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Kurilla A, László L, Takács T, Tilajka Á, Lukács L, Novák J, Pancsa R, Buday L, Vas V. Studying the Association of TKS4 and CD2AP Scaffold Proteins and Their Implications in the Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15136. [PMID: 37894817 PMCID: PMC10606890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Identification of new molecular factors governing the invasiveness of colon cancer holds promise in developing screening and targeted therapeutic methods. The Tyrosine Kinase Substrate with four SH3 domains (TKS4) and the CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) have previously been linked to dynamic actin assembly related processes and cancer cell migration, although their co-instructive role during tumor formation remained unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the TKS4-CD2AP interaction and study the interdependent effect of TKS4/CD2AP on oncogenic events. We identified CD2AP as a novel TKS4 interacting partner via co-immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry methods. The interaction was validated via Western blot (WB), immunocytochemistry (ICC) and proximity ligation assay (PLA). The binding motif of CD2AP was explored via peptide microarray. To uncover the possible cooperative effects of TKS4 and CD2AP in cell movement and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we performed gene silencing and overexpressing experiments. Our results showed that TKS4 and CD2AP form a scaffolding protein complex and that they can regulate migration and EMT-related pathways in HCT116 colon cancer cells. This is the first study demonstrating the TKS4-CD2AP protein-protein interaction in vitro, their co-localization in intact cells, and their potential interdependent effects on partial-EMT in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kurilla
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loretta László
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Takács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Álmos Tilajka
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Lukács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Novák
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Pancsa
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Virág Vas
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Mehrabipour M, Jasemi NSK, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. A Systematic Compilation of Human SH3 Domains: A Versatile Superfamily in Cellular Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2054. [PMID: 37626864 PMCID: PMC10453029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SRC homology 3 (SH3) domains are fundamental modules that enable the assembly of protein complexes through physical interactions with a pool of proline-rich/noncanonical motifs from partner proteins. They are widely studied modular building blocks across all five kingdoms of life and viruses, mediating various biological processes. The SH3 domains are also implicated in the development of human diseases, such as cancer, leukemia, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various infections. A database search of the human proteome reveals the existence of 298 SH3 domains in 221 SH3 domain-containing proteins (SH3DCPs), ranging from 13 to 720 kilodaltons. A phylogenetic analysis of human SH3DCPs based on their multi-domain architecture seems to be the most practical way to classify them functionally, with regard to various physiological pathways. This review further summarizes the achievements made in the classification of SH3 domain functions, their binding specificity, and their significance for various diseases when exploiting SH3 protein modular interactions as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabipour
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
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O'Donoghue L, Comer SP, Hiebner DW, Schoen I, von Kriegsheim A, Smolenski A. RhoGAP6 interacts with COPI to regulate protein transport. Biochem J 2023; 480:1109-1127. [PMID: 37409526 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
RhoGAP6 is the most highly expressed GTPase-activating protein (GAP) in platelets specific for RhoA. Structurally RhoGAP6 contains a central catalytic GAP domain surrounded by large, disordered N- and C-termini of unknown function. Sequence analysis revealed three conserved consecutive overlapping di-tryptophan motifs close to the RhoGAP6 C-terminus which were predicted to bind to the mu homology domain (MHD) of δ-COP, a component of the COPI vesicle complex. We confirmed an endogenous interaction between RhoGAP6 and δ-COP in human platelets using GST-CD2AP which binds an N-terminal RhoGAP6 SH3 binding motif. Next, we confirmed that the MHD of δ-COP and the di-tryptophan motifs of RhoGAP6 mediate the interaction between both proteins. Each of the three di-tryptophan motifs appeared necessary for stable δ-COP binding. Proteomic analysis of other potential RhoGAP6 di-tryptophan motif binding partners indicated that the RhoGAP6/δ-COP interaction connects RhoGAP6 to the whole COPI complex. 14-3-3 was also established as a RhoGAP6 binding partner and its binding site was mapped to serine 37. We provide evidence of potential cross-regulation between 14-3-3 and δ-COP binding, however, neither δ-COP nor 14-3-3 binding to RhoGAP6 impacted RhoA activity. Instead, analysis of protein transport through the secretory pathway demonstrated that RhoGAP6/δ-COP binding increased protein transport to the plasma membrane, as did a catalytically inactive mutant of RhoGAP6. Overall, we have identified a novel interaction between RhoGAP6 and δ-COP which is mediated by conserved C-terminal di-tryptophan motifs, and which might control protein transport in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna O'Donoghue
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Shane P Comer
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Dishon W Hiebner
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- UCD School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, Engineering & Materials Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
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Jia X, Lin L, Xu S, Li L, Wei Z, Yu C, Niu F. Crystal Structure of the SH3 Domain of ASAP1 in Complex with the Proline Rich Motif (PRM) of MICAL1 Reveals a Unique SH3/PRM Interaction Mode. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1414. [PMID: 36674928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SH3 domains are common protein binding modules. The target sequence of SH3 domains is usually a proline-rich motif (PRM) containing a minimal "PxxP" sequence. The mechanism of how different SH3 domains specifically choose their targets from vast PxxP-containing sequences is still not very clear, as many reported SH3/PRM interactions are weak and promiscuous. Here, we identified the binding of the SH3 domain of ASAP1 to the PRM of MICAL1 with a sub-μM binding affinity, and determined the crystal structure of ASAP1-SH3 and MICAL1-PRM complex. Our structural and biochemical analyses revealed that the target-binding pocket of ASAP1-SH3 contains two negatively charged patches to recognize the "xPx + Px+" sequence in MICAL1-PRM and consequently strengthen the interaction, differing from the typical SH3/PRM interaction. This unique PRM-binding pocket is also found in the SH3 domains of GTPase Regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase (GRAF) and Src kinase associated phosphoprotein 1 (SKAP1), which we named SH3AGS. In addition, we searched the Swiss-Prot database and found ~130 proteins with the SH3AGS-binding PRM in silico. Finally, gene ontology analysis suggests that the strong interaction between the SH3AGS-containing proteins and their targets may play roles in actin cytoskeleton regulation and vesicle trafficking.
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Bryois J, Calini D, Macnair W, Foo L, Urich E, Ortmann W, Iglesias VA, Selvaraj S, Nutma E, Marzin M, Amor S, Williams A, Castelo-Branco G, Menon V, De Jager P, Malhotra D. Cell-type-specific cis-eQTLs in eight human brain cell types identify novel risk genes for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1104-12. [PMID: 35915177 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, most expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies, which investigate how genetic variants contribute to gene expression, have been performed in heterogeneous brain tissues rather than specific cell types. In this study, we performed an eQTL analysis using single-nuclei RNA sequencing from 192 individuals in eight brain cell types derived from the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex and white matter. We identified 7,607 eGenes, a substantial fraction (46%, 3,537/7,607) of which show cell-type-specific effects, with strongest effects in microglia. Cell-type-level eQTLs affected more constrained genes and had larger effect sizes than tissue-level eQTLs. Integration of brain cell type eQTLs with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed novel relationships between expression and disease risk for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. For most GWAS loci, a single gene co-localized in a single cell type, providing new clues into disease etiology. Our findings demonstrate substantial contrast in genetic regulation of gene expression among brain cell types and reveal potential mechanisms by which disease risk genes influence brain disorders.
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Marivin A, Ho RXY, Garcia-Marcos M. DAPLE orchestrates apical actomyosin assembly from junctional polarity complexes. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213115. [PMID: 35389423 PMCID: PMC8996326 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of apicobasal polarity and the organization of the cytoskeleton must operate coordinately to ensure proper epithelial cell shape and function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which polarity complexes directly instruct the cytoskeletal machinery to determine cell shape are poorly understood. Here, we define a mechanism by which the PAR polarity complex (PAR3–PAR6–aPKC) at apical cell junctions leads to efficient assembly of the apical actomyosin network to maintain epithelial cell morphology. We found that the PAR polarity complex recruits the protein DAPLE to apical cell junctions, which in turn triggers a two-pronged mechanism that converges upon assembly of apical actomyosin. More specifically, DAPLE directly recruits the actin-stabilizing protein CD2AP to apical junctions and, concomitantly, activates heterotrimeric G protein signaling in a GPCR-independent manner to favor RhoA-myosin activation. These observations establish DAPLE as a direct molecular link between junctional polarity complexes and the formation of apical cytoskeletal assemblies that support epithelial cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Xi-Yeen Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Shen R, Murphy CJ, Xu X, Hu M, Ding J, Wu C. Ras and Rab Interactor 3: From Cellular Mechanisms to Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824961. [PMID: 35359443 PMCID: PMC8963869 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras and Rab interactor 3 (RIN3) functions as a Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) for some members of the Rab family of small GTPase. By promoting the activation of Rab5, RIN3 plays an important role in regulating endocytosis and endocytic trafficking. In addition, RIN3 activates Ras, another small GTPase, that controls multiple signaling pathways to regulate cellular function. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of RIN3 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of several disease conditions ranging from Paget’s Disease of the Bone (PDB), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and to obesity. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified variants in the RIN3 gene to be linked with these disease conditions. Interestingly, some variants appear to be missense mutations in the functional domains of the RIN3 protein while most variants are located in the noncoding regions of the RIN3 gene, potentially altering its gene expression. However, neither the protein structure of RIN3 nor its exact function(s) (except for its GEF activity) has been fully defined. Furthermore, how the polymorphisms/variants contribute to disease pathogenesis remain to be understood. Herein, we examine, and review published studies in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the physiological function of RIN3; More importantly, we construct a framework linking the polymorphisms/variants of RIN3 to altered cell signaling and endocytic traffic, and to potential disease mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Shen
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Caitlin J Murphy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingzheng Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chengbiao Wu,
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Kouchi Z, Kojima M. Function of SYDE C2-RhoGAP family as signaling hubs for neuronal development deduced by computational analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4325. [PMID: 35279680 PMCID: PMC8918327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations of neurological developmental disorders have revealed the Rho-family modulators such as Syde and its interactors as the candidate genes. Although the mammalian Syde proteins are reported to possess GTPase-accelerating activity for RhoA-family proteins, diverse species-specific substrate selectivities and binding partners have been described, presumably based on their evolutionary variance in the molecular organization. A comprehensive in silico analysis of Syde family proteins was performed to elucidate their molecular functions and neurodevelopmental networks. Predicted structural modeling of the RhoGAP domain may account for the molecular constraints to substrate specificity among Rho-family proteins. Deducing conserved binding motifs can extend the Syde interaction network and highlight diverse but Syde isoform-specific signaling pathways in neuronal homeostasis, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity from novel aspects of post-translational modification and proteolysis.
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Robbins M, Clayton E, Kaminski Schierle GS. Synaptic tau: A pathological or physiological phenomenon? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:149. [PMID: 34503576 PMCID: PMC8428049 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the synaptic aspects of Tau pathology occurring during Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how this may relate to memory impairment, a major hallmark of AD. Whilst the clinical diagnosis of AD patients is a loss of working memory and long-term declarative memory, the histological diagnosis is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau and Amyloid-beta plaques. Tau pathology spreads through synaptically connected neurons to impair synaptic function preceding the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, axonal retraction and cell death. Alongside synaptic pathology, recent data suggest that Tau has physiological roles in the pre- or post- synaptic compartments. Thus, we have seen a shift in the research focus from Tau as a microtubule-stabilising protein in axons, to Tau as a synaptic protein with roles in accelerating spine formation, dendritic elongation, and in synaptic plasticity coordinating memory pathways. We collate here the myriad of emerging interactions and physiological roles of synaptic Tau, and discuss the current evidence that synaptic Tau contributes to pathology in AD.
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Zhang Z, Cottignie I, Van Zeebroeck G, Thevelein JM. Nutrient transceptors physically interact with the yeast S6/protein kinase B homolog, Sch9, a TOR kinase target. Biochem J 2021; 478:357-75. [PMID: 33394033 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple starvation-induced, high-affinity nutrient transporters in yeast function as receptors for activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway upon re-addition of their substrate. We now show that these transceptors may play more extended roles in nutrient regulation. The Gap1 amino acid, Mep2 ammonium, Pho84 phosphate and Sul1 sulfate transceptors physically interact in vitro and in vivo with the PKA-related Sch9 protein kinase, the yeast homolog of mammalian S6 protein kinase and protein kinase B. Sch9 is a phosphorylation target of TOR and well known to affect nutrient-controlled cellular processes, such as growth rate. Mapping with peptide microarrays suggests specific interaction domains in Gap1 for Sch9 binding. Mutagenesis of the major domain affects the upstart of growth upon the addition of L-citrulline to nitrogen-starved cells to different extents but apparently does not affect in vitro binding. It also does not correlate with the drop in L-citrulline uptake capacity or transceptor activation of the PKA target trehalase by the Gap1 mutant forms. Our results reveal a nutrient transceptor-Sch9-TOR axis in which Sch9 accessibility for phosphorylation by TOR may be affected by nutrient transceptor-Sch9 interaction under conditions of nutrient starvation or other environmental challenges.
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Corces MR, Shcherbina A, Kundu S, Gloudemans MJ, Frésard L, Granja JM, Louie BH, Eulalio T, Shams S, Bagdatli ST, Mumbach MR, Liu B, Montine KS, Greenleaf WJ, Kundaje A, Montgomery SB, Chang HY, Montine TJ. Single-cell epigenomic analyses implicate candidate causal variants at inherited risk loci for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1158-1168. [PMID: 33106633 PMCID: PMC7606627 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of neurological diseases have identified thousands of variants associated with disease phenotypes. However, most of these variants do not alter coding sequences, making it difficult to assign their function. Here, we present a multi-omic epigenetic atlas of the adult human brain through profiling of single-cell chromatin accessibility landscapes and three-dimensional chromatin interactions of diverse adult brain regions across a cohort of cognitively healthy individuals. We developed a machine-learning classifier to integrate this multi-omic framework and predict dozens of functional SNPs for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, nominating target genes and cell types for previously orphaned loci from genome-wide association studies. Moreover, we dissected the complex inverted haplotype of the MAPT (encoding tau) Parkinson's disease risk locus, identifying putative ectopic regulatory interactions in neurons that may mediate this disease association. This work expands understanding of inherited variation and provides a roadmap for the epigenomic dissection of causal regulatory variation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ryan Corces
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soumya Kundu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Gloudemans
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laure Frésard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Granja
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryan H Louie
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Eulalio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shadi Shams
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Tansu Bagdatli
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Baidu Research, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Shen R, Zhao X, He L, Ding Y, Xu W, Lin S, Fang S, Yang W, Sung K, Spencer B, Rissman RA, Lei M, Ding J, Wu C. Upregulation of RIN3 induces endosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:26. [PMID: 32552912 PMCID: PMC7301499 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's Disease (AD), about one-third of the risk genes identified by GWAS encode proteins that function predominantly in the endocytic pathways. Among them, the Ras and Rab Interactor 3(RIN3) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rab5 small GTPase family and has been implicated to be a risk factor for both late onset AD (LOAD) and sporadic early onset AD (sEOAD). However, how RIN3 is linked to AD pathogenesis is currently undefined. METHODS Quantitative PCR and immunoblotting were used to measure the RIN3 expression level in mouse brain tissues and cultured basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCNs). Immunostaining was used to define subcellular localization of RIN3 and to visualize endosomal changes in cultured primary BFCNs and PC12 cells. Recombinant flag-tagged RIN3 protein was purified from HEK293T cells and was used to define RIN3-interactomes by mass spectrometry. RIN3-interacting partners were validated by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and yeast two hybrid assays. Live imaging of primary neurons was used to examine axonal transport of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-secretase 1 (BACE1). Immunoblotting was used to detect protein expression, processing of APP and phosphorylated forms of Tau. RESULTS We have shown that RIN3 mRNA level was significantly increased in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mouse brain. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) cultured from E18 APP/PS1 mouse embryos also showed increased RIN3 expression accompanied by early endosome enlargement. In addition, via its proline rich domain, RIN3 recruited BIN1(bridging integrator 1) and CD2AP (CD2 associated protein), two other AD risk factors, to early endosomes. Interestingly, overexpression of RIN3 or CD2AP promoted APP cleavage to increase its carboxyl terminal fragments (CTFs) in PC12 cells. Upregulation of RIN3 or the neuronal isoform of BIN1 increased phosphorylated Tau level. Therefore, upregulation of RIN3 expression promoted accumulation of APP CTFs and increased phosphorylated Tau. These effects by RIN3 was rescued by the expression of a dominant negative Rab5 (Rab5S34N) construct. Our study has thus pointed to that RIN3 acts through Rab5 to impact endosomal trafficking and signaling. CONCLUSION RIN3 is significantly upregulated and correlated with endosomal dysfunction in APP/PS1 mouse. Through interacting with BIN1 and CD2AP, increased RIN3 expression alters axonal trafficking and procession of APP. Together with our previous studies, our current work has thus provided important insights into the role of RIN3 in regulating endosomal signaling and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Shen
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Xiaobei Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Lu He
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongbo Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Suzhen Lin
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Savannah Fang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA.,Department of Neurology, Zhuijiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kijung Sung
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA.,San Diego VA Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ming Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Room 312 MC-0624,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA.
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13
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Nanjundaiah S, Chidambaram H, Chandrashekar M, Chinnathambi S. Role of Microglia in Regulating Cholesterol and Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:651-668. [PMID: 32468440 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol, a principal constituent of the cell membrane, plays a crucial role in the brain by regulating the synaptic transmission, neuronal signaling, as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Defects in the cholesterol trafficking are associated with enhanced generation of hyperphosphorylated Tau and Amyloid-β protein. Tau, a major microtubule-associated protein in the brain, is the key regulator of the mature neuron. Abnormally hyperphosphorylated Tau hampers the major functions related to microtubule assembly by promoting neurofibrillary tangles of paired helical filaments, twisted ribbons, and straight filaments. The observed pathological changes due to impaired cholesterol and Tau protein accumulation cause Alzheimer's disease. Thus, in order to regulate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, regulation of cholesterol metabolism, as well as Tau phosphorylation, is essential. The current review provides an overview of (1) cholesterol synthesis in the brain, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia; (2) the mechanism involved in modulating cholesterol concentration between the astrocytes and brain; (3) major mechanisms involved in the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and amyloid-β protein; and (4) microglial involvement in its regulation. Thus, the answering key questions will provide an in-depth information on microglia involvement in managing the pathogenesis of cholesterol-modulated hyperphosphorylated Tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha Nanjundaiah
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Madhura Chandrashekar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, MIT University, Loni Kalbhor, Pune, 412201, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India.
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14
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Abstract
Evidence accumulated over the past decade provides support for liquid-liquid phase separation as the mechanism underlying the formation of biomolecular condensates, which include not only 'membraneless' organelles such as nucleoli and RNA granules, but additional assemblies involved in transcription, translation and signaling. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of condensate function requires knowledge of the structures of their constituents. Current knowledge suggests that structures formed via multivalent domain-motif interactions remain largely unchanged within condensates. Two different viewpoints exist regarding structures of disordered low-complexity domains within condensates; one argues that low-complexity domains remain largely disordered in condensates and their multivalency is encoded in short motifs called 'stickers', while the other argues that the sequences form cross-β structures resembling amyloid fibrils. We review these viewpoints and highlight outstanding questions that will inform structure-function relationships for biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Peran
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tanja Mittag
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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15
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Agback P, Dominguez F, Pustovalova Y, Lukash T, Shiliaev N, Orekhov VY, Frolov I, Agback T, Frolova EI. Structural characterization and biological function of bivalent binding of CD2AP to intrinsically disordered domain of chikungunya virus nsP3 protein. Virology 2019; 537:130-142. [PMID: 31493651 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alphavirus nsP3 proteins contain long, intrinsically disordered, hypervariable domains, HVD, which serve as hubs for interaction with many cellular proteins. Here, we have deciphered the mechanism and function of HVD interaction with host factors in alphavirus replication. Using NMR spectroscopy, we show that CHIKV HVD contains two SH3 domain-binding sites. Using an innovative chemical shift perturbation signature approach, we demonstrate that CD2AP interaction with HVD is mediated by its SH3-A and SH3-C domains, and this leaves the SH3-B domain available for interaction with other cellular factor(s). This cooperative interaction with two SH3 domains increases binding affinity to CD2AP and possibly induces long-range allosteric effects in HVD. Our data demonstrate that BIN1, CD2AP and SH3KBP1 play redundant roles in initiation of CHIKV replication. Point mutations in both CHIKV HVD binding sites abolish its interaction with all three proteins, CD2AP, BIN1 and SH3KBP1. This results in strong inhibition of viral replication initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Agback
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Yulia Pustovalova
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Lukash
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nikita Shiliaev
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vladislav Yu Orekhov
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilya Frolov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tatiana Agback
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena I Frolova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.
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16
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Van Acker ZP, Bretou M, Annaert W. Endo-lysosomal dysregulations and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: impact of genetic risk factors. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31159836 PMCID: PMC6547588 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that cellular dysregulations in the degradative routes contribute to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Autophagy and endolysosomal homeostasis need to be maintained throughout life as they are major cellular mechanisms involved in both the production of toxic amyloid peptides and the clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins. As such, alterations in endolysosomal and autophagic flux, as a measure of degradation activity in these routes or compartments, may directly impact as well on disease-related mechanisms such as amyloid-β clearance through the blood-brain-barrier and the interneuronal spreading of amyloid-β and/or Tau seeds, affecting synaptic function, plasticity and metabolism. The emerging of several genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease that are functionally related to endocytic transport regulation, including cholesterol metabolism and clearance, supports the notion that in particular the autophagy/lysosomal flux might become more vulnerable during ageing thereby contributing to disease onset. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of the risk genes APOE4, BIN1, CD2AP, PICALM, PLD3 and TREM2 and their impact on endolysosomal (dys)regulations in the light of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Juul Rasmussen I, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Rasmussen KL, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke-Schmidt R. Blood-brain barrier transcytosis genes, risk of dementia and stroke: a prospective cohort study of 74,754 individuals. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:579-590. [PMID: 30830563 PMCID: PMC6497814 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To test whether genetic variants in PICALM, BIN1, CD2AP, and RIN3-suggested to be involved in blood-brain barrier amyloid-β transcytosis pathways-associate with Alzheimer's disease, all dementia, suggested vascular dementia, and stroke, and whether such associations are independent of the strong ε4 APOE risk allele. In a prospective cohort study of 74,754 individuals from the general population we genotyped PICALM (rs10792832), BIN1 (rs6733839), CD2AP (rs10948363), and RIN3 (rs10498633), and generated a weighted and a simple allele score. Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for the fourth quartile versus the first quartile of the weighted allele score were 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.22-1.64) for Alzheimer's disease, and 1.33 (1.19-1.48) for all dementia. For suggested vascular dementia and stroke the corresponding estimates were 1.71 (1.18-2.49) and 1.12 (1.04-1.22), respectively. Hazard ratios were similar after APOE adjustment. Genetic variants in PICALM, BIN1, CD2AP, and RIN3 are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, all dementia, and suggested vascular dementia independent of the strong APOE ε4 allele. These findings may suggest that clathrin-mediated endocytosis in clearance of amyloid-β across the blood-brain barrier is important for the integrity of both brain tissue and cerebral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Juul Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry KB 3011, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry KB 3011, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Laura Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry KB 3011, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry KB 3011, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Kozlova N, Mennerich D, Samoylenko A, Dimova EY, Koivunen P, Biterova E, Richter K, Hassinen A, Kellokumpu S, Manninen A, Miinalainen I, Glumoff V, Ruddock L, Drobot LB, Kietzmann T. The Pro-Oncogenic Adaptor CIN85 Acts as an Inhibitory Binding Partner of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase 2. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4042-4056. [PMID: 31142511 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The EGFR adaptor protein, CIN85, has been shown to promote breast cancer malignancy and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stability. However, the mechanisms underlying cancer promotion remain ill defined. Here we show that CIN85 is a novel binding partner of the main HIF-prolyl hydroxylase, PHD2, but not of PHD1 or PHD3. Mechanistically, the N-terminal SRC homology 3 domains of CIN85 interacted with the proline-arginine-rich region within the N-terminus of PHD2, thereby inhibiting PHD2 activity and HIF degradation. This activity is essential in vivo, as specific loss of the CIN85-PHD2 interaction in CRISPR/Cas9-edited cells affected growth and migration properties, as well as tumor growth in mice. Overall, we discovered a previously unrecognized tumor growth checkpoint that is regulated by CIN85-PHD2 and uncovered an essential survival function in tumor cells by linking growth factor adaptors with hypoxia signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides unprecedented evidence for an oxygen-independent mechanism of PHD2 regulation that has important implications in cancer cell survival. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/16/4042/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kozlova
- Cancer Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anatoly Samoylenko
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Biterova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kati Richter
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki Manninen
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Virpi Glumoff
- The Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lloyd Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lyudmyla Borysivna Drobot
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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19
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Furusawa K, Takasugi T, Chiu YW, Hori Y, Tomita T, Fukuda M, Hisanaga SI. CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) overexpression accelerates amyloid precursor protein (APP) transfer from early endosomes to the lysosomal degradation pathway. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10886-10899. [PMID: 31138646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is the appearance of senile plaques, which are composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Aβ is produced by sequential cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. These cleavages take place in endosomes during intracellular trafficking of APP through the endocytic and recycling pathways. Genome-wide association studies have identified several risk factors for late-onset AD, one of which is CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), an adaptor molecule that regulates membrane trafficking. Although CD2AP's involvement in APP trafficking has recently been reported, how APP trafficking is regulated remains unclear. We sought to address this question by investigating the effect of CD2AP overexpression or knockdown on the intracellular APP distribution and degradation of APP in cultured COS-7 and HEK293 cells. We found that overexpression of CD2AP increases the localization of APP to Rab7-positive late endosomes, and decreases its localization to Rab5-positive early endosomes. CD2AP overexpression accelerated the onset of APP degradation without affecting its degradation rate. Furthermore, nutrient starvation increased the localization of APP to Rab7-positive late endosomes, and CD2AP overexpression stimulated starvation-induced lysosomal APP degradation. Moreover, the effect of CD2AP on the degradation of APP was confirmed by CD2AP overexpression and knockdown in primary cortical neurons from mice. We conclude that CD2AP accelerates the transfer of APP from early to late endosomes. This transfer in localization stimulates APP degradation by reducing the amount of time before degradation initiation. Taken together, these results may explain why impaired CD2AP function is a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Furusawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Toshiyuki Takasugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Yung-Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397,.
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20
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Kokoszka ME, Kall SL, Khosla S, McGinnis JE, Lavie A, Kay BK. Identification of two distinct peptide-binding pockets in the SH3 domain of human mixed-lineage kinase 3. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13553-13565. [PMID: 29980598 PMCID: PMC6120190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3; also known as MAP3K11) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase widely expressed in normal and cancerous tissues, including brain, lung, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues. Its Src homology 3 (SH3) domain has been implicated in MLK3 autoinhibition and interactions with other proteins, including those from viruses. The MLK3 SH3 domain contains a six-amino-acid insert corresponding to the n-Src insert, suggesting that MLK3 may bind additional peptides. Here, affinity selection of a phage-displayed combinatorial peptide library for MLK3's SH3 domain yielded a 13-mer peptide, designated "MLK3 SH3-interacting peptide" (MIP). Unlike most SH3 domain peptide ligands, MIP contained a single proline. The 1.2-Å crystal structure of the MIP-bound SH3 domain revealed that the peptide adopts a β-hairpin shape, and comparison with a 1.5-Å apo SH3 domain structure disclosed that the n-Src loop in SH3 undergoes an MIP-induced conformational change. A 1.5-Å structure of the MLK3 SH3 domain bound to a canonical proline-rich peptide from hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein revealed that it and MIP bind the SH3 domain at two distinct sites, but biophysical analyses suggested that the two peptides compete with each other for SH3 binding. Moreover, SH3 domains of MLK1 and MLK4, but not MLK2, also bound MIP, suggesting that the MLK1-4 family may be differentially regulated through their SH3 domains. In summary, we have identified two distinct peptide-binding sites in the SH3 domain of MLK3, providing critical insights into mechanisms of ligand binding by the MLK family of kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie L Kall
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | | | | | - Arnon Lavie
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Brian K Kay
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
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21
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Mutso M, Morro AM, Smedberg C, Kasvandik S, Aquilimeba M, Teppor M, Tarve L, Lulla A, Lulla V, Saul S, Thaa B, McInerney GM, Merits A, Varjak M. Mutation of CD2AP and SH3KBP1 Binding Motif in Alphavirus nsP3 Hypervariable Domain Results in Attenuated Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:E226. [PMID: 29702546 PMCID: PMC5977219 DOI: 10.3390/v10050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) of the Old World alphaviruses (family Togaviridae) in humans can cause arthritis and arthralgia. The virus encodes four non-structural proteins (nsP) (nsP1, nsp2, nsP3 and nsP4) that act as subunits of the virus replicase. These proteins also interact with numerous host proteins and some crucial interactions are mediated by the unstructured C-terminal hypervariable domain (HVD) of nsP3. In this study, a human cell line expressing EGFP tagged with CHIKV nsP3 HVD was established. Using quantitative proteomics, it was found that CHIKV nsP3 HVD can bind cytoskeletal proteins, including CD2AP, SH3KBP1, CAPZA1, CAPZA2 and CAPZB. The interaction with CD2AP was found to be most evident; its binding site was mapped to the second SH3 ligand-like element in nsP3 HVD. Further assessment indicated that CD2AP can bind to nsP3 HVDs of many different New and Old World alphaviruses. Mutation of the short binding element hampered the ability of the virus to establish infection. The mutation also abolished ability of CD2AP to co-localise with nsP3 and replication complexes of CHIKV; the same was observed for Semliki Forest virus (SFV) harbouring a similar mutation. Similar to CD2AP, its homolog SH3KBP1 also bound the identified motif in CHIKV and SFV nsP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Mutso
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ainhoa Moliner Morro
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Smedberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | - Mona Teppor
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Liisi Tarve
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Valeria Lulla
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sirle Saul
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Bastian Thaa
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gerald M McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Margus Varjak
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C. Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Abstract
Hansen et al. review the potential dual helpful and harmful roles of microglia in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Proliferation and activation of microglia in the brain, concentrated around amyloid plaques, is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Human genetics data point to a key role for microglia in the pathogenesis of AD. The majority of risk genes for AD are highly expressed (and many are selectively expressed) by microglia in the brain. There is mounting evidence that microglia protect against the incidence of AD, as impaired microglial activities and altered microglial responses to β-amyloid are associated with increased AD risk. On the other hand, there is also abundant evidence that activated microglia can be harmful to neurons. Microglia can mediate synapse loss by engulfment of synapses, likely via a complement-dependent mechanism; they can also exacerbate tau pathology and secrete inflammatory factors that can injure neurons directly or via activation of neurotoxic astrocytes. Gene expression profiles indicate multiple states of microglial activation in neurodegenerative disease settings, which might explain the disparate roles of microglia in the development and progression of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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24
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Teyra J, Huang H, Jain S, Guan X, Dong A, Liu Y, Tempel W, Min J, Tong Y, Kim PM, Bader GD, Sidhu SS. Comprehensive Analysis of the Human SH3 Domain Family Reveals a Wide Variety of Non-canonical Specificities. Structure 2017; 25:1598-1610.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Kwon SH, Oh S, Nacke M, Mostov KE, Lipschutz JH. Adaptor Protein CD2AP and L-type Lectin LMAN2 Regulate Exosome Cargo Protein Trafficking through the Golgi Complex. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25462-25475. [PMID: 27765817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, 40-150-nm extracellular vesicles, transport biological macromolecules that mediate intercellular communications. Although exosomes are known to originate from maturation of endosomes into multivesicular endosomes (also known as multivesicular bodies) with subsequent fusion of the multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane, it remains unclear how cargos are selected for exosomal release. Using an inducible expression system for the exosome cargo protein GPRC5B and following its trafficking trajectory, we show here that newly synthesized GPRC5B protein accumulates in the Golgi complex prior to its release into exosomes. The L-type lectin LMAN2 (also known as VIP36) appears to be specifically required for the accumulation of GPRC5B in the Golgi complex and restriction of GPRC5B transport along the exosomal pathway. This may occur due to interference with the adaptor protein GGA1-mediated trans Golgi network-to-endosome transport of GPRC5B. The adaptor protein CD2AP-mediated internalization following cell surface delivery appears to contribute to the Golgi accumulation of GPRC5B, possibly in parallel with biosynthetic/secretory trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data thus reveal a Golgi-traversing pathway for exosomal release of the cargo protein GPRC5B in which CD2AP facilitates the entry and LMAN2 impedes the exit of the flux, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kwon
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,
| | - Sekyung Oh
- the Department of Radiology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, and.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Marisa Nacke
- the Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry/Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Keith E Mostov
- the Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry/Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.,the Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
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26
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Tossavainen H, Aitio O, Hellman M, Saksela K, Permi P. Structural Basis of the High Affinity Interaction between the Alphavirus Nonstructural Protein-3 (nsP3) and the SH3 Domain of Amphiphysin-2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16307-17. [PMID: 27268056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that a peptide from Chikungunya virus nsP3 protein spanning residues 1728-1744 binds the amphiphysin-2 (BIN1) Src homology-3 (SH3) domain with an unusually high affinity (Kd 24 nm). Our NMR solution complex structure together with isothermal titration calorimetry data on several related viral and cellular peptide ligands reveal that this exceptional affinity originates from interactions between multiple basic residues in the target peptide and the extensive negatively charged binding surface of amphiphysin-2 SH3. Remarkably, these arginines show no fixed conformation in the complex structure, indicating that a transient or fluctuating polyelectrostatic interaction accounts for this affinity. Thus, via optimization of such dynamic electrostatic forces, viral peptides have evolved a superior binding affinity for amphiphysin-2 SH3 compared with typical cellular ligands, such as dynamin, thereby enabling hijacking of amphiphysin-2 SH3-regulated host cell processes by these viruses. Moreover, our data show that the previously described consensus sequence PXRPXR for amphiphysin SH3 ligands is inaccurate and instead define it as an extended Class II binding motif PXXPXRpXR, where additional positive charges between the two constant arginine residues can give rise to extraordinary high SH3 binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tossavainen
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and
| | - Olli Aitio
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and
| | - Maarit Hellman
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and
| | - Kalle Saksela
- the Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Perttu Permi
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and the Departments of Biological and Environmental Science and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
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27
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Ishida M, E Oguchi M, Fukuda M. Multiple Types of Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) for Rab Small GTPases. Cell Struct Funct 2016; 41:61-79. [PMID: 27246931 DOI: 10.1247/csf.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab small GTPases are highly conserved master regulators of membrane traffic in all eukaryotes. The same as the activation and inactivation of other small GTPases, the activation and inactivation of Rabs are tightly controlled by specific GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins), respectively. Although almost all Rab-GAPs reported thus far have a TBC (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16)/Rab-GAP domain in common, recent accumulating evidence has indicated the existence of a number of structurally unrelated types of Rab-GEFs, including DENN proteins, VPS9 proteins, Sec2 proteins, TRAPP complexes, heterodimer GEFs (Mon1-Ccz1, HPS1-HPS4 (BLOC-3 complex), Ric1-Rgp1 and Rab3GAP1/2), and other GEFs (e.g., REI-1 and RPGR). In this review article we provide an up-to-date overview of the structures and functions of all putative Rab-GEFs in mammals, with a special focus on their substrate Rabs, interacting proteins, associations with genetic diseases, and intracellular localizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morié Ishida
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
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28
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Xiao Y, Wu W, Gao J, Smith N, Burkard C, Xia D, Zhang M, Wang C, Archibald A, Digard P, Zhou EM, Hiscox JA. Characterization of the Interactome of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Reveals the Hyper Variable Region as a Binding Platform for Association with 14–3–3 Proteins. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1388-401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Xiao
- Department
of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, U.K
- Department
of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary
Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Weining Wu
- Department
of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, U.K
| | - Jiming Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Nikki Smith
- The
Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, U.K
| | - Christine Burkard
- The
Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, U.K
| | - Dong Xia
- Department
of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, U.K
| | - Minxia Zhang
- Department
of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary
Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Chengbao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Alan Archibald
- The
Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, U.K
| | - Paul Digard
- The
Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, U.K
| | - En-min Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Department
of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, U.K
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
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