1
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Medina Gomez S, Visco I, Merino F, Bieling P, Linser R. Transient Structural Properties of the Rho GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403941. [PMID: 38853146 PMCID: PMC7616425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Rho GTPases, master spatial regulators of a wide range of cellular processes, are orchestrated by complex formation with guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs). These have been thought to possess an unstructured N-terminus that inhibits nucleotide exchange of their client upon binding/folding. Via NMR analyses, molecular dynamics simulations, and biochemical assays, we reveal instead pertinent structural properties transiently maintained both, in the presence and absence of the client, imposed onto the terminus context-specifically by modulating interactions with the surface of the folded C-terminal domain. These observations revise the long-standing textbook picture of the GTPases' mechanism of membrane extraction. Rather than by a disorder-to-order transition upon binding of an inhibitory peptide, the intricate and highly selective extraction process of RhoGTPases is orchestrated via a dynamic ensemble bearing preformed transient structural properties, suitably modulated by the specific surrounding along the multi-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Medina Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ilaria Visco
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute of Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bieling
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rasmus Linser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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2
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Chomchai D, Leda M, Golding A, von Dassow G, Bement WM, Goryachev AB. Testing models of cell cortex wave generation by Rho GTPases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591685. [PMID: 38746143 PMCID: PMC11092441 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Rho GTPases pattern the cell cortex in a variety of fundamental cell-morphogenetic processes including division, wound repair, and locomotion. It has recently become apparent that this patterning arises from the ability of the Rho GTPases to self-organize into static and migrating spots, contractile pulses, and propagating waves in cells from yeasts to mammals 1 . These self-organizing Rho GTPase patterns have been explained by a variety of theoretical models which require multiple interacting positive and negative feedback loops. However, it is often difficult, if not impossible, to discriminate between different models simply because the available experimental data do not simultaneously capture the dynamics of multiple molecular concentrations and biomechanical variables at fine spatial and temporal resolution. Specifically, most studies typically provide either the total Rho GTPase signal or the Rho GTPase activity as reported by various sensors, but not both. Therefore, it remains largely unknown how membrane accumulation of Rho GTPases (i.e., Rho membrane enrichment) is related to Rho activity. Here we dissect the dynamics of RhoA by simultaneously imaging both total RhoA and active RhoA in the regime of acute cortical excitability 2 , characterized by pronounced waves of Rho activity and F-actin polymerization 3-5 . We find that within nascent waves, accumulation of active RhoA precedes that of total RhoA, and we exploit this finding to distinguish between two popular theoretical models previously used to explain propagating cortical Rho waves.
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3
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Ramanujan A, Li Z, Ma Y, Lin Z, Ibáñez CF. RhoGDI phosphorylation by PKC promotes its interaction with death receptor p75 NTR to gate axon growth and neuron survival. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1490-1512. [PMID: 38253689 PMCID: PMC10933337 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
How receptors juggle their interactions with multiple downstream effectors remains poorly understood. Here we show that the outcome of death receptor p75NTR signaling is determined through competition of effectors for interaction with its intracellular domain, in turn dictated by the nature of the ligand. While NGF induces release of RhoGDI through recruitment of RIP2, thus decreasing RhoA activity in favor of NFkB signaling, MAG induces PKC-mediated phosphorylation of the RhoGDI N-terminus, promoting its interaction with the juxtamembrane domain of p75NTR, disengaging RIP2, and enhancing RhoA activity in detriment of NF-kB. This results in stunted neurite outgrowth and apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. If presented simultaneously, MAG prevails over NGF. The NMR solution structure of the complex between the RhoGDI N-terminus and p75NTR juxtamembrane domain reveals previously unknown structures of these proteins and clarifies the mechanism of p75NTR activation. These results show how ligand-directed competition between RIP2 and RhoGDI for p75NTR engagement determine axon growth and neuron survival. Similar principles are likely at work in other receptors engaging multiple effectors and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeena Ramanujan
- Department of Physiology and Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanchen Ma
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Life Science Park, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of Physiology and Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore, Singapore.
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Life Science Park, 102206, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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4
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Zhang JZ, Nguyen WH, Greenwood N, Rose JC, Ong SE, Maly DJ, Baker D. Computationally designed sensors detect endogenous Ras activity and signaling effectors at subcellular resolution. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-02107-w. [PMID: 38273065 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The utility of genetically encoded biosensors for sensing the activity of signaling proteins has been hampered by a lack of strategies for matching sensor sensitivity to the physiological concentration range of the target. Here we used computational protein design to generate intracellular sensors of Ras activity (LOCKR-based Sensor for Ras activity (Ras-LOCKR-S)) and proximity labelers of the Ras signaling environment (LOCKR-based, Ras activity-dependent Proximity Labeler (Ras-LOCKR-PL)). These tools allow the detection of endogenous Ras activity and labeling of the surrounding environment at subcellular resolution. Using these sensors in human cancer cell lines, we identified Ras-interacting proteins in oncogenic EML4-Alk granules and found that Src-Associated in Mitosis 68-kDa (SAM68) protein specifically enhances Ras activity in the granules. The ability to subcellularly localize endogenous Ras activity should deepen our understanding of Ras function in health and disease and may suggest potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - William H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Greenwood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John C Rose
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dustin J Maly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Sinha K, Kumawat A, Jang H, Nussinov R, Chakrabarty S. Molecular mechanism of regulation of RhoA GTPase by phosphorylation of RhoGDI. Biophys J 2024; 123:57-67. [PMID: 37978802 PMCID: PMC10808049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) play a crucial role in the regulation of Rho family GTPases. They act as negative regulators that prevent the activation of Rho GTPases by forming complexes with the inactive GDP-bound state of GTPase. Release of Rho GTPase from the RhoGDI-bound complex is necessary for Rho GTPase activation. Biochemical studies provide evidence of a "phosphorylation code," where phosphorylation of some specific residues of RhoGDI selectively releases its GTPase partner (RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42, etc.). This work attempts to understand the molecular mechanism behind this specific phosphorylation-induced reduction in binding affinity. Using several microseconds long atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the wild-type and phosphorylated states of the RhoA-RhoGDI complex, we propose a molecular-interaction-based mechanistic model for the dissociation of the complex. Phosphorylation induces major structural changes, particularly in the positively charged polybasic region (PBR) of RhoA and the negatively charged N-terminal region of RhoGDI that contribute most to the binding affinity. Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area binding energy calculations show a significant weakening of interaction on phosphorylation at the RhoA-specific site of RhoGDI. In contrast, phosphorylation at a Rac1-specific site does not affect the overall binding affinity significantly, which confirms the presence of a phosphorylation code. RhoA-specific phosphorylation leads to a reduction in the number of contacts between the PBR of RhoA and the N-terminal region of RhoGDI, which manifests a reduction of the binding affinity. Using hydrogen bond occupancy analysis and energetic perturbation network, we propose a mechanistic model for the allosteric response, i.e., long-range signal propagation from the site of phosphorylation to the PBR and buried geranylgeranyl group in the form of rearrangement and rewiring of hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. Our results highlight the crucial role of specific electrostatic interactions in manifestation of the phosphorylation code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumawat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Suman Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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6
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de Seze J, Gatin J, Coppey M. RhoA regulation in space and time. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:836-849. [PMID: 36658753 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RhoGTPases are well known for being controllers of cell cytoskeleton and share common features in the way they act and are controlled. These include their switch from GDP to GTP states, their regulations by different guanine exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins and guanosine dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), and their similar structure of active sites/membrane anchors. These very similar features often lead to the common consideration that the differences in their biological effects mainly arise from the different types of regulators and specific effectors associated with each GTPase. Focusing on data obtained through biosensors, live cell microscopy and recent optogenetic approaches, we highlight in this review that the regulation of RhoA appears to depart from Cdc42 and Rac1 modes of regulation through its enhanced lability at the plasma membrane. RhoA presents a high dynamic turnover at the membrane that is regulated not only by GDIs but also by GEFs, effectors and a possible soluble conformational state. This peculiarity of RhoA regulation may be important for the specificities of its functions, such as the existence of activity waves or its putative dual role in the initiation of protrusions and contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Seze
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Gatin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coppey
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
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7
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Kai L, Sonal, Heermann T, Schwille P. Reconstitution of a Reversible Membrane Switch via Prenylation by One-Pot Cell-Free Expression. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 12:108-119. [PMID: 36445320 PMCID: PMC9872162 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reversible membrane targeting of proteins is one of the key regulators of cellular interaction networks, for example, for signaling and polarization. So-called "membrane switches" are thus highly attractive targets for the design of minimal cells but have so far been tricky to reconstitute in vitro. Here, we introduce cell-free prenylated protein synthesis (CFpPS), which enables the synthesis and membrane targeting of proteins in a single reaction mix including the prenylation machinery. CFpPS can confer membrane affinity to any protein via addition of a 4-peptide motif to its C-terminus and offers robust production of prenylated proteins not only in their soluble forms but also in the direct vicinity of biomimetic membranes. Thus, CFpPS enabled us to reconstitute the prenylated polarity hub Cdc42 and its regulatory protein in vitro, implementing a key membrane switch. We propose CFpPS to be a versatile and effective platform for engineering complex features, such as polarity induction, in synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kai
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany,School
of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, 221116 Xuzhou, P. R. China,. Phone: +86 15852001351
| | - Sonal
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany,Biosciences
Division, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, U.K.
| | - Tamara Heermann
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany,. Phone: +49 89 8578 2900
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9
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Huang Q, Xie J, Seetharaman J. Crystal Structure of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rho1 Reveals Its Evolutionary Relationship with Other Rho GTPases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111627. [PMID: 36358328 PMCID: PMC9687936 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Rho family of proteins are involved in cytoskeletal organization, cell mobility and polarity, and are implicated in cancer morphogenesis. The structure and function of the Rho homologs from higher-level organisms are well studied, but not from the lower-level organisms. Such as over 95% of the known structures of Rho GTPases are from higher-order mammalian organisms, with only three structures of Rho homologs reported to date from lower-level, single-celled organisms. In this paper we report the crystal structure of Rho1 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, also called fission yeast (SpRho1), in complex with GDP in the presence of Mg2+ at 2.63-Å resolution, to broaden our understanding of Rho homologs in lower-level organisms. Although the overall structure is similar to that of known Rho homologs, we observed subtle differences at the Switch I and II regions, in β2 and β3, and in the Rho insert domain and loop from Phe107 to Pro112. Combined with literature and sequence analyses, we suggest that the Switch regions and Rho insert domain may contribute to downstream kinase activation in different species through their interactions with different effectors and regulators; and the conservation and divergence of Rho GTPases among difference species and provide evolutionary insight for SpRho1. While many studies have reported the evolutionary development of Rho GTPases based on their amino acid sequences, the present study, for the first time, explores these evolutionary aspects based on structure. Our analysis indicates that SpRho is evolutionarily closer to HsRhoC than HsRhoA, as previously believed. Abstract The Rho protein, a homolog of Ras, is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Rho family proteins are involved in cytoskeletal organization, cell mobility, and polarity, and are implicated in cancer morphogenesis. Although Rho homologs from higher-order mammalian organisms are well studied, there are few studies examining Rho proteins in lower-level single-celled organisms. Here, we report on the crystal structure of Rho1 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpRho1) in complex with GDP in the presence of Mg2+ at a 2.78 Å resolution. The overall structure is similar to that of known Rho homologs, including human RhoA, human RhoC, and Aspergillus fumigatus Rho1 (AfRho1), with some exceptions. We observed subtle differences at the Switch I and II regions, in β2 and β3, and in the Rho insert domain and loop from Phe107 to Pro112. Our analysis suggests that SpRho is evolutionarily closer to HsRhoC than HsRhoA, as previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiarong Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jayaraman Seetharaman
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Akbarzadeh M, Flegel J, Patil S, Shang E, Narayan R, Buchholzer M, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Grigalunas M, Krzyzanowski A, Abegg D, Shuster A, Potowski M, Karatas H, Karageorgis G, Mosaddeghzadeh N, Zischinsky M, Merten C, Golz C, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP, Janning P, Adibekian A, Goody RS, Ahmadian MR, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. The Pseudo-Natural Product Rhonin Targets RHOGDI. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115193. [PMID: 35170181 PMCID: PMC9313812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For the discovery of novel chemical matter generally endowed with bioactivity, strategies may be particularly efficient that combine previous insight about biological relevance, e.g., natural product (NP) structure, with methods that enable efficient coverage of chemical space, such as fragment-based design. We describe the de novo combination of different 5-membered NP-derived N-heteroatom fragments to structurally unprecedented "pseudo-natural products" in an efficient complexity-generating and enantioselective one-pot synthesis sequence. The pseudo-NPs inherit characteristic elements of NP structure but occupy areas of chemical space not covered by NP-derived chemotypes, and may have novel biological targets. Investigation of the pseudo-NPs in unbiased phenotypic assays and target identification led to the discovery of the first small-molecule ligand of the RHO GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1 (RHOGDI1), termed Rhonin. Rhonin inhibits the binding of the RHOGDI1 chaperone to GDP-bound RHO GTPases and alters the subcellular localization of RHO GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.0540225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Sumersing Patil
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Erchang Shang
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- School of Chemical and Materials SciencesIIT Goa, FarmagudiPondaGoa-403401India
| | - Marcel Buchholzer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.0540225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.0540225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute130 Scripps WayJupiterFL 33458USA
| | - Anton Shuster
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute130 Scripps WayJupiterFL 33458USA
| | - Marco Potowski
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - George Karageorgis
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Niloufar Mosaddeghzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.0540225DüsseldorfGermany
| | | | - Christian Merten
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryOrganic Chemistry IIRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Lucas Brieger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute130 Scripps WayJupiterFL 33458USA
| | - Roger S. Goody
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.0540225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
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11
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Akbarzadeh M, Flegel J, Patil S, Shang E, Narayan R, Buchholzer M, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Grigalunas M, Krzyzanowski A, Abegg D, Shuster A, Potowski M, Karatas H, Karageorgis G, Mosaddeghzadeh N, Zischinsky M, Merten C, Golz C, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP, Janning P, Adibekian A, Goody RS, Ahmadian MR, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. The Pseudo‐Natural Product Rhonin Targets RHOGDI. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.05 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sumersing Patil
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Erchang Shang
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences IIT Goa, Farmagudi Ponda Goa-403401 India
| | - Marcel Buchholzer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.05 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.05 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Anton Shuster
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Marco Potowski
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - George Karageorgis
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Niloufar Mosaddeghzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.05 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Christian Merten
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Organic Chemistry II Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lucas Brieger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Roger S. Goody
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.05 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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12
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Electrostatic Forces Mediate the Specificity of RHO GTPase-GDI Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212493. [PMID: 34830380 PMCID: PMC8622166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three decades of research have documented the spatiotemporal dynamics of RHO family GTPase membrane extraction regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), but the interplay of the kinetic mechanism and structural specificity of these interactions is as yet unresolved. To address this, we reconstituted the GDI-controlled spatial segregation of geranylgeranylated RHO protein RAC1 in vitro. Various biochemical and biophysical measurements provided unprecedented mechanistic details for GDI function with respect to RHO protein dynamics. We determined that membrane extraction of RHO GTPases by GDI occurs via a 3-step mechanism: (1) GDI non-specifically associates with the switch regions of the RHO GTPases; (2) an electrostatic switch determines the interaction specificity between the C-terminal polybasic region of RHO GTPases and two distinct negatively-charged clusters of GDI1; (3) a non-specific displacement of geranylgeranyl moiety from the membrane sequesters it into a hydrophobic cleft, effectively shielding it from the aqueous milieu. This study substantially extends the model for the mechanism of GDI-regulated RHO GTPase extraction from the membrane, and could have implications for clinical studies and drug development.
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13
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Kalim KW, Yang JQ, Modur V, Nguyen P, Li Y, Zheng Y, Guo F. Graded RhoA GTPase Expression in Treg Cells Distinguishes Tumor Immunity From Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726393. [PMID: 34721389 PMCID: PMC8554290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA of the Rho GTPase family is prenylated at its C-terminus. Prenylation of RhoA has been shown to control T helper 17 (Th17) cell-mediated colitis. By characterizing T cell-specific RhoA conditional knockout mice, we have recently shown that RhoA is required for Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation and Th2/Th17 cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation. It remains unclear whether RhoA plays a cell-intrinsic role in regulatory T (Treg) cells that suppress effector T cells such as Th2/Th17 cells to maintain immune tolerance and to promote tumor immune evasion. Here we have generated Treg cell-specific RhoA-deficient mice. We found that homozygous RhoA deletion in Treg cells led to early, fatal systemic inflammatory disorders. The autoimmune responses came from an increase in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and in effector T cells including Th17, Th1 and Th2 cells. The immune activation was due to impaired Treg cell homeostasis and increased Treg cell plasticity. Interestingly, heterozygous RhoA deletion in Treg cells did not affect Treg cell homeostasis nor cause systemic autoimmunity but induced Treg cell plasticity and an increase in effector T cells. Importantly, heterozygous RhoA deletion significantly inhibited tumor growth, which was associated with tumor-infiltrating Treg cell plasticity and increased tumor-infiltrating effector T cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that graded RhoA expression in Treg cells distinguishes tumor immunity from autoimmunity and that rational targeting of RhoA in Treg cells may trigger anti-tumor T cell immunity without causing autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid W Kalim
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jun-Qi Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vishnu Modur
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yuan Li
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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14
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Conformational Insights into the Control of CNF1 Toxin Activity by Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerization: A Molecular Dynamics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810129. [PMID: 34576292 PMCID: PMC8467853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) toxin from uropathogenic Escherichia coli constitutively activates Rho GTPases by catalyzing the deamidation of a critical glutamine residue located in the switch II (SWII). In crystallographic structures of the CNF1 catalytic domain (CNF1CD), surface-exposed P768 and P968 peptidyl-prolyl imide bonds (X-Pro) adopt an unusual cis conformation. Here, we show that mutation of each proline residue into glycine abrogates CNF1CD in vitro deamidase activity, while mutant forms of CNF1 remain functional on RhoA in cells. Using molecular dynamics simulations coupled to protein-peptide docking, we highlight the long-distance impact of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization on the network of interactions between the loops bordering the entrance of the catalytic cleft. The energetically favorable isomerization of P768 compared with P968, induces an enlargement of loop L1 that fosters the invasion of CNF1CD catalytic cleft by a peptide encompassing SWII of RhoA. The connection of the P968 cis isomer to the catalytic cysteine C866 via a ladder of stacking interactions is alleviated along the cis-trans isomerization. Finally, the cis-trans conversion of P768 favors a switch of the thiol side chain of C866 from a resting to an active orientation. The long-distance impact of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerizations is expected to have implications for target modification.
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15
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Molecular subversion of Cdc42 signalling in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1425-1442. [PMID: 34196668 PMCID: PMC8412110 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, controlling cell motility, polarity and cell cycle progression. This small G protein and its regulators have been the subject of many years of fruitful investigation and the advent of functional genomics and proteomics has opened up new avenues of exploration including how it functions at specific locations in the cell. This has coincided with the introduction of new structural techniques with the ability to study small GTPases in the context of the membrane. The role of Cdc42 in cancer is well established but the molecular details of its action are still being uncovered. Here we review alterations found to Cdc42 itself and to key components of the signal transduction pathways it controls in cancer. Given the challenges encountered with targeting small G proteins directly therapeutically, it is arguably the regulators of Cdc42 and the effector signalling pathways downstream of the small G protein which will be the most tractable targets for therapeutic intervention. These will require interrogation in order to fully understand the global signalling contribution of Cdc42, unlock the potential for mapping new signalling axes and ultimately produce inhibitors of Cdc42 driven signalling.
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16
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Ahmad Mokhtar AM, Ahmed SBM, Darling NJ, Harris M, Mott HR, Owen D. A Complete Survey of RhoGDI Targets Reveals Novel Interactions with Atypical Small GTPases. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1533-1551. [PMID: 33913706 PMCID: PMC8253491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are three RhoGDIs in mammalian cells, which were initially defined as negative regulators of Rho family small GTPases. However, it is now accepted that RhoGDIs not only maintain small GTPases in their inactive GDP-bound form but also act as chaperones for small GTPases, targeting them to specific intracellular membranes and protecting them from degradation. Studies to date with RhoGDIs have usually focused on the interactions between the "typical" or "classical" small GTPases, such as the Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 subfamily members, and either the widely expressed RhoGDI-1 or the hematopoietic-specific RhoGDI-2. Less is known about the third member of the family, RhoGDI-3 and its interacting partners. RhoGDI-3 has a unique N-terminal extension and is found to localize in both the cytoplasm and the Golgi. RhoGDI-3 has been shown to target RhoB and RhoG to endomembranes. In order to facilitate a more thorough understanding of RhoGDI function, we undertook a systematic study to determine all possible Rho family small GTPases that interact with the RhoGDIs. RhoGDI-1 and RhoGDI-2 were found to have relatively restricted activity, mainly binding members of the Rho and Rac subfamilies. RhoGDI-3 displayed wider specificity, interacting with the members of Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 subfamilies but also forming complexes with "atypical" small Rho GTPases such as Wrch2/RhoV, Rnd2, Miro2, and RhoH. Levels of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, RhoH, and Wrch2/RhoV bound to GTP were found to decrease following coexpression with RhoGDI-3, confirming its role as a negative regulator of these small Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helen R. Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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17
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High Throughput strategies Aimed at Closing the GAP in Our Knowledge of Rho GTPase Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061430. [PMID: 32526908 PMCID: PMC7348934 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, Rho GTPases have emerged as key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In humans, there are 20 Rho GTPases and more than 150 regulators that belong to the RhoGEF, RhoGAP, and RhoGDI families. Throughout development, Rho GTPases choregraph a plethora of cellular processes essential for cellular migration, cell–cell junctions, and cell polarity assembly. Rho GTPases are also significant mediators of cancer cell invasion. Nevertheless, to date only a few molecules from these intricate signaling networks have been studied in depth, which has prevented appreciation for the full scope of Rho GTPases’ biological functions. Given the large complexity involved, system level studies are required to fully grasp the extent of their biological roles and regulation. Recently, several groups have tackled this challenge by using proteomic approaches to map the full repertoire of Rho GTPases and Rho regulators protein interactions. These studies have provided in-depth understanding of Rho regulators specificity and have contributed to expand Rho GTPases’ effector portfolio. Additionally, new roles for understudied family members were unraveled using high throughput screening strategies using cell culture models and mouse embryos. In this review, we highlight theses latest large-scale efforts, and we discuss the emerging opportunities that may lead to the next wave of discoveries.
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18
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Golding AE, Visco I, Bieling P, Bement WM. Extraction of active RhoGTPases by RhoGDI regulates spatiotemporal patterning of RhoGTPases. eLife 2019; 8:e50471. [PMID: 31647414 PMCID: PMC6910828 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The RhoGTPases are characterized as membrane-associated molecular switches that cycle between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound states. However, 90-95% of RhoGTPases are maintained in a soluble form by RhoGDI, which is generally viewed as a passive shuttle for inactive RhoGTPases. Our current understanding of RhoGTPase:RhoGDI dynamics has been limited by two experimental challenges: direct visualization of the RhoGTPases in vivo and reconstitution of the cycle in vitro. We developed methods to directly image vertebrate RhoGTPases in vivo or on lipid bilayers in vitro. Using these methods, we identified pools of active and inactive RhoGTPase associated with the membrane, found that RhoGDI can extract both inactive and active RhoGTPases, and found that extraction of active RhoGTPase contributes to their spatial regulation around cell wounds. These results indicate that RhoGDI directly contributes to the spatiotemporal patterning of RhoGTPases by removing active RhoGTPases from the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Golding
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Ilaria Visco
- Department of Systemic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Peter Bieling
- Department of Systemic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - William M Bement
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
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19
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Edler E, Stein M. Recognition and stabilization of geranylgeranylated human Rab5 by the GDP Dissociation Inhibitor (GDI). Small GTPases 2019; 10:227-242. [PMID: 29065764 PMCID: PMC6548291 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1371268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab5 is the key regulator of early endosomal fusion. It is post-translationally modified by covalent attachment of two geranylgeranyl (GG) chains to adjacent cysteine residues of the C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR). The GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) recognizes membrane-associated Rab5(GDP) and serves to release it into the cytoplasm where it is kept in a soluble state. A detailed new structural and dynamic model for human Rab5(GDP) recognition and binding with human GDI at the early endosome membrane and in its dissociated state is presented. In the cytoplasm, the GDI protein accommodates the GG chains in a transient hydrophobic binding pocket. In solution, two different binding modes of the isoprenoid chains inserted into the hydrophobic pocket of the Rab5(GDP):GDI complex can be identified. This equilibrium between the two states helps to stabilize the protein-protein complex in solution. Interprotein contacts between the Rab5 switch regions and characteristic patches of GDI residues from the Rab binding platform (RBP) and the C-terminus coordinating region (CCR) reveal insight on the formation of such a stable complex. GDI binding to membrane-anchored Rab5(GDP) is initially mediated by the solvent accessible switch regions of the Rab-specific RBP. Formation of the membrane-associated Rab5(GDP):GDI complex induces a GDI reorientation to establish additional interactions with the Rab5 HVR. These results allow to devise a detailed structural model for the process of extraction of GG-Rab5(GDP) by GDI from the membrane and the dissociation from targeting factors and effector proteins prior to GDI binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Edler
- Molecular Simulations and Design Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Molecular Simulations and Design Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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20
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Zhang X, Cao S, Barila G, Edreira MM, Hong K, Wankhede M, Naim N, Buck M, Altschuler DL. Cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) is a prenyl-binding partner of Rap1 GTPase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7659-7673. [PMID: 29618512 PMCID: PMC5961064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1 proteins are members of the Ras subfamily of small GTPases involved in many biological responses, including adhesion, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Like all small GTPases, they work as molecular allosteric units that are active in signaling only when associated with the proper membrane compartment. Prenylation, occurring in the cytosol, is an enzymatic posttranslational event that anchors small GTPases at the membrane, and prenyl-binding proteins are needed to mask the cytoplasm-exposed lipid during transit to the target membrane. However, several of these proteins still await discovery. In this study, we report that cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) binds Rap1. We found that this binding is GTP-independent, does not involve Rap1's effector domain, and is fully contained in its C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR). Furthermore, Rap1 prenylation was required for high-affinity interactions with CAP1 in a geranylgeranyl-specific manner. The prenyl binding specifically involved CAP1's C-terminal hydrophobic β-sheet domain. We present a combination of experimental and computational approaches, yielding a model whereby the high-affinity binding between Rap1 and CAP1 involves electrostatic and nonpolar side-chain interactions between Rap1's HVR residues, lipid, and CAP1 β-sheet domain. The binding was stabilized by the lipid insertion into the β-solenoid whose interior was occupied by nonpolar side chains. This model was reminiscent of the recently solved structure of the PDEδ-K-Ras complex; accordingly, disruptors of this complex, e.g. deltarasin, blocked the Rap1-CAP1 interaction. These findings indicate that CAP1 is a geranylgeranyl-binding partner of Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Shufen Cao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44116
| | - Guillermo Barila
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Martin M Edreira
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Kyoungja Hong
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Mamta Wankhede
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Nyla Naim
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Matthias Buck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44116
| | - Daniel L Altschuler
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
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21
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Qureshi BM, Schmidt A, Behrmann E, Bürger J, Mielke T, Spahn CMT, Heck M, Scheerer P. Mechanistic insights into the role of prenyl-binding protein PrBP/δ in membrane dissociation of phosphodiesterase 6. Nat Commun 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 29311697 PMCID: PMC5758567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprenylated proteins are associated with membranes and their inter-compartmental distribution is regulated by solubilization factors, which incorporate lipid moieties in hydrophobic cavities and thereby facilitate free diffusion during trafficking. Here we report the crystal structure of a solubilization factor, the prenyl-binding protein (PrBP/δ), at 1.81 Å resolution in its ligand-free apo-form. Apo-PrBP/δ harbors a preshaped, deep hydrophobic cavity, capacitating apo-PrBP/δ to readily bind its prenylated cargo. To investigate the molecular mechanism of cargo solubilization we analyzed the PrBP/δ-induced membrane dissociation of rod photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6). The results suggest that PrBP/δ exclusively interacts with the soluble fraction of PDE6. Depletion of soluble species in turn leads to dissociation of membrane-bound PDE6, as both are in equilibrium. This “solubilization by depletion” mechanism of PrBP/δ differs from the extraction of prenylated proteins by the similar folded solubilization factor RhoGDI, which interacts with membrane bound cargo via an N-terminal structural element lacking in PrBP/δ. The prenyl-binding protein PrBP/δ is a solubilization factor involved in trafficking of prenylated proteins. Here the authors present the ligand-free apo-PrBP/δ structure and propose a "solubilization by depletion" mechanism, where PrBP/δ sequesters only soluble rod photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6), leading to a dissociation of membrane-bound PDE6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal M Qureshi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Cryo Electron Microscopy, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Enzyme Kinetics, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elmar Behrmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Cryo Electron Microscopy, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Research Group Structural Dynamics of Proteins, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry-Structural Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Bürger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Cryo Electron Microscopy, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,UltraStrukturNetzwerk, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mielke
- UltraStrukturNetzwerk, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M T Spahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Cryo Electron Microscopy, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Heck
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Enzyme Kinetics, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Aramsangtienchai P, Tong Z, Lin H. Protein Lipidation: Occurrence, Mechanisms, Biological Functions, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:919-988. [PMID: 29292991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipidation, including cysteine prenylation, N-terminal glycine myristoylation, cysteine palmitoylation, and serine and lysine fatty acylation, occurs in many proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulates numerous biological pathways, such as membrane trafficking, protein secretion, signal transduction, and apoptosis. We provide a comprehensive review of protein lipidation, including descriptions of proteins known to be modified and the functions of the modifications, the enzymes that control them, and the tools and technologies developed to study them. We also highlight key questions about protein lipidation that remain to be answered, the challenges associated with answering such questions, and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhen Tong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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23
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Woldu SL, Hutchinson RC, Krabbe LM, Sanli O, Margulis V. The Rho GTPase signalling pathway in urothelial carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:83-91. [PMID: 29133936 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma remains a clinical challenge: non-muscle-invasive disease has a high rate of recurrence and risk of progression, and outcomes for patients with advanced disease are poor, owing to a lack of effective systemic therapies. The Rho GTPase family of enzymes was first identified >30 years ago and contains >20 members, which are divided into eight subfamilies: Cdc42, Rac, Rho, RhoUV, RhoBTB, RhoDF, RhoH, and Rnd. Rho GTPases are molecular on-off switches, which are increasingly being understood to have a critical role in a number of cellular processes, including cell migration, cell polarity, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, and regulation of the cytoskeleton. This switch is an evolutionarily conserved system in which GTPases alternate between GDP-bound (inactive) and GTP-bound (active) forms. The activities of these Rho GTPases are many, context-dependent, and regulated by a number of proteins that are being progressively elucidated. Aberrations of the Rho GTPase signalling pathways have been implicated in various malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma, and understanding of the role of Rho GTPases in these diseases is increasing. This signalling pathway has the potential for therapeutic targeting in urothelial carcinoma. Research in this area is nascent, and much work is necessary before current laboratory-based research can be translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon L Woldu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA
| | - Ryan C Hutchinson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA
| | - Laura-Maria Krabbe
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA
| | - Oner Sanli
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA
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24
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Ismail S. A GDI/GDF-like system for sorting and shuttling ciliary proteins. Small GTPases 2017; 8:208-211. [PMID: 27487321 PMCID: PMC5680679 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1213782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post/co-translational modifications by the addition of lipids take place in a vast number of proteins. Rab and Rho are small G proteins which are prenylated and targeted to membranes in complex with solubilizing factors called guanosine dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). The release of Rab and Rho at the correct destination from their cognate GDI has been proposed to be mediated through GDI displacement factors. However this mechanism is yet to be established and it has been shown that loading of Rab proteins with GTP at the destination can be sufficient for their correct targeting. PDE6D shares structural homology with Rho GDI and solubilises several prenylated proteins and mediate their targeting to different destinations including cilia. In a paper published by Fansa et al, the authors propose that sorting of cargo is dependent on the differential release by bona fide GDFs, Arl2 and Arl3, and the localization of the active Arl3GTP in cilia.
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25
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Kuhlmann N, Chollet C, Baldus L, Neundorf I, Lammers M. Development of Substrate-Derived Sirtuin Inhibitors with Potential Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1703-1714. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kuhlmann
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, CECAD; University of Cologne; Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Constance Chollet
- Institute for Biochemistry; University of Cologne; Zülpicher Straße 47 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Linda Baldus
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, CECAD; University of Cologne; Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Institute for Biochemistry; University of Cologne; Zülpicher Straße 47 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, CECAD; University of Cologne; Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26 50931 Cologne Germany
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26
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Vetter IR. Interface analysis of small GTP binding protein complexes suggests preferred membrane orientations. Biol Chem 2017; 398:637-651. [PMID: 28002022 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of small GTP binding protein complexes with their effectors and regulators reveal that one particularly flat side of the G domain that contains helix α4 and the C-terminal helix α5 is practically devoid of contacts. Although this observation seems trivial as the main binding targets are the switch I and II regions opposite of this side, the fact that all interacting proteins, even the largest ones, seem to avoid occupying this area (except for Ran, that does not localize to membranes) is very striking. An orientation with this 'flat' side parallel to the membrane was proposed before and would allow simultaneous interaction of the lipidated C-terminus and positive charges in the α4 helix with the membrane while being bound to effector or regulator molecules. Furthermore, this 'flat' side might be involved in regulatory mechanisms: a Ras dimer that is found in different crystal forms interacts exactly at this side. Additional interface analysis of GTPase complexes nicely confirms the effect of different flexibilities of the GTP and GDP forms. Besides Ran proteins, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) bury the largest surface areas to provide the binding energy to open up the switch regions for nucleotide exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid R Vetter
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, D-44227 Dortmund
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27
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Yang A, Pantoom S, Wu YW. Elucidation of the anti-autophagy mechanism of the Legionella effector RavZ using semisynthetic LC3 proteins. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28395732 PMCID: PMC5388539 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process involved in the elimination of proteins and organelles. It is also used to combat infection with pathogenic microbes. The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila manipulates autophagy by delivering the effector protein RavZ to deconjugate Atg8/LC3 proteins coupled to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on autophagosomal membranes. To understand how RavZ recognizes and deconjugates LC3-PE, we prepared semisynthetic LC3 proteins and elucidated the structures of the RavZ:LC3 interaction. Semisynthetic LC3 proteins allowed the analysis of structure-function relationships. RavZ extracts LC3-PE from the membrane before deconjugation. RavZ initially recognizes the LC3 molecule on membranes via its N-terminal LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif. The RavZ α3 helix is involved in extraction of the PE moiety and docking of the acyl chains into the lipid-binding site of RavZ that is related in structure to that of the phospholipid transfer protein Sec14. Thus, Legionella has evolved a novel mechanism to specifically evade host autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Yang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Precision Therapy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Supansa Pantoom
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Precision Therapy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
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28
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Role of Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α regulation in cell migration. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:183-189. [PMID: 28187905 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a vital process for many physiological and pathological events, and Rho GTPases have been confirmed as key factors in its regulation. The most studied negative regulator of Rho GTPases, Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα), mediates cell migration through altering the overall expression and spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPases. The RhoGDIα-Rho GTPases dissociation can be mediated by signal pathways targeting RhoGDIα directly. This review summarizes the research about the regulation of RhoGDIα during cell migration, which can be in a Rho GTPases association independent manner. Non-kinase proteins regulation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation and extracellular environmental factors are classified to discuss their direct signal regulations on RhoGDIα, which provide varied signal pathways for selective activation of Rho GTPases in cell migration.
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29
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Liu J, Gao J, Li F, Ma R, Wei Q, Wang A, Wu J, Ruan K. NMR characterization of weak interactions between RhoGDI2 and fragment screening hits. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3061-3070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Kuhlmann N, Wroblowski S, Scislowski L, Lammers M. RhoGDIα Acetylation at K127 and K141 Affects Binding toward Nonprenylated RhoA. Biochemistry 2016; 55:304-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kuhlmann
- Institute
for Genetics and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated
Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str.
26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Wroblowski
- Institute
for Genetics and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated
Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str.
26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Scislowski
- Institute
for Genetics and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated
Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str.
26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Institute
for Genetics and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated
Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str.
26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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31
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Kuhlmann N, Wroblowski S, Knyphausen P, de Boor S, Brenig J, Zienert AY, Meyer-Teschendorf K, Praefcke GJK, Nolte H, Krüger M, Schacherl M, Baumann U, James LC, Chin JW, Lammers M. Structural and Mechanistic Insights into the Regulation of the Fundamental Rho Regulator RhoGDIα by Lysine Acetylation. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:5484-5499. [PMID: 26719334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho proteins are small GTP/GDP-binding proteins primarily involved in cytoskeleton regulation. Their GTP/GDP cycle is often tightly connected to a membrane/cytosol cycle regulated by the Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα). RhoGDIα has been regarded as a housekeeping regulator essential to control homeostasis of Rho proteins. Recent proteomic screens showed that RhoGDIα is extensively lysine-acetylated. Here, we present the first comprehensive structural and mechanistic study to show how RhoGDIα function is regulated by lysine acetylation. We discover that lysine acetylation impairs Rho protein binding and increases guanine nucleotide exchange factor-catalyzed nucleotide exchange on RhoA, these two functions being prerequisites to constitute a bona fide GDI displacement factor. RhoGDIα acetylation interferes with Rho signaling, resulting in alteration of cellular filamentous actin. Finally, we discover that RhoGDIα is endogenously acetylated in mammalian cells, and we identify CBP, p300, and pCAF as RhoGDIα-acetyltransferases and Sirt2 and HDAC6 as specific deacetylases, showing the biological significance of this post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kuhlmann
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Wroblowski
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Knyphausen
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne de Boor
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Brenig
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anke Y Zienert
- the Institute for Genetics, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Meyer-Teschendorf
- the Institute for Genetics, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerrit J K Praefcke
- the Institute for Genetics, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany,; the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany, and
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schacherl
- the Institute for Biochemistry, Zülpicher Strasse 47, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- the Institute for Biochemistry, Zülpicher Strasse 47, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leo C James
- the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jason W Chin
- the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lammers
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany,.
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32
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Lin Z, Tann JY, Goh ETH, Kelly C, Lim KB, Gao JF, Ibanez CF. Structural basis of death domain signaling in the p75 neurotrophin receptor. eLife 2015; 4:e11692. [PMID: 26646181 PMCID: PMC4739766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Death domains (DDs) mediate assembly of oligomeric complexes for activation of downstream signaling pathways through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here we report structures of complexes formed by the DD of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) with RhoGDI, for activation of the RhoA pathway, with caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of RIP2 kinase, for activation of the NF-kB pathway, and with itself, revealing how DD dimerization controls access of intracellular effectors to the receptor. RIP2 CARD and RhoGDI bind to p75NTR DD at partially overlapping epitopes with over 100-fold difference in affinity, revealing the mechanism by which RIP2 recruitment displaces RhoGDI upon ligand binding. The p75NTR DD forms non-covalent, low-affinity symmetric dimers in solution. The dimer interface overlaps with RIP2 CARD but not RhoGDI binding sites, supporting a model of receptor activation triggered by separation of DDs. These structures reveal how competitive protein-protein interactions orchestrate the hierarchical activation of downstream pathways in non-catalytic receptors. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11692.001 Cells have proteins called receptors on their surface that can bind to specific molecules on the outside of the cell. Typically, this binding activates the receptor and the activated receptor then triggers some biochemical changes inside the cell. For many receptors, the portion of the receptor inside the cell is essentially an enzyme that can trigger a biochemical change by itself. Some receptors, however, lack any enzymatic activity, and it is often unclear how these ‘non-catalytic receptors’ trigger changes inside a cell. A protein called p75 neurotrophin receptor (or p75NTR for short) is a non-catalytic receptor that is expressed when neurons are injured and its activity leads to the death of the neurons and related cells. Inhibiting this non-catalytic receptor is an attractive strategy for limiting the damage caused by diseases of the nervous system. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the activity of p75NTR are not well understood. Previous biochemical studies set out to answer the question of how p75NTR engages with components of the signaling machinery inside the cell, and found several components that interact with this receptor. Now, Lin et al. have tried to gain a more detailed understanding of those interactions at a molecular level. This involved solving the three-dimensional structures of three protein complexes that involve part of p75NTR (called the “death domain”) and one of two signaling components (called RhoGDI and RIP2). Two of the protein complexes showed that RIP2 and RhoGDI bind to the receptor’s death domain at partially overlapping sites, although RIP2 binds about 100 times more strongly than RhoGDI.A third protein complex showed an interaction between two copies of the death domain, which involves a surface of the receptor that overlaps with RIP2’s, but not RhoGDI’s, binding site. These structures, together with the results of other experiments, allowed Lin et al. to propose a model that could explain how p75NTR is activated. First, the two death domains must be separated. Next, RIP2 is recruited to the receptor, and outcompetes and displaces RhoGDI. This change in protein-protein interactions switches the receptor’s signaling from one pathway to the other. Now that these structures are available, they can be used in future experiments to design specific changes in the receptor that would allow researchers to dissect its different activities. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11692.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Y Tann
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eddy T H Goh
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Buay Lim
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Fang Gao
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carlos F Ibanez
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Breznau EB, Semack AC, Higashi T, Miller AL. MgcRacGAP restricts active RhoA at the cytokinetic furrow and both RhoA and Rac1 at cell-cell junctions in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2439-55. [PMID: 25947135 PMCID: PMC4571299 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MgcRacGAP's role in regulating the spatiotemporal dynamics of active RhoA and Rac1 in epithelial cells is investigated. MgcRacGAP's GAP activity down-regulates RhoA at the furrow and both RhoA and Rac1 at cell–cell junctions in dividing epithelial cells and is required for successful cytokinesis and cell–cell junction structure. MgcRacGAP's ability to regulate adherens junctions is dependent on GAP activity and signaling via the RhoA pathway. Localized activation of Rho GTPases is essential for multiple cellular functions, including cytokinesis and formation and maintenance of cell–cell junctions. Although MgcRacGAP (Mgc) is required for spatially confined RhoA-GTP at the equatorial cortex of dividing cells, both the target specificity of Mgc's GAP activity and the involvement of phosphorylation of Mgc at Ser-386 are controversial. In addition, Mgc's function at cell–cell junctions remains unclear. Here, using gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryos as a model system, we examine Mgc's role in regulating localized RhoA-GTP and Rac1-GTP in the intact vertebrate epithelium. We show that Mgc's GAP activity spatially restricts accumulation of both RhoA-GTP and Rac1-GTP in epithelial cells—RhoA at the cleavage furrow and RhoA and Rac1 at cell–cell junctions. Phosphorylation at Ser-386 does not switch the specificity of Mgc's GAP activity and is not required for successful cytokinesis. Furthermore, Mgc regulates adherens junction but not tight junction structure, and the ability to regulate adherens junctions is dependent on GAP activity and signaling via the RhoA pathway. Together these results indicate that Mgc's GAP activity down-regulates the active populations of RhoA and Rac1 at localized regions of epithelial cells and is necessary for successful cytokinesis and cell–cell junction structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina B Breznau
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ansley C Semack
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ann L Miller
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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34
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Ota T, Maeda M, Okamoto M, Tatsuka M. Positive regulation of Rho GTPase activity by RhoGDIs as a result of their direct interaction with GAPs. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25628036 PMCID: PMC4312443 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Rho GTPases function as molecular switches in many different signaling pathways and control a wide range of cellular processes. Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) regulate Rho GTPase signaling and can function as both negative and positive regulators. The role of RhoGDIs as negative regulators of Rho GTPase signaling has been extensively investigated; however, little is known about how RhoGDIs act as positive regulators. Furthermore, it is unclear how this opposing role of GDIs influences the Rho GTPase cycle. We constructed ordinary differential equation models of the Rho GTPase cycle in which RhoGDIs inhibit the regulatory activities of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) by interacting with them directly as well as by sequestering the Rho GTPases. Using this model, we analyzed the role of RhoGDIs in Rho GTPase signaling. Results The model constructed in this study showed that the functions of GEFs and GAPs are integrated into Rho GTPase signaling through the interactions of these regulators with GDIs, and that the negative role of GDIs is to suppress the overall Rho activity by inhibiting GEFs. Furthermore, the positive role of GDIs is to sustain Rho activation by inhibiting GAPs under certain conditions. The interconversion between transient and sustained Rho activation occurs mainly through changes in the affinities of GDIs to GAPs and the concentrations of GAPs. Conclusions RhoGDIs positively regulate Rho GTPase signaling primarily by interacting with GAPs and may participate in the switching between transient and sustained signals of the Rho GTPases. These findings enhance our understanding of the physiological roles of RhoGDIs and Rho GTPase signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0143-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Ota
- Division of Tumor Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan.
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35
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Yu X, Woolery AR, Luong P, Hao YH, Grammel M, Westcott N, Park J, Wang J, Bian X, Demirkan G, Hang HC, Orth K, LaBaer J. Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry)-based detection of global pathogen-host AMPylation on self-assembled human protein microarrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3164-76. [PMID: 25073739 PMCID: PMC4223499 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.041103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPylation (adenylylation) is a recently discovered mechanism employed by infectious bacteria to regulate host cell signaling. However, despite significant effort, only a few host targets have been identified, limiting our understanding of how these pathogens exploit this mechanism to control host cells. Accordingly, we developed a novel nonradioactive AMPylation screening platform using high-density cell-free protein microarrays displaying human proteins produced by human translational machinery. We screened 10,000 unique human proteins with Vibrio parahaemolyticus VopS and Histophilus somni IbpAFic2, and identified many new AMPylation substrates. Two of these, Rac2, and Rac3, were confirmed in vivo as bona fide substrates during infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We also mapped the site of AMPylation of a non-GTPase substrate, LyGDI, to threonine 51, in a region regulated by Src kinase, and demonstrated that AMPylation prevented its phosphorylation by Src. Our results greatly expanded the repertoire of potential host substrates for bacterial AMPylators, determined their recognition motif, and revealed the first pathogen-host interaction AMPylation network. This approach can be extended to identify novel substrates of AMPylators with different domains or in different species and readily adapted for other post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Andrew R Woolery
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Phi Luong
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Yi Heng Hao
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Markus Grammel
- ¶The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nathan Westcott
- ¶The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jin Park
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Xiaofang Bian
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Gokhan Demirkan
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- ¶The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- §Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- From the ‡The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
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36
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Tnimov Z, Abankwa D, Alexandrov K. RhoGDI facilitates geranylgeranyltransferase-I-mediated RhoA prenylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:967-73. [PMID: 25223799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a post-translational modification where farnesyl or geranylgeranyl groups are enzymatically attached to a C-terminal cysteine residue. This modification is essential for the activity of small cellular GTPases, as it allows them to associate with intracellular membranes. Dissociated from membranes, prenylated proteins need to be transported through the aqueous cytoplasm by protein carriers that shield the hydrophobic anchor from the solvent. One such carrier is Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI). Recently, it was shown that prenylated Rho proteins that are not associated with RhoGDI are subjected to proteolysis in the cell. We hypothesized that the role of RhoGDI might be not only to associate with prenylated proteins but also to regulate the prenylation process in the cell. This idea is supported by the fact that RhoGDI binds both unprenylated and prenylated Rho proteins with high affinity in vitro, and hence, these interactions may affect the kinetics of prenylation. We addressed this question experimentally and found that RhoGDI increased the catalytic efficiency of geranylgeranyl transferase-I in RhoA prenylation. Nevertheless, we did not observe formation of a ternary RhoGDI∗RhoA∗GGTase-I complex, indicating sequential operation of geranylgeranyltransferase-I and RhoGDI. Our results suggest that RhoGDI accelerates Rho prenylation by kinetically trapping the reaction product, thereby increasing the rate of product release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Tnimov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kirill Alexandrov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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37
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Zhang SC, Gremer L, Heise H, Janning P, Shymanets A, Cirstea IC, Krause E, Nürnberg B, Ahmadian MR. Liposome reconstitution and modulation of recombinant prenylated human Rac1 by GEFs, GDI1 and Pak1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102425. [PMID: 25014207 PMCID: PMC4094549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Rho GTPases are well known to regulate a variety of cellular processes by acting as molecular switches. The regulatory function of Rho GTPases is critically dependent on their posttranslational modification at the carboxyl terminus by isoprenylation and association with proper cellular membranes. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms of recycling and functional integration of Rho GTPases at the biological membranes are largely unclear. In this study, prenylated human Rac1, a prominent member of the Rho family, was purified in large amount from baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells using a systematic detergent screening. In contrast to non-prenylated human Rac1 purified from Escherichia coli, prenylated Rac1 from insect cells was able to associate with synthetic liposomes and to bind Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI1). Subsequent liposome reconstitution experiments revealed that GDI1 efficiently extracts Rac1 from liposomes preferentially in the inactive GDP-bound state. The extraction was prevented when Rac1 was activated to its GTP-bound state by Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as Vav2, Dbl, Tiam1, P-Rex1 and TrioN, and bound by the downstream effector Pak1. We found that dissociation of Rac1-GDP from its complex with GDI1 strongly correlated with two distinct activities of especially Dbl and Tiam1, including liposome association and the GDP/GTP exchange. Taken together, our results provided first detailed insights into the advantages of the in vitro liposome-based reconstitution system to study both the integration of the signal transducing protein complexes and the mechanisms of regulation and signaling of small GTPases at biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cai Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6, Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6, Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Aliaksei Shymanets
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tübingen Medical School, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ion C. Cirstea
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tübingen Medical School, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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38
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Rohde M, Richter J, Schlesner M, Betts MJ, Claviez A, Bonn BR, Zimmermann M, Damm-Welk C, Russell RB, Borkhardt A, Eils R, Hoell JI, Szczepanowski M, Oschlies I, Klapper W, Burkhardt B, Siebert R. RecurrentRHOAmutations in pediatric Burkitt lymphoma treated according to the NHL-BFM protocols. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:911-6. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Rohde
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthew J. Betts
- Cell Networks, Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alexander Claviez
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Bettina R. Bonn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Christine Damm-Welk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Robert B. Russell
- Cell Networks, Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics; Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jessica I. Hoell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Ilske Oschlies
- Hematopathology Section; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Hematopathology Section; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Birgit Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
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Measuring interactions of FERM domain-containing sorting Nexin proteins with endosomal lipids and cargo molecules. Methods Enzymol 2014; 534:331-49. [PMID: 24359963 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397926-1.00019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal recycling pathways regulate cellular homeostasis via the transport of internalized material back to the plasma membrane. Phox homology (PX) and band 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain-containing proteins are a recently identified subfamily of PX proteins that are critical for the recycling of numerous transmembrane cargo molecules. The PX-FERM subfamily includes three endosome-associated proteins called sorting nexin (SNX) 17, SNX27, and SNX31. These are modular peripheral membrane proteins that act as central scaffolds mediating protein-lipid interactions, cargo binding, and regulatory protein recruitment. This chapter outlines the methodology employed to classify the PX-FERM family using combined bioinformatics and structure prediction tools. It further details the application of isothermal titration calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to understand the mechanisms that underpin their endosomal membrane recruitment and subsequent recognition of NPxY/NxxY peptide sorting motifs, present in many cargo receptors and required for their trafficking. It is now increasingly recognized that the formation of a stable trafficking complex is dictated by a multitude of coordinated protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, and the approaches highlighted here will be useful for future studies aimed at understanding these biomolecular interactions in greater detail.
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40
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Gajula PK, Asthana J, Panda D, Chakraborty TK. A Synthetic Dolastatin 10 Analogue Suppresses Microtubule Dynamics, Inhibits Cell Proliferation, and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2235-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3009629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayant Asthana
- Department
of Biosciences and
Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department
of Biosciences and
Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076,
India
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41
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Agarwal NK, Kazyken D, Sarbassov DD. Rictor encounters RhoGDI2: the second pilot is taking a lead. Small GTPases 2013; 4:102-5. [PMID: 23354413 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.23346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rictor's role in cell migration has been first indicated in the original chemotaxis studies in Dictyostelium and more recent studies reported that rictor is required for migration of cancer cells. How rictor promotes cell migration remains poorly characterized. Based on our proteomics study we have identified a novel functional role of rictor in regulation of cell migration. Here, we discuss our recent finding that rictor by suppressing RhoGDI2 maintains activity of the Rac1/cdc42 GTPases and promotes cell migration. Our finding outlines a critical role of rictor in the regulation of RhoGDI2 activity. This study opens new avenues in the investigation of cancer metastasis by analyzing the rictor dependent post-translational modification of RhoGDI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin K Agarwal
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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42
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Ray S, Kumar A, Panda D. GTP regulates the interaction between MciZ and FtsZ: a possible role of MciZ in bacterial cell division. Biochemistry 2012; 52:392-401. [PMID: 23237472 DOI: 10.1021/bi301237m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MciZ, a peptide with 40 amino acid residues, has been shown to be expressed during bacterial sporulation, to inhibit Z-ring formation in bacteria, and to inhibit the assembly of FtsZ in vitro. Here, MciZ was found to bind to FtsZ in vitro with a dissociation constant of 0.3 ± 0.1 μM. Guanosine nucleotides inhibited the binding of MciZ to FtsZ; however, GTP inhibited the binding of MciZ to FtsZ more strongly than GDP. In addition, MciZ inhibited the binding of 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidene)-GTP, a fluorescent analogue of GTP, to FtsZ. The results indicated that MciZ shares its binding site on FtsZ with GTP. Furthermore, M19I, an N-terminal 19-residue peptide (MKVHRMPKGVVLVGKAWEI) of MciZ, inhibited the assembly and GTPase activity of FtsZ in vitro. The results suggested that GTP plays an important role in the regulation of the interaction between FtsZ and MciZ and that M19I may be used as a lead peptide to design peptide inhibitors of FtsZ assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Abstract
Despite over two decades of research, the mechanism of Rab targeting to specific intracellular membranes is still not completely understood. Present evidence suggests that the original hypothesis that the message for targeting resides solely in the hypervariable C-terminus is incorrect, and a second mechanism involving a GDF [GDI (guanine-nucleotide-dissociation inhibitor) displacement factor] to disrupt stable Rab–GDI complexes has only been shown to apply in one case, despite the need for targeting over 60 human Rab proteins. Evidence for the involvement of Rab–effector interactions has only been presented for a few cases or in a very specific context. There is mounting evidence that GEFs (guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors) are essential for membrane targeting, although contributions from additional factors are likely to be of importance, at least in specific cases.
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