1
|
Feng Y, Huang Z, Ma X, Zong X, Wu CY, Lee RH, Lin HW, Hamblin MR, Zhang Q. Activation of testosterone-androgen receptor mediates cerebrovascular protection by photobiomodulation treatment in photothrombosis-induced stroke rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14574. [PMID: 38421088 PMCID: PMC10851319 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous epidemiological studies have reported a link between low testosterone levels and an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in men. However, there is ongoing controversy surrounding testosterone replacement therapy due to potential side effects. PBMT has been demonstrated to improve cerebrovascular function and promote testosterone synthesis in peripheral tissues. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms that could connect PBMT with testosterone and vascular function in the brain of photothrombosis (PT)-induced stroke rats remain largely unknown. METHODS We measured behavioral performance, cerebral blood flow (CBF), vascular permeability, and the expression of vascular-associated and apoptotic proteins in PT-induced stroke rats treated with flutamide and seven consecutive days of PBM treatment (350 mW, 808 nM, 2 min/day). To gain further insights into the mechanism of PBM on testosterone synthesis, we used testosterone synthesis inhibitors to study their effects on bEND.3 cells. RESULTS We showed that PT stroke caused a decrease in cerebrovascular testosterone concentration, which was significantly increased by 7-day PBMT (808 nm, 350 mW/cm2 , 42 J/cm2 ). Furthermore, PBMT significantly increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the expression of vascular-associated proteins, while inhibiting vascular permeability and reducing endothelial cell apoptosis. This ultimately mitigated behavioral deficits in PT stroke rats. Notably, treatment with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide reversed the beneficial effects of PBMT. Cellular experiments confirmed that PBMT inhibited cell apoptosis and increased vascular-associated protein expression in brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). However, these effects were inhibited by flutamide. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that PBMT-induced testosterone synthesis in bEnd.3 cells was partly mediated by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 5 (17β-HSD5). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that PBMT attenuates cerebrovascular injury and behavioral deficits associated with testosterone/AR following ischemic stroke. Our findings suggest that PBMT may be a promising alternative approach for managing cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Celeste Yin‐Chieh Wu
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Reggie Hui‐Chao Lee
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marquez-Ortiz RA, Tesic V, Hernandez DR, Akhter B, Aich N, Boudreaux PM, Clemons GA, Wu CYC, Lin HW, Rodgers KM. Neuroimmune Support of Neuronal Regeneration and Neuroplasticity following Cerebral Ischemia in Juvenile Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1337. [PMID: 37759938 PMCID: PMC10526826 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage to the brain and loss of neurons contribute to functional disabilities in many stroke survivors. Recovery of neuroplasticity is critical to restoration of function and improved quality of life. Stroke and neurological deficits occur in both adults and children, and yet it is well documented that the developing brain has remarkable plasticity which promotes increased post-ischemic functional recovery compared with adults. However, the mechanisms underlying post-stroke recovery in the young brain have not been fully explored. We observed opposing responses to experimental cerebral ischemia in juvenile and adult mice, with substantial neural regeneration and enhanced neuroplasticity detected in the juvenile brain that was not found in adults. We demonstrate strikingly different stroke-induced neuroimmune responses that are deleterious in adults and protective in juveniles, supporting neural regeneration and plasticity. Understanding age-related differences in neuronal repair and regeneration, restoration of neural network function, and neuroimmune signaling in the stroke-injured brain may offer new insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for stroke rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricaurte A. Marquez-Ortiz
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
| | - Daniel R. Hernandez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Bilkis Akhter
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Nibedita Aich
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Porter M. Boudreaux
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Garrett A. Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
| | - Krista M. Rodgers
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Acosta CH, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Carr WC, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Sanicola HW, Freelin AH, Toms JB, Jordan JD, Guthikonda B, Rodgers KM, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Lin HW. PRMT7 can prevent neurovascular uncoupling, blood-brain barrier permeability, and mitochondrial dysfunction in repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 366:114445. [PMID: 37196697 PMCID: PMC10960645 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprises the largest percentage of TBI-related injuries, with pathophysiological and functional deficits that persist in a subset of TBI patients. In our three-hit paradigm of repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), we observed neurovascular uncoupling via decreased red blood cell velocity, microvessel diameter, and leukocyte rolling velocity 3 days post-rmTBI via intra-vital two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, our data suggest increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (leakage), with corresponding decrease in junctional protein expression post-rmTBI. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (measured via Seahorse XFe24) were also altered 3 days post-rmTBI, along with disrupted mitochondrial dynamics of fission and fusion. Overall, these pathophysiological findings correlated with decreased protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) protein levels and activity post-rmTBI. Here, we increased PRMT7 levels in vivo to assess the role of the neurovasculature and mitochondria post-rmTBI. In vivo overexpression of PRMT7 using a neuronal specific AAV vector led to restoration of neurovascular coupling, prevented BBB leakage, and promoted mitochondrial respiration, altogether to suggest a protective and functional role of PRMT7 in rmTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - William C Carr
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Mariana Sayuri Berto Udo
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Henry W Sanicola
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Anne H Freelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Jamie B Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Bharat Guthikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acosta CH, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Carr WC, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Sanicola HW, Freelin AH, Toms JB, Jordan JD, Guthikonda B, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Lin HW. A role for protein arginine methyltransferase 7 in repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2023; 166:105524. [PMID: 37030326 PMCID: PMC10988608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury affects the largest proportion of individuals in the United States and world-wide. Pre-clinical studies of repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) have been limited in their ability to recapitulate human pathology (i.e. diffuse rotational injury). We used the closed-head impact model of engineered rotation acceleration (CHIMERA) to simulate rotational injury observed in patients and to study the pathological outcomes post-rmTBI using C57BL/6J mice. Enhanced cytokine production was observed in both the cortex and hippocampus to suggest neuroinflammation. Furthermore, microglia were assessed via enhanced iba1 protein levels and morphological changes using immunofluorescence. In addition, LC/MS analyses revealed excess glutamate production, as well as diffuse axonal injury via Bielschowsky's silver stain kit. Moreover, the heterogeneous nature of rmTBI has made it challenging to identify drug therapies that address rmTBI, therefore we sought to identify novel targets in the concurrent rmTBI pathology. The pathophysiological findings correlated with a time-dependent decrease in protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) protein expression and activity post-rmTBI along with dysregulation of PRMT upstream mediators s-adenosylmethionine and methionine adenosyltransferase 2 (MAT2) in vivo. In addition, inhibition of the upstream mediator MAT2A using the HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line suggest a mechanistic role for PRMT7 via MAT2A in vitro. Collectively, we have identified PRMT7 as a novel target in rmTBI pathology in vivo and a mechanistic link between PRMT7 and upstream mediator MAT2A in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - William C Carr
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Henry W Sanicola
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Anne H Freelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jamie B Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Bharat Guthikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng Y, Yang L, Ma X, Huang Z, Zong X, Citadin CT, Lin HW, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation treatment inhibits neurotoxic astrocytic polarization and protects neurons in in vitro and in vivo stroke models. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105464. [PMID: 36539162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on function recovery after stroke have been well-established, while its molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of PBM on synaptic proteins and astrocyte polarization of photothrombotic (PT)-stroke induced rats in vivo, and explore the possible effect of PBM treatment on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neurotoxic astrocytic polarization in vitro. We reported that 2-min PBM treatment (808 nm) for 7 days significantly increased synaptic proteins and neuroprotective astrocytic marker S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10 (S100A10) and inhibited neurotoxic astrocytic marker C3d in the peri-infarct region after ischemic stroke. Cell culture studies of primary cortical neurons and N2a cells showed that single-dose PBM treatment could increase cellular viability, regulate the apoptotic proteins (Caspase 9, Bcl-xL and BAX) and preserve synaptic proteins following OGD exposure. Additionly, PBM decreased the levels of C3d, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) on astrocytes exposed to OGD. In summary, we demonstrated that PBM could inhibit neurotoxic astrocytic polarization, preserve synaptic integrity and protect neurons against stroke injury both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Cristiane Teresinha Citadin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin HW, Tan XH, Zhang JQ, Luo LX. [Impact of capsular tension ring implantation in cataract patients with high myopia]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:979-983. [PMID: 36348545 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220309-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The capsular tension ring (CTR) can stabilize the capsule, support the lax zonules, and inhibit the proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells. Clinically, CTR is mostly used in patients with zonular weakness, which can improve the stability of intraocular lens (IOL) and reduce the incidence of posterior capsular opacity (PCO). The relatively large capsular bag volume, zonular weakness in cataract patients with high myopia may increase the instability of IOL and PCO. Therefore, many clinicians have implanted CTR in cataract patients with high myopia. In this review, we summarized the application of CTR in cataract patients with high myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - X H Tan
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J Q Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - L X Luo
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen CY, Li YH, Lee CH, Lin HW, Lin SH. Legacy effects of infection in patients with heart failure: a national cohort study of 31,318 patients in Taiwan. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although infection is a common cause of hospitalization in patients (pts) with heart failure (HF), the long-term cardiovascular (CV) prognosis in HF after infection is not well studied.
Methods and results
From 2009 to 2015, 310,485 pts with their first HF admissions and survival to discharge were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Among the pts, 103,505 (33.3%) were readmitted within 1 year after HF discharge for infection, including pneumonia (44.2%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (37.9%), skin and soft tissue infections (9.7%), and others (8.1%). Those without admission for any infection were controls. We compared the primary composite endpoint, including all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and hospitalization for HF (HHF) between the 2 groups after the infection episode. After propensity score matching, the clinical characteristics (age 71.7±13.9 years, male 52.0%) and treatment were similar between the groups (n=15,659 in each group). In a mean follow-up time of 4.3±2.9 years, 86.2% pts with a history of infection admission and 63.6% pts in the control group met the primary endpoint. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed the infection group had a higher risk of the primary composite endpoint (HR 1.760, 95% CI 1.714–1.807), including all-cause death (HR 1.587, 95% CI: 1.540–1.636), HHF (HR 1.993, 95% CI 1.922–2.066), AMI (HR 1.332, 95% CI 1.224–1.450), and stroke (HR 1.769, 95% CI 1.664–1.882). In infection group, HHF was the earliest outcome event with a mean time of 17.5 months and mortality is the second early event with a mean time of 23 months after discharge from the infection episode. Pneumonia carried a higher risk than UTI for the primary composite endpoint (HR 1.140, 95% CI 1.104–1.178).
Conclusions
One-third of HF pts discharged from the hospital experienced acute infection that required readmission. The pts had worse CV prognosis after readmission for infectious disease compared to those without infection
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): This study is supported by National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chen
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Y H Li
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - C H Lee
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - H W Lin
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - S H Lin
- National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clemons GA, Silva ACE, Acosta CH, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Rodgers KM, Wu CYC, Citadin CT, Lee RHC, Neumann JT, Allani S, Prentice H, Zhang Q, Lin HW. Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 modulates nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2022:10.1002/jcp.30858. [PMID: 36036549 PMCID: PMC9971360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of mortality, disability, and long-term care burden in the United States, with women comprising the majority of AD diagnoses. While AD-related dementia is associated with tau and amyloid beta accumulation, concurrent derangements in cerebral blood flow have been observed alongside these proteinopathies in humans and rodent models. The homeostatic production of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) becomes uncoupled in AD which leads to decreased NO-mediated vasodilation and oxidative stress via the production of peroxynitrite (ONOO-∙) superoxide species. Here, we investigate the role of the novel protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) enzyme function and its downstream product asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) as it relates to NOS dysregulation and cerebral blood flow in AD. ADMA (type-1 PRMT product) has been shown to bind NOS as a noncanonic ligand causing enzymatic dysfunction. Our results from RT-qPCR and protein analyses suggest that aged (9-12 months) female mice bearing tau- and amyloid beta-producing transgenic mutations (3xTg-AD) express higher levels of PRMT4 in the hippocampus when compared to age- and sex-matched C57BL6/J mice. In addition, we performed studies to quantify the expression and activity of different NOS isoforms. Furthermore, laser speckle contrast imaging analysis was indicative that 3xTg-AD mice have dysfunctional NOS activity, resulting in reduced production of NO metabolites, enhanced production of free-radical ONOO-, and decreased cerebral blood flow. Notably, the aforementioned phenomena can be reversed via pharmacologic PRMT4 inhibition. Together, these findings implicate the potential importance of PRMT4 signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's-related cerebrovascular derangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mariana Sayuri Berto Udo
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shailaja Allani
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Howard Prentice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang L, Wu C, Li Y, Dong Y, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Brann DW, Lin HW, Zhang Q. Long-term exercise pre-training attenuates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2022; 44:1457-1477. [PMID: 35229257 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Despite enormous efforts around the world, there remains no effective cure for AD. This study was performed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise pretreatment on the typical pathology of AD in a novel transgenic AD rat model. Male 2-month-old animals were divided into the following groups: wild-type (WT) rats, AD rats, and AD rats with treadmill exercise pretreatment (AD-Exe). After exercise pretreatment, the Barnes maze task, passive avoidance task, and cued fear conditioning test were performed to test learning and memory function. The elevated plus maze, open field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test were conducted to measure anxious-depressive-like behavior. Immunofluorescence staining, Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, F-Jade C staining, TUNEL staining, and related assay kits were conducted to measure Aβ plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal damage, neuronal degeneration, dendritic spine density, synapses, synaptic vesicles, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial dynamic, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Behavioral tests revealed that long-term exercise pretreatment significantly alleviated learning and memory dysfunction and anxious-depressive-like behaviors in AD animals. In addition, exercise pretreatment attenuated amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation and preserved spine density, synapses, and presynaptic vesicles. Exercise also inhibited neuronal damage, neuronal apoptosis, and neuronal degeneration. Additional studies revealed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics was significantly inhibited by exercise pretreatment accompanied by a remarkable suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that long-term exercise pretreatment alleviated behavioral deficits and typical pathologies of the AD rat model, supporting long-term exercise pretreatment as a potential approach to delay the progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang L, Wu C, Parker E, Li Y, Dong Y, Tucker L, Brann DW, Lin HW, Zhang Q. Non-invasive photobiomodulation treatment in an Alzheimer Disease-like transgenic rat model. Theranostics 2022; 12:2205-2231. [PMID: 35265207 PMCID: PMC8899582 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, causing neuronal degeneration and cognitive deficits that significantly impair independence and quality of life for those affected and their families. Though AD is a major neurodegenerative disease with vast avenues of investigation, there is no effective treatment to cure AD or slow disease progression. The present work evaluated the therapeutic effect of long-term photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment with continuous-wave low-level laser on AD and its underlying mechanism. Methods: PBM was implemented for 2 min, 3 times per week for 16 months in 2-month-old transgenic AD rats. A battery of behavioral tests was performed to measure the effect of PBM treatment on cognitive dysfunction in AD rats. The effects of PBM therapy on typical AD pathologies, including amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, neuronal injury, neuronal apoptosis, and neurodegeneration, were then assessed. The underlying mechanisms were measured using immunofluorescence staining, western blotting analysis, mass spectrometry, primary cortical and hippocampal cell cultures, and related assay kits. Results: PBM treatment significantly improved the typical AD pathologies of memory loss, amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal degeneration, spine damage, and synaptic loss. PBM treatment had several mechanistic effects which may explain these beneficial effects, including 1) regulation of glial cell polarization and inhibition of neuroinflammation, 2) preservation of mitochondrial dynamics by regulating fission and fusion proteins, and 3) suppression of oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Furthermore, PBM enhanced recruitment of microglia surrounding amyloid plaques by improving the expression of microglial IL-3Rα and astrocytic IL-3, which implies a potential role of PBM in improving Aβ clearance. Finally, our results implicate neuronal hemoglobin in mediating the neuroprotective effect of PBM, as Hbα knockdown abolished the neuroprotective effect of PBM treatment. Conclusion: Collectively, our data supports the potential use of PBM treatment to prevent or slow the progression of AD and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PBM therapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Couto E Silva A, Wu CYC, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, Chen CT, Possoit HE, Citadin CT, Lee RHC, Brown JI, Frankel A, Lin HW. Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuroinflammation after hypoxic stress. J Neurochem 2021; 159:742-761. [PMID: 34216036 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes involved in gene regulation and protein/histone modifications. PRMT8 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, specifically within the cellular membrane and synaptic vesicles. Recently, PRMT8 has been described to play key roles in neuronal signaling such as a regulator of dendritic arborization, synaptic function and maturation, and neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Here, we examined the role of PRMT8 in response to hypoxia-induced stress in brain metabolism. Our results from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and protein analyses indicate that PRMT8(-/-) knockout mice presented with altered membrane phospholipid composition, decreased mitochondrial stress capacity, and increased neuroinflammatory markers, such as TNF-α and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia/macrophage activation) after hypoxic stress. Furthermore, adenovirus-based overexpression of PRMT8 reversed the changes in membrane phospholipid composition, mitochondrial stress capacity, and neuroinflammatory markers. Together, our findings establish PRMT8 as an important regulatory component of membrane phospholipid composition, short-term memory function, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation in response to hypoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chuck T Chen
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - HarLee E Possoit
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee RHC, Wu CYC, Citadin CT, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, de la Llama VA, Neumann JT, Lin HW. Activation of Neuropeptide Y2 Receptor Can Inhibit Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:97-112. [PMID: 34019239 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) can greatly impact a patient's life, causing long-term disability and death. Although multi-faceted treatment strategies against CA have improved survival rates, the prognosis of CA remains poor. We previously reported asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) can cause excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the brain, which contributes to cerebral blood flow (CBF) derangements such as hypoperfusion and, consequently, neurological deficits. Here, we report excessive activation of the SNS can cause enhanced neuropeptide Y levels. In fact, mRNA and protein levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY, a 36-amino acid neuropeptide) in the hippocampus were elevated after ACA-induced SNS activation, resulting in a reduced blood supply to the brain. Post-treatment with peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), a pre-synaptic NPY2 receptor agonist, after ACA inhibited NPY release and restored brain circulation. Moreover, PYY3-36 decreased neuroinflammatory cytokines, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, and improved neuronal survival and neurological outcomes. Overall, NPY is detrimental during/after ACA, but attenuation of NPY release via PYY3-36 affords neuroprotection. The consequences of PYY3-36 inhibit ACA-induced 1) hypoperfusion, 2) neuroinflammation, 3) mitochondrial dysfunction, 4) neuronal cell death, and 5) neurological deficits. The present study provides novel insights to further our understanding of NPY's role in ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Harlee E Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Victoria A de la Llama
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA. .,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu CYC, Couto E Silva A, Citadin CT, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, Knox BA, Grames MS, Rodgers KM, Lee RHC, Lin HW. Palmitic acid methyl ester inhibits cardiac arrest-induced neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 165:102227. [PMID: 33445063 PMCID: PMC8174449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) is a potent vasodilator released from the sympathetic ganglion with vasoactive properties. Post-treatment with PAME can enhance cortical cerebral blood flow and functional learning and memory, while inhibiting neuronal cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus under pathological conditions (i.e. cerebral ischemia). Since mechanisms underlying PAME-mediated neuroprotection remain unclear, we investigated the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of PAME after 6 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA, an animal model of global cerebral ischemia). Our results from capillary-based immunoassay (for the detection of proteins) and cytokine array suggest that PAME (0.02 mg/kg) can decrease neuroinflammatory markers, such as ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia/macrophage activation) and inflammatory cytokines after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Additionally, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and respiratory function in the hippocampal slices were restored following ACA (via Seahorse XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer) suggesting that PAME can ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, hippocampal protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and PRMT8 are enhanced in the presence of PAME to suggest a possible pathway of methylated fatty acids to modulate arginine-based enzymatic methylation. Altogether, our findings suggest that PAME can provide neuroprotection in the presence of ACA to alleviate neuroinflammation and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Brianne A Knox
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mychal S Grames
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee RHC, Grames MS, Wu CYC, Lien CF, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Neumann JT, Pastore D, Lauro D, Della-Morte D, Lin HW. Upregulation of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 exacerbates brain injury and neurological deficits after cardiac arrest. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1044-H1050. [PMID: 32946263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00399.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. CA-induced brain injury is influenced by multifactorial processes, including reduced cerebral blood flow (hypoperfusion) and neuroinflammation, which can lead to neuronal cell death and functional deficits. We have identified serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) as a new target in brain ischemia previously described in the heart, liver, and kidneys (i.e., diabetes and hypertension). Our data suggest brain SGK1 mRNA and protein expression (i.e., hippocampus), presented with hypoperfusion (low cerebral blood flow) and neuroinflammation, leading to further studies of the potential role of SGK1 in CA-induced brain injury. We used a 6-min asphyxia cardiac arrest (ACA) rat model to induce global cerebral ischemia. Modulation of SGK1 was implemented via GSK650394, a SGK1-specific inhibitor (1.2 μg/kg icv). Accordingly, treatment with GSK650394 attenuated cortical hypoperfusion and neuroinflammation (via Iba1 expression) after ACA, whereas neuronal survival was enhanced in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Learning/memory deficits were observed 3 days after ACA but ameliorated with GSK650394. In conclusion, SGK1 is a major contributor to ACA-induced brain injury and neurological deficits, while inhibition of SGK1 with GSK650394 provided neuroprotection against CA-induced hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and learning/memory deficits. Our studies could lead to a novel, therapeutic target for alleviating brain injury following cerebral ischemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Upregulation of SGK1 exacerbates brain injury during cerebral ischemia. Inhibition of SGK1 affords neuroprotection against cardiac arrest-induced hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and neurological deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Mychal S Grames
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Chih-Feng Lien
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - HarLee E Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome. Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome. Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome. Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome. Italy.,Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen PY, Wu CYC, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Azizbayeva R, Forren NE, Liu CH, Rao KNS, Krzywanski DM, Lee RHC, Neumann JT, Lin HW. Stearic acid methyl ester affords neuroprotection and improves functional outcomes after cardiac arrest. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 159:102138. [PMID: 32663656 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest causes neuronal damage and functional impairments that can result in learning/memory dysfunction after ischemia. We previously identified a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid methyl ester, SAME) that was released from the superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic ganglion). The function of stearic acid methyl ester is currently unknown. Here, we show that SAME can inhibit the detrimental effects of global cerebral ischemia (i.e. cardiac arrest). Treatment with SAME in the presence of asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) revived learning and working memory deficits. Similarly, SAME-treated hippocampal slices after oxygen-glucose deprivation inhibited neuronal cell death. Moreover, SAME afforded neuroprotection against ACA in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, reduced ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 expression and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, with restoration in mitochondria respiration. Altogether, we describe a unique and uncharted role of saturated fatty acids in the brain that may have important implications against cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Chen
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; PhD. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Harlee E Possoit
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Rinata Azizbayeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, West Virginia University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Nathan E Forren
- Department of Biomedical Science, West Virginia University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Chin-Hung Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; PhD. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - K N Shashanka Rao
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - David M Krzywanski
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Science, West Virginia University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu CYC, Lopez-Toledano MA, Daak AA, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Sancilio FD, Rabinowicz AL, Minagar A, Neumann JT, Lee RHC, Lin HW. SC411 treatment can enhance survival in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 158:102110. [PMID: 32447175 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common inherited blood disorder among African Americans affecting 70,000-100,000 individuals in the United States. It is characterized by abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) which develops into severe hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive crisis. Therefore, patients with SCD suffer from a chronic state of inflammation, which is responsible for multiple organ damage, ischemic attacks, and premature death. Another major hallmark of SCD patients is the abnormally low levels of omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in their red blood cell membranes. Treatment with DHA can reduce red blood cell adhesion and enhance cerebral blood flow, thus, our main goal is to investigate the effect of SC411, which is a novel, highly purified DHA ethyl ester formulation with a proprietary delivery platform in SCD. Utilizing a transgenic mouse model of SCD (HbSS-Townes) and recurrent hypoxic challenges (10%O2, 0.5% CO2 and balance N2 for 3 h) to mimic ischemic-like conditions, our data suggest that SC411 can elevate blood DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels after 8 weeks of treatment. SC411 can also decrease arachidonic acid (AA) and sickling of red blood cells. In addition, SC411-treated SCD mice showed presented with cerebral blood flow, alleviated neuroinflammation, and revived working memory which ultimately enhanced overall survival. In summary, this study suggests that treatment with SC411 improves cellular and functional outcomes in SCD mice. This finding may provide novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment against ischemic injury elicited by SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Y C Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Miguel A Lopez-Toledano
- Sancilio & Company, Inc, Stuart, FL, USA; Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CMBB), Florida Atlantic University, USA
| | - Ahmed A Daak
- Sancilio & Company, Inc, Stuart, FL, USA; Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CMBB), Florida Atlantic University, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Frederick D Sancilio
- Sancilio & Company, Inc, Stuart, FL, USA; Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CMBB), Florida Atlantic University, USA
| | - Adrian L Rabinowicz
- Sancilio & Company, Inc, Stuart, FL, USA; Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CMBB), Florida Atlantic University, USA
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Deaprtment of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Reggie H C Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee RHC, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Lerner FM, Chen PY, Azizbayeva R, Citadin CT, Wu CYC, Neumann JT, Lin HW. Palmitic acid methyl ester is a novel neuroprotective agent against cardiac arrest. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 147:6-14. [PMID: 30514597 PMCID: PMC6533160 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously discovered that palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) is a potent vasodilator first identified and released from the superior cervical ganglion and remain understudied. Thus, we investigated PAME's role in modulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuroprotection after 6 min of cardiac arrest (model of global cerebral ischemia). Our results suggest that PAME can enhance CBF under normal physiological conditions, while administration of PAME (0.02 mg/kg) immediately after cardiopulmonary resuscitation can also enhance CBF in vivo. Additionally, functional learning and spatial memory assessments (via T-maze) 3 days after asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) suggest that PAME-treated rats have improved learning and memory recovery versus ACA alone. Furthermore, improved neuronal survival in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were observed in PAME-treated, ACA-induced rats. Altogether, our findings suggest that PAME can enhance CBF, alleviate neuronal cell death, and promote functional outcomes in the presence of ACA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - HarLee E Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Francesca M Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Po-Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rinata Azizbayeva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neumann J, Van Allen J, Azizbayeva R, Lin HW. Palmitic acid methyl ester directly induces hippocampal neuroprotection against oxygen and glucose deprivation. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.500.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Neumann
- Biomedical SciencesWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWV
| | - Joshua Van Allen
- Biomedical SciencesWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWV
| | - Rinata Azizbayeva
- Biomedical SciencesWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWV
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Science CenterShreveportLA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin HW, HuangFu H, Li YJ, Han R. [Particulate matter pollution and allergic rhinitis]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:285-288. [PMID: 30813706 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Summary Outdoor air pollution has become a major environmental health problem throughout the world. In particular, exposure to particulate matter(PM) has been associated with the development and exacerbation of allergic rhinitis(AR). Although the adverse health effects of PM have been demonstrated for many years, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully identified. In this review, we refer to recently published literature to describe the composition of PM, the epidemiological evidence of PM-induced AR, and the possible immune mechanisms of PM-induced AR.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although stroke (a form of cerebral ischemia)-related costs are expected to reach 240.67 billion dollars by 2030, options for treatment against cerebral ischemia/stroke are limited. All therapies except anti-thrombolytics (i.e., tissue plasminogen activator) and hypothermia have failed to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits, and mortality rates following cerebral ischemia, which suggests that development of novel therapies against stroke/cerebral ischemia are urgently needed. Here, we discuss the possible mechanism(s) underlying cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury, as well as current and future novel therapies (i.e., growth factors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, melatonin, resveratrol, protein kinase C isozymes, pifithrin, hypothermia, fatty acids, sympathoplegic drugs, and stem cells) as it relates to cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reggie H. C. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Michelle H. H. Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, China
| | - Celeste Y. C. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto e Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Harlee E. Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu CYC, Lerner FM, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Hsieh TH, Neumann JT, Minagar A, Lin HW, Lee RHC. Utilizing the Modified T-Maze to Assess Functional Memory Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest. J Vis Exp 2018:56694. [PMID: 29364254 PMCID: PMC5908446 DOI: 10.3791/56694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating mild to moderate cognitive impairment in a global cerebral ischemia (i.e. cardiac arrest) model can be difficult due to poor locomotion after surgery. For example, rats who undergo surgical procedures and are subjected to the Morris water maze may not be able to swim, thus voiding the experiment. New Method: We established a modified behavioral spontaneous alternation T-maze test. The major advantage of the modified T-maze protocol is its relatively simple design that is powerful enough to assess functional learning/memory after ischemia. Additionally, the data analysis is simple and straightforward. We used the T-maze to determine the rats' learning/memory deficits both in the presence or absence of mild to moderate (6 min) asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA). Rats have a natural tendency for exploration and will explore the alternate arms in the T-maze, whereas hippocampal-lesioned rats tend to adopt a side-preference resulting in decreased spontaneous alternation ratios, revealing the hippocampal-related functional learning/memory in the presence or absence of ACA. RESULTS ACA groups have higher side-preference ratios and lower alternations as compared to control. Comparison with Existing Method(s): The Morris water and Barnes maze are more prominent for assessing learning/memory function. However, the Morris water maze is more stressful than other mazes. The Barnes maze is widely used to measure reference (long-term) memory, while ACA-induced neurocognitive deficits are more closely related to working (short-term) memory. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a simple, yet effective strategy to delineate working (short-term) memory via the T-maze in our global cerebral ischemia model (ACA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Y C Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center
| | - Francesca M Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center
| | - Harlee E Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center
| | - Reggie H C Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center; Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yeh CH, Huang HC, Chang KS, Chen CJ, Yang ML, Tsai SL, Lin HW, Kuan YH. Yi-Chi-Tsung-Ming-Tang Reduced A?(1-40)-induced Neurotoxicity via of Acetylcholine and NMDA Receptors Expression, ROS Generation and Tau Phosphorylation. Indian J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
23
|
Lee RH, Couto E Silva A, Lerner FM, Wilkins CS, Valido SE, Klein DD, Wu CY, Neumann JT, Della-Morte D, Koslow SH, Minagar A, Lin HW. Interruption of perivascular sympathetic nerves of cerebral arteries offers neuroprotection against ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H182-H188. [PMID: 27864234 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00482.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system activity is increased after cardiopulmonary arrest, resulting in vasoconstrictor release from the perivascular sympathetic nerves of cerebral arteries. However, the pathophysiological function of the perivascular sympathetic nerves in the ischemic brain remains unclear. A rat model of global cerebral ischemia (asphyxial cardiac arrest, ACA) was used to investigate perivascular sympathetic nerves of cerebral arteries via bilateral decentralization (preganglionic lesion) of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Decentralization of the SCG 5 days before ACA alleviated hypoperfusion and afforded hippocampal neuroprotection and improved functional outcomes. These studies can provide further insights into the functional mechanism(s) of the sympathetic nervous system during ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interruption of the perivascular sympathetic nerves can alleviate CA-induced hypoperfusion and neuronal cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus to enhance functional learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reggie H Lee
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Francesca M Lerner
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Carl S Wilkins
- Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stephen E Valido
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Daniel D Klein
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Celeste Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata; and.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephen H Koslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; .,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cohan CH, Neumann JT, Dave KR, Alekseyenko A, Binkert M, Stransky K, Lin HW, Barnes CA, Wright CB, Perez-Pinzon MA. Effect of cardiac arrest on cognitive impairment and hippocampal plasticity in middle-aged rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124918. [PMID: 25933411 PMCID: PMC4416883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States that usually occurs in the aged population. Cardiac arrest (CA) induces global ischemia, disrupting global cerebral circulation that results in ischemic brain injury and leads to cognitive impairments in survivors. Ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus following CA can result in the impairment of cognitive function including spatial memory. In the present study, we used a model of asphyxial CA (ACA) in nine month old male Fischer 344 rats to investigate cognitive and synaptic deficits following mild global cerebral ischemia. These experiments were performed with the goals of 1) establishing a model of CA in nine month old middle-aged rats; and 2) to test the hypothesis that learning and memory deficits develop following mild global cerebral ischemia in middle-aged rats. To test this hypothesis, spatial memory assays (Barnes circular platform maze and contextual fear conditioning) and field recordings (long-term potentiation and paired-pulse facilitation) were performed. We show that following ACA in nine month old middle-aged rats, there is significant impairment in spatial memory formation, paired-pulse facilitation n dysfunction, and a reduction in the number of non-compromised hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 and subiculum neurons. In conclusion, nine month old animals undergoing cardiac arrest have impaired survival, deficits in spatial memory formation, and synaptic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Cohan
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jake T. Neumann
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Alekseyenko
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marc Binkert
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Stransky
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute; ARL Division of Neural Systems, Memory & Aging; Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beane SR, Chang E, Cohen S, Detmold W, Lin HW, Orginos K, Parreño A, Savage MJ, Tiburzi BC. Magnetic moments of light nuclei from lattice quantum chromodynamics. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:252001. [PMID: 25554875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.252001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of lattice QCD calculations of the magnetic moments of the lightest nuclei, the deuteron, the triton, and ^{3}He, along with those of the neutron and proton. These calculations, performed at quark masses corresponding to m_{π}∼800 MeV, reveal that the structure of these nuclei at unphysically heavy quark masses closely resembles that at the physical quark masses. In particular, we find that the magnetic moment of ^{3}He differs only slightly from that of a free neutron, as is the case in nature, indicating that the shell-model configuration of two spin-paired protons and a valence neutron captures its dominant structure. Similarly a shell-model-like moment is found for the triton, μ_{^{3}H}∼μ_{p}. The deuteron magnetic moment is found to be equal to the nucleon isoscalar moment within the uncertainties of the calculations. Furthermore, deviations from the Schmidt limits are also found to be similar to those in nature for these nuclei. These findings suggest that at least some nuclei at these unphysical quark masses are describable by a phenomenological nuclear shell model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Beane
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Box 351560, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Box 351560, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA and Institute for Nuclear Theory, Box 351550, Seattle, Washington 98195-1550, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Box 351560, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA and Institute for Nuclear Theory, Box 351550, Seattle, Washington 98195-1550, USA
| | - W Detmold
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H W Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Box 351560, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K Orginos
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA and Jefferson Laboratory, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Parreño
- Dept. d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria. Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICC), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès 1, E08028-Spain
| | - M J Savage
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Box 351560, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA and Institute for Nuclear Theory, Box 351550, Seattle, Washington 98195-1550, USA
| | - B C Tiburzi
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA and Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA and RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin HW, Lin CH, Chang CK, Chou CY, Chao PT, Hsu CN, Chang LY, Hsieh YW, Hung JS, Huang WL, Cho DY. Trends of Hypnotic Medication Use in A 2000-Bed Medical Center in Taiwan. Value Health 2014; 17:A721. [PMID: 27202554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C K Chang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Chou
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P T Chao
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C N Hsu
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - L Y Chang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y W Hsieh
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J S Hung
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W L Huang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - D Y Cho
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin HW, Perez-Pinzon M. The role of fatty acids in the regulation of cerebral vascular function and neuroprotection in ischemia. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2014; 12:316-24. [PMID: 23469852 DOI: 10.2174/1871527311312030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral circulation is tightly regulated by vasoactive substances. There is a delicate balance among vasoconstriction and vasodilation factors. During ischemia/stroke, cerebral blood flow autoregulation may be compromised triggering hyperemia (early phase) or hypoperfusion (late phase or post-ischemia) deranging cerebral blood flow that can lead to subsequent neuronal cell death due to blood flow abnormalities. Traditional vasoactive mediators such as nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide have been well-documented to provide vasodilation and neuroprotection in the ischemic brain. An emerging field is the identification of fatty acids (polyunsaturated or saturated) that can lead to vasodilation possibly causing neuroprotection. This review investigates fatty acids such as palmitic acid methyl ester, α-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid as novel vasoactive substances that can modulate cerebral blood flow as well as offer neuroprotection after ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin HW, Saul I, Gresia VL, Neumann JT, Dave KR, Perez-Pinzon MA. Fatty acid methyl esters and Solutol HS 15 confer neuroprotection after focal and global cerebral ischemia. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:109-17. [PMID: 24323706 PMCID: PMC3948321 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) and stearic acid methyl ester (SAME) are simultaneously released from the sympathetic ganglion and PAME possesses potent vasodilatory properties which may be important in cerebral ischemia. Since PAME is a potent vasodilator simultaneously released with SAME, our hypothesis was that PAME/SAME confers neuroprotection in rat models of focal/global cerebral ischemia. We also examined the neuroprotective properties of Solutol HS15, a clinically approved excipient because it possesses similar fatty acid compositions as PAME/SAME. Asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA, 6 min) was performed 30 min after PAME/SAME treatment (0.02 mg/kg, IV). Solutol HS15 (2 ml/kg, IP) was injected chronically for 14 days (once daily). Histopathology of hippocampal CA1 neurons was assessed 7 days after ACA. For focal ischemia experiments, PAME, SAME, or Solutol HS15 was administered following reperfusion after 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium staining of the brain was performed 24 h after MCAO and the infarct volume was quantified. Following ACA, the number of surviving hippocampal neurons was enhanced by PAME-treated (68%), SAME-treated (69%), and Solutol-treated HS15 (68%) rats as compared to ACA only-treated groups. Infarct volume was decreased by PAME (83%), SAME (68%), and Solutol HS15 (78%) as compared to saline (vehicle) in MCAO-treated animals. PAME, SAME, and Solutol HS15 provide robust neuroprotection in both paradigms of ischemia. This may prove therapeutically beneficial since Solutol HS15 is already administered as a solublizing agent to patients. With proper timing and dosage, administration of Solutol HS15 and PAME/SAME can be an effective therapy against cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Wen Lin
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Medical Campus, Locator: D4-5, 1420 N.W. 9th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin HW, Rundek T, Yoshida T. Letter by Lin et al regarding article, "Nitric oxide scavenging of red blood cell microparticles and cell-free hemoglobin as a mechanism for the red cell storage lesion". Circulation 2012; 125:e384. [PMID: 22354984 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.066100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Lin HW, Thompson JW, Morris KC, Perez-Pinzon MA. Signal transducers and activators of transcription: STATs-mediated mitochondrial neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1853-61. [PMID: 20712401 PMCID: PMC3078497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is defined as little or no blood flow in cerebral circulation, characterized by low tissue oxygen and glucose levels, which promotes neuronal mitochondria dysfunction leading to cell death. A strategy to counteract cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal cell death is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). IPC results in neuroprotection, which is conferred by a mild ischemic challenge prior to a normally lethal ischemic insult. Although many IPC-induced mechanisms have been described, many cellular and subcellular mechanisms remain undefined. Some reports have suggested key signal transduction pathways of IPC, such as activation of protein kinase C epsilon, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and hypoxia-inducible factors, that are likely involved in IPC-induced mitochondria mediated-neuroprotection. Moreover, recent findings suggest that signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), a family of transcription factors involved in many cellular activities, may be intimately involved in IPC-induced ischemic tolerance. In this review, we explore current signal transduction pathways involved in IPC-induced mitochondria mediated-neuroprotection, STAT activation in the mitochondria as it relates to IPC, and functional significance of STATs in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Wen Lin
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Beane SR, Chang E, Detmold W, Joo B, Lin HW, Luu TC, Orginos K, Parreño A, Savage MJ, Torok A, Walker-Loud A. Evidence for a bound H dibaryon from lattice QCD. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:162001. [PMID: 21599356 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence for the existence of a bound H dibaryon, an I=0, J=0, s=-2 state with valence quark structure uuddss, at a pion mass of m(π)∼389 MeV. Using the results of lattice QCD calculations performed on four ensembles of anisotropic clover gauge-field configurations, with spatial extents of L∼2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.9 fm at a spatial lattice spacing of b(s)∼0.123 fm, we find an H dibaryon bound by B(∞)(H)=16.6±2.1±4.6 MeV at a pion mass of m(π)∼389 MeV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Beane
- Albert Einstein Zentrum für Fundamentale Physik, Institut für theoretische Physik, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morris KC, Lin HW, Thompson JW, Perez-Pinzon MA. Pathways for ischemic cytoprotection: role of sirtuins in caloric restriction, resveratrol, and ischemic preconditioning. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:1003-19. [PMID: 21224864 PMCID: PMC3070983 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), resveratrol, and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) have been shown to promote protection against ischemic injury in the heart and brain, as well as in other tissues. The activity of sirtuins, which are enzymes that modulate diverse biologic processes, seems to be vital in the ability of these therapeutic modalities to prevent against cellular dysfunction and death. The protective mechanisms of the yeast Sir2 and the mammalian homolog sirtuin 1 have been extensively studied, but the involvement of other sirtuins in ischemic protection is not yet clear. We examine the roles of mammalian sirtuins in modulating protective pathways against oxidative stress, energy depletion, excitotoxicity, inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Although many of these sirtuins have not been directly implicated in ischemic protection, they may have unique roles in enhancing function and preventing against stress-mediated cellular damage and death. This review will include in-depth analyses of the roles of CR, resveratrol, and IPC in activating sirtuins and in mediating protection against ischemic damage in the heart and brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahlilia C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin HW, Yu TC, Ho YS. A systemic review of human papillomavirus studies: global publication comparison and research trend analyses from 1993 to 2008. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:133-40. [PMID: 21614898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The term "human papillomavirus" has been used as the keyword during searching titles, abstracts, and keywords based on the online version of Science Citation Index (SCI), Web of Science from 1993 to 2008. Twelve document types were found among the 14,943 papers published in 1,072 journals that were listed in 99 SCI subject categories. All the articles referring to human papillomavirus were assessed by using the following aspects: characteristics of publication output, distribution of output in journals, publication output of source country, source institute, and analysis of word clusters in title, author keywords, and keywords plus. The results have shown that the USA ranked first using five publication indicators including total, single country, international, first author, and corresponding author publications. China has had the sharpest rise of publications since 2004. The top four European countries in 2008 were France, Germany, the UK, and Italy, respectively. Trend studies with word cluster analysis were performed with regards to the areas of immunology, screening methodology, behavioral sciences, economics, and meta-analysis. All those areas have shown a sharp upward rise since 2004. In addition, hypermethylation-induced inactivation of the p16 gene in the early stages of oncogenesis has been getting more interest in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Della-Morte D, Raval AP, Dave KR, Lin HW, Perez-Pinzon MA. Post-ischemic activation of protein kinase C ε protects the hippocampus from cerebral ischemic injury via alterations in cerebral blood flow. Neurosci Lett 2010; 487:158-62. [PMID: 20951185 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine-isozymes that are involved in many signaling events in normal and disease states. Previous studies from our lab have demonstrated that ɛPKC plays a pivotal role in neuroprotection induced by ischemic preconditioning. However, the role of ɛPKC during and after brain ischemia is not clearly defined. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of ɛPKC during an ischemic event is neuroprotective. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that ɛPKC mediates cerebral ischemic tolerance in the rat brain by decreasing vascular tone. Thus, we also tested the effects of ɛPKC activation during ischemia on cerebral blood flow (CBF). We found that ψɛ-Receptors for Activated C Kinase (RACK), a ɛPKC-selective peptide activator, injected intravenously 30min before induction of global cerebral ischemia conferred neuroprotection in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Moreover, measurements of CBF before, during, and after cerebral ischemia revealed a significant reduction in the reperfusion phase of rats pretreated with ψɛRACK as compared to Tat peptide (vehicle). Our results suggest that ɛPKC can protect the rat brain against ischemic damage by regulating CBF. Thus, ɛPKC may be one of the treatment modalities against ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lin HW, Defazio RA, Della-Morte D, Thompson JW, Narayanan SV, Raval AP, Saul I, Dave KR, Perez-Pinzon MA. Derangements of post-ischemic cerebral blood flow by protein kinase C delta. Neuroscience 2010; 171:566-76. [PMID: 20813167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia causes blood flow derangements characterized by hyperemia (increased cerebral blood flow, CBF) and subsequent hypoperfusion (decreased CBF). We previously demonstrated that protein kinase C delta (δPKC) plays an important role in hippocampal neuronal death after ischemia. However, whether part of this protection is due to the role of δPKC on CBF following cerebral ischemia remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that δPKC exacerbates hyperemia and subsequent hypoperfusion resulting in CBF derangements following ischemia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats pretreated with a δPKC specific inhibitor (δV1-1, 0.5 mg/kg) exhibited attenuation of hyperemia and latent hypoperfusion characterized by vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation of microvessels after 2-vessel occlusion plus hypotension measured by 2-photon microscopy. In an asphyxial cardiac arrest model (ACA), SD rats treated with δV1-1 (pre- and post-ischemia) exhibited improved perfusion after 24 h and less hippocampal CA1 neuronal death 7 days after ACA. These results suggest possible therapeutic potential of δPKC in modulating CBF and neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yen CF, Lin EC, Wang YH, Wang PH, Lin HW, Hsu JC, Wu LS, Jiang YN, Ding ST. Abundantly expressed hepatic genes and their differential expression in liver of prelaying and laying geese. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1955-62. [PMID: 19687282 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Geese have a short egg-laying period and a low egg production rate. To induce and maintain egg laying, genes related to generating hepatic lipid for yolk deposition should be adequately expressed. Liver mRNA from 6 laying geese was extracted and used for construction of a full-length enriched cDNA library. About 2,400 clones containing gene sequences were determined and National Center for Biotechnology Information Gallus gallus Gene Index databases were used to compare and analyze these sequences. Ten highly expressed genes were selected to determine the differential expression between laying and prelay goose liver. Tissue distribution data showed that very low density apolipoprotein II, liver type fatty acid binding protein, vitellogenin I, and vitellogenin II transcripts were specifically expressed in the liver of laying geese. Ovoinhibitor, preproalbumin, alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein, and vitamin D binding protein mRNA were highly expressed in the liver and to a lesser extent in other tissues. Ovotransferrin mRNA was expressed in liver, ovary, oviduct, shell gland, brain, and adipose tissues. The concentration of transthyretin mRNA was high in the liver and brain. The mRNA concentrations of liver type fatty acid binding protein, alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein, and transthyretin in the livers of laying and prelay geese were not different. The concentrations of hepatic ovotransferrin, ovoinhibitor, preproalbumin, very low density apolipoprotein II, vitellogenin I, vitellogenin II, and vitamin D binding protein mRNA were higher in the liver of laying geese than in prelay geese, suggesting that these genes may be involved in laying function or lipid metabolism related to egg formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology/Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Della Morte D, Abete P, Gallucci F, Scaglione A, D'Ambrosio D, Gargiulo G, De Rosa G, Dave KR, Lin HW, Cacciatore F, Mazzella F, Uomo G, Rundek T, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rengo F. Transient ischemic attack before nonlacunar ischemic stroke in the elderly. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 17:257-62. [PMID: 18755403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest transient ischemic attack (TIA) may be neuroprotective against ischemic stroke analogous to preinfarction angina's protection against acute myocardial infarction. However, this protective ischemic preconditioning-like effect may not be present in all ages, especially among the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effect of TIAs (clinical equivalent of cerebral ischemic preconditioning) to neurologic damage after cerebral ischemic injury in patients over 65 years of age. METHODS We reviewed the medical charts of patients with ischemic stroke for presence of TIAs within 72 hours before stroke onset. Stroke severity was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and disability by a modified Rankin scale. RESULTS We evaluated 203 patients (>or=65 years) with diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and categorized them according to the presence (n = 42, 21%) or absence (n = 161, 79%) of TIAs within 72 hours of stroke onset. Patients were monitored until discharged from the hospital (length of hospital stay 14.5 +/- 4.8 days). No significant differences in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin scale scores were observed between those patients with TIAs and those without TIAs present before stroke onset at admission or discharge. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the neuroprotective mechanism of cerebral ischemic preconditioning may not be present or functional in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Della Morte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Sciences, and Immunology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular pathologies in the French are not prevalent despite high dietary saturated fat consumption. This is commonly referred to as the "French Paradox" attributing its anti-lipidemic effects to moderate consumption of red wine. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in red wine, is currently the focus of intense research both in the cardiovascular system and the brain. Current research suggests resveratrol may enhance prognosis of neurological disorders such as, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's diseases and stroke. The beneficial effects of resveratrol include: antioxidation, free radical scavenger, and modulation of neuronal energy homeostasis and glutamatergic receptors/ion channels. Resveratrol directly increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, a NAD(+) (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent histone deacetylase related to increased lifespan in various species similar to calorie restriction. We recently demonstrated that brief resveratrol pretreatment conferred neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia via SIRT1 activation. This neuroprotective effect produced by resveratrol was similar to ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection, which protects against lethal ischemic insults in the brain and other organ systems. Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection in CA1 region of the hippocampus. Since resveratrol and ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection require activation of SIRT1, this common signaling pathway may provide targeted therapeutic treatment modalities as it relates to stroke and other brain pathologies. In this review, we will examine common signaling pathways, cellular targets of resveratrol, and ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection as it relates to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami P Raval
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yamazaki T, Aoki Y, Blum T, Lin HW, Lin MF, Ohta S, Sasaki S, Tweedie RJ, Zanotti JM. Nucleon axial charge in (2+1)-flavor dynamical-lattice QCD with domain-wall fermions. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:171602. [PMID: 18518272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.171602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present results for the nucleon axial charge g{A} at a fixed lattice spacing of 1/a=1.73(3) GeV using 2+1 flavors of domain wall fermions on size 16;{3} x 32 and 24;{3} x 64 lattices (L=1.8 and 2.7 fm) with length 16 in the fifth dimension. The length of the Monte Carlo trajectory at the lightest m_{pi} is 7360 units, including 900 for thermalization. We find finite volume effects are larger than the pion mass dependence at m{pi}=330 MeV. We also find a scaling with the single variable m{pi}L which can also be seen in previous two-flavor domain wall and Wilson fermion calculations. Using this scaling to eliminate the finite-volume effect, we obtain g{A}=1.20(6)(4) at the physical pion mass, m_{pi}=135 MeV, where the first and second errors are statistical and systematic. The observed finite-volume scaling also appears in similar quenched simulations, but disappear when V>or=(2.4 fm);{3}. We argue this is a dynamical quark effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Yamazaki
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to detect differential expression of genes in the livers of laying and prelaying geese. Liver tissues from prelaying and laying geese were dissected for mRNA extraction. The cDNA, reverse transcribed from liver mRNA of prelaying geese, was subtracted from the cDNA generated from the laying geese (forward subtraction). Five hundred seventy-six clones with possible differentially expressed gene fragments were observed by forward subtraction hybridization. After differential screening using the reverse and forward subtraction cDNA, 164 clones were subjected to gene sequence determination and further analysis. Using Northern analysis, 5 known and 8 unknown genes were shown to be highly expressed in the livers of laying geese compared with prelaying geese. Vitellogenin I, apoVLDL-II, ethanolamine kinase, G-protein gamma-5 subunit, and leucyl-tRNA synthase were highly expressed in the livers of laying geese compared with that from the prelaying geese (P<0.05). The expression of these known genes suggests that their function in the liver of laying geese is primarily involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Several of these differentially expressed genes were found to be responsive to estrogen stimulation, confirming the involvement of these genes in the egg-laying function of the goose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect differential expression of genes in the pituitary gland in laying geese by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Pituitary glands from prelaying and laying geese were dissected for mRNA extraction. The cDNA from pituitary glands of prelaying geese was subtracted from the cDNA from the pituitary glands of laying geese (forward subtraction); the reverse subtraction was also performed. We screened 384 clones with possible differentially expressed gene fragments by differential screening. Sixty-five clones from the differential screening results were subjected to gene sequencing and further analysis. We found that at least 19 genes were highly expressed in the pituitary glands of laying geese compared with prelaying geese. Among these, 6 genes (including 4 novel genes) were confirmed by virtual Northern analysis. We found that prolactin and visinin-like protein were highly expressed in the pituitary glands of laying geese compared with prelaying geese (P < 0.05). Further investigation is needed to demonstrate specific functions of the novel genes discovered in the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tong WY, Djurisić AB, Xie MH, Ng ACM, Cheung KY, Chan WK, Leung YH, Lin HW, Gwo S. Metal Phthalocyanine Nanoribbons and Nanowires. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:17406-13. [PMID: 16942077 DOI: 10.1021/jp062951q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoribbons and nanowires of different metal phthalocyanines (copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, and zinc), as well as copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F(16)CuPc), have been grown by organic vapor-phase deposition. Their properties, as a function of substrate type, source-to-substrate distance, and substrate temperature, were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and absorption measurements. The size and morphology of the nanostructures were found to be mainly determined by the substrate temperature. The crystal structure was dependent on the substrate temperature as well. At substrate temperatures below 200 degrees C, in addition to straight nanoribbons, twisted nanoribbons were found for all investigated materials except F(16)CuPc, which formed helical nanoribbons upon exposure to an electron beam. The formation of different nanostructures (nanoribbons, twisted nanoribbons, and helical nanoribbons) is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Y Tong
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
de Noronha CM, Sherman MP, Lin HW, Cavrois MV, Moir RD, Goldman RD, Greene WC. Dynamic disruptions in nuclear envelope architecture and integrity induced by HIV-1 Vpr. Science 2001; 294:1105-8. [PMID: 11691994 DOI: 10.1126/science.1063957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Vpr expression halts the proliferation of human cells at or near the G2 cell-cycle checkpoint. The transition from G2 to mitosis is normally controlled by changes in the state of phosphorylation and subcellular compartmentalization of key cell-cycle regulatory proteins. In studies of the intracellular trafficking of these regulators, we unexpectedly found that wild-type Vpr, but not Vpr mutants impaired for G2 arrest, induced transient, localized herniations in the nuclear envelope (NE). These herniations were associated with defects in the nuclear lamina. Intermittently, these herniations ruptured, resulting in the mixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic components. These Vpr-induced NE changes probably contribute to the observed cell-cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M de Noronha
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lin HW, Shieh CS, Chen LM, Yang YT, Han CP. Spontaneous uterine perforation mimicking ectopic pregnancy as the initial presentation of placental site trophoblastic tumor. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:545-50. [PMID: 11768287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), with only 100 cases reported in the literature. Irregular vaginal bleeding has been reported to be the most common presenting symptom, however, spontaneous uterine perforation, mimicking ectopic pregnancy, as the initial presentation is extremely rare, and has not yet been reported in the Chinese literature. Herein, we report a 26-year-old female with PSTT complicating with uterine perforation that mimicked ectopic pregnancy as the initial presentation. She received wide excision of the uterine perforation margin only and now remains disease-free, 2 years after the operation. Reviewing the literature, while most cases of PSTT behave a benign fashion, some exhibit malignant behavior; surgery remains the mainstay of therapy. For patients whose disease is limited to the uterus, simple total abdominal hysterectomy is the treatment of choice. For patients with extensive or metastatic disease, cytoreductive surgery (total abdominal hysterectomy and resection of extrauterine tumor load) combined with chemotherapy should be applied. Etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine (EMA/CO) chemotherapy appears superior to other available chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- Division of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin HW, Li CM, Lee YC, Lee LT, Leung KK. Differences in diagnostic approach between family physicians and other specialists in patients with unintentional body weight loss. Fam Pract 1999; 16:586-90. [PMID: 10625131 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/16.6.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional weight loss is a diagnostic dilemma with diverse diagnostic possibilities for physicians. OBJECTIVES Our study focused on the evaluation of differences in diagnostic approach between family physicians and physicians in other specialties. METHODS Outpatients who visited National Taiwan University Hospital from January 1996 to December 1996 with unintentional weight loss of 5% or more within 6 months were recruited by a computer search. All data were obtained from a structured medical record audit. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the utilization of common diagnostic laboratory tests between the two groups. However, other specialists ordered more carcinoembryonic antigen tests (P < 0.01) and hepatitis B antigen tests (P < 0.05), but fewer upper gastrointestinal tract barium studies (P < 0.05) than family physicians. For patients without a definite final diagnosis, the diagnostic total costs for laboratory tests and imaging studies were lower for family physicians than other specialists (P < 0.01). For patients with biomedical disorders, the diagnostic cost was not significantly different between the two groups. For patients with psychological disorders, the costs for imaging studies were lower for family physicians than for other specialists (P < 0.05) but there was no significant difference in the total costs between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the different approaches between the two groups are due to different training backgrounds and characteristics of practice. The patient-centred concepts of family physicians might be more cost-effective in dealing with undifferentiated problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
A novel triterpene saponin (1) was isolated from an ethanol extract of the root bark of Aralia dasyphylla. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl- ole anolic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, according to spectral and chemical evidence. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against KB and Hela-S(3) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yi YH, Gu JQ, Xiao K, Wang ZZ, Lin HW. [Studies on triterpenoids and their glycosides from Aralia dasyphylla Miq]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1997; 32:769-72. [PMID: 11596221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The structures of two triterpenoids and their glycosides were isolated from Aralia dasyphylla Miq. Their structures have been identified to be oleanoic acid(I), 16 beta-hydroxy-18 beta-H-oleanoic acid(II), oleanoic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(III) and 16 beta-hydroxy-18 beta-H-oleanoic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(IV), respectively, mainly through interpretation of UV, IR, MS, 1H and 13CNMR, DEPT, HMQC and HMBC spectra data. The stereochemistry of II has been confirmed by NOESY. Pharmacological experiments showed that the total saponins exerted preventative effect on CCl4-induced liver injury of male mice and hypoglycemic effect on a model of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yi
- Department of Medical Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to examine conservative conization as treatment for microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix with depth of invasion < 3 mm. STUDY DESIGN Twelve patients with microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix underwent cervical conization under colposcopic guidance followed by careful observation. RESULTS The 12 patients were alive without evidence of disease after a mean follow-up of 6.7 years. Four pregnancies with term deliveries were identified. CONCLUSION Microinvasive carcinoma with a depth of invasion < 3 mm without confluent invasion or lymph vascular involvement can be treated successfully with conservative conization and provided a good pregnancy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Tseng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuen, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oreffo VI, Lin HW, Padmanabhan R, Witschi H. K-ras and p53 point mutations in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced hamster lung tumors. Carcinogenesis 1993; 14:451-5. [PMID: 8453721 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/14.3.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tumors were induced in Syrian golden hamsters by s.c. injection of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). After 40 weeks lung tumor tissue was isolated. Administration of the NNK and exposure of the animals to an atmosphere of 65% oxygen resulted in a statistically significant reduction in tumor size but did not alter the histological tumor type or tumor incidence when compared with carcinogen treated animals maintained under ambient air. Histologically, lung tumors had the morphologic features of adenomas and adenocarcinomas with approximately 15% being squamous cell carcinomas. Lung tumors were examined for mutations in the Ki-ras oncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene by direct sequencing. The Ki-ras mutation frequency in RNA isolated from pooled tumors and in DNA isolated from individual tumors were found to be identical. Activated Ki-ras alleles were detected in 77-94% of tumors. All mutations observed (from a total of 65) except one were GC-AT. The Ki-ras mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions at either codons 12 or 13. No mutations were detected at the 61st codon. Examination of the same tumors for p53 mutations showed only one point mutation. We conclude that the NNK treatment in Syrian golden hamsters results in a distinctive mutation pattern in the Ki-ras gene whereas p53 gene mutations may not play a major role at this stage in hamster lung tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V I Oreffo
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of California, Davis 95616
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Oreffo VI, Lin HW, Gumerlock PH, Kraegel SA, Witschi H. Mutational analysis of a dominant oncogene (c-Ki-ras-2) and a tumor suppressor gene (p53) in hamster lung tumorigenesis. Mol Carcinog 1992; 6:199-202. [PMID: 1445620 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In human lung cancers, alterations of both a dominant oncogene (ras) and a tumor suppressor gene (p53) have been identified. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of mRNA was used to amplify the c-Ki-ras-2 and p53 genes from Syrian golden hamsters. The PCR products were confirmed by predicted-size analysis, probing with nonradioactive (biotin-labeled) oligonucleotides, and direct sequencing. Lung tumors were produced in hamsters by repeated injections of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Of six tumors examined, three (50%) had mutations in codon 12 of Ki-ras. Examination of the conserved regions of p53 revealed no mutations. We conclude that NNK-induced carcinogenesis in the hamster results in characteristic alterations of Ki-ras but may not necessarily involve the p53 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V I Oreffo
- Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program, University of California, Davis 95616-8615
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|