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Núñez FJ, Banerjee K, Mujeeb AA, Mauser A, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Taher A, Kadiyala P, Carney SV, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Comba A, Alghamri MS, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Nwosu ZC, Hong HS, Qin T, Sartor MA, Ljungman M, Cheng SY, Appelman HD, Lowenstein PR, Lahann J, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Autophagy Drives Mutant IDH1 Glioma Progression and Response to Radiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584091. [PMID: 38559270 PMCID: PMC10979892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1; IDH1 R132H ) exhibits a gain of function mutation enabling 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production. 2HG inhibits DNA and histone demethylases, inducing epigenetic reprogramming and corresponding changes to the transcriptome. We previously demonstrated 2HG-mediated epigenetic reprogramming enhances DNA-damage response and confers radioresistance in mIDH1 gliomas harboring p53 and ATRX loss of function mutations. In this study, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data revealed human and mouse mIDH1 glioma neurospheres have downregulated gene ontologies related to mitochondrial metabolism and upregulated autophagy. Further analysis revealed that the decreased mitochondrial metabolism was paralleled by a decrease in glycolysis, rendering autophagy as a source of energy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Analysis of autophagy pathways showed that mIDH1 glioma cells exhibited increased expression of pULK1-S555 and enhanced LC3 I/II conversion, indicating augmented autophagy activity. This dependence is reflected by increased sensitivity of mIDH1 glioma cells to autophagy inhibition. Blocking autophagy selectively impairs the growth of cultured mIDH1 glioma cells but not wild-type IDH1 (wtIDH1) glioma cells. Targeting autophagy by systemic administration of synthetic protein nanoparticles packaged with siRNA targeting Atg7 (SPNP-siRNA-Atg7) sensitized mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation-induced cell death, resulting in tumor regression, long-term survival, and immunological memory, when used in combination with IR. Our results indicate autophagy as a critical pathway for survival and maintenance of mIDH1 glioma cells, a strategy that has significant potential for future clinical translation. One Sentence Summary The inhibition of autophagy sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation, thus creating a promising therapeutic strategy for mIDH1 glioma patients. Graphical abstract Our genetically engineered mIDH1 mouse glioma model harbors IDH1 R132H in the context of ATRX and TP53 knockdown. The production of 2-HG elicited an epigenetic reprogramming associated with a disruption in mitochondrial activity and an enhancement of autophagy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cell homeostasis related with cell survival under energetic stress and DNA damage protection. Autophagy has been associated with radio resistance. The inhibition of autophagy thus radio sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells and enhances survival of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice, representing a novel therapeutic target for this glioma subtype with potential applicability in combined clinical strategies.
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Tomar MS, Kumar A, Shrivastava A. Mitochondrial metabolism as a dynamic regulatory hub to malignant transformation and anti-cancer drug resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149382. [PMID: 38128382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is the fundamental cellular process that permits cancer cells to convert energy and grow anaerobically. Recent developments in molecular biology have made it evident that mitochondrial respiration is critical to tumor growth and treatment response. As the principal organelle of cellular energy conversion, mitochondria can rapidly alter cellular metabolic processes, thereby fueling malignancies and contributing to treatment resistance. This review emphasizes the significance of mitochondrial biogenesis, turnover, DNA copy number, and mutations in bioenergetic system regulation. Tumorigenesis requires an intricate cascade of metabolic pathways that includes rewiring of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, supply of intermediate metabolites of the TCA cycle through amino acids, and the interaction between mitochondria and lipid metabolism. Cancer recurrence or resistance to therapy often results from the cooperation of several cellular defense mechanisms, most of which are connected to mitochondria. Many clinical trials are underway to assess the effectiveness of inhibiting mitochondrial respiration as a potential cancer therapeutic. We aim to summarize innovative strategies and therapeutic targets by conducting a comprehensive review of recent studies on the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism, tumor development and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Humphries S, Bond DR, Germon ZP, Keely S, Enjeti AK, Dun MD, Lee HJ. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and hypoxia in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 37705055 PMCID: PMC10500762 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a deadly disease characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells within the bone marrow. Altered regulation of DNA methylation is an important epigenetic driver of AML, where the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment can help facilitate leukaemogenesis. Thus, interactions between epigenetic regulation and hypoxia signalling will have important implications for AML development and treatment. MAIN BODY This review summarises the importance of DNA methylation and the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment in the development, progression, and treatment of AML. Here, we focus on the role hypoxia plays on signalling and the subsequent regulation of DNA methylation. Hypoxia is likely to influence DNA methylation through altered metabolic pathways, transcriptional control of epigenetic regulators, and direct effects on the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers. DNA methylation may also prevent activation of hypoxia-responsive genes, demonstrating bidirectional crosstalk between epigenetic regulation and the hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we consider the clinical implications of these interactions, suggesting that reduced cell cycling within the hypoxic bone marrow may decrease the efficacy of hypomethylating agents. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is likely to influence AML progression through complex interactions with DNA methylation, where the therapeutic efficacy of hypomethylating agents may be limited within the hypoxic bone marrow. To achieve optimal outcomes for AML patients, future studies should therefore consider co-treatments that can promote cycling of AML cells within the bone marrow or encourage their dissociation from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Humphries
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle R Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Zacary P Germon
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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4
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Bassal MA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Metabolism and Epigenetics in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37371524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism (or energetics) and epigenetics are tightly coupled cellular processes. It is arguable that of all the described cancer hallmarks, dysregulated cellular energetics and epigenetics are the most tightly coregulated. Cellular metabolic states regulate and drive epigenetic changes while also being capable of influencing, if not driving, epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, epigenetic changes can drive altered and compensatory metabolic states. Cancer cells meticulously modify and control each of these two linked cellular processes in order to maintain their tumorigenic potential and capacity. This review aims to explore the interplay between these two processes and discuss how each affects the other, driving and enhancing tumorigenic states in certain contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Adel Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Wang QX, Zhang PY, Li QQ, Tong ZJ, Wu JZ, Yu SP, Yu YC, Ding N, Leng XJ, Chang L, Xu JG, Sun SL, Yang Y, Li NG, Shi ZH. Challenges for the development of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 inhibitors to treat glioma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115464. [PMID: 37235998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors, and its high recurrence and mortality rates threaten human health. In 2008, the frequent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in glioma were reported, which brought a new strategy in the treatment of this challenging disease. In this perspective, we first discuss the possible gliomagenesis after IDH1 mutations (mIDH1). Subsequently, we systematically investigate the reported mIDH1 inhibitors and present a comparative analysis of the ligand-binding pocket in mIDH1. Additionally, we also discuss the binding features and physicochemical properties of different mIDH1 inhibitors to facilitate the future development of mIDH1 inhibitors. Finally, we discuss the possible selectivity features of mIDH1 inhibitors against WT-IDH1 and IDH2 by combining protein-based and ligand-based information. We hope that this perspective can inspire the development of mIDH1 inhibitors and bring potent mIDH1 inhibitors for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Peng-Yu Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shao-Peng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Guo Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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6
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Trifănescu OG, Trifănescu RA, Mitrică R, Mitrea D, Ciornei A, Georgescu M, Butnariu I, Galeș LN, Șerbănescu L, Anghel RM, Păun MA. Upstaging and Downstaging in Gliomas-Clinical Implications for the Fifth Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020197. [PMID: 36673007 PMCID: PMC9858599 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2021, the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO-CNS5) was published as the sixth volume of the international standard for brain and spinal cord tumor classification. The most remarkable practical change in the current classification involves grading gliomas according to molecular characterization. IDH mutant (10%) and IDH wild-type tumors (90%) are two different entities that possess unique biological features and various clinical outcomes regarding treatment response and overall survival. This article presents two comparative cases that highlight the clinical importance of these new classification standards. The first clinical case aimed to provide a comprehensive argument for determining the IDH status in tumors initially appearing as low-grade astrocytoma upon histologic examination, thus underlining the importance of the WHO-CNS5. The second case showed the implications of the histologic overdiagnosis of glioblastoma using the previous classification system with a treatment span of 7 years that proceeded through full-dose re-irradiation up to metronomic therapy. The new WHO-CNS5 classification significantly impacted complex neurooncological cases, thus changing the initial approach to a more precise therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Gabriela Trifănescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Alexandra Trifănescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “C. I. Parhon” Bucharest Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Mitrică
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (D.M.); Tel.: +40-741964311 (R.M.); +40-723226233 (D.M.)
| | - Dan Mitrea
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Neuroaxis Neurology Clinic, 011302 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (D.M.); Tel.: +40-741964311 (R.M.); +40-723226233 (D.M.)
| | - Ana Ciornei
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Georgescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Butnariu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurenția Nicoleta Galeș
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Oncology II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Șerbănescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Maricela Anghel
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Andrei Păun
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
Standard treatment for patients with IDH-mutant gliomas with radiation therapy and chemotherapy is non-curative and associated with long-term neurotoxicity. This has created intense interest in targeted therapeutic strategies that are specifically designed of IDH-mutant tumors. Much progress has been made in understanding the unique biology of IDH-mutant gliomas, and now various IDH-mutant-specific targeting strategies are in various phases of development. Here, we will review a range of IDH-mutant targeting treatments being explored, including direct IDH inhibitors, as well as strategies that take advantage of IDH-mutant-specific vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Miller
- Department of Neurology, Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Atalay EB, Kayali HA. The elevated D-2-hydroxyglutarate level found as a characteristic metabolic change of colon cancer in both in vitro and in vivo models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:191-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Alzial G, Renoult O, Paris F, Gratas C, Clavreul A, Pecqueur C. Wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase under the spotlight in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:613-621. [PMID: 34764443 PMCID: PMC8799461 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors actively reprogram their cellular metabolism to survive and proliferate, thus offering potential therapeutic opportunities. Over the past decade, extensive research has been done on mutant IDH enzymes as markers of good prognosis in glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor in adults with dismal prognosis. Yet, 95% of glioblastoma are IDH wild-type. Here, we review current knowledge about IDH wild-type enzymes and their putative role in mechanisms driving tumor progression. After a brief overview on tumor metabolic adaptation, we present the diverse metabolic function of IDH enzymes and their roles in glioblastoma initiation, progression and response to treatments. Finally, we will discuss wild-type IDH targeting in primary glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alzial
- Université de Nantes, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Ophelie Renoult
- Université de Nantes, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- Université de Nantes, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Catherine Gratas
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, CRCINA, F-49000, Angers, France
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- Université de Nantes, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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10
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Gritsch S, Batchelor TT, Gonzalez Castro LN. Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications of the 2021 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Cancer 2022; 128:47-58. [PMID: 34633681 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 2016 revised fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors incorporated molecular features with histologic grading, revolutionizing how oncologists conceptualize primary brain and spinal cord tumors as well as providing new insights into their management and prognosis. The 2021 revised fifth edition of the WHO classification further integrates molecular alterations for CNS tumor categorization, updating current understanding of the pathophysiology of many of these disease entities. Here, the authors review changes in the new classification for the most common primary adult tumors-gliomas (including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas) and meningiomas-highlighting the key genomic alterations for each group classification to help clinicians interpret them as they consider therapeutic options-including clinical trials and targeted therapies-and discuss the prognosis of these tumors with their patients. The revised, updated 2021 WHO classification also further integrates molecular alterations in the classification of pediatric CNS tumors, but those are not covered in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gritsch
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L Nicolas Gonzalez Castro
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Colombo G, Gelardi ELM, Balestrero FC, Moro M, Travelli C, Genazzani AA. Insight Into Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Homeostasis as a Targetable Metabolic Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758320. [PMID: 34880756 PMCID: PMC8645963 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells modify their cellular metabolism with the aim to sustain uncontrolled proliferation. Cancer cells necessitate adequate amounts of NAD and NADPH to support several enzymes that are usually overexpressed and/or overactivated. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cofactor and substrate of several NAD-consuming enzymes, such as PARPs and sirtuins, while NADPH is important in the regulation of the redox status in cells. The present review explores the rationale for targeting the key enzymes that maintain the cellular NAD/NADPH pool in colorectal cancer and the enzymes that consume or use NADP(H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Marianna Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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12
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Lee SH, Golinska M, Griffiths JR. HIF-1-Independent Mechanisms Regulating Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxic Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2371. [PMID: 34572020 PMCID: PMC8472468 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumours, cancer cells exist within hypoxic microenvironments, and their metabolic adaptation to this hypoxia is driven by HIF-1 transcription factor, which is overexpressed in a broad range of human cancers. HIF inhibitors are under pre-clinical investigation and clinical trials, but there is evidence that hypoxic cancer cells can adapt metabolically to HIF-1 inhibition, which would provide a potential route for drug resistance. Here, we review accumulating evidence of such adaptions in carbohydrate and creatine metabolism and other HIF-1-independent mechanisms that might allow cancers to survive hypoxia despite anti-HIF-1 therapy. These include pathways in glucose, glutamine, and lipid metabolism; epigenetic mechanisms; post-translational protein modifications; spatial reorganization of enzymes; signalling pathways such as Myc, PI3K-Akt, 2-hyxdroxyglutarate and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); and activation of the HIF-2 pathway. All of these should be investigated in future work on hypoxia bypass mechanisms in anti-HIF-1 cancer therapy. In principle, agents targeted toward HIF-1β rather than HIF-1α might be advantageous, as both HIF-1 and HIF-2 require HIF-1β for activation. However, HIF-1β is also the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear transporter (ARNT), which has functions in many tissues, so off-target effects should be expected. In general, cancer therapy by HIF inhibition will need careful attention to potential resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Han Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, KM6 Jalan Langgar, Alor Setar 05460, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Monika Golinska
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.G.); (J.R.G.)
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John R. Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.G.); (J.R.G.)
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13
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Pekov SI, Sorokin AA, Kuzin AA, Bocharov KV, Bormotov DS, Shivalin AS, Shurkhay VA, Potapov AA, Nikolaev EN, Popov IA. Analysis of Phosphatidylcholines Alterations in Human Glioblastomas Ex Vivo. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750821030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Lemasters JJ. Metabolic implications of non-electrogenic ATP/ADP exchange in cancer cells: A mechanistic basis for the Warburg effect. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148410. [PMID: 33722515 PMCID: PMC8096716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In post-mitotic cells, mitochondrial ATP/ADP exchange occurs by the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Driven by membrane potential (ΔΨ), ANT catalyzes electrogenic exchange of ATP4- for ADP3-, leading to higher ATP/ADP ratios in the cytosol than mitochondria. In cancer cells, ATP/ADP exchange occurs not by ANT but likely via the non-electrogenic ATP-Mg/phosphate carrier. Consequences of non-electrogenic exchange are: 1) Cytosolic ATP/ADP decreases to stimulate aerobic glycolysis. 2) Without proton utilization for exchange, ATP/O increases by 35% for complete glucose oxidation. 3) Decreased cytosolic ATP/ADPPi increases NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+. Increased NADH increases lactate/pyruvate, and increased NADPH promotes anabolic metabolism. Fourth, increased mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ magnifies the redox span across Complexes I and III, which increases ΔΨ, reactive oxygen species generation, and susceptibility to ferroptosis. 5) Increased mitochondrial NADPH/NADP+ favors a reverse isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 reaction with citrate accumulation and export for biomass formation. Consequently, 2-oxoglutarate formation occurs largely via oxidation of glutamine, the preferred respiratory substrate of cancer cells. Overall, non-electrogenic ATP/ADP exchange promotes aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and confers specific growth advantages to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America.
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15
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Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it can be generated by reducing the ketone group of α-KG to a hydroxyl group. The significant role that 2-HG plays has been certified in the pathophysiology of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA), tumors harboring mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2mt), and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is taken as an oncometabolite, raising much attention on its oncogenic mechanism. In recent years, 2-HG has been verified to accumulate in the context of hypoxia or acidic pH, and there are also researches confirming the vital role that 2-HG plays in the fate decision of immune cells. Therefore, 2-HG not only participates in tumorigenesis. This text will also summarize 2-HG’s identities besides being an oncometabolite and will discuss their enlightenment for future research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Pekov SI, Sorokin AA, Kuzin AA, Bocharov KV, Bormotov DS, Shivalin AS, Shurkhay VA, Potapov AA, Nikolaev EN, Popov IA. [Analysis of phosphatidylcholines alterations in human glioblastoma multiform tissues ex vivo]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:81-87. [PMID: 33645525 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216701081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant metabolism alteration is accompanying the cell malignization process. Energy metabolism disturbance leads to the activation of de novo synthesis and beta-oxidation processes of lipids and fatty acids in a cancer cell, which becomes an indicator of pathological processes inside the cell. The majority of studies dealing with lipid metabolism alterations in glial tumors are performed using the cell lines in vitro or animal models. However, such conditions do not entirely represent the physiological conditions of cell growth or possible cells natural variability. This work presents the results of the data obtained by applying ambient mass spectrometry to human glioblastoma multiform tissues. By analyzing a relatively large cohort of primary and secondary glioblastoma samples, we identify the alterations in cells lipid composition, which accompanied the development of grade IV brain tumors. We demonstrate that primary glioblastomas, as well as ones developed from astrocytomas, are enriched with mono- and diunsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC 26:1, 30:2, 32:1, 32:2, 34:1, 34:2). Simultaneously, the saturated and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines decrease. These alterations are obviously linked to the availability of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and activation of the de novo lipid synthesis and beta-oxidation pathways under the anaerobic conditions in the tumor core.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Pekov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Sorokin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kuzin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Bocharov
- Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Bormotov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Shivalin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Shurkhay
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Potapov
- N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Popov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
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17
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An acidic residue buried in the dimer interface of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) helps regulate catalysis and pH sensitivity. Biochem J 2021; 477:2999-3018. [PMID: 32729927 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) catalyzes the reversible NADP+-dependent conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to provide critical cytosolic substrates and drive NADPH-dependent reactions like lipid biosynthesis and glutathione regeneration. In biochemical studies, the forward reaction is studied at neutral pH, while the reverse reaction is typically characterized in more acidic buffers. This led us to question whether IDH1 catalysis is pH-regulated, which would have functional implications under conditions that alter cellular pH, like apoptosis, hypoxia, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show evidence of catalytic regulation of IDH1 by pH, identifying a trend of increasing kcat values for αKG production upon increasing pH in the buffers we tested. To understand the molecular determinants of IDH1 pH sensitivity, we used the pHinder algorithm to identify buried ionizable residues predicted to have shifted pKa values. Such residues can serve as pH sensors, with changes in protonation states leading to conformational changes that regulate catalysis. We identified an acidic residue buried at the IDH1 dimer interface, D273, with a predicted pKa value upshifted into the physiological range. D273 point mutations had decreased catalytic efficiency and, importantly, loss of pH-regulated catalysis. Based on these findings, we conclude that IDH1 activity is regulated, at least in part, by pH. We show this regulation is mediated by at least one buried acidic residue ∼12 Å from the IDH1 active site. By establishing mechanisms of regulation of this well-conserved enzyme, we highlight catalytic features that may be susceptible to pH changes caused by cell stress and disease.
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18
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Abstract
Significance: Cancer cells are stabilized in an undifferentiated state similar to stem cells. This leads to profound modifications of their metabolism, which further modifies their genetics and epigenetics as malignancy progresses. Specific metabolites and enzymes may serve as clinical markers of cancer progression. Recent Advances: Both 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) enantiomers are associated with reprogrammed metabolism, in grade III/IV glioma, glioblastoma, and acute myeloid leukemia cells, and numerous other cancer types, while acting also in the cross talk of tumors with immune cells. 2HG contributes to specific alternations in cancer metabolism and developed oxidative stress, while also inducing decisions on the differentiation of naive T lymphocytes, and serves as a signal messenger in immune cells. Moreover, 2HG inhibits chromatin-modifying enzymes, namely 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, and interferes with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptome reprogramming and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thus dysregulating gene expression and further promoting cancerogenesis. Critical Issues: Typically, heterozygous mutations within the active sites of isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 1 (IDH1)R132H and mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 2 (IDH2)R140Q provide cells with millimolar r-2-hydroxyglutarate (r-2HG) concentrations, whereas side activities of lactate and malate dehydrogenase form submillimolar s-2-hydroxyglutarate (s-2HG). However, even wild-type IDH1 and IDH2, notably under shifts toward reductive carboxylation glutaminolysis or changes in other enzymes, lead to "intermediate" 0.01-0.1 mM 2HG levels, for example, in breast carcinoma compared with 10-8M in noncancer cells. Future Directions: Uncovering further molecular metabolism details specific for given cancer cell types and sequence-specific epigenetic alternations will lead to the design of diagnostic approaches, not only for predicting patients' prognosis or uncovering metastases and tumor remissions but also for early diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Nagashima H, Lee CK, Tateishi K, Higuchi F, Subramanian M, Rafferty S, Melamed L, Miller JJ, Wakimoto H, Cahill DP. Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibition Sequesters NAD + to Potentiate the Metabolic Lethality of Alkylating Chemotherapy in IDH-Mutant Tumor Cells. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1672-1689. [PMID: 32606138 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ is an essential cofactor metabolite and is the currency of metabolic transactions critical for cell survival. Depending on tissue context and genotype, cancer cells have unique dependencies on NAD+ metabolic pathways. PARPs catalyze oligomerization of NAD+ monomers into PAR chains during cellular response to alkylating chemotherapeutics, including procarbazine or temozolomide. Here we find that, in endogenous IDH1-mutant tumor models, alkylator-induced cytotoxicity is markedly augmented by pharmacologic inhibition or genetic knockout of the PAR breakdown enzyme PAR glycohydrolase (PARG). Both in vitro and in vivo, we observe that concurrent alkylator and PARG inhibition depletes freely available NAD+ by preventing PAR breakdown, resulting in NAD+ sequestration and collapse of metabolic homeostasis. This effect reversed with NAD+ rescue supplementation, confirming the mechanistic basis of cytotoxicity. Thus, alkylating chemotherapy exposes a genotype-specific metabolic weakness in tumor cells that can be exploited by PARG inactivation. SIGNIFICANCE: Oncogenic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 or IDH2 initiate diffuse gliomas of younger adulthood. Strategies to maximize the effectiveness of chemotherapy in these tumors are needed. We discover alkylating chemotherapy and concurrent PARG inhibition exploits an intrinsic metabolic weakness within these cancer cells to provide genotype-specific benefit.See related commentary by Pirozzi and Yan, p. 1629.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nagashima
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine K Lee
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumi Higuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Megha Subramanian
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seamus Rafferty
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Melamed
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie J Miller
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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IDH mutation in glioma: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1580-1589. [PMID: 32291392 PMCID: PMC7250901 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate and therefore play key roles in the Krebs cycle and cellular homoeostasis. Major advances in cancer genetics over the past decade have revealed that the genes encoding IDHs are frequently mutated in a variety of human malignancies, including gliomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma and thyroid carcinoma. A series of seminal studies further elucidated the biological impact of the IDH mutation and uncovered the potential role of IDH mutants in oncogenesis. Notably, the neomorphic activity of the IDH mutants establishes distinctive patterns in cancer metabolism, epigenetic shift and therapy resistance. Novel molecular targeting approaches have been developed to improve the efficacy of therapeutics against IDH-mutated cancers. Here we provide an overview of the latest findings in IDH-mutated human malignancies, with a focus on glioma, discussing unique biological signatures and proceedings in translational research.
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21
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Alghamri MS, Thalla R, Avvari RP, Dabaja A, Taher A, Zhao L, Ulintz PJ, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Tumor mutational burden predicts survival in patients with low-grade gliomas expressing mutated IDH1. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa042. [PMID: 32642696 PMCID: PMC7212865 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. High-Grade Gliomas have a median survival (MS) of 18 months, while Low-Grade Gliomas (LGGs) have an MS of approximately 7.3 years. Seventy-six percent of patients with LGG express mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) enzyme. Survival of these patients ranges from 1 to 15 years, and tumor mutational burden ranges from 0.28 to 3.85 somatic mutations/megabase per tumor. We tested the hypothesis that the tumor mutational burden would predict the survival of patients with tumors bearing mIDH. Methods We analyzed the effect of tumor mutational burden on patients' survival using clinical and genomic data of 1199 glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and validated our results using the Glioma Longitudinal AnalySiS consortium. Results High tumor mutational burden negatively correlates with the survival of patients with LGG harboring mIDH (P = .005). This effect was significant for both Oligodendroglioma (LGG-mIDH-O; MS = 2379 vs 4459 days in high vs low, respectively; P = .005) and Astrocytoma (LGG-mIDH-A; MS = 2286 vs 4412 days in high vs low respectively; P = .005). There was no differential representation of frequently mutated genes (eg, TP53, ATRX, CIC, and FUBP) in either group. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed an enrichment in Gene Ontologies related to cell cycle, DNA-damage response in high versus low tumor mutational burden. Finally, we identified 6 gene sets that predict survival for LGG-mIDH-A and LGG-mIDH-O. Conclusions we demonstrate that tumor mutational burden is a powerful, robust, and clinically relevant prognostic factor of MS in mIDH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rohit Thalla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruthvik P Avvari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali Dabaja
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ayman Taher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter J Ulintz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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22
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Biedermann J, Preussler M, Conde M, Peitzsch M, Richter S, Wiedemuth R, Abou-El-Ardat K, Krüger A, Meinhardt M, Schackert G, Leenders WP, Herold-Mende C, Niclou SP, Bjerkvig R, Eisenhofer G, Temme A, Seifert M, Kunz-Schughart LA, Schröck E, Klink B. Mutant IDH1 Differently Affects Redox State and Metabolism in Glial Cells of Normal and Tumor Origin. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122028. [PMID: 31888244 PMCID: PMC6966450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH1R132H (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) mutations play a key role in the development of low-grade gliomas. IDH1wt converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate while reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), whereas IDH1R132H uses α-ketoglutarate and NADPH to generate the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). While the effects of 2-HG have been the subject of intense research, the 2-HG independent effects of IDH1R132H are still ambiguous. The present study demonstrates that IDH1R132H expression but not 2-HG alone leads to significantly decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, reduced proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to irradiation in both glioblastoma cells and astrocytes in vitro. Glioblastoma cells, but not astrocytes, showed decreased NADPH and NAD+ levels upon IDH1R132H transduction. However, in astrocytes IDH1R132H led to elevated expression of the NAD-synthesizing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). These effects were not 2-HG mediated. This suggests that IDH1R132H cells utilize NAD+ to restore NADP pools, which only astrocytes could compensate via induction of NAMPT. We found that the expression of NAMPT is lower in patient-derived IDH1-mutant glioma cells and xenografts compared to IDH1-wildtype models. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis confirmed lower NAMPT expression in IDH1-mutant versus IDH1-wildtype gliomas. We show that the IDH1 mutation directly affects the energy homeostasis and redox state in a cell-type dependent manner. Targeting the impairments in metabolism and redox state might open up new avenues for treating IDH1-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Biedermann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Matthias Preussler
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Marina Conde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Khalil Abou-El-Ardat
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alexander Krüger
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William P. Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- Department of Oncology, NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (S.P.N.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Oncology, NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (S.P.N.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center of Genetics (NCG), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-28100-418; Fax: +352-28100-441
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23
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Functional and topographic effects on DNA methylation in IDH1/2 mutant cancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16830. [PMID: 31727977 PMCID: PMC6856069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IDH1/2 mutations are early drivers present in diverse human cancer types arising in various tissue sites. IDH1/2 mutation is known to induce a global hypermethylator phenotype. However, the effects on DNA methylation across IDH mutant cancers and functionally different genome regions, remain unknown. We analyzed DNA methylation data from IDH1/2 mutant acute myeloid leukemia, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, solid papillary breast carcinoma with reverse polarity, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, which clustered by their embryonal origin. Hypermethylated common probes affect predominantly gene bodies while promoters in IDH1/2 mutant cancers remain unmethylated. Enhancers showed global hypermethylation, however commonly hypomethylated enhancers were associated with tissue differentiation and cell fate determination. We demonstrate that some chromosomes, chromosomal arms and chromosomal regions are more affected by IDH1/2 mutations while others remain resistant to IDH1/2 mutation induced methylation changes. Therefore IDH1/2 mutations have different methylation effect on different parts of the genome, which may be regulated by different mechanisms.
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24
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Mougiakakos D. The Induction of a Permissive Environment to Promote T Cell Immune Evasion in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Metabolic Perspective. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1166. [PMID: 31781489 PMCID: PMC6851227 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the acute leukemia with highest incidence amongst adults. Despite significant improvements in understanding the genomic landscape and the introduction of novel drugs, long-term outcome remains unsatisfactory. Recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have heralded a new era in cancer treatment. The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in AML highlights the disease's immunoresponsiveness. Several immunotherapeutic applications are currently under clinical evaluation and include immune checkpoint blockades, T cell-engaging antibodies, and genetically engineered T cells. However, immunoevasive mechanisms employed by AML blasts severely hamper our endeavors. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains a prerequisite for improving treatment efficacy. One of the hallmarks of the cancer cells is metabolic reprogramming, introduced by Otto Warburg's seminal studies during the beginnings of the last century. Nowadays, it is well established that metabolic adaptation is not just an epiphenomenon during oncogenesis but rather a necessity for tumor development and progression. Furthermore, accumulating data suggest an important role of aberrant tumor cell metabolism for immune escape. AML blasts display a number of metabolic alterations that could be linked to immunoregulation, and these include competition over substrates, abundant release of bioactive metabolites, and an overall microenvironmental metabolic re-modeling that favors the induction or survival of immunoregulatory cell subsets such as regulatory T cells. In this review, we outline the immunoevasive character of the AML blasts' bioenergetics, set it into context with oncogenic mutations, and discuss potentially suitable countermeasures and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Medicine 5, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Zhang Y, Lv W, Li Q, Wang Q, Ru Y, Xiong X, Yan F, Pan T, Lin W, Li X. IDH2 compensates for IDH1 mutation to maintain cell survival under hypoxic conditions in IDH1‑mutant tumor cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1893-1900. [PMID: 31257503 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 occur in low‑grade gliomas, acute myeloid leukemias and other types of solid cancer. By catalyzing the reversible conversion between isocitrate and α‑ketoglutarate (α‑KG), IDH1 and 2 contribute to the central process of metabolism, including oxidative and reductive metabolism. IDH1 and 2 mutations result in the loss of normal catalytic function and acquire neomorphic activity, facilitating the conversion of α‑KG into an oncometabolite, (R)‑2‑hydroxyglutarate, which can cause epigenetic modifications and tumorigenesis. Small‑molecule inhibitors of mutant IDH1 and 2 have been developed, and ongoing clinical trials have shown promising results in hematological malignancies, but not in gliomas. These previous findings make it necessary to identify the mechanism and develop more effective therapies for IDH1‑mutant gliomas. In the present study, it was demonstrated that under hypoxic conditions, patient‑derived primary glioma cells and HCT116 cells, both of which carry a monoallelic IDH1 arginine 132 to histidine mutation (R132H), have a slower growth rate than the corresponding wild‑type IDH1 cells. Western blot analysis showed that IDH1 R132H‑mutant cancer cells exhibited upregulated IDH2 protein expression under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the silencing of IDH2 using small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the growth of IDH1‑mutant cells under hypoxic conditions. Finally, [U‑13C5]glutamine tracer analysis showed that IDH2 knockdown reduced the reductive carboxylation of α‑KG into isocitrate in HCT116R132H/+ cells under hypoxic conditions. The present study showed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that IDH2 plays a compensatory role in maintaining reductive carboxylation‑dependent lipogenesis and proliferation in IDH1 R132H tumor cells. Therefore, IDH2 could serve as a potential anti‑tumor target for IDH1‑mutant tumors, which may provide a new strategy for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fengqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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26
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Hu C, Zhang C, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Yu D, Liu S, Ren F, Wang X, Li Y, Hou X, Piao H, Lu X, Zhang Y, Xu G. Integrated Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analyses Reveal Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Glioma with IDH1 Mutation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:960-969. [PMID: 30596429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH) 1 are high-frequency events in low-grade glioma and secondary glioblastoma, and IDH1 mutant gliomas are vulnerable to interventions. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. In this study, comprehensive metabolism investigation of clinical IDH1 mutant glioma specimens was performed to explore its specific metabolic reprogramming in real microenvironment. Massive metabolic alterations from glycolysis to lipid metabolism were identified in the IDH1 mutant glioma tissue when compared to IDH1 wild-type glioma. Of note, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were in similar levels in both groups, with more pyruvate found entering the TCA cycle in IDH1 mutant glioma. The pool of fatty acyl chains was also reduced, displayed as decreased triglycerides and sphingolipids, although membrane phosphatidyl lipids were not changed. The lower fatty acyl pool may be mediated by the lower protein expression levels of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1), ACSL4, and very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSVL3) in IDH1 mutant glioma. Lower ACSL1 was further found to contribute to the better survival of IDH1 mutant glioma patients based on the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing data. Our research provides valuable insights into the tissue metabolism of human IDH1 mutant glioma and unravels new lipid-related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , P. R. China
| | - Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Di Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , P. R. China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Hailong Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , P. R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
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27
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Zou D, Li J, Fan Q, Zheng X, Deng J, Wang S. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induce cell apoptosis via a mitochondria‐dependent pathway in hyperoxia lung injury. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4837-4850. [PMID: 30592322 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianqian Fan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemei Zheng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children Health Institute Futian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children Health Institute Futian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children Health Institute Futian, Shenzhen, China
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28
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Ahn WS, Dong W, Zhang Z, Cantor JR, Sabatini DM, Iliopoulos O, Stephanopoulos G. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase modulates nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway to provide anabolic precursors in hypoxic tumor cells. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo S. Ahn
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Wentao Dong
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Jason R. Cantor
- Dept. of Biology; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02142
- Dept. of Biology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge MA 02139
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02142
| | - David M. Sabatini
- Dept. of Biology; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02142
- Dept. of Biology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge MA 02139
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Center for Cancer Research; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Boston MA 02114
- Dept. of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dept. of Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA 02114
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
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29
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Zarei M, Lal S, Vaziri-Gohar A, O'Hayer K, Gunda V, Singh PK, Brody JR, Winter JM. RNA-Binding Protein HuR Regulates Both Mutant and Wild-Type IDH1 in IDH1-Mutated Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:508-520. [PMID: 30266754 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is the most commonly mutated metabolic enzyme in human malignancy. A heterozygous genetic alteration, arginine 132, promotes the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Although pharmacologic inhibitors of mutant IDH1 are promising, resistance mechanisms to targeted therapy are not understood. Additionally, the role of wild-type IDH1 (WT.IDH1) in cancer requires further study. Recently, it was observed that the regulatory RNA-binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), protects nutrient-deprived cancer cells without IDH1 mutations, by stabilizing WT.IDH1 transcripts. In the present study, a similar regulatory effect on both mutant (Mut.IDH1) and WT.IDH1 transcripts in heterozygous IDH1-mutant tumors is observed. In ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assays of IDH1-mutant cell lines, wild-type and mutant IDH1 mRNAs each bound to HuR. Both isoforms were profoundly downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels after genetic suppression of HuR (siRNAs or CRISPR deletion) in HT1080 (R132C IDH1 mutation) and BT054 cells (R132H). Proliferation and invasion were adversely affected after HuR suppression and metabolomic studies revealed a reduction in Pentose Phosphate Pathway metabolites, nucleotide precursors, and 2-HG levels. HuR-deficient cells were especially sensitive to stress, including low glucose conditions or a mutant IDH1 inhibitor (AGI-5198). IDH1-mutant cancer cells were rescued by WT.IDH1 overexpression to a greater extent than Mut.IDH1 overexpression under these conditions. This study reveals the importance of HuR's regulation of both mutant and wild-type IDH1 in tumors harboring a heterozygous IDH1 mutation with implications for therapy. IMPLICATIONS: This study highlights the HuR-IDH1 (mutant and wild-type IDH1) regulatory axis as a critical, actionable therapeutic target in IDH1-mutated cancer, and incomplete blockade of the entire HuR-IDH1 survival axis would likely diminish the efficacy of drugs that selectively target only the mutant isoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zarei
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shruti Lal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research; Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Vaziri-Gohar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research; Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin O'Hayer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research; Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Venugopal Gunda
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research; Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals; Case Western University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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30
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Waitkus MS, Diplas BH, Yan H. Biological Role and Therapeutic Potential of IDH Mutations in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:186-195. [PMID: 29805076 PMCID: PMC6092238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hotspot mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) occur in a variety of myeloid malignancies and solid tumors. Mutant IDH proteins acquire a neomorphic enzyme activity to produce the putative oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which is thought to block cellular differentiation by competitively inhibiting α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases involved in histone and DNA demethylation. Small-molecule inhibitors of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 have been developed and are progressing through pre-clinical and clinical development. In this review, we provide an overview of mutant IDH-targeted therapy and discuss a number of important recent pre-clinical studies using models of IDH-mutant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Waitkus
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bill H Diplas
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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31
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Garrett M, Sperry J, Braas D, Yan W, Le TM, Mottahedeh J, Ludwig K, Eskin A, Qin Y, Levy R, Breunig JJ, Pajonk F, Graeber TG, Radu CG, Christofk H, Prins RM, Lai A, Liau LM, Coppola G, Kornblum HI. Metabolic characterization of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant and IDH wildtype gliomaspheres uncovers cell type-specific vulnerabilities. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:4. [PMID: 29692895 PMCID: PMC5905129 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is considerable interest in defining the metabolic abnormalities of IDH mutant tumors to exploit for therapy. While most studies have attempted to discern function by using cell lines transduced with exogenous IDH mutant enzyme, in this study, we perform unbiased metabolomics to discover metabolic differences between a cohort of patient-derived IDH1 mutant and IDH wildtype gliomaspheres. Methods Using both our own microarray and the TCGA datasets, we performed KEGG analysis to define pathways differentially enriched in IDH1 mutant and IDH wildtype cells and tumors. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis with labeled glucose and deoxycytidine tracers was used to determine differences in overall cellular metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. Radiation-induced DNA damage and repair capacity was assessed using a comet assay. Differences between endogenous IDH1 mutant metabolism and that of IDH wildtype cells transduced with the IDH1 (R132H) mutation were also investigated. Results Our KEGG analysis revealed that IDH wildtype cells were enriched for pathways involved in de novo nucleotide synthesis, while IDH1 mutant cells were enriched for pathways involved in DNA repair. LC-MS analysis with fully labeled 13C-glucose revealed distinct labeling patterns between IDH1 mutant and wildtype cells. Additional LC-MS tracing experiments confirmed increased de novo nucleotide synthesis in IDH wildtype cells relative to IDH1 mutant cells. Endogenous IDH1 mutant cultures incurred less DNA damage than IDH wildtype cultures and sustained better overall growth following X-ray radiation. Overexpression of mutant IDH1 in a wildtype line did not reproduce the range of metabolic differences observed in lines expressing endogenous mutations, but resulted in depletion of glutamine and TCA cycle intermediates, an increase in DNA damage following radiation, and a rise in intracellular ROS. Conclusions These results demonstrate that IDH1 mutant and IDH wildtype cells are easily distinguishable metabolically by analyzing expression profiles and glucose consumption. Our results also highlight important differences in nucleotide synthesis utilization and DNA repair capacity that could be exploited for therapy. Altogether, this study demonstrates that IDH1 mutant gliomas are a distinct subclass of glioma with a less malignant, but also therapy-resistant, metabolic profile that will likely require distinct modes of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Garrett
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, and the Interdepartmental Program in the Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jantzen Sperry
- 2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- 2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,3UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Weihong Yan
- 4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Thuc M Le
- 2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,5Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jack Mottahedeh
- 6Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kirsten Ludwig
- 6Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Ascia Eskin
- 7Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yue Qin
- 6Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Rachelle Levy
- 8Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Joshua J Breunig
- 8Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA.,9Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA.,10Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- 11Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- 2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,3UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Caius G Radu
- 2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,5Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Heather Christofk
- 2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,3UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,14Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, and the Interdepartmental Program in the Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Albert Lai
- 12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,13Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, and the Interdepartmental Program in the Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- 6Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,13Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- 2Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,6Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,12Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,14Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Room 379 Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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32
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Juritz EI, Bascur JP, Almonacid DE, González-Nilo FD. Novel Insights for Inhibiting Mutant Heterodimer IDH1 wt-R132H in Cancer: An In-Silico Approach. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:369-380. [PMID: 29651790 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a dimeric enzyme responsible for supplying the cell's nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) reserves via dehydrogenation of isocitrate (ICT) and reduction of NADP+. Mutations in position R132 trigger cancer by enabling IDH1 to produce D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) and reduce inhibition by ICT. Mutant IDH1 can be found as a homodimer or a heterodimer. OBJECTIVE We propose a novel strategy to inhibit IDH1 R132 variants as a means not to decrease the concentration of 2-HG but to provoke a cytotoxic effect, as the cell malignancy at this point no longer depends on 2-HG. We aim to inhibit the activity of the mutant heterodimer to block the wild-type subunit. Limiting the NADPH reserves in a cancerous cell will enhance its susceptibility to the oxidative stress provoked by chemotherapy. METHODS We performed a virtual screening using all US FDA-approved drugs to replicate the loss of inhibition of mutant IDH1 by ICT. We characterized our results based on molecular interactions and correlated them with the described phenotypes. RESULTS We replicated the loss of inhibition by ICT in mutant IDH1. We identified 20 drugs with the potential to inhibit the heterodimeric isoform. Six of them are used in cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS We present 20 FDA-approved drugs with the potential to inhibit IDH1 wild-type activity in mutated cells. We believe this work may provide important insights into current and new approaches to dealing with IDH1 mutations. In addition, it may be used as a basis for additional studies centered on drugs presenting differential sensitivities to different IDH1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Iván Juritz
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Pablo Bascur
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Eduardo Almonacid
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.,uBiome, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Danilo González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2366103, Valparaíso, Chile
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33
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Böttcher M, Renner K, Berger R, Mentz K, Thomas S, Cardenas-Conejo ZE, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Mackensen A, Kreutz M, Mougiakakos D. D-2-hydroxyglutarate interferes with HIF-1α stability skewing T-cell metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation and impairing Th17 polarization. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1445454. [PMID: 29900057 PMCID: PMC5993507 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1445454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) is released by various types of malignant cells including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts carrying isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gain-of-function mutations. D-2HG acting as an oncometabolite promotes proliferation, anoikis, and differentiation block of hematopoietic cells in an autocrine fashion. However, prognostic impact of IDH mutations and high D-2HG levels remains controversial and might depend on the overall mutational context. An increasing number of studies focus on the permissive environment created by AML blasts to promote immune evasion. Impact of D-2HG on immune cells remains incompletely understood. Here, we sought out to investigate the effects of D-2HG on T-cells as key mediators of anti-AML immunity. D-2HG was efficiently taken up by T-cells in vitro, which is in line with high 2-HG levels measured in T-cells isolated from AML patients carrying IDH mutations. T-cell activation was slightly impacted by D-2HG. However, D-2HG triggered HIF-1a protein destabilization resulting in metabolic skewing towards oxidative phosphorylation, increased regulatory T-cell (Treg) frequency, and reduced T helper 17 (Th17) polarization. Our data suggest for the first time that D-2HG might contribute to fine tuning of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Böttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raffaela Berger
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Mentz
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Thomas
- Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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34
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Li T, Cox CD, Ozer BH, Nguyen NT, Nguyen HN, Lai TJ, Li S, Liu F, Kornblum HI, Liau LM, Nghiemphu PL, Cloughesy TF, Lai A. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Is Necessary and Sufficient for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutant-Induced MIR148A Promoter Methylation. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:947-960. [PMID: 29545476 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 converts α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to D-2 hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), a putative oncometabolite that can inhibit α-KG-dependent enzymes, including ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) DNA demethylases. We recently established that miRNAs are components of the IDH1 mutant-associated glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP) and specifically identified MIR148A as a tumor-suppressive miRNA within G-CIMP. However, the precise mechanism by which mutant IDH induces hypermethylation of MIR148A and other G-CIMP promoters remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with exogenous D-2-HG induces MIR148A promoter methylation and transcriptional silencing in human embryonic kidney 293T (293T) cells and primary normal human astrocytes. Conversely, we show that the development of MIR148A promoter methylation in mutant IDH1-overexpressing 293T cells is abrogated via treatment with C227, an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 generation of D-2-HG. Using dot blot assays for global assessment of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), we show that D-2-HG treatment reduces 5-hmC levels, whereas C227 treatment increases 5-hmC levels, strongly suggesting TET inhibition by D-2-HG. Moreover, we show that withdrawal of D-2-HG treatment reverses methylation with an associated increase in MIR148A transcript levels and transient generation of 5-hmC. We also demonstrate that RNA polymerase II binds endogenously to the predicted promoter region of MIR148A, validating the hypothesis that its transcription is driven by an independent promoter.Implications: Establishment of D-2-HG as a necessary and sufficient intermediate by which mutant IDH1 induces CpG island methylation of MIR148A will help with understanding the efficacy of selective mutant IDH1 inhibitors in the clinic. Mol Cancer Res; 16(6); 947-60. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Li
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher D Cox
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Byram H Ozer
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nhung T Nguyen
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - HuyTram N Nguyen
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas J Lai
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sichen Li
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fei Liu
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Pediatric Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert Lai
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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35
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Li J, Huang J, Huang F, Jin Q, Zhu H, Wang X, Chen M. Decreased expression of IDH1-R132H correlates with poor survival in gastrointestinal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73638-73650. [PMID: 27655638 PMCID: PMC5342004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) is an NADP-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. The IDH1-R132H mutation predicts a better clinical outcome for glioma patients, and the expression of IDH1-R132H correlates with a favorable outcome in patients with brain tumors. Here, we investigated IDH1-R132H expression in both gastric (n=526) and colorectal (n=399) tissues by performing immunohistochemistry analyses on tissue microarrays. We also tested whether IDH1-R132H expression correlated with various clinical parameters. In both gastric and colorectal cancer, expression of IDH1-R132H was associated with tumor stage. Patients with low IDH1-R132H expression had a poor overall survival. Our data indicate that IDH1-R132H expression could be used as a predictive marker of prognosis for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Department of Clinical Tissue Bank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NC, USA
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36
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Beyond Brooding on Oncometabolic Havoc in IDH-Mutant Gliomas and AML: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020049. [PMID: 29439493 PMCID: PMC5836081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1,2), the key Krebs cycle enzymes that generate NADPH reducing equivalents, undergo heterozygous mutations in >70% of low- to mid-grade gliomas and ~20% of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) and gain an unusual new activity of reducing the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to D-2 hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) in a NADPH-consuming reaction. The oncometabolite D-2HG, which accumulates >35 mM, is widely accepted to drive a progressive oncogenesis besides exacerbating the already increased oxidative stress in these cancers. More importantly, D-2HG competes with α-KG and inhibits a large number of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases such as TET (Ten-eleven translocation), JmjC domain-containing KDMs (histone lysine demethylases), and the ALKBH DNA repair proteins that ultimately lead to hypermethylation of the CpG islands in the genome. The resulting CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) accounts for major gene expression changes including the silencing of the MGMT (O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase) repair protein in gliomas. Glioma patients with IDH1 mutations also show better therapeutic responses and longer survival, the reasons for which are yet unclear. There has been a great surge in drug discovery for curtailing the mutant IDH activities, and arresting tumor proliferation; however, given the unique and chronic metabolic effects of D-2HG, the promise of these compounds for glioma treatment is uncertain. This comprehensive review discusses the biology, current drug design and opportunities for improved therapies through exploitable synthetic lethality pathways, and an intriguing oncometabolite-inspired strategy for primary glioblastoma.
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37
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Lu VM, McDonald KL. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation subtypes at site 132 and their translational potential in glioma. CNS Oncol 2018; 7:41-50. [PMID: 29303363 PMCID: PMC6001689 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, de novo missense structural mutations in the IDH1 gene of arginine at site 132 (R132) have become a standard for diagnostication and prognostication in glioma management. As our clinical understanding of this mutation grows, so too does the number of mutation subtypes reported in the literature. By synergizing current knowledge of IDH1 activity in glioma with the emerging evidence of different enzyme kinetics between R132 IDH1 mutation subtypes, the translational potential in improving glioma management based on mutated IDH1 subtype in glioma is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Cure Brain Cancer Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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38
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Waitkus MS, Pirozzi CJ, Moure CJ, Diplas BH, Hansen LJ, Carpenter AB, Yang R, Wang Z, Ingram BO, Karoly ED, Mohney RP, Spasojevic I, McLendon RE, Friedman HS, He Y, Bigner DD, Yan H. Adaptive Evolution of the GDH2 Allosteric Domain Promotes Gliomagenesis by Resolving IDH1 R132H-Induced Metabolic Liabilities. Cancer Res 2017; 78:36-50. [PMID: 29097607 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hotspot mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene occur in a number of human cancers and confer a neomorphic enzyme activity that catalyzes the conversion of α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to the oncometabolite D-(2)-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). In malignant gliomas, IDH1R132H expression induces widespread metabolic reprogramming, possibly requiring compensatory mechanisms to sustain the normal biosynthetic requirements of actively proliferating tumor cells. We used genetically engineered mouse models of glioma and quantitative metabolomics to investigate IDH1R132H-dependent metabolic reprogramming and its potential to induce biosynthetic liabilities that can be exploited for glioma therapy. In gliomagenic neural progenitor cells, IDH1R132H expression increased the abundance of dipeptide metabolites, depleted key tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, and slowed progression of murine gliomas. Notably, expression of glutamate dehydrogenase GDH2, a hominoid-specific enzyme with relatively restricted expression to the brain, was critically involved in compensating for IDH1R132H-induced metabolic alterations and promoting IDH1R132H glioma growth. Indeed, we found that recently evolved amino acid substitutions in the GDH2 allosteric domain conferred its nonredundant, glioma-promoting properties in the presence of IDH1 mutation. Our results indicate that among the unique roles for GDH2 in the human forebrain is its ability to limit IDH1R132H-mediated metabolic liabilities, thus promoting glioma growth in this context. Results from this study raise the possibility that GDH2-specific inhibition may be a viable therapeutic strategy for gliomas with IDH mutations.Significance: These findings show that the homonid-specific brain enzyme GDH2 may be essential to mitigate metabolic liabilities created by IDH1 mutations in glioma, with possible implications to leverage its therapeutic management by IDH1 inhibitors. Cancer Res; 78(1); 36-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Waitkus
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Pirozzi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Casey J Moure
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bill H Diplas
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Landon J Hansen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Austin B Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine - Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Henry S Friedman
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yiping He
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darell D Bigner
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. .,Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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39
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Li WQ, Zhong NZ, He J, Li YM, Hou LJ, Liu HM, Xia CY, Wang LZ, Lu YC. High ATP2A2 expression correlates with better prognosis of diffuse astrocytic tumor patients. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2865-2874. [PMID: 28339043 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel molecular markers are required for defining subsets of diffuse astrocytic tumor patients with differing prognoses. Here, we examined ATP2A2 expression in 109 human diffuse astrocytic tumor samples (39 grade II diffuse astrocytoma (DA), 19 grade III anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), 51 grade IV glioblastoma) and its correlation with patient clinicopathologic characteristics. ATP2A2 expression significantly correlated with tumor grade and survival (P<0.05). High ATP2A2 expression was detected in 35.3% (18/51) of glioblastoma patients, compared to 61.5% (24/39) in grade II, and 52.6% (10/19) in grade III astrocytoma patients (P=0.043). The median survival was 45±5.3 (95% CI, 34.7-55.3) months in patients with high ATP2A2 expression and 16±5.0 (95% CI, 6.3-25.7) months in patients with low ATP2A2 expression (P<0.0001). Additionally, high grade astrocytoma patients with high ATP2A2 expression showed longer survival (median, 31.0±4.9 months, 95% CI, 21.4-40.7) than those with low ATP2A2 expression (median: 13.0±1.6 months, 95% CI, 9.9-16.1; P=0.027). Furthermore, both ATP2A2 overexpression and IDH1 mutation were detected in secondary glioblastoma, AA developed from DA and oligodendrogiomas with IDH1 mutation. The MTT assays showed that lentiviral ATP2A2 overexpression significantly suppressed the clonogenic growth of glioblastoma U251MG cells (P<0.05). Xenografts stably overexpressing ATP2A2 were markedly smaller in size 4 weeks post inoculation (P<0.05). Our findings identified high ATP2A2 expression in a subset of astrocytoma patients that was associated with better prognosis and ATP2A2 suppressed astrocytoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Zhe Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Xia
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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40
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Temperature induces significant changes in both glycolytic reserve and mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:112-121. [PMID: 28342898 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermotherapy, as a method of treating cancer, has recently attracted considerable attention from basic and clinical investigators. A number of studies and clinical trials have shown that thermotherapy can be successfully used as a therapeutic approach for various cancers. However, the effects of temperature on cancer bioenergetics have not been studied in detail with a real time, microplate based, label-free detection approach. This study investigates how changes in temperature affect the bioenergetics characteristics (mitochondrial function and glycolysis) of three colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines utilizing the Seahorse XF96 technology. Experiments were performed at 32°C, 37°C and 42°C using assay medium conditions and equipment settings adjusted to produce equal oxygen and pH levels ubiquitously at the beginning of all experiments. The results suggest that temperature significantly changes multiple components of glycolytic and mitochondrial function of all cell lines tested. Under hypothermia conditions (32°C), the extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) of CRC cells were significantly lower compared to the same basal ECAR levels measured at 37°C. Mitochondrial stress test for SW480 cells at 37°C vs 42°C demonstrated increased proton leak while all other OCR components remained unchanged (similar results were detected also for the patient-derived xenograft cells Pt.93). Interestingly, the FCCP dose response at 37°C vs 42°C show significant shifts in profiles, suggesting that single dose FCCP experiments might not be sufficient to characterize the mitochondrial metabolic potential when comparing groups, conditions or treatments. These findings provide valuable insights for the metabolic and bioenergetic changes of CRC cells under hypo- and hyperthermia conditions that could potentially lead to development of better targeted and personalized strategies for patients undergoing combined thermotherapy with chemotherapy.
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41
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Pirozzi CJ, Carpenter AB, Waitkus MS, Wang CY, Zhu H, Hansen LJ, Chen LH, Greer PK, Feng J, Wang Y, Bock CB, Fan P, Spasojevic I, McLendon RE, Bigner DD, He Y, Yan H. Mutant IDH1 Disrupts the Mouse Subventricular Zone and Alters Brain Tumor Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:507-520. [PMID: 28148827 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IDH1 mutations occur in the majority of low-grade gliomas and lead to the production of the oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). To understand the effects of tumor-associated mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) on both the neural stem cell (NSC) population and brain tumorigenesis, genetically faithful cell lines and mouse model systems were generated. Here, it is reported that mouse NSCs expressing Idh1-R132H displayed reduced proliferation due to p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest as well as a decreased ability to undergo neuronal differentiation. In vivo, Idh1-R132H expression reduced proliferation of cells within the germinal zone of the subventricular zone (SVZ). The NSCs within this area were dispersed and disorganized in mutant animals, suggesting that Idh1-R132H perturbed the NSCs and the microenvironment from which gliomas arise. In addition, tumor-bearing animals expressing mutant Idh1 displayed a prolonged survival and also overexpressed Olig2, features consistent with IDH1-mutated human gliomas. These data indicate that mutant Idh1 disrupts the NSC microenvironment and the candidate cell-of-origin for glioma; thus, altering the progression of tumorigenesis. In addition, this study provides a mutant Idh1 brain tumor model that genetically recapitulates human disease, laying the foundation for future investigations on mutant IDH1-mediated brain tumorigenesis and targeted therapy.Implications: Through the use of a conditional mutant mouse model that confers a less aggressive tumor phenotype, this study reveals that mutant Idh1 impacts the candidate cell-of-origin for gliomas. Mol Cancer Res; 15(5); 507-20. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pirozzi
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Austin B Carpenter
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew S Waitkus
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Catherine Y Wang
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Huishan Zhu
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Landon J Hansen
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lee H Chen
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paula K Greer
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jie Feng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheryl B Bock
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ping Fan
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roger E McLendon
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darell D Bigner
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yiping He
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Hai Yan
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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42
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Dvořák A, Zelenka J, Smolková K, Vítek L, JeŽek P. Background levels of neomorphic 2-hydroxyglutarate facilitate proliferation of primary fibroblasts. Physiol Res 2016; 66:293-304. [PMID: 27982681 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell types or tissues contain certain "physiological" levels of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), as well as enzymes for its synthesis and degradation. 2HG accumulates in certain tumors, possessing heterozygous point mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 (cytosolic) or IDH2 (mitochondrial) and contributes to strengthening their malignancy by inhibiting 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. By blocking histone de-methylation and 5-methyl-cytosine hydroxylation, 2HG maintains cancer cells de-differentiated and promotes their proliferation. However, physiological 2HG formation and formation by non-mutant IDH1/2 in cancer cells were neglected. Consequently, low levels of 2HG might play certain physiological roles. We aimed to elucidate this issue and found that compared to highest 2HG levels in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and moderate levels in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rat primary fibroblast contained low basal 2HG levels at early passages. These levels increased at late passage and likewise 2HG/2OG ratios dropped without growth factors and enormously increased at hypoxia, reaching levels compared to cancer HepG2 cells. Responses in SH-SY5Y cells were opposite. Moreover, external 2HG supplementation enhanced fibroblast growth. Hence, we conclude that low 2HG levels facilitate cell proliferation in primary fibroblasts, acting via hypoxia-induced factor regulations and epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dvořák
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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43
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Quek LE, Liu M, Joshi S, Turner N. Fast exchange fluxes around the pyruvate node: a leaky cell model to explain the gain and loss of unlabelled and labelled metabolites in a tracer experiment. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:13. [PMID: 27379180 PMCID: PMC4931697 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose and glutamine are the two dominant metabolic substrates in cancer cells. In (13)C tracer experiments, however, it is necessary to account for all significant input substrates, as some natural (unlabelled) substrate in the medium, often derived from serum, can be metabolised by cells despite not showing signs of net consumption. RESULTS Using [U-(13)C6]-glucose tracers and measuring extracellular metabolite enrichments by GC-MS, we found that pancreatic cells HPDE and PANC-1 secrete lactate, pyruvate, TCA cycle metabolites and non-essential amino acids synthesised from glucose. Focusing our investigations on pyruvate exchange in HEK293 cells, we observed that the four metabolites pools, intracellular and extracellular lactate and pyruvate, had similar (13)C enrichment trajectories. This indicated that these metabolites can mix rapidly. Using a hybrid (13)C-MFA, we followed to show that the lactate exchange flux had increased when extracellular lactate concentration was increased by 10-fold. By allowing rapid exchange fluxes around the pyruvate node, (13)C-MFA revealed that PANC-1 cells cultured in [U-(13)C6]-glucose doubled the conversion of unlabelled substrates to pyruvate when treated with TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS The current work established the possibility that a cell's range of significant input substrates may be broader than anticipated. Metabolite exchange can affect intracellular enrichments. In particular, we showed that pyruvate was more strongly connected to lactate than to upstream glycolytic intermediates and that a fast lactate exchange may alter the outcome of flux analyses. Nevertheless, the leaky cell model may be an opportunity in disguise-the ability to continuously monitor metabolism using only the enrichments of extracellular metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lake-Ee Quek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ; The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sanket Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Haider S, McIntyre A, van Stiphout RGPM, Winchester LM, Wigfield S, Harris AL, Buffa FM. Genomic alterations underlie a pan-cancer metabolic shift associated with tumour hypoxia. Genome Biol 2016; 17:140. [PMID: 27358048 PMCID: PMC4926297 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-0999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. However, the role of genomic changes in metabolic genes driving the tumour metabolic shift remains to be elucidated. Here, we have investigated the genomic and transcriptomic changes underlying this shift across ten different cancer types. RESULTS A systematic pan-cancer analysis of 6538 tumour/normal samples covering ten major cancer types identified a core metabolic signature of 44 genes that exhibit high frequency somatic copy number gains/amplifications (>20 % cases) associated with increased mRNA expression (ρ > 0.3, q < 10(-3)). Prognostic classifiers using these genes were confirmed in independent datasets for breast and kidney cancers. Interestingly, this signature is strongly associated with hypoxia, with nine out of ten cancer types showing increased expression and five out of ten cancer types showing increased gain/amplification of these genes in hypoxic tumours (P ≤ 0.01). Further validation in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines highlighted squalene epoxidase, an oxygen-requiring enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, as a driver of dysregulated metabolism and a key player in maintaining cell survival under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals somatic genomic alterations underlying a pan-cancer metabolic shift and suggests genomic adaptation of these genes as a survival mechanism in hypoxic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haider
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruud G. P. M. van Stiphout
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura M. Winchester
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Wigfield
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca M. Buffa
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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45
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Chaumeil MM, Radoul M, Najac C, Eriksson P, Viswanath P, Blough MD, Chesnelong C, Luchman HA, Cairncross JG, Ronen SM. Hyperpolarized (13)C MR imaging detects no lactate production in mutant IDH1 gliomas: Implications for diagnosis and response monitoring. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:180-9. [PMID: 27437179 PMCID: PMC4939422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic imaging of brain tumors using (13)C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] pyruvate is a promising neuroimaging strategy which, after a decade of preclinical success in glioblastoma (GBM) models, is now entering clinical trials in multiple centers. Typically, the presence of GBM has been associated with elevated hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] lactate produced from [1-(13)C] pyruvate, and response to therapy has been associated with a drop in hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] lactate. However, to date, lower grade gliomas had not been investigated using this approach. The most prevalent mutation in lower grade gliomas is the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, which, in addition to initiating tumor development, also induces metabolic reprogramming. In particular, mutant IDH1 gliomas are associated with low levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1, MCT4), three proteins involved in pyruvate metabolism to lactate. We therefore investigated the potential of (13)C MRS of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] pyruvate for detection of mutant IDH1 gliomas and for monitoring of their therapeutic response. We studied patient-derived mutant IDH1 glioma cells that underexpress LDHA, MCT1 and MCT4, and wild-type IDH1 GBM cells that express high levels of these proteins. Mutant IDH1 cells and tumors produced significantly less hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] lactate compared to GBM, consistent with their metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] lactate production was not affected by chemotherapeutic treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) in mutant IDH1 tumors, in contrast to previous reports in GBM. Our results demonstrate the unusual metabolic imaging profile of mutant IDH1 gliomas, which, when combined with other clinically available imaging methods, could be used to detect the presence of the IDH1 mutation in vivo.
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Key Words
- 2-HG, 2-hydroxyglutarate
- AIF, arterial input function
- AUC, area under the curve
- DNP, dynamic nuclear polarization
- DNP-MR, dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FA, flip angle
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery
- FOV, field of view
- GBM, glioblastoma
- Glioma
- Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
- IDH1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation
- LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A
- MCT1, monocarboxylate transporter 1
- MCT4, monocarboxylate transporter 4
- MR, magnetic resonance
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Metabolic reprogramming
- NA, number of averages
- NT, number of transients
- PBS, phosphate-buffer saline
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RB1, retinoblastoma protein 1
- SLC16A1, solute carrier family 16 member 1
- SLC16A3, solute carrier family 16 member 3
- SNR, signal-to-noise ratio
- SW, spectral width
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TE, echo time
- TMZ, temozolomide
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TR, repetition time
- Tacq, acquisition time
- VOI, voxel of interest
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam M. Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Mission Bay Campus, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, University of California, 94158 San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Mission Bay Campus, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, University of California, 94158 San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Mission Bay Campus, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, University of California, 94158 San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pia Eriksson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Mission Bay Campus, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, University of California, 94158 San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Mission Bay Campus, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, University of California, 94158 San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael D. Blough
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Hospital, 1403 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Charles Chesnelong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Hospital, 1403 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - H. Artee Luchman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Hospital, 1403 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - J. Gregory Cairncross
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Hospital, 1403 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Mission Bay Campus, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, University of California, 94158 San Francisco, CA, United States
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, 1450 3rd Street, University of California, 94158 San Francisco, CA, United States
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Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Corominas-Faja B, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Bosch-Barrera J, Martin-Castillo B, De Llorens R, Joven J, Menendez JA. Oncometabolic mutation IDH1 R132H confers a metformin-hypersensitive phenotype. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12279-96. [PMID: 25980580 PMCID: PMC4494938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility might be particularly constrained in tumors bearing mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) leading to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxygluratate (2HG). To test the hypothesis that IDH1 mutations could generate metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention, we utilized an MCF10A cell line engineered with an arginine-to-histidine conversion at position 132 (R132H) in the catalytic site of IDH1, which equips the enzyme with a neomorphic α-ketoglutarate to 2HG reducing activity in an otherwise isogenic background. IDH1 R132H/+ and isogenic IDH1 +/+ parental cells were screened for their ability to generate energy-rich NADH when cultured in a standardized high-throughput Phenotype MicroArrayplatform comprising >300 nutrients. A radical remodeling of the metabotype occurred in cells carrying the R132H mutation since they presented a markedly altered ability to utilize numerous carbon catabolic fuels. A mitochondria toxicity-screening modality confirmed a severe inability of IDH1-mutated cells to use various carbon substrates that are fed into the electron transport chain at different points. The mitochondrial biguanide poisons, metformin and phenformin, further impaired the intrinsic weakness of IDH1-mutant cells to use certain carbon-energy sources. Additionally, metabolic reprogramming of IDH1-mutant cells increased their sensitivity to metformin in assays of cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, and mammosphere formation. Targeted metabolomics studies revealed that the ability of metformin to interfere with the anaplerotic entry of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle could explain the hypersensitivity of IDH1-mutant cells to biguanides. Moreover, synergistic interactions occurred when metformin treatment was combined with the selective R132H-IDH1 inhibitor AGI-5198. Together, these results suggest that therapy involving the simultaneous targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities with metformin, and 2HG overproduction with mutant-selective inhibitors (AGI-5198-related AG-120 [Agios]), might represent a worthwhile avenue of exploration in the treatment of IDH1-mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Clinical Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael De Llorens
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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47
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Dang L, Yen K, Attar E. IDH mutations in cancer and progress toward development of targeted therapeutics. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:599-608. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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48
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Viswanath P, Chaumeil MM, Ronen SM. Molecular Imaging of Metabolic Reprograming in Mutant IDH Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:60. [PMID: 27014635 PMCID: PMC4789800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) have recently been identified as drivers in the development of several tumor types. Most notably, cytosolic IDH1 is mutated in 70-90% of low-grade gliomas and upgraded glioblastomas, and mitochondrial IDH2 is mutated in ~20% of acute myeloid leukemia cases. Wild-type IDH catalyzes the interconversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutations in the enzyme lead to loss of wild-type enzymatic activity and a neomorphic activity that converts α-KG to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). In turn, 2-HG, which has been termed an "oncometabolite," inhibits key α-KG-dependent enzymes, resulting in alterations of the cellular epigenetic profile and, subsequently, inhibition of differentiation and initiation of tumorigenesis. In addition, it is now clear that the IDH mutation also induces a broad metabolic reprograming that extends beyond 2-HG production, and this reprograming often differs from what has been previously reported in other cancer types. In this review, we will discuss in detail what is known to date about the metabolic reprograming of mutant IDH cells, and how this reprograming has been investigated using molecular metabolic imaging. We will describe how metabolic imaging has helped shed light on the basic biology of mutant IDH cells, and how this information can be leveraged to identify new therapeutic targets and to develop new clinically translatable imaging methods to detect and monitor mutant IDH tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
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49
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Boros LG, D'Agostino DP, Katz HE, Roth JP, Meuillet EJ, Somlyai G. Submolecular regulation of cell transformation by deuterium depleting water exchange reactions in the tricarboxylic acid substrate cycle. Med Hypotheses 2016; 87:69-74. [PMID: 26826644 PMCID: PMC4733494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring isotope of hydrogen ((1)H), deuterium ((2)H), could have an important biological role. Deuterium depleted water delays tumor progression in mice, dogs, cats and humans. Hydratase enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle control cell growth and deplete deuterium from redox cofactors, fatty acids and DNA, which undergo hydride ion and hydrogen atom transfer reactions. A model is proposed that emphasizes the terminal complex of mitochondrial electron transport chain reducing molecular oxygen to deuterium depleted water (DDW); this affects gluconeogenesis as well as fatty acid oxidation. In the former, the DDW is thought to diminish the deuteration of sugar-phosphates in the DNA backbone, helping to preserve stability of hydrogen bond networks, possibly protecting against aneuploidy and resisting strand breaks, occurring upon exposure to radiation and certain anticancer chemotherapeutics. DDW is proposed here to link cancer prevention and treatment using natural ketogenic diets, low deuterium drinking water, as well as DDW production as the mitochondrial downstream mechanism of targeted anti-cancer drugs such as Avastin and Glivec. The role of (2)H in biology is a potential missing link to the elusive cancer puzzle seemingly correlated with cancer epidemiology in western populations as a result of excessive (2)H loading from processed carbohydrate intake in place of natural fat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- László G Boros
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA; The Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LABiOMED), Torrance, CA, USA; SIDMAP, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justine P Roth
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuelle J Meuillet
- The University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gábor Somlyai
- HYD, LLC for Cancer Research & Drug Development, Budapest, Hungary
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50
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Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells: glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and Bcl-2 proteins as novel therapeutic targets for cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:15. [PMID: 26791262 PMCID: PMC4721116 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly a century ago, Otto Warburg made the ground-breaking observation that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, prefer a seemingly inefficient mechanism of glucose metabolism: aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon now referred to as the Warburg effect. The finding that rapidly proliferating cancer cells favors incomplete metabolism of glucose, producing large amounts of lactate as opposed to synthesizing ATP to sustain cell growth, has confounded scientists for years. Further investigation into the metabolic phenotype of cancer has expanded our understanding of this puzzling conundrum, and has opened new avenues for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Enhanced glycolytic flux is now known to allow for increased synthesis of intermediates for sustaining anabolic pathways critical for cancer cell growth. Alongside the increase in glycolysis, cancer cells transform their mitochondria into synthesis machines supported by augmented glutaminolysis, supplying lipid production, amino acid synthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathways. Inhibition of several of the key enzymes involved in these pathways has been demonstrated to effectively obstruct cancer cell growth and multiplication, sensitizing them to apoptosis. The modulation of various regulatory proteins involved in metabolic processes is central to cancerous reprogramming of metabolism. The finding that members of one of the major protein families involved in cell death regulation also aberrantly regulated in cancers, the Bcl-2 family of proteins, are also critical mediators of metabolic pathways, provides strong evidence for the importance of the metabolic shift to cancer cell survival. Targeting the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins is proving to be a successful way to selectively target cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Further understanding of how cancer cells modify metabolic regulation to increase channeling of substrates into biosynthesis will allow for the discovery of novel drug targets to treat cancer. In the present review, we focused on the recent developments in therapeutic targeting of different steps in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and on the metabolic regulatory role of Bcl-2 family proteins.
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