1
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Downie ML, Gupta S, Voinescu C, Levine AP, Sadeghi-Alavijeh O, Dufek-Kamperis S, Cao J, Christian M, Kari JA, Thalgahagoda S, Ranawaka R, Abeyagunawardena A, Gbadegesin R, Parekh R, Kleta R, Bockenhauer D, Stanescu HC, Gale DP. Common Risk Variants in AHI1 Are Associated With Childhood Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:1562-1574. [PMID: 37547536 PMCID: PMC10403666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is the most common form of kidney disease in children worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated the association of SSNS with genetic variation at HLA-DQ/DR and have identified several non-HLA loci that aid in further understanding of disease pathophysiology. We sought to identify additional genetic loci associated with SSNS in children of Sri Lankan and European ancestry. Methods We conducted a GWAS in a cohort of Sri Lankan individuals comprising 420 pediatric patients with SSNS and 2339 genetic ancestry matched controls obtained from the UK Biobank. We then performed a transethnic meta-analysis with a previously reported European cohort of 422 pediatric patients and 5642 controls. Results Our GWAS confirmed the previously reported association of SSNS with HLA-DR/DQ (rs9271602, P = 1.12 × 10-27, odds ratio [OR] = 2.75). Transethnic meta-analysis replicated these findings and identified a novel association at AHI1 (rs2746432, P = 2.79 × 10-8, OR = 1.37), which was also replicated in an independent South Asian cohort. AHI1 is implicated in ciliary protein transport and immune dysregulation, with rare variation in this gene contributing to Joubert syndrome type 3. Conclusions Common variation in AHI1 confers risk of the development of SSNS in both Sri Lankan and European populations. The association with common variation in AHI1 further supports the role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of SSNS and demonstrates that variation across the allele frequency spectrum in a gene can contribute to disparate monogenic and polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory L. Downie
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanjana Gupta
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catalin Voinescu
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam P. Levine
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jingjing Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jameela A. Kari
- Pediatric Nephrology Centre of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Randula Ranawaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Rasheed Gbadegesin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rulan Parekh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Kleta
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel P. Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Primary Cilia Influence Progenitor Function during Cortical Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182895. [PMID: 36139475 PMCID: PMC9496791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticogenesis is an intricate process controlled temporally and spatially by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Alterations during this important process can lead to severe cortical malformations. Apical neuronal progenitors are essential cells able to self-amplify and also generate basal progenitors and/or neurons. Apical radial glia (aRG) are neuronal progenitors with a unique morphology. They have a long basal process acting as a support for neuronal migration to the cortical plate and a short apical process directed towards the ventricle from which protrudes a primary cilium. This antenna-like structure allows aRG to sense cues from the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF) helping to maintain cell shape and to influence several key functions of aRG such as proliferation and differentiation. Centrosomes, major microtubule organising centres, are crucial for cilia formation. In this review, we focus on how primary cilia influence aRG function during cortical development and pathologies which may arise due to defects in this structure. Reporting and cataloguing a number of ciliary mutant models, we discuss the importance of primary cilia for aRG function and cortical development.
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3
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Tmem138 is localized to the connecting cilium essential for rhodopsin localization and outer segment biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109934119. [PMID: 35394880 PMCID: PMC9169668 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109934119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The connecting cilium (CC) of the photoreceptor provides the only route for the trafficking of the outer segment (OS) proteins. Failure of OS protein transport causes degenerative photoreceptor diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa. We demonstrate that Tmem138, a protein linked to ciliopathy, is localized to the photoreceptor CC. Germline deletion of Tmem138 abolished OS morphogenesis, followed by rapid photoreceptor degeneration. Tmem138 interacts with rhodopsin and two additional CC compartment proteins, Ahi1 and Tmem231, likely forming a membrane complex to facilitate trafficking of rhodopsin and other OS-bound proteins across the CC. The study thus implicates a new line of regulation on the delivery of OS proteins through interactions with CC membrane complex(es) and provides insights into photoreceptor ciliopathy diseases. Photoreceptor connecting cilium (CC) is structurally analogous to the transition zone (TZ) of primary cilia and gates the molecular trafficking between the inner and the outer segment (OS). Retinal dystrophies with underlying CC defects are manifested in a broad array of syndromic conditions known as ciliopathies as well as nonsyndromic retinal degenerations. Despite extensive studies, many questions remain in the mechanism of protein trafficking across the photoreceptor CC. Here, we genetically inactivated mouse Tmem138, a gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein localized to the ciliary TZ and linked to ciliopathies. Germline deletion of Tmem138 abolished OS morphogenesis, followed by rapid photoreceptor degeneration. Tmem138 was found localized to the photoreceptor CC and was required for localization of Ahi1 to the distal subdomain of the CC. Among the examined set of OS proteins, rhodopsin was mislocalized throughout the mutant cell body prior to OS morphogenesis. Ablation of Tmem138 in mature rods recapitulated the molecular changes in the germline mutants, causing failure of disc renewal and disintegration of the OS. Furthermore, Tmem138 interacts reciprocally with rhodopsin and a related protein Tmem231, and the ciliary localization of the latter was also altered in the mutant photoreceptors. Taken together, these results suggest a crucial role of Tmem138 in the functional organization of the CC, which is essential for rhodopsin localization and OS biogenesis.
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4
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Gupta S, Ozimek-Kulik JE, Phillips JK. Nephronophthisis-Pathobiology and Molecular Pathogenesis of a Rare Kidney Genetic Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111762. [PMID: 34828368 PMCID: PMC8623546 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential rise in our understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of genetic cystic kidney diseases can be attributed to the identification of cystogenic genes over the last three decades. The foundation of this was laid by positional cloning strategies which gradually shifted towards next-generation sequencing (NGS) based screenings. This shift has enabled the discovery of novel cystogenic genes at an accelerated pace unlike ever before and, most notably, the past decade has seen the largest increase in identification of the genes which cause nephronophthisis (NPHP). NPHP is a monogenic autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease caused by mutations in a diverse clade of over 26 identified genes and is the most common genetic cause of renal failure in children. NPHP gene types present with some common pathophysiological features alongside a diverse range of extra-renal phenotypes associated with specific syndromic presentations. This review provides a timely update on our knowledge of this disease, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, anatomical and molecular features. We delve into the diversity of the NPHP causing genes and discuss known molecular mechanisms and biochemical pathways that may have possible points of intersection with polycystic kidney disease (the most studied renal cystic pathology). We delineate the pathologies arising from extra-renal complications and co-morbidities and their impact on quality of life. Finally, we discuss the current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available for disease management, outlining possible avenues of research to improve the prognosis for NPHP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarni Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (J.E.O.-K.); (J.K.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Justyna E. Ozimek-Kulik
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (J.E.O.-K.); (J.K.P.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Kathleen Phillips
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (J.E.O.-K.); (J.K.P.)
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5
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Chen C, Gao J, Lv Q, Xu C, Xia Y, Du A. Retinitis pigmentosa and molar tooth sign caused by novel AHI1 compound heterozygote pathogenic variants. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:242. [PMID: 34627237 PMCID: PMC8502301 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Joubert syndrome (JS) is a group of rare congenital disorders characterized by cerebellar vermis dysplasia, developmental delay, and retina dysfunctions. Herein, we reported a Chinese patient carrying a new variant in the AHI1 gene with mild JS, and the 3D structure of the affected Jouberin protein was also predicted. Case presentation The patient was a 31-year-old male, who presented difficulty at finding toys at the age of 2 years, night blindness from age of 5 years, intention tremor and walking imbalance from 29 years of age. Tubular visual field and retina pigmentation were observed on ophthalmology examinations, as well as molar tooth sign on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whole exome sequence revealed two compound heterozygous variants at c.2105C>T (p.T702M) and c.1330A>T (p.I444F) in AHI1 gene. The latter one was a novel mutation. The 3D protein structure was predicted using I-TASSER and PyMOL, showing structural changes from functional β-sheet and α-helix to non-functional D-loop, respectively. Conclusions Mild JS due to novel variants at T702M and I444F in the AHI1 gene was reported. The 3D-structural changes in Jouberin protein might underlie the pathogenesis of JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jiong Gao
- WuXiDiagnostice, No. 31 Yiwei Road Waigaoqiao Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Ailian Du
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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6
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Karamzade A, Babaei M, Saberi M, Golchin N, Khalil Nejad Sani Banaei A, Eshaghkhani Y, Golchehre Z, Keramatipour M. Identification of a novel truncating variant in AHI1 gene and a brief review on mutations spectrum. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5339-5345. [PMID: 34191236 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare inherited neurodevelopmental condition characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements, neonatal respiratory disturbance and unique midbrain-hindbrain malformation, known as the molar tooth sign. JS is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with nearly 35 ciliary genes are implicated in its pathogenesis. AHI1 gene is one of the most frequently mutated gene in JS patients which is accounted for 8-11% of cases, particularly in Arab population. AHI1 encodes a cilium-localized protein with a significant role in mediating vesicle trafficking, ciliogenesis and cell polarity. Here, we report a novel pathogenic variant in AHI1 gene and review previously published mutations in AHI1 gene briefly. Whole exome sequencing was employed to determine the causative mutation in an Iranian Arab family with JS from southwestern Iran. Segregation analysis of the candidate variant in the family members was performed using PCR-Sanger sequencing. This approach found a novel homozygous nonsense variant c.832C > T (p.Gln278Ter) in AHI1. Segregation analysis was consistent with individual's phenotype and an autosomal recessive pattern in the family. The variant residing in a relatively highly conserved region and fulfilled the criteria required to be classified as a pathogenic variant based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. This study confirms the diagnosis of JS in this family and highlights the efficiency of next-generation sequencing-based technique to identify the genetic causes of hereditary disorders with locus heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Karamzade
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Watson Genetic Laboratory, North Kargar street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Babaei
- Department of Pediatrics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saberi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Golchin
- Watson Genetic Laboratory, North Kargar street, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yeganeh Eshaghkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Golchehre
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Watson Genetic Laboratory, North Kargar street, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Wang B, Xin N, Qian X, Zhai L, Miao Z, Yang Y, Li S, Sun M, Xu X, Li XJ. Ahi1 regulates the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor to modulate stress response. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 33782379 PMCID: PMC8007735 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress activates the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) to trigger gene expression. Abnormal GR levels can alter the stress responses in animals and therapeutic effects of antidepressants. Here, we reported that stress-mediated nuclear translocation of GR reduced Ahi1 in the stressed cells and mouse brains. Ahi1 interacts with GR to stabilize each other in the cytoplasm. Importantly, Ahi1 deficiency promotes the degradation of GR in the cytoplasm and reduced the nuclear translocation of GR in response to stress. Genetic depletion of Ahi1 in mice caused hyposensitivity to antidepressants under the stress condition. These findings suggest that AHI1 is an important regulator of GR level and may serve as a therapeutic target for stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Ning Xin
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China ,grid.413389.4Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xuanchen Qian
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Lijing Zhai
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 215008 Suzhou, China
| | - Shihua Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human primate models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human primate models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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The Transition Zone Protein AHI1 Regulates Neuronal Ciliary Trafficking of MCHR1 and Its Downstream Signaling Pathway. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3932-3943. [PMID: 33741721 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2993-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abelson-helper integration site 1 (AHI1) gene encodes for a ciliary transition zone localizing protein that when mutated causes the human ciliopathy, Joubert syndrome. We prepared and examined neuronal cultures derived from male and female embryonic Ahi1 +/+ and Ahi1 -/- mice (littermates) and found that the distribution of ciliary melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MchR1) was significantly reduced in Ahi1 -/- neurons; however, the total and surface expression of MchR1 on Ahi1 -/- neurons was similar to controls (Ahi1 +/+). This indicates that a pathway for MchR1 trafficking to the surface plasma membrane is intact, but the process of targeting MchR1 into cilia is impaired in Ahi1-deficient mouse neurons, indicating a role for Ahi1 in localizing MchR1 to the cilium. Mouse Ahi1 -/- neurons that fail to accumulate MchR1 in the ciliary membrane have significant decreases in two downstream MchR1 signaling pathways [cAMP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)] on MCH stimulation. These results suggest that the ciliary localization of MchR1 is necessary and critical for MchR1 signaling, with Ahi1 participating in regulating MchR1 localization to cilia, and further supporting cilia as critical signaling centers in neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work here demonstrates that neuronal primary cilia are powerful and focused signaling centers for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MCHR1), with a role for the ciliary transition zone protein, Abelson-helper integration site 1 (AHI1), in mediating ciliary trafficking of MCHR1. Moreover, our manuscript further expands the repertoire of cilia functions on neurons, a cell type that has not received significant attention in the cilia field. Lastly, our work demonstrates the significant influence of ciliary GPCR signaling in the overall signaling of neurons.
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9
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Shen Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Luo M, Ma S, Lu C, Cao Z, Yu Y, Cai R, Chen C, Li Q, Gao H, Peng Y, Xu B, Ma X. Identification of two novel pathogenic variants of PIBF1 by whole exome sequencing in a 2-year-old boy with Joubert syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:192. [PMID: 33004012 PMCID: PMC7531107 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Joubert syndrome (OMIM 213300) is an autosomal recessive disorder with gene heterogeneity. Causal genes and their variants have been identified by sequencing or other technologies for Joubert syndrome subtypes. Case presentation A two-year-old boy was diagnosed with Joubert syndrome by global development delay and molar tooth sign of mid-brain. Whole exome sequencing was performed to detect the causative gene variants in this individual, and the candidate pathogenic variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. We identified two pathogenic variants (NM_006346.2: c.1147delC and c.1054A > G) of PIBF1 in this Joubert syndrome individual, which is consistent with the mode of autosomal recessive inheritance. Conclusion In this study, we identified two novel pathogenic variants in PIBF1 in a Joubert syndrome individual using whole exome sequencing, thereby expanding the PIBF1 pathogenic variant spectrum of Joubert syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Minna Luo
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zongfu Cao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Yu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruikun Cai
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cuixia Chen
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huafang Gao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China. .,National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
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10
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Srinivasan A, Srinivasan A, Ferland RJ. AutoSholl allows for automation of Sholl analysis independent of user tracing. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 331:108529. [PMID: 31760060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sholl analysis has been used to analyze neuronal morphometry and dendritic branching and complexity for many years. While the process has become semi-automated in recent years, existing software packages are still dependent on user tracing and hence are subject to observer bias, variability, and increased user times for analyses. Commercial software packages have the same issues as they also rely on user tracing. In addition, these packages are also expensive and require extensive user training. NEW METHOD To address these issues, we have developed a broadly applicable, no-cost ImageJ plugin, we call AutoSholl, to perform Sholl analysis on pre-processed and 'thresholded' images. This algorithm extends the already existing plugin in Fiji ImageJ for Sholl analysis by allowing for secondary analysis techniques, such as determining number and length of root, intermediate, and terminal dendrites; functions not currently supported in the existing Sholl Analysis plugin in Fiji ImageJ. RESULTS The algorithm allows for rapid Sholl analysis in both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional data sets independent of user tracing. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We validated the performance of AutoSholl against pre-existing software packages using trained human observers and images of neurons. We found that our algorithm outputs similar results as available software (i.e., Bonfire), but allows for faster analysis times and unbiased quantification. CONCLUSIONS As such, AutoSholl allows inexperienced observers to output results like more trained observers efficiently, thereby increasing the consistency, speed, and reliability of Sholl analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Srinivasan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | | | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
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11
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Muñoz-Estrada J, Ferland RJ. Ahi1 promotes Arl13b ciliary recruitment, regulates Arl13b stability and is required for normal cell migration. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230680. [PMID: 31391239 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Abelson-helper integration site 1 (AHI1) gene are associated with neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders, and cause the neurodevelopmental ciliopathy Joubert syndrome (JBTS). Here, we show that deletion of the transition zone (TZ) protein Ahi1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) has a small effect on cilia formation. However, Ahi1 loss in these cells results in: (1) reduced localization of the JBTS-associated protein Arl13b to the ciliary membrane, (2) decreased sonic hedgehog signaling, (3) and an abnormally elongated ciliary axoneme accompanied by an increase in ciliary IFT88 concentrations. While no changes in Arl13b levels are detected in crude cell membrane extracts, loss of Ahi1 significantly reduced the level of non-membrane-associated Arl13b and its stability via the proteasome pathway. Exogenous expression of Ahi1-GFP in Ahi1-/- MEFs restored ciliary length, increased ciliary recruitment of Arl13b and augmented Arl13b stability. Finally, Ahi1-/- MEFs displayed defects in cell motility and Pdgfr-α-dependent migration. Overall, our findings support molecular mechanisms underlying JBTS etiology that involve: (1) disruptions at the TZ resulting in defects of membrane- and non-membrane-associated proteins to localize to primary cilia, and (2) defective cell migration.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Muñoz-Estrada
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA .,Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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12
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Chronic lead exposure decreases the expression of Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) through Repressor element-1 silencing transcription (REST). Toxicol Lett 2019; 306:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Zhu L, Chen L, Yan L, Perkins BD, Li S, Li B, Xu HA, Li XJ. Mutant Ahi1 Affects Retinal Axon Projection in Zebrafish via Toxic Gain of Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:81. [PMID: 30949029 PMCID: PMC6438259 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder associated with cerebellum and brainstem malformation and can be caused by mutations in the Abelson helper integration site-1 (AHI1) gene. Although AHI1 mutations in humans cause abnormal cerebellar development and impaired axonal decussation in JBTS, these phenotypes are not robust or are absent in various mouse models with Ahi1 mutations. AHI1 contains an N-terminal coiled-coil domain, multiple WD40 repeats, and a C-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, suggesting that AHI1 functions as a signaling or scaffolding protein. Since most AHI1 mutations in humans can result in truncated AHI1 proteins lacking WD40 repeats and the SH3 domain, it remains unclear whether mutant AHI1 elicits toxicity via a gain-of-function mechanism by the truncated AHI1. Because Ahi1 in zebrafish and humans share a similar N-terminal region with a coiled-coil domain that is absent in mouse Ahi1, we used zebrafish as a model to investigate whether Ahi1 mutations could affect axonal decussation. Using in situ hybridization, we found that ahi1 is highly expressed in zebrafish ocular tissues, especially in retina, allowing us to examine its effect on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projection and eye morphology. We injected a morpholino to zebrafish embryos, which can generate mutant Ahi1 lacking the intact WD40 repeats, and found RGC axon misprojection and ocular dysplasia in 4 dpf (days post-fertilization) larvae after the injection. However, ahi1 null zebrafish showed normal RGC axon projection and ocular morphology. We then used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate truncated ahi1 and also found similar defects in the RGC axon projection as seen in those injected with ahi1 morpholino. Thus, the aberrant retinal axon projection in zebrafish is caused by the presence of mutant ahi1 rather than the loss of ahi1, suggesting that mutant Ahi1 may affect axonal decussation via toxic gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louyin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Laiqiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingya Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Brian D Perkins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shihua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Baoming Li
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong A Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Baehr W, Hanke-Gogokhia C, Sharif A, Reed M, Dahl T, Frederick JM, Ying G. Insights into photoreceptor ciliogenesis revealed by animal models. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 71:26-56. [PMID: 30590118 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are polarized neurons, with very specific subcellular compartmentalization and unique requirements for protein expression and trafficking. Each photoreceptor contains an outer segment, the site of photon capture that initiates vision, an inner segment that houses the biosynthetic machinery and a synaptic terminal for signal transmission to downstream neurons. Outer segments and inner segments are connected by a connecting cilium (CC), the equivalent of a transition zone (TZ) of primary cilia. The connecting cilium is part of the basal body/axoneme backbone that stabilizes the outer segment. This report will update the reader on late developments in photoreceptor ciliogenesis and transition zone formation, specifically in mouse photoreceptors, focusing on early events in photoreceptor ciliogenesis. The connecting cilium, an elongated and narrow structure through which all outer segment proteins and membrane components must traffic, functions as a gate that controls access to the outer segment. Here we will review genes and their protein products essential for basal body maturation and for CC/TZ genesis, sorted by phenotype. Emphasis is given to naturally occurring mouse mutants and gene knockouts that interfere with CC/TZ formation and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Christin Hanke-Gogokhia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Michelle Reed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Tiffanie Dahl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jeanne M Frederick
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Guoxin Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
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15
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Macular staphyloma in patients affected by Joubert syndrome with retinal dystrophy: a new finding detected by SD-OCT. Doc Ophthalmol 2018; 137:25-36. [PMID: 29987673 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-018-9646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Joubert syndrome (JS) is an inherited autosomal recessive or X-lined disorder characterized by a congenital malformation of the mid-hindbrain and a large spectrum of clinical features. It is estimated that retinal dystrophy is present in association with the typical neurological findings in about one-third of the patients. The aim of this study is to better characterize the macular region in JS patients with and without retinal dystrophy. METHODS We describe six individuals affected by JS as demonstrated by the presence of the typical "molar tooth sign" on MRI. The presence of retinal dystrophy was assessed by fundus examination and electrophysiology by means of full-field electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) at five spatial frequencies (300-15 min of arc). The macular region was examined with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). All the exams were performed in awake conditions. All the patients underwent next-generation-sequencing analysis of known JS genes. RESULTS Pathogenic biallelic variants in either the INPP5E gene or the AHI1 gene were detected in two pairs of siblings, all positive for retinal dystrophy. Genetic testing yielded no results in the remaining two patients, one with bilateral coloboma and retinal dystrophy and the other with normal fundus appearance. Decimal best-corrected visual acuity was between 0.1 and 1.0. In the two pairs of siblings, SD-OCT revealed a posterior staphyloma centred on the fovea, in one case associated with cystoid macular oedema. Macular morphology was just slightly altered in the fifth patient and completely normal in the last patient. Refractive error was between + 2.50 diopter sphere (DS) and - 8 DS and - 4 diopter cylinder ax 45°. ERG waves were markedly lower than the normal limits in both scotopic and photopic components in the two pairs of siblings and in the fifth subject, with VEP P100 latencies and amplitudes delayed and reduced in all spatial frequencies. ERG and VEP were within normal limits in the last patient. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, macular staphyloma has not been described before in JS. Further work is warranted to assess the true prevalence of staphyloma in JS and its connection to retinal dystrophy.
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16
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Li J, Zhang S, Erdenee S, Sun X, Dang R, Huang Y, Lei C, Chen H, Xu H, Cai Y, Lan X. Nucleotide variants in prion-related protein (testis-specific) gene (PRNT) and effects on Chinese and Mongolian sheep phenotypes. Prion 2018; 12:185-196. [PMID: 29695200 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1467193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the ovine prion-related protein (testis-specific) gene (PRNT), including studies of genetic diversity, have highlighted its potential relationship to scrapie infection and economically important ovine traits. PRNT was previously reported to be highly polymorphic in Portuguese sheep. To characterize genetic polymorphisms in this gene in Asian sheep, a direct sequencing method was used to detect polymorphic loci in PRNT in 285 individual sheep from four Chinese and one Mongolian breeds. Seven SNP variants in PRNT were identified, including three novel variants (g.93G>A, g.162G>T, and g.190A>G) and four previously reported variants (g.17 C>T, g.112G>C, g.129C>T, and g.144A>G). In the five breeds that we analyzed, the mutation frequencies of g.190A>G in Lanzhou Fat-tail sheep (LFTS) and g.129C>T in the other four varieties were high (F>0.5). Moreover, thirteen different haplotypes that had a comparable distribution in the tested breeds were also identified; 'C-G-G-C-A-G-A' occurred at the highest frequency in the five sheep breeds. Additionally, we previously explored the significance of relationships between polymorphisms in PRNP or PRND and ovine growth performance. Here, we also performed correlation analysis in all tested loci. These loci polymorphisms were significantly associated with ten different growth traits (P<0.05), except for g.93G>A. Meanwhile, in contrast to a previous study, there was no significant association between the seven SNP loci analyzed and our previously reported sheep PRND or PRNP insertion/deletion mutations. Our findings may provide new insights into polymorphic variation in ovine PRNT, which may contribute to genetic improvements in economic traits that are important for sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology, Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology, Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Sarantsetseg Erdenee
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ruihua Dang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hong Chen
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- c Science Experimental Center, College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities , Chengguan District, Lanzhou City in northwest, Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Yong Cai
- c Science Experimental Center, College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities , Chengguan District, Lanzhou City in northwest, Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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17
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Muñoz-Estrada J, Lora-Castellanos A, Meza I, Alarcón Elizalde S, Benítez-King G. Primary cilia formation is diminished in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A possible marker for these psychiatric diseases. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:412-420. [PMID: 28927861 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilium (PC) is a microtubule-rich organelle that protrudes from the plasma membrane and acts as a cellular antenna sensing extracellular signals during brain development. DISC1 (Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1) is involved in PC formation and is considered a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders. We have previously described altered subcellular distribution of DISC1 and an aberrant microtubule organization in olfactory neuronal precursors (ONP) obtained from schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Herein, we analyzed in vitro PC formation in healthy control subjects, SCZ and BD patients. The results indicated that 66.73±4.33% of ONP from control subjects showed immunostaining for the PC marker, acetylated α-tubulin. By contrast, only a small percentage of cells in culture from paranoid SCZ and BD patients showed PC staining (SCZ, 12.8±4.43%; BD, 12.32±5.86%). However, cells from an affected proband with disorganized SCZ and a subject with BD displayed a higher percentage of cells with cilia (SCZ, 42.20%; BD, 38.59%). Additionally, cilia elongation was observed in lithium-treated ONP derived from all groups, with a more evident response in cells from the BD group. The present study provides novel evidence that the molecular pathways involved in PC formation are defective in SCZ and BD, and impairment in these processes may be involved in the physiopathology of both diseases. Our observations also suggest that ONP is a patient-derived cell model with a potential use for diagnosis and high-throughput drug screening for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Muñoz-Estrada
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Isaura Meza
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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18
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Hou L, Du Y, Zhang M, Su P, Zhao C, Wu Y. Novel mutations of PKHD1 and AHI1 identified in two families with cystic renal disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2869-2874. [PMID: 31938409 PMCID: PMC6958264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To report newly identified mutations in two families in China with cystic renal disease. Case presentations: Two fetuses were found by prenatal ultrasound to have symmetrically enlarged kidneys with increased echogenicity and cystic changes. We isolated fetal and parental genomic DNAs from umbilical cord blood and circulating leukocytes, performed next generation sequencing for mutations, followed by Sanger sequencing for confirmation. We discovered two new heterozygous mutations in PKHD1: c.2507_2515delTGAAGGAGG (p.Val836_Glu838del) in exon 24 among the fetus and father, as well as c.6840G>A (p.Trp2280*) in exon 42 among the fetus and mother. A mutation of c.2507_2515delTGAAGGAGG caused deletion of three amino acids. Two heterozygous mutations in AHI1, c.1304G>A (p.Arg435Gln), and c.3257A>G (p.Glu1086Gly) were identified in the second fetus, while the former was also found in the mother. The mutated locus in AHI1 is highly conserved among humans, dogs, mice, and monkeys. Conclusions: We report two newly identified mutations in PKHD1 and AHI1. An accurate genetic diagnosis is crucial for genetic counseling of parents with offspring carrying cystic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Pengjun Su
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yubin Wu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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19
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Liang P, Rosas-Lemus M, Patel D, Fang X, Tuz K, Juárez O. Dynamic energy dependency of Chlamydia trachomatis on host cell metabolism during intracellular growth: Role of sodium-based energetics in chlamydial ATP generation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:510-522. [PMID: 29123027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen responsible for the most prevalent sexually-transmitted infection in the world. For decades C. trachomatis has been considered an "energy parasite" that relies entirely on the uptake of ATP from the host cell. The genomic data suggest that C. trachomatis respiratory chain could produce a sodium gradient that may sustain the energetic demands required for its rapid multiplication. However, this mechanism awaits experimental confirmation. Moreover, the relationship of chlamydiae with the host cell, in particular its energy dependence, is not well understood. In this work, we are showing that C. trachomatis has an active respiratory metabolism that seems to be coupled to the sodium-dependent synthesis of ATP. Moreover, our results show that the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis at an early stage decreases the rate of infection and the chlamydial inclusion size. In contrast, the inhibition of the chlamydial respiratory chain at mid-stage of the infection cycle decreases the inclusion size but has no effect on infection rate. Remarkably, the addition of monensin, a Na+/H+ exchanger, completely halts the infection. Altogether, our data indicate that chlamydial development has a dynamic relationship with the mitochondrial metabolism of the host, in which the bacterium mostly depends on host ATP synthesis at an early stage, and at later stages it can sustain its own energy needs through the formation of a sodium gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdong Liang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Mónica Rosas-Lemus
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Dhwani Patel
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Xuan Fang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Karina Tuz
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Oscar Juárez
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
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20
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Graves JS, Barcellos LF, Simpson S, Belman A, Lin R, Taylor BV, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Krupp L, Waubant E, van der Mei IAF. The multiple sclerosis risk allele within the AHI1 gene is associated with relapses in children and adults. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 19:161-165. [PMID: 29409597 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While common variant non-HLA (human leukocyte antigen) alleles have been associated with MS risk, their role in disease course is less clear. We sought to determine whether established multiple sclerosis (MS) genetic susceptibility factors are associated with relapse rate in children and an independent cohort of adults with MS. METHODS Genotyping was performed for 182 children with MS or clinically isolated syndrome with high risk for MS from two Pediatric MS Centers. They were prospectively followed for relapses. Fifty-two non-HLA MS susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated for association with relapse rate. Cox regression models were adjusted for sex, genetic ancestry, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), 25-OH vitamin D level and HLA-DRB1*15:01/03 status. Investigation of pediatric subject SNP results was performed using a second cohort of 141 adult MS subjects of Northern European ancestry from the Southern Tasmanian Multiple Sclerosis Longitudinal Study. RESULTS For pediatric subjects, 408 relapses were captured over 622 patient-years of follow-up. Four non-HLA risk SNPs (rs11154801, rs650258, rs12212193, rs2303759) were associated with relapses (p < 0.01) in the pediatric subjects. After adjustment for genetic ancestry, sex, age, vitamin D level, DMT use and HLA-DRB1*15 status, having two copies of the MS risk allele within AHI1 (rs11154801) was associated with increased relapses among children (HR = 1.75,95%CI = 1.18-2.48, p = 0.006) and this result was also observed among adults (HR = 1.81,95%CI = 1.05-3.03, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the MS genetic risk variant within the gene AHI1 may contribute to disease course in addition to disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Graves
- UCSF Pediatric MS Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, School of Public Health, and California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Steve Simpson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Anita Belman
- National Pediatric MS Center, Stonybrook, NY, USA; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Rui Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Lauren Krupp
- National Pediatric MS Center, Stonybrook, NY, USA; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- UCSF Pediatric MS Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Ingrid A F van der Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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21
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Alterations in the expression of a neurodevelopmental gene exert long-lasting effects on cognitive-emotional phenotypes and functional brain networks: translational evidence from the stress-resilient Ahi1 knockout mouse. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:884-899. [PMID: 27021817 PMCID: PMC5444025 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders are highly heritable and may represent the clinical outcome of early aberrations in the formation of neural networks. The placement of brain connectivity as an 'intermediate phenotype' renders it an attractive target for exploring its interaction with genomics and behavior. Given the complexity of genetic make up and phenotypic heterogeneity in humans, translational studies are indicated. Recently, we demonstrated that a mouse model with heterozygous knockout of the key neurodevelopmental gene Ahi1 displays a consistent stress-resilient phenotype. Extending these data, the current research describes our multi-faceted effort to link early variations in Ahi1 expression with long-term consequences for functional brain networks and cognitive-emotional phenotypes. By combining behavioral paradigms with graph-based analysis of whole-brain functional networks, and then cross-validating the data with robust neuroinformatic data sets, our research suggests that physiological variation in gene expression during neurodevelopment is eventually translated into a continuum of global network metrics that serve as intermediate phenotypes. Within this framework, we suggest that organization of functional brain networks may result, in part, from an adaptive trade-off between efficiency and resilience, ultimately culminating in a phenotypic diversity that encompasses dimensions such as emotional regulation and cognitive function.
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22
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Nguyen TMT, Hull S, Roepman R, van den Born LI, Oud MM, de Vrieze E, Hetterschijt L, Letteboer SJF, van Beersum SEC, Blokland EA, Yntema HG, Cremers FPM, van der Zwaag PA, Arno G, van Wijk E, Webster AR, Haer-Wigman L. Missense mutations in the WD40 domain of AHI1 cause non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. J Med Genet 2017; 54:624-632. [PMID: 28442542 PMCID: PMC5574394 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent findings suggesting that Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) is involved in non-syndromic retinal disease have been debated, as the functional significance of identified missense variants was uncertain. We assessed whether AHI1 variants cause non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods Exome sequencing was performed in three probands with RP. The effects of the identified missense variants in AHI1 were predicted by three-dimensional structure homology modelling. Ciliary parameters were evaluated in patient’s fibroblasts, and recombinant mutant proteins were expressed in ciliated retinal pigmented epithelium cells. Results In the three patients with RP, three sets of compound heterozygous variants were detected in AHI1 (c.2174G>A; p.Trp725* and c.2258A>T; p.Asp753Val, c.660delC; p.Ser221Glnfs*10 and c.2090C>T; p.Pro697Leu, c.2087A>G; p.His696Arg and c.2429C>T; p.Pro810Leu). All four missense variants were present in the conserved WD40 domain of Jouberin, the ciliary protein encoded by AHI1, with variable predicted implications for the domain structure. No significant changes in the percentage of ciliated cells, nor in cilium length or intraflagellar transport were detected. However, expression of mutant recombinant Jouberin in ciliated cells showed a significantly decreased enrichment at the ciliary base. Conclusions This report confirms that mutations in AHI1 can underlie autosomal recessive RP. Moreover, it structurally and functionally validates the effect of the RP-associated AHI1 variants on protein function, thus proposing a new genotype–phenotype correlation for AHI1 mutation associated retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Minh T Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hull
- UniversityCollege London, Instituteof Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Machteld M Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Hetterschijt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stef J F Letteboer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E C van Beersum
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen A Blokland
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Arno
- UniversityCollege London, Instituteof Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Webster
- UniversityCollege London, Instituteof Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Srivastava S, Molinari E, Raman S, Sayer JA. Many Genes-One Disease? Genetics of Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and NPHP-Associated Disorders. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:287. [PMID: 29379777 PMCID: PMC5770800 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a renal ciliopathy and an autosomal recessive cause of cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal failure, affecting children and young adults. Molecular genetic studies have identified more than 20 genes underlying this disorder, whose protein products are all related to cilia, centrosome, or mitotic spindle function. In around 15% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, including retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. Alongside, gene identification has arisen molecular mechanistic insights into the disease pathogenesis. The genetic causes of NPHP are discussed in terms of how they help us to define treatable disease pathways including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, the mTOR pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathways, and DNA damage response pathways. While the underlying pathology of the many types of NPHP remains similar, the defined disease mechanisms are diverse, and a personalized medicine approach for therapy in NPHP patients is likely to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Unit, City Hospitals Sunderland and South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Raman
- Department of Histopathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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24
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Roberson EC, Dowdle WE, Ozanturk A, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Li C, Halbritter J, Elkhartoufi N, Porath JD, Cope H, Ashley-Koch A, Gregory S, Thomas S, Sayer JA, Saunier S, Otto EA, Katsanis N, Davis EE, Attié-Bitach T, Hildebrandt F, Leroux MR, Reiter JF. TMEM231, mutated in orofaciodigital and Meckel syndromes, organizes the ciliary transition zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:129-42. [PMID: 25869670 PMCID: PMC4395494 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
TMEM231, a functional component of the MKS complex at the ciliary transition zone, is mutated in orofaciodigital syndrome type 3 and Meckel syndrome. The Meckel syndrome (MKS) complex functions at the transition zone, located between the basal body and axoneme, to regulate the localization of ciliary membrane proteins. We investigated the role of Tmem231, a two-pass transmembrane protein, in MKS complex formation and function. Consistent with a role in transition zone function, mutation of mouse Tmem231 disrupts the localization of proteins including Arl13b and Inpp5e to cilia, resulting in phenotypes characteristic of MKS such as polydactyly and kidney cysts. Tmem231 and B9d1 are essential for each other and other complex components such as Mks1 to localize to the transition zone. As in mouse, the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue of Tmem231 localizes to and controls transition zone formation and function, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role for Tmem231. We identified TMEM231 mutations in orofaciodigital syndrome type 3 (OFD3) and MKS patients that compromise transition zone function. Thus, Tmem231 is critical for organizing the MKS complex and controlling ciliary composition, defects in which cause OFD3 and MKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle C Roberson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - William E Dowdle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Aysegul Ozanturk
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710
| | - Francesc R Garcia-Gonzalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan D Porath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Heidi Cope
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710 Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710
| | - Simon Gregory
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, England, UK Newcastle Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, England, UK
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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25
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Kadiyala SB, Papandrea D, Tuz K, Anderson TM, Jayakumar S, Herron BJ, Ferland RJ. Spatiotemporal differences in the c-fos pathway between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice following flurothyl-induced seizures: A dissociation of hippocampal Fos from seizure activity. Epilepsy Res 2014; 109:183-96. [PMID: 25524858 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Significant differences in seizure characteristics between inbred mouse strains highlight the importance of genetic predisposition to epilepsy. Here, we examined the genetic differences between the seizure-resistant C57BL/6J (B6) mouse strain and the seizure-susceptible DBA/2J (D2) strain in the phospho-Erk and Fos pathways to examine seizure-induced neuronal activity to uncover potential mechanistic correlates to these disparate seizure responsivities. Expression of neural activity markers was examined following 1, 5, or 8 seizures, or after 8 seizures, a 28 day rest period, and a final flurothyl rechallenge. Two brain regions, the hippocampus and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), had significantly different Fos expression profiles following seizures. Fos expression was highly robust in B6 hippocampus following one seizure and remained elevated following multiple seizures. Conversely, there was an absence of Fos (and phospho-Erk) expression in D2 hippocampus following one generalized seizure that increased with multiple seizures. This lack of Fos expression occurred despite intracranial electroencephalographic recordings indicating that the D2 hippocampus propagated ictal discharge during the first flurothyl seizure suggesting a dissociation of seizure discharge from Fos and phospho-Erk expression. Global transcriptional analysis confirmed a dysregulation of the c-fos pathway in D2 mice following 1 seizure. Moreover, global analysis of RNA expression differences between B6 and D2 hippocampus revealed a unique pattern of transcripts that were co-regulated with Fos in D2 hippocampus following 1 seizure. These expression differences could, in part, account for D2's seizure susceptibility phenotype. Following 8 seizures, a 28 day rest period, and a final flurothyl rechallenge, ∼85% of B6 mice develop a more complex seizure phenotype consisting of a clonic-forebrain seizure that uninterruptedly progresses into a brainstem seizure. This seizure phenotype in B6 mice is highly correlated with bilateral Fos expression in the VMH and was not observed in D2 mice, which always express clonic-forebrain seizures upon flurothyl retest. Overall, these results illustrate specific differences in protein and RNA expression in different inbred strains following seizures that precede the reorganizational events that affect seizure susceptibility and changes in seizure semiology over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar B Kadiyala
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Dominick Papandrea
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Karina Tuz
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Tara M Anderson
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Sachidhanand Jayakumar
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Bruce J Herron
- Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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26
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Lee YL, Santé J, Comerci CJ, Cyge B, Menezes LF, Li FQ, Germino GG, Moerner WE, Takemaru KI, Stearns T. Cby1 promotes Ahi1 recruitment to a ring-shaped domain at the centriole-cilium interface and facilitates proper cilium formation and function. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2919-33. [PMID: 25103236 PMCID: PMC4230582 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cby1 localizes to centrioles and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. Cby1−/− mice have cystic kidneys, and Cby1 facilitates primary cilium formation and ciliary recruitment of Arl13b. Cby1 localizes to a distal centriolar domain with Ofd1 and Ahi1, and the amount of Ahi1 at the transition zone is reduced in Cby1−/− cells. Defects in centrosome and cilium function are associated with phenotypically related syndromes called ciliopathies. Cby1, the mammalian orthologue of the Drosophila Chibby protein, localizes to mature centrioles, is important for ciliogenesis in multiciliated airway epithelia in mice, and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling via direct regulation of β-catenin. We report that deletion of the mouse Cby1 gene results in cystic kidneys, a phenotype common to ciliopathies, and that Cby1 facilitates the formation of primary cilia and ciliary recruitment of the Joubert syndrome protein Arl13b. Localization of Cby1 to the distal end of mature centrioles depends on the centriole protein Ofd1. Superresolution microscopy using both three-dimensional SIM and STED reveals that Cby1 localizes to an ∼250-nm ring at the distal end of the mature centriole, in close proximity to Ofd1 and Ahi1, a component of the transition zone between centriole and cilium. The amount of centriole-localized Ahi1, but not Ofd1, is reduced in Cby1−/− cells. This suggests that Cby1 is required for efficient recruitment of Ahi1, providing a possible molecular mechanism for the ciliogenesis defect in Cby1−/− cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Loon Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joshua Santé
- Department of Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Colin J Comerci
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Benjamin Cyge
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Luis F Menezes
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Feng-Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Gregory G Germino
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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27
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Tuz K, Bachmann-Gagescu R, O'Day DR, Hua K, Isabella CR, Phelps IG, Stolarski AE, O'Roak BJ, Dempsey JC, Lourenco C, Alswaid A, Bönnemann CG, Medne L, Nampoothiri S, Stark Z, Leventer RJ, Topçu M, Cansu A, Jagadeesh S, Done S, Ishak GE, Glass IA, Shendure J, Neuhauss SCF, Haldeman-Englert CR, Doherty D, Ferland RJ. Mutations in CSPP1 cause primary cilia abnormalities and Joubert syndrome with or without Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:62-72. [PMID: 24360808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a recessive ciliopathy in which a subset of affected individuals also have the skeletal dysplasia Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD). Here, we have identified biallelic truncating CSPP1 (centrosome and spindle pole associated protein 1) mutations in 19 JBTS-affected individuals, four of whom also have features of JATD. CSPP1 mutations explain ∼5% of JBTS in our cohort, and despite truncating mutations in all affected individuals, the range of phenotypic severity is broad. Morpholino knockdown of cspp1 in zebrafish caused phenotypes reported in other zebrafish models of JBTS (curved body shape, pronephric cysts, and cerebellar abnormalities) and reduced ciliary localization of Arl13b, further supporting loss of CSPP1 function as a cause of JBTS. Fibroblasts from affected individuals with CSPP1 mutations showed reduced numbers of primary cilia and/or short primary cilia, as well as reduced axonemal localization of ciliary proteins ARL13B and adenylyl cyclase III. In summary, CSPP1 mutations are a major cause of the Joubert-Jeune phenotype in humans; however, the mechanism by which these mutations lead to both JBTS and JATD remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Tuz
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana R O'Day
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kiet Hua
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Christine R Isabella
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian G Phelps
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allan E Stolarski
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer C Dempsey
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles Lourenco
- Neurogenetics Division, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Abdulrahman Alswaid
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, John Edward Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, AIMS Ponekkara Post Office, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Meral Topçu
- Department of Child Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ihsan Dogramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Ali Cansu
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, De Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | | | - Stephen Done
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chad R Haldeman-Englert
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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