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Ramírez‐Sánchez DA, Canizalez‐Román A, León‐Sicairos N, Pérez Martínez G. The anticancer activity of bovine lactoferrin is reduced by deglycosylation and it follows a different pathway in cervix and colon cancer cells. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3516-3528. [PMID: 38726451 PMCID: PMC11077203 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) is a glycosylated protein with purported beneficial properties. The aim of this work was to determine the role of bLF glycosylation in the adhesion, internalization, and growth inhibition of cancer cells. The viability of cervix (HeLa) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cells (MTT assay and epifluorescence microscopy) was inhibited by bLF, while deglycosylated bLF (bLFdeg) had no effect. Adhesion to cell surfaces was quantified by immunofluorescence assay and showed that bLF was able to bind more efficiently to both cell lines than bLFdeg. Microscopic observations indicated that bLF glycosylation favored bLF binding to epithelial cells and that it was endocytosed through caveolin-1-mediated internalization. In addition, the mechanism of action of bLF on cancer cell proliferation was investigated by determining the amount of phosphorylated intermediates of signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (known as Akt). Chemoluminescence immunoassay of phosphorylated intermediates showed that bLF inhibited Akt phosphorylation, consistent with its growth inhibiting activity. This assay also indicated that the bLF receptor/signaling pathways may be different in the two cell lines, Caco-2 and HeLa. This work confirmed the effect of glycosylated bLF in inhibiting cancer cell growth and that glycosylation is required for optimal surface adhesion, internalization, and inhibition of the ERK/Akt pathway of cell proliferation through glycosylated cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Ramírez‐Sánchez
- Programa Regional de Noroeste para el Doctorado en BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasCuliacanMexico
| | - Adrián Canizalez‐Román
- Unidad de Investigación, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Autónoma de SinaloaCuliacanMexico
- Servicios de Salud de SinaloaHospital de la MujerCuliacanMexico
| | - Nidia León‐Sicairos
- Unidad de Investigación, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Autónoma de SinaloaCuliacanMexico
- Servicios de Salud de Sinaloa, Departamento de Investigación del Hospital Pediátrico de SinaloaCuliacanMexico
| | - Gaspar Pérez Martínez
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de AlimentosPaternaSpain
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2
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Larrea‐Sebal A, Sasiain I, Jebari‐Benslaiman S, Galicia‐Garcia U, Uribe KB, Benito‐Vicente A, Gracia‐Rubio I, Bediaga‐Bañeres H, Arrasate S, Cenarro A, Civeira F, González‐Díaz H, Martín C. OptiMo-LDLr: An Integrated In Silico Model with Enhanced Predictive Power for LDL Receptor Variants, Unraveling Hot Spot Pathogenic Residues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305177. [PMID: 38258479 PMCID: PMC10987110 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited metabolic disease affecting cholesterol metabolism, with 90% of cases caused by mutations in the LDL receptor gene (LDLR), primarily missense mutations. This study aims to integrate six commonly used predictive software to create a new model for predicting LDLR mutation pathogenicity and mapping hot spot residues. Six predictive-software are selected: Polyphen-2, SIFT, MutationTaster, REVEL, VARITY, and MLb-LDLr. Software accuracy is tested with the characterized variants annotated in ClinVar and, by bioinformatic and machine learning techniques all models are integrated into a more accurate one. The resulting optimized model presents a specificity of 96.71% and a sensitivity of 98.36%. Hot spot residues with high potential of pathogenicity appear across all domains except for the signal peptide and the O-linked domain. In addition, translating this information into 3D structure of the LDLr highlights potentially pathogenic clusters within the different domains, which may be related to specific biological function. The results of this work provide a powerful tool to classify LDLR pathogenic variants. Moreover, an open-access guide user interface (OptiMo-LDLr) is provided to the scientific community. This study shows that combination of several predictive software results in a more accurate prediction to help clinicians in FH diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Larrea‐Sebal
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC)Barrio Sarriena s/n.LeioaBizkaia48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHULeioaBizkaia48940Spain
- Fundación Biofisika BizkaiaBarrio Sarriena s/n.LeioaBizkaia48940Spain
| | - Iñaki Sasiain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHULeioaBizkaia48940Spain
| | - Shifa Jebari‐Benslaiman
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC)Barrio Sarriena s/n.LeioaBizkaia48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHULeioaBizkaia48940Spain
| | - Unai Galicia‐Garcia
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC)Barrio Sarriena s/n.LeioaBizkaia48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHULeioaBizkaia48940Spain
| | - Kepa B. Uribe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHULeioaBizkaia48940Spain
| | - Asier Benito‐Vicente
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC)Barrio Sarriena s/n.LeioaBizkaia48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHULeioaBizkaia48940Spain
| | - Irene Gracia‐Rubio
- Lipid Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, CIBERCVUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragoza50009Spain
| | | | - Sonia Arrasate
- Department of Organic and ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioa48940Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Lipid Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, CIBERCVUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragoza50009Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Lipid Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, CIBERCVUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragoza50009Spain
| | - Humberto González‐Díaz
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC)Barrio Sarriena s/n.LeioaBizkaia48940Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoBizkaia48013Spain
| | - Cesar Martín
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC)Barrio Sarriena s/n.LeioaBizkaia48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHULeioaBizkaia48940Spain
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3
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Teng D, Wang W, Jia W, Song J, Gong L, Zhong L, Yang J. The effects of glycosylation modifications on monocyte recruitment and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167027. [PMID: 38237743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The monocyte recruitment and foam cell formation have been intensively investigated in atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, as the study progressed, it was obvious that crucial molecules participated in the monocyte recruitment and the membrane proteins in macrophages exhibited substantial glycosylation modifications. These modifications can exert a significant influence on protein functions and may even impact the overall progression of diseases. This article provides a review of the effects of glycosylation modifications on monocyte recruitment and foam cell formation. By elaborating on these effects, we aim to understand the underlying mechanisms of atherogenesis further and to provide new insights into the future treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikai Song
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Aldworth H, Hooper NM. Post-translational regulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor provides new targets for cholesterol regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:431-440. [PMID: 38329179 PMCID: PMC10903450 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The amount of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on the surface of hepatocytes is the primary determinant of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level. Although the synthesis and cellular trafficking of the LDLR have been well-documented, there is growing evidence of additional post-translational mechanisms that regulate or fine tune the surface availability of the LDLR, thus modulating its ability to bind and internalise LDL-cholesterol. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 both independently interact with the LDLR and direct it towards the lysosome for degradation. While ubiquitination by the E3 ligase inducible degrader of the LDLR also targets the receptor for lysosomal degradation, ubiquitination of the LDLR by a different E3 ligase, RNF130, redistributes the receptor away from the plasma membrane. The activity of the LDLR is also regulated by proteolysis. Proteolytic cleavage of the transmembrane region of the LDLR by γ-secretase destabilises the receptor, directing it to the lysosome for degradation. Shedding of the extracellular domain of the receptor by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease and cleavage of the receptor in its LDL-binding domain by bone morphogenetic protein-1 reduces the ability of the LDLR to bind and internalise LDL-cholesterol at the cell surface. A better understanding of how the activity of the LDLR is regulated will not only unravel the complex biological mechanisms controlling LDL-cholesterol metabolism but also could help inform the development of alternative pharmacological intervention strategies for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Aldworth
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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5
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Ballard CJ, Paserba MR, Paul Daniel EJ, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Gerken TA. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) isozyme surface charge governs charge substrate preferences to modulate mucin type O-glycosylation. Glycobiology 2023; 33:817-836. [PMID: 37555669 PMCID: PMC10629720 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A large family of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiate mucin type O-glycosylation transferring α-GalNAc from a UDP-GalNAc donor to the hydroxyl groups of Ser and Thr residues of peptides and proteins, thereby defining sites of O-glycosylation. Mutations and differential expression of several GalNAc-Ts are associated with many disease states including cancers. The mechanisms by which these isozymes choose their targets and their roles in disease are not fully understood. We previously showed that the GalNAc-Ts possess common and unique specificities for acceptor type, peptide sequence and prior neighboring, and/or remote substrate GalNAc glycosylation. In the present study, the role of flanking charged residues was investigated using a library of charged peptide substrates containing the central -YAVTPGP- acceptor sequence. Eleven human and one bird GalNAc-T were initially characterized revealing a range of preferences for net positive, net negative, or unique combinations of flanking N- and/or C-terminal charge, correlating to each isozyme's different electrostatic surface potential. It was further found that isoforms with high sequence identity (>70%) within a subfamily can possess vastly different charge specificities. Enzyme kinetics, activities obtained at elevated ionic strength, and molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the GalNAc-Ts differently recognize substrate charge outside the common +/-3 residue binding site. These electrostatic interactions impact how charged peptide substrates bind/orient on the transferase surface, thus modulating their activities. In summary, we show the GalNAc-Ts utilize more extended surfaces than initially thought for binding substrates based on electrostatic, and likely other hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions, furthering our understanding of how these transferases select their target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Ballard
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Miya R Paserba
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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6
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Gao DL, Johal MS. LRP-1 Binds Fibrinogen in a Sialylation-Dependent Manner: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10375-10382. [PMID: 37459110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Atherosclerosis, the dominant condition leading to CVD, is characterized by fibrofatty plaque formation. Fibrinogen, an important clotting factor, has been known to promote atherogenesis as it retains the ability to trigger smooth muscle cell proliferation, localize in areas crucial to plaque progression, and bind both platelets and leukocytes. Yet, these consequences can be suppressed through anti-inflammatory receptors like LRP-1─an endocytic receptor part of the LDLR family responsible for the endocytosis of cell debris and protein degradation products. However, the continual progression of atherosclerosis in many patients indicates that such clearance mechanisms, deemed efferocytosis, are impaired during atherosclerosis. Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) as a platform to investigate receptor-ligand interactions, we identify fibrinogen to be a ligand of LRP-1 and characterize its binding with LRP-1. By examining a key player in atherosclerosis development─the effect of sialidase on receptor efficacy─we found that the desialylation of LRP-1 reduces its ability to bind fibrinogen. Protein docking simulations highlighted the N-terminus portion of fibrinogen's α domain as the LRP-1 docking site. The sialylated O-linked glycans at T894 and T935 have the potential to mediate direct binding of LRP-1 to fibrinogen and support the tertiary structure of LRP-1. These phenomena are important in showing a probable cause of defective efferocytosis that occurs readily during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 N College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 United States
| | - Malkiat S Johal
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 N College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 United States
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7
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Sørensen DM, Büll C, Madsen TD, Lira-Navarrete E, Clausen TM, Clark AE, Garretson AF, Karlsson R, Pijnenborg JFA, Yin X, Miller RL, Chanda SK, Boltje TJ, Schjoldager KT, Vakhrushev SY, Halim A, Esko JD, Carlin AF, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Weigert R, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Identification of global inhibitors of cellular glycosylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:948. [PMID: 36804936 PMCID: PMC9941569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of glycosylation enzymes are valuable tools for dissecting glycan functions and potential drug candidates. Screening for inhibitors of glycosyltransferases are mainly performed by in vitro enzyme assays with difficulties moving candidates to cells and animals. Here, we circumvent this by employing a cell-based screening assay using glycoengineered cells expressing tailored reporter glycoproteins. We focused on GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and selected the GalNAc-T11 isoenzyme that selectively glycosylates endocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related proteins as targets. Our screen of a limited small molecule compound library did not identify selective inhibitors of GalNAc-T11, however, we identify two compounds that broadly inhibited Golgi-localized glycosylation processes. These compounds mediate the reversible fragmentation of the Golgi system without affecting secretion. We demonstrate how these inhibitors can be used to manipulate glycosylation in cells to induce expression of truncated O-glycans and augment binding of cancer-specific Tn-glycoprotein antibodies and to inhibit expression of heparan sulfate and binding and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Madriz Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Thomas Mandel Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan F A Pijnenborg
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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"Glyco-sulfo barcodes" regulate chemokine receptor function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:55. [PMID: 36729338 PMCID: PMC9894980 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine ligands and receptors regulate the directional migration of leukocytes. Post-translational modifications of chemokine receptors including O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation have been reported to regulate ligand binding and resulting signaling. Through in silico analyses, we determined potential conserved O-glycosylation and sulfation sites on human and murine CC chemokine receptors. Glyco-engineered CHO cell lines were used to measure the impact of O-glycosylation on CC chemokine receptor CCR5, while mutation of tyrosine residues and treatment with sodium chlorate were performed to determine the effect of tyrosine sulfation. Changing the glycosylation or tyrosine sulfation on CCR5 reduced the receptor signaling by the more positively charged CCL5 and CCL8 more profoundly compared to the less charged CCL3. The loss of negatively charged sialic acids resulted only in a minor effect on CCL3-induced signal transduction. The enzymes GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T11 were shown to be involved in the process of chemokine receptor O-glycosylation. These results indicate that O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation are involved in the fine-tuning and recognition of chemokine interactions with CCR5 and the resulting signaling.
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9
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Nielsen MI, de Haan N, Kightlinger W, Ye Z, Dabelsteen S, Li M, Jewett MC, Bagdonaite I, Vakhrushev SY, Wandall HH. Global mapping of GalNAc-T isoform-specificities and O-glycosylation site-occupancy in a tissue-forming human cell line. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6257. [PMID: 36270990 PMCID: PMC9587226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type-O-glycosylation on proteins is integrally involved in human health and disease and is coordinated by an enzyme family of 20 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). Detailed knowledge on the biological effects of site-specific O-glycosylation is limited due to lack of information on specific glycosylation enzyme activities and O-glycosylation site-occupancies. Here we present a systematic analysis of the isoform-specific targets of all GalNAc-Ts expressed within a tissue-forming human skin cell line, and demonstrate biologically significant effects of O-glycan initiation on epithelial formation. We find over 300 unique glycosylation sites across a diverse set of proteins specifically regulated by one of the GalNAc-T isoforms, consistent with their impact on the tissue phenotypes. Notably, we discover a high variability in the O-glycosylation site-occupancy of 70 glycosylated regions of secreted proteins. These findings revisit the relevance of individual O-glycosylation sites in the proteome, and provide an approach to establish which sites drive biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias I. Nielsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noortje de Haan
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Weston Kightlinger
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Zilu Ye
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Minyan Li
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H. Wandall
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Thirty-Five-Year History of Desialylated Lipoproteins Discovered by Vladimir Tertov. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051174. [PMID: 35625910 PMCID: PMC9138341 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. The atherogenicity phenomenon cannot be separated from the role of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in atherosclerosis development. Among the multiple modifications of LDL, desialylation deserves to be discussed separately, since its atherogenic effects and contribution to atherogenicity are often underestimated or, simply, forgotten. Vladimir Tertov is linked to the origin of the research related to desialylated lipoproteins, including the association of modified LDL with atherogenicity, autoimmune nature of atherosclerosis, and discovery of sialidase activity in blood plasma. The review will briefly discuss all the above-mentioned information, with a description of the current situation in the research.
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11
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Awan Z, Al-Rayes N, Khan Z, Al Mansouri M, Ibrahim H. Bima A, Almukadi H, Ibrahim Kutbi H, Jayasheela Shetty P, Ahmad Shaik N, Banaganapalli B. Identifying Significant Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using Integrated Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3287-3299. [PMID: 35844366 PMCID: PMC9280244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic lipid disorder which promotes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Owing to the lack of sufficient published information, this study aims to identify the potential genetic biomarkers for FH by studying the global gene expression profile of blood cells. The microarray expression data of FH patients and controls was analyzed by different computational biology methods like differential expression analysis, protein network mapping, hub gene identification, functional enrichment of biological pathways, and immune cell restriction analysis. Our results showed the dysregulated expression of 115 genes connected to lipid homeostasis, immune responses, cell adhesion molecules, canonical Wnt signaling, mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways in FH patients. The findings from expanded protein interaction network construction with known FH genes and subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) annotations have also supported the above findings, in addition to identifying the involvement of dysregulated thyroid hormone and ErbB signaling pathways in FH patients. The genes like CSNK1A1, JAK3, PLCG2, RALA, and ZEB2 were found to be enriched under all GO annotation categories. The subsequent phenotype ontology results have revealed JAK3I, PLCG2, and ZEB2 as key hub genes contributing to the inflammation underlying cardiovascular and immune response related phenotypes. Immune cell restriction findings show that above three genes are highly expressed by T-follicular helper CD4+ T cells, naïve B cells, and monocytes, respectively. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis to understand the role of immune dysregulations underlying the atherosclerosis among FH patients but may also pave the way to develop genomic medicine for cardiovascular diseases.
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12
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Susan-Resiga D, Girard E, Essalmani R, Roubtsova A, Marcinkiewicz J, Derbali RM, Evagelidis A, Byun JH, Lebeau PF, Austin RC, Seidah NG. Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a novel PCSK9-independent ligand of liver LDLR cleaved by furin. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101177. [PMID: 34508778 PMCID: PMC8479480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic carbohydrate-recognizing asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR1) mediates the endocytosis/lysosomal degradation of desialylated glycoproteins following binding to terminal galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine. Human heterozygote carriers of ASGR1 deletions exhibit ∼34% lower risk of coronary artery disease and ∼10% to 14% reduction of non-HDL cholesterol. Since the proprotein convertase PCSK9 is a major degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), we investigated the degradation and functionality of LDLR and/or PCSK9 by endogenous/overexpressed ASGR1 using Western blot and immunofluorescence in HepG2-naïve and HepG2-PCSK9-knockout cells. ASGR1, like PCSK9, targets LDLR, and both independently interact with/enhance the degradation of the receptor. This lack of cooperativity between PCSK9 and ASGR1 was confirmed in livers of wildtype (WT) and Pcsk9−/− mice. ASGR1 knockdown in HepG2-naïve cells significantly increased total (∼1.2-fold) and cell-surface (∼4-fold) LDLR protein. In HepG2-PCSK9-knockout cells, ASGR1 silencing led to ∼2-fold higher levels of LDLR protein and DiI (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate)-LDL uptake associated with ∼9-fold increased cell-surface LDLR. Overexpression of WT-ASGR1/2 primarily reduced levels of immature non-O-glycosylated LDLR (∼110 kDa), whereas the triple Ala-mutant of Gln240/Trp244/Glu253 (characterized by loss of carbohydrate binding) reduced expression of the mature form of LDLR (∼150 kDa), suggesting that ASGR1 binds the LDLR in both a sugar-dependent and -independent fashion. The protease furin cleaves ASGR1 at the RKMK103↓ motif into a secreted form, likely resulting in a loss of function on LDLR. Altogether, we demonstrate that LDLR is the first example of a liver-receptor ligand of ASGR1. We conclude that silencing of ASGR1 and PCSK9 may lead to higher LDL uptake by hepatocytes, thereby providing a novel approach to further reduce LDL cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Susan-Resiga
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Roubtsova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jadwiga Marcinkiewicz
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rabeb M Derbali
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Evagelidis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jae H Byun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Wandall HH, Nielsen MAI, King-Smith S, de Haan N, Bagdonaite I. Global functions of O-glycosylation: promises and challenges in O-glycobiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7183-7212. [PMID: 34346177 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin type O-glycosylation is one of the most diverse types of glycosylation, playing essential roles in tissue development and homeostasis. In complex organisms, O-GalNAc glycans comprise a substantial proportion of the glycocalyx, with defined functions in hemostatic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Furthermore, O-GalNAc glycans are important players in host-microbe interactions, and changes in O-glycan composition are associated with certain diseases and metabolic conditions, which in some instances can be used for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Breakthroughs in O-glycobiology have gone hand in hand with the development of new technologies, such as advancements in mass spectrometry, as well as facilitation of genetic engineering in mammalian cell lines. High-throughput O-glycoproteomics have enabled us to draw a comprehensive map of O-glycosylation, and mining this information has supported the definition and confirmation of functions related to site-specific O-glycans. This includes protection from proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of binding affinity or receptor function. Yet, there is still much to discover, and among the important next challenges will be to define the context-dependent functions of O-glycans in different stages of cellular differentiation, cellular metabolism, host-microbiome interactions, and in disease. In this review, we present the achievements and the promises in O-GalNAc glycobiology driven by technological advances in analytical methods, genetic engineering, and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias A I Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah King-Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Kim M, Bezprozvanny I. Differences in Recycling of Apolipoprotein E3 and E4-LDL Receptor Complexes-A Mechanistic Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5030. [PMID: 34068576 PMCID: PMC8126166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein that plays an important role in the transport of fatty acids and cholesterol and in cellular signaling. On the surface of the cells, ApoE lipoparticles bind to low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) that mediate the uptake of the lipids and downstream signaling events. There are three alleles of the human ApoE gene. Presence of ApoE4 allele is a major risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders late in life, but the mechanisms responsible for biological differences between different ApoE isoforms are not well understood. We here propose that the differences between ApoE isoforms can be explained by differences in the pH-dependence of the association between ApoE3 and ApoE4 isoforms and LDL-A repeats of LDLR. As a result, the following endocytosis ApoE3-associated LDLRs are recycled back to the plasma membrane but ApoE4-containing LDLR complexes are trapped in late endosomes and targeted for degradation. The proposed mechanism is predicted to lead to a reduction in steady-state surface levels of LDLRs and impaired cellular signaling in ApoE4-expressing cells. We hope that this proposal will stimulate experimental research in this direction that allows the testing of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meewhi Kim
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Mucin-Type O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:25-60. [PMID: 34495529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type GalNAc O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant and unique post-translational modifications. The combination of proteome-wide mapping of GalNAc O-glycosylation sites and genetic studies with knockout animals and genome-wide analyses in humans have been instrumental in our understanding of GalNAc O-glycosylation. Combined, such studies have revealed well-defined functions of O-glycans at single sites in proteins, including the regulation of pro-protein processing and proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of receptor functions and ligand binding. In addition to isolated O-glycans, multiple clustered O-glycans have an important function in mammalian biology by providing structural support and stability of mucins essential for protecting our inner epithelial surfaces, especially in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. Here the many O-glycans also provide binding sites for both endogenous and pathogen-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins regulating critical developmental programs and helping maintain epithelial homeostasis with commensal organisms. Finally, O-glycan changes have been identified in several diseases, most notably in cancer and inflammation, where the disease-specific changes can be used for glycan-targeted therapies. This chapter will review the biosynthesis, the biology, and the translational perspectives of GalNAc O-glycans.
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16
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Akasaka-Manya K, Manya H. The Role of APP O-Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111569. [PMID: 33218200 PMCID: PMC7699271 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people with dementia is increasing rapidly due to the increase in the aging population. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative dementia caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins. Genetic mutations, smoking, and several other factors have been reported as causes of AD, but alterations in glycans have recently been demonstrated to play a role in AD. Amyloid-β (Aβ), a cleaved fragment of APP, is the source of senile plaque, a pathological feature of AD. APP has been reported to undergo N- and O-glycosylation, and several Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) have been shown to have catalytic activity for the transfer of GalNAc to APP. Since O-glycosylation in the proximity of a cleavage site in many proteins has been reported to be involved in protein processing, O-glycans may affect the cleavage of APP during the Aβ production process. In this report, we describe new findings on the O-glycosylation of APP and Aβ production.
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17
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Pirillo A, Svecla M, Catapano AL, Holleboom AG, Norata GD. Impact of protein glycosylation on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1033-1045. [PMID: 32886765 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification consisting in the enzymatic attachment of carbohydrate chains to specific residues of the protein sequence. Several types of glycosylation have been described, with N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation being the most common types impacting on crucial biological processes, such as protein synthesis, trafficking, localization, and function. Genetic defects in genes involved in protein glycosylation may result in altered production and activity of several proteins, with a broad range of clinical manifestations, including dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. A large number of apolipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors, and other proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism are glycosylated, and alterations in their glycosylation profile are associated with changes in their expression and/or function. Rare genetic diseases and population genetics have provided additional information linking protein glycosylation to the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, via M. Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS MultiMedica, via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, via M. Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
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18
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Madsen TD, Hansen LH, Hintze J, Ye Z, Jebari S, Andersen DB, Joshi HJ, Ju T, Goetze JP, Martin C, Rosenkilde MM, Holst JJ, Kuhre RE, Goth CK, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT. An atlas of O-linked glycosylation on peptide hormones reveals diverse biological roles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4033. [PMID: 32820167 PMCID: PMC7441158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones and neuropeptides encompass a large class of bioactive peptides that regulate physiological processes like anxiety, blood glucose, appetite, inflammation and blood pressure. Here, we execute a focused discovery strategy to provide an extensive map of O-glycans on peptide hormones. We find that almost one third of the 279 classified peptide hormones carry O-glycans. Many of the identified O-glycosites are conserved and are predicted to serve roles in proprotein processing, receptor interaction, biodistribution and biostability. We demonstrate that O-glycans positioned within the receptor binding motifs of members of the neuropeptide Y and glucagon families modulate receptor activation properties and substantially extend peptide half-lives. Our study highlights the importance of O-glycosylation in the biology of peptide hormones, and our map of O-glycosites in this large class of biomolecules serves as a discovery platform for an important class of molecules with potential opportunities for drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lasse H Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - John Hintze
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Shifa Jebari
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, 48080, Spain
| | - Daniel B Andersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cesar Martin
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rune E Kuhre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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19
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Observing the nonvectorial yet cotranslational folding of a multidomain protein, LDL receptor, in the ER of mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16401-16408. [PMID: 32601215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004606117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins have evolved by incorporating several structural units within a single polypeptide. As a result, multidomain proteins constitute a large fraction of all proteomes. Their domains often fold to their native structures individually and vectorially as each domain emerges from the ribosome or the protein translocation channel, leading to the decreased risk of interdomain misfolding. However, some multidomain proteins fold in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) nonvectorially via intermediates with nonnative disulfide bonds, which were believed to be shuffled to native ones slowly after synthesis. Yet, the mechanism by which they fold nonvectorially remains unclear. Using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and a conformation-specific antibody that recognizes a correctly folded domain, we show here that shuffling of nonnative disulfide bonds to native ones in the most N-terminal region of LDL receptor (LDLR) started at a specific timing during synthesis. Deletion analysis identified a region on LDLR that assisted with disulfide shuffling in the upstream domain, thereby promoting its cotranslational folding. Thus, a plasma membrane-bound multidomain protein has evolved a sequence that promotes the nonvectorial folding of its upstream domains. These findings demonstrate that nonvectorial folding of a multidomain protein in the ER of mammalian cells is more coordinated and elaborated than previously thought. Thus, our findings alter our current view of how a multidomain protein folds nonvectorially in the ER of living cells.
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20
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Galnt11 regulates kidney function by glycosylating the endocytosis receptor megalin to modulate ligand binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25196-25202. [PMID: 31740596 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909573116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 20 million Americans and ∼10% of the population worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of kidney functional decline have identified genes associated with CKD, but the precise mechanisms by which they influence kidney function remained largely unexplored. Here, we examine the role of 1 GWAS-identified gene by creating mice deficient for Galnt11, which encodes a member of the enzyme family that initiates protein O-glycosylation, an essential posttranslational modification known to influence protein function and stability. We find that Galnt11-deficient mice display low-molecular-weight proteinuria and have specific defects in proximal tubule-mediated resorption of vitamin D binding protein, α1-microglobulin, and retinol binding protein. Moreover, we identify the endocytic receptor megalin (LRP2) as a direct target of Galnt11 in vivo. Megalin in Galnt11-deficient mice displays reduced ligand binding and undergoes age-related loss within the kidney. Differential mass spectrometry revealed specific sites of Galnt11-mediated glycosylation within mouse kidney megalin/LRP2 that are known to be involved in ligand binding, suggesting that O-glycosylation directly influences the ability to bind ligands. In support of this, recombinant megalin containing these sites displayed reduced albumin binding in cells deficient for Galnt11 Our results provide insight into the association between GALNT11 and CKD, and identify a role for Galnt11 in proper kidney function.
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21
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Karthi S, Sumitha KC, Geetha M, Appukuttan PS. Amyloid β Binds to Albumin-Associated Lrp-Like Plasma O-Glycoproteins: Albumin Prevents Inhibition of Binding by LDL. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:869-878. [PMID: 37020364 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190722151027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
<P>Background: Albumin was reported to engage nearly 95% of plasma Amyloid β (Aβ)
and to reverse Aβ fibril formation in brain.
</P><P>
Objective: Since O-glycosylated LRP family of receptors capture Aβ in brain we compared Aβ
binding to electrophoretically purified albumin and to O-glycoproteins AOP1 and AOP2 that
adhere noncovalently to plasma albumin.
</P><P>
Methods: Strength of Aβ-protein interaction was measured as fluorescence increase in Fluorescentlabeled
Aβ (F-Aβ) resulting from conformational changes. Alternatively, differential segregation of
free and protein-bound Aβ in Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation (DGUC) was also examined.
</P><P>
Results: Fluorescence enhancement in F-Aβ was significantly greater by AOP1 and AOP2 than by
known Aβ reactants α -synuclein and β -cyclodextrin, but nil by albumin. In DGUC Aβ migrated
with the O-glycoproteins but not with albumin. Free O-glycoproteins unlike their albumin-bound
forms were blocked by LDL from capturing F-Aβ. Associated albumin did not affect Aβ binding of
O-glycoproteins. De-O-glycosylation of AOP1/AOP2 enhanced their Aβ binding showing that
peptide sequences at O-glycosylated regions were recognized by Aβ. Unlike albumin, AOP1 and
AOP2 were immunologically cross-reactive with LRP. Albumin sample used earlier to report
albumin-Aβ interaction contained two O-glycoproteins cross-reactive with human LRP and equal in
size to human AOP1 or AOP2.
</P><P>
Conclusion: Unlike albumin, albumin-bound O-glycoproteins, immunologically cross-reactive
with LRP, bind plasma Aβ. These O-glycoproteins are potential anti-amyloidogenic therapeutics if
they inhibit Aβ aggregation as other Aβ reactants do. Circulating immune complexes of albuminbound
O-glycoproteins with O-glycoprotein-specific natural antibodies can bind further to LRP-like
membrane proteins and are possible O-glycoprotein transporters to tissues.</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Karthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - K. C. Sumitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Mandagini Geetha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Padinjaradath S. Appukuttan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
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22
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Narimatsu Y, Joshi HJ, Schjoldager KT, Hintze J, Halim A, Steentoft C, Nason R, Mandel U, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Vakhrushev SY. Exploring Regulation of Protein O-Glycosylation in Isogenic Human HEK293 Cells by Differential O-Glycoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1396-1409. [PMID: 31040225 PMCID: PMC6601209 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most proteins trafficking the secretory pathway of metazoan cells will acquire GalNAc-type O-glycosylation. GalNAc-type O-glycosylation is differentially regulated in cells by the expression of a repertoire of up to twenty genes encoding polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoforms (GalNAc-Ts) that initiate O-glycosylation. These GalNAc-Ts orchestrate the positions and patterns of O-glycans on proteins in coordinated, but poorly understood ways - guided partly by the kinetic properties and substrate specificities of their catalytic domains, as well as by modulatory effects of their unique GalNAc-binding lectin domains. Here, we provide the hereto most comprehensive characterization of nonredundant contributions of individual GalNAc-T isoforms to the O-glycoproteome of the human HEK293 cell using quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics on a panel of isogenic HEK293 cells with knockout of GalNAc-T genes (GALNT1, T2, T3, T7, T10, or T11). We confirm that a major part of the O-glycoproteome is covered by redundancy, whereas distinct O-glycosite subsets are covered by nonredundant GalNAc-T isoform-specific functions. We demonstrate that the GalNAc-T7 and T10 isoforms function in follow-up of high-density O-glycosylated regions, and that GalNAc-T11 has highly restricted functions and essentially only serves the low-density lipoprotein-related receptors in linker regions (C6XXXTC1) between the ligand-binding repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Narimatsu
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - John Hintze
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Catharina Steentoft
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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23
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Hansen LH, Madsen TD, Goth CK, Clausen H, Chen Y, Dzhoyashvili N, Iyer SR, Sangaralingham SJ, Burnett JC, Rehfeld JF, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT, Goetze JP. Discovery of O-glycans on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) that affect both its proteolytic degradation and potency at its cognate receptor. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12567-12578. [PMID: 31186350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide hormone that in response to atrial stretch is secreted from atrial myocytes into the circulation, where it stimulates vasodilatation and natriuresis. ANP is an important biomarker of heart failure where low plasma concentrations exclude cardiac dysfunction. ANP is a member of the natriuretic peptide (NP) family, which also includes the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the C-type natriuretic peptide. The proforms of these hormones undergo processing to mature peptides, and for proBNP, this process has previously been demonstrated to be regulated by O-glycosylation. It has been suggested that proANP also may undergo post-translational modifications. Here, we conducted a targeted O-glycoproteomics approach to characterize O-glycans on NPs and demonstrate that all NP members can carry O-glycans. We identified four O-glycosites in proANP in the porcine heart, and surprisingly, two of these were located on the mature bioactive ANP itself. We found that one of these glycans is located within a conserved sequence motif of the receptor-binding region, suggesting that O-glycans may serve a function beyond intracellular processing and maturation. We also identified an O-glycoform of proANP naturally occurring in human circulation. We demonstrated that site-specific O-glycosylation shields bioactive ANP from proteolytic degradation and modifies potency at its cognate receptor in vitro Furthermore, we showed that ANP O-glycosylation attenuates acute renal and cardiovascular ANP actions in vivo The discovery of novel glycosylated ANP proteoforms reported here significantly improves our understanding of cardiac endocrinology and provides important insight into the etiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse H Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Daugbjerg Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Chen
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Nina Dzhoyashvili
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Seethalakshmi R Iyer
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - S Jeson Sangaralingham
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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de Las Rivas M, Lira-Navarrete E, Gerken TA, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Polypeptide GalNAc-Ts: from redundancy to specificity. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:87-96. [PMID: 30703750 PMCID: PMC6656595 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is predicted to occur in more than the 80% of the proteins that pass through the Golgi apparatus. This PTM is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that modify Ser and Thr residues of proteins through the addition of a GalNAc moiety. These enzymes are type II membrane proteins that consist of a Golgi luminal catalytic domain connected by a flexible linker to a ricin type lectin domain. Together, both domains account for the different glycosylation preferences observed among isoenzymes. Although it is well accepted that most of the family members share some degree of redundancy toward their protein and glycoprotein substrates, it has been recently found that several GalNAc-Ts also possess activity toward specific targets. Despite the high similarity between isoenzymes, structural differences have recently been reported that are key to understanding the molecular basis of both their redundancy and specificity. The present review focuses on the molecular aspects of the protein substrate recognition and the different glycosylation preferences of these enzymes, which in turn will serve as a roadmap to the rational design of specific modulators of mucin-type O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde de Las Rivas
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain; Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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25
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Venturini G, Malagrino PA, Padilha K, Tanaka LY, Laurindo FR, Dariolli R, Carvalho VM, Cardozo KHM, Krieger JE, Pereira ADC. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis reveals differential lipid metabolism in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under high and low shear stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C326-C338. [PMID: 31067084 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00128.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque development is closely associated with the hemodynamic forces applied to endothelial cells (ECs). Among these, shear stress (SS) plays a key role in disease development since changes in flow intensity and direction could stimulate an atheroprone or atheroprotective phenotype. ECs under low or oscillatory SS (LSS) show upregulation of inflammatory, adhesion, and cellular permeability molecules. On the contrary, cells under high or laminar SS (HSS) increase their expression of protective and anti-inflammatory factors. The mechanism behind SS regulation of an atheroprotective phenotype is not completely elucidated. Here we used proteomics and metabolomics to better understand the changes in endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) under in vitro LSS and HSS that promote an atheroprone or atheroprotective profile and how these modifications can be connected to atherosclerosis development. Our data showed that lipid metabolism, in special cholesterol metabolism, was downregulated in cells under LSS. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) showed significant alterations both at the quantitative expression level as well as regarding posttranslational modifications. Under LSS, LDLR was seen at lower concentrations and with a different glycosylation profile. Finally, modulating LDLR with atorvastatin led to the recapitulation of a HSS metabolic phenotype in EC under LSS. Altogether, our data suggest that there is significant modulation of lipid metabolism in endothelial cells under different SS intensities and that this could contribute to the atheroprone phenotype of LSS. Statin treatment was able to partially recover the protective profile of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Venturini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pamella Araujo Malagrino
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kallyandra Padilha
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Yuji Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Rafael Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Eduardo Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Klee EW, Zimmermann MT. Molecular modeling of LDLR aids interpretation of genomic variants. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:533-540. [PMID: 30778614 PMCID: PMC6440939 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Genetic variants in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) are known to cause familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), occurring in up to 1 in 200 people (Youngblom E. et al. 1993 and Nordestgaard BG et al. 34:3478–3490a, 2013) and leading to significant risk for heart disease. Clinical genomics testing using high-throughput sequencing is identifying novel genomic variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in individuals suspected of having FH, but for whom the causal link to the disease remains to be established (Nordestgaard BG et al. 34:3478–3490a, 2013). Unfortunately, experimental data about the atomic structure of the LDL binding domains of LDLR at extracellular pH does not exist. This leads to an inability to apply protein structure-based methods for assessing novel variants identified through genetic testing. Thus, the ambiguities in interpretation of LDLR variants are a barrier to achieving the expected clinical value for personalized genomics assays for management of FH. In this study, we integrated data from the literature and related cellular receptors to develop high-resolution models of full-length LDLR at extracellular conditions and use them to predict which VUS alter LDL binding. We believe that the functional effects of LDLR variants can be resolved using a combination of structural bioinformatics and functional assays, leading to a better correlation with clinical presentation. We have completed modeling of LDLR in two major physiologic conditions, generating detailed hypotheses for how each of the 1007 reported protein variants may affect function. Key messages • Hundreds of variants are observed in the LDLR, but most lack interpretation. • Molecular modeling is aided by biochemical knowledge. • We generated context-specific 3D protein models of LDLR. • Our models allowed mechanistic interpretation of many variants. • We interpreted both rare and common genomic variants in their physiologic context. • Effects of genomic variants are often context-specific. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-019-01755-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Klee
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-0509, USA.
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27
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Nakamura N, Kurosaka A. Mucin-type glycosylation as a regulatory factor of amyloid precursor protein processing. J Biochem 2019; 165:205-208. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naosuke Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kurosaka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Ma S, Sun W, Gao L, Liu S. Therapeutic targets of hypercholesterolemia: HMGCR and LDLR. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1543-1553. [PMID: 31686875 PMCID: PMC6709517 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s219013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is critical and necessary for the body's functions. Hypercholesterolemia can lead to significant clinical problems, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol receptor (LDLR) are major points of control in cholesterol homeostasis. We summarize the regulatory mechanisms of HMGCR and LDLR, which may provide insight for new drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ling GaoScientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing 5 Road, Jinan, Shandong Province250021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 531 6877 6910Email
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan250013, People’s Republic of China
- Shudong LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, 23 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province250013, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 531 8238 2351Email
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29
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Hintze J, Ye Z, Narimatsu Y, Madsen TD, Joshi HJ, Goth CK, Linstedt A, Bachert C, Mandel U, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT. Probing the contribution of individual polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoforms to the O-glycoproteome by inducible expression in isogenic cell lines. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19064-19077. [PMID: 30327431 PMCID: PMC6295722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The GalNAc-type O-glycoproteome is orchestrated by a large family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoenzymes (GalNAc-Ts) with partially overlapping contributions to the O-glycoproteome besides distinct nonredundant functions. Increasing evidence indicates that individual GalNAc-Ts co-regulate and fine-tune specific protein functions in health and disease, and deficiencies in individual GALNT genes underlie congenital diseases with distinct phenotypes. Studies of GalNAc-T specificities have mainly been performed with in vitro enzyme assays using short peptide substrates, but recently quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics of isogenic cells with and without GALNT genes has enabled a more unbiased exploration of the nonredundant contributions of individual GalNAc-Ts. Both approaches suggest that fairly small subsets of O-glycosites are nonredundantly regulated by specific GalNAc-Ts, but how these isoenzymes orchestrate regulation among competing redundant substrates is unclear. To explore this, here we developed isogenic cell model systems with Tet-On inducible expression of two GalNAc-T genes, GALNT2 and GALNT11, in a knockout background in HEK293 cells. Using quantitative O-glycoproteomics with tandem-mass-tag (TMT) labeling, we found that isoform-specific glycosites are glycosylated in a dose-dependent manner and that induction of GalNAc-T2 or -T11 produces discrete glycosylation effects without affecting the major part of the O-glycoproteome. These results support previous findings indicating that individual GalNAc-T isoenzymes can serve in fine-tuned regulation of distinct protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hintze
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Zilu Ye
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Thomas Daugbjerg Madsen
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Adam Linstedt
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Collin Bachert
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ulla Mandel
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Eric P Bennett
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
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30
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de las Rivas M, Paul Daniel EJ, Coelho H, Lira-Navarrete E, Raich L, Compañón I, Diniz A, Lagartera L, Jiménez-Barbero J, Clausen H, Rovira C, Marcelo F, Corzana F, Gerken TA, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Structural and Mechanistic Insights into the Catalytic-Domain-Mediated Short-Range Glycosylation Preferences of GalNAc-T4. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1274-1290. [PMID: 30276263 PMCID: PMC6161044 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) which are type-II transmembrane proteins that contain Golgi luminal catalytic and lectin domains that are connected by a flexible linker. Several GalNAc-Ts, including GalNAc-T4, show both long-range and short-range prior glycosylation specificity, governed by their lectin and catalytic domains, respectively. While the mechanism of the lectin-domain-dependent glycosylation is well-known, the molecular basis for the catalytic-domain-dependent glycosylation of glycopeptides is unclear. Herein, we report the crystal structure of GalNAc-T4 bound to the diglycopeptide GAT*GAGAGAGT*TPGPG (containing two α-GalNAc glycosylated Thr (T*), the PXP motif and a "naked" Thr acceptor site) that describes its catalytic domain glycopeptide GalNAc binding site. Kinetic studies of wild-type and GalNAc binding site mutant enzymes show the lectin domain GalNAc binding activity dominates over the catalytic domain GalNAc binding activity and that these activities can be independently eliminated. Surprisingly, a flexible loop protruding from the lectin domain was found essential for the optimal activity of the catalytic domain. This work provides the first structural basis for the short-range glycosylation preferences of a GalNAc-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde de las Rivas
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit,
Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Earnest James Paul Daniel
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2825-149, Portugal
- CIC
bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Departament
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science
& Technology, University of the Basque
Country, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Lluis Raich
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (secció
de Química Orgànica) & Institut de Química
Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja,
Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2825-149, Portugal
| | | | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Departament
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science
& Technology, University of the Basque
Country, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (secció
de Química Orgànica) & Institut de Química
Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2825-149, Portugal
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja,
Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Thomas A. Gerken
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit,
Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- E-mail:
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31
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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32
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Wang S, Mao Y, Narimatsu Y, Ye Z, Tian W, Goth CK, Lira-Navarrete E, Pedersen NB, Benito-Vicente A, Martin C, Uribe KB, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Christoffersen C, Seidah NG, Nielsen R, Christensen EI, Hansen L, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT, Clausen H. Site-specific O-glycosylation of members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily enhances ligand interactions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7408-7422. [PMID: 29559555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and related receptors are important for the transport of diverse biomolecules across cell membranes and barriers. Their functions are especially relevant for cholesterol homeostasis and diseases, including neurodegenerative and kidney disorders. Members of the LDLR-related protein family share LDLR class A (LA) repeats providing binding properties for lipoproteins and other biomolecules. We previously demonstrated that short linker regions between these LA repeats contain conserved O-glycan sites. Moreover, we found that O-glycan modifications at these sites are selectively controlled by the GalNAc-transferase isoform, GalNAc-T11. However, the effects of GalNAc-T11-mediated O-glycosylation on LDLR and related receptor localization and function are unknown. Here, we characterized O-glycosylation of LDLR-related proteins and identified conserved O-glycosylation sites in the LA linker regions of VLDLR, LRP1, and LRP2 (Megalin) from both cell lines and rat organs. Using a panel of gene-edited isogenic cell line models, we demonstrate that GalNAc-T11-mediated LDLR and VLDLR O-glycosylation is not required for transport and cell-surface expression and stability of these receptors but markedly enhances LDL and VLDL binding and uptake. Direct ELISA-based binding assays with truncated LDLR constructs revealed that O-glycosylation increased affinity for LDL by ∼5-fold. The molecular basis for this observation is currently unknown, but these findings open up new avenues for exploring the roles of LDLR-related proteins in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yang Mao
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nis B Pedersen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Biofisika Institute, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cesar Martin
- Biofisika Institute, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kepa B Uribe
- Biofisika Institute, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, BIFI-Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), CSIC Joint Unit, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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33
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Festari MF, Trajtenberg F, Berois N, Pantano S, Revoredo L, Kong Y, Solari-Saquieres P, Narimatsu Y, Freire T, Bay S, Robello C, Bénard J, Gerken TA, Clausen H, Osinaga E. Revisiting the human polypeptide GalNAc-T1 and T13 paralogs. Glycobiology 2017; 27:140-153. [PMID: 27913570 PMCID: PMC5224595 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) constitute a family of 20 human glycosyltransferases (comprising 9 subfamilies), which initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation. The O-glycoproteome is thought to be differentially regulated via the different substrate specificities and expression patterns of each GalNAc-T isoforms. Here, we present a comprehensive in vitro analysis of the peptide substrate specificity of GalNAc-T13, showing that it essentially overlaps with the ubiquitous expressed GalNAc-T1 isoform found in the same subfamily as T13. We have also identified and partially characterized nine splice variants of GalNAc-T13, which add further complexity to the GalNAc-T family. Two variants with changes in their lectin domains were characterized by in vitro glycosylation assays, and one (Δ39Ex9) was inactive while the second one (Ex10b) had essentially unaltered activity. We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of human neuroblastoma cell lines, normal brain and a small panel of neuroblastoma tumors to demonstrate that several splice variants (Ex10b, ΔEx9, ΔEx2-7 and ΔEx6/8-39bpEx9) were highly expressed in tumor cell lines compared with normal brain, although the functional implications remain to be unveiled. In summary, the GalNAc-T13 isoform is predicted to function similarly to GalNAc-T1 against peptide substrates in vivo, in contrast to a prior report, but is unique by being selectively expressed in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Festari
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Glycobiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020 (C.P. 11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125 (C.P. 11800), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Nora Berois
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Glycobiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020 (C.P. 11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Pantano
- Grupo de Simulaciones Biomoleculares, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020 (C.P. 11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leslie Revoredo
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yun Kong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Patricia Solari-Saquieres
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Glycobiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020 (C.P. 11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Teresa Freire
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125 (C.P. 11800), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sylvie Bay
- Unité de Chimie de Biomoleculares, CNRS UMR 3523 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020 (C.P. 11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125 (C.P. 11800), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jean Bénard
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, and Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Glycobiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020 (C.P. 11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125 (C.P. 11800), Montevideo, Uruguay
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34
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Susan-Resiga D, Girard E, Kiss RS, Essalmani R, Hamelin J, Asselin MC, Awan Z, Butkinaree C, Fleury A, Soldera A, Dory YL, Baass A, Seidah NG. The Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9-resistant R410S Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Mutation: A NOVEL MECHANISM CAUSING FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1573-1590. [PMID: 27998977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by severely elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Herein, we identified an FH patient presenting novel compound heterozygote mutations R410S and G592E of the LDL receptor (LDLR). The patient responded modestly to maximum rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe therapy, even in combination with a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody injection. Using cell biology and molecular dynamics simulations, we aimed to define the underlying mechanism(s) by which these LDLR mutations affect LDL metabolism and lead to hypercholesterolemia. Our data showed that the LDLR-G592E is a class 2b mutant, because it mostly failed to exit the endoplasmic reticulum and was degraded. Even though LDLR-R410S and LDLR-WT were similar in levels of cell surface and total receptor and bound equally well to LDL or extracellular PCSK9, the LDLR-R410S was resistant to exogenous PCSK9-mediated degradation in endosomes/lysosomes and showed reduced LDL internalization and degradation relative to LDLR-WT. Evidence is provided for a tighter association of LDL with LDLR-R410S at acidic pH, a reduced LDL delivery to late endosomes/lysosomes, and an increased release in the medium of the bound/internalized LDL, as compared with LDLR-WT. These data suggested that LDLR-R410S recycles loaded with its LDL-cargo. Our findings demonstrate that LDLR-R410S represents an LDLR loss-of-function through a novel class 8 FH-causing mechanism, thereby rationalizing the observed phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Susan-Resiga
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Robert Scott Kiss
- the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Josée Hamelin
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Zuhier Awan
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Chutikarn Butkinaree
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Fleury
- the Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Armand Soldera
- the Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Yves L Dory
- the Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexis Baass
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis Clinic, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, affiliated with University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.
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35
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Abstract
Chemical tools have accelerated progress in glycoscience, reducing experimental barriers to studying protein glycosylation, the most widespread and complex form of posttranslational modification. For example, chemical glycoproteomics technologies have enabled the identification of specific glycosylation sites and glycan structures that modulate protein function in a number of biological processes. This field is now entering a stage of logarithmic growth, during which chemical innovations combined with mass spectrometry advances could make it possible to fully characterize the human glycoproteome. In this review, we describe the important role that chemical glycoproteomics methods are playing in such efforts. We summarize developments in four key areas: enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides from complex mixtures, emphasizing methods that exploit unique chemical properties of glycans or introduce unnatural functional groups through metabolic labeling and chemoenzymatic tagging; identification of sites of protein glycosylation; targeted glycoproteomics; and functional glycoproteomics, with a focus on probing interactions between glycoproteins and glycan-binding proteins. Our goal with this survey is to provide a foundation on which continued technological advancements can be made to promote further explorations of protein glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan K. Palaniappan
- Verily Life Sciences, 269 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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36
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Weider E, Susan-Resiga D, Essalmani R, Hamelin J, Asselin MC, Nimesh S, Ashraf Y, Wycoff KL, Zhang J, Prat A, Seidah NG. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Single Domain Antibodies Are Potent Inhibitors of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Degradation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16659-71. [PMID: 27284008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) correspond to the antigen-binding domains of camelid antibodies. They have the same antigen-binding properties and specificity as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) but are easier and cheaper to produce. We report here the development of sdAbs targeting human PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) as an alternative to anti-PCSK9 mAbs. After immunizing a llama with human PCSK9, we selected four sdAbs that bind PCSK9 with a high affinity and produced them as fusion proteins with a mouse Fc. All four sdAb-Fcs recognize the C-terminal Cys-His-rich domain of PCSK9. We performed multiple cellular assays and demonstrated that the selected sdAbs efficiently blocked PCSK9-mediated low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation in cell lines, in human hepatocytes, and in mouse primary hepatocytes. We further showed that the sdAb-Fcs do not affect binding of PCSK9 to the LDLR but rather block its induced cellular LDLR degradation. Pcsk9 knock-out mice expressing a human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgene were generated, resulting in plasma levels of ∼300 ng/ml human PCSK9. Mice were singly or doubly injected with the best sdAb-Fc and analyzed at day 4 or 11, respectively. After 4 days, mice exhibited a 32 and 44% decrease in the levels of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B and ∼1.8-fold higher liver LDLR protein levels. At 11 days, the equivalent values were 24 and 46% and ∼2.3-fold higher LDLR proteins. These data constitute a proof-of-principle for the future usage of sdAbs as PCSK9-targeting drugs that can efficiently reduce LDL-cholesterol, and as tools to study the Cys-His-rich domain-dependent sorting the PCSK9-LDLR complex to lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Weider
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Josée Hamelin
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yahya Ashraf
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Keith L Wycoff
- Planet Biotechnology Inc., Hayward, California 94545-2740, and
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- the Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Annik Prat
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada,
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37
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Schjoldager KT, Joshi HJ, Kong Y, Goth CK, King SL, Wandall HH, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H. Deconstruction of O-glycosylation--GalNAc-T isoforms direct distinct subsets of the O-glycoproteome. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1713-22. [PMID: 26566661 PMCID: PMC4693523 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GalNAc-type O-glycosylation is found on most proteins trafficking through the secretory pathway in metazoan cells. The O-glycoproteome is regulated by up to 20 polypeptide GalNAc-Ts and the contributions and biological functions of individual GalNAc-Ts are poorly understood. Here, we used a zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-directed knockout strategy to probe the contributions of the major GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T2) in liver cells and explore how the GalNAc-T repertoire quantitatively affects the O-glycoproteome. We demonstrate that the majority of the O-glycoproteome is covered by redundancy, whereas distinct subsets of substrates are modified by non-redundant functions of GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T2. The non-redundant O-glycoproteome subsets and specific transcriptional responses for each isoform are related to different cellular processes; for the GalNAc-T2 isoform, these support a role in lipid metabolism. The results demonstrate that GalNAc-Ts have different non-redundant glycosylation functions, which may affect distinct cellular processes. The data serves as a comprehensive resource for unique GalNAc-T substrates. Our study provides a new view of the differential regulation of the O-glycoproteome, suggesting that the plurality of GalNAc-Ts arose to regulate distinct protein functions and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yun Kong
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sarah Louise King
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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38
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Revoredo L, Wang S, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Moremen KW, Jarvis DL, Ten Hagen KG, Tabak LA, Gerken TA. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is controlled by short- and long-range glycopeptide substrate recognition that varies among members of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase family. Glycobiology 2015; 26:360-76. [PMID: 26610890 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) initiates and defines sites of mucin-type Ser/Thr-O-GalNAc glycosylation. Family members have been classified into peptide- and glycopeptide-preferring subfamilies, although both families possess variable activities against glycopeptide substrates. All but one isoform contains a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding lectin domain whose roles in modulating glycopeptide specificity is just being understood. We have previously shown for several peptide-preferring isoforms that the presence of a remote Thr-O-GalNAc, 6-17 residues from a Ser/Thr acceptor site, may enhance overall catalytic activity in an N- or C-terminal direction. This enhancement varies with isoform and is attributed to Thr-O-GalNAc interactions at the lectin domain. We now report on the glycopeptide substrate utilization of a series of glycopeptide (human-ppGalNAc-T4, T7, T10, T12 and fly PGANT7) and peptide-preferring transferases (T2, T3 and T5) by exploiting a series of random glycopeptide substrates designed to probe the functions of their catalytic and lectin domains. Glycosylation was observed at the -3, -1 and +1 residues relative to a neighboring Thr-O-GalNAc, depending on isoform, which we attribute to specific Thr-O-GalNAc binding at the catalytic domain. Additionally, these glycopeptide-preferring isoforms show remote lectin domain-assisted Thr-O-GalNAc enhancements that vary from modest to none. We conclude that the glycopeptide specificity of the glycopeptide-preferring isoforms predominantly resides in their catalytic domain but may be further modulated by remote lectin domain interactions. These studies further demonstrate that both domains of the ppGalNAc-Ts have specialized and unique functions that work in concert to control and order mucin-type O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Donald L Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, Department of Health and Human Services, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Chemistry Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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39
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Mabashi-Asazuma H, Kuo CW, Khoo KH, Jarvis DL. Modifying an Insect Cell N-Glycan Processing Pathway Using CRISPR-Cas Technology. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2199-208. [PMID: 26241388 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fused lobes (FDL) is an enzyme that simultaneously catalyzes a key trimming reaction and antagonizes elongation reactions in the insect N-glycan processing pathway. Accordingly, FDL function accounts, at least in part, for major differences in the N-glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins produced by insect and mammalian cells. In this study, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit the fdl gene in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. CRISPR-Cas9 editing produced a high frequency of site-specific nucleotide insertions and deletions, reduced the production of insect-type, paucimannosidic products (Man3GlcNAc2), and led to the production of partially elongated, mammalian-type complex N-glycans (GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2) in S2 cells. As CRISPR-Cas9 has not been widely used to analyze or modify protein glycosylation pathways or edit insect cell genes, these results underscore its broad utility as a tool for these purposes. Our results also confirm the key role of FDL at the major branch point distinguishing insect and mammalian N-glycan processing pathways. Finally, the new FDL-deficient S2 cell derivative produced in this study will enable future bottom-up glycoengineering efforts designed to isolate insect cell lines that can efficiently produce recombinant glycoproteins with chemically predefined oligosaccharide side-chain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Mabashi-Asazuma
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica 128 Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica 128 Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Donald L. Jarvis
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
- GlycoBac,
LLC, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, United States
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40
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Voglmeir J, Laurent N, Flitsch SL, Oelgeschläger M, Wilson IBH. Biological and biochemical properties of two Xenopus laevis N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases with contrasting roles in embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 180:40-7. [PMID: 25447273 PMCID: PMC4291152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of mucin-type O-linked glycans in animals is initiated by members of the large family of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts), which play important roles in embryogenesis, organogenesis, adult tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Until now, the mammalian forms of these enzymes have been the best characterized. However, two N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (xGalNAc-T6 and xGalNAc-T16) from the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), which are most homologous to those encoded by the human GALNT6 and GALNT16 (GALNTL1) genes, were shown to have contrasting roles in TGF-β/BMP signaling in embryogenesis. In this study we have examined these two enzymes further and show differences in their in vivo function during X. laevis embyrogenesis as evidenced by in situ hybridization and overexpression experiments. In terms of enzymatic activity, both enzymes were found to be active towards the EA2 peptide, but display differential activity towards a peptide based on the sequence of ActR-IIB, a receptor relevant to TGF-β/BMP signaling. In summary, these data demonstrate that these two enzymes from different branches of the N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase do not only display differential substrate specificities, but also specific and distinct expression pattern and biological activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Voglmeir
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria; Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Nicolas Laurent
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria.
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41
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Kong Y, Joshi HJ, Schjoldager KTBG, Madsen TD, Gerken TA, Vester-Christensen MB, Wandall HH, Bennett EP, Levery SB, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H. Probing polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoform substrate specificities by in vitro analysis. Glycobiology 2015; 25:55-65. [PMID: 25155433 PMCID: PMC4245906 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc)-type (mucin-type) O-glycosylation is an abundant and highly diverse modification of proteins. This type of O-glycosylation is initiated in the Golgi by a large family of up to 20 homologous polypeptide GalNAc-T isoenzymes that transfer GalNAc to Ser, Thr and possibly Tyr residues. These GalNAc residues are then further elongated by a large set of glycosyltransferases to build a variety of complex O-glycan structures. What determines O-glycan site occupancy is still poorly understood, although it is clear that the substrate specificities of individual isoenzymes and the repertoire of GalNAc-Ts in cells are key parameters. The GalNAc-T isoenzymes are differentially expressed in cells and tissues in principle allowing cells to produce unique O-glycoproteomes dependent on the specific subset of isoforms present. In vitro analysis of acceptor peptide substrate specificities using recombinant expressed GalNAc-Ts has been the method of choice for probing activities of individual isoforms, but these studies have been hampered by biological validation of actual O-glycosylation sites in proteins and number of substrate testable. Here, we present a systematic analysis of the activity of 10 human GalNAc-T isoenzymes with 195 peptide substrates covering known O-glycosylation sites and provide a comprehensive dataset for evaluating isoform-specific contributions to the O-glycoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine Ter-Borch Gram Schjoldager
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Daugbjerg Madsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Pediatrics Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Malene B Vester-Christensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steven B Levery
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Copenhagen, Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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