role of C7 in MAC assembly is well documented, however, inherent characteristics of C7 are yet to be investigated. Methods To shed light on the molecular characteristics of C7, we examined the properties of serum-purified C7 acquired using polyclonal and novel monoclonal antibodies. The properties of serum‑purified C7 were investigated through a series of proteolytic analyses, encompassing Western blot and mass spectrometry. The nature of C7 protein-protein interactions were further examined by a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as size‑exclusion chromatography. Results Protein analyses showcased an association between C7 and clusterin, an inhibitory complement regulator. The distinct association between C7 and clusterin was also demonstrated in serum-purified clusterin. Further assessment revealed that a complex between C7 and clusterin (C7-CLU) was detected. The C7-CLU complex was also identified in healthy serum and plasma donors, highlighting the presence of the complex in circulation. Discussion Clusterin is known to dissociate the MAC structure by binding to polymerized C9, nevertheless, here we show clusterin binding to the native form of a terminal complement protein in vivo. The presented data reveal that C7 exhibits characteristics beyond that of MAC assembly, instigating further investigation of the effector role that the C7-CLU complex plays in the complement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Massri
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Bettina Sarg
- Institute of Medical Biochemsitry, Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Institute of Medical Biochemsitry, Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Grasse
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Fleischer
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludger Hengst
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Immunology & Microbiology , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MB-LAB Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Ammitzbøll C, Thomsen MK, Andersen JB, Jensen JMB, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P, Hermansen MLF, Johannsen AD, Larsen ML, Mistegaard CE, Mikkelsen S, Nielsen L, Olesen R, Pérez-Alós L, Vils SR, Szabados F, Søgaard OS, Tolstrup M, Erikstrup C, Hauge EM, Troldborg A. Revaccination of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis without an initial COVID-19 vaccine response elicits seroconversion in half of the patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2024; 42:157-165. [PMID: 37877429 DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/orpp04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of COVID-19 mRNA revaccination (two doses) on the antibody response in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) who were initial vaccine non-responders. Further, to examine if B-cell levels or T-cell responses before revaccination predicted seroconversion. METHODS From a RD cohort vaccinated with the standard two-dose COVID-19 vaccinations, we enrolled cases without detectable antibody responses (n=17) and controls with detectable antibody response (n=29). Blood donors (n=32) were included as additional controls. Samples were collected before and six weeks after completed revaccination. Total antibodies and specific IgG, IgA, and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies, and SARS-CoV-2 reacting CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were measured before and after revaccination. B-cells (CD19+CD45+) were quantified before revaccination. RESULTS Forty-seven percent of cases had detectable neutralising antibodies after revaccination. However, antibody levels were significantly lower than in controls and blood donors. Revaccination induced an antibody class switch in cases with a decrease in IgM and increase in IgG. No significant difference was observed in T-cell responses before and after revaccination between the three groups. Only 29% of cases had measurable B-cells compared to 100% of controls and blood donors. Fifty percent of revaccinated cases who seroconverted had measurable B-cells before revaccination. CONCLUSIONS Forty-seven percent of initial non-responders seroconverted after two-dose revaccination but still had lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with controls and blood donors. RD patients without a detectable serological response after the initial COVID-19 mRNA vaccine had a T-cell response similar to immunocompetent controls and blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ammitzbøll
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Marianne Kragh Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Magnus Bernth Jensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Department of Clinical Immunology section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Department of Clinical Immunology section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mads Lamm Larsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Elbæk Mistegaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lena Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Department of Clinical Immunology section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Risbøl Vils
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Troldborg
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Petersen MS, Pérez-Alós L, í Kongsstovu SK, Eliasen EH, Hansen CB, Larsen S, Hansen JL, Bayarri-Olmos R, Fjallsbak JP, Weihe P, Garred P. Diverging humoral and cellular immune responses due to Omicron-a national study from the Faroe Islands. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0086523. [PMID: 37909772 PMCID: PMC10714973 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00865-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The immunity following infection and vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is poorly understood. We investigated immunity assessed with antibody and T-cell responses under different scenarios in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with and without Omicron infection. We found that the humoral response was higher among vaccinated-naïve than unvaccinated convalescent. Unvaccinated with and without infection had comparable low humoral responses, whereas vaccinated with a second or third dose, independent of infection status, had increasingly higher levels. Only a minor fraction of unvaccinated individuals had detectable humoral responses following Omicron infection, while almost all had positive T-cell responses. In conclusion, primary Omicron infection mounts a low humoral immune response, enhanced by prior vaccination. Omicron infection induced a robust T-cell response in both unvaccinated and vaccinated, demonstrating that immune evasion of primary Omicron infection affects humoral immunity more than T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eina Hansen Eliasen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sólrun Larsen
- Chief Medical Officer Office, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cyranka L, Mariegaard I, Skjødt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Mollnes TE, Garred P, Rosbjerg A. Functional Analysis of a Novel Complement C5a Receptor 1-Blocking Monoclonal Antibody. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:836-849. [PMID: 37952515 PMCID: PMC10691831 DOI: 10.1159/000535084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complement system anaphylatoxin C5a is a critical player in inflammation. By binding to complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1/CD88), C5a regulates many cellular functions, mainly as a potent pro-inflammatory inducer. We describe the generation and selection of a potent antagonistic C5aR1 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb). METHODS Initial C5aR1 hybridoma clone selection was performed with a cell-binding study in human whole blood. In-house C5aR1 mAb assessment for C5aR1 inhibition was done via the iLite® C5a assay. C5aR1 mAb specificity was investigated on C5aR1his- and C5aR2his-expressing Flp-In™-CHO cells. Physiological C5aR1 inhibition was assessed via a C5a-driven calcium flux assay and stimulation assay based on isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and a whole blood model stimulated with Escherichia coli. RESULTS The supernatant of hybridoma clones targeting the N-terminal section of C5aR1 displayed efficient binding to C5aR1 in whole blood, which was confirmed for purified mAbs. The C5aR1 mAb 18-41-6 was selected following the assay of in-house C5aR1 mAbs via the iLite® C5a assay. The mAb 18-41-6 was specific for C5aR1. Full-size and/or F(ab')2 preparations of mAb 18-41-6 were found to efficiently abrogate C5a-induced calcium flux in neutrophils and to significantly reduce the upregulation of the activation markers CD11b (neutrophils, monocytes) and CD66b (neutrophils). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that mAb 18-41-6 is a valuable tool for investigating the C5a-C5aR1 axis and a potential therapeutic candidate for inflammatory disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Cyranka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Mariegaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjødt
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Peter Garred
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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González-Del-Barrio L, Pérez-Alós L, Cyranka L, Rosbjerg A, Nagy S, Prohászka Z, Garred P, Bayarri-Olmos R. MAP-2:CD55 chimeric construct effectively modulates complement activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23256. [PMID: 37823685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300571r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a complex, tightly regulated protein cascade involved in pathogen defense and the pathogenesis of several diseases. Thus, the development of complement modulators has risen as a potential treatment for complement-driven inflammatory pathologies. The enzymatically inactive MAP-2 has been reported to inhibit the lectin pathway by competing with its homologous serine protease MASP-2. The membrane-bound complement inhibitor CD55 acts on the C3/C5 convertase level. Here, we fused MAP-2 to the four N-terminal domains of CD55 generating a targeted chimeric inhibitor to modulate complement activation at two different levels of the complement cascade. Its biological properties were compared in vitro with the parent molecules. While MAP-2 and CD55 alone showed a minor inhibition of the three complement pathways when co-incubated with serum (IC50MAP-2+CD55 1-4 = 60.98, 36.10, and 97.01 nM on the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways, respectively), MAP-2:CD551-4 demonstrated a potent inhibitory activity (IC50MAP-2:CD55 1-4 = 2.94, 1.76, and 12.86 nM, respectively). This inhibitory activity was substantially enhanced when pre-complexes were formed with the lectin pathway recognition molecule mannose-binding lectin (IC50MAP-2:CD55 1-4 = 0.14 nM). MAP-2:CD551-4 was also effective at protecting sensitized sheep erythrocytes in a classical hemolytic assay (CH50 = 13.35 nM). Finally, the chimeric inhibitor reduced neutrophil activation in full blood after stimulation with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, as well as phagocytosis of conidia by isolated activated neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that MAP-2:CD551-4 is a potent complement inhibitor reinforcing the idea that engineered fusion proteins are a promising design strategy for identifying and developing drug candidates to treat complement-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia González-Del-Barrio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon Cyranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Simon Nagy
- Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, and MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, and MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Jarlhelt I, Pérez-Alós L, Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen CB, Petersen MS, Weihe P, Armenteros JJA, Madsen JR, Nielsen JPS, Hilsted LM, Iversen KK, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Garred P. Distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses up to 18 months post-infection using nucleocapsid protein and receptor-binding domain antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0179623. [PMID: 37738355 PMCID: PMC10580960 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01796-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of the durability of immunity against COVID-19 is relevant, and longitudinal studies are essential for unraveling the details regarding protective SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. It has become challenging to discriminate between COVID-19 vaccine- and infection-induced immune responses since all approved vaccines in Europe and the USA are based on the viral spike (S) protein, which is also the most commonly used antigen in immunoassays measuring immunoglobulins (Igs) against SARS-CoV-2. We have developed a nucleocapsid (N) protein-based sandwich ELISA for detecting pan anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig with a sensitivity and specificity of 97%. Generalized mixed models were used to determine the degree of long-term humoral immunity against the N protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S protein in a cohort of infected individuals to distinguish between COVID-19 vaccine- and infection-induced immunity. N-specific waning could be observed in individuals who did not experience reinfection, while individuals who experienced reinfection had a new significant increase in N-specific Ig levels. In individuals that seroconverted without a reinfection, 70.1% remained anti-N seropositive after 550 days. The anti-RBD Ig dynamics were unaffected by reinfection but exhibited a clear increase in RBD-specific Ig when vaccination was initiated. In conclusion, a clear difference in the dynamics of the antibody response against N protein and RBD was observed over time. Anti-N protein-specific Igs can be detected up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection allowing long-term discrimination of infectious and vaccine antibody responses.IMPORTANCELongitudinal studies are essential to unravel details regarding the protective antibody responses after COVID-19 infection and vaccination. It has become challenging to distinguish long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination since most approved vaccines are based on the viral spike (S) protein, which is also mostly used in immunoassays measuring immunoglobulins (Igs) against SARS-CoV-2. We have developed a novel nucleocapsid (N) protein-based sandwich ELISA for detecting pan-anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig, exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity. Generalized mixed models were used to determine long-term humoral immunity in a cohort of infected individuals from the Faroe Islands, distinguishing between COVID-19 vaccine- and infection-induced immunity. A clear difference in the dynamics of the antibody response against N protein and S protein was observed over time, and the anti-N protein-specific Igs could be detected up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This enables long-term discrimination between natural infection and vaccine-dependent antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pohl Stangerup Nielsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pérez-Alós L, Hansen CB, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Madsen JR, Heftdal LD, Hasselbalch RB, Pries-Heje MM, Bayarri-Olmos R, Jarlhelt I, Hamm SR, Møller DL, Sørensen E, Ostrowski SR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted LM, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Iversen KK, Garred P. Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5624. [PMID: 37699890 PMCID: PMC10497567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 immune responses has become considerably more complex over time and diverse immune imprinting is observed in vaccinated individuals. Despite vaccination, following the emergence of the Omicron variant, some individuals appear more susceptible to primary infections and reinfections than others, underscoring the need to elucidate how immune responses are influenced by previous infections and vaccination. IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses in 1,325 individuals (955 of which were infection-naive) were investigated before and after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, examining their relation to breakthrough infections and immune imprinting in the context of Omicron. Our study shows that both humoral and cellular responses following vaccination were generally higher after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to infection-naive. Notably, viral exposure before vaccination was crucial to achieving a robust IgA response. Individuals with lower IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody responses postvaccination had a significantly higher risk of reinfection and future Omicron infections. This was not observed for T-cell responses. A primary infection before Omicron and subsequent reinfection with Omicron dampened the humoral and cellular responses compared to a primary Omicron infection, consistent with immune imprinting. These results underscore the significant impact of hybrid immunity for immune responses in general, particularly for IgA responses even after revaccination, and the importance of robust humoral responses in preventing future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Madsen JR, Holm BE, Pérez-Alós L, Bayarri-Olmos R, Rosbjerg A, Fogh K, Pries-Heje MM, Møller DL, Hansen CB, Heftdal LD, Hasselbalch RB, Hamm SR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted L, Nielsen SD, Iversen KK, Bundgaard H, Garred P. Short-Lived Antibody-Mediated Saliva Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after Vaccination. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0494722. [PMID: 36877077 PMCID: PMC10101069 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04947-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the effect of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on immunity reflected in the saliva is sparse. We examined the antibody response in saliva compared to that in serum 2 and 6 months after the first vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine. Four hundred fifty-nine health care professionals were included in a prospective observational study measuring antibody levels in saliva and corresponding serum samples at 2 and 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination. Vaccinated, previously SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals (hybrid immunity) had higher IgG levels in saliva at 2 months than vaccinated, infection-naive individuals (P < 0.001). After 6 months, saliva IgG levels declined in both groups (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups (P = 0.37). Furthermore, serum IgG levels declined from 2 to 6 months in both groups (P < 0.001). IgG antibodies in saliva and serum correlated in individuals with hybrid immunity at 2 and 6 months (ρ = 0.58, P = 0.001, and ρ = 0.53, P = 0.052, respectively). In vaccinated, infection-naive individuals, a correlation was observed at 2 months (ρ = 0.42, P < 0.001) but not after 6 months (ρ = 0.14, P = 0.055). IgA and IgM antibodies were hardly detectable in saliva at any time point, regardless of previous infection. In serum, IgA was detected at 2 months in previously infected individuals. BNT162b2 vaccination induced a detectable IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD response in saliva at both 2 and 6 months after vaccination, being more prominent in previously infected than infection-naive individuals. However, a significant decrease in salivary IgG was observed after 6 months, suggesting a rapid decline in antibody-mediated saliva immunity against SARS-CoV-2, after both infection and systemic vaccination. IMPORTANCE Knowledge about the persistence of salivary immunity after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is limited, and information on this topic could prove important for vaccine strategy and development. We hypothesized that salivary immunity would wane rapidly after vaccination. We measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations in saliva and serum in both previously infected and infection-naive individuals, 2 and 6 months after first vaccination with BNT162b2, in 459 hospital employees from Copenhagen University Hospital. We observed that IgG was the primary salivary antibody 2 months after vaccination in both previously infected and infection-naive individuals, but dropped significantly after 6 months. Neither IgA nor IgM was detectable in saliva at either time point. Findings indicate that salivary immunity against SARS-CoV-2 rapidly declines following vaccination in both previously infected and infection-naive individuals. We believe this study shines a light on the workings of salivary immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could prove relevant for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bettina Eide Holm
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Götz MP, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen CB, Pérez-Alós L, Jarlhelt I, Benfield T, Rosbjerg A, Garred P. Lectin Pathway Enzyme MASP-2 and Downstream Complement Activation in COVID-19. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:122-135. [PMID: 35816998 PMCID: PMC10643890 DOI: 10.1159/000525508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) is the main activator of the lectin complement pathway and has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To study a possible association between MASP-2 and COVID-19, we aimed at developing a sensitive and reliable MASP-2 ELISA. From an array of novel mouse-monoclonal antibodies using recombinant MASP-2 as antigen, two clones were selected to create a sandwich ELISA. Plasma samples were obtained from 216 healthy controls, 347 convalescent COVID-19 patients, and 147 prospectively followed COVID-19 patients. The assay was specific towards MASP-2 and did not recognize the truncated MASP2 splice variant MAP-2 (MAp19). The limit of quantification was shown to be 0.1 ng/mL. MASP-2 concentration was found to be stable after multiple freeze-thaw cycles. In healthy controls, the mean MASP-2 concentration was 524 ng/mL (95% CI: 496.5-551.6). No significant difference was found in the MASP-2 concentrations between COVID-19 convalescent samples and controls. However, a significant increase was observed in prospectively followed COVID-19 patients (mean: 834 ng/mL [95% CI: 765.3-902.7, p < 0.0001]). In these patients, MASP-2 concentration correlated significantly with the concentrations of the terminal complement complex (ρ = 0.3596, p < 0.0001), with the lectin pathway pattern recognition molecules ficolin-2 (ρ = 0.2906, p = 0.0004) and ficolin-3 (ρ = 0.3952, p < 0.0001) and with C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.3292, p = 0.0002). Overall, we developed a specific quantitative MASP-2 sandwich ELISA. MASP-2 correlated with complement activation and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients, underscoring a possible role of MASP-2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Peter Götz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Harboe ZB, Hamm SR, Pérez-Alós L, Sivapalan P, Priemé H, Wilcke T, Kjeldgaard P, Shaker S, Svorre Jordan A, Møller DL, Heftdal LD, Madsen JR, Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen CB, Pries-Heje MM, Hasselbalch RB, Fogh K, Armenteros JJA, Hilsted L, Sørensen E, Lindegaard B, Browatzki A, Biering-Sørensen T, Frikke-Schmidt R, Ostrowski SR, Iversen KK, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Garred P, Jensen JUS. Antibody responses and risk factors associated with impaired immunological outcomes following two doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001268. [PMID: 35793836 PMCID: PMC9260234 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases are poorly characterised. We aimed to describe humoral responses following two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and identify risk factors for impaired responses. Methods Prospective cohort study including adults with chronic pulmonary diseases and healthcare personnel as controls (1:1). Blood was sampled at inclusion, 3 weeks, 2 and 6 months after first vaccination. We reported antibody concentrations as geometric means with 95% CI of receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG and neutralising antibody index of inhibition of ACE-2/RBD interaction (%). A low responder was defined as neutralising index in the lowest quartile (primary outcome) or RBD-IgG <225 AU/mL plus neutralising index <25% (secondary outcome), measured at 2 months. We tested associations using Poisson regression. Results We included 593 patients and 593 controls, 75% of all had neutralising index ≥97% at 2 months. For the primary outcome, 34.7% of patients (n=157/453) and 12.9% of controls (n=46/359) were low responders (p<0.0001). For the secondary outcome, 8.6% of patients (n=39/453) and 1.4% of controls (n=5/359) were low responders (p<0.001). Risk factors associated with low responder included increasing age (per decade, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32), Charlson Comorbidity Index (per point) (aRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.26), use of prednisolone (aRR 2.08, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.77) and other immunosuppressives (aRR 2.21, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.97). Discussion Patients with chronic pulmonary diseases established functional humoral responses to vaccination, however lower than controls. Age, comorbidities and immunosuppression were associated with poor immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitta Barrella Harboe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Priemé
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torgny Wilcke
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Kjeldgaard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saher Shaker
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Svorre Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Browatzki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- PERSIMUNE & CHIP: Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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KELLNEROVÁ S, Stampfer K, Skjødt M, Rosbjerg A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Talasz H, He X, Garred P, Orth-Höller D, Grasse M, Würzner R. POS-002 CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE A SUBUNIT OF SHIGA TOXIN 2a. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Stravalaci M, Pagani I, Paraboschi EM, Pedotti M, Doni A, Scavello F, Mapelli SN, Sironi M, Perucchini C, Varani L, Matkovic M, Cavalli A, Cesana D, Gallina P, Pedemonte N, Capurro V, Clementi N, Mancini N, Invernizzi P, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P, Rappuoli R, Duga S, Bottazzi B, Uguccioni M, Asselta R, Vicenzi E, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:275-286. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Larsen MD, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P, Hviid L. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Activation of the Classical Complement Pathway by Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocyte Surface Antigen-Specific Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:673-678. [PMID: 35881382 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have a wide range of applications, ranging from specific antibody titer determination to quantification of any biological or non-biological substance with a specific binding partner (usually an antibody). The activity of biological cascades, such as the complement cascade of the innate immune system, can also be assessed by ELISA. We present here an assay optimized for the detection of the activation of the classical complement pathway by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Delbo Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Hansen CB, Jarlhelt I, Hasselbalch RB, Hamm SR, Fogh K, Pries-Heje MM, Møller DL, Heftdal LD, Pérez-Alós L, Sørensen E, Larsen MAH, Skjoedt MO, Ostrowski SR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Bayarri-Olmos R, Hilsted LM, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Iversen KK, Garred P. Antibody-dependent neutralizing capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 with and without previous COVID-19 priming. J Intern Med 2021; 290:1272-1274. [PMID: 34237190 PMCID: PMC8447364 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Emergency medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Emergency medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margit Anita Hørup Larsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Emergency medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Bayarri-Olmos R, Johnsen LB, Idorn M, Reinert LS, Rosbjerg A, Vang S, Hansen CB, Helgstrand C, Bjelke JR, Bak-Thomsen T, Paludan SR, Garred P, Skjoedt MO. The alpha/B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant exhibits significantly higher affinity for ACE-2 and requires lower inoculation doses to cause disease in K18-hACE2 mice. eLife 2021; 10:e70002. [PMID: 34821555 PMCID: PMC8635972 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha/B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 lineage emerged in autumn 2020 in the United Kingdom and transmitted rapidly until winter 2021 when it was responsible for most new COVID-19 cases in many European countries. The incidence domination was likely due to a fitness advantage that could be driven by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) residue change (N501Y), which also emerged independently in other variants of concern such as the beta/B.1.351 and gamma/P.1 strains. Here, we present a functional characterization of the alpha/B.1.1.7 variant and show an eightfold affinity increase towards human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). In accordance with this, transgenic hACE2 mice showed a faster disease progression and severity after infection with a low dose of B.1.1.7, compared to an early 2020 SARS-CoV-2 isolate. When challenged with sera from convalescent individuals or anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies, the N501Y variant showed a minor, but significant elevated evasion potential of ACE-2/RBD antibody neutralization. The data suggest that the single asparagine to tyrosine substitution remarkable rise in affinity may be responsible for the higher transmission rate and severity of the B.1.1.7 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Laboratory, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityÅrhusDenmark
| | - Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityÅrhusDenmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Laboratory, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Søren Vang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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17
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Jarlhelt I, Nielsen SK, Jahn CXH, Hansen CB, Pérez-Alós L, Rosbjerg A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Mediate Complement and Cellular Driven Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767981. [PMID: 34804055 PMCID: PMC8596567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to constitute a serious public health threat worldwide. Protective antibody-mediated viral neutralization in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been firmly characterized. Where the effects of the antibody response are generally considered to be beneficial, an important biological question regarding potential negative outcomes of a SARS-CoV-2 antibody response has yet to be answered. We determined the distribution of IgG subclasses and complement activation levels in plasma from convalescent individuals using in-house developed ELISAs. The IgG response towards SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) after natural infection appeared to be mainly driven by IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, which are the main ligands for C1q mediated classical complement pathway activation. The deposition of the complement components C4b, C3bc, and TCC as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies were depending primarily on the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and significantly correlated with both IgG levels and disease severity, indicating that individuals with high levels of IgG and/or severe disease, might have a more prominent complement activation during viral infection. Finally, freshly isolated monocytes and a monocyte cell line (THP-1) were used to address the cellular mediated inflammatory response as a consequence of Fc-gamma receptor engagement by SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. Monocytic Fc gamma receptor charging resulted in a significant rise in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies might drive significant inflammatory responses through the classical complement pathway and via cellular immune-complex activation that could have negative consequences during COVID-19 disease. We found that increased classical complement activation was highly associated to COVID-19 disease severity. The combination of antibody-mediated complement activation and subsequent cellular priming could constitute a significant risk of exacerbating COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sif Kaas Nielsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Xenia Holtermann Jahn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Recombinant Protein and Antibody Laboratory, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Recombinant Protein and Antibody Laboratory, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Bayarri-Olmos R, Johnsen LB, Rosbjerg A, Helgstrand C, Bak-Thomsen T, Garred P, Skjoedt MO. Reply to Lassaunière: On the functional characterization of the Y453F RBD variant found in cluster 5 SARS-CoV-2. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101241. [PMID: 34735911 PMCID: PMC8569550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Garred
- Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Bayarri-Olmos R, Jarlhelt I, Johnsen LB, Hansen CB, Helgstrand C, Rose Bjelke J, Matthiesen F, Nielsen SD, Iversen KK, Ostrowski SR, Bundgaard H, Frikke-Schmidt R, Garred P, Skjoedt MO. Functional Effects of Receptor-Binding Domain Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and P.1 Variants. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757197. [PMID: 34691078 PMCID: PMC8529273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification and rise to dominance of the P.1 and B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variants have brought international concern because they may confer fitness advantages. The same three positions in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) are affected in both variants, but where the 417 substitution differs, the E484K/N501Y have co-evolved by convergent evolution. Here we characterize the functional and immune evasive consequences of the P.1 and B.1.351 RBD mutations. E484K and N501Y result in gain-of-function with two different outcomes: The N501Y confers a ten-fold affinity increase towards ACE-2, but a modest antibody evasion potential of plasma from convalescent or vaccinated individuals, whereas the E484K displays a significant antibody evasion capacity without a major impact on affinity. On the other hand, the two different 417 substitutions severely impair the RBD/ACE-2 affinity, but in the combined P.1 and B.1.351 RBD variants, this effect is partly counterbalanced by the effect of the E484K and N501Y. Our results suggest that the combination of these three mutations is a two-step forward and one step back in terms of viral fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Blood Bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Bayarri-Olmos R, Idorn M, Rosbjerg A, Pérez-Alós L, Hansen CB, Johnsen LB, Helgstrand C, Zosel F, Bjelke JR, Öberg FK, Søgaard M, Paludan SR, Bak-Thomsen T, Jardine JG, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses towards Full-Length Spike Protein and the Receptor-Binding Domain. J Immunol 2021; 207:878-887. [PMID: 34301847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tools to monitor SARS-CoV-2 transmission and immune responses are needed. We present a neutralization ELISA to determine the levels of Ab-mediated virus neutralization and a preclinical model of focused immunization strategy. The ELISA is strongly correlated with the elaborate plaque reduction neutralization test (ρ = 0.9231, p < 0.0001). The neutralization potency of convalescent sera strongly correlates to IgG titers against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike (ρ = 0.8291 and 0.8297, respectively; p < 0.0001) and to a lesser extent with the IgG titers against protein N (ρ = 0.6471, p < 0.0001). The preclinical vaccine NMRI mice models using RBD and full-length spike Ag as immunogens show a profound Ab neutralization capacity (IC50 = 1.9 × 104 to 2.6 × 104 and 3.9 × 103 to 5.2 × 103, respectively). Using a panel of novel high-affinity murine mAbs, we also show that a majority of the RBD-raised mAbs have inhibitory properties, whereas only a few of the spike-raised mAbs do. The ELISA-based viral neutralization test offers a time- and cost-effective alternative to the plaque reduction neutralization test. The immunization results indicate that vaccine strategies focused only on the RBD region may have advantages compared with the full spike.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Max Søgaard
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, Horsholm, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Joseph G Jardine
- Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, La Jolla, CA; and
| | | | - Peter Garred
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Wang N, Wu W, Qiang C, Ma N, Wu K, Liu D, Wang JX, Yang X, Xue L, Diao TY, Liu JY, Li A, Zhang B, Li ZF, Farrar CA, Banda NK, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P, Zhou W, Li K. Protective Role of Collectin 11 in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1430-1440. [PMID: 33605085 DOI: 10.1002/art.41696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collectin 11 (CL-11) is a soluble C-type lectin, a mediator of innate immunity. Its role in autoimmune disorders is unknown. We undertook this study to determine the role of CL-11 in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used and combined two approaches, including gene deletion of Colec11 and treatment with recombinant CL-11 (rCL-11). Joint inflammation and tissue destruction, circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, and adaptive immune responses were assessed in mice with CIA. Splenic CD11c+ cells were used to examine the influence of CL-11 on antigen-presenting cell (APC) function. Serum CL-11 levels in RA patients were also examined. RESULTS Colec11-/- mice developed more severe arthritis than wild-type mice, as determined by disease incidence, clinical arthritis scores, and histopathology (P < 0.05). Disease severity was associated with significantly enhanced APC activation, Th1/Th17 responses, pathogenic IgG2a production and joint inflammation, as well as elevated circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro analysis of CD11c+ cells revealed that CL-11 is critical for suppression of APC activation and function. Pharmacologic treatment of mice with rCL-11 reduced the severity of CIA in mice. Analysis of human blood samples revealed that serum CL-11 levels were lower in RA patients (n = 51) compared to healthy controls (n = 53). Reduction in serum CL-11 was inversely associated with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a novel role of CL-11 in protection against RA, suggesting that the underlying mechanism involves suppression of APC activation and subsequent T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiju Wu
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cui Qiang
- The Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunyi Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Xi'an Fifth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Teng-Yue Diao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Ang Li
- The Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zong-Fang Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | - Peter Garred
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wuding Zhou
- King's College London and Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ke Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Bayarri-Olmos R, Rosbjerg A, Johnsen LB, Helgstrand C, Bak-Thomsen T, Garred P, Skjoedt MO. The SARS-CoV-2 Y453F mink variant displays a pronounced increase in ACE-2 affinity but does not challenge antibody neutralization. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100536. [PMID: 33716040 PMCID: PMC7948531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from humans to animals has been reported for many domesticated species, including farmed minks. The identification of novel spike gene mutations appearing in minks has raised major concerns about potential immune evasion and challenges for the global vaccine strategy. One genetic variant, known as "cluster five," arose among farmed minks in Denmark and resulted in a complete shutdown of the world's largest mink production. However, the functional properties of this new variant are not established. Here we present functional data on the cluster-five variant, which contains a mutation resulting in a Y453F residue change in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Using an ELISA-based angiotensin-converting enzyme-2/RBD inhibition assay, we show that the Y453F variant does not decrease established humoral immunity from previously infected individuals or affect the neutralizing antibody response in a vaccine mouse model based on the original Wuhan strain RBD or spike as antigens. However, biolayer interferometry analysis demonstrates that it binds the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor with a 4-fold higher affinity than the original strain, suggesting an enhanced transmission capacity and a possible challenge for viral control. These results also indicate that the rise in the frequency of the cluster-five variant in mink farms might be a result of the fitness advantage conferred by the receptor adaptation rather than evading immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- COVID-19/epidemiology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/transmission
- Convalescence
- Denmark/epidemiology
- Gene Expression
- HEK293 Cells
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Immunity, Innate
- Mink/virology
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Pandemics
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Virus Internalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Hansen CB, Jarlhelt I, Pérez-Alós L, Hummelshøj Landsy L, Loftager M, Rosbjerg A, Helgstrand C, Bjelke JR, Egebjerg T, Jardine JG, Sværke Jørgensen C, Iversen K, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P, Skjoedt MO. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Are Correlated to Disease Severity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals. J Immunol 2020; 206:109-117. [PMID: 33208457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had extreme consequences for the healthcare system and has led to calls for diagnostic tools to monitor and understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and epidemiology, as well as to evaluate future vaccination strategies. In this study, we have developed novel, to our knowledge, flexible ELISA-based assays for specific detection of human SARS-CoV-2 Abs against the receptor-binding domain, including an Ag sandwich ELISA relevant for large population screening and three isotype-specific assays for in-depth diagnostics. Their performance was evaluated in a cohort of 350 convalescent participants with previous COVID-19 infection, ranging from asymptomatic to critical cases. We mapped the Ab responses to different areas on protein N and S and showed that the IgM, A, and G Ab responses against receptor-binding domain are significantly correlated to the disease severity. These assays and the data generated from them are highly relevant for diagnostics and prognostics and contribute to the understanding of long-term COVID-19 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Hummelshøj Landsy
- Department of Non-Clinical and Clinical Assay Sciences, Global Discovery and Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Mette Loftager
- Department of Non-Clinical and Clinical Assay Sciences, Global Discovery and Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Egebjerg
- Recombinant Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Joseph G Jardine
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; and
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; .,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jarlhelt I, Pilely K, Clausen JB, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P. Circulating Ficolin-2 and Ficolin-3 Form Heterocomplexes. J Immunol 2020; 204:1919-1928. [PMID: 32094208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The complement system constitutes an important part of the innate immune system. The collectins and the ficolins are soluble pattern recognition molecules that contribute to complement activation via the lectin pathway. During previous experiments with ficolin-2 and ficolin-3, we have observed that the molecules may interact. We therefore hypothesized the existence of stable ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes. We could demonstrate ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes in normal human serum and plasma by ELISA using Abs specific for ficolin-2 and ficolin-3. The formation of heteromeric protein complexes were validated by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. When recombinant ficolin-2 and recombinant ficolin-3 were mixed, no complexes were formed. However, when coexpressing ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells, we could detect ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes in the supernatant. Furthermore, we measured concentration of the ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes in arbitrary units in 94 healthy individuals. We also established the relationship between the concentrations of ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and the ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes. We observed that the concentration of the ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplex correlated significantly with ficolin-2 (ρ: 0.24, p < 0.018) and ficolin-3 concentrations (ρ: 0.46, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we describe a novel protein complex between ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 present in serum and plasma, which might be of additional biological relevance apart from the native ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jytte Bryde Clausen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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25
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Kirketerp-Møller N, Bayarri-Olmos R, Krogfelt KA, Garred P. C1q/TNF-Related Protein 6 Is a Pattern Recognition Molecule That Recruits Collectin-11 from the Complement System to Ligands. J Immunol 2020; 204:1598-1606. [PMID: 32041782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) 6 is a member of the CTRP protein family associated with the regulation of cellular and endocrine processes. CTRP6 contains collagen and globular structures, resembling the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of the classical and lectin complement pathways. We expressed human CTRP6 in Chinese hamster ovary cells and investigated the binding to different putative ligands (acetylated BSA [AcBSA], zymosan, mannan, and LPS from Escherichia coli and Salmonella as well as to the monosaccharides l-fucose, d-mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and galactose). Furthermore, we investigated the binding of CTRP6 to various Gram-negative bacteria as well as PRMs and enzymes of the lectin complement pathway. We found that CTRP6 bound to AcBSA and to a lesser extent to zymosan. Using EDTA as chelating agent, we observed an increased binding to AcBSA, zymosan and the two strains of LPS. We detected no binding to mannan and BSA. We identified l-fucose as a ligand for CTRP6 and that it bound to certain enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, whereas to other bacterial isolates, no binding was observed. CTRP6 did not appear to interact directly with the activating enzymes of the lectin pathway; however, we could show the specific recruitment of collectin-11 and subsequent initiation of the complement cascade through deposition of C4. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the binding of CTRP6 to a variety of microbial and endogenous ligands identifying CTRP6 as a novel human lectin and PRM of importance for complement recognition and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Kirketerp-Møller
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; and.,Department of Science and Environment, Molecular and Medical Biology, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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26
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Deshmukh AS, Peijs L, Beaudry JL, Jespersen NZ, Nielsen CH, Ma T, Brunner AD, Larsen TJ, Bayarri-Olmos R, Prabhakar BS, Helgstrand C, Severinsen MCK, Holst B, Kjaer A, Tang-Christensen M, Sanfridson A, Garred P, Privé GG, Pedersen BK, Gerhart-Hines Z, Nielsen S, Drucker DJ, Mann M, Scheele C. Proteomics-Based Comparative Mapping of the Secretomes of Human Brown and White Adipocytes Reveals EPDR1 as a Novel Batokine. Cell Metab 2019; 30:963-975.e7. [PMID: 31668873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines secreted from white adipose tissue play a role in metabolic crosstalk and homeostasis, whereas the brown adipose secretome is less explored. We performed high-sensitivity mass-spectrometry-based proteomics on the cell media of human adipocytes derived from the supraclavicular brown adipose and from the subcutaneous white adipose depots of adult humans. We identified 471 potentially secreted proteins covering interesting categories such as hormones, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and proteins of the complement system, which were differentially regulated between brown and white adipocytes. A total of 101 proteins were exclusively quantified in brown adipocytes, and among these was ependymin-related protein 1 (EPDR1). EPDR1 was detected in human plasma, and functional studies suggested a role for EPDR1 in thermogenic determination during adipogenesis. In conclusion, we report substantial differences between the secretomes of brown and white human adipocytes and identify novel candidate batokines that can be important regulators of human metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul S Deshmukh
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Lone Peijs
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Carsten H Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Minerva Imaging ApS, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Andreas D Brunner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Therese J Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bhargav S Prabhakar
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Mai C K Severinsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Gilbert G Privé
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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Pérez-Alós L, Bayarri-Olmos R, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. Combining MAP-1:CD35 or MAP-1:CD55 fusion proteins with pattern-recognition molecules as novel targeted modulators of the complement cascade. FASEB J 2019; 33:12723-12734. [PMID: 31469600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and its inhibition has been shown to be a feasible therapeutic option. Therefore, there is an interest in the development of complement modulators to treat complement activation-related inflammatory pathologies. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)/ficolin/collectin-associated protein-1 (MAP-1) is a regulatory molecule of the lectin pathway (LP), whereas complement receptor 1 (CD35) and decay-accelerating factor (CD55) are membrane-anchored regulators with effects on the central effector molecule C3. In this study, we developed 2 novel soluble chimeric inhibitors by fusing MAP-1 to the 3 first domains of CD35 (CD351-3) or the 4 domains of CD55 (CD551-4) to modulate the complement cascade at 2 different stages. The constructs showed biologic properties similar to those of the parent molecules. In functional complement activation assays, the constructs were very efficient in inhibiting LP activation at the level of C3 and in the formation of terminal complement complex. This activity was enhanced when coincubated with recombinant LP recognition molecules MBL and ficolin-3. Recombinant MAP-1 fusion proteins, combined with recombinant LP recognition molecules to target sites of inflammation, represent a novel and effective therapeutic approach involving the initiation and the central and terminal effector functions of the complement cascade.-Pérez-Alós, L., Bayarri-Olmos, R., Skjoedt, M.-O., Garred, P. Combining MAP-1:CD35 or MAP-1:CD55 fusion proteins with pattern-recognition molecules as novel targeted modulators of the complement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Larsen MD, Quintana MDP, Ditlev SB, Bayarri-Olmos R, Ofori MF, Hviid L, Garred P. Evasion of Classical Complement Pathway Activation on Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes Opsonized by PfEMP1-Specific IgG. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3088. [PMID: 30666256 PMCID: PMC6330326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the PfEMP1 protein family are expressed on the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs), where they contribute to the pathogenesis of malaria and are important targets of acquired immunity. Although the PfEMP1-specific antibody response is dominated by the opsonizing and complement-fixing subclasses IgG1 and IgG3, activation of the classical complement pathway by antibody-opsonized IEs does not appear to be a major immune effector mechanism. To study the molecular background for this, we used ELISA and flow cytometry to assess activation of the classical component pathway by recombinant and native PfEMP1 antigen opsonized by polyclonal and monoclonal PfEMP1-specific human IgG. Polyclonal IgG specific for VAR2CSA-type PfEMP1 purified from a pool of human immune plasma efficiently activated the classical complement pathway when bound to recombinant PfEMP1 in ELISA. In contrast, no activation of complement could be detected by flow cytometry when the same IgG preparation was used to opsonize IEs expressing the corresponding native PfEMP1 antigen. After engineering of a VAR2CSA-specific monoclonal antibody to facilitate its on-target hexamerization, complement activation was detectable in an ELISA optimized for uniform orientation of the immobilized antigen. In contrast, the antibody remained unable to activate complement when bound to native VAR2CSA on IEs. Our data suggest that the display of PfEMP1 proteins on IEs is optimized to prevent activation of the classical complement pathway, and thus represents a hitherto unappreciated parasite strategy to evade acquired immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Delbo Larsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Del Pilar Quintana
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Bolm Ditlev
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Fokuo Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen CB, Willer A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Kemper C, Garred P. Expression of complement C3, C5, C3aR and C5aR1 genes in resting and activated CD4 + T cells. Immunobiology 2018; 224:307-315. [PMID: 30612786 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation is traditionally thought to occur in the extracellular space. However, it has been suggested that complement proteins are activated and function at additional locations. T cells contain intracellular stores of C3 and C5 that can be cleaved into C3a and C5a and bind to intracellular receptors, which have been shown to be of vital importance for the differentiation and function of these cells. However, whether the origin of the complement proteins located within T cells is derived from endogenous produced complement or from an uptake dependent mechanism is unknown. The presence of intracellular C3 in T cells from normal donors was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of several genes encoding for complement proteins with primary focus on C3, C3aR, C5 and C5aR1 during resting state and upon activation of CD4+ T cells were investigated by a quantitative PCR technique. Furthermore, the gene expression level was evaluated at different time points. We confirmed the presence of intracellular C3 protein in normal T-cells. However, we could not see any increase in mRNA levels using any activation strategy tested. On the contrary, we observed a slight increase in C3 and C5aR1 mRNA only in the non-activated T-cells compared to the activated T cells, and a decrease in the activated T-cells at different incubation time points. Our results show that there is a baseline intracellular expression of the complement C3, C5, C3aR and C5aR1 genes in normal CD4+ T cells, but that expression is not increased during T-cell activation, but rather down regulated. Thus, the pool of intracellular complement in CD4+ T cells may either be due to accumulated complement due low-grade expression or arise from the circulation from an uptake dependent mechanism, but these possibilities are not mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton Willer
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Justesen L, Bayarri-Olmos R, Scheele C, Garred P. The complement system is differently regulated in white and brown adipocytes. Mol Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Bayarri-Olmos R, Kirketerp-Moller N, Pérez-Alós L, Skjodt K, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. Development of a Quantitative Assay for the Characterization of Human Collectin-11 (CL-11, CL-K1). Front Immunol 2018; 9:2238. [PMID: 30323815 PMCID: PMC6172411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collectin-11 (CL-11) is a pattern recognition molecule of the lectin pathway of complement with diverse functions spanning from host defense to embryonic development. CL-11 is found in the circulation in heterocomplexes with the homologous collectin-10 (CL-10). Abnormal CL-11 plasma levels are associated with the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, urinary schistosomiasis, and congenital disorders. Although there has been a marked development in the characterization of CL-11 there is still a scarcity of clinical tools for its analysis. Thus, we generated monoclonal antibodies and developed a quantitative ELISA to measure CL-11 in the circulation. The antibodies were screened against recombinant CL-11 and validated by ELISA and immunoprecipitation of serum and plasma. The best candidates were pairwise compared to develop a quantitative ELISA. The assay was validated regarding its sensitivity, reproducibility, and dilution linearity, demonstrating a satisfactory variability over a working range of 0.29–18.75 ng/ml. The mean plasma concentration of CL-11 in healthy controls was determined to be 289.4 ng/ml (range 143.2–459.4 ng/ml), highly correlated to the levels of CL/10/11 complexes (r = 0.729). Plasma CL-11 and CL-10/11 co-migrated in size exclusion chromatography as two major complexes of ~400 and >600 kDa. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease at admission in CL-11 plasma levels in patients admitted to intensive care with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. By using the in-house antibodies and recombinant CL-11, we found that CL-11 can bind to zymosan independently of calcium by a separate site from the carbohydrate-binding region. Finally, we showed that CL-11/MASP-2 complexes trigger C4b deposition on zymosan. In conclusion, we have developed a specific and sensitive ELISA to investigate the ever-expanding roles of CL-11 in health and disease and shown a novel interaction between CL-11 and zymosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Kirketerp-Moller
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Skjodt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hertz CE, Bayarri-Olmos R, Kirketerp-Møller N, van Putten S, Pilely K, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. Chimeric Proteins Containing MAP-1 and Functional Domains of C4b-Binding Protein Reveal Strong Complement Inhibitory Capacities. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1945. [PMID: 30210498 PMCID: PMC6120983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a tightly regulated network of proteins involved in defense against pathogens, inflammatory processes, and coordination of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysregulation of the complement cascade is associated with many inflammatory disorders. Thus, inhibition of the complement system has emerged as an option for treatment of a range of different inflammatory diseases. MAP-1 is a pattern recognition molecule (PRM)-associated inhibitor of the lectin pathway of the complement system, whereas C4b-binding protein (C4BP) regulates both the classical and lectin pathways. In this study we generated chimeric proteins consisting of MAP-1 and the first five domains of human C4BP (C4BP1−5) in order to develop a targeted inhibitor acting at different levels of the complement cascade. Two different constructs were designed and expressed in CHO cells where MAP-1 was fused with C4BP1−5 in either the C- or N-terminus. The functionality of the chimeric proteins was assessed using different in vitro complement activation assays. Both chimeric proteins displayed the characteristic Ca2+-dependent dimerization and binding to PRMs of native MAP-1, as well as the co-factor activity of native C4BP. In ELISA-based complement activation assays they could effectively inhibit the lectin and classical pathways. Notably, MAP-1:C4BP1−5 was five times more effective than rMAP-1 and rC4BP1−5 applied at the same time, emphasizing the advantage of a single inhibitor containing both functional domains. The MAP-1/C4BP chimeras exert unique complement inhibitory properties and represent a novel therapeutic approach targeting both upstream and central complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie E Hertz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Kirketerp-Møller
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sander van Putten
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Goicoechea de Jorge E, López Lera A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Yebenes H, Lopez-Trascasa M, Rodríguez de Córdoba S. Common and rare genetic variants of complement components in human disease. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:42-57. [PMID: 29914697 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability in the complement system and its association with disease has been known for more than 50 years, but only during the last decade have we begun to understand how this complement genetic variability contributes to the development of diseases. A number of reports have described important genotype-phenotype correlations that associate particular diseases with genetic variants altering specific aspects of the activation and regulation of the complement system. The detailed functional characterization of some of these genetic variants provided key insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these pathologies, which is facilitating the design of specific anti-complement therapies. Importantly, these analyses have sometimes revealed unknown features of the complement proteins. As a whole, these advances have delineated the functional implications of genetic variability in the complement system, which supports the implementation of a precision medicine approach based on the complement genetic makeup of the patients. Here we provide an overview of rare complement variants and common polymorphisms associated with disease and discuss what we have learned from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goicoechea de Jorge
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto López Lera
- Research Institute Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugo Yebenes
- Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Pathology and Complement Genetics Unit. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Pathology and Complement Genetics Unit. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Hertz CE, Bayarri-Olmos R, Pilely K, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. Design, expression, and function of chimeric bispecific complement inhibitors containing MAP-1 and functional domains of C4b-binding protein. Mol Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin-10, collectin-11, and the ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3) are soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin complement pathway. These proteins act as mediators of host defense and participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They bind to conserved pathogen-specific structures and altered self-antigens and form complexes with the pentraxins to modulate innate immune functions. All molecules exhibit distinct expression in different tissue compartments, but all are found to a varying degree in the circulation. A common feature of these molecules is their ability to interact with a set of serine proteases named MASPs (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). MASP-1 and -2 trigger the activation of the lectin pathway and MASP-3 may be involved in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Furthermore, MASPs mediate processes related to coagulation, bradykinin release, and endothelial and platelet activation. Variant alleles affecting expression and structure of the proteins have been associated with a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, most commonly as disease modifiers. Notably, the severe 3MC (Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, and Carnevale) embryonic development syndrome originates from rare mutations affecting either collectin-11 or MASP-3, indicating a broader functionality of the complement system than previously anticipated. This review summarizes the characteristics of the molecules in the lectin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ma YJ, Hein E, Munthe-Fog L, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Romani L, Garred P. Soluble Collectin-12 (CL-12) Is a Pattern Recognition Molecule Initiating Complement Activation via the Alternative Pathway. J I 2015; 195:3365-73. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen S, Henriksen ML, Storm L, Thiel S, Garred P, Munthe-Fog L. Genetic variation of COLEC10 and COLEC11 and association with serum levels of collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114883. [PMID: 25710878 PMCID: PMC4339841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collectin liver 1 (CL-L1, alias CL-10) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1, alias CL-11), encoded by the COLEC10 and COLEC11 genes, respectively, are highly homologous soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin pathway of complement. These proteins may be involved in anti-microbial activity and in tissue development as mutations in COLEC11 are one of the causes of the developmental defect syndrome 3MC. We studied variations in COLEC10 and COLEC11, the impact on serum concentration and to what extent CL-L1 and CL-K1 serum concentrations are correlated. We sequenced the promoter regions, exons and exon-intron boundaries of COLEC10 and COLEC11 in samples from Danish Caucasians and measured the corresponding serum levels of CL-L1 and CL-K1. The median concentration of CL-L1 and CL-K1 was 1.87 μg/ml (1.00-4.14 μg/ml) and 0.32 μg/ml (0.11-0.69 μg/ml), respectively. The level of CL-L1 strongly correlated with CL-K1 (ρ = 0.7405, P <0.0001). Both genes were highly conserved with the majority of variations in the non-coding regions. Three non-synonymous variations were tested: COLEC10 Glu78Asp (rs150828850, minor allele frequency (MAF): 0.003), COLEC10 Arg125Trp (rs149331285, MAF: 0.007) and COLEC11 His219Arg (rs7567833, MAF: 0.033). Carriers of COLEC10 Arg125Trp had increased CL-L1 serum levels (P = 0.0478), whereas promoter polymorphism COLEC11-9570C>T (rs3820897) was associated with decreased levels of CL-K1 (P = 0.044). In conclusion, COLEC10 and COLEC11 are highly conserved, which may reflect biological importance of CL-L1 and CL-K1. Moreover, the strong inter individual correlation between the two proteins suggests that a major proportion are found as heterooligomers or subjected to the same regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maiken Lumby Henriksen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Storm
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Munthe-Fog
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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