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Chakraborty A, Kamat SS. Lysophosphatidylserine: A Signaling Lipid with Implications in Human Diseases. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5470-5504. [PMID: 38607675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) has emerged as yet another important signaling lysophospholipid in mammals, and deregulation in its metabolism has been directly linked to an array of human autoimmune and neurological disorders. It has an indispensable role in several biological processes in humans, and therefore, cellular concentrations of lyso-PS are tightly regulated to ensure optimal signaling and functioning in physiological settings. Given its biological importance, the past two decades have seen an explosion in the available literature toward our understanding of diverse aspects of lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and its association with human diseases. In this Review, we aim to comprehensively summarize different aspects of lyso-PS, such as its structure, biodistribution, chemical synthesis, and SAR studies with some synthetic analogs. From a biochemical perspective, we provide an exhaustive coverage of the diverse biological activities modulated by lyso-PSs, such as its metabolism and the receptors that respond to them in humans. We also briefly discuss the human diseases associated with aberrant lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and posit some future directions that may advance our understanding of lyso-PS-mediated mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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Loh W, Vermeren S. Anti-Inflammatory Neutrophil Functions in the Resolution of Inflammation and Tissue Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244076. [PMID: 36552840 PMCID: PMC9776979 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are highly abundant circulating leukocytes that are amongst the first cells to be recruited to sites of infection or sterile injury. Their ability to generate and release powerful cytotoxic products ties with their role in host defence from bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophilic inflammation is tightly regulated to limit the amount of 'bystander injury' caused. Neutrophils were in the past regarded as short-lived, indiscriminate killers of invading microorganisms. However, this view has changed quite dramatically in recent years. Amongst other insights, neutrophils are now recognised to also have important anti-inflammatory functions that are critical for the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. This minireview focusses on anti-inflammatory neutrophil functions, placing a particular focus on recent findings linked to neutrophil cell death, several types of which may be anti-inflammatory (apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps). These are discussed together with features that may further promote the clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis and reprogramming of macrophages to promote resolution and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waywen Loh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
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Heightened turnover and failed maturation of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Blood 2022; 139:1707-1721. [PMID: 34699591 PMCID: PMC8931516 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of NADPH oxidase activity leads to altered phagocyte responses and exaggerated inflammation in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We sought to assess the effects of Nox2 absence on monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) in gp91phox-/y mice during zymosan-induced peritonitis. MoMacs from CGD and wild-type (WT) peritonea were characterized over time after zymosan injection. Although numbers lavaged from both genotypes were virtually identical, there were marked differences in maturation: newly recruited WT MoMacs rapidly enlarged and matured, losing Ly6C and gaining MHCII, CD206, and CD36, whereas CGD MoMacs remained small and were mostly Ly6C+MHCII-. RNA-sequencing analyses showed few intrinsic differences between genotypes in newly recruited MoMacs but significant differences with time. WT MoMacs displayed changes in metabolism, adhesion, and reparative functions, whereas CGD MoMacs remained inflammatory. PKH dye labeling revealed that although WT MoMacs were mostly recruited within the first 24 hours and remained in the peritoneum while maturing and enlarging, CGD monocytes streamed into the peritoneum for days, with many migrating to the diaphragm where they were found in fibrin(ogen) clots surrounding clusters of neutrophils in nascent pyogranulomata. Importantly, these observations seemed to be driven by milieu: adoptive transfer of CGD MoMacs into inflamed peritonea of WT mice resulted in immunophenotypic maturation and normal behavior, whereas altered maturation/behavior of WT MoMacs resulted from transfer into inflamed peritonea of CGD mice. In addition, Nox2-deficient MoMacs behaved similarly to their Nox2-sufficient counterparts within the largely WT milieu of mixed bone marrow chimeras. These data show persistent recruitment with fundamental failure of MoMac maturation in CGD.
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Wu G, Wang X, Jin Q, Qi X, Zhang H. Enzymatic preparation of lysophosphatidylserine containing DHA from sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine and DHA in a solvent-free system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Phospholipase A1 Member A Activates Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes through the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312685. [PMID: 34884486 PMCID: PMC8657932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) is known to regulate immune cell functions. Phospholipase A1 member A (PLA1A) can generate this bioactive lipid through hydrolysis of sn-1 fatty acids on phosphatidylserine (PS). PLA1A has been associated with cancer metastasis, asthma, as well as acute coronary syndrome. However, the functions of PLA1A in the development of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases remain elusive. To investigate the possible implication of PLA1A during rheumatic diseases, we monitored PLA1A in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and plasma of early-diagnosed arthritis (EA) patients and clinically stable systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We used human primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) to evaluate the PLA1A-induced biological responses. Our results highlighted that the plasma concentrations of PLA1A in EA and SLE patients were elevated compared to healthy donors. High concentrations of PLA1A were also detected in synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to those from osteoarthritis (OA) and gout patients. The origin of PLA1A in FLSs and the arthritic joints remained unknown, as healthy human primary FLSs does not express the PLA1A transcript. Besides, the addition of recombinant PLA1A stimulated cultured human primary FLSs to secrete IL-8. Preincubation with heparin, autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor HA130 or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor antagonist Ki16425 reduced PLA1A-induced-secretion of IL-8. Our data suggested that FLS-associated PLA1A cleaves membrane-exposed PS into lysoPS, which is subsequently converted to LPA by ATX. Since primary FLSs do not express any lysoPS receptors, the data suggested PLA1A-mediated pro-inflammatory responses through the ATX-LPA receptor signaling axis.
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Lemire G, Ito YA, Marshall AE, Chrestian N, Stanley V, Brady L, Tarnopolsky M, Curry CJ, Hartley T, Mears W, Derksen A, Rioux N, Laflamme N, Hutchison HT, Pais LS, Zaki MS, Sultan T, Dane AD, Gleeson JG, Vaz FM, Kernohan KD, Bernard G, Boycott KM, Boycott KM. ABHD16A deficiency causes a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with intellectual disability and cerebral anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2017-2023. [PMID: 34587489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABHD16A (abhydrolase domain-containing protein 16A, phospholipase) encodes the major phosphatidylserine (PS) lipase in the brain. PS lipase synthesizes lysophosphatidylserine, an important signaling lipid that functions in the mammalian central nervous system. ABHD16A has not yet been associated with a human disease. In this report, we present a cohort of 11 affected individuals from six unrelated families with a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) who carry bi-allelic deleterious variants in ABHD16A. Affected individuals present with a similar phenotype consisting of global developmental delay/intellectual disability, progressive spasticity affecting the upper and lower limbs, and corpus callosum and white matter anomalies. Immunoblot analysis on extracts from fibroblasts from four affected individuals demonstrated little to no ABHD16A protein levels compared to controls. Our findings add ABHD16A to the growing list of lipid genes in which dysregulation can cause complicated forms of HSP and begin to describe the molecular etiology of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients Shows Presence of Potent Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910467. [PMID: 34638812 PMCID: PMC8509011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry important biomolecules, including metabolites, and contribute to the spread and pathogenesis of some viruses. However, to date, limited data are available on EV metabolite content that might play a crucial role during infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, this study aimed to perform untargeted metabolomics to identify key metabolites and associated pathways that are present in EVs, isolated from the serum of COVID-19 patients. The results showed the presence of antivirals and antibiotics such as Foscarnet, Indinavir, and lymecycline in EVs from patients treated with these drugs. Moreover, increased levels of anti-inflammatory metabolites such as LysoPS, 7-α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol, and 15-d-PGJ2 were detected in EVs from COVID-19 patients when compared with controls. Further, we found decreased levels of metabolites associated with coagulation, such as thromboxane and elaidic acid, in EVs from COVID-19 patients. These findings suggest that EVs not only carry active drug molecules but also anti-inflammatory metabolites, clearly suggesting that exosomes might play a crucial role in negotiating with heightened inflammation during COVID-19 infection. These preliminary results could also pave the way for the identification of novel metabolites that might act as critical regulators of inflammatory pathways during viral infections.
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Nguyen NH, Glassman FY, Dingman RK, Shenoy GN, Wohlfert EA, Kay JG, Bankert RB, Balu-Iyer SV. Rational design of a nanoparticle platform for oral prophylactic immunotherapy to prevent immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17853. [PMID: 34497305 PMCID: PMC8426360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of several life-saving therapeutic proteins are compromised due to their immunogenicity. Once a sustained immune response against a protein-based therapy is established, clinical options that are safe and cost-effective become limited. Prevention of immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins prior to their initial use is critical as it is often difficult to reverse an established immune response. Here, we discuss a rational design and testing of a phosphatidylserine-containing nanoparticle platform for novel oral prophylactic reverse vaccination approach, i.e., pre-treatment of a therapeutic protein in the presence of nanoparticles to prevent immunogenicity of protein therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan H Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, 359 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Fiona Y Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, 359 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Robert K Dingman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, 359 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Gautam N Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wohlfert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard B Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, 359 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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10
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Leimanis-Laurens ML, Ferguson K, Wolfrum E, Boville B, Sanfilippo D, Lydic TA, Prokop JW, Rajasekaran S. Pediatric Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: Analysis by an Untargeted "Shotgun" Lipidomic Approach Reveals Low-Abundance Plasma Phospholipids and Dynamic Recovery over 8-Day Period, a Single-Center Observational Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:774. [PMID: 33673500 PMCID: PMC7997359 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are molecules involved in metabolism and inflammation. This study investigates the plasma lipidome for markers of severity and nutritional status in critically ill children. Children with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (n = 24) are analyzed at three time-points and cross-referenced to sedation controls (n = 4) for a total of N = 28. Eight of the patients with MODS, needed veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support to survive. Blood plasma lipid profiles are quantified by nano-electrospray (nESI), direct infusion high resolution/accurate mass spectrometry (MS), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and compared to nutritional profiles and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores. Our results show that PELOD scores were not significantly different between MODS and ECMO cases across time-points (p = 0.66). Lipid profiling provides stratification between sedation controls and all MODS patients for total lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) (p-value = 0.004), total phosphatidylserine (PS) (p-value = 0.015), and total ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ether-PE) (p-value = 0.03) after adjusting for sex and age. Nutrition intake over time did not correlate with changes in lipid profiles, as measured by caloric and protein intake. Lipid measurement in the intensive care environment shows dynamic changes over an 8-day pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) course, suggesting novel metabolic indicators for defining critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara L. Leimanis-Laurens
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (K.F.); (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pediatric and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Bldg. 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Karen Ferguson
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (K.F.); (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Emily Wolfrum
- Van Andel Institute, Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Brian Boville
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (K.F.); (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pediatric and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Bldg. 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Dominic Sanfilippo
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (K.F.); (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pediatric and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Bldg. 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Todd A. Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jeremy W. Prokop
- Department of Pediatric and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Bldg. 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (K.F.); (B.B.); (D.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pediatric and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Bldg. 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Kim HJ, Sim MS, Lee DH, Kim C, Choi Y, Park H, Chung IY. Lysophosphatidylserine induces eosinophil extracellular trap formation and degranulation: Implications in severe asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:3159-3170. [PMID: 32535937 DOI: 10.1111/all.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence demonstrates that activated eosinophils undergo a distinct form of lytic cell death, accompanied by formation of DNA-based eosinophil extracellular trap (EET) and degranulation, enhancing inflammatory immune responses in asthmatic airways. We previously showed that human blood eosinophils undergo degranulation in response to lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), an inflammatory lipid mediator, and strongly express P2Y10, a LysoPS receptor. METHODS We evaluated EET, degranulation, and cell death of eosinophils in response to various concentrations of LysoPS. We also compared responsiveness to LysoPS between eosinophils from severe and nonsevere asthmatics. RESULTS Extensive EET formation was elicited from a substantial fraction of stimulated eosinophils in response to 50 μmol/L LysoPS. Analyses for LDH and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin release showed that both lytic cell death and degranulation accompanied EET formation in response to LysoPS. Cytological analyses demonstrated that citrullinated histone 3 was present in the extracellular, filamentous DNA structure embedded with eosinophil granules. The LysoPS-induced EET was independent of ROS production and irrelevant to several signaling pathways examined, but dependent on protein arginine deiminase 4. A low concentration of LysoPS (5 μmol/L) did not induce EET or degranulation, but significantly increased platelet-activating factor-induced degranulation. Eosinophils from severe asthmatics exhibited greater degranulation, but not EET formation, in response to LysoPS (50 μmol/L), than those from nonsevere asthmatics, along with great expression of surface P2Y10. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel function of LysoPS, namely induction of EET in association with cytolysis and degranulation. LysoPS-dependent EET or degranulation plays a potential role in eosinophilic inflammation of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology College of Technology Hanyang University Ansan South Korea
| | - Myeong Seong Sim
- Department of Bionanotechnology College of Technology Hanyang University Ansan South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon South Korea
| | - Chun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science College of Science and Convergence Hanyang University Ansan South Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon South Korea
| | - Hae‐Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon South Korea
| | - Il Yup Chung
- Department of Bionanotechnology College of Technology Hanyang University Ansan South Korea
- Department of Molecular and Life Science College of Science and Convergence Hanyang University Ansan South Korea
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12
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The Lysophosphatidylserines-An Emerging Class of Signalling Lysophospholipids. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:381-397. [PMID: 32767057 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are potent hormone-like signalling biological lipids that regulate many important biological processes in mammals (including humans). Lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate represent the best studied examples for this lipid class, and their metabolic enzymes and/or cognate receptors are currently under clinical investigation for treatment of various neurological and autoimmune diseases in humans. Over the past two decades, the lysophsophatidylserines (lyso-PSs) have emerged as yet another biologically important lysophospholipid, and deregulation in its metabolism has been linked to various human pathophysiological conditions. Despite its recent emergence, an exhaustive review summarizing recent advances on lyso-PSs and the biological pathways that this bioactive lysophospholipid regulates has been lacking. To address this, here, we summarize studies that led to the discovery of lyso-PS as a potent signalling biomolecule, and discuss the structure, its detection in biological systems, and the biodistribution of this lysophospholipid in various mammalian systems. Further, we describe in detail the enzymatic pathways that are involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of this lipid and the putative lyso-PS receptors reported in the literature. Finally, we discuss the various biological pathways directly regulated by lyso-PSs in mammals and prospect new questions for this still emerging biomedically important signalling lysophospholipid.
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13
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Singh S, Joshi A, Kamat SS. Mapping the Neuroanatomy of ABHD16A, ABHD12, and Lysophosphatidylserines Provides New Insights into the Pathophysiology of the Human Neurological Disorder PHARC. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2299-2311. [PMID: 32462874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS), a lysophospholipid derived from phosphatidylserine (PS), has emerged as a potent signaling lipid in mammalian physiology. In vivo, the metabolic serine hydrolases ABHD16A and ABHD12 are major lipases that biosynthesize and degrade lyso-PS, respectively. Of biomedical relevance, deleterious mutations to ABHD12 cause accumulation of lyso-PS in the brain, and this deregulated lyso-PS metabolism leads to the human genetic neurological disorder PHARC (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract). While the roles of ABHD16A and ABHD12 in lyso-PS metabolism in the mammalian brain are well established, the anatomical and (sub)cellular localizations of both lipases and the functional cross-talk between them with respect to regulating lyso-PS lipids remain under investigated. Here, using subcellular organelle fractionation, biochemical assays, and immunofluorescence-based high-resolution microscopy, we show that the PS lipase ABHD16A is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzyme, an organelle intricately regulating cellular PS levels. In addition, leveraging immunohistochemical analysis using genetic ABHD16A and ABHD12 knockout mice as important controls, we map the anatomical distribution of both of these lipases in tandem in the murine brain and show for the first time the distinct localization of these lipases to different regions and cells of the cerebellum. We complement the aforementioned immunohistochemical studies by quantitatively measuring lyso-PS concentrations in various brain regions using mass spectrometry and find that the cerebellar lyso-PS levels are most affected by deletion of ABHD16A (decreased) or ABHD12 (increased). Taken together, our studies provide new insights into lyso-PS signaling in the cerebellum, the most atrophic brain region in human PHARC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Alaumy Joshi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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14
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Elevated phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1 level in hyperthyroidism. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Glassman FY, Dingman R, Yau HC, Balu-Iyer SV. Biological Function and Immunotherapy Utilizing Phosphatidylserine-based Nanoparticles. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:858-874. [PMID: 32204629 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1738456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a naturally occurring anionic phospholipid that is primarily located in the inner leaflet of eukaryotic cell membranes. The role of PS during apoptosis is one of the most studied biological functions of PS. Externalization of PS during apoptosis mediates an "eat me" signal for phagocytic uptake, leading to clearance of apoptotic cells and thus maintain self-tolerance by immunological ignorance. However, an emerging view is that PS exposure-mediated cellular uptake is not an immunologically silent event, but rather promoting an active tolerance towards self and foreign proteins. This biological property of PS has been exploited by parasites and viruses in order to evade immune surveillance of the host immune system. Further, this novel immune regulatory property of PS that results in tolerance induction can be harnessed for clinical applications, such as to treat autoimmune conditions and to reduce immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. This review attempts to provide an overview of the biological functions of PS in the immune response and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Y Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York, USA.,Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Currently at CSL Behring , King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Dingman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Helena C Yau
- Department of Film and Media Studies, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York, USA
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16
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Lysophosphatidylinositols in inflammation and macrophage activation: Altered levels and anti-inflammatory effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1458-1468. [PMID: 30251703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylinositols (LPI) are bioactive lipids that are implicated in several pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis and were shown to play a role in obesity and metabolic disorders. Often, these effects of LPI were due to activation of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55. However, the role of LPI and GPR55 in inflammation and macrophage activation remains unclear. Therefore, we thought to study the effect of macrophage activation and inflammation on LPI levels and metabolism. To do so, we used J774 and BV2 cells in culture activated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 100 ng/mL) as well as primary mouse alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. We also quantified LPI levels in the cerebellum, lung, liver, spleen and colon of mice with a systemic inflammation induced by LPS (300 μg/kg) and in the colon of mice with acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and chronic DSS-induced colitis. Our data show that LPS-induced macrophage activation leads to altered LPI levels in both the cells and culture medium. We also show that cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) and α/β‑hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) are among the enzymes implicated in LPI metabolism in J774 macrophages. Indeed, ABHD6 and cPLA2α inhibition increased 20:4-LPI levels in LPS-activated macrophages. Furthermore, incubation of LPS-activated cells with LPI decreased J774 activation in a GPR55-dependent manner. In vivo, LPI levels were altered by inflammation in the liver, spleen and colon. These alterations are tissue dependent and could highlight a potential role for LPI in inflammatory processes.
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17
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Glassman FY, Balu-Iyer SV. Subcutaneous administration of Lyso-phosphatidylserine nanoparticles induces immunological tolerance towards Factor VIII in a Hemophilia A mouse model. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:642-648. [PMID: 29981412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A major complication with enzyme replacement therapy of Factor VIII (FVIII) in Hemophilia A (HA) is the development of anti-drug antibodies. Recently, we have shown that FVIII administration in the presence of heterogeneous phosphatidylserine (PS) nanoparticles derived from a natural source induces tolerance to FVIII, suggesting that PS converts an immunogen to a tolerogen. However, the specific structural features responsible for the immune-regulatory properties of PS is unclear. Identifying a specific PS species that is responsible is critical in order to further develop and optimize this nanoparticle. Further, clinical development of this lipid-based strategy requires optimization of the lipid particle that is homogeneous and synthetic. Here, we investigate the ability of mono-acylated Lyso-PS to induce hypo-responsiveness towards FVIII in HA mice. Administration of both PS and Lyso-PS FVIII significantly reduced anti-FVIII antibody responses despite rechallenge with FVIII. Additionally, the Lyso-PS-mediated effect was shown to be antigen-specific as mice responded normally against a rechallenge with an unrelated antigen, ovalbumin. Furthermore, the hypo-responsiveness observed with Lyso-PS may involve interactions with a specific PS receptor, TIM-4, along with increasing regulatory T-cells. These data indicate that using Lyso-PS allows for a more homogenous formulation in order to induce tolerance towards therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Y Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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18
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Wang HY, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xiong SY, Sun Q. Crosslink between lipids and acute uveitis: a lipidomic analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:736-746. [PMID: 29862170 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the roles of phospholipids and sphingolipids in the inflammatory process of uveitis. METHODS Aqueous humor (AH) and the retina were obtained from endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rats during the acute inflammation stage (24h after endotoxin injection). Lipids were extracted using a modified Bligh and Dyer method and subjected to mass spectrometric identification using class-specific lipid standards and ratiometric quantification. Relative intensity analysis was performed to evaluate the amount change of common lipids between the EIU and control groups. RESULTS Unique lipid species encompassing all five phospholipid classes were found in both control and the EIU AH and retina. Commensurate with the significantly increased level of lysophospholipids in the EIU AH and retina, we found that the ratio of lysophospholipids to total phospholipids was significantly increased too. We also detected a significant increase in 18:0 lysophosphatidylcholine levels in the EIU group (fold change =6.4 in AH and 3.8 in retina). Cer240, Cer241, and SM240 levels remarkably increased in the EIU AH. Enhanced C12 ceramide-1-phosphate (C12 C-1-P), C16 C-1-P, C24 C-1-P, and upregulated Cer160, Cer240, SM120, and SM240 were found in EIU retina. C-1-P was believed to restore homeostasis by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. However, we still found elevated NF-κB levels in the EIU retina. CONCLUSION A variety of lipids might have played a critical role in EIU inflammation. Exogenous topical application of these protective lipids or inhibition of these pro-inflammatory lipids may be useful therapeutic strategies for the resolution of EIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shu-Yu Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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19
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Two-in-one: UV radiation simultaneously induces apoptosis and NETosis. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:51. [PMID: 29736268 PMCID: PMC5919968 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
NETosis is a unique form of neutrophil death that differs from apoptosis and necrosis. However, whether NETosis and apoptosis can occur simultaneously in the same neutrophil is unknown. In this paper, we show that increasing doses of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation increases NETosis, which is confirmed by myeloperoxidase colocalisation to neutrophil extracellular DNA. Increasing UV irradiation increases caspase 3 activation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p38, but not ERK, phosphorylation. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production and p38 activation, but not NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, suppresses UV-induced NETosis, indicating that UV induces NOX-independent NETosis. Like classical NOX-dependent and -independent NETosis, UV-induced NETosis requires transcriptional firing for chromatin decondensation. Cell death-specific inhibitor studies indicate that UV-mediated NETosis is not apoptosis, necrosis or necroptosis. Collectively, these studies indicate that increasing doses of UV irradiation induce both apoptosis and NETosis simultaneously, but the ultimate outcome is the induction of a novel form of NOX-independent NETosis, or “ApoNETosis”.
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20
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Su YS, Huang YF, Wong J, Lee CW, Hsieh WS, Sun WH. G2A as a Threshold Regulator of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia Modulates Chronic Hyperalgesia. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:39-50. [PMID: 29159784 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury, pathogen infection, and diseases are often accompanied by inflammation to release mediators that sensitize nociceptors and further recruit immune cells, which can lead to chronic hyperalgesia and inflammation. Tissue acidosis, occurring at the inflammatory site, is a major factor contributing to pain and hyperalgesia. The receptor G2 accumulation (G2A), expressed in neurons and immune cells, responds to protons or oxidized free fatty acids such as 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid produced by injured cells or oxidative stresses. We previously found increased G2A expression in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at 90 min after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain, but whether G2A is involved in the inflammation or hyperalgesia remained unclear. In this study, we overexpressed or knocked-down G2A gene expression in DRG to explore the roles of G2A. G2A overexpression reduced the infiltration of acute immune cells (granulocytes) and attenuated hyperalgesia at 90 to 240 min after CFA injection. G2A knockdown increased the number of immune cells before CFA injection and prolonged the inflammatory hyperalgesia after CFA injection. G2A may serve as a threshold regulator in neurons to attenuate the initial nociceptive and inflammatory signals, modulating the chronic state of hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Shiuan Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongda Road 300, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 32054
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongda Road 300, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 32054
| | - Jen Wong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongda Road 300, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 32054
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongda Road 300, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 32054
| | - Wei-Shan Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongda Road 300, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 32054
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongda Road 300, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 32054. .,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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21
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Nesterova IV, Kolesnikova NV, Chudilova GA, Lomtatidze LV, Kovaleva SV, Evglevsky AA, Nguyen TL. THE NEW LOOK AT NEUTROPHILIC GRANULOCYTES: RETHINKING OLD DOGMAS. PART 1. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2017. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2017-3-219-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Numerous modern basic research done undeniable fact that neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) are key effector and regulatory circuits both innate and adaptive immunity, and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. NG have potent receptor repertoire, providing a connection between them, cells of the immune system, as well as communication with endothelial cells, epithelial and other tissues. NG inducing stimuli activate and promote the translocation of cytoplasmic granules and vesicles surface molecules on the cytoplasmic membrane the secretion of a large spectrum of pro-and anti-inf lammatory, immunoregulatory cytokines, colony, angiogenic factors and fibrogenic, TNF superfamily members, chemokines, regulatory protein, etc. Chromatin nuclei NG capable of restructuring under the influence of inducing stimuli, which is associated with the expression of multiple cytokine genes. NG receiving complex cytokine inf luence not only acquire new features, but also in various stages of activation and differentiation processes involved in intracellular intraphagosomalis degranulation and killing of implementing elimination microorganisms and extracellular neutrophil degranulation in the formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), while this dying through NETosis. Features NG phenotype and their functional properties, demonstrate the existence of subpopulations of NG with different capabilities: equipment of different receptor, the ability to restructure chromatin expressing cytokine genes and secrete cytokines to implement the contents of the granular system, produce reactive oxygen species, implement cytotoxicity form NET. In our opinion, there subpopulation NG: regulatory; suppressor; proinf lammatory — initiating an inf lammatory response; inf lammation with a positive potential microbicidal (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal); inf lammatory cytotoxic potential of the negative — “aggressive”; anti-inf lammation regulating regression; antitumoral — TAN1; pro-tumoral — TAN2; hybrid, combining the characteristics of NG and dendritic cells. The absence of adequate response, or hyperactivation blockade NG functions leads to the development of low-intensity infectious and inf lammatory diseases, do not respond to conventional therapy of autoimmune diseases/chronic immune-dependent processes. Remodeling dysfunctions NG — the key to new immunotherapeutic strategies.
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22
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Abstract
Given the dual and intrinsically contradictory roles of myeloid cells in both protective and yet also damaging effects of inflammatory and immunological processes, we suggest that it is important to consider the mechanisms and circumstances by which these cells are removed, either in the normal unchallenged state or during inflammation or disease. In this essay we address these subjects from a conceptual perspective, focusing as examples on four main myeloid cell types (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells) and their clearance from the circulation or from naive and inflamed tissues. While the primary clearance process appears to involve endocytic uptake into macrophages, various tissue cell types can also recognize and remove dying cells, though their overall quantitative contribution is unclear. In fact, surprisingly, given the wealth of study in this area over the last 30 years, our conclusion is that we are still challenged with a substantial lack of mechanistic and regulatory understanding of when, how, and by what mechanisms migratory myeloid cells come to die and are recognized as needing to be removed, and indeed the precise processes of uptake of either the intact or fragmented cells. This reflects the extreme complexity and inherent redundancy of the clearance processes and argues for substantial investigative effort in this arena. In addition, it leads us to a sense that approaches to significant therapeutic modulation of selective myeloid clearance are still a long way off.
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23
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang Z, Lu Y, Xu Y, Wang K, Shen H, Yang P, Li S, Qin X, Yu H. Quantitative profiling of glycerophospholipids during mouse and human macrophage differentiation using targeted mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:412. [PMID: 28341849 PMCID: PMC5428309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have shown that this process plays a role in infections and contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other immunometabolic diseases. M1 macrophages, or classically activated macrophages, are key players in the defense against bacterial infections. M2 macrophages, or alternatively activated macrophages, are involved in anti-inflammatory responses. Using the multiple reaction monitoring method, we identified changes in lipid composition during the differentiation of human and murine macrophages. We detected over 300 lipid molecules in mammalian macrophages, and we observed a striking shift in the composition of glycerophospholipids (GLs) from saturated and monounsaturated to polyunsaturated during human macrophage polarization. Moreover, M2 macrophages showed a higher level of lysophospholipids (lysoGLs) than did M1 macrophages. The lysoPI species increased in human and mouse M2 macrophages, suggesting that they may be involved in M2 macrophage polarization and anti-inflammatory processes. Collectively, these results indicate that lipids may play a role in the pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of macrophages and may be markers of the macrophage activation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huali Shen
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Zhang T, Watson DG, Zhang R, Hou R, Loeffler IK, Kennedy MW. Changeover from signalling to energy-provisioning lipids during transition from colostrum to mature milk in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36141. [PMID: 27808224 PMCID: PMC5093549 DOI: 10.1038/srep36141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the large placental mammals, ursids give birth to the most altricial neonates with the lowest neonatal:maternal body mass ratios. This is particularly exemplified by giant pandas. To examine whether there is compensation for the provision of developmentally important nutrients that other species groups may provide in utero, we examined changes in the lipids of colostrum and milk with time after birth in giant pandas. Lipids that are developmental signals or signal precursors, and those that are fundamental to nervous system construction, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and phosphatidylserines, appear early and then fall dramatically in concentration to a baseline at 20–30 days. The dynamics of lysophosphatidic acid and eicosanoids display similar patterns, but with progressive differences between mothers. Triglycerides occur at relatively low levels initially and increase in concentration until a plateau is reached at about 30 days. These patterns indicate an early provision of signalling lipids and their precursors, particularly lipids crucial to brain, retinal and central nervous system development, followed by a changeover to lipids for energy metabolism. Thus, in giant pandas, and possibly in all bears, lactation is adapted to provisioning a highly altricial neonate to a degree that suggests equivalence to an extension of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Rong Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, P.R. China
| | - I Kati Loeffler
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, P.R. China
| | - Malcolm W Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, and Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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25
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Frasch SC, McNamee EN, Kominsky D, Jedlicka P, Jakubzick C, Zemski Berry K, Mack M, Furuta GT, Lee JJ, Henson PM, Colgan SP, Bratton DL. G2A Signaling Dampens Colitic Inflammation via Production of IFN-γ. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:1425-34. [PMID: 27402702 PMCID: PMC4975950 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory consequences have been described for lysophosphatidylcholine, a lipid product of cellular injury, signaling via the G protein-coupled receptor G2A on myeloid and lymphoid inflammatory cells. This prompted the hypothesis that genetic deletion of G2A would limit intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Surprisingly, G2A(-/-) mice exhibited significantly worsened colitis compared with wild-type mice, as demonstrated by disease activity, colon shortening, histology, and elevated IL-6 and IL-5 in colon tissues. Investigation of inflammatory cells recruited to inflamed G2A(-/-) colons showed significantly more TNF-α(+) and Ly6C(hi)MHCII(-) proinflammatory monocytes and eosinophils than in wild-type colons. Both monocytes and eosinophils were pathogenic as their depletion abolished the excess inflammation in G2A(-/-) mice. G2A(-/-) mice also had less IFN-γ in inflamed colon tissues than wild-type mice. Fewer CD4(+) lymphocytes were recruited to inflamed G2A(-/-) colons, and fewer colonic lymphocytes produced IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation. Administration of IFN-γ to G2A(-/-) mice during dextran sodium sulfate exposure abolished the excess colitic inflammation and reduced colonic IL-5 and eosinophil numbers to levels seen in wild-type mice. Furthermore, IFN-γ reduced the numbers of TNF-α(+) monocyte and enhanced their maturation from Ly6C(hi)MHCII(-) to Ly6C(int)MHCII(+) Taken together, the data suggest that G2A signaling serves to dampen intestinal inflammation via the production of IFN-γ, which, in turn, enhances monocyte maturation to a less inflammatory program and ultimately reduces eosinophil-induced injury of colonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Douglas Kominsky
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Claudia Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Karin Zemski Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045; Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
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26
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Kurano M, Dohi T, Nojiri T, Kobayashi T, Hirowatari Y, Inoue A, Kano K, Matsumoto H, Igarashi K, Nishikawa M, Miyauchi K, Daida H, Ikeda H, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Blood levels of serotonin are specifically correlated with plasma lysophosphatidylserine among the glycero-lysophospholipids. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 4:92-8. [PMID: 26675681 PMCID: PMC4661731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds Glycero-lysophospholipids (glycero-LPLs), which are known to exert potent biological activities, have been demonstrated to be secreted from activated platelets in vitro; however, their association with platelet activation in vivo has not been yet elucidated. In this study, we investigated the correlations between the blood levels of each glycero-LPL and serotonin, a biomarker of platelet activation, in human subjects to elucidate the involvement of platelet activation in glycero-LPLs in vivo. Methods and Results We measured the plasma serotonin levels in 141 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography (acute coronary syndrome, n = 38; stable angina pectoris, n = 71; angiographically normal coronary arteries, n = 32) and investigated the correlations between the plasma levels of serotonin and glycero-LPLs. The results revealed the existence of a specific and significant association between the plasma serotonin and plasma lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) levels. On the contrary, regular aspirin intake failed to affect the plasma LysoPS levels despite the fact that the plasma lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, and lysophosphatidylinositol levels were lower in those who had taken aspirin regularly. Conclusion We found a specific positive correlation between the blood levels of serotonin and LysoPS, a new lipid mediator. Thus, LysoPS might be specifically involved in strong platelet activation, which is associated with the release of serotonin. General Significance Our present results suggest the possible involvement of LysoPS in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases. A significant positive correlation between the plasma serotonin and lysophosphatidylserine was observed. Regular intake of aspirin had no influence on plasma lysophosphatidylserine. PS-PLA1 was correlated with lysophosphatidylserine only in acute coronary syndrome.
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Key Words
- ACS, acute coronary syndrome
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Aspirin
- Glycero-LPL, glycero-lysophospholipid
- Glycero-lysophospholipids
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- LPL, lysophospholipid
- LysoPA, lysophosphatidic acids
- LysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LysoPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LysoPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- LysoPI, lysophosphatidylinositol
- LysoPS, lysophosphatidylserine
- Lysophosphatidylserine
- NCA, angiographically normal coronary arteries
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- PS-PLA1, phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1;
- SAP, stable angina pectoris
- Serotonin
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
| | - Tomotaka Dohi
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nojiri
- The University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kobayashi
- The University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirowatari
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
- Saitama Prefectural University, Laboratory Science, Department of Health Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Tohoku University, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Miyagi, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
- Tohoku University, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Tohoku University, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
- The University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
- Tohoku University, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
- The University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author at: The University of Tokyo, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.The University of TokyoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medicine7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-8655Japan
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yong Kim
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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28
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Immunomodulatory lysophosphatidylserines are regulated by ABHD16A and ABHD12 interplay. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:164-71. [PMID: 25580854 PMCID: PMC4301979 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Fernandez-Boyanapalli RF, Frasch SC, Thomas SM, Malcolm KC, Nicks M, Harbeck RJ, Jakubzick CV, Nemenoff R, Henson PM, Holland SM, Bratton DL. Pioglitazone restores phagocyte mitochondrial oxidants and bactericidal capacity in chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:517-527.e12. [PMID: 25498313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results in susceptibility to certain pathogens secondary to impaired oxidative killing and mobilization of other phagocyte defenses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, including pioglitazone, approved for type 2 diabetes therapy alter cellular metabolism and can heighten ROS production. It was hypothesized that pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice, a murine model of human CGD, would enhance phagocyte oxidant production and killing of Staphylococcus aureus, a significant pathogen in patients with this disorder. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice enhanced phagocyte oxidant production and host defense. METHODS Wild-type and gp91(phox-/-) mice were treated with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, and phagocyte ROS and killing of S aureus were investigated. RESULTS As demonstrated by 3 different ROS-sensing probes, short-term treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice with pioglitazone enhanced stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and monocytes from blood and neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages recruited to tissues. Mitochondria were identified as the source of ROS. Findings were replicated in human monocytes from patients with CGD after ex vivo pioglitazone treatment. Importantly, although mitochondrial (mt)ROS were deficient in gp91(phox-/-) phagocytes, their restoration with treatment significantly enabled killing of S aureus both ex vivo and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data support the hypothesis that signaling from the NADPH oxidase under normal circumstances governs phagocyte mtROS production and that such signaling is lacking in the absence of a functioning phagocyte oxidase. PPARγ agonism appears to bypass the need for the NADPH oxidase for enhanced mtROS production and partially restores host defense in CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stacey M Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Michael Nicks
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Ronald J Harbeck
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Raphael Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
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30
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Nishikawa M, Kurano M, Ikeda H, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Lysophosphatidylserine has Bilateral Effects on Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 22:518-26. [PMID: 25445889 DOI: 10.5551/jat.25650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Lysophospholipids, particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid, are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, the role of lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) in the onset of atherosclerotic diseases remains uncertain. METHODS We investigated the effects of LysoPS on the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and the modulation of inflammatory mediators and ER stress utilizing RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). RESULTS We found that LysoPS augmented cholesterol accumulation in both models. Consistent with these findings, LysoPS increased the expression of scavenger receptors (CD36, MSR1, LOX1 and TLR4). Regarding the involvement of these lipids in inflammation, LysoPS significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and MPMs. LysoPS also attenuated ER stress in LPS-untreated RAW264.7 cells. The expression patterns of LysoPS receptors differed considerably among the LPS-untreated RAW264.7 cells, LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and MPMs. CONCLUSIONS LysoPS may have proatherosclerotic properties in the setting of foam cell formation as well as antiatherosclerotic effects on inflammation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Kimani SG, Geng K, Kasikara C, Kumar S, Sriram G, Wu Y, Birge RB. Contribution of Defective PS Recognition and Efferocytosis to Chronic Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:566. [PMID: 25426118 PMCID: PMC4226236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and efficient clearance of apoptotic cells results in the elimination of auto-antigens and provides a strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signal to prevent autoimmunity. While professional and non-professional phagocytes utilize a wide array of surface receptors to recognize apoptotic cells, the recognition of phosphatidylserine (PS) on apoptotic cells by PS receptors on phagocytes is the emblematic signal for efferocytosis in metazoans. PS-dependent efferocytosis is associated with the production of anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10 and TGF-β that function, in part, to maintain tolerance to auto-antigens. In contrast, when apoptotic cells fail to be recognized and processed for degradation, auto-antigens persist, such as self-nucleic acids, which can trigger immune activation leading to autoantibody production and autoimmunity. Despite the fact that genetic mouse models clearly demonstrate that loss of PS receptors can lead to age-dependent auto-immune diseases reminiscent of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the link between PS and defective clearance in chronic inflammation and human autoimmunity is not well delineated. In this perspective, we review emerging questions developing in the field that may be of relevance to SLE and human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Gititu Kimani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences - Cancer Center , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - Ke Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences - Cancer Center , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - Canan Kasikara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences - Cancer Center , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences - Cancer Center , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - Ganapathy Sriram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences - Cancer Center , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou , China ; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences - Cancer Center , Newark, NJ , USA
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32
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Makide K, Uwamizu A, Shinjo Y, Ishiguro J, Okutani M, Inoue A, Aoki J. Novel lysophosphoplipid receptors: their structure and function. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1986-95. [PMID: 24891334 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now accepted that lysophospholipids (LysoGPs) have a wide variety of functions as lipid mediators that are exerted through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) specific to each lysophospholipid. While the roles of some LysoGPs, such as lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, have been thoroughly examined, little is known about the roles of several other LysoGPs, such as lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), lysophosphatidylthreonine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and lysophosphatidylglycerol. Recently, a GPCR was found for LPI (GPR55) and three GPCRs (GPR34/LPS1, P2Y10/LPS2, and GPR174/LPS3) were found for LysoPS. In this review, we focus on these newly identified GPCRs and summarize the actions of LysoPS and LPI as lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Makide
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiharu Uwamizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Shinjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiyo Okutani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama, Japan
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33
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Im DS. Intercellular Lipid Mediators and GPCR Drug Discovery. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:411-22. [PMID: 24404331 PMCID: PMC3879912 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest superfamily of receptors responsible for signaling between cells and tissues, and because they play important physiological roles in homeostasis, they are major drug targets. New technologies have been developed for the identification of new ligands, new GPCR functions, and for drug discovery purposes. In particular, intercellular lipid mediators, such as, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate have attracted much attention for drug discovery and this has resulted in the development of fingolimod (FTY-720) and AM095. The discovery of new intercellular lipid mediators and their GPCRs are discussed from the perspective of drug development. Lipid GPCRs for lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine, free fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, and other lipid mediators are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The prompt removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis. The molecular and cellular events that underpin apoptotic cell recognition and uptake, and the subsequent biological responses, are increasingly better defined. The detection and disposal of apoptotic cells generally promote an anti-inflammatory response at the tissue level, as well as immunological tolerance. Consequently, defects in apoptotic cell clearance have been linked with various inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. Conversely, under certain conditions, such as the killing of tumour cells by specific cell-death inducers, the recognition of apoptotic tumour cells can promote an immunogenic response and antitumour immunity. Here, we review the current understanding of the complex process of apoptotic cell clearance in physiology and pathology, and discuss how this knowledge could be harnessed for new therapeutic strategies.
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35
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Tyurin VA, Balasubramanian K, Winnica D, Tyurina YY, Vikulina AS, He RR, Kapralov AA, Macphee CH, Kagan VE. Oxidatively modified phosphatidylserines on the surface of apoptotic cells are essential phagocytic 'eat-me' signals: cleavage and inhibition of phagocytosis by Lp-PLA2. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:825-35. [PMID: 24464221 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversified anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserines (PS), externalized to the surface of apoptotic cells are universal phagocytic signals. However, the role of major PS metabolites, such as peroxidized species of PS (PSox) and lyso-PS, in the clearance of apoptotic cells has not been rigorously evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that H2O2 was equally effective in inducing apoptosis and externalization of PS in naive HL60 cells and in cells enriched with oxidizable polyunsaturated species of PS (supplemented with linoleic acid (LA)). Despite this, the uptake of LA-supplemented cells by RAW264.7 and THP-1 macrophages was more than an order of magnitude more effective than that of naive cells. A similar stimulation of phagocytosis was observed with LA-enriched HL60 cells and Jurkat cells triggered to apoptosis with staurosporine. This was due to the presence of PSox on the surface of apoptotic LA-supplemented cells (but not of naive cells). This enhanced phagocytosis was dependent on activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as no stimulation of phagocytosis occurred in LA-enriched cells challenged with Fas antibody. Incubation of apoptotic cells with lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a secreted enzyme with high specificity towards PSox, hydrolyzed peroxidized PS species in LA-supplemented cells resulting in the suppression of phagocytosis to the levels observed for naive cells. This suppression of phagocytosis by Lp-PLA2 was blocked by a selective inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, SB-435495. Screening of possible receptor candidates revealed the ability of several PS receptors and bridging proteins to recognize both PS and PSox, albeit with diverse selectivity. We conclude that PSox is an effective phagocytic 'eat-me' signal that participates in the engulfment of cells undergoing intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Tyurin
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Balasubramanian
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Winnica
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A S Vikulina
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] Department of Biophysics, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R R He
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - A A Kapralov
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - V E Kagan
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Polysaccharide-rich fraction of Termitomyces eurhizus accelerate healing of indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in mice. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:759-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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