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Hu J, Zhong Y, Xu P, Xin L, Zhu X, Jiang X, Gao W, Yang B, Chen Y. β-Thalassemia gene editing therapy: Advancements and difficulties. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38036. [PMID: 38701251 PMCID: PMC11062644 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is the world's number 1 single-gene genetic disorder and is characterized by suppressed or impaired production of β-pearl protein chains. This results in intramedullary destruction and premature lysis of red blood cells in peripheral blood. Among them, patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia face the problem of long-term transfusion and iron chelation therapy, which leads to clinical complications and great economic stress. As gene editing technology improves, we are seeing the dawn of a cure for the disease, with its reduction of ineffective erythropoiesis and effective prolongation of survival in critically ill patients. Here, we provide an overview of β-thalassemia distribution and pathophysiology. In addition, we focus on gene therapy and gene editing advances. Nucleic acid endonuclease tools currently available for gene editing fall into 3 categories: zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) nucleases. This paper reviews the exploratory applications and exploration of emerging therapeutic tools based on 3 classes of nucleic acid endonucleases in the treatment of β-thalassemia diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yebing Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pengxiang Xu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liuyan Xin
- Hematology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinghui Jiang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weifang Gao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Yang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yijian Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Zeng S, Lei S, Qu C, Wang Y, Teng S, Huang P. CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in therapeutic strategies for beta-thalassemia. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1677-1703. [PMID: 37878144 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia (β-thalassemia) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by point mutations, insertions, and deletions in the HBB gene cluster, resulting in the underproduction of β-globin chains. The most severe type may demonstrate complications including massive hepatosplenomegaly, bone deformities, and severe growth retardation in children. Treatments for β-thalassemia include blood transfusion, splenectomy, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, long-term blood transfusions require regular iron removal therapy. For allogeneic HSCT, human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors are rarely available, and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may occur after the transplantation. Thus, these conventional treatments are facing significant challenges. In recent years, with the advent and advancement of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) gene editing technology, precise genome editing has achieved encouraging successes in basic and clinical studies for treating various genetic disorders, including β-thalassemia. Target gene-edited autogeneic HSCT helps patients avoid graft rejection and GVHD, making it a promising curative therapy for transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT). In this review, we introduce the development and mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas9. Recent advances on feasible strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 targeting three globin genes (HBB, HBG, and HBA) and targeting cell selections for β-thalassemia therapy are highlighted. Current CRISPR-based clinical trials in the treatment of β-thalassemia are summarized, which are focused on γ-globin reactivation and fetal hemoglobin reproduction in hematopoietic stem cells. Lastly, the applications of other promising CRISPR-based technologies, such as base editing and prime editing, in treating β-thalassemia and the limitations of the CRISPR/Cas system in therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyin Lei
- The Second Norman Bethune Clinical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qu
- The First Norman Bethune Clinical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- The Second Norman Bethune Clinical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhi Teng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Rahimmanesh I, Boshtam M, Kouhpayeh S, Khanahmad H, Dabiri A, Ahangarzadeh S, Esmaeili Y, Bidram E, Vaseghi G, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Shariati L, Zarrabi A, Varma RS. Gene Editing-Based Technologies for Beta-hemoglobinopathies Treatment. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060862. [PMID: 35741383 PMCID: PMC9219845 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Beta (β)-thalassemia is a group of human inherited abnormalities caused by various molecular defects, which involves a decrease or cessation in the balanced synthesis of the β-globin chains in hemoglobin structure. Traditional treatment for β-thalassemia major is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from a completely matched donor. The limited number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors, long-term use of immunosuppressive regimen and higher risk of immunological complications have limited the application of this therapeutic approach. Furthermore, despite improvements in transfusion practices and chelation treatment, many lingering challenges have encouraged researchers to develop newer therapeutic strategies such as nanomedicine and gene editing. One of the most powerful arms of genetic manipulation is gene editing tools, including transcription activator-like effector nucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas-associated nucleases. These tools have concentrated on γ- or β-globin addition, regulating the transcription factors involved in expression of endogenous γ-globin such as KLF1, silencing of γ-globin inhibitors including BCL11A, SOX6, and LRF/ZBTB7A, and gene repair strategies. In this review article, we present a systematic overview of the appliances of gene editing tools for β-thalassemia treatment and paving the way for patients' therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81583-88994, Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Erythron Genetics and Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Isfahan 76351-81647, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Arezou Dabiri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Elham Bidram
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81583-88994, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
- Cancer Prevention Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 73461-81746, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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4
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Chen Y, Wen R, Yang Z, Chen Z. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 to treat hereditary hematological disorders. Gene Ther 2022; 29:207-216. [PMID: 33750926 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a versatile and convenient genome-editing tool with prospects in gene therapy. This technique is based on customized site-specific nucleases with programmable guiding RNAs that cleave and introduce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the target locus and achieve precise genome modification by triggering DNA repair mechanisms. Human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are conventional cell targets for gene therapy in hematological diseases and have been widely used in most studies. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from a variety of somatic cells and hold great promise for personalized cell-based therapies. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in autologous HSPCs and iPSCs is an ideal therapeutic solution for treating hereditary hematological disorders. Here, we review and summarize the latest studies about CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in patient-derived HSPCs and iPSCs to treat hereditary hematological disorders. Current challenges and prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Ruiting Wen
- Department of Hematology, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
- Department of Hematology, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Zhanghui Chen
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
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5
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Zakaria NA, Bahar R, Abdullah WZ, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Shamsuddin S, Abdul Wahab R, Johan MF. Genetic Manipulation Strategies for β-Thalassemia: A Review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:901605. [PMID: 35783328 PMCID: PMC9240386 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.901605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassemias are monogenic hematologic diseases that are classified as α- or β-thalassemia according to its quantitative abnormalities of adult α- or β-globin chains. β-thalassemia has widely spread throughout the world especially in Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, Southern China, and the Far East as well as countries along the north coast of Africa and in South America. The one and the only cure for β-thalassemia is allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT). Nevertheless, the difficulty to find matched donors has hindered the availability of this therapeutic option. Therefore, this present review explored the alternatives for β-thalassemia treatment such as RNA manipulation therapy, splice-switching, genome editing and generation of corrected induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Manipulation of β-globin RNA is mediated by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs), which redirect pre-mRNA splicing to significantly restore correct β-globin pre-mRNA splicing and gene product in cultured erythropoietic cells. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) are designer proteins that can alter the genome precisely by creating specific DNA double-strand breaks. The treatment of β-thalassemia patient-derived iPSCs with TALENs have been found to correct the β-globin gene mutations, implying that TALENs could be used as a therapy option for β-thalassemia. Additionally, CRISPR technologies using Cas9 have been used to fix mutations in the β-globin gene in cultured cells as well as induction of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH), and α-globin gene deletions have proposed a possible therapeutic option for β-thalassemia. Overall, the accumulated research evidence demonstrated the potential of ASOs-mediated aberrant splicing correction of β-thalassemia mutations and the advancements of genome therapy approaches using ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 that provided insights in finding the permanent cure of β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atikah Zakaria
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Bahar
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zaidah Abdullah
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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6
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Kues WA, Kumar D, Selokar NL, Talluri TR. Applications of genome editing tools in stem cells towards regenerative medicine: An update. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:267-279. [PMID: 34819011 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666211124095527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Precise and site specific genome editing through application of emerging and modern gene engineering techniques, namely zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) have swiftly progressed the application and use of the stem cell technology in the sphere of in-vitro disease modelling and regenerative medicine. Genome editing tools facilitate the manipulating of any gene in various types of cells with target specific nucleases. These tools aid in elucidating the genetics and etiology behind different diseases and have immense promise as novel therapeutics for correcting the genetic mutations, make alterations and cure diseases permanently that are not responding and resistant to traditional therapies. These genome engineering tools have evolved in the field of biomedical research and have also shown to have a significant improvement in clinical trials. However, their widespread use in research revealed potential safety issues, which need to be addressed before implementing such techniques in clinical purposes. Significant and valiant attempts are being made in order to surpass those hurdles. The current review outlines the advancements of several genome engineering tools and describes suitable strategies for their application towards regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Department of Biotechnology, Stem Cell Physiology, Höltystr 10, 31535 Neustadt. Germany
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR- National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner-334001, Rajasthan. India
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Tool for Modeling Hematologic Disorders and as a Potential Source for Cell-Based Therapies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113250. [PMID: 34831472 PMCID: PMC8623953 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has revolutionized the field of biomedical and pharmaceutical research and opened up vast opportunities for drug discovery and regenerative medicine, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. Numerous healthy and patient-derived hiPSCs for human disease modeling have been established, enabling mechanistic studies of pathogenesis, platforms for preclinical drug screening, and the development of novel therapeutic targets/approaches. Additionally, hiPSCs hold great promise for cell-based therapy, serving as an attractive cell source for generating stem/progenitor cells or functional differentiated cells for degenerative diseases, due to their unlimited proliferative capacity, pluripotency, and ethical acceptability. In this review, we provide an overview of hiPSCs and their utility in the study of hematologic disorders through hematopoietic differentiation. We highlight recent hereditary and acquired genetic hematologic disease modeling with patient-specific iPSCs, and discuss their applications as instrumental drug screening tools. The clinical applications of hiPSCs in cell-based therapy, including the next-generation cancer immunotherapy, are provided. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges that need to be addressed to fulfill the validity of hiPSC-based disease modeling and future perspectives of hiPSCs in the field of hematology.
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Koniali L, Lederer CW, Kleanthous M. Therapy Development by Genome Editing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1492. [PMID: 34198536 PMCID: PMC8231983 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessibility of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for the manipulation and repopulation of the blood and immune systems has placed them at the forefront of cell and gene therapy development. Recent advances in genome-editing tools, in particular for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) and CRISPR/Cas-derived editing systems, have transformed the gene therapy landscape. Their versatility and the ability to edit genomic sequences and facilitate gene disruption, correction or insertion, have broadened the spectrum of potential gene therapy targets and accelerated the development of potential curative therapies for many rare diseases treatable by transplantation or modification of HSCs. Ongoing developments seek to address efficiency and precision of HSC modification, tolerability of treatment and the distribution and affordability of corresponding therapies. Here, we give an overview of recent progress in the field of HSC genome editing as treatment for inherited disorders and summarize the most significant findings from corresponding preclinical and clinical studies. With emphasis on HSC-based therapies, we also discuss technical hurdles that need to be overcome en route to clinical translation of genome editing and indicate advances that may facilitate routine application beyond the most common disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Koniali
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Carsten W. Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
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9
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Grech L, Borg K, Borg J. Novel therapies in β-thalassaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2509-2524. [PMID: 34004015 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-thalassaemia is one of the most significant haemoglobinopathies worldwide resulting in the synthesis of little or no β-globin chains. Without treatment, β-thalassaemia major is lethal within the first decade of life due to the complex pathophysiology, which leads to wide clinical manifestations. Current clinical management for these patients depends on repeated transfusions followed by iron-chelating therapy. Several novel approaches to correct the resulting α/β-globin chain imbalance, treat ineffective erythropoiesis and improve iron overload are currently being developed. Up to now, the only curative treatment for β-thalassemia is haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, but this is a risky and costly procedure. Gene therapy, gene editing and base editing are emerging as a powerful approach to treat this disease. In β-thalassaemia, gene therapy involves the insertion of a vector containing the normal β-globin or γ-globin gene into haematopoietic stem cells to permanently produce normal red blood cells. Gene editing and base editing involves the use of zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 to either correct the causative mutation or else insert a single nucleotide variant that will increase foetal haemoglobin. In this review, we will examine the current management strategies used to treat β-thalassaemia and focus on the novel therapies targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, improving iron overload and correction of the globin chain imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grech
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Karen Borg
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Ministry for Health, Malta
| | - Joseph Borg
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Malta.,Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Malta
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Brusson M, Miccio A. Genome editing approaches to β-hemoglobinopathies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:153-183. [PMID: 34175041 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β-hemoglobinopathies are the most common monogenic disorders worldwide and are caused by mutations in the β-globin locus altering the production of adult hemoglobin (HbA). Transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) corrected by lentiviral vector-mediated addition of a functional β-like globin raised new hopes to treat sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia patients; however, the low expression of the therapeutic gene per vector copy is often not sufficient to fully correct the patients with a severe clinical phenotype. Recent advances in the genome editing field brought new possibilities to cure β-hemoglobinopathies by allowing the direct modification of specific endogenous loci. Double-strand breaks (DSBs)-inducing nucleases (i.e., ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR-Cas9) or DSB-free tools (i.e., base and prime editing) have been used to directly correct the disease-causing mutations, restoring HbA expression, or to reactivate the expression of the fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which is known to alleviate clinical symptoms of β-hemoglobinopathy patients. Here, we describe the different genome editing tools, their application to develop therapeutic approaches to β-hemoglobinopathies and ongoing clinical trials using genome editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Brusson
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
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11
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Generation of a human iPSC line CIBi008-A from amniotic fluid-derived cells of a fetus with β-thalassemia carrying variants of -28A > G and IVS-II-654C > T in HBB. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102074. [PMID: 33157391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is mostly caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in HBB. We generated a human iPSC line CIBi008-A from amniotic fluid-derived cells of a fetus with β-thalassemia major, carrying compound heterozygous -28A > G and IVS-II-654C > T variants in HBB gene. This line will be a valuable resource for disease modeling and testing gene therapies for β-thalassemia.
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12
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Gabr H, El Ghamrawy MK, Almaeen AH, Abdelhafiz AS, Hassan AOS, El Sissy MH. CRISPR-mediated gene modification of hematopoietic stem cells with beta-thalassemia IVS-1-110 mutation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:390. [PMID: 32912325 PMCID: PMC7488347 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-Thalassemias represent a group of genetic disorders caused by human hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene mutations. The radical curative approach is to correct the mutations causing the disease. CRISPR-CAS9 is a novel gene-editing technology that can be used auspiciously for the treatment of these disorders. The study aimed to investigate the utility of CRISPR-CAS9 for gene modification of hematopoietic stem cells in β-thalassemia with IVS-1-110 mutation. Methods and results We successfully isolated CD34+ cells from peripheral blood of β-thalassemia patients with IVS-1-110 mutation. The cells were transfected with Cas9 endonuclease together with guide RNA to create double-strand breaks and knock out the mutation. The mutation-corrected CD34+ cells were subjected to erythroid differentiation by culturing in complete media containing erythropoietin. Conclusion CRISPR/Cas-9 is an effective tool for gene therapy that will broaden the spectrum of therapy and potentially improve the outcomes of β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Gabr
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Aya Osama Saad Hassan
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Hamdi El Sissy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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13
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The safety and effectiveness of genetically corrected iPSCs derived from β-thalassaemia patients in nonmyeloablative β-thalassaemic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:288. [PMID: 32678022 PMCID: PMC7367314 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Thalassaemia is a clinically common cause of hereditary haemolytic anaemia stemming from mutations in important functional regions of the β-globin gene. The rapid development of gene editing technology and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has provided new methods for curing this disease. METHODS Genetically corrected β-thalassaemia (homozygous 41/42 deletion) iPSCs that were previously established in our laboratory were induced to differentiate into HSCs, which were transplanted into a mouse model of IVS2-654 β-thalassaemia (B6;129P2-Hbbtm2Unc/J mice) after administration of an appropriate nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. We also investigated the safety of this method by detecting the incidence of tumour formation in these mice after transplantation. RESULTS The combination of 25 mg/kg busulfan and 50 mg/(kg day) cyclophosphamide is an ideal nonmyeloablative protocol before transplantation. Genetically corrected β-thalassaemic HSCs survived and differentiated in nonmyeloablated thalassaemia mice. No tumour formation was observed in the mice for 10 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that the transplantation of genetically corrected, patient-specific iPSCs could be used to cure genetic diseases, such as β-thalassaemia major.
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TALEN-mediated biallelic inactivation of MYB in human embryonic stem cell lines WAe001-A-45 and WAe001-A-46. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101854. [PMID: 32526676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB/c-MYB is a proto-oncogene encoding a helix-turn-helix transcription factor that plays a critical role in controlling proliferation and multilineage differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells. Deregulation of MYB expression is associated with several types of leukemias and lymphomas. In an attempt to explore the role of the gene in the early human hematopoiesis, we have achieved bi-allelic targeting of MYB in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by TALEN-mediated homologous recombination. Furthermore, the gene targeting introduced eYFP Venus reporter gene into the MYB locus to delineate the expression pattern of MYB. The resulting two cell lines, WAe001-A-45 and WAe001-A-46, passed the standard assays for human pluripotent stem cells. Hematopoietic differentiation of these cell lines provides a model to study the role of MYB in human hematopoietic development.
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16
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Ullah H, You H, Shah Z, Fan C, Zhang B, Liu H, Zhang J, Abbas N, Filonenko ES, Samokhvalov IM. Generation of RUNX1-null reporter human embryonic stem cell line GIBHe008-A. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101800. [PMID: 32371361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1/AML1/CBFA2 (runt-related transcription factor 1/acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein/core-binding factor subunit alpha-2), is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the development of normal hematopoiesis. RUNX1 is also essential for the development of immune cells and sensory neurons. Chromosomal translocations involving the gene have been associated with several types of leukemia. To investigate the role of RUNX1 in human hematopoietic development we generated RUNX1-null human embryonic stem cell reporter line GIBHe008-A by TALEN mediated homologous recombination. This cell line GIBHe008-A was subjected to detailed characterization by standard assays for human pluripotent stem cells. It provides an ideal model to study the role of RUNX1 in the hESC-derived developmental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao You
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zahir Shah
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nasir Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Elena S Filonenko
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Igor M Samokhvalov
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the ways in which stem cells are used in psychiatric disease research, including the related advances in gene editing and directed cell differentiation. RECENT FINDINGS The recent development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies has created new possibilities for the study of psychiatric disease. iPSCs can be derived from patients or controls and differentiated to an array of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Their genomes can be edited as desired, and they can be assessed for a variety of phenotypes. This makes them especially interesting for studying genetic variation, which is particularly useful today now that our knowledge on the genetics of psychiatric disease is quickly expanding. The recent advances in cell engineering have led to powerful new methods for studying psychiatric illness including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism. There is a wide array of possible applications as illustrated by the many examples from the literature, most of which are cited here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debamitra Das
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyra Feuer
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marah Wahbeh
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Valenti MT, Serena M, Carbonare LD, Zipeto D. CRISPR/Cas system: An emerging technology in stem cell research. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:937-956. [PMID: 31768221 PMCID: PMC6851009 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i11.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new and even more precise technologies for modifying and manipulating the genome has been a challenge since the discovery of the DNA double helix. The ability to modify selectively specific genes provides a powerful tool for characterizing gene functions, performing gene therapy, correcting specific genetic mutations, eradicating diseases, engineering cells and organisms to achieve new and different functions and obtaining transgenic animals as models for studying specific diseases. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology has recently revolutionized genome engineering. The application of this new technology to stem cell research allows disease models to be developed to explore new therapeutic tools. The possibility of translating new systems of molecular knowledge to clinical research is particularly appealing for addressing degenerative diseases. In this review, we describe several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 to stem cells related to degenerative diseases. In addition, we address the challenges and future perspectives regarding the use of CRISPR/Cas9 as an important technology in the medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine D, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Michela Serena
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine D, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Verona 37134, Italy
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19
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Xiong Z, Xie Y, Yang Y, Xue Y, Wang D, Lin S, Chen D, Lu D, He L, Song B, Yang Y, Sun X. Efficient gene correction of an aberrant splice site in β-thalassaemia iPSCs by CRISPR/Cas9 and single-strand oligodeoxynucleotides. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8046-8057. [PMID: 31631510 PMCID: PMC6850948 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β‐thalassaemia is a prevalent hereditary haematological disease caused by mutations in the human haemoglobin β (HBB) gene. Among them, the HBB IVS2‐654 (C > T) mutation, which is in the intron, creates an aberrant splicing site. Bone marrow transplantation for curing β‐thalassaemia is limited due to the lack of matched donors. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9), as a widely used tool for gene editing, is able to target specific sequence and create double‐strand break (DSB), which can be combined with the single‐stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) to correct mutations. In this study, according to two different strategies, the HBB IVS2‐654 mutation was seamlessly corrected in iPSCs by CRISPR/Cas9 system and ssODN. To reduce the occurrence of secondary cleavage, a more efficient strategy was adopted. The corrected iPSCs kept pluripotency and genome stability. Moreover, they could differentiate normally. Through CRISPR/Cas9 system and ssODN, our study provides improved strategies for gene correction of β‐Thalassaemia, and the expression of the HBB gene can be restored, which can be used for gene therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanting Xue
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dian Lu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina He
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Song
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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20
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Aspesi A, Borsotti C, Follenzi A. Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 18:327-335. [PMID: 30411682 PMCID: PMC6637096 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181109124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited erythroid aplasia with onset in childhood. Patients carry heterozygous mutations in one of 19 Ribosomal Protein (RP) genes, that lead to defective ribosome biogenesis and function. Standard treatments include steroids or blood transfusions but the only definitive cure is allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Although advances in HSCT have greatly improved the success rate over the last years, the risk of adverse events and mor-tality is still significant. Clinical trials employing gene therapy are now in progress for a variety of monogenic diseases and the development of innovative stem cell-based strategies may open new alternatives for DBA treatment as well. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress toward the implementation of new thera-peutic approaches for this disorder. We present different DNA- and RNA-based technologies as well as new candidate pharmacological treatments and discuss their relevance and potential applicability for the cure of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
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21
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Yingjun X, Yuhuan X, Yuchang C, Dongzhi L, Ding W, Bing S, Yi Y, Dian L, Yanting X, Zeyu X, Nengqing L, Diyu C, Xiaofang S. CRISPR/Cas9 gene correction of HbH-CS thalassemia-induced pluripotent stem cells. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:2661-2671. [PMID: 31495903 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haemoglobin (Hb) H-constant spring (CS) alpha thalassaemia (- -/-αCS) is the most common type of nondeletional Hb H disease in southern China. The CRISPR/Cas9-based gene correction of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cell transplantation now represent a therapeutic solution for this genetic disease. We designed primers for the target sites using CRISPR/Cas9 to specifically edit the HBA2 gene with an Hb-CS mutation. After applying a correction-specific PCR assay to purify the corrected clones followed by sequencing to confirm the mutation correction, we verified that the purified clones retained full pluripotency and exhibited a normal karyotype. This strategy may be promising in the future, although it is far from representing a solution for the treatment of HbH-CS thalassemia now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Yingjun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xie Yuhuan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chen Yuchang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Dongzhi
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Centre affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Ding
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Song Bing
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lu Dian
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue Yanting
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiong Zeyu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liu Nengqing
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chen Diyu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sun Xiaofang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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22
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MicroRNA Profiling During Neural Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153651. [PMID: 31357387 PMCID: PMC6696086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) play an essential role in the regulation of gene expression and influence signaling networks responsible for several cellular processes like differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Despite several studies on the neurogenesis process, no global analysis of microRNA expression during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to neuronal stem cells (NSC) has been done. Therefore, we compared the profile of microRNA expression in iPSC lines and in NSC lines derived from them, using microarray-based analysis. Two different protocols for NSC formation were used: Direct and two-step via neural rosette formation. We confirmed the new associations of previously described miRNAs in regulation of NSC differentiation from iPSC. We discovered upregulation of miR-10 family, miR-30 family and miR-9 family and downregulation of miR-302 and miR-515 family expression. Moreover, we showed that miR-10 family play a crucial role in the negative regulation of genes expression belonging to signaling pathways involved in neural differentiation: WNT signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells.
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23
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Georgomanoli M, Papapetrou EP. Modeling blood diseases with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039321. [PMID: 31171568 PMCID: PMC6602313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells through a reprogramming process, which converts them to a pluripotent state, akin to that of embryonic stem cells. Over the past decade, iPSC models have found increasing applications in the study of human diseases, with blood disorders featuring prominently. Here, we discuss methodological aspects pertaining to iPSC generation, hematopoietic differentiation and gene editing, and provide an overview of uses of iPSCs in modeling the cell and gene therapy of inherited genetic blood disorders, as well as their more recent use as models of myeloid malignancies. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of iPSCs compared to model organisms and other cellular systems commonly used in hematology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgomanoli
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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24
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Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Kołodziejczak I, Wiznerowicz M. Gene delivery methods and genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2019; 24:180-187. [PMID: 30820192 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from normal somatic cells could be utilized to study tumorigenesis through overexpression of specific oncogenes, downregulation of tumor suppressors and dysregulation of other factors thought to promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, effective approaches that provide direct modifications of induced pluripotent stem cell genome are extremely needed. Emerging strategies are expected to provide the ability to more effectively introduce diverse genetic alterations, from as small as single-nucleotide modifications to whole gene amplification or deletion, all with a high degree of target specificity. To date, several techniques have been applied in stem cell studies to directly edit cell genome (ZFNs, TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9). In this review, we summarize specific gene delivery strategies that were applied to stem cell studies together with genome editing techniques, which enable a direct modification of endogenous DNA sequences in the context of cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwińska
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Kołodziejczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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25
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Chu C, Yang Z, Yang J, Yan L, Si C, Kang Y, Chen Z, Chen Y, Ji W, Niu Y. Homologous recombination-mediated targeted integration in monkey embryos using TALE nucleases. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:7. [PMID: 30646876 PMCID: PMC6334428 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-human primate (NHP) models can closely mimic human physiological functions and are therefore highly valuable in biomedical research. Genome editing is now developing rapidly due to the precision and efficiency offered by engineered site-specific endonuclease-based systems, such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) system. It has been demonstrated that these programmable nucleases can introduce genetic changes in embryos from many species including NHPs. In 2014, we reported the first genetic editing of macaques using TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9. Subsequently, we characterized the phenotype of a methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2)-mutant cynomolgus monkey model of Rett syndrome generated using the TALEN approach. These efforts not only accelerated the advance of modeling genetic diseases in NHPs, but also encouraged us to develop specific gene knock-in monkeys. In this study, we assess the possibility of homologous recombination (HR)-mediated gene replacement using TALENs in monkeys, and generate preimplantation embryos carrying an EmGFP fluorescent reporter constructed in the OCT4 gene. Result We assembled a pair of TALENs specific to the first exon of the OCT4 gene and constructed a donor vector consisting of the homology arms cloned from the monkey genome DNA, flanking an EmGFP cassette. Next, we co-injected the TALENs-coding plasmid and donor plasmid into the cytoplasm of 122 zygotes 6–8 h after fertilization. Sequencing and immunofluorescence revealed that the OCT4-EmGFP knock-in allele had been successfully generated by TALENs-mediated HR at an efficiency of 11.3% (7 out of 62) or 11.1% (1 out of 9), respectively, in monkey embryos. Conclusion We have successfully, for the first time, obtained OCT4-EmGFP knock-in monkey embryos via HR mediated by TALENs. Our results suggest that gene targeting through TALEN-assisted HR is a useful approach to introduce precise genetic modification in NHPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0494-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- The Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Li Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chenyang Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuyu Niu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Dolatshad H, Tatwavedi D, Ahmed D, Tegethoff JF, Boultwood J, Pellagatti A. Application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for the investigation of hematological disorders. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 71:19-33. [PMID: 30341008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first described over a decade ago and are currently used in various basic biology and clinical research fields. Recent advances in the field of human iPSCs have opened the way to a better understanding of the biology of human diseases. Disease-specific iPSCs provide an unparalleled opportunity to establish novel human cell-based disease models, with the potential to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human malignancies, and to accelerate the identification of effective new drugs. When combined with genome editing technologies, iPSCs represent a new approach to study single or multiple disease-causing mutations and model specific diseases in vitro. In addition, genetically corrected patient-specific iPSCs could potentially be used for stem cell based therapy. Furthermore, the reprogrammed cells share patient-specific genetic background, offering a new platform to develop personalized therapy/medicine for patients. In this review we discuss the recent advances in iPSC research technology and their potential applications in hematological diseases. Somatic cell reprogramming has presented new routes for generating patient-derived iPSCs, which can be differentiated to hematopoietic stem cells and the various downstream hematopoietic lineages. iPSC technology shows promise in the modeling of both inherited and acquired hematological disorders. A direct reprogramming and differentiation strategy is able to recapitulate hematological disorder progression and capture the earliest molecular alterations that underlie the initiation of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Dolatshad
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Doaa Ahmed
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK; Clinical Pathology Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jana F Tegethoff
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK.
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27
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Programmable Molecular Scissors: Applications of a New Tool for Genome Editing in Biotech. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:212-238. [PMID: 30641475 PMCID: PMC6330515 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing is an advanced technique that enables precise modification of the nucleic acid sequences in a genome. Genome editing is typically performed using tools, such as molecular scissors, to cut a defined location in a specific gene. Genome editing has impacted various fields of biotechnology, such as agriculture; biopharmaceutical production; studies on the structure, regulation, and function of the genome; and the creation of transgenic organisms and cell lines. Although genome editing is used frequently, it has several limitations. Here, we provide an overview of well-studied genome-editing nucleases, including single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and CRISPR-Cas9 RNA-guided nucleases (CRISPR-Cas9). To this end, we describe the progress toward editable nuclease-based therapies and discuss the minimization of off-target mutagenesis. Future prospects of this challenging scientific field are also discussed.
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28
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Ma N, Zhang J, Itzhaki I, Zhang SL, Chen H, Haddad F, Kitani T, Wilson KD, Tian L, Shrestha R, Wu H, Lam CK, Sayed N, Wu JC. Determining the Pathogenicity of a Genomic Variant of Uncertain Significance Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Circulation 2018; 138:2666-2681. [PMID: 29914921 PMCID: PMC6298866 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression toward low-cost and rapid next-generation sequencing has uncovered a multitude of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in both patients and asymptomatic "healthy" individuals. A VUS is a rare or novel variant for which disease pathogenicity has not been conclusively demonstrated or excluded, and thus cannot be definitively annotated. VUS, therefore, pose critical clinical interpretation and risk-assessment challenges, and new methods are urgently needed to better characterize their pathogenicity. METHODS To address this challenge and showcase the uncertainty surrounding genomic variant interpretation, we recruited a "healthy" asymptomatic individual, lacking cardiac-disease clinical history, carrying a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-associated genetic variant (NM_000258.2:c.170C>A, NP_000249.1:p.Ala57Asp) in the sarcomeric gene MYL3, reported by the ClinVar database to be "likely pathogenic." Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from the heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A) carrier, and their genome was edited using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate 4 isogenic iPSC lines: (1) corrected "healthy" control; (2) homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A); (3) heterozygous frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs); and (4) known heterozygous MYL3 pathogenic mutation (NM_000258.2:c.170C>G), at the same nucleotide position as VUS MYL3(170C>A), lines. Extensive assays including measurements of gene expression, sarcomere structure, cell size, contractility, action potentials, and calcium handling were performed on the isogenic iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). RESULTS The heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)-iPSC-CMs did not show an HCM phenotype at the gene expression, morphology, or functional levels. Furthermore, genome-edited homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)- and frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs)-iPSC-CMs lines were also asymptomatic, supporting a benign assessment for this particular MYL3 variant. Further assessment of the pathogenic nature of a genome-edited isogenic line carrying a known pathogenic MYL3 mutation, MYL3(170C>G), and a carrier-specific iPSC-CMs line, carrying a MYBPC3(961G>A) HCM variant, demonstrated the ability of this combined platform to provide both pathogenic and benign assessments. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates the ability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome-editing of carrier-specific iPSCs to elucidate both benign and pathogenic HCM functional phenotypes in a carrier-specific manner in a dish. As such, this platform represents a promising VUS risk-assessment tool that can be used for assessing HCM-associated VUS specifically, and VUS in general, and thus significantly contribute to the arsenal of precision medicine tools available in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joe Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophia L. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodong Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francois Haddad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kitchener D. Wilson
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Gameiro GR, Sinkunas V, Liguori GR, Auler-Júnior JOC. Precision Medicine: Changing the way we think about healthcare. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e723. [PMID: 30517307 PMCID: PMC6251254 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017/e723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care has changed since the decline in mortality caused by infectious diseases as well as chronic and non-contagious diseases, with a direct impact on the cost of public health and individual health care. We must now transition from traditional reactive medicine based on symptoms, diagnosis and treatment to a system that targets the disease before it occurs and, if it cannot be avoided, treats the disease in a personalized manner. Precision Medicine is that new way of thinking about medicine. In this paper, we performed a thorough review of the literature to present an updated review on the subject, discussing the impact of the use of genetics and genomics in the care process as well as medical education, clinical research and ethical issues. The Precision Medicine model is expanded upon in this article to include its principles of prediction, prevention, personalization and participation. Finally, we discuss Precision Medicine in various specialty fields and how it has been implemented in developing countries and its effects on public health and medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktor Sinkunas
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Gabriel Romero Liguori
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulacao (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - José Otavio Costa Auler-Júnior
- Divisao de Anestesiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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30
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Alateeq S, Ovchinnikov D, Tracey T, Whitworth D, Al-Rubaish A, Al-Ali A, Wolvetang E. Identification of on-target mutagenesis during correction of a beta-thalassemia splice mutation in iPS cells with optimised CRISPR/Cas9-double nickase reveals potential safety concerns. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:046103. [PMID: 31069325 PMCID: PMC6481731 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise and accurate gene correction is crucial for enabling iPSC-based therapies, and Cas9-Nickase based approaches are increasingly considered for in vivo correction of diseases such as beta-thalassemia. Here, we generate footprint-free induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient with a beta-thalassemia mutation (IVSII-1 G > A) and employ a double Cas9nickase-mediated correction strategy combined with a piggyBac transposon-modified donor vector for gene correction. Our approach further aimed to minimize the formation of adjacent single-strand breaks at the targeted allele through the destruction of the binding site for one guide and the use of a synonymous protospacer adjacent motif blocking mutation (canonical PAM sequence 5'-NGG-3' is changed to 5'-NCG-3', where N indicates any nucleobase) for the other guide. We show that this strategy indeed not only permits bi-allelic seamless repair of the beta-globin gene splice site mutation and negligible off-target mutagenesis or re-editing of the targeted allele but also results in unexpected on-target mutagenesis with some guide RNAs (gRNAs) in several targeted clones. This study thus not only validates a framework for seamless gene correction with enhanced specificity and accuracy but also highlights potential safety concerns associated with Cas9-nickase based gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry Ovchinnikov
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy Tracey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Deanne Whitworth
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al-Rubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein Al-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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31
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Durbin MD, Cadar AG, Chun YW, Hong CC. Investigating pediatric disorders with induced pluripotent stem cells. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:499-508. [PMID: 30065271 PMCID: PMC6265074 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of disease pathophysiology has long relied on model systems, including animal models and cultured cells. In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka achieved a breakthrough by reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This revolutionary discovery provided new opportunities for disease modeling and therapeutic intervention. With established protocols, investigators can generate iPSC lines from patient blood, urine, and tissue samples. These iPSCs retain ability to differentiate into every human cell type. Advances in differentiation and organogenesis move cellular in vitro modeling to a multicellular model capable of recapitulating physiology and disease. Here, we discuss limitations of traditional animal and tissue culture models, as well as the application of iPSC models. We highlight various techniques, including reprogramming strategies, directed differentiation, tissue engineering, organoid developments, and genome editing. We extensively summarize current established iPSC disease models that utilize these techniques. Confluence of these technologies will advance our understanding of pediatric diseases and help usher in new personalized therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Durbin
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Adrian G. Cadar
- Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Young W. Chun
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine Division University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine Division University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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32
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Kim H, Schaniel C. Modeling Hematological Diseases and Cancer With Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2243. [PMID: 30323816 PMCID: PMC6172418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) together with recent advances in genome editing, microphysiological systems, tissue engineering and xenograft models present new opportunities for the investigation of hematological diseases and cancer in a patient-specific context. Here we review the progress in the field and discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges of iPSC-based malignancy modeling. We will also discuss the use of iPSCs and its derivatives as cellular sources for drug target identification, drug development and evaluation of pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huensuk Kim
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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33
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Merkert S, Martin U. Targeted Gene Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Site-Specific Nucleases. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:169-186. [PMID: 29124278 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and site-directed nucleases brought a major breakthrough in the development of regenerative therapies and biomedical research. With the advancement of ZFNs, TALENs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, straightforward and precise manipulation of the genome of human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) became possible, allowing relatively easy and fast generation of gene knockouts, integration of transgenes, or even introduction of single nucleotide changes for correction or introduction of disease-specific mutations. We review current applications of site-specific nucleases in human PSCs and focus on trends and challenges for efficient gene editing and improvement of targeting strategies. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Merkert
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany. .,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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34
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Hollywood JA, Sanz DJ, Davidson AJ, Harrison PT. Gene Editing of Stem Cells to Model and Treat Disease. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Programmable nucleases including zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein have tremendous potential biological and therapeutic applications as novel genome editing tools. These nucleases enable precise modification of the gene of interest by disruption, insertion, or correction. The application of genome editing technology to pluripotent stem cells or hematopoietic stem cells has the potential to remarkably advance the contribution of this technology to life sciences. Specifically, disease models can be generated and effective therapeutics can be developed with great efficiency and speed. Here we review the characteristics and mechanisms of each programmable nuclease. In addition, we review the applications of these nucleases to stem cells for disease therapies and summarize key studies of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. .,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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36
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Fang Y, Cheng Y, Lu D, Gong X, Yang G, Gong Z, Zhu Y, Sang X, Fan S, Zhang J, Zeng F. Treatment of β 654 -thalassaemia by TALENs in a mouse model. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12491. [PMID: 30070404 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored whether TALENs-mediated non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) targeting the mutation site can correct the aberrant β-globin RNA splicing, and ameliorate the β-thalassaemia phenotype in β654 mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS TALENs vectors targeted to the human β-globin gene (HBB) IVS2-654C >T mutation in a mouse model were constructed and selected to generate double heterozygous TALENs+ /β654 mice. The gene editing and off-target effects were analysed by sequencing analysis. β-globin expression was identified by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Various clinical indices including haematologic parameters and tissue pathology were examined to determine the therapeutic effect in these TALENs+ /β654 mice. RESULTS Sequencing analysis revealed that the HBB IVS2-654C >T point mutation was deleted in over 50% of the TALENs+ /β654 mice tested, and off-target effects were not detected. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of normal β-globin in TALENs+ /β654 mice. The haematologic parameters were significantly improved as compared with their affected littermates. The proportion of nucleated cells in bone marrow was considerably decreased, splenomegaly with extramedullary haematopoiesis was reduced, and significant decreases in iron deposition were seen in spleen and liver of the TALENs+ /β654 mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest effective treatment of the anaemia phenotype in TALENs+ /β654 mice following deletion of the mutation site by TALENs, demonstrating a simple and straightforward strategy for gene therapy of β654 -thalassaemia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Fang
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Gong
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanheng Yang
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijuan Gong
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sang
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyue Fan
- Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu W, Liu J, Su Z, Li Z, Ma N, Huang K, Zhou T, Wang L. Generation of H1 PAX6 WT/EGFP reporter cells to purify PAX6 positive neural stem/progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:442-449. [PMID: 29807013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural conversion from human pluripotent cells (hPSCs) is a potential therapy to neurological disease in the future. However, this is still limited by efficiency and stability of existed protocols used for neural induction from hPSCs. To overcome this obstacle, we developed a reporter system to screen PAX6+ neural progenitor/stem cells using transcription activator like effector nuclease (TALEN). We found that knock-in 2 A-EGFP cassette into PAX6 exon of human embryonic stem cells H1 with TALEN-based homology recombination could establish PAX6WT/EGFP H1 reporter cell line fast and efficiently. This reporter cell line could differentiate into PAX6 and EGFP double positive neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs/NSCs) after neural induction. Those PAX6WT/EGFP NPCs could be purified, expanded and specified to post-mitotic neurons in vitro efficiently. With this reporter cell line, we also screened out 1 NPC-specific microRNA, hsa-miR-99a-5p, and 3 ESCs-enriched miRNAs, hsa-miR-302c-5p, hsa-miR-512-3p and hsa-miR-518 b. In conclusion, the TALEN-based neural stem cell screening system is safe and efficient and could help researcher to acquire adequate and pure neural progenitor cells for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Juli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Zhenghui Su
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Linli Wang
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
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Chang CY, Ting HC, Su HL, Jeng JR. Combining Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genome Editing Technologies for Clinical Applications. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:379-392. [PMID: 29806481 PMCID: PMC6038034 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718754560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we introduce current developments in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), site-specific nuclease (SSN)-mediated genome editing tools, and the combined application of these two novel technologies in biomedical research and therapeutic trials. The sustainable pluripotent property of iPSCs in vitro not only provides unlimited cell sources for basic research but also benefits precision medicines for human diseases. In addition, rapidly evolving SSN tools efficiently tailor genetic manipulations for exploring gene functions and can be utilized to correct genetic defects of congenital diseases in the near future. Combining iPSC and SSN technologies will create new reliable human disease models with isogenic backgrounds in vitro and provide new solutions for cell replacement and precise therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- 1 Bio-innovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,2 Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Hong-Lin Su
- 3 Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ren Jeng
- 4 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Bergmann T, Ehrke-Schulz E, Gao J, Schiwon M, Schildgen V, David S, Schildgen O, Ehrhardt A. Designer nuclease-mediated gene correction via homology-directed repair in an in vitro model of canine hemophilia B. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3020. [PMID: 29608237 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene correction at specific target loci provides a powerful strategy for overcoming genetic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to use an in vitro model for canine hemophilia B containing a single point mutation in the catalytic domain of the canine coagulation factor IX (cFIX) gene. To correct the defective gene via homology-directed repair (HDR), we designed transcription-activator like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats including Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) for introduction of double-strand breaks at the mutation site. METHODS To generate a stable cell line containing the mutated cFIX locus, a 2-kb genomic DNA fragment derived from a hemophilia B dog was amplified and integrated utilizing the phiC31 integrase system. Designer nucleases were assembled and cloned into vectors for constitutive and inducible expression. To detect mutations, insertions and deletions, and HDR events after nuclease treatment T7E1 assays, an amplification-refractory mutation system-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing were performed. RESULTS To perform HDR correction experiments, we established a cell line carrying the mutated cFIX locus. In HDR approaches we either explored a wild-type or an optimized cFIX sequence and we found that our modified HDR cassette showed higher gene correction efficiencies of up to 6.4%. Furthermore, we compared inducible and constitutive designer nuclease expression systems and found that the inducible system resulted in comparable HDR efficiencies. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the potential of this strategy for gene therapeutic approaches in vitro and in a canine model for hemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bergmann
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Jian Gao
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Maren Schiwon
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Verena Schildgen
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Hospital Merheim, Clinics of Cologne, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan David
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Oliver Schildgen
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Hospital Merheim, Clinics of Cologne, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Zivot A, Lipton JM, Narla A, Blanc L. Erythropoiesis: insights into pathophysiology and treatments in 2017. Mol Med 2018; 24:11. [PMID: 30134792 PMCID: PMC6016880 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a tightly-regulated and complex process originating in the bone marrow from a multipotent stem cell and terminating in a mature, enucleated erythrocyte.Altered red cell production can result from the direct impairment of medullary erythropoiesis, as seen in the thalassemia syndromes, inherited bone marrow failure as well as in the anemia of chronic disease. Alternatively, in disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) as well as enzymopathies and membrane defects, medullary erythropoiesis is not, or only minimally, directly impaired. Despite these differences in pathophysiology, therapies have traditionally been non-specific, limited to symptomatic control of anemia via packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion, resulting in iron overload and the eventual need for iron chelation or splenectomy to reduce defective red cell destruction. Likewise, in polycythemia vera overproduction of red cells has historically been dealt with by non-specific myelosuppression or phlebotomy. With a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology, new therapeutic targets have been identified including induction of fetal hemoglobin, interference with aberrant signaling pathways and gene therapy for definitive cure. This review, utilizing some representative disorders of erythropoiesis, will highlight novel therapeutic modalities currently in development for treatment of red cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zivot
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Division of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lipton
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Division of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anupama Narla
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Division of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA.
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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41
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Sin YY, Ballantyne LL, Richmond CR, Funk CD. Transplantation of Gene-Edited Hepatocyte-like Cells Modestly Improves Survival of Arginase-1-Deficient Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 10:122-130. [PMID: 29499927 PMCID: PMC5862027 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progress in gene editing research has been accelerated by utilizing engineered nucleases in combination with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. Here, we report transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated reincorporation of Arg1 exons 7 and 8 in iPSCs derived from arginase-1-deficient mice possessing Arg1Δ alleles lacking these terminal exons. The edited cells could be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs) in vitro and were subsequently used for transplantation into our previously described (Sin et al., PLoS ONE 2013) tamoxifen-inducible Arg1-Cre arginase-1-deficient mouse model. While successful gene-targeted repair was achieved in iPSCs containing Arg1Δ alleles, only minimal restoration of urea cycle function could be observed in the iHLC-transplanted mice compared to control mice, and survival in this lethal model was extended by up to a week in some mice. The partially rescued phenotype may be due to inadequate regenerative capacity of arginase-1-expressing cells in the correct metabolic zones. Technical hurdles exist and will need to be overcome for gene-edited iPSC to iHLC rescue of arginase-1 deficiency, a rare urea cycle disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yan Sin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Laurel L Ballantyne
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher R Richmond
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Giacalone JC, Sharma TP, Burnight ER, Fingert JF, Mullins RF, Stone EM, Tucker BA. CRISPR-Cas9-Based Genome Editing of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:5B.7.1-5B.7.22. [PMID: 29512106 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are the ideal cell source for autologous cell replacement. However, for patients with Mendelian diseases, genetic correction of the original disease-causing mutation is likely required prior to cellular differentiation and transplantation. The emergence of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of genome editing. By introducing inexpensive reagents that are relatively straightforward to design and validate, it is now possible to correct genetic variants or insert desired sequences at any location within the genome. CRISPR-based genome editing of patient-specific iPSCs shows great promise for future autologous cell replacement therapies. One caveat, however, is that hiPSCs are notoriously difficult to transfect, and optimized experimental design considerations are often necessary. This unit describes design strategies and methods for efficient CRISPR-based genome editing of patient- specific iPSCs. Additionally, it details a flexible approach that utilizes positive selection to generate clones with a desired genomic modification, Cre-lox recombination to remove the integrated selection cassette, and negative selection to eliminate residual hiPSCs with intact selection cassettes. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Giacalone
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Tasneem P Sharma
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Erin R Burnight
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F Fingert
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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One-step genetic correction of hemoglobin E/beta-thalassemia patient-derived iPSCs by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29482624 PMCID: PMC5828150 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thalassemia is the most common genetic disease worldwide; those with severe disease require lifelong blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy. The definitive cure for thalassemia is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is limited due to lack of HLA-matched donors and the risk of post-transplant complications. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers prospects for autologous cell-based therapy which could avoid the immunological problems. We now report genetic correction of the beta hemoglobin (HBB) gene in iPSCs derived from a patient with a double heterozygote for hemoglobin E and β-thalassemia (HbE/β-thalassemia), the most common thalassemia syndrome in Thailand and Southeast Asia. Methods We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target the hemoglobin E mutation from one allele of the HBB gene by homology-directed repair with a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide template. DNA sequences of the corrected iPSCs were validated by Sanger sequencing. The corrected clones were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor and erythroid cells to confirm their multilineage differentiation potential and hemoglobin expression. Results The hemoglobin E mutation of HbE/β-thalassemia iPSCs was seamlessly corrected by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The corrected clones were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells under feeder-free and OP9 coculture systems. These progenitor cells were further expanded in erythroid liquid culture system and developed into erythroid cells that expressed mature HBB gene and HBB protein. Conclusions Our study provides a strategy to correct hemoglobin E mutation in one step and these corrected iPSCs can be differentiated into hematopoietic stem cells to be used for autologous transplantation in patients with HbE/β-thalassemia in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0779-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Loucari CC, Patsali P, van Dijk TB, Stephanou C, Papasavva P, Zanti M, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Christou S, Sitarou M, Philipsen S, Lederer CW, Kleanthous M. Rapid and Sensitive Assessment of Globin Chains for Gene and Cell Therapy of Hemoglobinopathies. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:60-74. [PMID: 29325430 PMCID: PMC5806072 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-hemoglobinopathies sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia are the focus of many gene-therapy studies. A key disease parameter is the abundance of globin chains because it indicates the level of anemia, likely toxicity of excess or aberrant globins, and therapeutic potential of induced or exogenous β-like globins. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allows versatile and inexpensive globin quantification, but commonly applied protocols suffer from long run times, high sample requirements, or inability to separate murine from human β-globin chains. The latter point is problematic for in vivo studies with gene-addition vectors in murine disease models and mouse/human chimeras. This study demonstrates HPLC-based measurements of globin expression (1) after differentiation of the commonly applied human umbilical cord blood-derived erythroid progenitor-2 cell line, (2) in erythroid progeny of CD34+ cells for the analysis of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated disruption of the globin regulator BCL11A, and (3) of transgenic mice holding the human β-globin locus. At run times of 8 min for separation of murine and human β-globin chains as well as of human γ-globin chains, and with routine measurement of globin-chain ratios for 12 nL of blood (tested for down to 0.75 nL) or of 300,000 in vitro differentiated cells, the methods presented here and any variant-specific adaptations thereof will greatly facilitate evaluation of novel therapy applications for β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos C. Loucari
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros Patsali
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thamar B. van Dijk
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coralea Stephanou
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panayiota Papasavva
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Zanti
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten W. Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Saito A, Ooki A, Nakamura T, Onodera S, Hayashi K, Hasegawa D, Okudaira T, Watanabe K, Kato H, Onda T, Watanabe A, Kosaki K, Nishimura K, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Sakamoto T, Yamaguchi A, Sueishi K, Azuma T. Targeted reversion of induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with human cleidocranial dysplasia improves bone regeneration in a rat calvarial bone defect model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:12. [PMID: 29357927 PMCID: PMC5778688 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) haploinsufficiency causes cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) which is characterized by supernumerary teeth, short stature, clavicular dysplasia, and osteoporosis. At present, as a therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation therapy is performed in addition to drug therapy. However, MSC-based therapy for osteoporosis in CCD patients is difficult due to a reduction in the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts resulting from impaired RUNX2 function. Here, we investigated whether induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) properly differentiate into osteoblasts after repairing the RUNX2 mutation in iPSCs derived from CCD patients to establish normal iPSCs, and whether engraftment of osteoblasts derived from properly reverted iPSCs results in better regeneration in immunodeficient rat calvarial bone defect models. Methods Two cases of CCD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (CCD-iPSCs) were generated using retroviral vectors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC) or a Sendai virus SeVdp vector (KOSM302L). Reverted iPSCs were established using programmable nucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas-derived RNA-guided endonucleases, to correct mutations in CCD-iPSCs. The mRNA expressions of osteoblast-specific markers were analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. iPSCs-derived osteoblasts were transplanted into rat calvarial bone defects, and bone regeneration was evaluated using microcomputed tomography analysis and histological analysis. Results Mutation analysis showed that both contained nonsense mutations: one at the very beginning of exon 1 and the other at the initial position of the nuclear matrix-targeting signal. The osteoblasts derived from CCD-iPSCs (CCD-OBs) expressed low levels of several osteoblast differentiation markers, and transplantation of these osteoblasts into calvarial bone defects created in rats with severe combined immunodeficiency showed poor regeneration. However, reverted iPSCs improved the abnormal osteoblast differentiation which resulted in much better engraftment into the rat calvarial bone defect. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate that patient-specific iPSC technology can not only provide a useful disease model to elucidate the role of RUNX2 in osteoblastic differentiation but also raises the tantalizing prospect that reverted iPSCs might provide a practical medical treatment for CCD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0754-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akio Ooki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kamichika Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahito Okudaira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Onda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nishimura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Teruo Sakamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Thalassemia (thal) is an autosomal recessive, hereditary, chronic hemolytic anemia due to a partial or complete deficiency in the synthesis of α-globin chains (α-thal) or β-globin chains (β-thal) that compose the major adult hemoglobin (α 2β 2). It is caused by one or more mutations in the corresponding genes. The unpaired globin chains are unstable; they precipitate intracellularly, resulting in hemolysis, premature destruction of red blood cell [RBC] precursors in the bone marrow, and a short life-span of mature RBCs in the circulation. The state of anemia is treated by frequent RBC transfusions. This therapy results in the accumulation of iron (iron overload), a condition that is exacerbated by the breakdown products of hemoglobin (heme and iron) and the increased iron uptake for the chronic accelerated, but ineffective, RBC production. Iron catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in excess are toxic, causing damage to vital organs such as the heart and liver and the endocrine system. Herein, we review recent findings regarding the pathophysiology underlying the major symptoms of β-thal and potential therapeutic modalities for the amelioration of its complications, as well as new modalities that may provide a cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Chemical Approach to Biological Safety: Molecular-Level Control of an Integrated Zinc Finger Nuclease. Chembiochem 2017; 19:66-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cai L, Bai H, Mahairaki V, Gao Y, He C, Wen Y, Jin YC, Wang Y, Pan RL, Qasba A, Ye Z, Cheng L. A Universal Approach to Correct Various HBB Gene Mutations in Human Stem Cells for Gene Therapy of Beta-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:87-97. [PMID: 29164808 PMCID: PMC5746148 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common recessive genetic diseases, caused by mutations in the HBB gene. Over 200 different types of mutations in the HBB gene containing three exons have been identified in patients with β-thalassemia (β-thal) whereas a homozygous mutation in exon 1 causes sickle cell disease (SCD). Novel therapeutic strategies to permanently correct the HBB mutation in stem cells that are able to expand and differentiate into erythrocytes producing corrected HBB proteins are highly desirable. Genome editing aided by CRISPR/Cas9 and other site-specific engineered nucleases offers promise to precisely correct a genetic mutation in the native genome without alterations in other parts of the human genome. Although making a sequence-specific nuclease to enhance correction of a specific HBB mutation by homology-directed repair (HDR) is becoming straightforward, targeting various HBB mutations of β-thal is still challenging because individual guide RNA as well as a donor DNA template for HDR of each type of HBB gene mutation have to be selected and validated. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two β-thal patients with different HBB gene mutations, we devised and tested a universal strategy to achieve targeted insertion of the HBB cDNA in exon 1 of HBB gene using Cas9 and two validated guide RNAs. We observed that HBB protein production was restored in erythrocytes derived from iPSCs of two patients. This strategy of restoring functional HBB gene expression will be able to correct most types of HBB gene mutations in β-thal and SCD. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:87-97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhong Cai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hao Bai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chaoxia He
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanfei Wen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Chuan Jin
- Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - You Wang
- Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Public Health Studies, Johns Hopkins University Krieger School of Art and Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel L Pan
- Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Armaan Qasba
- Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biology, McDaniel College, Westminster, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaohui Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Gene Transfer and Immunogenicity Branch, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Stem Cell Program in the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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High Efficiency Gene Correction in Hematopoietic Cells by Donor-Template-Free CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:1-8. [PMID: 29499925 PMCID: PMC5723376 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 prokaryotic adaptive immune system and its swift repurposing for genome editing enables modification of any prespecified genomic sequence with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency, including targeted gene repair. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted repair of patient-specific point mutations in the Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain gene (CYBB), whose inactivation causes chronic granulomatous disease (XCGD)—a life-threatening immunodeficiency disorder characterized by the inability of neutrophils and macrophages to produce microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that frameshift mutations can be effectively repaired in hematopoietic cells by non-integrating lentiviral vectors carrying RNA-guided Cas9 endonucleases (RGNs). Because about 25% of most inherited blood disorders are caused by frameshift mutations, our results suggest that up to a quarter of all patients suffering from monogenic blood disorders could benefit from gene therapy employing personalized, donor template-free RGNs.
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Kuhn A, Ackermann M, Mussolino C, Cathomen T, Lachmann N, Moritz T. TALEN-mediated functional correction of human iPSC-derived macrophages in context of hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15195. [PMID: 29123113 PMCID: PMC5680188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (herPAP) constitutes a rare, life threatening lung disease characterized by the inability of alveolar macrophages to clear the alveolar airspaces from surfactant phospholipids. On a molecular level, the disorder is defined by a defect in the CSF2RA gene coding for the GM-CSF receptor alpha-chain (CD116). As therapeutic options are limited, we currently pursue a cell and gene therapy approach aiming for the intrapulmonary transplantation of gene-corrected macrophages derived from herPAP-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (herPAP-iPSC) employing transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Targeted insertion of a codon-optimized CSF2RA-cDNA driven by the hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) early enhancer/chicken beta actin (CAG) promoter into the AAVS1 locus resulted in robust expression of the CSF2RA gene in gene-edited herPAP-iPSCs as well as thereof derived macrophages. These macrophages displayed typical morphology, surface phenotype, phagocytic and secretory activity, as well as functional CSF2RA expression verified by STAT5 phosphorylation and GM-CSF uptake studies. Thus, our study provides a proof-of-concept, that TALEN-mediated integration of the CSF2RA gene into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in patient-specific iPSCs represents an efficient strategy to generate functionally corrected monocytes/macrophages, which in the future may serve as a source for an autologous cell-based gene therapy for the treatment of herPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kuhn
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.
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