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Park SC, Jeong DE, Han SW, Chae JS, Lee JY, Kim HS, Kim B, Kang JG. Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y. [PMID: 38635002 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
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Lee PE, Kwon EH, Kim SH, Kim MS, Kang JG, Lee DJ. Establishment of an inspection standard for decomposition and methane production rates of organic waste co-digestion facilities in Korea. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120578. [PMID: 38547826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Domestic organic waste resources have increased over the past decade and treatment of this waste via co-digested biogasification facilities is increasing annually. However, inspection standards for such facilities are not well-established. Herein, we aimed to derive calculation formulas and factors related to organic matter decomposition efficiency and methane production rate in accordance with waste treatment facility inspection standards. We also aimed to determine the optimum waste mixing ratio. Sample (field) surveys of 18 treatment facilities and complete enumeration of 110 facilities were conducted. Calculation formulas and factors were derived using the survey data and biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. The calculated coefficients derived through the BMP test were 0.512 m3 CH4/kgVSin for food waste, 0.601 m3 CH4/kgVSin for livestock manure, and 0.382 m3 CH4/kgVSin for sewage sludge. The final derived calculation factors were 65.0% for food waste, 36.0% for livestock manure, and 20.0% for sewage sludge for organic matter decomposition efficiency, and 0.380 m3 CH4/kgVSin for food waste, 0.27 m3 CH4/kgVSin for livestock manure, and 0.140 m3 CH4/kgVSin for sewage sludge for methane production rates. The derived effective capacity calculation factors can be utilized in future waste treatment facility inspection methods by aiding in the establishment of appropriate inspection standards for co-digested biogasification facilities other than single food waste treatment facilities. In addition, the optimum mixing ratio can be used as design data for co-digested biogasification facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pul-Eip Lee
- Waste-to-Energy Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kwon
- Waste-to-Energy Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyang Kim
- Waste-to-Energy Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, South Korea
| | - Min-Sang Kim
- Dongguk University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Waste-to-Energy Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Waste-to-Energy Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, South Korea.
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3
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Kim S, Jeon K, Choi H, Jeong DE, Kang JG, Cho NH. Comparative analysis of the efficacy of vaccines using structural protein subunits of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348276. [PMID: 38567080 PMCID: PMC10985320 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) represents a significant emerging health threat as a tick-borne pathogen that causes SFTS, with mortality rates ranging between 10 and 30%. Despite the considerable risk presented by SFTSV, an effective vaccine has yet to be developed. Our study assessed the efficacy of recombinant protein vaccines, focusing on the purified nucleocapsid protein (NP) and surface glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), against SFTSV in both singular and combined formulations. Individual vaccinations with NP or Gn subunits yielded partial protection in type I interferon receptor-knockout (IFNAR-KO) mice, with survival rates of 66.7 and 16.7%, respectively, whereas Gc vaccination did not confer significant protection, resulting in 100% mortality similar to that of the unvaccinated control group. Notably, NP vaccination substantially enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses, and Gc vaccination exhibited strong neutralizing activity against SFTSV. Among the combined recombinant protein formulations (Gn + NP, Gc + NP, and Gn + Gc + NP) tested, the Gc + NP combination provided the highest survival rate (85.7%) following challenge with a lethal dose of SFTSV, highlighting its potential as a vaccine candidate. Longitudinal studies showed that antibody levels in both wild type C57BL/6 and IFNAR-KO mice peaked between 2 and 3 months post-vaccination and declined over time. A notable decrease in NP-specific CD8+ T cell responses was observed 6 months post-vaccination in C57BL/6 mice, while NP-specific CD4+ T cell responses persisted up to 12 months. By 12 months post-vaccination, all IFNAR-KO mice vaccinated with single subunit antigens succumbed to the virus, suggesting that effective protection against SFTS may rely on antibody responses to subunit antigens and/or CD8+ T cell activity. These findings underscore the necessity of an optimized SFTS vaccine that combines protective antigens with an adjuvant system to ensure durable humoral and cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooncheol Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Hyung HJ, Choi YS, Park J, Lee KJ, Kang JG. Molecular detection of Borrelia theileri in cattle in Korea. Parasites Hosts Dis 2024; 62:151-156. [PMID: 38443779 PMCID: PMC10915267 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bovine borreliosis, caused by Borrelia theileri which is transmitted via hard tick bites, is associated with mild clinical symptoms, such as fever, lethargy, hemoglobinuria, anorexia, and anemia. Borrelia theileri infects various animals, such as cattle, deer, horses, goats, sheep, and wild ruminants, in Africa, Australia, and South America. Notably, no case of B. theileri infection has been reported in Korean cattle to date. In this study, 101 blood samples were collected from a Korean indigenous cattle breed, among which 1.98% tested positive for B. theileri via nested PCR. The obtained sequences exhibited high homology with B. theileri strains identified in other regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA confirmed the B. theileri group affiliation; however, flagellin B sequences exhibited divergence, potentially due to regional evolutionary differences. This study provides the first molecular confirmation of B. theileri infection in Korean livestock. Further isolation and nucleotide sequence analyses are necessary to better understand the presence of B. theileri strains in cows in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ji Hyung
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Choi
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
| | - Kwang-Jun Lee
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Diseases Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159,
Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
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Rim JM, Han SW, Cho YK, Kang JG, Choi KS, Chae JS. Serologic and Molecular Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Among Poultry in the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:662-669. [PMID: 37788402 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus, which belongs to the genus Bandavirus, family Phenuiviridae, and order Bunyavirales. It has been found in tick species, various animals, and humans. The aim of this study was to detect RNA of antigens and antibodies against SFTS virus (SFTSV) among poultry such as chickens, ducks, and wild geese from five provinces in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Materials and Methods: A one-step reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and nested PCR were performed after viral RNA extraction. The phylogenetic tree was constructed after sequencing data were analyzed and aligned. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization test (NT) were performed to test for IgG antibodies of SFTSV. Results: Of a total of 606 poultry serum samples collected, 568 and 539 serum samples were used to perform ELISA and NT, respectively. Of a total of 606 serum samples tested by RT-PCR targeting the S segment, 15 (2.5%) were positive for SFTSV. From the 15 positive serum samples for the SFTSV antigen, three from chickens, three from ducks, and one from wild geese were classified as genotype B-2; one from chickens was classified as genotype B-3; and three from chickens and four from wild geese were classified as genotype D. Of the 568 serum samples tested by ELISA, 83 (28.0%) from chickens, 81 (32.9%) from ducks, and 8 (30.8%) from wild geese were seropositive. Of the 539 serum samples for which an NT was performed, 113 (38.6%) from chickens and 75 (30.5%) from ducks were positive for SFTSV antibodies. Conclusions: The results of this study provide useful information regarding detection of SFTSV RNA and antibodies among poultry and the possibility of SFTSV transmission in various types of poultry, including chickens, ducks, and wild geese, in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han SW, Cho YK, Rim JM, Kang JG, Choi KS, Chae JS. Molecular and Serological Survey of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Horses from the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:595-603. [PMID: 37682292 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonotic tick-borne disease in East Asia caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). It is to investigate the presence of SFTSV RNA and antibodies in horses from a slaughterhouse and equestrian centers in the Republic of Korea (ROK). A prevalence study of SFTSV-specific RNA and antibodies was designed from 889 horses in the ROK. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from horses at a slaughterhouse and equestrian centers from 2018 to 2020. To detect the presence of SFTSV, RNA was extracted from the serum samples, and a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted. Sequencing data were analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 software. The horse sera were also tested for SFTSV-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Twelve of 889 (1.3%) horse sera were positive for SFTSV RNA, and 452 of 887 (51.0%) horse sera were seropositive by ELISA. Among the RT-PCR-positive samples, 12 of the SFTSV S-segment sequences were classified as sub-genotypes B-2 (n = 6) and B-3 (n = 6). ELISA analysis was evaluated by comparison with neutralization test. We investigated SFTSV infection in horses over a 3-year period, but sampling was not performed evenly by season; continuous surveillance of SFTSV in horses is needed. Conclusions: We report the detection of SFTSV RNA and provide serological data on SFTSV prevalence in horses in the ROK. The detection of SFTSV-specific RNA and antibodies in horses, which are in close proximity to humans, suggests that SFTS is an emerging and important health issue, indicating that more attention to its relevance for equestrian workers is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee K, Seok JH, Kim H, Park S, Lee S, Bae JY, Jeon K, Kang JG, Yoo JR, Heo ST, Cho NH, Lee KH, Kim K, Park MS, Kim JI. Genome-informed investigation of the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011630. [PMID: 37713429 PMCID: PMC10529592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a viral pathogen causing significant clinical signs from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to severe hemorrhages. World Health Organization has paid special attention to the dramatic increase in human SFTS cases in China, Japan, and South Korea since the 2010s. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of SFTSVs using complete genomic sequences. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING We collected the complete genome sequences of SFTSVs globally isolated until 2019 (L segment, n = 307; M segment, n = 326; and S segment, n = 564) and evaluated the evolutionary profiles of SFTSVs based on phylogenetic and molecular selection pressure analyses. By employing a time-scaled Bayesian inference method, we found the geographical heterogeneity of dominant SFTSV genotypes in China, Japan, and South Korea around several centuries before and locally spread by tick-born spillover with infrequent long-distance transmission. Purifying selection predominated the molecular evolution of SFTSVs with limited gene reassortment and fixed substitution, but almost all three gene segments appeared to harbor at least one amino acid residue under positive selection. Specifically, the nonstructural protein and glycoprotein (Gn/Gc) genes were preferential selective targets, and the Gn region retained the highest number of positively selected residues. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Here, the large-scale genomic analyses of SFTSVs improved prior knowledge of how this virus emerged and evolved in China, Japan, and South Korea. Our results highlight the importance of SFTSV surveillance in both human and non-human reservoirs at the molecular level to fight against fatal human infection with the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeen Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory for Vector Borne Disease, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jeon K, Ro HJ, Kang JG, Jeong DE, Kim J, Lee Y, Yoon GY, Kang JI, Bae JY, Kim JI, Park MS, Lee KH, Cho HS, Kim Y, Cho NH. A natural variation in the RNA polymerase of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus enhances viral replication and in vivo virulence. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29099. [PMID: 37702580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with high mortality in Eastern Asia. The disease is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), also known as Dabie bandavirus, which has a segmented RNA genome consisting of L, M, and S segments. Previous studies have suggested differential viral virulence depending on the genotypes of SFTSV; however, the critical viral factor involved in the differential viral virulence is unknown. Here, we found a significant difference in viral replication in vitro and virulence in vivo between two Korean isolates belonging to the F and B genotypes, respectively. By generating viral reassortants using the two viral strains, we demonstrated that the L segment, which encodes viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is responsible for the enhanced viral replication and virulence. Comparison of amino acid sequences and viral replication rates revealed a point variation, E251K, on the surface of RdRp to be the most significant determinant for the enhanced viral replication rate and in vivo virulence. The effect of the variation was further confirmed using recombinant SFTSV generated by reverse genetic engineering. Therefore, our results indicate that natural variations affecting the viral replicase activity could significantly contribute to the viral virulence of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joowan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yebeen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Il Kang
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Innovation Center, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Innovation Center, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Innovation Center, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Lee YJ, Kang JG, Kwon YH, Ko YJ, Lee WS. Measurement of the NO x reduction effect on food wastewater during waste incineration. Waste Manag Res 2023; 41:195-204. [PMID: 35913072 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incineration is the most effective method for reducing the increasing waste volume. However, as the pollutants generated during incineration may cause secondary pollution, blocking them in advance is necessary. During incineration, prevention facilities are operated to reduce the amount of pollutants. Conventional selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) by injecting ammonia and urea as reducing agents. In this study, the NOx reduction effect on food wastewater (FW) was examined. In addition, the removal efficiency was compared at different concentrations of urea mixed with FW. When different concentrations of urea were injected in SNCR facilities A, B and C, NOx removal efficiencies of up to 75% were observed; with FW injection only, removal efficiency was 56%; and when both urea and FW were injected, removal efficiency was up to 79%. Although FW showed a lower NOx removal efficiency than urea, injecting both increased the efficiency. In addition, when air pollutant emissions and the incinerator temperature were analysed, we found that they could be managed without exceeding the allowed limits. However, for the injection and incineration of reducing agents, the characteristics of the incineration facility and reducing agents must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Lee
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kwon
- Measurement Analysis Department, Wonju Regional Environment Agency, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Jae Ko
- Air Environment Management Team, Geumgang Basic Environment Agency, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Lee
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
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10
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Han SW, Oh YI, Rim JM, Cho YK, Kim DH, Kang JG, Choi KS, Chae JS. Clinical features and epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in dogs in the Republic of Korea: an observational study (2019-2020). Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1195-1207. [PMID: 35932407 PMCID: PMC9362334 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate for humans and cats. The clinical course and prognosis of SFTS in dogs remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in dogs. All evaluated dogs exhibited an acute course and symptoms including fever (57.1%), anorexia (57.1%), depression (42.9%), and vomiting (35.7%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 45.5% of dogs, while jaundice was not observed. C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were elevated in some cases. Viral clearance occurred within 6 to 26 days. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SFTSV sequences were consistent with viruses circulating in the Republic of Korea. As dogs often live in close contact with humans, awareness of the clinical and epidemiological features of SFTS in dogs is crucial. Further large-scale studies are necessary to investigate SFTSV infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoo Kim
- Gogang Animal Hospital, 473 Yeokgok-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14416, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 54531, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Han SW, An JH, Rim JM, Jeong E, Noh S, Kang M, Kang JG, Chae JS. Confirmed cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in companion cats with a history of tick exposure in the Republic of Korea. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e83. [PMID: 36259102 PMCID: PMC9715390 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease, and its clinical information and prevalence are important. This study was conducted on 22 feline patients from the Republic of Korea (ROK), suspected to suffer from a tick-borne disease. Four cats were positive for SFTS, and genotypes B-1, B-3, D, and F were identified. Clinical symptoms, such as anorexia, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia, were detected. This is the first report of SFTS virus genotypes B-1, D, and F from cats in the ROK. Moreover, our results suggest that jaundice may be an indicator of SFTS in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Sungjun Noh
- Naeum Animal Medical Center, Cheongju 28776, Korea
| | | | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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12
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Kim YJ, Bae H, Shin SW, Cho AR, Jeon Y, Hwang TS, Jung DI, Kim DY, Kang JG, Yu D. Two Clinical Cases of Feline Hemoplasmosis in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2022; 60:127-131. [PMID: 35500894 PMCID: PMC9058274 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (hemoplasmosis) is an infection of the red blood cells caused by the Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt). The existence of Mhf, CMhm, and CMt has been demonstrated in feral cats in Korea using molecular methods, but no clinical cases have yet been reported. This study reports 2 clinical cases of hemotropic mycoplasmosis caused by CMhm and CMt in 2 anemic cats. The first case was a client-owned intact female domestic shorthair cat that presented with fever, pale mucous membranes, and normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia. Prior to referral, an immunosuppressive prednisolone dose was administered at the local veterinary clinic for 1 month. The cat was diagnosed with high-grade alimentary lymphoma. Organisms were found on the surface of the red blood cells on blood smear examination. The second case was of a rescued cat that presented with dehydration and fever. The cat had normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia. Necropsy revealed concurrent feline infectious peritonitis. Polymerase chain reaction assay targeting 16S rRNA revealed CMhm infection in case 1 and dual infection of CMhm and CMt in case 2. Normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia was observed in both cats before and during the management of the systemic inflammation. This is the first clinical case report in Korea to demonstrate CMhm and CMt infections in symptomatic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Hyeona Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Sun Woo Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - ARom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Yeseul Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Dong-In Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211,
USA
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
- Corresponding authors (; )
| | - DoHyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Corresponding authors (; )
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13
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Kang JG, Cho YK, Jo YS, Han SW, Chae JB, Park JE, Jeong H, Jheong WH, Chae JS. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2022; 60:65-71. [PMID: 35247957 PMCID: PMC8898643 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a zoonotic, tick-borne RNA virus of the genus Bandavirus (Family Phenuiviridae), mainly reported in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (Korea). For the purpose of this study, a total of 3,898 adult and nymphal ticks of species Haemaphysalis longicornis (94.2%), Haemaphysalis flava (5.0%), Ixodes nipponensis (0.8%), and 1 specimen of Ixodes ovatus, were collected from the Deogyusan National Park, Korea, between April 2016 and June 2018. A single-step reverse transcriptase–nested PCR was performed, targeting the S segment of the SFTSV RNA. Total infection rate (IR) of SFTSV in individual ticks was found to be 6.0%. Based on developmental stages, IR was 5.3% in adults and 6.0% in nymphs. The S segment sequences obtained from PCR were divided into 17 haplotypes. All haplotypes were phylogenetically clustered into clades B-2 and B-3, with 92.7% sequences in B-2 and 7.3% in B-3. These observations indicate that the Korean SFTSV strains were closer to the Japanese than the Chinese strains. Further epidemiological studies are necessary to better understand the characteristics of the Korean SFTSV and its transmission cycle in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531,
Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Young-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407,
Korea
| | - Hyesung Jeong
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407,
Korea
| | - Weon-Hwa Jheong
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407,
Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
- Corresponding author ()
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14
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Tizaoui K, Yang JW, Lee KH, Kim JH, Kim M, Yoon S, Jung Y, Park JB, An K, Choi H, Song D, Jung H, Ahn S, Yuh T, Choi HM, Ahn JH, Kim Y, Jee S, Lee H, Jin S, Kang JG, Koo B, Lee JY, Min KM, Yoo W, Rhyu HJ, Yoon Y, Lee MH, Kim SE, Hwang J, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Park S, Shin JI, Smith L. The role of YKL-40 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:3731-3746. [PMID: 35813465 PMCID: PMC9254466 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.67587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
YKL-40, a chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) or human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC gp-39), is expressed and secreted by various cell-types including macrophages, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like synovial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Its biological function is not well elucidated, but it is speculated to have some connection with inflammatory reactions and autoimmune diseases. Although having important biological roles in autoimmunity, there were only attempts to elucidate relationships of YKL-40 with a single or couple of diseases in the literature. Therefore, in order to analyze the relationship between YKL-40 and the overall diseases, we reviewed 51 articles that discussed the association of YKL-40 with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Several studies showed that YKL-40 could be assumed as a marker for disease diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity. It is also shown to be involved in response to disease treatment. However, other studies showed controversial results particularly in the case of Behçet disease activity. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of YKL-40 in autoimmunity and to investigate its potential in therapeutics.
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15
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Kim DM, Kim Y, Seo JW, Lee J, Park U, Ha NY, Koh J, Park H, Lee JW, Ro HJ, Yun NR, Kim DY, Yoon SH, Na YS, Moon DS, Lim SC, Kim CM, Jeon K, Kang JG, Jang NY, Jeong H, Kim J, Cheon S, Sohn KM, Moon JY, Kym S, Han SR, Lee MS, Kim HJ, Park WY, Choi JY, Shin HW, Kim HY, Cho CH, Jeon YK, Kim YS, Cho NH. Enhanced eosinophil-mediated inflammation associated with antibody and complement-dependent pneumonic insults in critical COVID-19. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109798. [PMID: 34587481 PMCID: PMC8450316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the worldwide effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the underlying mechanisms of fatal viral pneumonia remain elusive. Here, we show that critical COVID-19 is associated with enhanced eosinophil-mediated inflammation when compared to non-critical cases. In addition, we confirm increased T helper (Th)2-biased adaptive immune responses, accompanying overt complement activation, in the critical group. Moreover, enhanced antibody responses and complement activation are associated with disease pathogenesis as evidenced by formation of immune complexes and membrane attack complexes in airways and vasculature of lung biopsies from six fatal cases, as well as by enhanced hallmark gene set signatures of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) signaling and complement activation in myeloid cells of respiratory specimens from critical COVID-19 patients. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may drive specific innate immune responses, including eosinophil-mediated inflammation, and subsequent pulmonary pathogenesis via enhanced Th2-biased immune responses, which might be crucial drivers of critical disease in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoree Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sub Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yoon Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhyea Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youg Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kym
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ro Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Geninus Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Chae JB, Kim HC, Kang JG, Choi KS, Chae JS, Yu DH, Park BK, Oh YS, Choi HJ, Park J. The prevalence of causative agents of calf diarrhea in Korean native calves. J Anim Sci Technol 2021; 63:864-871. [PMID: 34447962 PMCID: PMC8367409 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Infectious calf diarrhea is one of the most significant diseases of neonatal
calves. This study is conducted to identify the prevalence of pathogens in calf
diarrhea for 2 years. A total of 544 feces samples from Korean native beef
calves were obtained to investigate selected seven pathogens causing calf
diarrhea: bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Cryptosporidium
parvum, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Eimeria
species, Escherichia coli K99, and Salmonella
species. The presence of diarrhea, the number and species of detected pathogens,
and the calves’ ages were analyzed using various statistical methods
depending on the case. Of the 544 calves, 340 calves (62.5%) had normal feces
and 204 calves (37.5%) had diarrhea. The presence of pathogens was significantly
associated with diarrhea (p < 0.01) and fecal scores and
the number of detected pathogens showed a significant linear trend
(p < 0.001). Of the 7 target pathogens, 6 were
detected in samples, but only C. parvum (p =
0.001) and bovine rotavirus (p < 0.001) were found at
significantly higher rates in diarrheic calves than in non-diarrheic calves.
Only Eimeria spp. showed a significant linear trend between the
detection rate of the pathogen and the age groups (p <
0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
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17
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Rim JM, Han SW, Cho YK, Kang JG, Choi KS, Jeong H, Son K, Kim J, Choi Y, Kim WM, Cho NH, Chae JS. Survey of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in wild boar in the Republic of Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101813. [PMID: 34411795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by Dabie bandavirus that belongs to the genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae and order Bunyavirales and is transmitted by hard ticks. It has been detected in several tick species, various animals, and humans. The purpose of this study was to detect SFTS virus (SFTSV) antigen and antibody in wild boar in the Republic of Korea (ROK). A total of 768 sera samples were collected from wild boar in the ROK between January and December 2019. Viral RNA was extracted from sera using viral RNA extraction kit, and one-step RT-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the S segment of the SFTSV. The sequencing data were analyzed using Chromas and aligned using Clustal X. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method using MEGA7. In addition, wild boar sera were tested for IgG antibodies against SFTSV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Of a total of 768 sera samples, 40 (5.2%) were positive for SFTSV by RT-PCR targeting the S segment. Two hundred twenty-one (28.8%) and 159 (20.7%) of 768 sera samples were seropositive by ELISA and IFA, respectively. Based on both ELISA and IFA tests of the same samples, 110 (14.3%) wild boar sera samples were positive for SFTSV antibodies. Of a total of 40 positive serum samples by RT-PCR, 33 (82.5%) and 7 (17.5%) sera were classified as the genotype B-3 and D, respectively, by sequence analysis,. These results provide useful information that demonstrates the detection of antigen and antibody in wild boar sera samples for every month of a certain year throughout the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Jeong
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Son
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Choi
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Meong Kim
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Win AM, Nguyen YTH, Kim Y, Ha NY, Kang JG, Kim H, San B, Kyaw O, Htike WW, Choi DO, Lee KH, Cho NH. Genotypic Heterogeneity of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Scrub Typhus Patients and Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Co-infection, Myanmar. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1878-1881. [PMID: 32687023 PMCID: PMC7392420 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic and molecular surveillance of serum collected from 152 suspected scrub typhus patients in Myanmar revealed Orientia tsutsugamushi of genotypic heterogeneity. In addition, potential co-infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was observed in 5 (3.3%) patients. Both scrub typhus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome are endemic in Myanmar.
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19
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Han SW, Chae JB, Jo YS, Cho YK, Kang JG, Shin NS, Youn HJ, Youn HY, Nam HM, Kim HJ, Kang HE, Chae JS. First detection of Borrelia and Rickettsia species from Ornithodoros ticks in the Republic of Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101689. [PMID: 33676201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are considered important vectors among arthropods and are linked to serious medical and veterinary health problems. In this study, we investigated tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of Ornithodoros (Carios) sawaii and a newly identified Ornithodoros species from migratory bird nests in the uninhabited islands of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Ticks were collected from seabird nests with soil using a Tullgren funnel. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specific primer sets targeting genes of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia sp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, and Bartonella spp. for molecular identification of TBPs, and two pathogens, Borrelia sp. and Rickettsia sp. were detected via PCR. Sequence data were analyzed and a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the maximum-likelihood method in MEGA v.7. The detection rate of Borrelia sp. in O.(C.) sawaii was 6.8 % (5/74), and that of Rickettsia sp. in O. sawaii and the newly identified Ornithodoros species. was 36.5 % (27/74). Sequencing analysis revealed that the 16S ribosomal (r) RNA and flagellin genes of Borrelia sp., and the citrate synthase (gltA) and 17-kDa antigen gene of Rickettsia sp. were closely phylogenetically related to those of Borrelia turicatae and Rickettsia asembonensis. This is the first report identifying Borrelia sp. and Rickettsia sp. from O. sawaii, and Rickettsia sp. from the newly identified Ornithodoros species in the ROK, and these results imply that soft ticks (O. sawaii, and the newly identified Ornithodoros species) may function as pathogen carriers with important implications for public health throughout their distribution areas in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Shik Shin
- Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Mi Nam
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Han SW, Chae JB, Jo YS, Cho YK, Kang JG, Shin NS, Youn HJ, Youn HY, Nam HM, Kim HJ, Kang HE, Chae JS. First report of Newly Identified Ornithodoros Species in the Republic of Korea. J Parasitol 2021; 106:546-563. [PMID: 32916707 DOI: 10.1645/19-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are important issues worldwide because of their effects on animal and human health. The genus Ornithodoros, which is included in the family Argasidae, is typically associated with wild animals, including seabirds. In this study, samples from the nests of seabirds and surrounding soil were collected to investigate Ornithodoros spp. from 9 uninhabited islands in the western, eastern, and southern parts of Korea from April 2017 to October 2018. The islands are known as the breeding places of migratory and resident birds. Ticks were collected from soil and nest material of seabirds using a Tullgren funnel and identified using 16S rRNA and the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI), and host animals of soft ticks were identified using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene by a polymerase chain reaction. In the sequence identity of the 16S rRNA gene fragment of Ornithodoros sp., Ornithodoros sawaii was identified as the closest homologous sequence, and the new Ornithodoros sp. was newly identified. We found that the newly identified Ornithodoros sp. in the Republic of Korea was located in uninhabited islands used as breeding places by the black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Shik Shin
- Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Mi Nam
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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21
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Lee YJ, Go YJ, Yoo HN, Choi GG, Park HY, Kang JG, Lee WS, Shin SK. Measurement and analysis of biomass content using gas emissions from solid refuse fuel incineration. Waste Manag 2021; 120:392-399. [PMID: 33261979 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the results of biomass and biocarbon content analysis of Solid Refuse Fuels using 14C method and selective dissolution method. Solid Refuse fuel Samples for biomass and biocarbon contents analysis were each collected from the silos and stack of the respective three facilities. Samples collected for 1, 10, 20, and 30 days for each method were analyzed. The analysis data were grouped into sample period, type and method and the optimum method for the detection of the biomass and biocarbon content was estimated. The biomass and biocarbon content showed a partially normal distribution. However, it does not satisfy equal variance. Therefore, we applied the parametric statistics Welch's ANOVA test and the nonparametric statistics Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the means of each sample group. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that sapmles collected over 20 days at Facility A had the same mean value. Therefore, when analyzing biocarbon content using the 14C method, conducting analyses by collecting exhaust gases for more than 20 days reduces errors in the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Lee
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Young-Jae Go
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Ha-Nyoung Yoo
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Gyoung-Goo Choi
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeun Park
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
| | - Won-Seok Lee
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Shin
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institue of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
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22
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Park SK, Ryoo JH, Kang JG, Jung JY. Association of left ventricular hypertrophy with the level of thyroid hormone in euthyroid state. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:111-117. [PMID: 32383145 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been demonstrated that variation in thyroid hormone levels even within normal range was associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, available data are still insufficient on association between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and thyroid hormone levels within euthyroid state. METHODS In 69,298 Koreans with euthyroid function, we evaluated association between echocardiographically detected LVH and thyroid hormone levels within the normal range. Study participants were categorized into elderly (age ≥ 40) and younger (age < 40) groups, where subjects were divided into four groups according to quartile levels of thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LVH (adjusted ORs [95% CI]) across quartile levels of thyroid hormones. RESULTS In elderly group, adjusted ORs for LVH generally higher in the first quartile group than other quartile groups, despite no statistical significance in some cases (first quartile: reference, second quartile: 0.86 [0.67-1.11] in TSH, 0.75 [0.58-0.95] in FT4 and 0.63 [0.49-0.81] in FT3, third quartile: 0.70 [0.54-0.92] in TSH, 0.79 [0.61-1.02] in FT4 and 0.72 [0.55-0.93] in FT3, fourth quartile: 0.81 [0.65-1.04] in TSH, 0.85 [0.65-1.10] in FT4 and 0.58 [0.44-0.77] in FT3). This finding was similarly found in the younger group, despite discrepancy in some cases. CONCLUSION In euthyroid state, low normal levels in FT4, FT3 and TSH were more strongly associated with LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Kang
- Total Healthcare Center, KangBuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, KangBuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Kim J, Lee D, Yoon E, Bae H, Chun D, Kang JG, Jung DI, Yu DH. Clinical Case of a Transfusion-Associated Canine Mycoplasma haemocanis Infection in the Republic of Korea: A Case Report. Korean J Parasitol 2020; 58:565-569. [PMID: 33202509 PMCID: PMC7672241 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the first clinical case of a transfusion-associated Mycoplasma haemocanis infection in a dog in Korea. A 6-year-old male Maltese underwent a red blood cell transfusion for idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Eighteen days after the blood transfusion, the recipient's packed cell volume decreased and basophilic organisms were found on erythrocytes. A polymerase chain reaction and sequential analysis showed that both the donor dog and recipient dog had M. haemocanis. Six weeks after doxycycline administration, no organisms were detected and the recipient's anemia had improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihu Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Donghwan Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eunchae Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyeona Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Daseul Chun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Dong-In Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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24
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Kang JG, Cho YK, Han SW, Jeon K, Choi H, Kim JH, Cho NH, Choi KS, Chae JS. Molecular and Serological Investigation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Cats. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:916-920. [PMID: 32831006 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis in China, the Republic of Korea (ROK), and Japan. The presence of the SFTS virus (SFTSV) in companion, livestock, and wild animals has been reported. Recently, human SFTS-like clinical symptoms in cats and cheetahs have been reported in Japan. Therefore, the prevalence of the SFTSV gene or antibody in cats is important for public health as well as veterinary medicine. Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from 201 feral and house cats in the ROK in 2017. Samples were analyzed for the presence of the SFTSV gene after RT-nested PCR amplification and for anti-SFTSV antibodies after enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Eight (4.0%) and nine (4.5%) of 201 cat sera were found to be positive for the SFTSV gene and anti-SFTSV nucleocapsid protein antibodies, respectively. Specifically, 5.9% feral and 2.0% house cats were positive for the SFTSV gene, and 6.9% feral and 2.0% house cats were positive for anti-SFTSV antibodies. All sequences of the SFTSV S segment obtained were included in Japanese/Korean SFTSV clades, as opposed to the Chinese clade. Conclusions: This study constitutes the first serological study of SFTSV in house and feral cats in the ROK. Evidence of SFTSV in companion animals indicates that SFTSV can circulate in homes and that more intensive precautions and education measures are needed for companion animal guardians and veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooncheol Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- 24 Hours Smart Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Han SW, Kang JG, Byeon AR, Cho YK, Choi KS, Chae JS. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in canines from the Republic of Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101454. [PMID: 32370926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in a companion dog was confirmed based on clinical symptoms, virus isolation, and virus-specific antibody detection. Fever and anorexia began after tick bite. Viremia disappeared within two weeks and antibodies were detected one week after disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - A-Ram Byeon
- Apple Animal Hospital, Chungju, 27359, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Thi Hai Yen N, Kim C, Jeong S, Jeon K, Choi H, Ro HJ, Kim HI, Kim Y, Kang JG, Park D, Choi MS, Lee KH, Cho NH. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection or Mixed Infection with Scrub Typhus in South Korea in 2000-2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:1096-1099. [PMID: 31482787 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a tick-borne viral disease, with a high mortality rate that was first reported in China in 2009. Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a bacterium transmitted to humans through chigger mite bites. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and scrub typhus are endemic to South Korea. To investigate evidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection or mixed infection with scrub typhus in South Korea, we examined 2,329 sera samples collected from patients presenting from November 1, 2000, to November 1, 2003, for the diagnosis of rickettisal diseases at Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. We found retrospective evidence of SFTSV infection or mixed infection with scrub typhus in South Korea in 2000-2003. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infections in South Korea occurred before previously reported cases and were more concurrent with those in China. It is important to consider SFTSV infection in patients with scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonyoung Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hooncheol Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dahee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sik Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang WS, Lee YJ, Kang JG, Shin SK, Jeon TW. Assessment of quality test methods for solid recovered fuel in South Korea. Waste Manag 2020; 103:240-250. [PMID: 31901617 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Management of solid recovered fuel (SRF) in South Korea is unique from most other countries in that it is based on a single standard. All SRFs are distributed at the same price irrespective of their performance, resulting in utilization problems and a low degree of acceptance among consumers. Moreover, the difficulty of temperature maintenance during transportation, excessive ash content, and the use of inappropriate microwave acid digestion methods pose challenges to SRF reliability. To address these issues, we compared the relevant management statuses in South Korea with those of the international community and reviewed the effects of the transportation temperature, ash content, and microwave acid digestion technique. The moisture, ash, sulfur, and chlorine contents as well as the lower heating values (LHVs) of all the samples from South Korea were found to be below the standard [international] thresholds, and they were barely influenced by the transportation temperature. In addition, 5 g samples were found to be more appropriate for ash content analysis than the 20 g samples used in South Korea, with the former producing smaller standard deviations. The optimal microwave acid digestion conditions were also determined to be a reaction time with nitric acid of >10 min, temperature of 180 °C, and microwave power of 600 W. The results of this study highlight the need for revising the SRF test methods used in South Korea, to boost the market and enhance quality reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Yang
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Shin
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Jeon
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
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Ko Y, Kang JG, Kwon YH, Yoo HN, Lee JY, Kwon JH, Jeon TW, Shin SK. Analysis of Material Flow and Calorific Value of Waste in Industrial Waste Incineration Facilities in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.9786/kswm.2019.36.8.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Of 103 serum samples collected from dogs in South Korea, 3 (2.9%) were positive for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and 22 (21.4%) were positive for antibodies against SFTSV. A dog-derived isolate of SFTSV clustered with many South Korea SFTSV strains in the Japanese clade.
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Chae JB, Cho YS, Cho YK, Kang JG, Shin NS, Chae JS. Epidemiological Investigation of Tick Species from Near Domestic Animal Farms and Cattle, Goat, and Wild Boar in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2019; 57:319-324. [PMID: 31284358 PMCID: PMC6616163 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the tick species and give background for tick-borne investigations in Korea. Ticks were collected from the area within 2 km radius of the 4 domestic animal farms, where they were located in mountainous areas and raising animals on pasture, and from animal bodies in 2014 and 2015. In total, 7,973 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from the farms - 7,758 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 198 Haemaphysalis flava, and 17 Ixodes nipponensis, and 1,763 were collected from animals - 729 H. longicornis from cattle; 569 H. longicornis from goats; and 297 H. longicornis, 118 H. flava, 1 I. nipponensis, and 49 Amblyomma testudinarium from wild boars. As more species of ticks were collected from wild boars than domesticated animals and their habitats, various animal hosts should be considered while investigating tick species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Nam-Shik Shin
- Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Jo YS, Kang JG, Chae JB, Cho YK, Shin JH, Jheong WH, Chae JS. Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks Collected from National Parks in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:284-289. [PMID: 30481146 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral disease in East Asian countries, including China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The causative agent of SFTS is the SFTS virus (SFTSV), which is transmitted by ticks. To investigate the prevalence of SFTSV in the ROK, a total of 9744 ticks were collected from vegetation in five national parks between July and November 2015. Of the collected adult and nymph ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis (68.44%) was the most abundant, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (29.66%), Ixodes nipponensis (1.56%), and Amblyomma testudinarium (0.34%). Collected larval ticks were of the genera Haemaphysalis (99.61%) and Ixodes (0.39%). One-step RT-PCR and nested PCR were used to detect SFTSV-specific genes from each individual adult and nymph tick and pooled larval ticks. SFTSV was detected in 4.77% (48/1006) in H. longicornis, 1.15% (5/436) in H. flava, 0% (0/23) in I. nipponensis, and 20% (1/5) in A. testudinarium. The infection rate of SFTSV in adult and nymph ticks was 3.61%. The prevalence of SFTSV in adult and nymph ticks was relatively high, compared with previous reports. In larval ticks, the minimum infection rate was 0.31%. SFTSV was detected in ticks collected from both trail and nontrail areas in the national parks, and up to 800 meters above sea level. The sequences obtained showed 99.4-99.7% homology with SFTS virus S segment sequences from Chinese and Japanese ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Jo
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Shin
- 2 Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Hwa Jheong
- 2 Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang JG, Lee HW, Ko S, Chae JS. Comparative proteomic analysis of outer membrane protein 43 ( omp43)-deficient Bartonella henselae. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:59-70. [PMID: 28693313 PMCID: PMC5799401 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria constitute the first line of defense protecting cells against environmental stresses including chemical, biophysical, and biological attacks. Although the 43-kDa OMP (OMP43) is major porin protein among Bartonella henselae-derived OMPs, its function remains unreported. In this study, OMP43-deficient mutant B. henselae (Δomp43) was generated to investigate OMP43 function. Interestingly, Δomp43 exhibited weaker proliferative ability than that of wild-type (WT) B. henselae. To study the differences in proteomic expression between WT and Δomp43, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic analysis was performed. Based on Clusters of Orthologus Groups functional assignments, 12 proteins were associated with metabolism, 7 proteins associated with information storage and processing, and 3 proteins associated with cellular processing and signaling. By semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, increases in tldD, efp, ntrX, pdhA, purB, and ATPA mRNA expression and decreases in Rho and yfeA mRNA expression were confirmed in Δomp43. In conclusion, this is the first report showing that a loss of OMP43 expression in B. henselae leads to retarded proliferation. Furthermore, our proteomic data provide useful information for the further investigation of mechanisms related to the growth of B. henselae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Kang JG, Oh SS, Jo YS, Chae JB, Cho YK, Chae JS. Molecular Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Korean Domesticated Pigs. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:450-452. [PMID: 29893622 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus in China, Japan, and Korea. Although the incidence of SFTS has been increasing annually since the first SFTSV case was reported in Korea, the prevalence of SFTSV in Korean livestock has not conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SFTSV in domesticated pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) throughout Korea. METHODS A total of 240 sera were collected from 30 domesticated pigs in eight provinces. To detect SFTSV, one-step reverse transcription RT nested PCR was conducted using SFTSV genome-specific primer sets. The amplified PCR products were cloned and then sequenced. RESULTS Four of 240 (1.7%) pig sera tested positive for SFTSV through one-step RT nested PCR. Two of the four obtained sequences were included in the Japanese clade, whereas the other two sequences were related to the Chinese clade based on phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, the obtained SFTSV sequences from this study were distinct from human SFTSV strains. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to attempt the identification of SFTSV sequences from domesticated pigs and the first molecular detection of SFTSV in Korean livestock. Our findings indicate that a new subclade of SFTSV-different from that in humans-may be present in domesticated pigs; the surveillance of SFTSV in livestock is required to better understand the life cycle of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Suck Oh
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Jo
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, exerts a synergistic cytotoxicity with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 in thyroid carcinoma cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:677-689. [PMID: 29147952 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was investigated. METHODS SW1736, TPC-1, 8505C and BCPAP human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. To assess cell survival, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and dead cells, cytotoxic activity, ATP levels and FACS analysis were measured. To validate the impact of gemigliptin combined with PXD101, the interactions were estimated by obtaining combination index in cells treated with two agents. RESULTS In cells treated with gemigliptin or PXD101, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and ATP levels were reduced, and the percentage of dead cells and cytotoxic activity were elevated. In cells treated with both gemigliptin and PXD101, compared with PXD101 alone, cell death was augmented, and all of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between gemigliptin and PXD101. The percentage of apoptotic cells, and the protein levels of Bcl2 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were elevated, and the protein levels of xIAP and survivin were reduced. The protein levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-AMPK were elevated, and cell migration was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that gemigliptin induces cytotoxicity in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, gemigliptin has a synergistic activity with PXD101 in the induction of cell death through involvement of Bcl2 family proteins, xIAP and survivin as well as mediation of Akt and AMPK in thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M G Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Kang JG, Cho YK, Jo YS, Chae JB, Oh SS, Kim KH, Ko MK, Yi J, Choi KS, Yu DH, Kim HC, Park J, Park BK, Choi CY, Jung YH, Chae JS. Prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in the Republic of Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1153-1157. [PMID: 29724620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SFTSV antigens and anti-SFTSV antibodies in black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) throughout the ROK. Sera were collected from 737 black goats in nine provinces in the ROK. Eighteen of 737 (2.4%) goat sera were positive for SFTSV on one-step reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction. The amplified 346-bp S segments of SFTSV sequences were classified into three genotypes (BG1, BG2, and BG3), and were included in the Japanese clade rather than the Chinese clade, based on phylogenetic analysis. Forty-three of 624 (6.9%) serum samples were seropositive for anti-SFTSV antibodies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. This study is the first to examine the molecular prevalence of SFTSV in goats and the first to perform serological detection of anti-SFTSV antibodies in livestock in the ROK. Moreover, the results indicate that SFTSV is widely distributed in goats and that additional monitoring for SFTSV is needed in livestock in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Suck Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Hyung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyung Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kwangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kang JG, Chae JB, Cho YK, Jo YS, Shin NS, Lee H, Choi KS, Yu DH, Park J, Park BK, Chae JS. Molecular Detection of Anaplasma, Bartonella, and Borrelia theileri in Raccoon Dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1061-1068. [PMID: 29436346 PMCID: PMC5928811 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasmosis, cat-scratch disease, and Lyme disease are emerging vector-borne infectious diseases in Korea. Although the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in domestic animals and vector arthropods has been documented, there is limited information on the presence of VBPs in wild animals. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), a wild canid found in East Asia and Europe, represents a potential wildlife reservoir for zoonotic diseases. To investigate the prevalence of VBPs in raccoon dogs, 142 carcasses and 51 blood samples from captured raccoon dogs were collected from 2003 to 2010 and from 2008 to 2009, respectively, in Korea. In addition, 105 Haemaphysalis flava (14 larvae, 43 nymphs, 32 males, and 16 females) and nine Haemaphysalis longicornis (all female) were collected from three raccoon dogs. Samples of the spleen and blood were tested for the presence of VBPs by using nested polymerase chain reaction. Among the samples collected from 193 raccoon dogs and 114 ticks, two samples were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, four for Anaplasma bovis, two for Borrelia theileri, and two for Bartonella henselae. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest survey of raccoon dogs aimed at the analysis of VBPs in this species. Moreover, the present study represents the first identification of A. phagocytophilum, B. henselae, and B. theileri in raccoon dogs in their native habitat (East Asia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Shik Shin
- Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon YW, Jeon TW, Son JI, Kim KY, Kwon EH, Shin SK, Kang JG. Characteristics of PCDDs/PCDFs in stack gas from medical waste incinerators. Chemosphere 2017; 188:478-485. [PMID: 28898780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 45 stack gas samples were measured from 19 medical waste incinerators in South Korea using high-resolution gas chromatography equipped with a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The average concentrations of the sum of 17 toxic PCDD/PCDF congeners emitted from the medical waste incinerators ranged from 0.153 to 101.9 ng/Sm3. Based on the World Health Organization toxic equivalency factor, they ranged from 0.007 to 5.437 ng-TEQ/Sm3. The congener patterns of PCDDs/PCDFs were described using principal component analysis and presented four patterns. In the evaluation of annual average total TEQ concentrations, outlying stack gas samples were excluded. In this study, the number of chlorine substitutions was evaluated as an important factor in congener patterns. Coefficient of determination values were employed for evaluation of correlation between PCDDs and PCDFs. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF was measured as the most emitted congener, while 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the greatest TEQ contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Yoon
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Jeon
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ik Son
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Kim
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kwon
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Shin
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
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Chae JB, Kang JG, Kim HC, Chong ST, Lee IY, Shin NS, Chae JS. Identification of Tick Species Collected from Wild Boars and Habitats of Wild Boars and Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2017; 55:185-191. [PMID: 28506041 PMCID: PMC5450961 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Tick is one of the most important arthropods in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we investigated the abundance and species of ticks associated with swine and their habitats to assess the risk of spread of tick-borne diseases in host species, such as wild boars. Ticks were collected from 24 grazing or traditionally reared domestic pig farms and 8 habitats of wild boars in 8 provinces and 1 city in the Republic of Korea, by using the dragging and flagging methods. Ticks were also collected directly from 49 wild boars by using fine forceps. A total of 9,846 hard ticks were collected, including 4,977 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 4,313 Haemaphysalis flava, 508 Ixodes nipponensis, 1 Ixodes turdus, and 47 Amblyomma testudinarium. A total of 240 hard ticks were collected from 49 wild boars, including 109 H. flava, 84 H. longicornis, and 47 A. testudinarium. A total of 578 hard ticks were collected from areas around domestic pig farms. Only 2 hard tick species, 546 H. longicornis and 32 H. flava, were collected from these areas. A total of 9,028 hard ticks were collected from wild boars of 8 habitats, including 4,347 H. longicornis, 4,172 H. flava, 508 I. nipponensis, and 1 I. turdus. A. testudinarium was collected only from wild boars, and I. nipponensis and I. turdus were collected only from the habitats of wild boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA
| | - In-Yong Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam-Shik Shin
- Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Kang JG, Ko S, Smith WB, Kim HC, Lee IY, Chae JS. Prevalence of Anaplasma, Bartonella and Borrelia Species in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from goats in North Korea. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:207-16. [PMID: 26645342 PMCID: PMC4921669 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
North Korea is located on the northern part of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. While tick-borne pathogens of medical and veterinary importance have been reported from China and South Korea, they have not been reported from North Korea. To screen for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in North Korea, ticks were collected from domestic goats. A total of 292 (27 nymph, 26 male, 239 female) Haemaphysalis (H.) longicornis were collected and assayed individually for selected tick-borne pathogens. A total of 77 (26.4%) were positive for Anaplasma bovis, followed by Bartonella (B.) grahamii (15, 5.1%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (12, 4.1%), Bartonella henselae (10, 3.4%), and Borrelia spp. (3, 1.0%) based on 16S ribosomal RNA and ITS species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction. Using the groEL-based nested PCR, a total of 6 and 1 H. longicornis were positive for B. grahamii and B. henselae, respectively. All products were sequenced and demonstrated 100% identity and homology with previously reported sequences from other countries in GenBank. This is the first report of the detection of tick-borne pathogens in the North Korea and suggests that farm animals may act as reservoirs for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - W Barney Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - In-Yong Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Hwang J, Kang JG, Oh SS, Chae JB, Cho YK, Cho YS, Lee H, Chae JS. Molecular detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in feral cats from Seoul, Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kang JG, Won S, Kim HW, Kim BJ, Park BK, Park TS, Seo HY, Chae JS. Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in terrestrial leeches (Haemadipsa rjukjuana) feeding on human and animal blood in Gageo-do, Republic of Korea. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:326. [PMID: 27267358 PMCID: PMC4897879 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leeches can transmit pathogens and are therefore potentially hazardous to human and animal health. However, only a few studies of diseases transmitted by land leeches have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to analyse which pathogens are carried in Haemadipsa rjukjuana, the first recorded sanguivorous land leech in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Findings A total of 173 H. rjukjuana were collected from Mt. Dock-Sil on Gageo-do Island, ROK during July 2011. Conventional PCR was conducted for analysis of the origin of blood meal, as well as for detection of species of Anaplasma, Bartonella, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia in the leech specimens. Bartonella DNA was detected in eight of the specimens studied based on partial ITS sequence analysis. Seven of the DNA samples were closely related to Bartonella grahamii (99.6–100 % similarity), and one sample exhibited a 90.6 % similarity with Bartonella sp. from Taiwan. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were generated for a total of 35 of the 173 leech internal organ samples. These included sequences of human (n = 10), mouse (n = 8), weasel (n = 6) and bird (n = 11) origin. Of these 35 sequences, 68.5 % were from mammals, including humans, and 31.4 % were from migratory birds that pass through Gageo-do, ROK. Conclusions Although the present study does not provide evidence that leeches indeed transmit Bartonella species to hosts directly, to our knowledge this is the first report on Bartonella DNA being detected from leeches. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of zoonotic pathogen transmission by land leeches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Won
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Baek-Jun Kim
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, Choongcheongnam-do, 33657, South Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 306-764, South Korea
| | - Tae-Seo Park
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 404-708, South Korea
| | - Hong-Yul Seo
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 404-708, South Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Oh SS, Chae JB, Kang JG, Kim HC, Chong ST, Shin JH, Hur MS, Suh JH, Oh MD, Jeong SM, Shin NS, Choi KS, Chae JS. Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Wild Animals and Ixodidae Ticks in the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:408-14. [PMID: 27043361 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel bunyavirus reported to be endemic to central-northeastern China, southern Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). To investigate SFTSV infections, we collected serum samples and ticks from wild animals. Using serum samples and ticks, SFTSV-specific genes were amplified by one-step RT-PCR and nested PCR and sequenced. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed to analyze virus-specific antibody levels in wild animals. Serum samples were collected from a total of 91 animals: 21 Korean water deer (KWD), 3 Siberian roe deer, 5 gorals, 7 raccoon dogs, 54 wild boars (WBs), and 1 carrion crow. The SFTSV infection rate in wild animals was 3.30% (3 of 91 animals: 1 KWD and 2 WBs). The seropositive rate was 6.59% (6 of 91 animals: 5 KWD and 1 WB). A total of 891 ticks (3 species) were collected from 65 wild animals (9 species). Of the attached tick species, Haemaphysalis longicornis (74.86%) was the most abundant, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (20.20%) and Ixodes nipponensis (4.94%). The average minimum infection rate (MIR) of SFTSV in ticks was 4.98%. The MIRs of H. longicornis, H. flava, and I. nipponensis were 4.51%, 2.22%, and 22.73%, respectively. The MIRs of larvae, nymphs, and adult ticks were 0.68%, 6.88%, and 5.53%, respectively. In addition, the MIRs of fed and unfed ticks were 4.67% and 4.96%, respectively. We detected a low SFTSV infection rate in wild animals, no differences in SFTSV infection rate with respect to bloodsucking in ticks, and SFTSV infection for all developmental stages of ticks. This is the first report describing the detection of SFTSV in wild animals in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Suck Oh
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 3 5th Medical Detachment , 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- 3 5th Medical Detachment , 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Shin
- 4 National Institute of Environmental Research , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Suk Hur
- 4 National Institute of Environmental Research , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwa Suh
- 4 National Institute of Environmental Research , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- 5 Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Myoung Jeong
- 6 Biological Diversity Division , Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of Environment, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Shik Shin
- 7 Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- 8 Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University , Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang JG, Ko S, Kim HC, Chong ST, Klein TA, Chae JB, Jo YS, Choi KS, Yu DH, Park BK, Park J, Chae JS. Prevalence of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. in Ticks Collected from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Korean J Parasitol 2016; 54:87-91. [PMID: 26951985 PMCID: PMC4792329 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Deer serve as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens that impact on medical and veterinary health worldwide. In the Republic of Korea, the population of Korean water deer (KWD, Hydropotes inermis argyropus) has greatly increased from 1982 to 2011, in part, as a result of reforestation programs established following the Korean War when much of the land was barren of trees. Eighty seven Haemaphysalis flava, 228 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 8 Ixodes nipponensis, and 40 Ixodes persulcatus (21 larvae, 114 nymphs, and 228 adults) were collected from 27 out of 70 KWD. A total of 89/363 ticks (266 pools, 24.5% minimum infection rate) and 5 (1.4%) fed ticks were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum using nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and groEL genes, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 88/89 (98.9%) of positive samples for A. phagocytophilum corresponded to previously described gene sequences from KWD spleen tissues. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 20/363 (5.5%) of the ticks were positive for A. bovis and were identical to previously reported sequences. Using the ITS specific nested PCR, 11/363 (3.0%) of the ticks were positive for Bartonella spp. This is the first report of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. detected in ticks collected from KWD, suggesting that ticks are vectors of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. between reservoir hosts in natural surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP96205-5247, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP96205-5247, USA
| | - Terry A Klein
- Public Health Command District-Korea, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96205-5281, USA
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Kim S, Lee H, Na S, Jung E, Kang JG, Kim D, Cho SM, Chae H, Chung HK, Kim SB, Lee BW, Kim KE, Lee S, Lee HJ, Kim H, Lee HJ. Enhancement of electrical conductivity of silver nanowires-networked films via the addition of Cs-added TiO2. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:135705. [PMID: 25760426 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/13/135705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a novel method of improving the electrical conductivity of silver nanowires (NWs)-networked films for the application of transparent conductive electrodes. We applied Cs-added TiO2 (TiO2:Cs) nanoparticles onto Ag NWs, which caused the NWs to be neatly welded together through local melting at the junctions, according to our transmission and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Systematic comparison of the sheet resistance of the samples reveals that these welded NWs yielded a significant improvement in conductivity. OLED devices, fabricated by using the NW film planarized via embedding the wires into PMMA, demonstrated device performance was comparable with the reference sample with indium tin oxide electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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Hwang YC, Kang JG, Ahn KJ, Cha BS, Ihm SH, Lee S, Kim M, Lee BW. The glycemic efficacies of insulin analogue regimens according to baseline glycemic status in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes: sub-analysis from the A(1)chieve(®) study. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:1338-44. [PMID: 25284679 PMCID: PMC4491346 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we compared the glucose-lowering effectiveness of insulin analogues and their combination according to baseline glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the A1 chieve(®) study conducted in Korea. METHODS This sub-analysis from the A1 chieve(®) study was a 24-week prospective, multicenter, non-interventional, open-labelled study. Of the 4058 patients, 3074 patients who had their HbA1c level measured at baseline were included in this sub-analysis. We classified patients into three groups according to baseline HbA1c levels: group I (HbA1c < 7.5%), group II (7.5% ≤ HbA1c < 9.0%) and group III (HbA1c ≥ 9.0%). RESULTS Patients in group I showed no significant HbA1c reduction with any insulin regimens (detemir, aspart, detemir and aspart or biphasic aspart 30 (Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark) after 24 weeks of treatment. In group II, although HbA1c was decreased for all insulin regimens, there was no difference in mean HbA1c reduction among the four insulin regimens. In patients with a high baseline HbA1c level (group III), mean HbA1c reduction was the greatest in patients on a basal-bolus regimen (detemir and aspart, -3.50%) and lowest in patients on a bolus regimen (aspart, -1.81%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION For optimal glycaemic control, a basal-bolus regimen may be adequate for Korean patients with poorly controlled T2D (HbA1c ≥ 9.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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Park HY, Kang JG, Choi HH, Hwang SO, Kim WW, Jung JH, Lee YH, Yang JD, Lee SJ. Abstract P2-19-05: Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery with perforator flap in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p2-19-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose : Oncoplastic breast surgery has been used widely as a treatment protocol for breast cancer. Thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap and intercostal artery perforator (ICAP) flap can provide adequate cover without sacrificing any muscle and allow closing of the donor sites in inconspicuous sites. Therefore, among the oncoplastic volume replacement techniques indicated using local flap that can adequately cover the volume of breast, TDAP and ICAP are especially suggested. This study describes the use of TDAP and ICAP flap techniques after breast conserving surgery. Methods : From March 2010 to August 2012, 38 patients with breast cancer received breast reconstruction. All patients who were selected had small- to moderate-sized defects on breasts, middle aged, and were not sensitive to scars. The TDAP flap is the first choice for performing the surgery, but if the perforator of the TDAP flap is not found, a dissection toward the anterior area to find an adequate perforator is made and the serratus anterior artery perforator is normally used. Otherwise after the dissection is performed more anterior, ICAP can be used. If the perforator penetrates the LD muscle, the TDAP flap can be used. The perforator that penetrates from the serratus anterior muscle is also used in the anterior area. Otherwise, ICAP can be used in partial breast reconstruction. The TDAP flap can be applied to any defect site regardless of the size of the defect area. Results : The mean age was 44.9 years and the average follow-up interval was 6 months. The average specimen weight was 98g. Complications developed in 4 cases including 3 cases of venous congestion, though self-limited, and 1 case of wound disruption on the inframammary fold suture area. Majority of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic result.
Conclusion : Thoracodorsal artery perforator flap (TDAP) and intercostal artery perforator flap (ICAP) techniques can be reliable and useful in correcting breast deformity after breast conservation surgery, especially in patients with small- to moderate-sized defects on breasts.
Key Words : intercostal artery perforator flap, thoracodorsal artery perforator flap Oncoplastic surgery, ICAP, TDAP.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-19-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- HY Park
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - JG Kang
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - HH Choi
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - SO Hwang
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - WW Kim
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - JH Jung
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - YH Lee
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - JD Yang
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Lee
- Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea; Hyosung Hospital, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
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Park H, Kang JG, Choi HH, Kim WW, Hwang SO, Jung JH, Lee YH, Kim S. Abstract P5-17-02: Efficiency of methylene blue nanoparticles (nanoMB) as local injectable agent for photodynamic therapy in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p5-17-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive and alternative method for the treatment of cancer, is a light-activated treatment modality for breast cancer. Destruction of cancerous cells by PDT is achieved by a combination of photosensitizer and light of an appropriate wavelength for the photosensitizer.
Methylene blue (MB) is a blue dye clinically being used and is known to show efficient photosensitizing activity with a very high yield of singlet oxygen generation (65%), where singlet oxygen is the actual therapeutic agent for PDT. However MB shows low cell uptake efficiency by itself and thus a low PDT efficacy. In this regard, we developed a nanoformulation of MB (nanoMB) to improve cancer cell uptake efficiency while keeping the high efficiency of singlet oxygen generation. NanoMB is composed of ternary components that are physically assembled in an aqueous milieu.
In this study, we investigated the cellular uptake of nanoMB and cancer cell apoptosis induced by nanoMB PDT in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
In vitro, nanoMB was indeed avidly taken up by MDA-MB231 cells, unlike free MB showing negligible cellular uptake. NanoMB formulation preserved the photosensitization activity of MB under laser irradiation at 655 nm. Taken together, it was revealed from the in vitro microscopic observation that nanoMB can efficiently destroy live MDA-MB231 cells even under red lamp illumination. In the control group, cells were treated with free MB and did not show phototoxic influence under the same light.
In vivo phototoxicity evaluation, the locally injected nanoMB was internalized into cancer cells. Upon annexin V treatment after laser irradiation at 655 nm, apoptosis of cancer cells was clearly observed from the spot where nanoMB and laser were applied together. The PDT-induced cell apoptosis was visualized in a simple mouse model by using fluorescently labeled annexinV that has high affinity toward apoptotic cells.
Briefly, cancer cells were inoculated in muscle on opposite sides and nanoMB was applied to both the inoculation sites. After some time, only one side was laser-treated and fluorescent annexinV was injected to both. Only the dual-treated side (nanoMB + laser) showed retention of annexinV after 1 hour, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis by the PDT treatment.
Free MB and nanoMB were applied by subcutaneous injection around an early tumor tissue (not intratumoral injection). After 1 hour, free MB signals disappeared whereas nanoMB was retained at the tumor, implying that nanoMB penetrated into the tumor through the basement membrane.
Laser irradiation was done one hour after sample injection for both free MB and nanoMB. This treatment (sample + laser) was repeated seven times. According to the results, only nanoMB showed the tumor growth suppression effect, demonstrating the potential of nanoMB as a local injectable PDT agent.
In this study, nanoMB (MBOF) presented avid internalization into live cancer cells while keeping the high photosensitizing efficiency of MB. Consequently, highly efficient PDT of cancer cells was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-17-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Park
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - JG Kang
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - HH Choi
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - WW Kim
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - SO Hwang
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - JH Jung
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - YH Lee
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Kim
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Hyosung Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Akt inhibition enhances the cytotoxic effect of apigenin in combination with PLX4032 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells harboring BRAFV600E. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:1099-104. [PMID: 24084189 DOI: 10.3275/9099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of apigenin in combination with BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4032 on cell survival, and to investigate the influence of Akt inhibition on the combined effect of apigenin and PLX4032 in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E. In 8505C and FRO cells harboring BRAFV600E, after treatment of apigenin and PLX4032, the cell viability decreased, and the percentage of dead cells increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, respectively. In apigenin- and PLX4032- treated cells, compared with apigenin alone-treated cells, the cell viability was lessened, and the percentage of dead cells was multiplied. In the addition of PLX4032 to apigenin, compared with the treatment of apigenin alone, the protein levels of cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were elevated, and phospho-ERK protein levels were reduced, and the protein levels of total ERK, c-Myc, BRAF, phospho-Akt, phospho-p70S6K and phospho-4EBP1 were not varied. Compared with the treatment of PLX4032 alone, phosphop70S6K protein levels were reduced, and the other protein levels were not altered. Phospho-ERK protein levels were reduced only in 8505C cells. Under the co-treatment of apigenin and PLX4032, administration of the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin further decreased the cell viability, and increased the percentage of dead cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that PLX4032 augments apigenin-induced cytotoxicity in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E. Moreover, Akt suppression potentiates the combined effect of apigenin and PLX4032 in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-704, Republic of Korea
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Ko S, Kang JG, Yeh JY, Moon JS, Choi GC, Won S, Chae JS. First Report on Molecular Detection of Equine Upper Respiratory Infectious Viruses in Republic of Korea. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kim BJ, Kim SJ, Kang JG, Ko S, Won S, Kim H, Kim HC, Kim MS, Chong ST, Klein TA, Lee S, Chae JS. First Report for the Seasonal and Annual Prevalence of Flea-BorneBartonellafrom Rodents and Soricomorphs in the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:457-67. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baek-Jun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyun Won
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA
| | - Myung-Soon Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA
| | - Terry A. Klein
- Public Health Command Region-Pacific, Camp Zama, Japan, 65thMedical Brigade Unit 15281, APO AP 96205-5244, USA
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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