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Xu Y, Chen W, Yang H, Song Z, Wang Y, Su R, Mwacharo JM, Lv X, Sun W. miR-329b-5p Affects Sheep Intestinal Epithelial Cells against Escherichia coli F17 Infection. Vet Sci 2024; 11:206. [PMID: 38787178 PMCID: PMC11126089 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the most common issue in sheep farms, typically due to pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, such as E. coli F17. microRNA, a primary type of non-coding RNA, has been shown to be involved in diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli. To elucidate the profound mechanisms of miRNA in E. coli F17 infections, methods such as E. coli F17 adhesion assay, colony counting assay, relative quantification of bacterial E. coli fimbriae gene expression, indirect immune fluorescence (IF), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Western blotting (WB), and scratch assay were conducted to investigate the effect of miR-329b-5p overexpression/knock-down on E. coli F17 susceptibility of sheep intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The findings indicated that miR-329b-5p enhances the E. coli F17 resistance of sheep IECs to E.coli F17 by promoting adhesion between E. coli F17 and IEC, as well as IEC proliferation and migration. In summary, miR-329b-5p plays a crucial role in the defense of sheep IECs against E. coli F17 infection, providing valuable insights into its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Weihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Huiguo Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830013, China;
| | - Zhenghai Song
- Dongshan Animal Epidemic Prevention Station, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215100, China;
| | - Yeqing Wang
- Suzhou Taihu Dongshang Sheep Industry Development Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Rui Su
- Suzhou Stud Farm Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215200, China;
| | - Joram M. Mwacharo
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia;
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.X.); (W.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Wang L, Wang J, Li Y, Dang S, Fan H, Xia S, Gan M, Tang T, Shao J, Jia X, Lai S. High expression of miR-30c-5p in satellite cells of high-fat diet-induced obese rabbits inhibited satellite cell proliferation and promoted differentiation. Gene 2023; 883:147656. [PMID: 37479097 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
It was revealed in our previous study that the expression of miR-30c-5p in the skeletal muscle of rabbits fed high-fat diet was highly expressed. In the present study, we further investigated the function of miR-30c-5p in proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cell (SMSC). The results obtained in the present study showed that the skeletal muscle fibers of the rabbits fed the standard normal diet (SND) were orderly, regular, and uniform after HE staining, however, the muscle fibers of the rabbits fed the high-fat diet (HFD) were generally atrophied, some were arranged disorderly, the intercellular space was enlarged, the nucleus was increased, and the morphology and position were abnormal. Compared with the SND group, it was observed that the weekly weight gain and fat percentage were relatively higher, and also the levels of the serum biochemical indexes such as glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride increased significantly in the rabbits fed with HFD. In addition, the results after the transfection of miR-30c-5p mimic, mimic NC (negative control), miR-30c-5p inhibitor, and inhibitor NC into the SMSCs showed that the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) proliferation experiment suggested that the number of cells in the over expression group was significantly lower than that in the mimic NC group at 48, 72, 96 h of cell proliferation. At 48, 72, 120 h, the number of cells in the inhibitor group was significantly higher than that in the mimic NC group. The number of EdU positive cells decreased significantly in the over expression group compared with the mimic NC group, however, it increased significantly in the inhibitor group compared with the inhibitor NC group. Moreover, compared with the mimic NC group, the myotube area increased significantly in the miR-30c-5p mimic group, whereas it decreased significantly in the miR-30c-5p inhibitor group as compared with the inhibitor NC group. In addition, we found that trinucleotide repeat containing adaptor 6A (TNRC6A) was successfully validated as a target gene for miR-30c-5p. The expression of TNRC6A in the miR-30c-5p mimic group was significantly lower than that in the mimic NC group. It was further observed that the expression of TNRC6A increased significantly in the miR-30c-5p inhibitor group as compared to that in the inhibitor NC group. Taken together, the results obtained in this study showed that miR-30c-5p promotes the differentiation as well as inhibits the proliferation of rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells, and TNRC6A is a target gene of miR-30c-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shuzhang Dang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huimei Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Siqi Xia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Mingchuan Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Tao Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jiahao Shao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Lv W, Sha Y, Liu X, He Y, Hu J, Wang J, Li S, Guo X, Shao P, Zhao F, Li M. Interaction between Rumen Epithelial miRNAs-Microbiota-Metabolites in Response to Cold-Season Nutritional Stress in Tibetan Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14489. [PMID: 37833936 PMCID: PMC10572940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep are already well adapted to cold season nutrient stress on the Tibetan Plateau. Rumen, an important nutrient for metabolism and as an absorption organ in ruminants, plays a vital role in the cold stress adaptations of Tibetan sheep. Ruminal microbiota also plays an indispensable role in rumen function. In this study, combined multiomics data were utilized to comprehensively analyze the interaction mechanism between rumen epithelial miRNAs and microbiota and their metabolites in Tibetan sheep under nutrient stress in the cold season. A total of 949 miRNAs were identified in the rumen epithelium of both cold and warm seasons. A total of 62 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were screened using FC > 1.5 and p value < 0.01, and a total of 20,206 targeted genes were predicted by DE miRNAs. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DE miRNA-targeted genes were mainly enriched in axon guidance(ko04360), tight junction(ko04530), inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels(ko04750) and metabolism-related pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that rumen microbiota, rumen VFAs and DE miRNAs were all correlated. Further study revealed that the targeted genes of cold and warm season rumen epithelial DE miRNAs were coenriched with differential metabolites of microbiota in glycerophospholipid metabolism (ko00564), apoptosis (ko04210), inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (ko04750), small cell lung cancer (ko05222), and choline metabolism in cancer (ko05231) pathways. There are several interactions between Tibetan sheep rumen epithelial miRNAs, rumen microbiota, and microbial metabolites, mainly through maintaining rumen epithelial barrier function and host homeostasis of choline and cholesterol, improving host immunity, and promoting energy metabolism pathways, thus enabling Tibetan sheep to effectively respond to cold season nutrient stress. The results also suggest that rumen microbiota have coevolved with their hosts to improve the adaptive capacity of Tibetan sheep to cold season nutrient stress, providing a new perspective for the study of cold season nutritional stress adaptation in Tibetan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhu Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Yanyu He
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Pengyang Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingna Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
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Khanehzad M, Abolhasani F, Hassanzadeh G, Nourashrafeddin SM, Hedayatpour A. Determination of the Excitatory Effects of MicroRNA-30 in the Self-Renewal and Differentiation Process of Neonatal Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1829. [PMID: 34466599 PMCID: PMC8344142 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are considered as special stem cells since they have the ability of self-renewal, differentiation, and transferring genetic information to the next generation. Also, they considered as vital players in initiating and preserving spermatogenesis. The fate decisions of SSCs are mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, among which microRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the most essential factors in spermatogenesis among endogenous regulators. However, the mechanisms by which individual miRNAs regulate self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs are unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of miRNA-30 mimic on fate determinations of SSCs. Materials and Methods: The obtained SSCs from neonatal mice (3-6 days old) were purified by MACS and flow cytometry with a promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger marker. Then, the cultured cells were transfected with miRNA- 30 mimic, and finally, the changes in expressing ID4 and c-kit proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. Results: According to flow cytometry findings, the percentage of SSC purity was about 98.32. The expression of ID4 protein and colonization increased significantly through the transfection of miRNA-30 mimic (P<0.05). Conclusion: The miRNA-30 controls spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, which may have significant implications for treating male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khanehzad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abolhasani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nourashrafeddin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Hedayatpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Azim Hedayatpour Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Telephone Number: +982166419072 Email Address:
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Khanehzad M, Nourashrafeddin SM, Abolhassani F, Kazemzadeh S, Madadi S, Shiri E, Khanlari P, Khosravizadeh Z, Hedayatpour A. MicroRNA-30a-5p promotes differentiation in neonatal mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:85. [PMID: 34108007 PMCID: PMC8188658 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in spermatogenesis is crucial and intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals mediate fate decisions of SSCs. Among endogenous regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical role in spermatogenesis. However, the mechanisms which individual miRNAs regulate self- renewal and differentiation of SSCs are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of miRNA-30a-5p inhibitor on fate determinations of SSCs. METHODS SSCs were isolated from testes of neonate mice (3-6 days old) and their purities were performed by flow cytometry with ID4 and Thy1 markers. Cultured cells were transfected with miRNA- 30a-5p inhibitor. Evaluation of the proliferation (GFRA1, PLZF and ID4) and differentiation (C-Kit & STRA8) markers of SSCs were accomplished by immunocytochemistry and western blot 48 h after transfection. RESULTS Based on the results of flow cytometry with ID4 and Thy1 markers, percentage of purity of SSCs was about 84.3 and 97.4 % respectively. It was found that expression of differentiation markers after transfection was significantly higher in miRNA-30a- 5p inhibitor group compared to other groups. The results of proliferation markers evaluation also showed decrease of GFRA1, PLZF and ID4 protein in SSCs transfected with miRNA-30a-5p inhibitor compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that inhibition of miRNA-30a-5p by overexpression of differentiation markers promotes differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khanehzad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nourashrafeddin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abolhassani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Kazemzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Madadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Elham Shiri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parastoo Khanlari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Hedayatpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Shan TD, Yue H, Sun XG, Jiang YP, Chen L. Rspo3 regulates the abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells in diabetic state. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:330. [PMID: 34099046 PMCID: PMC8186182 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complications caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) are the focus of clinical treatment. However, little is known about diabetic enteropathy (DE) and its potential underlying mechanism. Methods Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) were harvested from BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/JNju (DM) mice, and the expression of R-Spondin 3 (Rspo3) was detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. The role of Rspo3 in the abnormal differentiation of IECs during DM was confirmed by knockdown experiments. Through miRNA expression profiling, bioinformatics analysis, and RT-qPCR, we further analyzed the differentiation-related miRNAs in the IECs from mice with DM. Results Abnormal differentiation of IECs was observed in the mice with DM. The expression of Rspo3 was upregulated in the IECs from the mice with DM. This phenomenon was associated with Rspo3 overexpression. Additionally, Rspo3 is a major determinant of Lgr5+ stem cell identity in the diabetic state. Microarray analysis, bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that microRNA (miR)-380-5p directly targeted Rspo3. Moreover, miR-380-5p upregulation was observed to attenuate the abnormal differentiation of IECs by regulating Rspo3 expression. Conclusions Together, our results provide definitive evidence of the essential role of Rspo3 in the differentiation of IECs in DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02385-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China.
| | - Han Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Guo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
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Leroux C, Chervet ML, German JB. Perspective: Milk microRNAs as Important Players in Infant Physiology and Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1625-1635. [PMID: 34022770 PMCID: PMC8483967 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary selective pressure on lactation has resulted in milk that provides far more than simply essential nutrients, delivering a complex repertoire of agents from hormones to intact cells. Human infants are born with low barrier integrity of their gut, which means that many of the complex biopolymer components of milk enter and circulate in lymph and blood, reaching organs throughout the body. Due to this state of gut maturation, all components of milk are potentially part of the crosstalk between mother and infants. This article highlights the functions of milk's complex biopolymers, more specifically the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in extracellular vesicles in human milk. miRNAs are key effectors in the regulation of many biological processes during early-age development, and consequently milk-sourced miRNAs must be considered to provide unique biological assets to the infant during breastfeeding. This article interprets the evidence of the potential action of human milk miRNAs on infant development, taking into account their abundance in milk based on the literature and current knowledge. Human milk miRNAs appear to influence lipid and glucose metabolism, gut maturation, neurogenesis, and immunity. We also show growing evidence that human milk miRNAs are epigenetic modulators that play a pivotal role in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression throughout life. Furthermore, this article addresses the ongoing debate regarding the potential influence of human milk miRNAs on viral infection as a new research area. This article highlights that these bioactive molecules are now being incorporated into our overall understanding of nutrient needs for healthy infant development, preparing each individual infant to succeed as a healthy and protected adult throughout its life. In essence, miRNAs are a new language in the Rosetta stone of health that is mammalian lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Lea Chervet
- Foods for Health Institute, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Stem Cell Impairment at the Host-Microbiota Interface in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050996. [PMID: 33673612 PMCID: PMC7957811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation is believed to result from the conversion of normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs) into cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Hence, CRC evolves through the multiple acquisition of well-established genetic and epigenetic alterations with an adenoma-carcinoma sequence progression. Unlike other stem cells elsewhere in the body, ISCs cohabit with the intestinal microbiota, which consists of a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The gut microbiota communicates closely with ISCs and mounting evidence suggests that there is significant crosstalk between host and microbiota at the ISC niche level. Metagenomic analyses have demonstrated that the host-microbiota mutually beneficial symbiosis existing under physiologic conditions is lost during a state of pathological microbial imbalance due to the alteration of microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and/or the genetic susceptibility of the host. The complex interaction between CRC and microbiota is at the forefront of the current CRC research, and there is growing attention on a possible role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of CRC through ISC niche impairment. Here we primarily review the most recent findings on the molecular mechanism underlying the complex interplay between gut microbiota and ISCs, revealing a possible key role of microbiota in the aberrant reprogramming of CSCs in the initiation of CRC. We also discuss recent advances in OMICS approaches and single-cell analyses to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and ISC/CSC niche biology leading to a desirable implementation of the current precision medicine approaches.
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Carr LE, Virmani MD, Rosa F, Munblit D, Matazel KS, Elolimy AA, Yeruva L. Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health. Front Immunol 2021; 12:604080. [PMID: 33643310 PMCID: PMC7909314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.604080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive human milk feeding of the newborn is recommended during the first 6 months of life to promote optimal health outcomes during early life and beyond. Human milk contains a variety of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, stem cells, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), microbiota, and microRNAs. Recent findings highlighted the potential importance of adding HMOs into infant formula for their roles in enhancing host defense mechanisms in neonates. Therefore, understanding the roles of human milk bioactive factors on immune function is critical to build the scientific evidence base around breastfeeding recommendations, and to enhance positive health outcomes in formula fed infants through modifications to formulas. However, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the roles of different milk components, the interactions between the different components, and the mechanisms behind health outcomes are poorly understood. This review aims to show the current knowledge about HMOs, milk microbiota, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and milk microRNAs (miRNAs) and how these could have similar mechanisms of regulating gut and microbiota function. It will also highlight the knowledge gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Carr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Misty D. Virmani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ahmed A. Elolimy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
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10
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Zhao Y, Zeng Y, Zeng D, Wang H, Zhou M, Sun N, Xin J, Khalique A, Rajput DS, Pan K, Shu G, Jing B, Ni X. Probiotics and MicroRNA: Their Roles in the Host-Microbe Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:604462. [PMID: 33603718 PMCID: PMC7885260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.604462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are widely accepted to be beneficial for the maintenance of the gut homeostasis - the dynamic and healthy interactions between host and gut microorganisms. In addition, emerging as a key molecule of inter-domain communication, microRNAs (miRNAs) can also mediate the host-microbe interactions. However, a comprehensive description and summary of the association between miRNAs and probiotics have not been reported yet. In this review, we have discussed the roles of probiotics and miRNAs in host-microbe interactions and proposed the association of probiotics with altered miRNAs in various intestinal diseases and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the action of probiotics. Furthermore, we provided a perspective of probiotics-miRNA-host/gut microbiota axis applied in search of disease management highly associated with the gut microbiome, which will potentially prove to be beneficial for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Zhou
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinge Xin
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danish Sharafat Rajput
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Ye Y, Zhang L, Hu T, Yin J, Xu L, Pang Z, Chen W. CircRNA_103765 acts as a proinflammatory factor via sponging miR-30 family in Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:565. [PMID: 33436852 PMCID: PMC7804428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in various pathophysiological activities. However, the role of circRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. Here we report the potential roles of hsa_circRNA_103765 in regulating cell apoptosis induced by TNF-α in Crohn’s disease (CD). We identify that CircRNA_103765 expression was significantly upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with active IBD. A positive correlation with TNF-α significantly enhanced circRNA_103765 expression in CD, which was significantly reversed by anti-TNF-α mAb (infliximab) treatment. In vitro experiments showed that TNF-α could induce the expression of circRNA_103765, which was cell apoptosis dependent, while silencing of circRNA_103765 could protect human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from TNF-α-induced apoptosis. In addition, circRNA_103765 acted as a molecular sponge to adsorb the miR-30 family and impair the negative regulation of Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4). Collectively, CircRNA_103765 is a novel important regulator of the pathogenesis of IBD via sponging miR-30 family-mediated DLL4 expression changes. Blockade of circRNA_103765 could serve as a novel approach for the treatment of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The North District of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The North District of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The North District of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The North District of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The North District of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The North District of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Bianchi N, Emming S, Zecca C, Monticelli S. Vitamin D and IFN-β Modulate the Inflammatory Gene Expression Program of Primary Human T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:566781. [PMID: 33343562 PMCID: PMC7746617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-β treatment is a commonly used therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), while vitamin D deficiency correlates with an increased risk of MS and/or its activity. MS is a demyelinating chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which activated T lymphocytes play a major role, and may represent direct targets of IFN-β and vitamin D activities. However, the underlying mechanism of action of vitamin D and IFN-β, alone or in combination, remains incompletely understood, especially when considering their direct effects on the ability of T lymphocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines. We profiled the expression of immune-related genes and microRNAs in primary human T lymphocytes in response to vitamin D and IFN-β, and we dissected the impact of these treatments on cytokine production and T cell proliferation. We found that the treatments influenced primarily memory T cell plasticity, rather than polarization toward a stable phenotype. Moreover, our data revealed extensive reprogramming of the transcriptional output of primary T cells in response to vitamin D and IFN-β and provide the bases for further mechanistic insights into these commonly used treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bianchi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Emming
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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13
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Cheng N, Li L, Wu Y, Wang M, Yang M, Wei S, Wang R. microRNA-30e up-regulation alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and promotes ventricular remodeling via SOX9 repression. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:96-103. [PMID: 33293097 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM At present, studies have focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). But the specific role of miR-30e hasn't been fully explored. Thus, this study is to uncover the mechanism of miR-30e in MI/RI. METHODS MI/RI models of rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (H/R) models of H9C2 cardiomyocytes were established. Rats were injected with miR-30e and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (SOX9)-related oligonucleotides or vectors to explore their roles in MI/RI. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were transfected with restored miR-30e and depleted SOX9 to decipher their function in H/R injury. miR-30e and SOX9 expression in myocardial tissues and cardiomyocytes were detected. Online website prediction and luciferase activity assay were applied to validate the targeting relationship between miR-30e and SOX9. RESULTS Decreased miR-30e and increased SOX9 were found in myocardial tissues of MI/RI rats and H/R-treated cardiomyocytes. miR-30e targeted SOX9. miR-30e up-regulation or SOX9 down-regulation reduced cardiac function damage and suppressed oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial enzymes in myocardial tissues of MI/RI rats. Restoring miR-30e or silencing SOX9 energized cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of H/R-treated cardiomyocytes. Down-regulating SOX9 reversed the effects of miR-30e down-regulation on myocardial injury, ventricular remodeling, cardiomyocyte damage and apoptosis in MI/RI. CONCLUSION It is concluded that miR-30e elevation alleviated cardiac function damage and promoted ventricular remodeling via SOX9 repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, No. 28. Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Libin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, No. 28. Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuanbin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, No. 28. Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, No. 28. Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, No. 28. Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shixiong Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, No. 28. Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, No. 28. Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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14
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Cheng W, Wang K, Zhao Z, Mao Q, Wang G, Li Q, Fu Z, Jiang Z, Wang J, Li J. Exosomes-mediated Transfer of miR-125a/b in Cell-to-cell Communication: A Novel Mechanism of Genetic Exchange in the Intestinal Microenvironment. Theranostics 2020; 10:7561-7580. [PMID: 32685005 PMCID: PMC7359098 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), a key factor in intestinal rehabilitation therapy of short bowel syndrome (SBS), may require cell-to-cell communication to exert its biological functions. However, understanding of the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report participation of exosomal miR-125a/b in GLP-2 mediated intestinal epithelial cells-myofibroblasts cross-talk in intestinal microenvironment. Methods: The effects of GLP-2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in SBS rat models were evaluated. Exosomes were extracted from residual jejunum tissue of GLP-2 or vehicle treated SBS rats using ultracentrifugation method, and identified by nanoparticle trafficking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. miRNA sequencing combined with qRT-PCR validation were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNAs, which might be involved in proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, were screened and further verified by miRNA functional experiments. Moreover, the proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptosis effects of GLP-2 on intestinal myofibroblasts, which expressing GLP-2 receptor, and whether GLP-2 could influence the content of miRNAs in the derived exosomes were studied. The downstream pathways were explored by miRNA function recovery experiment, luciferase reporter assay, pull down experiment, knockdown and overexpression of target gene and other experiments based on the bioinformatics prediction of miRNA target gene. Results: GLP-2 significantly promoted intestinal growth, facilitated the proliferation of intestinal crypt epithelial cells and inhibited the apoptosis of intestinal villi epithelial cells in type II SBS rats. GLP-2 significantly down-regulated exosomal miR-125a/b both in residual jejunums derived exosomes and in exosomes secreted by GLP-2R positive cells. Exosomal miR-125a/b was responsible for GLP-2 mediated intestinal epithelial cells proliferation promotion and apoptosis attenuation. miR-125a/b inhibited the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by suppressing the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1). Conclusions: miR-125a/b shuttled by intestinal myofibroblasts derived exosomes regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. GLP-2 treatment significantly decreases the level of miR-125a/b in the exosomes of intestinal myofibroblasts. miR-125a/b modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by targeting the 3'UTR region of MCL1. Hence, this study indicates a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells in intestinal microenvironment.
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15
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Simkin A, Geissler R, McIntyre ABR, Grimson A. Evolutionary dynamics of microRNA target sites across vertebrate evolution. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008285. [PMID: 32012152 PMCID: PMC7018135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control the abundance of the majority of the vertebrate transcriptome. The recognition sequences, or target sites, for bilaterian miRNAs are found predominantly in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of mRNAs, and are amongst the most highly conserved motifs within 3'UTRs. However, little is known regarding the evolutionary pressures that lead to loss and gain of such target sites. Here, we quantify the selective pressures that act upon miRNA target sites. Notably, selective pressure extends beyond deeply conserved binding sites to those that have undergone recent substitutions. Our approach reveals that even amongst ancient animal miRNAs, which exert the strongest selective pressures on 3'UTR sequences, there are striking differences in patterns of target site evolution between miRNAs. Considering only ancient animal miRNAs, we find three distinct miRNA groups, each exhibiting characteristic rates of target site gain and loss during mammalian evolution. The first group both loses and gains sites rarely. The second group shows selection only against site loss, with site gains occurring at a neutral rate, whereas the third loses and gains sites at neutral or above expected rates. Furthermore, mutations that alter the strength of existing target sites are disfavored. Applying our approach to individual transcripts reveals variation in the distribution of selective pressure across the transcriptome and between miRNAs, ranging from strong selection acting on a small subset of targets of some miRNAs, to weak selection on many targets for other miRNAs. miR-20 and miR-30, and many other miRNAs, exhibit broad, deeply conserved targeting, while several other comparably ancient miRNAs show a lack of selective constraint, and a small number, including mir-146, exhibit evidence of rapidly evolving target sites. Our approach adds valuable perspective on the evolution of miRNAs and their targets, and can also be applied to characterize other 3'UTR regulatory motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Simkin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rene Geissler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexa B. R. McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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16
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Ding S, Liu G, Jiang H, Fang J. MicroRNA Determines the Fate of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Regulates Intestinal Diseases. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:666-673. [PMID: 30678626 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapid self-renewal of intestinal epithelial cells enhances intestinal function, promotes the nutritional needs of animals and strengthens intestinal barrier function to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short-chain, non-coding RNAs that regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation by down-regulating hundreds of conserved target genes after transcription via seed pairing to the 3' untranslated regions. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs can improve intestinal function by participating in the proliferation and differentiation of different cell populations in the intestine. In addition, miRNAs also contribute to disease regulation and therefore not only play a vital role in the gastrointestinal disease management but also act as blood or tissue biomarkers of disease. As changes to the levels of miRNAs can change cell fates, miRNA-mediated gene regulation can be used to update therapeutic strategies and approaches to disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Academician Workstation of Hunan Baodong Farming Co., Ltd., Hunan 422001, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Meijerink M, van den Broek TJ, Dulos R, Garthoff J, Knippels L, Knipping K, Harthoorn L, Houben G, Verschuren L, van Bilsen J. Network-Based Selection of Candidate Markers and Assays to Assess the Impact of Oral Immune Interventions on Gut Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2672. [PMID: 31798593 PMCID: PMC6863931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the safety and efficacy of oral immune interventions, it is important and required by regulation to assess the impact of those interventions not only on the immune system, but also on other organs such as the gut as the porte d'entrée. Despite clear indications that the immune system interacts with several physiological functions of the gut, it is still unknown which pathways and molecules are crucial to assessing the impact of nutritional immune interventions on gut functioning. Here we used a network-based systems biology approach to clarify the molecular relationships between immune system and gut functioning and to identify crucial biomarkers to assess effects on gut functions upon nutritional immune interventions. First, the different gut functionalities were categorized based on literature and EFSA guidance documents. Moreover, an overview of the current assays and methods to measure gut function was generated. Secondly, gut-function related biological processes and adverse events were selected and subsequently linked to the physiological functions of the GI tract. Thirdly, database terms and annotations from the Gene ontology database and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) related to the previously selected gut-function related processes were selected. Next, database terms and annotations were used to identify the pathways and genes involved in those gut functionalities. In parallel, information from CTD was used to identify immune disease related genes. The resulting lists of both gut and immune function genes showed an overlap of 753 genes out of 1,296 gut-function related genes indicating the close gut-immune relationship. Using bioinformatics enrichment tools DAVID and Panther, the identified gut-immune markers were predicted to be involved in motility, barrier function, the digestion and absorption of vitamins and fat, regulation of the digestive system and gastric acid, and protection from injurious or allergenic material. Concluding, here we provide a promising systems biology approach to identify genes that help to clarify the relationships between immune system and gut functioning, with the aim to identify candidate biomarkers to monitor nutritional immune intervention assays for safety and efficacy in the general population. This knowledge helps to optimize future study designs to predict effects of nutritional immune intervention on gut functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Léon Knippels
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karen Knipping
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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18
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Ylioja CM, Rolf MM, Mamedova LK, Bradford BJ. Associations between body condition score at parturition and microRNA profile in colostrum of dairy cows as evaluated by paired mapping programs. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11609-11621. [PMID: 31548065 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are abundant in milk, and likely have regulatory activity involving lactation and immunity. The objective of this study was to determine the miRNA profile in colostrum of overconditioned cows compared with cows of more moderate body condition score (BCS) at calving. Multiparous cows with either high (≥4.0 on a scale of 1 to 5; n = 7) or moderate BCS (2.75 to 3.50; n = 9) in the week before parturition were selected from a commercial dairy herd. Blood and colostrum were sampled within 24 h after calving. Blood serum was analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. MicroRNA was isolated from colostrum samples after removing milk fat and cells. MicroRNA were sequenced, and reads were mapped to the bovine genome and to the existing database of miRNA at miRBase.org. Two programs, Oasis 2.0 and miRDeep2, were employed in parallel for read alignment, and analysis of miRNA count data was performed using DESeq2. Identification of differentially expressed miRNA from DESeq2 was not affected by the differences in miRNA detected by the 2 mapping programs. Most abundant miRNA included miR-30a, miR-148a, miR-181a, let-7f, miR-26a, miR-21, miR-22, and miR-92a. Large-scale shifts in miRNA profile were not observed; however, colostrum of cows with high BCS contained less miR-486, which has been linked with altered glucose metabolism. Colostrum from cows with elevated serum FFA contained less miR-885, which may be connected to hepatic function during the transition period. Potential functions of abundant miRNA suggest involvement in development and maintenance of cellular function in the mammary gland, with the additional possibility of influencing neonatal tissue and immune system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ylioja
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - M M Rolf
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - L K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
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19
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Iacob S, Iacob DG. Infectious Threats, the Intestinal Barrier, and Its Trojan Horse: Dysbiosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1676. [PMID: 31447793 PMCID: PMC6692454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecosystem of the gut microbiota consists of diverse intestinal species with multiple metabolic and immunologic activities and it is closely connected with the intestinal epithelia and mucosal immune response, with which it builds a complex barrier against intestinal pathogenic bacteria. The microbiota ensures the integrity of the gut barrier through multiple mechanisms, either by releasing antibacterial molecules (bacteriocins) and anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids or by activating essential cell receptors for the immune response. Experimental studies have confirmed the role of the intestinal microbiota in the epigenetic modulation of the gut barrier through posttranslational histone modifications and regulatory mechanisms induced by epithelial miRNA in the epithelial lumen. Any quantitative or functional changes of the intestinal microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis, alter the immune response, decrease epithelial permeability and destabilize intestinal homeostasis. Consequently, the overgrowth of pathobionts (Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia coli) favors intestinal translocations with Gram negative bacteria or their endotoxins and could trigger sepsis, septic shock, secondary peritonitis, or various intestinal infections. Intestinal infections also induce epithelial lesions and perpetuate the risk of bacterial translocation and dysbiosis through epithelial ischemia and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the decline of protective anaerobic bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and inadequate release of immune modulators (such as butyrate) affects the release of antimicrobial peptides, de-represses microbial virulence factors and alters the innate immune response. As a result, intestinal germs modulate liver pathology and represent a common etiology of infections in HIV immunosuppressed patients. Antibiotic and antiretroviral treatments also promote intestinal dysbiosis, followed by the selection of resistant germs which could later become a source of infections. The current article addresses the strong correlations between the intestinal barrier and the microbiota and discusses the role of dysbiosis in destabilizing the intestinal barrier and promoting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Iacob
- Infectious Diseases Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balş", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Infectious Diseases Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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20
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Balaguer N, Moreno I, Herrero M, Gonzáléz-Monfort M, Vilella F, Simón C. MicroRNA-30d deficiency during preconception affects endometrial receptivity by decreasing implantation rates and impairing fetal growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:46.e1-46.e16. [PMID: 30826341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal-embryonic crosstalk between the endometrium and the preimplantation embryo is required for normal pregnancy. Our previous results demonstrated that maternal microRNAs secreted into the endometrial fluid, specifically miR-30d, act as a transcriptomic regulator of the preimplantation embryo by the maternal intrauterine environment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the reproductive and fetal effects of murine miR-30d deficiency at the maternal-embryonic interface according to the origin of its maternal or embryonic default. STUDY DESIGN A miR-30d knockout murine model was used as the animal model to investigate the impact of maternal and/or embryonic origin of miR-30d deficiency on embryonic implantation and fetal development. Wild-type and miR-30d knockout pseudopregnant mice were used to study the effect of miR-30d deficiency on the receptivity markers by means of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. We assessed receptivity markers and implantation rates in 6 different transfer conditions in which embryos obtained from wild-type, knockout, and knockout embryos pretreated with a miR-30d analog were transferred into either wild-type or knockout pseudopregnant females. The impact of miR-30d deficiency on fetal development was evaluated by analyzing the implantation sites and resorbing sites under physiological conditions at days 5, 6, 8, and 12 of pregnancy. Fetal growth was evaluated by analyzing fetuses and placentas at days 12 and 16 of pregnancy. RESULTS Maternal miR-30d deficiency induced a significant downregulation of endometrial receptivity markers. In wild-type recipients, miR-30d knockout embryos had poorer implantation rates than wild-type embryos (48.86 ± 14.33% vs 75.00 ± 10.47%, respectively, P = .0061). In miR-30d knockout recipients, the lowest implantation rate was observed when knockout embryos were transferred compared to wild-type embryos (26.04 ± 7.15% and 49.71 ± 8.59%, respectively, P = .0059). A positive correlation (r = 0.9978) was observed for maternal leukemia inhibitor factor expression with implantation rates. Further, the course of gestation was compromised in miR-30d knockout mothers, which had smaller implantation sites, greater rates of resorption, and fetuses with smaller crown-rump length and fetal/placental weight ratio. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that maternal and/or embryonic miR-30d deficiency impairs embryonic implantation and fetal development in the animal model. This finding adds a novel miRNA dimension to the understanding of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Balaguer
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Herrero
- R&D Department, Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Vilella
- R&D Department, Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix S.L., Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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21
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Torreggiani E, Rossini M, Bononi I, Pietrobon S, Mazzoni E, Iaquinta MR, Feo C, Rotondo JC, Rizzo P, Tognon M, Martini F. Protocol for the long-term culture of human primary keratinocytes from the normal colorectal mucosa. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:9895-9905. [PMID: 30740692 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Procedures for in vitro culturing of human primary keratinocytes from normal colon mucosa specimens have not been fully feasible, thus far. The protocol described herein allows primary keratinocytes from small tissue fragments of colorectal mucosa biopsies to grow in vitro. The procedure develops in three steps: (a) the enzymatic digestion of the tissue biopsy; (b) the use of cloning rings to purify primary keratinocyte colonies, (c) a defined keratinocyte medium to grow these cells in long-term culture. Our cultural method enables normal primary keratinocytes to be obtained by simple and rapid techniques. In our culture condition, primary keratinocytes express specific epithelial markers. Colorectal mucosa keratinocyte colonies require approximately 2 weeks to grow. Compared with previous approaches, our protocol provides a valuable model of study for human primary keratinocytes from normal colorectal (NCR) mucosa both at the cellular and molecular levels. It is well known, that different mutations occurring during the multistep process of carcinogenesis in the NCR mucosa, are strictly associated to the onset/progression of the colorectal carcinoma. On this ground, normal keratinocytes grown with our protocol, may represent an innovative tool to investigate the mechanisms that lead to colorectal carcinoma and other diseases. Our innovative procedure may allow to perform comparative investigations between normal and pathological colorectal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torreggiani
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marika Rossini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Feo
- Section of Clinical Surgery, Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Do DN, Dudemaine PL, Fomenky BE, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Integration of miRNA and mRNA Co-Expression Reveals Potential Regulatory Roles of miRNAs in Developmental and Immunological Processes in Calf Ileum during Early Growth. Cells 2018; 7:E134. [PMID: 30208606 PMCID: PMC6162677 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in calf ileum developmental transition from the pre- to the post-weaning period. For this purpose, ileum tissues were collected from eight calves at the pre-weaning period and another eight calves at the post-weaning period and miRNA expression characterized by miRNA sequencing, followed by functional analyses. A total of 388 miRNAs, including 81 novel miRNAs, were identified. A total of 220 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) between the two periods. The potential functions of DE miRNAs in ileum development were supported by significant enrichment of their target genes in gene ontology terms related to metabolic processes and transcription factor activities or pathways related to metabolism (peroxisomes), vitamin digestion and absorption, lipid and protein metabolism, as well as intracellular signaling. Integration of DE miRNAs and DE mRNAs revealed several DE miRNA-mRNA pairs with crucial roles in ileum development (bta-miR-374a-FBXO18, bta-miR-374a-GTPBP3, bta-miR-374a-GNB2) and immune function (bta-miR-15b-IKBKB). This is the first integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis exploring the potential roles of miRNAs in calf ileum growth and development during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy N Do
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Bridget E Fomenky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- Département de Sciences Animale, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
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23
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miR-30 Family: A Promising Regulator in Development and Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9623412. [PMID: 30003109 PMCID: PMC5996469 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9623412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate posttranscriptional expression of target genes. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that the miR-30 family, as a member of microRNAs, played a crucial regulating role in the development of tissues and organs and the pathogenesis of clinical diseases, which indicated that it may be a promising regulator in development and disease. This review aims to clarify the current progress on the regulating role of miR-30 family in tissues and organs development and related disease and highlight their research prospective in the future.
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24
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Zou YF, Liao WT, Fu ZJ, Zhao Q, Chen YX, Zhang W. MicroRNA-30c-5p ameliorates hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced tubular epithelial cell injury via HIF1α stabilization by targeting SOCS3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92801-92814. [PMID: 29190957 PMCID: PMC5696223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model is an ideal method to study ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is associated with high mortality. The role of microRNA-30c-5p (miR-30c-5p) in the H/R epithelial cell model remains unknown. In the current study, we observed a significant reduction in apoptosis when miR-30c-5p was up-regulated. We also found decreased levels of C-caspase-3 (C-CASP3) and Bcl-2-associated X (BAX) proteins and increased levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) showed similar results. Down-regulating miR-30c-5p increased the levels of apoptosis and C-CASP3 and BAX expression; additionally, cell proliferation was inhibited. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) protein expression levels were up-regulated in response to up-regulation of miR-30c-5p expression. The anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects of miR-30c-5p decreased significantly after the HIF1α protein levels were knocked down. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed that miR-30c-5p targets suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3). HIF1α levels increased when SOCS3 was blocked. Our data show that SOCS3 expression enhances apoptosis in the H/R model. In conclusion, up-regulating miR-30c-5p protects cells from H/R -induced apoptosis and induces cell proliferation; furthermore, HIF1α markedly contributes to this protective effect. MiR-30c-5p stabilizes HIF1α expression by targeting SOCS3 to achieve anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Wei-Tang Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Zong-Jie Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Cellular Differentiation and Apoptosis Laboratory, Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yong-Xi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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25
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Peck BCE, Shanahan MT, Singh AP, Sethupathy P. Gut Microbial Influences on the Mammalian Intestinal Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5604727. [PMID: 28904533 PMCID: PMC5585682 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5604727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) niche is comprised of diverse epithelial, immune, and stromal cells, which together respond to environmental changes within the lumen and exert coordinated regulation of IESC behavior. There is growing appreciation for the role of the gut microbiota in modulating intestinal proliferation and differentiation, as well as other aspects of intestinal physiology. In this review, we evaluate the diverse roles of known niche cells in responding to gut microbiota and supporting IESCs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which microbiota may exert their influence on niche cells and possibly on IESCs directly. Finally, we present an overview of the benefits and limitations of available tools to study niche-microbe interactions and provide our recommendations regarding their use and standardization. The study of host-microbe interactions in the gut is a rapidly growing field, and the IESC niche is at the forefront of host-microbe activity to control nutrient absorption, endocrine signaling, energy homeostasis, immune response, and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C. E. Peck
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Michael T. Shanahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ajeet P. Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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26
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Wells JM, Brummer RJ, Derrien M, MacDonald TT, Troost F, Cani PD, Theodorou V, Dekker J, Méheust A, de Vos WM, Mercenier A, Nauta A, Garcia-Rodenas CL. Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G171-G193. [PMID: 27908847 PMCID: PMC5440615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M. Wells
- 1Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Robert J. Brummer
- 2Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden;
| | - Muriel Derrien
- 3Centre Daniel Carasso, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France;
| | - Thomas T. MacDonald
- 4Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Freddy Troost
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- 6Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- 7Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France;
| | - Jan Dekker
- 1Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Willem M. de Vos
- 9Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Annick Mercenier
- 10Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Arjen Nauta
- 11FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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27
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Abstract
Maintaining intestinal homeostasis is a key prerequisite for a healthy gut. Recent evidence points out that microRNAs (miRNAs) act at the epicenter of the signaling networks regulating this process. The fine balance in the interaction between gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and the host immune system is achieved by constant transmission of signals and their precise regulation. Gut microbes extensively communicate with the host immune system and modulate host gene expression. On the other hand, sensing of gut microbiota by the immune cells provides appropriate tolerant responses that facilitate the symbiotic relationships. While the role of many regulatory proteins, receptors and their signaling pathways in the regulation of the intestinal homeostasis is well documented, the involvement of non-coding RNA molecules in this process has just emerged. This review discusses the most recent knowledge about the contribution of miRNAs in the regulation of the intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Belcheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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28
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MicroRNA-34 directly targets pair-rule genes and cytoskeleton component in the honey bee. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40884. [PMID: 28098233 PMCID: PMC5241629 DOI: 10.1038/srep40884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of developmental processes, such as cell fate determination and differentiation. Previous studies showed Dicer knockdown in honeybee embryos disrupt the processing of functional mature miRNAs and impairs embryo patterning. Here we investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs in honeybee embryogenesis and the role of the highly conserved miR-34-5p in the regulation of genes involved in insect segmentation. A total of 221 miRNAs were expressed in honey bee embryogenesis among which 97 mature miRNA sequences have not been observed before. Interestingly, we observed a switch in dominance between the 5-prime and 3-prime arm of some miRNAs in different embryonic stages; however, most miRNAs present one dominant arm across all stages of embryogenesis. Our genome-wide analysis of putative miRNA-target networks and functional pathways indicates miR-34-5p is one of the most conserved and connected miRNAs associated with the regulation of genes involved in embryonic patterning and development. In addition, we experimentally validated that miR-34-5p directly interacts to regulatory elements in the 3'-untranslated regions of pair-rule (even-skipped, hairy, fushi-tarazu transcription factor 1) and cytoskeleton (actin5C) genes. Our study suggests that miR-34-5p may regulate the expression of pair-rule and cytoskeleton genes during early development and control insect segmentation.
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29
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Peck BCE, Mah AT, Pitman WA, Ding S, Lund PK, Sethupathy P. Functional Transcriptomics in Diverse Intestinal Epithelial Cell Types Reveals Robust MicroRNA Sensitivity in Intestinal Stem Cells to Microbial Status. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2586-2600. [PMID: 28053090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in regulating the development of the host immune system, metabolic rate, and at times, disease pathogenesis. The factors and mechanisms that mediate interactions between microbiota and the intestinal epithelium are not fully understood. We provide novel evidence that microbiota may control intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) proliferation in part through microRNAs (miRNAs). We demonstrate that miRNA profiles differ dramatically across functionally distinct cell types of the mouse jejunal intestinal epithelium and that miRNAs respond to microbiota in a highly cell type-specific manner. Importantly, we also show that miRNAs in IESCs are more prominently regulated by microbiota compared with miRNAs in any other intestinal epithelial cell subtype. We identify miR-375 as one miRNA that is significantly suppressed by the presence of microbiota in IESCs. Using a novel method to knockdown gene and miRNA expression ex vivo enteroids, we demonstrate that we can knock down gene expression in Lgr5+ IESCs. Furthermore, when we knock down miR-375 in IESCs, we observe significantly increased proliferative capacity. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbiota regulate miRNA expression in IESCs and other intestinal epithelial cell subtypes will elucidate a critical molecular network that controls intestinal homeostasis and, given the heightened interest in miRNA-based therapies, may offer novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases associated with altered IESC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C E Peck
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, .,Department of Genetics
| | | | | | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - P Kay Lund
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology.,Department of Nutrition, and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, .,Department of Genetics
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30
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Hong X, Liu W, Song R, Shah JJ, Feng X, Tsang CK, Morgan KM, Bunting SF, Inuzuka H, Zheng XFS, Shen Z, Sabaawy HE, Liu L, Pine SR. SOX9 is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the E3 ligase FBW7 in response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8855-8869. [PMID: 27566146 PMCID: PMC5062998 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX9 encodes a transcription factor that governs cell fate specification throughout development and tissue homeostasis. Elevated SOX9 is implicated in the genesis and progression of human tumors by increasing cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We found that in response to UV irradiation or genotoxic chemotherapeutics, SOX9 is actively degraded in various cancer types and in normal epithelial cells, through a pathway independent of p53, ATM, ATR and DNA-PK. SOX9 is phosphorylated by GSK3β, facilitating the binding of SOX9 to the F-box protein FBW7α, an E3 ligase that functions in the DNA damage response pathway. The binding of FBW7α to the SOX9 K2 domain at T236-T240 targets SOX9 for subsequent ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. Exogenous overexpression of SOX9 after genotoxic stress increases cell survival. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for SOX9 stability and uncover a unique function of SOX9 in the cellular response to DNA damage. This new mechanism underlying a FBW7-SOX9 axis in cancer could have implications in therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Hong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jamie J Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Xing Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chi Kwan Tsang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Katherine M Morgan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Samuel F Bunting
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - X F Steven Zheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hatem E Sabaawy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA
| | - LianXin Liu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sharon R Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA
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