1
|
Hawkins NA, Speakes N, Kearney JA. Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Dravet Syndrome Modifier Loci on Mouse Chromosomes 7 and 8. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589561. [PMID: 38659879 PMCID: PMC11042286 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) characterized by intractable seizures, comorbidities related to developmental, cognitive, and motor delays, and a high mortality burden due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Most Dravet syndrome cases are attributed to SCN1A haploinsufficiency, with genetic modifiers and environmental factors influencing disease severity. Mouse models with heterozygous deletion of Scn1a recapitulate key features of Dravet syndrome, including seizures and premature mortality; however, severity varies depending on genetic background. Here, we refined two Dravet survival modifier (Dsm) loci, Dsm2 on chromosome 7 and Dsm3 on chromosome 8, using interval-specific congenic (ISC) mapping. Dsm2 was complex and encompassed at least two separate loci, while Dsm3 was refined to a single locus. Candidate modifier genes within these refined loci were prioritized based on brain expression, strain-dependent differences, and biological relevance to seizures or epilepsy. High priority candidate genes for Dsm2 include Nav2, Ptpn5, Ldha, Dbx1, Prmt3 and Slc6a5, while Dsm3 has a single high priority candidate, Psd3. This study underscores the complex genetic architecture underlying Dravet syndrome and provides insights into potential modifier genes that could influence disease severity and serve as novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
| | - Nathan Speakes
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
| | - Jennifer A. Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwan R, Das P, Gerrebos N, Li J, Wang XY, DeBoer G, Emnacen-Pankhurst V, Lin S, Feng R, Goodchild S, Sojo LE. Development and application of a multiple reaction monitoring method for the simultaneous quantification of sodium channels Na v 1.1, Na v 1.2, and Na v 1.6 in solubilized membrane proteins from stable HEK293 cell lines, rodents, and human brain tissues. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9672. [PMID: 38211346 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nav 1.1, 1.2, and 1.6 are transmembrane proteins acting as voltage-gated sodium channels implicated in various forms of epilepsy. There is a need for knowing their actual concentration in target tissues during drug development. METHODS Unique peptides for Nav 1.1, Nav 1.2, and Nav 1.6 were selected as quantotropic peptides for each protein and used for their quantification in membranes from stably transfected HEK293 cells and rodent and human brain samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Nav 1.1, 1.2, and 1.6 protein expressions in three stably individually transfected HEK293 cell lines were found to be 2.1 ± 0.2, 6.4 ± 1.2, and 4.0 ± 0.6 fmol/μg membrane protein, respectively. In brains, Nav 1.2 showed the highest expression, with approximately three times higher (P < 0.003) in rodents than in humans at 3.05 ± 0.57, with 3.35 ± 0.56 in mouse and rat brains and 1.09 ± 0.27 fmol/μg in human brain. Both Nav 1.1 and 1.6 expressions were much lower in the brains, with approximately 40% less expression in human Nav 1.1 than rodent Nav 1.1 at 0.49 ± 0.1 (mouse), 0.43 ± 0.3 (rat), and 0.28 ± 0.04 (humans); whereas Nav 1.6 had approximately 60% less expression in humans than rodents at 0.27 ± 0.09 (mouse), 0.26 ± 0.06 (rat), and 0.11 ± 0.02 (humans) fmol/μg membrane proteins. CONCLUSIONS Multiple reaction monitoring was used to quantify sodium channels Nav 1.1, 1.2, and 1.6 expressed in stably transfected HEK293 cells and brain tissues from mice, rats, and humans. We found significant differences in the expression of these channels in mouse, rat, and human brains. Nav expression ranking among the three species was Nav 1.2 ≫ Nav 1.1 > Nav 1.6, with the human brain expressing much lower concentrations overall compared to rodent brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainbow Kwan
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Prerna Das
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neelan Gerrebos
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jenny Li
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xin Yin Wang
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gina DeBoer
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sophia Lin
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond Feng
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam Goodchild
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luis E Sojo
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang K, Gao D, Yan J, Lin L, Cui T, Lu S. Critical Roles of Protein Arginine Methylation in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6060-6091. [PMID: 37415067 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable post-transitional modification of both histones and non-histone proteins is arginine methylation. Methylation of arginine residues is crucial for a wide range of cellular process, including signal transduction, DNA repair, gene expression, mRNA splicing, and protein interaction. Arginine methylation is modulated by arginine methyltransferases and demethylases, like protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMTs) and Jumonji C (JmjC) domain containing (JMJD) proteins. Symmetric dimethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine, metabolic products of the PRMTs and JMJD proteins, can be changed by abnormal expression of these proteins. Many pathologies including cancer, inflammation and immune responses have been closely linked to aberrant arginine methylation. Currently, the majority of the literature discusses the substrate specificity and function of arginine methylation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancers. Numerous investigations on the roles of arginine methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) have so far been conducted. In this review, we display the biochemistry of arginine methylation and provide an overview of the regulatory mechanism of arginine methyltransferases and demethylases. We also highlight physiological functions of arginine methylation in the CNS and the significance of arginine methylation in a variety of neurological diseases such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, we summarize PRMT inhibitors and molecular functions of arginine methylation. Finally, we pose important questions that require further research to comprehend the roles of arginine methylation in the CNS and discover more effective targets for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jidong Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyan Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dong R, Li X, Flores AD, Lai KO. The translation initiating factor eIF4E and arginine methylation underlie G3BP1 function in dendritic spine development of neurons. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105029. [PMID: 37442236 PMCID: PMC10432808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between neurons relies on neurotransmission that takes place at synapses. Excitatory synapses are located primarily on dendritic spines that possess diverse morphologies, ranging from elongated filopodia to mushroom-shaped spines. Failure in the proper development of dendritic spines has detrimental consequences on neuronal connectivity, but the molecular mechanism that controls the balance of filopodia and mushroom spines is not well understood. G3BP1 is the key RNA-binding protein that assembles the stress granules in non-neuronal cells to adjust protein synthesis upon exogenous stress. Emerging evidence suggests that the biological significance of G3BP1 extends beyond its role in stress response, especially in the nervous system. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation and function of G3BP1 in neurons remains elusive. Here we found that G3BP1 suppresses protein synthesis and binds to the translation initiation factor eIF4E via its NTF2-like domain. Notably, the over-production of filopodia caused by G3BP1 depletion can be alleviated by blocking the formation of the translation initiation complex. We further found that the interaction of G3BP1 with eIF4E is regulated by arginine methylation. Knockdown of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 leads to elevated protein synthesis and filopodia production, which is reversed by the expression of methylation-mimetic G3BP1. Our study, therefore, reveals arginine methylation as a key regulatory mechanism of G3BP1 during dendritic spine morphogenesis and identifies eIF4E as a novel downstream target of G3BP1 in neuronal development independent of stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angelo D Flores
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chmielewska N, Wawer A, Wicik Z, Osuch B, Maciejak P, Szyndler J. miR-9a-5p expression is decreased in the hippocampus of rats resistant to lamotrigine: A behavioural, molecular and bioinformatics assessment. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109425. [PMID: 36709037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The major obstacle in developing new treatment strategies for refractory epilepsy is the complexity and poor understanding of its mechanisms. Utilizing the model of lamotrigine-resistant seizures, we evaluated whether changes in the expression of sodium channel subunits are responsible for the diminished responsiveness to lamotrigine (LTG) and if miRNAs, may also be associated. Male rats were administered LTG (5 mg/kg) before each stimulation during kindling acquisition. Challenge stimulation following LTG exposure (30 mg/kg) was performed to confirm resistance in fully kindled rats. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of sodium channel subunits (SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN3A) and miRNAs (miR-155-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-137-3p, miR-342-5p, miR-301a-3p, miR-212-3p, miR-9a-5p, and miR-133a-3p). Western blot analysis was utilized to measure Nav1.2 protein, and bioinformatics tools were used to perform target prediction and enrichment analysis for miR-9a-5p, the only affected miRNA according to the responsiveness to LTG. Amygdala kindling seizures downregulated Nav1.2, miR-137-3p, miR-342-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-9a-5p as well as upregulated miR-212-3p. miR-9a-5p was the only molecule decreased in rats resistant to LTG. The bioinformatic assessment and disease enrichment analysis revealed that miR-9a-5p targets expressed with high confidence in the hippocampus are the most significantly associated with epilepsy. Due to the miR-9a-5p dysregulation, major pathways affected are neurotrophic processes, neurotransmission, inflammatory response, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Interaction network analysis identified LTG target SCN2A as interacting with highest number of genes regulated by miR-9-5p. Further studies are needed to propose specific genes and miRNAs responsible for diminished responsiveness to LTG. miR-9a-5p targets, like KCNA4, KCNA2, CACNB2, SCN4B, KCNC1, should receive special attention in them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chmielewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adriana Wawer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Osuch
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maciejak
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Szyndler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brobbey C, Liu L, Yin S, Gan W. The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179780. [PMID: 36077176 PMCID: PMC9456308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, cells have developed a sophisticated signaling pathway, consisting of DNA damage sensors, transducers, and effectors, to ensure efficient and proper repair of damaged DNA. During this process, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are central events that modulate the recruitment, dissociation, and activation of DNA repair proteins at damage sites. Emerging evidence reveals that protein arginine methylation is one of the common PTMs and plays critical roles in DNA damage response. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) either directly methylate DNA repair proteins or deposit methylation marks on histones to regulate their transcription, RNA splicing, protein stability, interaction with partners, enzymatic activities, and localization. In this review, we summarize the substrates and roles of each PRMTs in DNA damage response and discuss the synergistic anticancer effects of PRMTs and DNA damage pathway inhibitors, providing insight into the significance of arginine methylation in the maintenance of genome integrity and cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zandi PP, Jaffe AE, Goes FS, Burke EE, Collado-Torres L, Huuki-Myers L, Seyedian A, Lin Y, Seifuddin F, Pirooznia M, Ross CA, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR, Hyde TM. Amygdala and anterior cingulate transcriptomes from individuals with bipolar disorder reveal downregulated neuroimmune and synaptic pathways. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:381-389. [PMID: 35260864 PMCID: PMC8915427 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have identified variants associated with bipolar disorder (BD), but it remains unclear how brain gene expression is altered in BD and how genetic risk for BD may contribute to these alterations. Here, we obtained transcriptomes from subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala samples from post-mortem brains of individuals with BD and neurotypical controls, including 511 total samples from 295 unique donors. We examined differential gene expression between cases and controls and the transcriptional effects of BD-associated genetic variants. We found two coexpressed modules that were associated with transcriptional changes in BD: one enriched for immune and inflammatory genes and the other with genes related to the postsynaptic membrane. Over 50% of BD genome-wide significant loci contained significant expression quantitative trait loci (QTL) (eQTL), and these data converged on several individual genes, including SCN2A and GRIN2A. Thus, these data implicate specific genes and pathways that may contribute to the pathology of BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily E Burke
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Arta Seyedian
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yian Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Canto AM, Godoi AB, Matos AHB, Geraldis JC, Rogerio F, Alvim MKM, Yasuda CL, Ghizoni E, Tedeschi H, Veiga DFT, Henning B, Souza W, Rocha CS, Vieira AS, Dias EV, Carvalho BS, Gilioli R, Arul AB, Robinson RAS, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I. Benchmarking the proteomic profile of animal models of mesial temporal epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:454-467. [PMID: 35238489 PMCID: PMC8994989 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the proteomic signatures of the hippocampal lesion induced in three different animal models of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE+HS): the systemic pilocarpine model (PILO), the intracerebroventricular kainic acid model (KA), and the perforant pathway stimulation model (PPS). METHODS We used shotgun proteomics to analyze the proteomes and find enriched biological pathways of the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus (DG) isolated from the hippocampi of the three animal models. We also compared the proteomes obtained in the animal models to that from the DG of patients with pharmacoresistant MTLE+HS. RESULTS We found that each animal model presents specific profiles of proteomic changes. The PILO model showed responses predominantly related to neuronal excitatory imbalance. The KA model revealed alterations mainly in synaptic activity. The PPS model displayed abnormalities in metabolism and oxidative stress. We also identified common biological pathways enriched in all three models, such as inflammation and immune response, which were also observed in tissue from patients. However, none of the models could recapitulate the profile of molecular changes observed in tissue from patients. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that each model has its own set of biological responses leading to epilepsy. Thus, it seems that only using a combination of the three models may one replicate more closely the mechanisms underlying MTLE+HS as seen in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Canto
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B Godoi
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H B Matos
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Geraldis
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rogerio
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina K M Alvim
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Enrico Ghizoni
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Helder Tedeschi
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo F T Veiga
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara Henning
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Welliton Souza
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Rocha
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André S Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elayne V Dias
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Benilton S Carvalho
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rovilson Gilioli
- Laboratory of Animal Quality Control, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Albert B Arul
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong R, Li X, Lai KO. Activity and Function of the PRMT8 Protein Arginine Methyltransferase in Neurons. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111132. [PMID: 34833008 PMCID: PMC8621972 DOI: 10.3390/life11111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the nine mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), PRMT8 is unusual because it has restricted expression in the nervous system and is the only membrane-bound PRMT. Emerging studies have demonstrated that this enzyme plays multifaceted roles in diverse processes in neurons. Here we will summarize the unique structural features of PRMT8 and describe how it participates in various neuronal functions such as dendritic growth, synapse maturation, and synaptic plasticity. Recent evidence suggesting the potential role of PRMT8 function in neurological diseases will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Marsden AJ, Riley DRJ, Barry A, Khalil JS, Guinn BA, Kemp NT, Rivero F, Beltran-Alvarez P. Inhibition of Arginine Methylation Impairs Platelet Function. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1567-1577. [PMID: 34661075 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to arginine residues in proteins. PRMT inhibitors are novel, promising drugs against cancer that are currently in clinical trials, which include oral administration of the drugs. However, off-target activities of systemically available PRMT inhibitors have not yet been investigated. In this work, we study the relevance of arginine methylation in platelets and investigate the effect of PRMT inhibitors on platelet function and on the expression of relevant platelet receptors. We show that (1) key platelet proteins are modified by arginine methylation; (2) incubation of human platelets with PRMT inhibitors for 4 h results in impaired capacity of platelets to aggregate in response to thrombin and collagen, with IC50 values in the μM range; and (3) treatment with PRMT inhibitors leads to decreased membrane expression and reduced activation of the critical platelet integrin αIIbβ3. Our contribution opens new avenues for research on arginine methylation in platelets, including the repurposing of arginine methylation inhibitors as novel antiplatelet drugs. We also recommend that current and future clinical trials with PRMT inhibitors consider any adverse effects associated with platelet inhibition of these emerging anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David R J Riley
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Antonia Barry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Jawad S Khalil
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Barbara-Ann Guinn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Neil T Kemp
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Francisco Rivero
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu Y, Zhu S, Zou Z, He Z, Yang H. [Modulatory effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol on voltage-gated sodium currents in rat caudate nucleus neurons with kainic acid-induced injury]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1150-1157. [PMID: 34549704 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the modulatory effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) on voltage-gated sodium currents(VGSCs) in rat caudate nucleus (CN) neurons with kainic acid (KA)-induced injury and explore the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of 2-AG. METHODS Primary cultures of CN neurons isolated from neonatal SD rats were treated with KA, 2-AG+KA, RIM (a CB1 receptor antagonist) +2-AG+KA, or vehicle only (as control).After 7 days in primary culture, the neurons were treated with corresponding agents for 12 h (RIM and 2-AG were added at the same time; KA was added 30 min later) before recording of current density changes, current-voltage characteristics, activation and inactivation kinetics of VGSCs (INa) using whole-cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS In cultured CN neurons, KA significantly increased current density of VGSCs (P=0.009) as compared with vehicle treatment.KA also produced a hyperpolarizing shift in the activation curve of INa and significantly increased the absolute value of V1/2 for activation (P=0.008).Addition of 2-AG in the culture medium obviously prevented KA-induced increase of INa (P=0.009) and hyperpolarizing shift in the activation curve of INa, and significantly reduced the value of V1/2 for activation(P=0.009)in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner.2-AG alone did not affect the density, activation or deactivation of VGSCs in rat CN neurons. CONCLUSION In excitotoxic events, endogenous 2-AG can offer neuroprotection by modulating VGSCs in the CN neurons through a CB1 receptor-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Institute of Brain Grand Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Z Zou
- Department of Neurology, Changjiang Shipping General Hospital, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Z He
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Institute of Brain Grand Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Institute of Brain Grand Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Multi-omics in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Clues into the underlying mechanisms leading to disease. Seizure 2021; 90:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
13
|
Couto E Silva A, Wu CYC, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, Chen CT, Possoit HE, Citadin CT, Lee RHC, Brown JI, Frankel A, Lin HW. Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuroinflammation after hypoxic stress. J Neurochem 2021; 159:742-761. [PMID: 34216036 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes involved in gene regulation and protein/histone modifications. PRMT8 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, specifically within the cellular membrane and synaptic vesicles. Recently, PRMT8 has been described to play key roles in neuronal signaling such as a regulator of dendritic arborization, synaptic function and maturation, and neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Here, we examined the role of PRMT8 in response to hypoxia-induced stress in brain metabolism. Our results from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and protein analyses indicate that PRMT8(-/-) knockout mice presented with altered membrane phospholipid composition, decreased mitochondrial stress capacity, and increased neuroinflammatory markers, such as TNF-α and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia/macrophage activation) after hypoxic stress. Furthermore, adenovirus-based overexpression of PRMT8 reversed the changes in membrane phospholipid composition, mitochondrial stress capacity, and neuroinflammatory markers. Together, our findings establish PRMT8 as an important regulatory component of membrane phospholipid composition, short-term memory function, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation in response to hypoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chuck T Chen
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - HarLee E Possoit
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Goretzki B, Guhl C, Tebbe F, Harder JM, Hellmich UA. Unstructural Biology of TRP Ion Channels: The Role of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Channel Function and Regulation. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166931. [PMID: 33741410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first genuine high-resolution single particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of a membrane protein determined was a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, TRPV1, in 2013. This methodical breakthrough opened up a whole new world for structural biology and ion channel aficionados alike. TRP channels capture the imagination due to the sheer endless number of tasks they carry out in all aspects of animal physiology. To date, structures of at least one representative member of each of the six mammalian TRP channel subfamilies as well as of a few non-mammalian families have been determined. These structures were instrumental for a better understanding of TRP channel function and regulation. However, all of the TRP channel structures solved so far are incomplete since they miss important information about highly flexible regions found mostly in the channel N- and C-termini. These intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can represent between a quarter to almost half of the entire protein sequence and act as important recruitment hubs for lipids and regulatory proteins. Here, we analyze the currently available TRP channel structures with regard to the extent of these "missing" regions and compare these findings to disorder predictions. We discuss select examples of intra- and intermolecular crosstalk of TRP channel IDRs with proteins and lipids as well as the effect of splicing and post-translational modifications, to illuminate their importance for channel function and to complement the prevalently discussed structural biology of these versatile and fascinating proteins with their equally relevant 'unstructural' biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Goretzki
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Guhl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Martin Harder
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Concepcion FA, Khan MN, Ju Wang JD, Wei AD, Ojemann JG, Ko AL, Shi Y, Eng JK, Ramirez JM, Poolos NP. HCN Channel Phosphorylation Sites Mapped by Mass Spectrometry in Human Epilepsy Patients and in an Animal Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neuroscience 2021; 460:13-30. [PMID: 33571596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Because hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels modulate the excitability of cortical and hippocampal principal neurons, these channels play a key role in the hyperexcitability that occurs during the development of epilepsy after a brain insult, or epileptogenesis. In epileptic rats generated by pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, HCN channel activity is downregulated by two main mechanisms: a hyperpolarizing shift in gating and a decrease in amplitude of the current mediated by HCN channels, Ih. Because these mechanisms are modulated by various phosphorylation signaling pathways, we hypothesized that phosphorylation changes occur at individual HCN channel amino acid residues (phosphosites) during epileptogenesis. We collected CA1 hippocampal tissue from male Sprague Dawley rats made epileptic by pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, and age-matched naïve controls. We also included resected human brain tissue containing epileptogenic zones (EZs) where seizures arise for comparison to our chronically epileptic rats. After enrichment for HCN1 and HCN2 isoforms by immunoprecipitation and trypsin in-gel digestion, the samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry. We identified numerous phosphosites from HCN1 and HCN2 channels, representing a novel survey of phosphorylation sites within HCN channels. We found high levels of HCN channel phosphosite homology between humans and rats. We also identified a novel HCN1 channel phosphosite S791, which underwent significantly increased phosphorylation during the chronic epilepsy stage. Heterologous expression of a phosphomimetic mutant, S791D, replicated a hyperpolarizing shift in Ih gating seen in neurons from chronically epileptic rats. These results show that HCN1 channel phosphorylation is altered in epilepsy and may be of pathogenic importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Concepcion
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M N Khan
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J-D Ju Wang
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - A D Wei
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J G Ojemann
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - A L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J K Eng
- Proteomics Resource, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J-M Ramirez
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - N P Poolos
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu CYC, Couto E Silva A, Citadin CT, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, Knox BA, Grames MS, Rodgers KM, Lee RHC, Lin HW. Palmitic acid methyl ester inhibits cardiac arrest-induced neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 165:102227. [PMID: 33445063 PMCID: PMC8174449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) is a potent vasodilator released from the sympathetic ganglion with vasoactive properties. Post-treatment with PAME can enhance cortical cerebral blood flow and functional learning and memory, while inhibiting neuronal cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus under pathological conditions (i.e. cerebral ischemia). Since mechanisms underlying PAME-mediated neuroprotection remain unclear, we investigated the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of PAME after 6 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA, an animal model of global cerebral ischemia). Our results from capillary-based immunoassay (for the detection of proteins) and cytokine array suggest that PAME (0.02 mg/kg) can decrease neuroinflammatory markers, such as ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia/macrophage activation) and inflammatory cytokines after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Additionally, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and respiratory function in the hippocampal slices were restored following ACA (via Seahorse XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer) suggesting that PAME can ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, hippocampal protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and PRMT8 are enhanced in the presence of PAME to suggest a possible pathway of methylated fatty acids to modulate arginine-based enzymatic methylation. Altogether, our findings suggest that PAME can provide neuroprotection in the presence of ACA to alleviate neuroinflammation and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Brianne A Knox
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mychal S Grames
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
do Canto AM, Donatti A, Geraldis JC, Godoi AB, da Rosa DC, Lopes-Cendes I. Neuroproteomics in Epilepsy: What Do We Know so Far? Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:604158. [PMID: 33488359 PMCID: PMC7817846 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.604158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are chronic neurological diseases that affect approximately 2% of the world population. In addition to being one of the most frequent neurological disorders, treatment for patients with epilepsy remains a challenge, because a proportion of patients do not respond to the antiseizure medications that are currently available. This results in a severe economic and social burden for patients, families, and the healthcare system. A characteristic common to all forms of epilepsy is the occurrence of epileptic seizures that are caused by abnormal neuronal discharges, leading to a clinical manifestation that is dependent on the affected brain region. It is generally accepted that an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition generates the synchronic electrical activity leading to seizures. However, it is still unclear how a normal neural circuit becomes susceptible to the generation of seizures or how epileptogenesis is induced. Herein, we review the results of recent proteomic studies applied to investigate the underlying mechanisms leading to epilepsies and how these findings may impact research and treatment for these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. do Canto
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amanda Donatti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C. Geraldis
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Godoi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Douglas C. da Rosa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Properties of Calmodulin Binding to Na V1.2 IQ Motif and Its Autism-Associated Mutation R1902C. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:523-534. [PMID: 33394222 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are fundamental to the initiation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) binds to VGSC type II (NaV1.2) isoleucine and glutamine (IQ) motif. An autism-associated mutation in NaV1.2 IQ motif, Arg1902Cys (R1902C), has been reported to affect the combination between CaM and the IQ motif compared to that of the wild type IQ motif. However, the detailed properties for the Ca2+-regulated binding of CaM to NaV1.2 IQ (1901Lys-1927Lys, IQwt) and mutant IQ motif (IQR1902C) remains unclear. Here, the binding ability of CaM and CaM's constituent proteins including N- and C lobe to the IQ motif of NaV1.2 and its mutant was investigated by protein pull-down experiments. We discovered that the combination between CaM and the IQ motif was U-shaped with the highest at [Ca2+] ≈ free and the lowest at 100 nM [Ca2+]. In the IQR1902C mutant, Ca2+-dependence of CaM binding was nearly lost. Consequently, the binding of CaM to IQR1902C at 100 and 500 nM [Ca2+] was increased compared to that of IQwt. Both N- and C lobe of CaM could bind with NaV1.2 IQ motif and IQR1902C mutant, with the major effect of C lobe. Furthermore, CaMKII had no impact on the binding between CaM and NaV1.2 IQ motif. This research offers novel insight to the regulation of NaV1.2 IQwt and IQR1902C motif, an autism-associated mutation, by CaM.
Collapse
|
19
|
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Cardiovascular and Neuronal Function. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1716-1732. [PMID: 31823198 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a type of post-translational modification which is important for numerous cellular processes, including mRNA splicing, DNA repair, signal transduction, protein interaction, and transport. PRMTs have been extensively associated with various pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, and immunity response. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in vascular and neurological function. Aberrant expression of PRMTs can alter its metabolic products, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Increased ADMA levels are recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent studies have provided considerable advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to study their function under normal and pathological states. In this review, we aim to elucidate the particular roles of PRMTs in vascular and neuronal function as a potential target for cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Foote KM, Lyman KA, Han Y, Michailidis IE, Heuermann RJ, Mandikian D, Trimmer JS, Swanson GT, Chetkovich DM. Phosphorylation of the HCN channel auxiliary subunit TRIP8b is altered in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy and modulates channel function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15743-15758. [PMID: 31492750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a prevalent neurological disorder with many patients experiencing poor seizure control with existing anti-epileptic drugs. Thus, novel insights into the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and identification of new drug targets can be transformative. Changes in ion channel function have been shown to play a role in generating the aberrant neuronal activity observed in TLE. Previous work demonstrates that hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels regulate neuronal excitability and are mislocalized within CA1 pyramidal cells in a rodent model of TLE. The subcellular distribution of HCN channels is regulated by an auxiliary subunit, tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b), and disruption of this interaction correlates with channel mislocalization. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for HCN channel dysregulation in TLE are unclear. Here we investigated whether changes in TRIP8b phosphorylation are sufficient to alter HCN channel function. We identified a phosphorylation site at residue Ser237 of TRIP8b that enhances binding to HCN channels and influences channel gating by altering the affinity of TRIP8b for the HCN cytoplasmic domain. Using a phosphospecific antibody, we demonstrate that TRIP8b phosphorylated at Ser237 is enriched in CA1 distal dendrites and that phosphorylation is reduced in the kainic acid model of TLE. Overall, our findings indicate that the TRIP8b-HCN interaction can be modulated by changes in phosphorylation and suggest that loss of TRIP8b phosphorylation may affect HCN channel properties during epileptogenesis. These results highlight the potential of drugs targeting posttranslational modifications to restore TRIP8b phosphorylation to reduce excitability in TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall M Foote
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kyle A Lyman
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Ye Han
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ioannis E Michailidis
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Robert J Heuermann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Danielle Mandikian
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Dane M Chetkovich
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nissenkorn A, Almog Y, Adler I, Safrin M, Brusel M, Marom M, Bercovich S, Yakubovich D, Tzadok M, Ben-Zeev B, Rubinstein M. In vivo, in vitro and in silico correlations of four de novo SCN1A missense mutations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211901. [PMID: 30735520 PMCID: PMC6368302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SCN1A gene, which encodes for the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.1, cause Dravet syndrome, a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Genetic testing of this gene is recommended early in life. However, predicting the outcome of de novo missense SCN1A mutations is difficult, since milder epileptic syndromes may also be associated. In this study, we correlated clinical severity with functional in vitro electrophysiological testing of channel activity and bioinformatics prediction of damaging mutational effects. Three patients, bearing the mutations p.Gly177Ala, p.Ser259Arg and p.Glu1923Arg, showed frequent intractable seizures that had started early in life, with cognitive and behavioral deterioration, consistent with classical Dravet phenotypes. These mutations failed to produce measurable sodium currents in a mammalian expression system, indicating complete loss of channel function. A fourth patient, who harbored the mutation p.Met1267Ile, though presenting with seizures early in life, showed lower seizure burden and higher cognitive function, matching borderland Dravet phenotypes. In correlation with this, functional analysis demonstrated the presence of sodium currents, but with partial loss of function. In contrast, six bioinformatics tools for predicting mutational pathogenicity suggested similar impact for all mutations. Likewise, homology modeling of the secondary and tertiary structures failed to reveal misfolding. In conclusion, functional studies using patch clamp are suggested as a prognostic tool, whereby detectable currents imply milder phenotypes and absence of currents indicate an unfavorable prognosis. Future development of automated patch clamp systems will facilitate the inclusion of such functional testing as part of personalized patient diagnostic schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nissenkorn
- Service for Rare Disorders, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Almog
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Adler
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mary Safrin
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Brusel
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Milit Marom
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shayel Bercovich
- The Arrow Project, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Daniel Yakubovich
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Michal Tzadok
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Rubinstein
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arrington JV, Hsu CC, Elder SG, Andy Tao W. Recent advances in phosphoproteomics and application to neurological diseases. Analyst 2018; 142:4373-4387. [PMID: 29094114 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00985b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation has an incredible impact on the biological behavior of proteins, altering everything from intrinsic activity to cellular localization and complex formation. It is no surprise then that this post-translational modification has been the subject of intense study and that, with the advent of faster, more accurate instrumentation, the number of large-scale mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic studies has swelled over the past decade. Recent developments in sample preparation, phosphorylation enrichment, quantification, and data analysis strategies permit both targeted and ultra-deep phosphoproteome profiling, but challenges remain in pinpointing biologically relevant phosphorylation events. We describe here technological advances that have facilitated phosphoproteomic analysis of cells, tissues, and biofluids and note applications to neuropathologies in which the phosphorylation machinery may be dysregulated, much as it is in cancer.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Effect of Ca 2+, Lobe-Specificity, and CaMKII on CaM Binding to Na V1.1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092495. [PMID: 30142967 PMCID: PMC6165294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is well known as an activator of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are basic signaling molecules in excitable cells and are crucial molecular targets for nervous system agents. However, the way in which Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII cascade modulates NaV1.1 IQ (isoleucine and glutamine) domain of VGSCs remains obscure. In this study, the binding of CaM, its mutants at calcium binding sites (CaM12, CaM34, and CaM1234), and truncated proteins (N-lobe and C-lobe) to NaV1.1 IQ domain were detected by pull-down assay. Our data showed that the binding of Ca2+/CaM to the NaV1.1 IQ was concentration-dependent. ApoCaM (Ca2+-free form of calmodulin) bound to NaV1.1 IQ domain preferentially more than Ca2+/CaM. Additionally, the C-lobe of CaM was the predominant domain involved in apoCaM binding to NaV1.1 IQ domain. By contrast, the N-lobe of CaM was predominant in the binding of Ca2+/CaM to NaV1.1 IQ domain. Moreover, CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation increased the binding of Ca2+/CaM to NaV1.1 IQ domain due to one or several phosphorylation sites in T1909, S1918, and T1934 of NaV1.1 IQ domain. This study provides novel mechanisms for the modulation of NaV1.1 by the Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII axis. For the first time, we uncover the effect of Ca2+, lobe-specificity and CaMKII on CaM binding to NaV1.1.
Collapse
|
24
|
Erdem FA, Salzer I, Heo S, Chen WQ, Jung G, Lubec G, Boehm S, Yang JW. Updating In Vivo and In Vitro Phosphorylation and Methylation Sites of Voltage-Gated Kv7.2 Potassium Channels. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 28834300 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Kv7.2 potassium channels regulate neuronal excitability. The gating of these channels is tightly controlled by various mediators and neurotransmitters acting via G protein-coupled receptors; the underlying signaling cascades involve phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ), Ca2+ /calmodulin, and phosphorylation. Recent studies found that the PIP2 sensitivity of Kv7.2 channels is affected by two posttranslational modifications, phosphorylation and methylation, harboured within putative PIP2 -binding domains. In this study, we updated phosphorylation and methylation sites in Kv7.2 either heterologously expressed in mammalian cells or as GST-fusion proteins exposed to recombinant protein kinases by using LC-MS/MS. In vitro kinase assays revealed that CDK5, protein kinase C (PKC) alpha, PKA, p38 MAPK, CamKIIα, and GSK3β could mediate phosphorylation. Taken together, we provided a comprehensive map of phosphorylation and methylation in Kv7.2 within protein-protein and protein-lipid interaction domains. This may help to interpret the functional roles of individual PTM sites in Kv7.2 channels. All MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD005567.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Asli Erdem
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Salzer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seok Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wei-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gangsoo Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jae-Won Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lindroos R, Dorst MC, Du K, Filipović M, Keller D, Ketzef M, Kozlov AK, Kumar A, Lindahl M, Nair AG, Pérez-Fernández J, Grillner S, Silberberg G, Hellgren Kotaleski J. Basal Ganglia Neuromodulation Over Multiple Temporal and Structural Scales-Simulations of Direct Pathway MSNs Investigate the Fast Onset of Dopaminergic Effects and Predict the Role of Kv4.2. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:3. [PMID: 29467627 PMCID: PMC5808142 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia are involved in the motivational and habitual control of motor and cognitive behaviors. Striatum, the largest basal ganglia input stage, integrates cortical and thalamic inputs in functionally segregated cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic loops, and in addition the basal ganglia output nuclei control targets in the brainstem. Striatal function depends on the balance between the direct pathway medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) that express D1 dopamine receptors and the indirect pathway MSNs that express D2 dopamine receptors. The striatal microstructure is also divided into striosomes and matrix compartments, based on the differential expression of several proteins. Dopaminergic afferents from the midbrain and local cholinergic interneurons play crucial roles for basal ganglia function, and striatal signaling via the striosomes in turn regulates the midbrain dopaminergic system directly and via the lateral habenula. Consequently, abnormal functions of the basal ganglia neuromodulatory system underlie many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Neuromodulation acts on multiple structural levels, ranging from the subcellular level to behavior, both in health and disease. For example, neuromodulation affects membrane excitability and controls synaptic plasticity and thus learning in the basal ganglia. However, it is not clear on what time scales these different effects are implemented. Phosphorylation of ion channels and the resulting membrane effects are typically studied over minutes while it has been shown that neuromodulation can affect behavior within a few hundred milliseconds. So how do these seemingly contradictory effects fit together? Here we first briefly review neuromodulation of the basal ganglia, with a focus on dopamine. We furthermore use biophysically detailed multi-compartmental models to integrate experimental data regarding dopaminergic effects on individual membrane conductances with the aim to explain the resulting cellular level dopaminergic effects. In particular we predict dopaminergic effects on Kv4.2 in D1-MSNs. Finally, we also explore dynamical aspects of the onset of neuromodulation effects in multi-scale computational models combining biochemical signaling cascades and multi-compartmental neuron models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lindroos
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthijs C. Dorst
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Du
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marko Filipović
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maya Ketzef
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander K. Kozlov
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindahl
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anu G. Nair
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Juan Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Department of Neuroscience, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Onwuli DO, Yañez-Bisbe L, Pinsach-Abuin ML, Tarradas A, Brugada R, Greenman J, Pagans S, Beltran-Alvarez P. Do sodium channel proteolytic fragments regulate sodium channel expression? Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:476-481. [PMID: 28718687 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1355663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel (gene: SCN5A, protein: NaV1.5) is responsible for the sodium current that initiates the cardiomyocyte action potential. Research into the mechanisms of SCN5A gene expression has gained momentum over the last few years. We have recently described the transcriptional regulation of SCN5A by GATA4 transcription factor. In this addendum to our study, we report our observations that 1) the linker between domains I and II (LDI-DII) of NaV1.5 contains a nuclear localization signal (residues 474-481) that is necessary to localize LDI-DII into the nucleus, and 2) nuclear LDI-DII activates the SCN5A promoter in gene reporter assays using cardiac-like H9c2 cells. Given that voltage-gated sodium channels are known targets of proteases such as calpain, we speculate that NaV1.5 degradation is signaled to the cell transcriptional machinery via nuclear localization of LDI-DII and subsequent stimulation of the SCN5A promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatus O Onwuli
- a Biomedical Sciences , School of Life Sciences, University of Hull , Kingston upon Hull , UK
| | - Laia Yañez-Bisbe
- b Cardiovascular Genetics Center , Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), University of Girona , Girona , Spain
| | - Mel Lina Pinsach-Abuin
- b Cardiovascular Genetics Center , Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,c Medical Science Department , School of Medicine, University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Anna Tarradas
- b Cardiovascular Genetics Center , Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,c Medical Science Department , School of Medicine, University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- b Cardiovascular Genetics Center , Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,c Medical Science Department , School of Medicine, University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,e Cardiology Service , Hospital Josep Trueta , Girona , Spain
| | - John Greenman
- a Biomedical Sciences , School of Life Sciences, University of Hull , Kingston upon Hull , UK
| | - Sara Pagans
- b Cardiovascular Genetics Center , Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,c Medical Science Department , School of Medicine, University of Girona , Girona , Spain.,d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- a Biomedical Sciences , School of Life Sciences, University of Hull , Kingston upon Hull , UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pro-excitatory alterations in sodium channel activity facilitate subiculum neuron hyperexcitability in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:183-194. [PMID: 28860087 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of adult epilepsy involving the limbic structures of the temporal lobe. Subiculum neurons act to provide a major output from the hippocampus and consist of a large population of endogenously bursting excitatory neurons. In TLE, subiculum neurons are largely spared, become hyperexcitable and show spontaneous epileptiform activity. The basis for this hyperexcitability is unclear, but is likely to involve alterations in the expression levels and function of various ion channels. In this study, we sought to determine the importance of sodium channel currents in facilitating neuronal hyperexcitability of subiculum neurons in the continuous hippocampal stimulation (CHS) rat model of TLE. Subiculum neurons from TLE rats were hyperexcitable, firing a higher frequency of action potentials after somatic current injection and action potential (AP) bursts after synaptic stimulation. Voltage clamp recordings revealed increases in resurgent (INaR) and persistent (INaP) sodium channel currents and pro-excitatory shifts in sodium channel activation and inactivation parameters that would facilitate increases in AP generation. Attenuation of INaR and INaP currents with 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin (4,9-ah TTX; 100nM), a toxin with increased potency against Nav1.6 channels, suppressed neuronal firing frequency and inhibited AP bursting induced by synaptic stimulation in TLE neurons. These findings support an important role of sodium channels, particularly Nav1.6, in facilitating subiculum neuron hyperexcitability in TLE and provide further support for the importance of INaR and INaP currents in establishing epileptiform activity of subiculum neurons.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ridley B, Marchi A, Wirsich J, Soulier E, Confort-Gouny S, Schad L, Bartolomei F, Ranjeva JP, Guye M, Zaaraoui W. Brain sodium MRI in human epilepsy: Disturbances of ionic homeostasis reflect the organization of pathological regions. Neuroimage 2017; 157:173-183. [PMID: 28602596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of technical advancements supporting exploration of MR signals other than 1H, sodium (23Na) has received attention as a marker of ionic homeostasis and cell viability. Here, we evaluate for the first time the possibility that 23Na-MRI is sensitive to pathological processes occurring in human epilepsy. A normative sample of 27 controls was used to normalize regions of interest (ROIs) from 1424 unique brain locales on quantitative 23Na-MRI and high-resolution 1H-MPRAGE images. ROIs were based on intracerebral electrodes in ten patients undergoing epileptic network mapping. The stereo-EEG gold standard was used to define regions as belonging to primarily epileptogenic, secondarily irritative and to non-involved regions. Estimates of total sodium concentration (TSC) on 23Na-MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on 1H imaging were extracted for each patient ROI, and normalized against the same region in controls. ROIs with disproportionate CSF contributions (ZCSF≥1.96) were excluded. TSC levels were found to be elevated in patients relative to controls except in one patient, who suffered non-convulsive seizures during the scan, in whom we found reduced TSC levels. In the remaining patients, an ANOVA (F1100= 12.37, p<0.0001) revealed a highly significant effect of clinically-defined zones (F1100= 11.13, p<0.0001), with higher normalized TSC in the epileptogenic zone relative to both secondarily irritative (F1100= 11, p=0.0009) and non-involved regions (F1100= 17.8, p<0.0001). We provide the first non-invasive, in vivo evidence of a chronic TSC elevation alongside ZCSF levels within the normative range, associated with the epileptogenic region even during the interictal period in human epilepsy, and the possibility of reduced TSC levels due to seizure. In line with modified homeostatic mechanisms in epilepsy - including altered mechanisms underlying ionic gating, clearance and exchange - we provide the first indication of 23Na-MRI as an assay of altered sodium concentrations occurring in epilepsy associated with the organization of clinically relevant divisions of pathological cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ridley
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Angela Marchi
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan Wirsich
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Soulier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Sylviane Confort-Gouny
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Lothar Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpitaux de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
| | - Wafaa Zaaraoui
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Terragni B, Scalmani P, Franceschetti S, Cestèle S, Mantegazza M. Post-translational dysfunctions in channelopathies of the nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:31-42. [PMID: 28571716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Channelopathies comprise various diseases caused by defects of ion channels. Modifications of their biophysical properties are common and have been widely studied. However, ion channels are heterogeneous multi-molecular complexes that are extensively modulated and undergo a maturation process comprising numerous steps of structural modifications and intracellular trafficking. Perturbations of these processes can give rise to aberrant channels that cause pathologies. Here we review channelopathies of the nervous system associated with dysfunctions at the post-translational level (folding, trafficking, degradation, subcellular localization, interactions with associated proteins and structural post-translational modifications). We briefly outline the physiology of ion channels' maturation and discuss examples of defective mechanisms, focusing in particular on voltage-gated sodium channels, which are implicated in numerous neurological disorders. We also shortly introduce possible strategies to develop therapeutic approaches that target these processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Terragni
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Scalmani
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandrine Cestèle
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France; University Côte d'Azur (UCA), 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France; University Côte d'Azur (UCA), 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hsu WCJ, Wildburger NC, Haidacher SJ, Nenov MN, Folorunso O, Singh AK, Chesson BC, Franklin WF, Cortez I, Sadygov RG, Dineley KT, Rudra JS, Taglialatela G, Lichti CF, Denner L, Laezza F. PPARgamma agonists rescue increased phosphorylation of FGF14 at S226 in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 295:1-17. [PMID: 28522250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment in humans with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in animal models of Aβ-pathology can be ameliorated by treatments with the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonists, such as rosiglitazone (RSG). Previously, we demonstrated that in the Tg2576 animal model of AD, RSG treatment rescued cognitive deficits and reduced aberrant activity of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG), an area critical for memory formation. METHODS We used a combination of mass spectrometry, confocal imaging, electrophysiology and split-luciferase assay and in vitro phosphorylation and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Using an unbiased, quantitative nano-LC-MS/MS screening, we searched for potential molecular targets of the RSG-dependent rescue of DG granule neurons. We found that S226 phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), an accessory protein of the voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels required for neuronal firing, was reduced in Tg2576 mice upon treatment with RSG. Using confocal microscopy, we confirmed that the Tg2576 condition decreased PanNav channels at the AIS of the DG, and that RSG treatment of Tg2576 mice reversed the reduction in PanNav channels. Analysis from previously published data sets identified correlative changes in action potential kinetics in RSG-treated T2576 compared to untreated and wildtype controls. In vitro phosphorylation and mass spectrometry confirmed that the multifunctional kinase GSK-3β, a downstream target of insulin signaling highly implicated in AD, phosphorylated FGF14 at S226. Assembly of the FGF14:Nav1.6 channel complex and functional regulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents by FGF14 was impaired by a phosphosilent S226A mutation. Bioinformatics pathway analysis of mass spectrometry and biochemistry data revealed a highly interconnected network encompassing PPARγ, FGF14, SCN8A (Nav 1.6), and the kinases GSK-3 β, casein kinase 2β, and ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS These results identify FGF14 as a potential PPARγ-sensitive target controlling Aβ-induced dysfunctions of neuronal activity in the DG underlying memory loss in early AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun J Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; M.D./Ph.D. Combined Degree Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Norelle C Wildburger
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Sigmund J Haidacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Miroslav N Nenov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Brent C Chesson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Whitney F Franklin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Ibdanelo Cortez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Rovshan G Sadygov
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Jay S Rudra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Larry Denner
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noebels J. Precision physiology and rescue of brain ion channel disorders. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:533-546. [PMID: 28428202 PMCID: PMC5412535 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel genes, originally implicated in inherited excitability disorders of muscle and heart, have captured a major role in the molecular diagnosis of central nervous system disease. Their arrival is heralded by neurologists confounded by a broad phenotypic spectrum of early-onset epilepsy, autism, and cognitive impairment with few effective treatments. As detection of rare structural variants in channel subunit proteins becomes routine, it is apparent that primary sequence alone cannot reliably predict clinical severity or pinpoint a therapeutic solution. Future gains in the clinical utility of variants as biomarkers integral to clinical decision making and drug discovery depend on our ability to unravel complex developmental relationships bridging single ion channel structure and human physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Noebels
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 .,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
CaMKII modulates sodium current in neurons from epileptic Scn2a mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1696-1701. [PMID: 28137877 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615774114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic epilepsies with wide-ranging clinical severity have been associated with mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel genes. In the Scn2aQ54 mouse model of epilepsy, a focal epilepsy phenotype is caused by transgenic expression of an engineered NaV1.2 mutation displaying enhanced persistent sodium current. Seizure frequency and other phenotypic features in Scn2aQ54 mice depend on genetic background. We investigated the neurophysiological and molecular correlates of strain-dependent epilepsy severity in this model. Scn2aQ54 mice on the C57BL/6J background (B6.Q54) exhibit a mild disorder, whereas animals intercrossed with SJL/J mice (F1.Q54) have a severe phenotype. Whole-cell recording revealed that hippocampal pyramidal neurons from B6.Q54 and F1.Q54 animals exhibit spontaneous action potentials, but F1.Q54 neurons exhibited higher firing frequency and greater evoked activity compared with B6.Q54 neurons. These findings correlated with larger persistent sodium current and depolarized inactivation in neurons from F1.Q54 animals. Because calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to modify persistent current and channel inactivation in the heart, we investigated CaMKII as a plausible modulator of neuronal sodium channels. CaMKII activity in hippocampal protein lysates exhibited a strain-dependence in Scn2aQ54 mice with higher activity in F1.Q54 animals. Heterologously expressed NaV1.2 channels exposed to activated CaMKII had enhanced persistent current and depolarized channel inactivation resembling the properties of F1.Q54 neuronal sodium channels. By contrast, inhibition of CaMKII attenuated persistent current, evoked a hyperpolarized channel inactivation, and suppressed neuronal excitability. We conclude that CaMKII-mediated modulation of neuronal sodium current impacts neuronal excitability in Scn2aQ54 mice and may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are critical determinants of excitability. The properties of VGSCs are thought to be tightly controlled. However, VGSCs are also subjected to extensive modifications. Multiple posttranslational modifications that covalently modify VGSCs in neurons and muscle have been identified. These include, but are not limited to, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, and SUMOylation. Posttranslational modifications of VGSCs can have profound impact on cellular excitability, contributing to normal and abnormal physiology. Despite four decades of research, the complexity of VGSC modulation is still being determined. While some modifications have similar effects on the various VGSC isoforms, others have isoform-specific interactions. In addition, while much has been learned about how individual modifications can impact VGSC function, there is still more to be learned about how different modifications can interact. Here we review what is known about VGSC posttranslational modifications with a focus on the breadth and complexity of the regulatory mechanisms that impact VGSC properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Pei
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yanling Pan
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Seizure Suppression by High Temperature via cAMP Modulation in Drosophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3381-3387. [PMID: 27558668 PMCID: PMC5068957 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.034629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bang-sensitive (BS) Drosophila mutants display characteristic seizure-like activity (SLA) and paralysis after mechanical shock . After high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the brain, they generate robust seizures at very low threshold voltage. Here we report an important phenomenon, which effectively suppresses SLA in BS mutants. High temperature causes seizure suppression in all BS mutants (parabss1, eas, sda) examined in this study. This effect is fully reversible and flies show complete recovery from BS paralysis once the temperature effect is nullified. High temperature induces an increase in seizure threshold after a brief pulse of heat shock (HS). By genetic screening, we identified the involvement of cAMP in the suppression of seizures by high temperature. We propose that HS induces adenylyl cyclase which in turn increases cAMP concentration which eventually suppresses seizures in mutant flies. In summary, we describe an unusual phenomenon, where high temperature can suppress SLA in flies by modulating cAMP concentration.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yamamoto Y, Negi J, Wang C, Isogai Y, Schroeder JI, Iba K. The Transmembrane Region of Guard Cell SLAC1 Channels Perceives CO2 Signals via an ABA-Independent Pathway in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:557-67. [PMID: 26764376 PMCID: PMC4790869 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The guard cell S-type anion channel, SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1), a key component in the control of stomatal movements, is activated in response to CO2 and abscisic acid (ABA). Several amino acids existing in the N-terminal region of SLAC1 are involved in regulating its activity via phosphorylation in the ABA response. However, little is known about sites involved in CO2 signal perception. To dissect sites that are necessary for the stomatal CO2 response, we performed slac1 complementation experiments using transgenic plants expressing truncated SLAC1 proteins. Measurements of gas exchange and stomatal apertures in the truncated transgenic lines in response to CO2 and ABA revealed that sites involved in the stomatal CO2 response exist in the transmembrane region and do not require the SLAC1 N and C termini. CO2 and ABA regulation of S-type anion channel activity in guard cells of the transgenic lines confirmed these results. In vivo site-directed mutagenesis experiments targeted to amino acids within the transmembrane region of SLAC1 raise the possibility that two tyrosine residues exposed on the membrane are involved in the stomatal CO2 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Cun Wang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Yasuhiro Isogai
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jin Y, Zhao C, Chen L, Liu X, Pan S, Ju D, Ma J, Li J, Wei B. Identification of novel gene and pathway targets for human epilepsy treatment. Biol Res 2016; 49:3. [PMID: 26742644 PMCID: PMC4705636 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore epilepsy-related mechanism so as to figure out the possible targets for epilepsy treatment. METHODS The gene expression profile dataset GES32534 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by Affy package. Then the DEGs were used to perform gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the DEGs followed by co-expression modules construction and analysis. RESULTS Total 420 DEGs were screened out, including 214 up-regulated and 206 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that down-regulated genes were mainly involved in the process of immunity regulation and biological repairing process while up-regulated genes were closely related to transporter activity. PPI network analysis showed the top ten genes with high degrees were all down-regulated, among which FN1 had the highest degree. The up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs in the PPI network generated two obvious sub-co-expression modules, respectively. In up-co-expression module, SCN3B (sodium channel, voltage gated, type III beta subunit) was enriched in GO:0006814 ~ sodium ion transport. In down-co-expression module, C1QB (complement C1s), C1S (complement component 1, S subcomponent) and CFI (complement factor I) were enriched in GO:0006955 ~ immune response. CONCLUSION The immune response and complement system play a major role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Additionally, C1QB, C1S, CFI, SCN3B and FN1 may be potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Chunzhe Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Lihui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Shuxiao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ju
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan, 131200, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- The Second Division of Neurosurgery, Departments of Neurosurgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Onwuli DO, Beltran-Alvarez P. An update on transcriptional and post-translational regulation of brain voltage-gated sodium channels. Amino Acids 2015; 48:641-651. [PMID: 26503606 PMCID: PMC4752963 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential proteins in brain physiology, as they generate the sodium currents that initiate neuronal action potentials. Voltage-gated sodium channels expression, localisation and function are regulated by a range of transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Here, we review our understanding of regulation of brain voltage-gated sodium channels, in particular SCN1A (NaV1.1), SCN2A (NaV1.2), SCN3A (NaV1.3) and SCN8A (NaV1.6), by transcription factors, by alternative splicing, and by post-translational modifications. Our focus is strongly centred on recent research lines, and newly generated knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatus O Onwuli
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hardy Building Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hardy Building Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Phosphorylation of the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel directly regulates its gating properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13705-10. [PMID: 26483470 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511740112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a major mechanism regulating the activity of ion channels that remains poorly understood with respect to T-type calcium channels (Cav3). These channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that play a key role in cellular excitability and various physiological functions. Their dysfunction has been linked to several neurological disorders, including absence epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Recent studies have revealed that T-type channels are modulated by a variety of serine/threonine protein kinase pathways, which indicates the need for a systematic analysis of T-type channel phosphorylation. Here, we immunopurified Cav3.2 channels from rat brain, and we used high-resolution MS to construct the first, to our knowledge, in vivo phosphorylation map of a voltage-gated calcium channel in a mammalian brain. We identified as many as 34 phosphorylation sites, and we show that the vast majority of these sites are also phosphorylated on the human Cav3.2 expressed in HEK293T cells. In patch-clamp studies, treatment of the channel with alkaline phosphatase as well as analysis of dephosphomimetic mutants revealed that phosphorylation regulates important functional properties of Cav3.2 channels, including voltage-dependent activation and inactivation and kinetics. We also identified that the phosphorylation of a locus situated in the loop I-II S442/S445/T446 is crucial for this regulation. Our data show that Cav3.2 channels are highly phosphorylated in the mammalian brain and establish phosphorylation as an important mechanism involved in the dynamic regulation of Cav3.2 channel gating properties.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lindsey ML, Mayr M, Gomes AV, Delles C, Arrell DK, Murphy AM, Lange RA, Costello CE, Jin YF, Laskowitz DT, Sam F, Terzic A, Van Eyk J, Srinivas PR. Transformative Impact of Proteomics on Cardiovascular Health and Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015. [PMID: 26195497 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The year 2014 marked the 20th anniversary of the coining of the term proteomics. The purpose of this scientific statement is to summarize advances over this period that have catalyzed our capacity to address the experimental, translational, and clinical implications of proteomics as applied to cardiovascular health and disease and to evaluate the current status of the field. Key successes that have energized the field are delineated; opportunities for proteomics to drive basic science research, facilitate clinical translation, and establish diagnostic and therapeutic healthcare algorithms are discussed; and challenges that remain to be solved before proteomic technologies can be readily translated from scientific discoveries to meaningful advances in cardiovascular care are addressed. Proteomics is the result of disruptive technologies, namely, mass spectrometry and database searching, which drove protein analysis from 1 protein at a time to protein mixture analyses that enable large-scale analysis of proteins and facilitate paradigm shifts in biological concepts that address important clinical questions. Over the past 20 years, the field of proteomics has matured, yet it is still developing rapidly. The scope of this statement will extend beyond the reaches of a typical review article and offer guidance on the use of next-generation proteomics for future scientific discovery in the basic research laboratory and clinical settings.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wolfart J, Laker D. Homeostasis or channelopathy? Acquired cell type-specific ion channel changes in temporal lobe epilepsy and their antiepileptic potential. Front Physiol 2015; 6:168. [PMID: 26124723 PMCID: PMC4467176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons continuously adapt the expression and functionality of their ion channels. For example, exposed to chronic excitotoxicity, neurons homeostatically downscale their intrinsic excitability. In contrast, the “acquired channelopathy” hypothesis suggests that proepileptic channel characteristics develop during epilepsy. We review cell type-specific channel alterations under different epileptic conditions and discuss the potential of channels that undergo homeostatic adaptations, as targets for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Most of the relevant studies have been performed on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a widespread AED-refractory, focal epilepsy. The TLE patients, who undergo epilepsy surgery, frequently display hippocampal sclerosis (HS), which is associated with degeneration of cornu ammonis subfield 1 pyramidal cells (CA1 PCs). Although the resected human tissue offers insights, controlled data largely stem from animal models simulating different aspects of TLE and other epilepsies. Most of the cell type-specific information is available for CA1 PCs and dentate gyrus granule cells (DG GCs). Between these two cell types, a dichotomy can be observed: while DG GCs acquire properties decreasing the intrinsic excitability (in TLE models and patients with HS), CA1 PCs develop channel characteristics increasing intrinsic excitability (in TLE models without HS only). However, thorough examination of data on these and other cell types reveals the coexistence of protective and permissive intrinsic plasticity within neurons. These mechanisms appear differentially regulated, depending on the cell type and seizure condition. Interestingly, the same channel molecules that are upregulated in DG GCs during HS-related TLE, appear as promising targets for future AEDs and gene therapies. Hence, GCs provide an example of homeostatic ion channel adaptation which can serve as a primer when designing novel anti-epileptic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wolfart
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Debora Laker
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Herren AW, Weber DM, Rigor RR, Margulies KB, Phinney BS, Bers DM. CaMKII Phosphorylation of Na(V)1.5: Novel in Vitro Sites Identified by Mass Spectrometry and Reduced S516 Phosphorylation in Human Heart Failure. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2298-311. [PMID: 25815641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Na(V)1.5, drives the upstroke of the cardiac action potential and is a critical determinant of myocyte excitability. Recently, calcium (Ca(2+))/calmodulin(CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as a critical regulator of Na(V)1.5 function through phosphorylation of multiple residues including S516, T594, and S571, and these phosphorylation events may be important for the genesis of acquired arrhythmias, which occur in heart failure. However, phosphorylation of full-length human Na(V)1.5 has not been systematically analyzed and Na(V)1.5 phosphorylation in human heart failure is incompletely understood. In the present study, we used label-free mass spectrometry to assess phosphorylation of human Na(V)1.5 purified from HEK293 cells with full coverage of phosphorylatable sites and identified 23 sites that were phosphorylated by CaMKII in vitro. We confirmed phosphorylation of S516 and S571 by LC-MS/MS and found a decrease in S516 phosphorylation in human heart failure, using a novel phospho-specific antibody. This work furthers our understanding of the phosphorylation of Na(V)1.5 by CaMKII under normal and disease conditions, provides novel CaMKII target sites for functional validation, and provides the first phospho-proteomic map of full-length human Na(V)1.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Herren
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darren M Weber
- §UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Robert R Rigor
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- ∥Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brett S Phinney
- §UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Donald M Bers
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Krause U, Alflen C, Steinmetz M, Müller MJ, Quentin T, Paul T. Characterization of maturation of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels SCN1A and SCN8A in rat myocardium. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015; 2:5. [PMID: 26542295 PMCID: PMC4530575 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-015-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium channels predominantly expressed in brain are expressed in myocardial tissue and play an important role in cardiac physiology. Alterations of sodium channels are known to result in neurological disease in infancy and childhood. It will be of interest to study the expression of brain-type sodium channels in the developing myocardium. Methods The expression of neuronal sodium channels (SCN1A, SCN8A) and the cardiac isoform SCN5A in the developing rat myocardium was studied by rtPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry at different stages of antenatal and postnatal development. Results Significant changes of sodium channel expression during development were detected. Whereas SCN5A RNA increased to maximum levels on day 21 after birth, the highest SCN1A RNA levels were detected on day 1 to 7 after birth. SCN8A RNA was maximally expressed during embryonic development. At the protein level, the amount of SCN5A protein increased along with the RNA level. SCN1A protein level decreased after birth in contrast to RNA expression. Western blot could not detect SCN8A protein in the myocardium at any stage of development. Immunohistochemistry however proved the presence of SCN8A protein in the developing rat myocardium. Conclusions Heart- and brain-type sodium channels are differentially expressed during ontogenesis. The high expression level of SCN1A in the perinatal period and early infancy indicates its importance in preserving a regular cardiac rhythm in this early phase of life. Altered regulation of sodium channels might result in severe cardiac rhythm disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Krause
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Alflen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Steinmetz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias J Müller
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Quentin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Paul
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Regulation of the cardiac Na+ channel NaV1.5 by post-translational modifications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:36-47. [PMID: 25748040 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated Na(+) channel, Na(V)1.5, is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cardiomyocytes and for efficient propagation of the electrical impulse in the myocardium. Even subtle alterations of Na(V)1.5 function, as caused by mutations in its gene SCN5A, may lead to many different arrhythmic phenotypes in carrier patients. In addition, acquired malfunctions of Na(V)1.5 that are secondary to cardiac disorders such as heart failure and cardiomyopathies, may also play significant roles in arrhythmogenesis. While it is clear that the regulation of Na(V)1.5 protein expression and function tightly depends on genetic mechanisms, recent studies have demonstrated that Na(V)1.5 is the target of various post-translational modifications that are pivotal not only in physiological conditions, but also in disease. In this review, we examine the recent literature demonstrating glycosylation, phosphorylation by Protein Kinases A and C, Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-dependent protein Kinase II, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Serum- and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinases, Fyn and Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase, methylation, acetylation, redox modifications, and ubiquitylation of Na(V)1.5. Modern and sensitive mass spectrometry approaches, applied directly to channel proteins that were purified from native cardiac tissues, have enabled the determination of the precise location of post-translational modification sites, thus providing essential information for understanding the mechanistic details of these regulations. The current challenge is first, to understand the roles of these modifications on the expression and the function of Na(V)1.5, and second, to further identify other chemical modifications. It is postulated that the diversity of phenotypes observed with Na(V)1.5-dependent disorders may partially arise from the complex post-translational modifications of channel protein components.
Collapse
|
44
|
Simandi Z, Czipa E, Horvath A, Koszeghy A, Bordas C, Póliska S, Juhász I, Imre L, Szabó G, Dezso B, Barta E, Sauer S, Karolyi K, Kovacs I, Hutóczki G, Bognár L, Klekner Á, Szucs P, Bálint BL, Nagy L. PRMT1 and PRMT8 Regulate Retinoic Acid-Dependent Neuronal Differentiation with Implications to Neuropathology. Stem Cells 2015; 33:726-41. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Simandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Erik Czipa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Aron Koszeghy
- Department of Physiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Csilla Bordas
- Department of Physiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - István Juhász
- Department of Dermatology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Department of Surgery and Operative Techniques; Faculty of Dentistry University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - László Imre
- Department of Biophysics and Cell biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Balazs Dezso
- Department of Pathology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Endre Barta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Otto Warburg Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - Katalin Karolyi
- Department of Pathology; Kenézy Hospital and Outpatient Clinic; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovacs
- Department of Pathology; Kenézy Hospital and Outpatient Clinic; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Gábor Hutóczki
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Álmos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Peter Szucs
- Department of Physiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- MTA-DE-NAP B-Pain Control Group; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Bálint L. Bálint
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- MTA-DE “Lendulet” Immunogenomics Research Group; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona; Orlando Florida USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Beltran-Alvarez P, Feixas F, Osuna S, Díaz-Hernández R, Brugada R, Pagans S. Interplay between R513 methylation and S516 phosphorylation of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel. Amino Acids 2014; 47:429-34. [PMID: 25501501 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a novel post-translational modification within the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily, including the cardiac sodium channel, NaV1.5. We show that NaV1.5 R513 methylation decreases S516 phosphorylation rate by 4 orders of magnitude, the first evidence of protein kinase A inhibition by arginine methylation. Reciprocally, S516 phosphorylation blocks R513 methylation. NaV1.5 p.G514C, associated to cardiac conduction disease, abrogates R513 methylation, while leaving S516 phosphorylation rate unchanged. This is the first report of methylation-phosphorylation cross-talk of a cardiac ion channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sosanya NM, Brager DH, Wolfe S, Niere F, Raab-Graham KF. Rapamycin reveals an mTOR-independent repression of Kv1.1 expression during epileptogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:96-105. [PMID: 25270294 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in ion channel expression are implicated in the etiology of epilepsy. However, the molecular leading to long-term aberrant expression of ion channels are not well understood. The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates activity-dependent protein synthesis in neurons. mTOR is overactive in epilepsy, suggesting that excessive protein synthesis may contribute to the neuronal pathology. In contrast, we found that mTOR activity and the microRNA miR-129-5p reduce the expression of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1 in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). When mTOR activity is low, Kv1.1 expression is high and the frequency of behavioral seizures is low. However, as behavioral seizure activity rises, mTOR activity increases and Kv1.1 protein levels drop. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, the reduction in Kv1.1 lowers the threshold for action potential firing. Interestingly, blocking mTOR activity with rapamycin reduces behavioral seizures and temporarily keeps Kv1.1 levels elevated. Overtime, seizure activity increases and Kv1.1 protein decreases in all animals, even those treated with rapamycin. Notably, the concentration of miR-129-5p, the negative regulator of Kv1.1 mRNA translation, increases by 21days post-status epilepticus (SE), sustaining Kv1.1 mRNA translational repression. Our results suggest that following kainic-acid induced status epilepticus there are two phases of Kv1.1 repression: (1) an initial mTOR-dependent repression of Kv1.1 that is followed by (2) a miR-129-5p persistent reduction of Kv1.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Sosanya
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, USA; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Darrin H Brager
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Sarah Wolfe
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin University Station C7000, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Farr Niere
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Kimberly F Raab-Graham
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, USA; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin University Station C7000, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Beltran-Alvarez P, Tarradas A, Chiva C, Pérez-Serra A, Batlle M, Pérez-Villa F, Schulte U, Sabidó E, Brugada R, Pagans S. Identification of N-terminal protein acetylation and arginine methylation of the voltage-gated sodium channel in end-stage heart failure human heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:126-9. [PMID: 25172307 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The α subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, NaV1.5, provides the rapid sodium inward current that initiates cardiomyocyte action potentials. Here, we analyzed for the first time the post-translational modifications of NaV1.5 purified from end-stage heart failure human cardiac tissue. We identified R526 methylation as the major post-translational modification of any NaV1.5 arginine or lysine residue. Unexpectedly, we found that the N terminus of NaV1.5 was: 1) devoid of the initiation methionine, and 2) acetylated at the resulting initial alanine residue. This is the first evidence for N-terminal acetylation in any member of the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily. Our results open the door to explore NaV1.5 N-terminal acetylation and arginine methylation levels as drivers or markers of end-stage heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Anna Tarradas
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Cristina Chiva
- Proteomics Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Serra
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Thorax Institute, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Félix Pérez-Villa
- Thorax Institute, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Logopharm GmbH, 79232 March-Buchheim, Germany
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Proteomics Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Sara Pagans
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|