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Cooley JC, Redente EF. Getting the Timing Right: Controlling BCL-2 Inhibition as an Antifibrotic Therapy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:231-232. [PMID: 38259233 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0436ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Cooley
- Department of Medicine National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
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2
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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3
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Lee E, Williams KJ, McCarthy C, Bridges JP, Redente EF, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Barrington RA, Wang T, Tarling EJ. Alveolar macrophage lipid burden correlates with clinical improvement in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100496. [PMID: 38185217 PMCID: PMC10844116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a life-threatening, rare lung syndrome for which there is no cure and no approved therapies. PAP is a disease of lipid accumulation characterized by alveolar macrophage foam cell formation. While much is known about the clinical presentation, there is a paucity of information regarding temporal changes in lipids throughout the course of disease. Our objectives were to define the detailed lipid composition of alveolar macrophages in PAP patients at the time of diagnosis and during treatment. We performed comprehensive mass spectrometry to profile the lipid signature of alveolar macrophages obtained from three independent mouse models of PAP and from PAP and non-PAP patients. Additionally, we quantified changes in macrophage-associated lipids during clinical treatment of PAP patients. We found remarkable variations in lipid composition in PAP patients, which were consistent with data from three independent mouse models. Detailed lipidomic analysis revealed that the overall alveolar macrophage lipid burden inversely correlated with clinical improvement and response to therapy in PAP patients. Specifically, as PAP patients experienced clinical improvement, there was a notable decrease in the total lipid content of alveolar macrophages. This crucial observation suggests that the levels of these macrophage-associated lipids can be utilized to assess the efficacy of treatment. These findings provide valuable insights into the dysregulated lipid metabolism associated with PAP, offering the potential for lipid profiling to serve as a means of monitoring therapeutic interventions in PAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James P Bridges
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Basic Liver Research Center at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Barrington
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA; Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Tisha Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Basic Liver Research Center at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Wang F, Ting C, Riemondy KA, Douglas M, Foster K, Patel N, Kaku N, Linsalata A, Nemzek J, Varisco BM, Cohen E, Wilson JA, Riches DW, Redente EF, Toivola DM, Zhou X, Moore BB, Coulombe PA, Omary MB, Zemans RL. Regulation of epithelial transitional states in murine and human pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165612. [PMID: 37768734 PMCID: PMC10645382 DOI: 10.1172/jci165612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from impaired regeneration of the alveolar epithelium after injury. During regeneration, type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) assume a transitional state that upregulates multiple keratins and ultimately differentiate into AEC1s. In IPF, transitional AECs accumulate with ineffectual AEC1 differentiation. However, whether and how transitional cells cause fibrosis, whether keratins regulate transitional cell accumulation and fibrosis, and why transitional AECs and fibrosis resolve in mouse models but accumulate in IPF are unclear. Here, we show that human keratin 8 (KRT8) genetic variants were associated with IPF. Krt8-/- mice were protected from fibrosis and accumulation of the transitional state. Keratin 8 (K8) regulated the expression of macrophage chemokines and macrophage recruitment. Profibrotic macrophages and myofibroblasts promoted the accumulation of transitional AECs, establishing a K8-dependent positive feedback loop driving fibrogenesis. Finally, rare murine transitional AECs were highly senescent and basaloid and may not differentiate into AEC1s, recapitulating the aberrant basaloid state in human IPF. We conclude that transitional AECs induced and were maintained by fibrosis in a K8-dependent manner; in mice, most transitional cells and fibrosis resolved, whereas in human IPF, transitional AECs evolved into an aberrant basaloid state that persisted with progressive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Ting
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent A. Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Douglas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nisha Patel
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jean Nemzek
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M. Varisco
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erez Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Wilson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana M. Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
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5
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O'Callaghan M, Duignan J, Tarling EJ, Waters DK, McStay M, O'Carroll O, Bridges JP, Redente EF, Franciosi AN, McGrath EE, Butler MW, Dodd JD, Fabre A, Murphy DJ, Keane MP, McCarthy C. Analysis of tissue lipidomics and computed tomography pulmonary fat attenuation volume (CT PFAV ) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2023; 28:1043-1052. [PMID: 37642207 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is increasing interest in the role of lipids in processes that modulate lung fibrosis with evidence of lipid deposition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) histological specimens. The aim of this study was to identify measurable markers of pulmonary lipid that may have utility as IPF biomarkers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS IPF and control lung biopsy specimens were analysed using a unbiased lipidomic approach. Pulmonary fat attenuation volume (PFAV) was assessed on chest CT images (CTPFAV ) with 3D semi-automated lung density software. Aerated lung was semi-automatically segmented and CTPFAV calculated using a Hounsfield-unit (-40 to -200HU) threshold range expressed as a percentage of total lung volume. CTPFAV was compared to pulmonary function, serum lipids and qualitative CT fibrosis scores. RESULTS There was a significant increase in total lipid content on histological analysis of IPF lung tissue (23.16 nmol/mg) compared to controls (18.66 mol/mg, p = 0.0317). The median CTPFAV in IPF was higher than controls (1.34% vs. 0.72%, p < 0.001) and CTPFAV correlated significantly with DLCO% predicted (R2 = 0.356, p < 0.0001) and FVC% predicted (R2 = 0.407, p < 0.0001) in patients with IPF. CTPFAV correlated with CT features of fibrosis; higher CTPFAV was associated with >10% reticulation (1.6% vs. 0.94%, p = 0.0017) and >10% honeycombing (1.87% vs. 1.12%, p = 0.0003). CTPFAV showed no correlation with serum lipids. CONCLUSION CTPFAV is an easily quantifiable non-invasive measure of pulmonary lipids. In this pilot study, CTPFAV correlates with pulmonary function and radiological features of IPF and could function as a potential biomarker for IPF disease severity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa O'Callaghan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Duignan
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Darragh K Waters
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan McStay
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Carroll
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James P Bridges
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Alessandro N Franciosi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmet E McGrath
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcus W Butler
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan D Dodd
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Murphy
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Keane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Moore PK, Anderson KC, McManus SA, Tu TH, King EM, Mould KJ, Redente EF, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, McCubbrey AL. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals unique monocyte-derived interstitial macrophage subsets during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L536-L549. [PMID: 36852927 PMCID: PMC10069979 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00223.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial macrophages (IMs) reside in the lung tissue surrounding key structures including airways, vessels, and alveoli. Recent work has described IM heterogeneity during homeostasis, however, there are limited data on IMs during inflammation. We sought to characterize IM origin, subsets, and transcriptomic profiles during homeostasis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung inflammation. During homeostasis, we used three complementary methods, spectral flow cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and gene regulatory network enrichment, to demonstrate that IMs can be divided into two core subsets distinguished by surface and transcriptional expression of folate receptor β (Folr2/FRβ). These subsets inhabited distinct niches within the lung interstitium. Within FRβ+ IMs we identified a subpopulation marked by coexpression of LYVE1. During acute LPS-induced inflammation, lung IM numbers expand. Lineage tracing revealed IM expansion was due to recruitment of monocyte-derived IMs. At the peak of inflammation, recruited IMs were comprised two unique subsets defined by expression of genes associated with interferon signaling and glycolytic pathways. As recruited IMs matured, they adopted the overall transcriptional state of FRβ- resident IMs but retained expression in several origin-specific genes, such as IL-1β. FRβ+ IMs were of near-pure resident origin. Taken together our data show that during LPS-induced inflammation, there are distinct populations of IMs that likely have unique functions. FRΒ+ IMs comprise a stable, resident population, whereas FRβ- ΙΜs represent a mixed population of resident and recruited IMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Kelsey C Anderson
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Shannon A McManus
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Ting-Hui Tu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Emily M King
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kara J Mould
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
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7
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Redente EF, Kopf KW, Bahadur AN, Robichaud A, Lundblad LK, McDonald LT. Application-specific approaches to MicroCT for evaluation of mouse models of pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281452. [PMID: 36757935 PMCID: PMC9910664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of micro-computed tomography (microCT) has provided significant advancement in our ability to generate clinically relevant assessments of lung health and disease in small animal models. As microCT use to generate outcomes analysis in pulmonary preclinical models has increased there have been substantial improvements in image quality and resolution, and data analysis software. However, there are limited published methods for standardized imaging and automated analysis available for investigators. Manual quantitative analysis of microCT images is complicated by the presence of inflammation and parenchymal disease. To improve the efficiency and limit user-associated bias, we have developed an automated pulmonary air and tissue segmentation (PATS) task list to segment lung air volume and lung tissue volume for quantitative analysis. We demonstrate the effective use of the PATS task list using four distinct methods for imaging, 1) in vivo respiration controlled scanning using a flexiVent, 2) longitudinal breath-gated in vivo scanning in resolving and non-resolving pulmonary disease initiated by lipopolysaccharide-, bleomycin-, and silica-exposure, 3) post-mortem imaging, and 4) ex vivo high-resolution scanning. The accuracy of the PATS task list was compared to manual segmentation. The use of these imaging techniques and automated quantification methodology across multiple models of lung injury and fibrosis demonstrates the broad applicability and adaptability of microCT to various lung diseases and small animal models and presents a significant advance in efficiency and standardization of preclinical microCT imaging and analysis for the field of pulmonary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katrina W. Kopf
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ali N. Bahadur
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lindsay T. McDonald
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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Cooley JC, Javkhlan N, Wilson JA, Foster DG, Edelman BL, Ortiz LA, Schwartz DA, Riches DW, Redente EF. Inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins with ABT-263 induces fibroblast apoptosis, reversing persistent pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163762. [PMID: 36752201 PMCID: PMC9977433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILDs) carry a poor prognosis and have limited therapeutic options. A hallmark feature is fibroblast resistance to apoptosis, leading to their persistence, accumulation, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. A complex balance of the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family controlling the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and fibroblast reliance on antiapoptotic proteins has been hypothesized to contribute to this resistant phenotype. Examination of lung tissue from patients with PF-ILD (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and silicosis) and mice with PF-ILD (repetitive bleomycin and silicosis) showed increased expression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members in α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, suggesting that fibroblasts from fibrotic lungs may exhibit increased susceptibility to inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W with the BH3 mimetic ABT-263. We used 2 murine models of PF-ILD to test the efficacy of ABT-263 in reversing established persistent pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment with ABT-263 induced fibroblast apoptosis, decreased fibroblast numbers, and reduced lung collagen levels, radiographic disease, and histologically evident fibrosis. Our studies provide insight into how fibroblasts gain resistance to apoptosis and become sensitive to the therapeutic inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins. By targeting profibrotic fibroblasts, ABT-263 offers a promising therapeutic option for PF-ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Cooley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nomin Javkhlan
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Wilson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel G. Foster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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9
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Redente EF. How Do We Know What We Are Missing? Loss of Signaling through CD148 Drives Fibroblast Activation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:249-251. [PMID: 33891825 PMCID: PMC8513589 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0737ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado and.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado
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10
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Guzy R, Redente EF. Kindlin for the Fire: Targeting Proline Synthesis to Extinguish Matrix Production in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:4-5. [PMID: 33844940 PMCID: PMC8320124 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0137ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Guzy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado and.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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11
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Redente EF, Black BP, Backos DS, Bahadur AN, Humphries SM, Lynch DA, Tuder RM, Zemans RL, Riches DWH. Persistent, Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis and Epithelial Remodeling in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:669-676. [PMID: 33406369 PMCID: PMC8456888 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0542ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease with underlying mechanisms that have been primarily investigated in mice after intratracheal instillation of a single dose of bleomycin. However, the model has significant limitations, including transient fibrosis that spontaneously resolves and its failure to fully recapitulate the epithelial remodeling in the lungs of patients with IPF. Thus, there remains an unmet need for a preclinical model with features that more closely resemble the human disease. Repetitive intratracheal instillation of bleomycin has previously been shown to recapitulate some of these features, but the instillation procedure is complex, and the long-term consequences on epithelial remodeling and fibrosis persistence and progression remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a simplified repetitive bleomycin instillation strategy consisting of three bi-weekly instillations that leads to persistent and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Lung histology demonstrates increased collagen deposition, fibroblast accumulation, loss of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells within fibrotic areas, bronchiolization of the lung parenchyma with CCSP+ cells, remodeling of the distal lung into cysts reminiscent of simple honeycombing, and accumulation of hyperplastic transitional KRT8+ epithelial cells. Micro-computed tomographic imaging demonstrated significant traction bronchiectasis and subpleural fibrosis. Thus, the simplified repetitive bleomycin instillation strategy leads to progressive fibrosis and recapitulates the histological and radiographic characteristics of IPF. Compared with the single bleomycin instillation model, we suggest that the simplified repetitive instillation model may be better suited to address mechanistic questions about IPF pathogenesis and preclinical studies of antifibrotic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Bart P. Black
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | - Ali N. Bahadur
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - David A. Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David W. H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Serkova NJ, Glunde K, Haney CR, Farhoud M, De Lille A, Redente EF, Simberg D, Westerly DC, Griffin L, Mason RP. Preclinical Applications of Multi-Platform Imaging in Animal Models of Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1189-1200. [PMID: 33262127 PMCID: PMC8026542 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers: immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity. Disseminated tumors to the bone and lung are easily detected by microCT, while ultrasound provides real-time visualization of tumor vasculature and perfusion. Recently available photoacoustic imaging provides real-time evaluation of vascular patency, oxygenation, and nanoparticle distributions. New hybrid instruments, such as PET-MRI, promise more convenient combination of the capabilities of each modality, enabling enhanced research efficacy and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, and the Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chad R Haney
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David C Westerly
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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13
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Redente EF, Chakraborty S, Sajuthi S, Black BP, Edelman BL, Seibold MA, Riches DW. Loss of Fas signaling in fibroblasts impairs homeostatic fibrosis resolution and promotes persistent pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 6:141618. [PMID: 33290280 PMCID: PMC7821600 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible fibrotic disease of the distal lung alveoli that culminates in respiratory failure and reduced lifespan. Unlike normal lung repair in response to injury, IPF is associated with the accumulation and persistence of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as continued production of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Prior in vitro studies have led to the hypothesis that the development of resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis by lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts contributes to their accumulation in the distal lung tissues of IPF patients. Here, we test this hypothesis in vivo in the resolving model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Using genetic loss-of-function approaches to inhibit Fas signaling in fibroblasts, potentially novel flow cytometry strategies to quantify lung fibroblast subsets, and transcriptional profiling of lung fibroblasts by bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, we show that Fas is necessary for lung fibroblast apoptosis during homeostatic resolution of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, we show that loss of Fas signaling leads to the persistence and continued profibrotic functions of lung fibroblasts. Our studies provide insights into the mechanisms that contribute to fibroblast survival, persistence, and continued ECM deposition in the context of IPF and how failure to undergo Fas-induced apoptosis impairs fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sangeeta Chakraborty
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Satria Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Bart P Black
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ben L Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David Wh Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Aschner Y, Nelson M, Brenner M, Roybal H, Beke K, Meador C, Foster D, Correll KA, Reynolds PR, Anderson K, Redente EF, Matsuda J, Riches DWH, Groshong SD, Pozzi A, Sap J, Wang Q, Rajshankar D, McCulloch CAG, Zemans RL, Downey GP. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-α amplifies transforming growth factor-β-dependent profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L294-L311. [PMID: 32491951 PMCID: PMC7473933 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00235.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, often fatal, fibrosing lung disease for which treatment remains suboptimal. Fibrogenic cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), are central to its pathogenesis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-α (PTPα) has emerged as a key regulator of fibrogenic signaling in fibroblasts. We have reported that mice globally deficient in PTPα (Ptpra-/-) were protected from experimental pulmonary fibrosis, in part via alterations in TGF-β signaling. The goal of this study was to determine the lung cell types and mechanisms by which PTPα controls fibrogenic pathways and whether these pathways are relevant to human disease. Immunohistochemical analysis of lungs from patients with IPF revealed that PTPα was highly expressed by mesenchymal cells in fibroblastic foci and by airway and alveolar epithelial cells. To determine whether PTPα promotes profibrotic signaling pathways in lung fibroblasts and/or epithelial cells, we generated mice with conditional (floxed) Ptpra alleles (Ptpraf/f). These mice were crossed with Dermo1-Cre or with Sftpc-CreERT2 mice to delete Ptpra in mesenchymal cells and alveolar type II cells, respectively. Dermo1-Cre/Ptpraf/f mice were protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, whereas Sftpc-CreERT2/Ptpraf/f mice developed pulmonary fibrosis equivalent to controls. Both canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling and downstream TGF-β-induced fibrogenic responses were attenuated in isolated Ptpra-/- compared with wild-type fibroblasts. Furthermore, TGF-β-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TGF-β type II receptor and of PTPα were attenuated in Ptpra-/- compared with wild-type fibroblasts. The phenotype of cells genetically deficient in PTPα was recapitulated with the use of a Src inhibitor. These findings suggest that PTPα amplifies profibrotic TGF-β-dependent pathway signaling in lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aschner
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Meghan Nelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Helen Roybal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Keriann Beke
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Carly Meador
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Daniel Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kelly A Correll
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kelsey Anderson
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jennifer Matsuda
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David W H Riches
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steve D Groshong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jan Sap
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Qin Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhaarmini Rajshankar
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenver, Coloradoand.,Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, Colorado
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16
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Jansing NL, Patel N, McClendon J, Redente EF, Henson PM, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Nyengaard JR, Zemans RL. Flow Cytometry Underestimates and Planimetry Overestimates Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cell Expansion after Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019. [PMID: 29533675 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1838le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Dallas M Hyde
- 4 University of California at Davis Davis, California and
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,2 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
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17
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Wollin L, Distler JHW, Redente EF, Riches DWH, Stowasser S, Schlenker-Herceg R, Maher TM, Kolb M. Potential of nintedanib in treatment of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:1900161. [PMID: 31285305 PMCID: PMC6751387 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00161-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A proportion of patients with fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) develop a progressive phenotype characterised by decline in lung function, worsening quality of life and early mortality. Other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), there are no approved drugs for fibrosing ILDs and a poor evidence base to support current treatments. Fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype show commonalities in clinical behaviour and in the pathogenic mechanisms that drive disease worsening. Nintedanib is an intracellular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases that has been approved for treatment of IPF and has recently been shown to reduce the rate of lung function decline in patients with ILD associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD). In vitro data demonstrate that nintedanib inhibits several steps in the initiation and progression of lung fibrosis, including the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators, migration and differentiation of fibrocytes and fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix. Nintedanib also inhibits the proliferation of vascular cells. Studies in animal models with features of fibrosing ILDs such as IPF, SSc-ILD, rheumatoid arthritis-ILD, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and silicosis demonstrate that nintedanib has anti-fibrotic activity irrespective of the trigger for the lung pathology. This suggests that nintedanib inhibits fundamental processes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. A trial of nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs other than IPF (INBUILD) will report results in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Dept of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Dept of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David W H Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Dept of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Kolb
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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18
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Tighe RM, Redente EF, Yu YR, Herold S, Sperling AI, Curtis JL, Duggan R, Swaminathan S, Nakano H, Zacharias WJ, Janssen WJ, Freeman CM, Brinkman RR, Singer BD, Jakubzick CV, Misharin AV. Improving the Quality and Reproducibility of Flow Cytometry in the Lung. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:150-161. [PMID: 31368812 PMCID: PMC6670040 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0191st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining responses of the structural and immune cells in biologic systems is critically important to understanding disease states and responses to injury. This requires accurate and sensitive methods to define cell types in organ systems. The principal method to delineate the cell populations involved in these processes is flow cytometry. Although researchers increasingly use flow cytometry, technical challenges can affect its accuracy and reproducibility, thus significantly limiting scientific advancements. This challenge is particularly critical to lung immunology, as the lung is readily accessible and therefore used in preclinical and clinical studies to define potential therapeutics. Given the importance of flow cytometry in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight issues and technical challenges to the performance of high-quality pulmonary flow cytometry, with a goal of improving its quality and reproducibility.
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19
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Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Redente EF, Camp FA, Torres RM, Kedl RM, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Immune Surveillance by Natural IgM Is Required for Early Neoantigen Recognition and Initiation of Adaptive Immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:580-591. [PMID: 29953261 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0159oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of neoantigen-expressing cells is complex, involving multiple immune cell types. In this study, in vivo, we examined how antigen-presenting cell subtypes coordinate and induce an immunological response against neoantigen-expressing cells, particularly in the absence of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, which is normally required to license antigen-presenting cells to present foreign or self-antigens as immunogens. Using two reductionist models of neoantigen-expressing cells and two cancer models, we demonstrated that natural IgM is essential for the recognition and initiation of adaptive immunity against neoantigen-expressing cells. Natural IgM antibodies form a cellular immune complex with the neoantigen-expressing cells. This immune complex licenses surveying monocytes to present neoantigens as immunogens to CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T helper cells, in turn, use CD40L to license cross-presenting CD40+ Batf3+ dendritic cells to elicit a cytotoxic T cell response against neoantigen-expressing cells. Any break along this immunological chain reaction results in the escape of neoantigen-expressing cells. This study demonstrates the surprising, essential role of natural IgM as the initiator of a sequential signaling cascade involving multiple immune cell subtypes. This sequence is required to coordinate an adaptive immune response against neoantigen-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - Faye A Camp
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Raul M Torres
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ross M Kedl
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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20
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Correll KA, Edeen KE, Zemans RL, Redente EF, Serban KA, Curran-Everett D, Edelman BL, Mikels-Vigdal A, Mason RJ. Transitional human alveolar type II epithelial cells suppress extracellular matrix and growth factor gene expression in lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L283-L294. [PMID: 31166130 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00337.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-fibroblast interactions are thought to be very important in the adult lung in response to injury, but the specifics of these interactions are not well defined. We developed coculture systems to define the interactions of adult human alveolar epithelial cells with lung fibroblasts. Alveolar type II cells cultured on floating collagen gels reduced the expression of type 1 collagen (COL1A1) and α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) in fibroblasts. They also reduced fibroblast expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7, KGF), and FGF10. When type II cells were cultured at an air-liquid interface to maintain high levels of surfactant protein expression, this inhibitory activity was lost. When type II cells were cultured on collagen-coated tissue culture wells to reduce surfactant protein expression further and increase the expression of some type I cell markers, the epithelial cells suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-stimulated ACTA2 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in lung fibroblasts. Our results suggest that transitional alveolar type II cells and likely type I cells but not fully differentiated type II cells inhibit matrix and growth factor expression in fibroblasts. These cells express markers of both type II cells and type I cells. This is probably a normal homeostatic mechanism to inhibit the fibrotic response in the resolution phase of wound healing. Defining how transitional type II cells convert activated fibroblasts into a quiescent state and inhibit the effects of TGF-β may provide another approach to limiting the development of fibrosis after alveolar injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Yuan T, Volckaert T, Redente EF, Hopkins S, Klinkhammer K, Wasnick R, Chao CM, Yuan J, Zhang JS, Yao C, Majka S, Stripp BR, Günther A, Riches DWH, Bellusci S, Thannickal VJ, De Langhe SP. FGF10-FGFR2B Signaling Generates Basal Cells and Drives Alveolar Epithelial Regeneration by Bronchial Epithelial Stem Cells after Lung Injury. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1041-1055. [PMID: 31056475 PMCID: PMC6524168 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a common form of interstitial lung disease resulting in alveolar remodeling and progressive loss of pulmonary function because of chronic alveolar injury and failure to regenerate the respiratory epithelium. Histologically, fibrotic lesions and honeycomb structures expressing atypical proximal airway epithelial markers replace alveolar structures, the latter normally lined by alveolar type 1 (AT1) and AT2 cells. Bronchial epithelial stem cells (BESCs) can give rise to AT2 and AT1 cells or honeycomb cysts following bleomycin-mediated lung injury. However, little is known about what controls this binary decision or whether this decision can be reversed. Here we report that inactivation of Fgfr2b in BESCs impairs their contribution to both alveolar epithelial regeneration and honeycomb cysts after bleomycin injury. By contrast overexpression of Fgf10 in BESCs enhances fibrosis resolution by favoring the more desirable outcome of alveolar epithelial regeneration over the development of pathologic honeycomb cysts. Bronchial epithelial stem cells are required for alveolar epithelial regeneration Fgf10-Fgfr2b signaling is required for alveolar type 2 stem cell maintenance Fgfr2b signaling drives alveolar epithelial regeneration by BESCs Fgf10-Fgfr2b promotes basal cell to alveolar type 2 cell differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Denver Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Seantel Hopkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Kylie Klinkhammer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Roxana Wasnick
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Susan Majka
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andreas Günther
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - David W H Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Denver Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA.
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22
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Riemondy KA, Jansing NL, Jiang P, Redente EF, Gillen AE, Fu R, Miller AJ, Spence JR, Gerber AN, Hesselberth JR, Zemans RL. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies TGFβ as a key regenerative cue following LPS-induced lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 5:123637. [PMID: 30913038 PMCID: PMC6538357 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lung diseases result from a failure of efficient regeneration of damaged alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) after lung injury. During regeneration, AEC2s proliferate to replace lost cells, after which proliferation halts and some AEC2s transdifferentiate into AEC1s to restore normal alveolar structure and function. Although the mechanisms underlying AEC2 proliferation have been studied, the mechanisms responsible for halting proliferation and inducing transdifferentiation are poorly understood. To identify candidate signaling pathways responsible for halting proliferation and inducing transdifferentiation, we performed single cell RNA sequencing on AEC2s during regeneration in a murine model of lung injury induced by intratracheal LPS. Unsupervised clustering revealed distinct subpopulations of regenerating AEC2s: proliferating, cell cycle arrest, and transdifferentiating. Gene expression analysis of these transitional subpopulations revealed that TGFβ signaling was highly upregulated in the cell cycle arrest subpopulation and relatively downregulated in transdifferentiating cells. In cultured AEC2s, TGFβ was necessary for cell cycle arrest but impeded transdifferentiation. We conclude that during regeneration after LPS-induced lung injury, TGFβ is a critical signal halting AEC2 proliferation but must be inactivated to allow transdifferentiation. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating alveolar regeneration and the pathogenesis of diseases resulting from a failure of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A. Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole L. Jansing
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Austin E. Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rui Fu
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyssa J. Miller
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony N. Gerber
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay R. Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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23
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Abstract
Bleomycin is a commonly used cancer therapeutic that is associated with oxidative stress leading to pulmonary toxicity. Bleomycin has been used in animal studies to model pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary hypertension secondary to interstitial lung disease. The toxicity with bleomycin is initiated by direct oxidative damage, which then leads to subsequent inflammation and fibrosis mediated by generation of both extracellular ROS and intracellular ROS. While most studies focus on the intracellular ROS implicated in TGFβ signaling and fibrosis, the changes in the extracellular redox environment, particularly with the initiation of early inflammation, is also critical to the pathogenesis of bleomycin induced injury and fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the role of extracellular redox environment in bleomycin toxicity, with attention to the generation of extracellular ROS, alterations in the redox state of extracellular thiols, and the central role of the extracellular isoform of superoxide dismutase in the development of bleomycin induced injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Allawzi
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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24
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Bamberg A, Redente EF, Groshong SD, Tuder RM, Cool CD, Keith RC, Edelman BL, Black BP, Cosgrove GP, Wynes MW, Curran-Everett D, De Langhe S, Ortiz LA, Thorburn A, Riches DWH. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-N13 Promotes Myofibroblast Resistance to Apoptosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:914-927. [PMID: 29727583 PMCID: PMC6173065 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1497oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fibrotic interstitial lung disease characterized by (myo)fibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition. Resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis is thought to facilitate (myo)fibroblast persistence in fibrotic lung tissues by poorly understood mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that PTPN13 (protein tyrosine phosphatase-N13) is expressed by IPF lung (myo)fibroblasts, promotes their resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis, and contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS PTPN13 was localized in lung tissues from patients with IPF and control subjects by immunohistochemical staining. Inhibition of PTPN13 function in primary IPF and normal lung (myo)fibroblasts was accomplished by: 1) downregulation with TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α)/IFN-γ, 2) siRNA knockdown, or 3) a cell-permeable Fas/PTPN13 interaction inhibitory peptide. The role of PTPN13 in the development of pulmonary fibrosis was assessed in mice with genetic deficiency of PTP-BL, the murine ortholog of PTPN13. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PTPN13 was constitutively expressed by (myo)fibroblasts in the fibroblastic foci of patients with IPF. Human lung (myo)fibroblasts, which are resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis, basally expressed PTPN13 in vitro. TNF-α/IFN-γ or siRNA-mediated PTPN13 downregulation and peptide-mediated inhibition of the Fas/PTPN13 interaction in human lung (myo)fibroblasts promoted Fas-induced apoptosis. Bleomycin-challenged PTP-BL-/- mice, while developing inflammatory lung injury, exhibited reduced pulmonary fibrosis compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PTPN13 mediates the resistance of human lung (myo)fibroblasts to Fas-induced apoptosis and promotes pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Our results suggest that strategies aimed at interfering with PTPN13 expression or function may represent a novel strategy to reduce fibrosis in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bamberg
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Steve D. Groshong
- Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Rebecca C. Keith
- Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Gregory P. Cosgrove
- Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Murry W. Wynes
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Stijn De Langhe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David W. H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
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25
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Correll KA, Edeen KE, Redente EF, Zemans RL, Edelman BL, Danhorn T, Curran‐Everett D, Mikels‐Vigdal A, Mason RJ. TGF beta inhibits HGF, FGF7, and FGF10 expression in normal and IPF lung fibroblasts. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13794. [PMID: 30155985 PMCID: PMC6113132 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF beta is a multifunctional cytokine that is important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The ability of TGF beta to stimulate smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix gene expression in fibroblasts is well established. In this report, we evaluated the effect of TGF beta on the expression of HGF, FGF7 (KGF), and FGF10, important growth and survival factors for the alveolar epithelium. These growth factors are important for maintaining type II cells and for restoration of the epithelium after lung injury. Under conditions of normal serum supplementation or serum withdrawal TGF beta inhibited fibroblast expression of HGF, FGF7, and FGF10. We confirmed these observations with genome wide RNA sequencing of the response of control and IPF fibroblasts to TGF beta. In general, gene expression in IPF fibroblasts was similar to control fibroblasts. Reduced expression of HGF, FGF7, and FGF10 is another means whereby TGF beta impairs epithelial healing and promotes fibrosis after lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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26
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Redente EF, Aguilar MA, Black BP, Edelman BL, Bahadur AN, Humphries SM, Lynch DA, Wollin L, Riches DWH. Nintedanib reduces pulmonary fibrosis in a model of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L998-L1009. [PMID: 29543042 PMCID: PMC6335004 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00304.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) develops in ~20% of patients with RA. SKG mice, which are genetically prone to development of autoimmune arthritis, develop a pulmonary interstitial pneumonia that resembles human cellular and fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, has been shown to reduce the decline in lung function. Therefore, we investigated the effect of nintedanib on development of pulmonary fibrosis and joint disease in female SKG mice with arthritis induced by intraperitoneal injection of zymosan (5 mg). Nintedanib (60 mg·kg-1·day-1 via oral gavage) was started 5 or 10 wk after injection of zymosan. Arthritis and lung fibrosis outcome measures were assessed after 6 wk of treatment with nintedanib. A significant reduction in lung collagen levels, determined by measuring hydroxyproline levels and staining for collagen, was observed after 6 wk in nintedanib-treated mice with established arthritis and lung disease. Early intervention with nintedanib significantly reduced development of arthritis based on joint assessment and high-resolution μ-CT. This study impacts the RA and ILD fields by facilitating identification of a therapeutic treatment that may improve both diseases. As this model replicates the characteristics of RA-ILD, the results may be translatable to the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Martin A Aguilar
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Bart P Black
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Benjamin L Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Ali N Bahadur
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | | | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - David W H Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
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27
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Correll KA, Edeen KE, Zemans RL, Redente EF, Mikels-Vigdal A, Mason RJ. TGF beta inhibits expression of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, but not SP-D in human alveolar type II cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:843-848. [PMID: 29621540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
TGF beta is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates alveolar epithelial cells as well as immune cells and fibroblasts. TGF beta inhibits surfactant protein A, B and C expression in fetal human lung and can inhibit type II cell proliferation induced by FGF7 (KGF). However, little is known about direct effects of TGF beta on adult human type II cells. We cultured alveolar type II cells under air/liquid interface conditions to maintain their state of differentiation with or without TGF beta. TGF beta markedly decreased expression of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, fatty acid synthase, and the phospholipid transporter ABCA3. However, TGF beta increased protein levels of SP-D with little change in mRNA levels, indicating that it is regulated independently from other components of surfactant. TGF beta is a negative regulator of both the protein and the phospholipid components of surfactant. TGF beta did not induce EMT changes in highly differentiated human type II cells. SP-D is an important host defense molecule and regulated independently from the other surfactant proteins. Taken together these data are the first report of the effect of TGF beta on highly differentiated adult human type II cells. The effects on the surfactant system are likely important in the development of fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Correll
- National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Karen E Edeen
- National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Michigan BSRB /SPC2200, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | | | | | - Robert J Mason
- National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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28
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McCubbrey AL, Barthel L, Mohning MP, Redente EF, Mould KJ, Thomas SM, Leach SM, Danhorn T, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Deletion of c-FLIP from CD11b hi Macrophages Prevents Development of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:66-78. [PMID: 28850249 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0154oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease with complex pathophysiology and fatal prognosis. Macrophages (MΦ) contribute to the development of lung fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms and specific MΦ subsets involved remain unclear. During lung injury, two subsets of lung MΦ coexist: Siglec-Fhi resident alveolar MΦ and a mixed population of CD11bhi MΦ that primarily mature from immigrating monocytes. Using a novel inducible transgenic system driven by a fragment of the human CD68 promoter, we targeted deletion of the antiapoptotic protein cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) to CD11bhi MΦ. Upon loss of c-FLIP, CD11bhi MΦ became susceptible to cell death. Using this system, we were able to show that eliminating CD11bhi MΦ present 7-14 days after bleomycin injury was sufficient to protect mice from fibrosis. RNA-seq analysis of lung MΦ present during this time showed that CD11bhi MΦ, but not Siglec-Fhi MΦ, expressed high levels of profibrotic chemokines and growth factors. Human MΦ from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis expressed many of the same profibrotic chemokines identified in murine CD11bhi MΦ. Elimination of monocyte-derived MΦ may help in the treatment of fibrosis. We identify c-FLIP and the associated extrinsic cell death program as a potential pathway through which these profibrotic MΦ may be pharmacologically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L McCubbrey
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lea Barthel
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael P Mohning
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,4 Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kara J Mould
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 5 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and.,6 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 5 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and.,6 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,7 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anshutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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29
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Redente EF. Macrophages and Fibrosis Resolution. Harnessing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling as the Way and the Means. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 56:150-151. [PMID: 28145774 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0394ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,2 Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado and.,3 Department of Research Veterans Affairs Denver, Colorado
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30
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Abstract
The lung parenchyma is comprised of many cells including the structurally important stromal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts function to produce extracellular matrix and are important in the maintenance of alveolar epithelial cells. To understand the role of fibroblasts both in homeostasis and disease, we isolate fibroblasts and grow them in culture. Two methods are presented here for the isolation and maintenance of mouse primary lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA. .,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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31
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McClendon J, Jansing NL, Redente EF, Gandjeva A, Ito Y, Colgan SP, Ahmad A, Riches DWH, Chapman HA, Mason RJ, Tuder RM, Zemans RL. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Signaling Promotes Repair of the Alveolar Epithelium after Acute Lung Injury. Am J Pathol 2017; 187:1772-1786. [PMID: 28618253 PMCID: PMC5530913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the acute respiratory distress syndrome, epithelial cells, primarily alveolar type (AT) I cells, die and slough off, resulting in enhanced permeability. ATII cells proliferate and spread onto the denuded basement membrane to reseal the barrier. Repair of the alveolar epithelium is critical for clinical recovery; however, mechanisms underlying ATII cell proliferation and spreading are not well understood. We hypothesized that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α promotes proliferation and spreading of ATII cells during repair after lung injury. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide or hydrochloric acid. HIF activation in ATII cells after injury was demonstrated by increased luciferase activity in oxygen degradation domain-Luc (HIF reporter) mice and expression of the HIF1α target gene GLUT1. ATII cell proliferation during repair was attenuated in ATII cell-specific HIF1α knockout (SftpcCreERT2+/-;HIF1αf/f) mice. The HIF target vascular endothelial growth factor promoted ATII cell proliferation in vitro and after lung injury in vivo. In the scratch wound assay of cell spreading, HIF stabilization accelerated, whereas HIF1α shRNA delayed wound closure. SDF1 and its receptor, CXCR4, were found to be HIF1α-regulated genes in ATII cells and were up-regulated during lung injury. Stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXCR4 inhibition impaired cell spreading and delayed the resolution of permeability after lung injury. We conclude that HIF1α is activated in ATII cells after lung injury and promotes proliferation and spreading during repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazalle McClendon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Nicole L Jansing
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Research, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yoko Ito
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Integrated Department of Immunology, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David W H Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert J Mason
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
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32
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Jayaraja S, Dakhama A, Yun B, Ghosh M, Lee H, Redente EF, Uhlson CL, Murphy RC, Leslie CC. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 contributes to innate immune defense against Candida albicans lung infection. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:27. [PMID: 27501951 PMCID: PMC4977843 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is exposed to airborne fungal spores, and fungi that colonize the oral cavity such as Candida albicans, but does not develop disease to opportunistic fungal pathogens unless the immune system is compromised. The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) is activated in response to Candida albicans infection resulting in the release of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. Although eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes modulate inflammation and immune responses, the role of cPLA2α and eicosanoids in regulating C. albicans lung infection is not understood. METHODS The responses of cPLA2α(+/+) and cPLA2α(-/-) Balb/c mice to intratracheal instillation of C. albicans were compared. After challenge, we evaluated weight loss, organ fungal burden, and the recruitment of cells and the levels of cytokines and eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The ability of macrophages and neutrophils from cPLA2α(+/+) and cPLA2α(-/-) mice to recognize and kill C. albicans was also compared. RESULTS After C. albicans instillation, cPLA2α(+/+) mice recovered a modest weight loss by 48 h and completely cleared fungi from the lung by 12 h with no dissemination to the kidneys. In cPLA2α(-/-) mice, weight loss continued for 72 h, C. albicans was not completely cleared from the lung and disseminated to the kidneys. cPLA2α(-/-) mice exhibited greater signs of inflammation including higher neutrophil influx, and elevated levels of albumin and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL1α, IL1β, TNFα, IL6, CSF2, CXCL1, CCL20) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The amounts of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 were significantly lower in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from C. albicans-infected cPLA2α(-/-) mice compared to cPLA2α(+/+) mice. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from uninfected cPLA2α(-/-) mice exhibited less killing of C. albicans in vitro than cells from cPLA2α(+/+) mice. In addition alveolar macrophages from cPLA2α(-/-) mice isolated 6 h after instillation of GFP-C. albicans contained fewer internalized fungi than cPLA2α(+/+) macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that cPLA2α contributes to immune surveillance and host defense in the lung to prevent infection by the commensal fungus C. albicans and to dampen inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarirajan Jayaraja
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Azzeddine Dakhama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Bogeon Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - HeeJung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Charis L Uhlson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina C Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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McCubbrey AL, Barthel L, Mould KJ, Mohning MP, Redente EF, Janssen WJ. Selective and inducible targeting of CD11b+ mononuclear phagocytes in the murine lung with hCD68-rtTA transgenic systems. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L87-L100. [PMID: 27190063 PMCID: PMC4967193 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00141.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During homeostasis two distinct macrophage (Mø) populations inhabit the lungs: tissue Mø (often called interstitial Mø) and resident alveolar Mø (resAMø). During acute lung inflammation, monocytes from the circulation migrate to areas of injury where they mature into a third Mø population: recruited Mø. Resident AMø uniquely express low levels of CD11b and high levels of CD11c. In comparison, recruited Mø and tissue Mø express high levels of CD11b and low levels of CD11c. It is likely that these three Mø subpopulations play distinct roles in injury and disease states; however, tools with which to individually target or track these populations are lacking. Here we demonstrate the utility of an hCD68-rtTA transgenic system for specific, robust, and inducible targeting of CD11b(+) recruited Mø and tissue Mø in the murine lung with negligible activation in resAMø. Using hCD68rtTA-GFP reporter mice, we show both during homeostasis and inflammation that administration of doxycycline induces tet-On reporter expression in recruited Mø and tissue Mø but not in resident AMø. We further demonstrate how hCD68-rtTA can be effectively combined with tet-On Cre to target these same recMø and tissue Mø. Accordingly, the hCD68-rtTA system is a powerful new tool that can be used for lineage tracing, fate mapping, and gene deletion in a variety of murine models, thereby enabling sophisticated investigation of the unique role of these CD11b(+) Mø during lung heath and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Barthel
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kara J Mould
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Michael P Mohning
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Research, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
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Fritz JM, Tennis MA, Orlicky DJ, Yin H, Ju C, Redente EF, Choo KS, Staab TA, Bouchard RJ, Merrick DT, Malkinson AM, Dwyer-Nield LD. Corrigendum: depletion of tumor-associated macrophages slows the growth of chemically induced mouse lung adenocarcinomas. Front Immunol 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 25784911 PMCID: PMC4346835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | | | - Kevin S Choo
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Taylor A Staab
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Ronald J Bouchard
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Alvin M Malkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Lori D Dwyer-Nield
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
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Riches DWH, Backos DS, Redente EF. ROCK and Rho: Promising therapeutic targets to ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:909-12. [PMID: 25687558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This commentary highlights the article by Sisson et al, which establishes the importance of the myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in the management of fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W H Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Donald S Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Fritz JM, Tennis MA, Orlicky DJ, Lin H, Ju C, Redente EF, Choo KS, Staab TA, Bouchard RJ, Merrick DT, Malkinson AM, Dwyer-Nield LD. Depletion of tumor-associated macrophages slows the growth of chemically induced mouse lung adenocarcinomas. Front Immunol 2014; 5:587. [PMID: 25505466 PMCID: PMC4243558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for lung cancer, and low-dose aspirin intake reduces lung cancer risk. However, the roles that specific inflammatory cells and their products play in lung carcinogenesis have yet to be fully elucidated. In mice, alveolar macrophage numbers increase as lung tumors progress, and pulmonary macrophage programing changes within 2 weeks of carcinogen exposure. To examine how macrophages specifically affect lung tumor progression, they were depleted in mice bearing urethane-induced lung tumors using clodronate-encapsulated liposomes. Alveolar macrophage populations decreased to ≤50% of control levels after 4–6 weeks of liposomal clodronate treatment. Tumor burden decreased by 50% compared to vehicle treated mice, and tumor cell proliferation, as measured by Ki67 staining, was also attenuated. Pulmonary fluid levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, CXCL1, IL-6, and CCL2 diminished with clodronate liposome treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages expressed markers of both M1 and M2 programing in vehicle and clodronate liposome-treated mice. Mice lacking CCR2 (the receptor for macrophage chemotactic factor CCL2) had comparable numbers of alveolar macrophages and showed no difference in tumor growth rates when compared to similarly treated wild-type mice suggesting that while CCL2 may recruit macrophages to lung tumor microenvironments, redundant pathways can compensate when CCL2/CCR2 signaling is inactivated. Depletion of pulmonary macrophages rather than inhibition of their recruitment may be an advantageous strategy for attenuating lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | | | - Kevin S Choo
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Taylor A Staab
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Ronald J Bouchard
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Alvin M Malkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Lori D Dwyer-Nield
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
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Redente EF, Keith RC, Janssen W, Henson PM, Ortiz LA, Downey GP, Bratton DL, Riches DWH. Tumor necrosis factor-α accelerates the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis in mice by targeting profibrotic lung macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:825-37. [PMID: 24325577 PMCID: PMC4068926 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0386oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a relentless, fibrotic parenchymal lung disease in which alternatively programmed macrophages produce profibrotic molecules that promote myofibroblast survival and collagen synthesis. Effective therapies to treat patients with IPF are lacking, and conventional therapy may be harmful. We tested the hypothesis that therapeutic lung delivery of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α into wild-type fibrotic mice would reduce the profibrotic milieu and accelerate the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis was assessed in bleomycin-instilled wild-type and TNF-α(-/-) mice by measuring hydroxyproline levels, static compliance, and Masson's trichrome staining. Macrophage infiltration and programming status was assessed by flow cytometry of enzymatically digested lung and in situ immunostaining. Pulmonary delivery of TNF-α to wild-type mice with established pulmonary fibrosis was found to reduce their fibrotic burden, to improve lung function and architecture, and to reduce the number and programming status of profibrotic alternatively programmed macrophages. In contrast, fibrosis and alternative macrophage programming were prolonged in bleomycin-instilled TNF-α(-/-) mice. To address the role of the reduced numbers of alternatively programmed macrophages in the TNF-α-induced resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis, we conditionally depleted macrophages in MAFIA (MAcrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis) mice. Conditional macrophage depletion phenocopied the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis observed after therapeutic TNF-α delivery. Taken together, our results show for the first time that TNF-α is involved in the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis via a mechanism involving reduced numbers and programming status of profibrotic macrophages. We speculate that pulmonary delivery of TNF-α or augmenting its signaling pathway represent a novel therapeutic strategy to resolve established pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca C. Keith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - William Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Integrated Department of Immunology, and
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory P. Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Integrated Department of Immunology, and
| | | | - David W. H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Integrated Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
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Aschner Y, Khalifah AP, Briones N, Yamashita C, Dolgonos L, Young SK, Campbell MN, Riches DWH, Redente EF, Janssen WJ, Henson PM, Sap J, Vacaresse N, Kapus A, McCulloch CAG, Zemans RL, Downey GP. Protein tyrosine phosphatase α mediates profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts through TGF-β responsiveness. Am J Pathol 2014; 184:1489-502. [PMID: 24650563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic lung diseases represent a diverse group of progressive and often fatal disorders with limited treatment options. Although the pathogenesis of these conditions remains incompletely understood, receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase α (PTP-α encoded by PTPRA) has emerged as a key regulator of fibroblast signaling. We previously reported that PTP-α regulates cellular responses to cytokines and growth factors through integrin-mediated signaling and that PTP-α promotes fibroblast expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3, a matrix-degrading proteinase linked to pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we sought to determine more directly the role of PTP-α in pulmonary fibrosis. Mice genetically deficient in PTP-α (Ptpra(-/-)) were protected from pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal bleomycin, with minimal alterations in the early inflammatory response or production of TGF-β. Ptpra(-/-) mice were also protected from pulmonary fibrosis induced by adenoviral-mediated expression of active TGF-β1. In reciprocal bone marrow chimera experiments, the protective phenotype tracked with lung parenchymal cells but not bone marrow-derived cells. Because fibroblasts are key contributors to tissue fibrosis, we compared profibrotic responses in wild-type and Ptpra(-/-) mouse embryonic and lung fibroblasts. Ptpra(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited hyporesponsiveness to TGF-β, manifested by diminished expression of αSMA, EDA-fibronectin, collagen 1A, and CTGF. Ptpra(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited markedly attenuated TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 transcriptional activity. We conclude that PTP-α promotes profibrotic signaling pathways in fibroblasts through control of cellular responsiveness to TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aschner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anthony P Khalifah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie Briones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Cory Yamashita
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lior Dolgonos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Scott K Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Megan N Campbell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David W H Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jan Sap
- Unit of Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Vacaresse
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute-St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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Keith RC, Sokolove J, Edelman BL, Lahey L, Redente EF, Holers VM, Sakaguchi S, Robinson WH, Riches DWH. Testosterone is protective in the sexually dimorphic development of arthritis and lung disease in SKG mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1487-93. [PMID: 23529475 DOI: 10.1002/art.37943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a sexually dimorphic inflammatory autoimmune disease with both articular and extraarticular disease manifestations, including RA-associated interstitial lung disease. Low levels of testosterone have been linked to disease severity in men with RA, and supplemental testosterone has been shown to improve RA symptoms in both postmenopausal women and men with low levels of testosterone. The mechanisms by which sex and sex steroids affect the immune system and autoimmunity are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects of testicular-derived sex hormones on the development of joint and lung disease in an autoimmune mouse model. METHODS Arthritis prevalence and severity were assessed in orchiectomized, sham-orchiectomized, and intact male SKG mice as well as in female SKG mice over a 12-week period after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. Lung tissues were evaluated by quantifying cellular accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, collagen levels, and histologic changes. An antigen microarray was used to evaluate autoantibody generation under each experimental condition. RESULTS Female SKG mice developed arthritis and lung disease at increased prevalence and severity as compared to intact male mice. The absence of testosterone after orchiectomy led to increased arthritis, lung disease, and autoantibody generation in orchiectomized male mice as compared to intact male mice. CONCLUSION SKG mice represent an authentic sexually dimorphic mouse model of both the joint and lung disease seen in humans with RA. Testosterone protects against the development of joint and lung disease in male SKG mice.
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Keith RC, Powers JL, Redente EF, Sergew A, Martin RJ, Gizinski A, Holers VM, Sakaguchi S, Riches DWH. A novel model of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease in SKG mice. Exp Lung Res 2011; 38:55-66. [PMID: 22185348 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.636139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is associated with increased mortality in up to 10% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Lung exposure to cigarette smoke has been implicated in disease development. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of RA-ILD, in part due to the lack of an appropriate mouse model. The objectives of this study were (i) to test the suitability of SKG mice as a model of cellular and fibrotic interstitial pneumonia in the setting of autoimmune arthritis, and (ii) to determine the role of lung injury in the development of arthritis in SKG mice. Lung tissues were evaluated in arthritic SKG mice by quantifying cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage, static compliance, collagen levels, and infiltrating cell phenotypes by flow cytometry and histology. Lung injury was induced by exposure to cigarette smoke or bleomycin. Arthritic SKG mice developed a patchy cellular and fibrotic interstitial pneumonia associated with reduced static compliance, increased collagen levels, and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Infiltrating cells comprised CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke or initiation of lung injury with bleomycin did not cause arthritis. The pattern of lung disease suggests that arthritic SKG mice represent an authentic model of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in RA-ILD patients. The lack of arthritis development after cigarette smoke or lung injury suggests that a model where breaches in immunologic tolerance are induced by lung inflammation and injury alone may be overly simplistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Keith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Redente EF, Jacobsen KM, Solomon JJ, Lara AR, Faubel S, Keith RC, Henson PM, Downey GP, Riches DWH. Age and sex dimorphisms contribute to the severity of bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L510-8. [PMID: 21743030 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00122.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic interstitial pneumonias are more prevalent in males of advancing age, although little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To evaluate the contributions of age and sex to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, we intratracheally instilled young (8-12 wk) and aged (52-54 wk) male and female mice with bleomycin and assessed the development and severity of fibrotic lung disease by measurements of lung collagen levels, static compliance, leukocyte infiltration, and stereological quantification of fibrotic areas in histological sections. We also quantified proinflammatory and profibrotic chemokine and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Aged male mice developed more severe lung disease, indicated by increased mortality, increased collagen deposition, and neutrophilic alveolitis compared with aged female mice or young mice of either sex. Aged male mice also exhibited increased levels of transforming growth factor-β, IL-17A, and CXCL1 in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Young male mice developed a more fibrotic disease after bleomycin instillation compared with female mice, regardless of age. There was no difference in fibrosis between young and aged female mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that the variables of advanced age and male sex contribute to the severity of pulmonary fibrosis in this model. Our findings also emphasize the importance of stratifying experimental groups on the basis of age and sex in experimental and epidemiological studies of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Wynes MW, Edelman BL, Kostyk AG, Edwards MG, Coldren C, Groshong SD, Cosgrove GP, Redente EF, Bamberg A, Brown KK, Reisdorph N, Keith RC, Frankel SK, Riches DWH. Increased cell surface Fas expression is necessary and sufficient to sensitize lung fibroblasts to Fas ligation-induced apoptosis: implications for fibroblast accumulation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 2011; 187:527-37. [PMID: 21632719 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with the accumulation of collagen-secreting fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the lung parenchyma. Many mechanisms contribute to their accumulation, including resistance to apoptosis. In previous work, we showed that exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ reverses the resistance of lung fibroblasts to apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms. Based on an interrogation of the transcriptomes of unstimulated and TNF-α- and IFN-γ-stimulated primary lung fibroblasts and the lung fibroblast cell line MRC5, we show that among Fas-signaling pathway molecules, Fas expression was increased ∼6-fold in an NF-κB- and p38(mapk)-dependent fashion. Prevention of the increase in Fas expression using Fas small interfering RNAs blocked the ability of TNF-α and IFN-γ to sensitize fibroblasts to Fas ligation-induced apoptosis, whereas enforced adenovirus-mediated Fas overexpression was sufficient to overcome basal resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Examination of lung tissues from IPF patients revealed low to absent staining of Fas in fibroblastic cells of fibroblast foci. Collectively, these findings suggest that increased expression of Fas is necessary and sufficient to overcome the resistance of lung fibroblasts to Fas-induced apoptosis. Our findings also suggest that approaches aimed at increasing Fas expression by lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts may be therapeutically relevant in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murry W Wynes
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Rayamajhi M, Redente EF, Condon TV, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Riches DWH, Lenz LL. Non-surgical intratracheal instillation of mice with analysis of lungs and lung draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry. J Vis Exp 2011:2702. [PMID: 21587154 DOI: 10.3791/2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic cells such as alveolar macrophages and lung dendritic cells (LDCs) continuously sample antigens from the alveolar spaces in the lungs. LDCs, in particular, are known to migrate to the lung draining lymph nodes (LDLNs) where they present inhaled antigens to T cells initiating an appropriate immune response to a variety of immunogens. To model interactions between the lungs and airborne antigens in mice, antigens can be administered intranasally, intratracheally or as aerosols. Delivery by each route involves distinct technical skills and limitations that need to be considered before designing an experiment. For example, intranasal and aerosolized exposure delivers antigens to both the lungs and the upper respiratory tract. Hence antigens can access the nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), potentially complicating interpretation of the results. In addition, swallowing, sneezing and the breathing rate of the mouse may also lead to inconsistencies in the doses delivered. Although the involvement of the upper respiratory tract may be preferred for some studies, it can complicate experiments focusing on events specifically initiated in the lungs. In this setting, the intratracheal (i.t) route is preferable as it delivers test materials directly into the lungs and bypasses the NALT. Many i.t injection protocols involve either blind intubation of the trachea through the oral cavity or surgical exposure of the trachea to access the lungs. Herein, we describe a simple, consistent, non-surgical method for i.t instillation. The opening of the trachea is visualized using a laryngoscope and a bent gavage needle is then inserted directly into the trachea to deliver the innoculum. We also describe procedures for harvesting and processing of LDLNs and lungs for analysis of antigen trafficking by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manira Rayamajhi
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA
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Walter ND, Rice PL, Redente EF, Kauvar EF, Lemond L, Aly T, Wanebo K, Chan ED. Wound healing after trauma may predispose to lung cancer metastasis: review of potential mechanisms. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:591-6. [PMID: 21177982 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0187rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory oncotaxis, the phenomenon in which mechanically injured tissues are predisposed to cancer metastases, has been reported for a number of tumor types, but not previously for histologically proven lung cancer. We review clinical and experimental evidence and mechanisms that may underlie inflammatory oncotaxis, and provide illustrative examples of two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who developed distant, localized metastatic disease at sites of recent physical trauma. Trauma may predispose to metastasis through two distinct, but not mutually exclusive, mechanisms: (1) physical trauma induces tissue damage and local inflammation, creating a favorable environment that is permissive for seeding of metastatic cells from distant sites; and/or (2) micrometastatic foci are already present at the time of physical injury, and trauma initiates changes in the microenvironment that stimulate the proliferation of the metastatic cells. Further exploration of post-traumatic inflammatory oncotaxis may elucidate fundamental mechanisms of metastasis and could provide novel strategies to prevent cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Walter
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Graham BB, Mentink-Kane MM, El-Haddad H, Purnell S, Zhang L, Zaiman A, Redente EF, Riches DWH, Hassoun PM, Bandeira A, Champion HC, Butrous G, Wynn TA, Tuder RM. Schistosomiasis-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension: role of interleukin-13 signaling. Am J Pathol 2010; 177:1549-61. [PMID: 20671265 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying schistosomiasis-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), one of the most common causes of PH worldwide, remain unclear. We sought to determine whether Schistosoma mansoni causes experimental PH associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling in an interleukin (IL)-13-dependent manner. IL-13Ralpha1 is the canonical IL-13 signaling receptor, whereas IL-13Ralpha2 is a competitive nonsignaling decoy receptor. Wild-type, IL-13Ralpha1(-/-), and IL-13Ralpha2(-/-) C57BL/6J mice were percutaneously infected with S. mansoni cercariae, followed by i.v. injection of eggs. We assessed PH with right ventricular catheterization, histological evaluation of pulmonary vascular remodeling, and detection of IL-13 and transforming growth factor-beta signaling. Infected mice developed pulmonary peri-egg granulomas and arterial remodeling involving predominantly the vascular media. In addition, gain-of-function IL-13Ralpha2(-/-) mice had exacerbated vascular remodeling and PH. Mice with loss of IL-13Ralpha1 function did not develop PH and had reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Moreover, the expression of resistin-like molecule-alpha, a target of IL-13 signaling, was increased in infected wild-type and IL-13Ralpha2(-/-) but not IL-13Ralpha1(-/-) mice. Phosphorylated Smad2/3, a target of transforming growth factor-beta signaling, was increased in both infected mice and humans with the disease. Our data indicate that experimental schistosomiasis causes PH and potentially relies on up-regulated IL-13 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Redente EF, Dwyer-Nield LD, Merrick DT, Raina K, Agarwal R, Pao W, Rice PL, Shroyer KR, Malkinson AM. Tumor progression stage and anatomical site regulate tumor-associated macrophage and bone marrow-derived monocyte polarization. Am J Pathol 2010; 176:2972-85. [PMID: 20431028 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) encourage and coordinate neoplastic growth. In late stage human lung adenocarcinoma, TAMs exhibited mixed M1 (classical; argI(low)iNOS(high)) and M2 (alternative; argI(high)iNOS(low)) polarization based on arginine metabolism. In several murine cancer models including chemically and genetically-induced primary lung tumors, prostate tumors, colon xenografts, and lung metastases, TAMs expressed argI(high)iNOS(low) early during tumor formation; argI(low)iNOS(high) polarization also occurred during malignancy in some models. In a chemically-induced lung tumor model, macrophages expressed argI(high)iNOS(low) within one week after carcinogen treatment, followed by similar polarization of bone marrow-derived monocytes (BDMCs) a few days later. TAMs surrounding murine prostate tumors also expressed argI(high)iNOS(low) early during tumorigenesis, indicating that this polarization is not unique to neoplastic lungs. In a human colon cancer xenograft model, the primary tumor was surrounded by argI(high)iNOS(low)-expressing TAMs, and BDMCs also expressed argI(high)iNOS(low), but pulmonary macrophages adopted argI(high)iNOS(low) polarization only after tumors metastasized to the lungs. Persistence of tumors is required to maintain TAM polarization. Indeed, in both conditional mutant Kras- and FGF10-driven models of lung cancer, mice expressing the transgene develop lung tumors that regress rapidly when the transgene is silenced. Furthermore, pulmonary macrophages expressed argI(high)iNOS(low) on tumor induction, but then returned to argI(low) iNOS(low) (no polarization) after tumors regressed. Manipulating TAM function or depleting TAMs may provide novel therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Redente EF, Higgins DM, Dwyer-Nield LD, Orme IM, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Malkinson AM. Differential polarization of alveolar macrophages and bone marrow-derived monocytes following chemically and pathogen-induced chronic lung inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:159-68. [PMID: 20360403 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0609378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages and BDMCs undergo sequential biochemical changes during the chronic inflammatory response to chemically induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Herein, we examine two chronic lung inflammation models-repeated exposure to BHT and infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-to establish whether similar macrophage phenotype changes occur in non-neoplastic pulmonary disease. Exposure to BHT or M. tuberculosis results in pulmonary inflammation characterized by an influx of macrophages, followed by systemic effects on the BM and other organs. In both models, pulmonary IFN-gamma and IL-4 production coincided with altered polarization of alveolar macrophages. Soon after BHT administration or M. tuberculosis infection, IFN-gamma content in BALF increased, and BAL macrophages became classically (M1) polarized, as characterized by increased expression of iNOS. As inflammation progressed in both models, the amount of BALF IFN-gamma content and BAL macrophage iNOS expression decreased, and BALF IL-4 content and macrophage arginase I expression rose, indicating alternative/M2 polarization. Macrophages present in M. tuberculosis-induced granulomas remained M1-polarized, implying that these two pulmonary macrophage populations, alveolar and granuloma-associated, are exposed to different activating cytokines. BDMCs from BHT-treated mice displayed polarization profiles similar to alveolar macrophages, but BDMCs in M. tuberculosis-infected mice did not become polarized. Thus, only alveolar macrophages in these two models of chronic lung disease exhibit a similar progression of polarization changes; polarization of BDMCs was specific to BHT-induced pulmonary inflammation, and polarization of granuloma macrophages was specific to the M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Redente EF, Dwyer-Nield LD, Barrett BS, Riches DW, Malkinson AM. Lung tumor growth is stimulated in IFN-gamma-/- mice and inhibited in IL-4Ralpha-/- mice. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:5095-101. [PMID: 20044622 PMCID: PMC2860728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative (M2) macrophage activation is associated with tumor development in many tumor types, including those in the lung. Herein the biological consequences of forcing classical (M1) or alternative (M2) macrophage activation on lung tumor development are examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urethane-induced lung tumor multiplicity and size were compared in IFN-gamma(-/-) mice which lack M1 macrophage activation, IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice which lack M2 macrophage activation, and wild-type BALB/cJ (background strain of the IFN-gamma(-/-) and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice) mice. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and bone marrow-derived monocyte (BDMC) activation were each examined. RESULTS The TAMs and BDMCs in the IFN-gamma(-/-) mice exhibited M2 activation, and their lung tumors were significantly larger than those in the wild-type mice. In contrast, urethane-treated IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice, whose TAMs and BDMCs were M1 activated, developed smaller tumors than the wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Altered innate immunity can diminish or accelerate lung tumor progression in response to defective cytokine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
| | - Lori D. Dwyer-Nield
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
| | - Bradley S. Barrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Alvin M. Malkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
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Tyagi A, Singh RP, Ramasamy K, Raina K, Redente EF, Dwyer-Nield LD, Radcliffe RA, Malkinson AM, Agarwal R. Growth inhibition and regression of lung tumors by silibinin: modulation of angiogenesis by macrophage-associated cytokines and nuclear factor-kappaB and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:74-83. [PMID: 19139021 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The latency period for lung tumor progression offers a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Herein, we studied the effect of oral silibinin (742 mg/kg body weight, 5 d/wk for 10 weeks) on the growth and progression of established lung adenocarcinomas in A/J mice. Silibinin strongly decreased both tumor number and tumor size, an antitumor effect that correlates with reduced antiangiogenic activity. Silibinin reduced microvessel size (50%, P < 0.01) with no change in the number of tumor microvessels and reduced (by 30%, P < 0.05) the formation of nestin-positive microvessels in tumors. Analysis of several proteins involved in new blood vessel formation showed that silibinin decreased the tumor expression of interleukin-13 (47%) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (47%), and increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (2-fold) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (7-fold) expression, without significant changes in vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Hypoxia- inducible factor-1 alpha expression and nuclear localization were also decreased by silibinin treatment. Cytokines secreted by tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages regulate angiogenesis by activating nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Silibinin decreased the phosphorylation of p65NF-kappaB (ser276, 38%; P < 0.01) and STAT-3 (ser727, 16%; P < 0.01) in tumor cells and decreased the lung macrophage population. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and Ang-receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) expression were increased by silibinin. Therapeutic efficacy of silibinin in lung tumor growth inhibition and regression by antiangiogenic mechanisms seem to be mediated by decreased tumor-associated macrophages and cytokines, inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, NF-kappaB, and STAT-3 activation, and up-regulation of the angiogenic inhibitors, Ang-2 and Tie-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpna Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Redente EF, Massengale RD. A Systematic Analysis of the Effect of Corn, Wheat, and Poultry Dusts on Interleukin-8 Production by Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 3:31-7. [DOI: 10.1080/15476910500496529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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