1
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Hashimoto H, Ramirez DH, Lautier O, Pawlak N, Blobel G, Palancade B, Debler EW. Structure of the pre-mRNA leakage 39-kDa protein reveals a single domain of integrated zf-C3HC and Rsm1 modules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17691. [PMID: 36271106 PMCID: PMC9586977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pre-mRNA leakage 39-kDa protein (ScPml39) was reported to retain unspliced pre-mRNA prior to export through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Pml39 homologs outside the Saccharomycetaceae family are currently unknown, and mechanistic insight into Pml39 function is lacking. Here we determined the crystal structure of ScPml39 at 2.5 Å resolution to facilitate the discovery of orthologs beyond Saccharomycetaceae, e.g. in Schizosaccharomyces pombe or human. The crystal structure revealed integrated zf-C3HC and Rsm1 modules, which are tightly associated through a hydrophobic interface to form a single domain. Both zf-C3HC and Rsm1 modules belong to the Zn-containing BIR (Baculovirus IAP repeat)-like super family, with key residues of the canonical BIR domain being conserved. Features unique to the Pml39 modules refer to the spacing between the Zn-coordinating residues, giving rise to a substantially tilted helix αC in the zf-C3HC and Rsm1 modules, and an extra helix αAB' in the Rsm1 module. Conservation of key residues responsible for its distinct features identifies S. pombe Rsm1 and Homo sapiens NIPA/ZC3HC1 as structural orthologs of ScPml39. Based on the recent functional characterization of NIPA/ZC3HC1 as a scaffold protein that stabilizes the nuclear basket of the NPC, our data suggest an analogous function of ScPml39 in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Daniel H Ramirez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ophélie Lautier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Natalie Pawlak
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Günter Blobel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Benoît Palancade
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Erik W Debler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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2
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Gunkel P, Cordes VC. ZC3HC1 is a structural element of the nuclear basket effecting interlinkage of TPR polypeptides. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar82. [PMID: 35609216 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear basket (NB), anchored to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), is commonly looked upon as a structure built solely of protein TPR polypeptides, the latter thus regarded as the NB's only scaffold-forming components. In the current study, we report ZC3HC1 as a second structural element of the NB. Recently described as an NB-appended protein omnipresent in vertebrates, we now show that ZC3HC1, both in vivo and in vitro, enables in a stepwise manner the recruitment of TPR subpopulations to the NB and their linkage to already NPC-anchored TPR polypeptides. We further demonstrate that the degron-mediated rapid elimination of ZC3HC1 results in the prompt detachment of the ZC3HC1-appended TPR polypeptides from the NB and their release into the nucleoplasm, underscoring the role of ZC3HC1 as a natural structural element of the NB. Finally, we show that ZC3HC1 can keep TPR polypeptides positioned and linked to each other even at sites remote from the NB, in line with ZC3HC1 functioning as a protein connecting TPR polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gunkel
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker C Cordes
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Kreutmair S, Lippert LJ, Klingeberg C, Albers-Leischner C, Yacob S, Shlyakhto V, Mueller T, Mueller-Rudorf A, Yu C, Gorantla SP, Miething C, Duyster J, Illert AL. NIPA (Nuclear Interaction Partner of ALK) Is Crucial for Effective NPM-ALK Mediated Lymphomagenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:875117. [PMID: 35646639 PMCID: PMC9137267 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.875117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The NPM-ALK fusion kinase is expressed in 60% of systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCL). A Nuclear Interaction Partner of ALK (NIPA) was identified as a binding partner of NPM-ALK. To identify the precise role of NIPA for NPM-ALK-driven lymphomagenesis, we investigated various NPM-ALK+ cell lines and mouse models. Nipa deletion in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in reduced transformation ability and colony formation upon NPM-ALK expression. Downregulating NIPA in murine NPM-ALK+ Ba/F3 and human ALCL cells decreased their proliferation ability and demonstrated synergistic effects of ALK inhibition and NIPA knockdown. Comprehensive in vivo analyses using short- and long-latency transplantation mouse models with NPM-ALK+ bone marrow (BM) revealed that Nipa deletion inhibited NPM-ALK-induced tumorigenesis with prolonged survival and reduced spleen colonies. To avoid off-target effects, we combined Nipa deletion and NPM-ALK expression exclusively in T cells using a lineage-restricted murine ALCL-like model resembling human disease: control mice died from neoplastic T-cell infiltration, whereas mice transplanted with Lck-CreTG/wtNipaflox/flox NPM-ALK+ BM showed significantly prolonged survival. Immunophenotypic analyses indicated a characteristic ALCL-like phenotype in all recipients but revealed fewer “stem-cell-like” features of Nipa-deficient lymphomas compared to controls. Our results identify NIPA as a crucial player in effective NPM-ALK-driven ALCL-like disease in clinically relevant murine and cell-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kreutmair
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Johanna Lippert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathrin Klingeberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Albers-Leischner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Salome Yacob
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Shlyakhto
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tony Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alina Mueller-Rudorf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chuanjiang Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sivahari Prasad Gorantla
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cornelius Miething
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anna Lena Illert,
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4
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Gunkel P, Iino H, Krull S, Cordes VC. ZC3HC1 Is a Novel Inherent Component of the Nuclear Basket, Resident in a State of Reciprocal Dependence with TPR. Cells 2021; 10:1937. [PMID: 34440706 PMCID: PMC8393659 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear basket (NB) scaffold, a fibrillar structure anchored to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), is regarded as constructed of polypeptides of the coiled-coil dominated protein TPR to which other proteins can bind without contributing to the NB's structural integrity. Here we report vertebrate protein ZC3HC1 as a novel inherent constituent of the NB, common at the nuclear envelopes (NE) of proliferating and non-dividing, terminally differentiated cells of different morphogenetic origin. Formerly described as a protein of other functions, we instead present the NB component ZC3HC1 as a protein required for enabling distinct amounts of TPR to occur NB-appended, with such ZC3HC1-dependency applying to about half the total amount of TPR at the NEs of different somatic cell types. Furthermore, pointing to an NB structure more complex than previously anticipated, we discuss how ZC3HC1 and the ZC3HC1-dependent TPR polypeptides could enlarge the NB's functional repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Volker C. Cordes
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (P.G.); (H.I.); (S.K.)
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5
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Transmembrane TNF and Its Receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 in Mycobacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115461. [PMID: 34067256 PMCID: PMC8196896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the main cytokines regulating a pro-inflammatory environment. It has been related to several cell functions, for instance, phagocytosis, apoptosis, proliferation, mitochondrial dynamic. Moreover, during mycobacterial infections, TNF plays an essential role to maintain granuloma formation. Several effector mechanisms have been implicated according to the interactions of the two active forms, soluble TNF (solTNF) and transmembrane TNF (tmTNF), with their receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. We review the impact of these interactions in the context of mycobacterial infections. TNF is tightly regulated by binding to receptors, however, during mycobacterial infections, upstream activation signalling pathways may be influenced by key regulatory factors either at the membrane or cytosol level. Detailing the structure and activation pathways used by TNF and its receptors, such as its interaction with solTNF/TNFRs versus tmTNF/TNFRs, may bring a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in activation pathways which can be helpful for the development of new therapies aimed at being more efficient against mycobacterial infections.
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6
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Gengenbacher A, Müller-Rudorf A, Poggio T, Gräßel L, Dumit VI, Kreutmair S, Lippert LJ, Duyster J, Illert AL. Proteomic Phosphosite Analysis Identified Crucial NPM-ALK-Mediated NIPA Serine and Threonine Residues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164060. [PMID: 31434245 PMCID: PMC6721280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that shows in 60% of cases a translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35), which leads to the expression of the oncogenic kinase NPM-ALK. The nuclear interaction partner of ALK (NIPA) defines an E3-SCF ligase that contributes to the timing of mitotic entry. It has been shown that co-expression of NIPA and NPM-ALK results in constitutive NIPA phosphorylation. By mass spectrometry-based proteomics we identified nine serine/threonine residues to be significantly upregulated in NIPA upon NPM-ALK expression. Generation of phospho-deficient mutants of the respective phospho-residues specified five serine/threonine residues (Ser-338, Ser-344, Ser-370, Ser-381 and Thr-387) as key phosphorylation sites involved in NPM-ALK-directed phosphorylation of NIPA. Analysis of the biological impact of NIPA phosphorylation by NPM-ALK demonstrated that the ALK-induced phosphorylation does not change the SCFNIPA-complex formation but may influence the localization of NIPA and NPM-ALK. Biochemical analyses with phospho-deficient mutants elucidated the importance of NIPA phosphorylation by NPM-ALK for the interaction of the two proteins and proliferation potential of respective cells: Silencing of the five crucial NIPA serine/threonine residues led to a highly enhanced NIPA-NPM-ALK binding capacity as well as a slightly reduced proliferation in Ba/F3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Gengenbacher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Müller-Rudorf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Poggio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linda Gräßel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronica I Dumit
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kreutmair
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena J Lippert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna L Illert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Ducray SP, Natarajan K, Garland GD, Turner SD, Egger G. The Transcriptional Roles of ALK Fusion Proteins in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081074. [PMID: 31366041 PMCID: PMC6721376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase involved in neuronal and gut development. Initially discovered in T cell lymphoma, ALK is frequently affected in diverse cancers by oncogenic translocations. These translocations involve different fusion partners that facilitate multimerisation and autophosphorylation of ALK, resulting in a constitutively active tyrosine kinase with oncogenic potential. ALK fusion proteins are involved in diverse cellular signalling pathways, such as Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Janus protein tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT. Furthermore, ALK is implicated in epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and miRNA expression, and an interaction with nuclear proteins has been described. Through these mechanisms, ALK fusion proteins enable a transcriptional programme that drives the pathogenesis of a range of ALK-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ducray
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | | | - Gavin D Garland
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK.
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Abstract
A vast array of oncogenic variants has been identified for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Therefore, there is a need to better understand the role of ALK in cancer biology in order to optimise treatment strategies. This review summarises the latest research on the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK, and how this information can guide the management of patients with cancer that is ALK-positive. A variety of ALK gene alterations have been described across a range of tumour types, including point mutations, deletions and rearrangements. A wide variety of ALK fusions, in which the kinase domain of ALK and the amino-terminal portion of various protein partners are fused, occur in cancer, with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK being the most prevalent in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Different ALK fusion proteins can mediate different signalling outputs, depending on properties such as subcellular localisation and protein stability. The ALK fusions found in tumours lack spatial and temporal regulation, which can also affect dimerisation and substrate specificity. Two ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), crizotinib and ceritinib, are currently approved in Europe for use in ALK-positive NSCLC and several others are in development. These ALK TKIs bind slightly differently within the ATP-binding pocket of the ALK kinase domain and are associated with the emergence of different resistance mutation patterns during therapy. This emphasises the need to tailor the sequence of ALK TKIs according to the ALK signature of each patient. Research into the oncogenic functions of ALK, and fast paced development of ALK inhibitors, has substantially improved outcomes for patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. Limited data are available surrounding the physiological ligand-stimulated activation of ALK signalling and further research is needed. Understanding the role of ALK in tumour biology is key to further optimising therapeutic strategies for ALK-positive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Linseman T, Soubeyrand S, Martinuk A, Nikpay M, Lau P, McPherson R. Functional Validation of a Common Nonsynonymous Coding Variant in
ZC3HC1
Associated With Protection From Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001498. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Although virtually all coronary artery disease associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are in noncoding regions of the genome, a common polymorphism in
ZC3HC1
(rs11556924), resulting in an arginine (Arg) to histidine (His) substitution in its encoded protein, NIPA (Nuclear Interacting Partner of Anaplastic Lyphoma Kinase) is linked to a protection from coronary artery disease. NIPA plays a role in cell cycle progression, but the functional consequences of this polymorphism have not been established.
Methods and Results—
Here we demonstrate that total
ZC3HC1
expression in whole blood is similar across genotypes, despite expression being slightly biased toward the risk allele in heterozygotes. At the protein level, the protective His363 NIPA variant exhibits increased phosphorylation of a critical serine residue (Ser354) and higher protein expression as compared with the Arg363 variant. Binding experiments indicate that neither SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1) nor CCNB1 binding were affected by the polymorphism. Despite similar nuclear distribution, NIPA His363 exhibits greater nuclear mobility. NIPA suppression results in a modest reduction of proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells, but given low proliferative capacity, a significant effect of the variant was not noted. By contrast, we demonstrate that the protective variant reduces cell proliferation in HeLa cells.
Conclusions—
These findings extend the genetic association between rs11556924 and coronary artery disease risk by characterizing its effects on the encoded protein, NIPA. The resulting amino acid change Arg363His is associated with increased expression and nuclear mobility, as well as lower rates of cell growth in HeLa cells, further supporting a role for cell proliferation in atherosclerosis and its clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Linseman
- From the Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
| | - Sébastien Soubeyrand
- From the Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
| | - Amy Martinuk
- From the Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
| | - Majid Nikpay
- From the Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
| | - Paulina Lau
- From the Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- From the Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
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10
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Liu YQ, Wang XL, Cheng X, Lu YZ, Wang GZ, Li XC, Zhang J, Wen ZS, Huang ZL, Gao QL, Yang LN, Cheng YX, Tao SC, Liu J, Zhou GB. Skp1 in lung cancer: clinical significance and therapeutic efficacy of its small molecule inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34953-67. [PMID: 26474281 PMCID: PMC4741501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skp1 is an essential adaptor protein of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex and is able to stabilize the conformation of some ubiquitin E3 ligases. However, the role Skp1 plays during tumorigenesis remains unclear and Skp1-targeting agent is lacking. Here we showed that Skp1 was overexpressed in 36/64 (56.3%) of non-small cell lung cancers, and elevated Skp1 was associated with poor prognosis. By structure-based high-throughput virtual screening, we found some Skp1-targeting molecules including a natural compound 6-O-angeloylplenolin (6-OAP). 6-OAP bound Skp1 at sites critical to Skp1-Skp2 interaction, leading to dissociation and proteolysis of oncogenic E3 ligases NIPA, Skp2, and β-TRCP, and accumulation of their substrates Cyclin B1, P27 and E-Cadherin. 6-OAP induced prometaphase arrest and exerted potent anti-lung cancer activity in two murine models and showed low adverse effect. These results indicate that Skp1 is critical to lung cancer pathogenesis, and Skp1 inhibitor inactivates crucial oncogenic E3 ligases and exhibits significant therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qin-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li-Na Yang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Vishwamitra D, Curry CV, Shi P, Alkan S, Amin HM. SUMOylation Confers Posttranslational Stability on NPM-ALK Oncogenic Protein. Neoplasia 2016; 17:742-754. [PMID: 26476082 PMCID: PMC4611074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase–expressing (NPM-ALK+) T-cell lymphoma is an aggressive form of cancer that commonly affects children and adolescents. The expression of NPM-ALK chimeric oncogene results from the chromosomal translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) that causes the fusion of the ALK and NPM genes. This translocation generates the NPM-ALK protein tyrosine kinase that forms the constitutively activated NPM-ALK/NPM-ALK homodimers. In addition, NPM-ALK is structurally associated with wild-type NPM to form NPM/NPM-ALK heterodimers, which can translocate to the nucleus. The mechanisms that sustain the stability of NPM-ALK are not fully understood. SUMOylation is a posttranslational modification that is characterized by the reversible conjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) with target proteins. SUMO competes with ubiquitin for substrate binding and therefore, SUMOylation is believed to protect target proteins from proteasomal degradation. Moreover, SUMOylation contributes to the subcellular distribution of target proteins. Herein, we found that the SUMOylation pathway is deregulated in NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma cell lines and primary lymphoma tumors from patients. We also identified Lys24 and Lys32 within the NPM domain as the sites where NPM-ALK conjugates with SUMO-1 and SUMO-3. Importantly, antagonizing SUMOylation by the SENP1 protease decreased the accumulation of NPM-ALK and suppressed lymphoma cell viability, proliferation, and anchorage-independent colony formation. One possible mechanism for the SENP1-mediated decrease in NPM-ALK levels was the increase in NPM-ALK association with ubiquitin, which facilitates its degradation. Our findings propose a model in which aberrancies in SUMOylation contribute to the pathogenesis of NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma. Unraveling such pathogenic mechanisms may lead to devising novel strategies to eliminate this aggressive neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Choladda V Curry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Serhan Alkan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX.
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12
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of anticancer drug RH1 resistance in liver carcinoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:219-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Yamase Y, Kato K, Horibe H, Ueyama C, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Arai M, Watanabe S, Murohara T, Yamada Y. Association of genetic variants with atrial fibrillation. Biomed Rep 2015; 4:178-182. [PMID: 26893834 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified various genes and loci that confer susceptibility to coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction among Caucasian populations. As myocardial ischemia is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation, we hypothesized that certain polymorphisms may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to atrial fibrillation through affecting the susceptibility to coronary artery disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible association of atrial fibrillation in Japanese individuals with 29 polymorphisms identified as susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction in the meta-analyses of GWASs in Caucasian populations. The study subjects comprised 5,470 Japanese individuals (305 subjects with atrial fibrillation and 5,165 controls). Genotypes for 29 polymorphisms were determined by a method that combines the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes with suspension array technology. Comparisons of the allele frequencies by the χ2 test revealed that rs599839 (G→A) of the proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 gene (PSRC1, P=0.0084) and rs11556924 (C→T, Arg363His) of the zinc finger, C3HC-type containing 1 gene (ZC3HC1, P=0.0076) were significantly (P<0.01) associated with atrial fibrillation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the prevalence of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia revealed that rs599839 (P=0.0043; odds ratio, 1.56; dominant model) and rs11556924 (P=0.0043; odds ratio, 1.93; dominant model) were significantly associated with atrial fibrillation, with the minor G and T alleles, respectively, representing risk factors for this condition. PSRC1 and ZC3HC1 may thus be susceptibility loci for atrial fibrillation in Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yamase
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8522, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meitoh Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 465-0025, Japan
| | - Hideki Horibe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8522, Japan
| | - Chikara Ueyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fujimaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Inabe General Hospital, Inabe, Mie 511-0428, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Oguri
- Department of Cardiology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi 486-8510, Japan
| | - Masazumi Arai
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Sachiro Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Gifu 500-8717, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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14
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Cui X, Wei Y, Wang YH, Li J, Wong FL, Zheng YJ, Yan H, Liu SS, Liu JL, Jia BL, Zhang SH. Proteins interacting with mitochondrial ATP-dependent Lon protease (MAP1) in Magnaporthe oryzae are involved in rice blast disease. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:847-859. [PMID: 25605006 PMCID: PMC6638408 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent Lon protease is involved in many physiological processes. In bacteria, Lon regulates pathogenesis and, in yeast, Lon protects mitochondia from oxidative damage. However, little is known about Lon in fungal phytopathogens. MAP1, a homologue of Lon in Magnaporthe oryzae, was recently identified to be important for stress resistance and pathogenesis. Here, we focus on a novel pathogenic pathway mediated by MAP1. Based on an interaction system between rice and a tandem affinity purification (TAP)-tagged MAP1 complementation strain, we identified 23 novel fungal proteins from infected leaves using a TAP approach with mass spectrometry, and confirmed that 14 of these proteins physically interact with MAP1 in vivo. Among these 14 proteins, 11 candidates, presumably localized to the mitochondria, were biochemically determined to be substrates of MAP1 hydrolysis. Deletion mutants were created and functionally analysed to further confirm the involvement of these proteins in pathogenesis. The results indicated that all mutants showed reduced conidiation and sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. Appressorial formations were not affected, although conidia from certain mutants were morphologically altered. In addition, virulence was reduced in four mutants, enhanced (with lesions forming earlier) in two mutants and remained unchanged in one mutant. Together with the known virulence-related proteins alternative oxidase and enoyl-CoA hydratase, we propose that most of the Lon-interacting proteins are involved in the pathogenic regulation pathway mediated by MAP1 in M. oryzae. Perturbation of this pathway may represent an effective approach for the inhibition of rice blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cui
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yi Wei
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ya-Jie Zheng
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hai Yan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shao-Shuai Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jin-Liang Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bao-Lei Jia
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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15
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Passiglia F, Bronte G, Castiglia M, Listì A, Calò V, Toia F, Cicero G, Fanale D, Rizzo S, Bazan V, Russo A. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy in NSCLC: for whom the bell tolls? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1553-66. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Rolfo C, Passiglia F, Castiglia M, Raez LE, Germonpre P, Gil-Bazo I, Zwaenepoel K, De Wilde A, Bronte G, Russo A, Van Meerbeeck JP, Van Schil P, Pauwels P. ALK and crizotinib: after the honeymoon…what else? Resistance mechanisms and new therapies to overcome it. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 3:250-61. [PMID: 25806308 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed a silent revolution in the war against NSCLC, thanks to the discovery of "oncogenic drivers" and the subsequent development of targeted therapies. The discovery of the EML4-ALK fusion gene in a subgroup of patients with NSCLC and the subsequent clinical development of crizotinib has been an amazing success story in lung cancer translational-research, and its accelerated approval [only 4 years from the discovery of ALK rearrangement in NSCLC to the approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)] marked the beginning of the new decade of targeted therapy. However, common to all targeted therapies, despite an initial benefit, patients inevitably experience tumor progression, due to the development of resistance. Several molecular mechanisms are responsible for acquired resistance, such as secondary mutations of ALK kinase domain or amplification of ALK fusion gene, or the activation of other oncogenic drivers, which may cause resistance independently of ALK genetic alterations. Pre-clinical data and early clinical trials showed the promising efficacy of a new class of ALK-inhibitors in overcoming acquired resistance. The inhibition of the molecular chaperone, HSP90, represents another promising strategy to overcome crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Several molecules are currently under investigation in order to establish their specific role in the treatment of ALK-rearranged NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rolfo
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marta Castiglia
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Luis E Raez
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Germonpre
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annemieke De Wilde
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Antonio Russo
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jan P Van Meerbeeck
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Van Schil
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- 1 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; 3 Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 4 Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ; 5 Thoracic Oncology Unit, Integrated Cancer Centre, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium ; 6 Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; 7 Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium ; 8 Thoracic Surgery Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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17
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Sos ML, Levin RS, Gordan JD, Oses-Prieto JA, Webber JT, Salt M, Hann B, Burlingame AL, McCormick F, Bandyopadhyay S, Shokat KM. Oncogene mimicry as a mechanism of primary resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1037-48. [PMID: 25127139 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of potent RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors, only a fraction of BRAF-mutant patients benefit from treatment with these drugs. Using a combined chemogenomics and chemoproteomics approach, we identify drug-induced RAS-RAF-MEK complex formation in a subset of BRAF-mutant cancer cells characterized by primary resistance to vemurafenib. In these cells, autocrine interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion may contribute to the primary resistance phenotype via induction of JAK/STAT3 and MAPK signaling. In a subset of cell lines, combined IL-6/MAPK inhibition is able to overcome primary resistance to BRAF-targeted therapy. Overall, we show that the signaling plasticity exerted by primary resistant BRAF-mutant cells is achieved by their ability to mimic signaling features of oncogenic RAS, a strategy that we term "oncogene mimicry." This model may guide future strategies for overcoming primary resistance observed in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Sos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rebecca S Levin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, CA 94158, USA
| | - John D Gordan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, CA 94158, USA
| | - James T Webber
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Megan Salt
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Byron Hann
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sourav Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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18
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Abstract
The burgeoning field of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in cancer encompasses many cancer types, from very rare cancers to the more prevalent non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The common activation of ALK has led to the use of the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) crizotinib in a range of patient populations and to the rapid development of second-generation drugs targeting ALK. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of ALK function in human cancer and the implications for tumour treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/physiology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Crizotinib
- Drosophila Proteins/physiology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enzyme Induction
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/enzymology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Protein Conformation
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Translocation, Genetic
- Zebrafish Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
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19
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Treatment and detection of ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2013; 81:145-54. [PMID: 23769207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent approval of crizotinib for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the US and other countries has provoked intense interest in ALK rearrangements as oncogenic drivers, and promises to revolutionise the way in which NSCLC is diagnosed and treated. Here, we review clinical data to date for the use of crizotinib to treat patients with advanced, ALK-positive NSCLC and consider issues surrounding the detection of ALK-positivity including the use of fluorescence in situ hybridisation and the other potential techniques available, and their suitability for ALK screening. We also discuss the emergence of resistance to crizotinib therapy and the range of other ALK inhibitors currently in development.
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20
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Illert AL, Zech M, Moll C, Albers C, Kreutmair S, Peschel C, Bassermann F, Duyster J. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) mediates phosphorylation and inactivation of nuclear interaction partner of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NIPA) at G2/M. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37997-8005. [PMID: 22955283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.373464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NIPA is an F-box-like protein that contributes to the timing of mitotic entry. It targets nuclear cyclin B1 for ubiquitination in interphase, whereas in G(2)/M phase, NIPA is inactivated by phosphorylation to allow for cyclin B1 accumulation, a critical event for proper G(2)/M transition. We recently specified three serine residues of NIPA and demonstrated a sequential phosphorylation at G(2)/M, where initial Ser-354 and Ser-359 phosphorylation is most crucial for SCF(NIPA) inactivation. In this study, we identified ERK2 as the kinase responsible for this critical initial phosphorylation step. Using in vitro kinase assays, we found that both ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylated NIPA with high efficiency. Mutation of either Ser-354 or Ser-359 abolished ERK-dependent NIPA phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibition of ERK1/2 in cell lines resulted in decreased NIPA phosphorylation at G(2)/M. By combining cell cycle synchronization with stable expression of shRNA targeting either ERK1 or ERK2, we showed that ERK2 but not ERK1 mediated NIPA inactivation at G(2)/M. ERK2 knockdown led to a delay at the G(2)/M transition, a phenotype also observed in cells expressing a phospho-deficient mutant of NIPA. Thus, our data add to the recently described divergent functions of ERK1 and ERK2 in cell cycle regulation, which may be due in part to the differential ability of these kinases to phosphorylate and inactivate NIPA at G(2)/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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21
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Illert AL, Kawaguchi H, Antinozzi C, Bassermann F, Quintanilla-Martinez L, von Klitzing C, Hiwatari M, Peschel C, de Rooij DG, Morris SW, Barchi M, Duyster J. Targeted inactivation of nuclear interaction partner of ALK disrupts meiotic prophase. Development 2012; 139:2523-34. [PMID: 22696294 DOI: 10.1242/dev.073072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
NIPA (nuclear interaction partner of ALK) is an F-box-like protein that monitors the timing of mitotic entry. Constitutively active NIPA delays mitotic entry by preventing accumulation of nuclear cyclin B1. Here, we have investigated the consequences of Nipa inactivation by using a conditional knockout strategy. Nipa-deficient animals are viable but show a lower birth rate and reduced body weight. Furthermore, Nipa-deficient males are sterile owing to a block of spermatogenesis during meiotic prophase. Whereas Nipa-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts show no severe phenotype, Nipa-/- spermatocytes arrest during stage IV of the epithelial cycle with subsequent TUNEL-positive apoptosis resulting from improper synapsis, defects in the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks and synaptonemal complex formation. Moreover, we show nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1 with a subsequent premature increase in G2/M kinase activity in Nipa-/- spermatocytes. Together, these results reveal a novel role for NIPA in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
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22
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von Klitzing C, Huss R, Illert AL, Fröschl A, Wötzel S, Peschel C, Bassermann F, Duyster J. APC/C(Cdh1)-mediated degradation of the F-box protein NIPA is regulated by its association with Skp1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28998. [PMID: 22205987 PMCID: PMC3243670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NIPA (Nuclear Interaction Partner of Alk kinase) is an F-box like protein
that targets nuclear Cyclin B1 for degradation. Integrity and therefore activity
of the SCFNIPA E3 ligase is regulated by cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation
of NIPA, restricting substrate ubiquitination to interphase. Here we show
that phosphorylated NIPA is degraded in late mitosis in an APC/CCdh1-dependent
manner. Binding of the unphosphorylated form of NIPA to Skp1 interferes with
binding to the APC/C-adaptor protein Cdh1 and therefore protects unphosphorylated
NIPA from degradation in interphase. Our data thus define a novel mode of
regulating APC/C-mediated ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Huss
- Department of Internal Medicine ΙΙΙ,
Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine ΙΙΙ,
Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Fröschl
- Department of Internal Medicine ΙΙΙ,
Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Wötzel
- Department of Internal Medicine ΙΙΙ,
Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- Department of Internal Medicine ΙΙΙ,
Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Internal Medicine ΙΙΙ,
Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Internal Medicine ΙΙΙ,
Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bang YJ. The potential for crizotinib in non-small cell lung cancer: a perspective review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2011; 3:279-91. [PMID: 22084642 DOI: 10.1177/1758834011419002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases have a crucial role as key regulators of signaling pathways that influence cell differentiation and growth. Dysregulation of tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling is understood to be an important oncogenic driver. Genetic rearrangements involving the tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene occur in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anaplastic large cell lymphomoas, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and other cancers. Cells with abnormal ALK signaling are sensitive to ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib. This review will highlight the discovery of the fusion between echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and ALK as an oncogenic driver, recognition of other ALK gene rearrangements in NSCLC, and the confirmation that crizotinib is an effective treatment for patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. Work is underway to further define the role for crizotinib in the treatment of ALK-positive lung cancer and other cancers and to investigate the molecular mechanisms for resistance to ALK inhibition with crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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24
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Grande E, Bolós MV, Arriola E. Targeting oncogenic ALK: a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:569-79. [PMID: 21474455 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been found to be altered in several solid and hematologic tumors. Novel drugs targeting this tyrosine kinase receptor are under development, and early clinical trials are showing promising activity in non-small cell lung cancer patients with ALK+ tumors. Here, we review the structure and function of the ALK receptor, the mechanisms associated with its deregulation in cancer, methods for ALK detection in tumor samples, its potential as a new marker for candidate patient selection for tailored therapy, and novel drugs under development that target ALK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Grande
- Gastrointestinal and Early Drug Development Unit, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo Km. 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Kinney MC, Higgins RA, Medina EA. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: twenty-five years of discovery. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011; 135:19-43. [PMID: 21204709 DOI: 10.5858/2010-0507-rar.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The year 2010 commemorates the 25th year since the seminal publication by Karl Lennert and Harald Stein and others in Kiel, West Germany, describing an unusual large cell lymphoma now known as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Investigators at many universities and hospitals worldwide have contributed to our current in-depth understanding of this unique peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which in its systemic form, principally occurs in children and young adults. OBJECTIVE To summarize our current knowledge of the clinical and pathologic features of systemic and primary cutaneous ALCL. Particular emphasis is given to the biology and pathogenesis of ALCL. DATA SOURCES Search of the medical literature (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE: 1950 to Present [National Library of Medicine]) and more than 20 years of diagnostic experience were used as the source of data for review. CONCLUSIONS Based on immunostaining for activation antigen CD30 and the presence of dysregulation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (2p23), the diagnosis of ALCL has become relatively straightforward for most patients. Major strides have been made during the last decade in our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of ALCL. Constitutive NPM-ALK signaling has been shown to drive oncogenesis via an intricate network of redundant and interacting pathways that regulate cell proliferation, cell fate, and cytoskeletal modeling. Nevertheless, pathomechanistic, therapeutic, and diagnostic challenges remain that should be resolved as we embark on the next generation of discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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26
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Danelishvili L, Yamazaki Y, Selker J, Bermudez LE. Secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3654c and Rv3655c proteins participate in the suppression of macrophage apoptosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10474. [PMID: 20454556 PMCID: PMC2864267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition of macrophage apoptosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been proposed as one of the virulence mechanisms whereby the pathogen avoids the host defense. The mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain suppress apoptosis and escapes human macrophage killing was investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings The screening of a transposon mutant bank identified several mutants, which, in contrast to the wild-type bacterium, had impaired ability to inhibit apoptosis of macrophages. Among the identified genes, Rv3659c (31G12 mutant) belongs to an operon reminiscent of type IV pili. The Rv3654c and Rv3655c putative proteins in a seven-gene operon are secreted into the macrophage cytoplasm and suppress apoptosis by blocking the extrinsic pathway. The operon is highly expressed when the bacterium is within macrophages, compared to the expression level in the extracellular environment. Rv3654c recognizes the polypyrimidine tract binding Protein-associated Splicing Factor (PSF) and cleaves it, diminishing the availability of caspase-8. While M. tuberculosis inhibits apoptosis by the extrinsic pathway, the pathogen does not appear to affect the intrinsic pathway. Inactivation of the intrinsic pathway by pharmacologic agents afftects M. tuberculosis and induces cell necrosis. Likewise, inactivation of PSF by siRNA significantly decreased the level of caspase-8 in macrophages. Conclusion While M. tuberculosis inhibits the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, it appears to activate the intrinsic pathway leading to macrophage necrosis as a potential exit strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Danelishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yoshitaka Yamazaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jeannie Selker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Luiz E. Bermudez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Wu F, Wang P, Zhang J, Young LC, Lai R, Li L. Studies of phosphoproteomic changes induced by nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) highlight deregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/Fas/TNF-related apoptosis-induced ligand signaling pathway in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1616-32. [PMID: 20393185 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m000153-mcp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), found exclusively in a subset of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, promotes tumorigenesis by exerting its constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity. Thus, characterization of the NPM-ALK-induced changes in the phosphoproteome will likely provide insights into the biology of this oncoprotein. To achieve this goal, we used a strategy of combining sequential affinity purification of phosphopeptides and LC/MS. GP293 cells transfected with either NPM-ALK or an NPM-ALK mutant with decreased tyrosine kinase activity (negative control) were used. We identified 506 phosphoproteins detectable in NPM-ALK-expressing cells but not in the negative control. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these phosphoproteins carry a wide diversity of biological functions, some of which have not been described in association with NPM-ALK, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/Fas/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) signaling pathway and the ubiquitin proteasome degradation pathway. In particular, modulations of the TNF/Fas/TRAIL pathway by NPM-ALK were supported by our antibody microarray data. Further validation of the TNF/Fas/TRAIL pathway was performed in ALK(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines with knockdown of NPM-ALK using short interference RNA, resulting in the loss of the tyrosine phosphorylation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) and receptor-interacting protein 1, two crucial TNF signaling molecules. Functional analyses revealed that knockdown of TRAP1 facilitated cell death induced by TRAIL or doxorubicin in ALK(+) ALCL cells. This suggests that down-regulation of TRAP1 in combination with TRAIL or doxorubicin might be a potential novel therapeutic strategy for ALK(+) ALCL. These findings demonstrated that our strategy allowed the identification of novel proteins downstream of NPM-ALK that contribute to the maintenance of neoplastic phenotype and holds great potential for future studies of cellular tyrosine kinases in normal states and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- double daggerDepartment of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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28
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Abstract
RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases) play important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In addition, RTKs reveal oncogenic potential when their kinase activities are constitutively enhanced by point mutation, amplification or rearrangement of the corresponding genes. The ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) RTK was originally identified as a member of the insulin receptor subfamily of RTKs that acquires transforming capability when truncated and fused to NPM (nucleophosmin) in the t(2;5) chromosomal rearrangement associated with ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma). To date, many chromosomal rearrangements leading to enhanced ALK activity have been described and are implicated in a number of cancer types. Recent reports of the EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4)–ALK oncoprotein in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), together with the identification of activating point mutations in neuroblastoma, have highlighted ALK as a significant player and target for drug development in cancer. In the present review we address the role of ALK in development and disease and discuss implications for the future.
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29
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Li R, Morris SW. Development of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) small-molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:372-412. [PMID: 17694547 DOI: 10.1002/med.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in the genesis of several human cancers; indeed, ALK was initially identified in constitutively activated and oncogenic fusion forms--the most common being nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK--in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) known as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and subsequent studies identified ALK fusions in the human sarcomas called inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). In addition, two recent reports have suggested that the ALK fusion, TPM4-ALK, may be involved in the genesis of a subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. While the cause-effect relationship between ALK fusions and malignancies such as ALCL and IMT is very well established, more circumstantial links implicate the involvement of the full-length, normal ALK receptor in the genesis of additional malignancies including glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and others; in these instances, ALK is believed to foster tumorigenesis following activation by autocrine and/or paracrine growth loops involving the reported ALK ligands, pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK). There are no currently available ALK small-molecule inhibitors approved for clinical cancer therapy; however, recognition of the variety of malignancies in which ALK may play a causative role has recently begun to prompt developmental efforts in this area. This review provides a succinct summary of normal ALK biology, the confirmed and putative roles of ALK fusions and the full-length ALK receptor in the development of human cancers, and efforts to target ALK using small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- High-Throughput Medicinal Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, 16981 Via Tazon, Suites K, San Diego, California 92127, USA.
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30
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Chiarle R, Voena C, Ambrogio C, Piva R, Inghirami G. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase in the pathogenesis of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8:11-23. [PMID: 18097461 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are involved in the pathogenesis of most cancers. However, few tyrosine kinases have been shown to have a well-defined pathogenetic role in lymphomas. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is the oncogene of most anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), driving transformation through many molecular mechanisms. In this Review, we will analyse how translocations or deregulated expression of ALK contribute to oncogenesis and how recent genetic or pharmacological tools, aimed at neutralizing its activity, can represent the basis for the design of powerful combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiarle
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), University of Torino, Via Santena 7, 10126, Italy.
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31
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Ekkapongpisit M, Wannatung T, Susantad T, Triwitayakorn K, Smith DR. cDNA-AFLP analysis of differential gene expression in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) upon dengue virus infection. J Med Virol 2007; 79:552-61. [PMID: 17387748 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In infectious diseases, the disease pathogenesis is the outcome of the interaction between the genome of the host and the genome of the pathogen. Despite the wide distribution of dengue infections in the world, and the large number of annual infections, few studies have investigated how the dengue genome alters the global transcriptional profile of the host cell. To investigate alterations in the liver cell transcriptome in response to dengue virus infection, liver cells (HepG2) were infected with dengue serotype 2 at MOI 5 and at 3 days post-infection RNA extracted and analyzed by cDNA-AFLP in parallel with mock-infected cells. From 73 primer combinations over 5,000 transcription-derived fragments (TDFs) were observed, of which approximately 10% were regulated differentially in response to infection. Sixty-five TDFs were subsequently cloned and sequenced and 27 unique gene transcripts identified. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used to validate the expression of 12 of these genes and 10 transcripts (CK2, KIAA509, HSP70, AK3L, NIPA, PHIP, RiboS4, JEM-1, MALT1, and HSI12044) were confirmed to be differentially regulated, with four transcripts (HSP70, NIPA, RiboS4, and JEM-1) showing a greater than twofold regulation. These results suggest that the expression of a large number of genes is altered in response to dengue virus infection of liver cells, and that cDNA-AFLP is a useful tool for obtaining information on both characterized and as yet uncharacterized transcripts whose expression is altered during the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Ekkapongpisit
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
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32
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Bassermann F, von Klitzing C, Illert AL, Münch S, Morris SW, Pagano M, Peschel C, Duyster J. Multisite Phosphorylation of Nuclear Interaction Partner of ALK (NIPA) at G2/M Involves Cyclin B1/Cdk1. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15965-72. [PMID: 17389604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610819200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear interaction partner of ALK (NIPA) is an F-box-containing protein that defines a nuclear skp1 cullin F-box (SCF)-type ubiquitin E3 ligase (SCFNIPA) implicated in the regulation of mitotic entry. The SCFNIPA complex targets nuclear cyclin B1 for ubiquitination in interphase, whereas phosphorylation of NIPA in late G2 phase and mitosis inactivates the complex to allow for accumulation of cyclin B1. Here, we identify the region of NIPA that mediates binding to its substrate cyclin B1. In addition to the recently described serine residue 354, we specify 2 new residues, Ser-359 and Ser-395, implicated in the phosphorylation process at G2/M within this region. Moreover, we found cyclin B1/Cdk1 to phosphorylate NIPA at Ser-395 in mitosis. Mutation of both Ser-359 and Ser-395 impaired effective inactivation of the SCFNIPA complex, resulting in reduced levels of mitotic cyclin B1. These data are compatible with a process of sequential NIPA phosphorylation where cyclin B1/Cdk1 amplifies phosphorylation of NIPA once an initial phosphorylation event has dissociated the SCFNIPA complex. Thus, cyclin B1/Cdk1 may contribute to the regulation of its own abundance in early mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bassermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Chidren's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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33
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Galietta A, Gunby RH, Redaelli S, Stano P, Carniti C, Bachi A, Tucker PW, Tartari CJ, Huang CJ, Colombo E, Pulford K, Puttini M, Piazza RG, Ruchatz H, Villa A, Donella-Deana A, Marin O, Perrotti D, Gambacorti-Passerini C. NPM/ALK binds and phosphorylates the RNA/DNA-binding protein PSF in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood 2007; 110:2600-9. [PMID: 17537995 PMCID: PMC1988934 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-01-028647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion tyrosine kinase nucleophosmin/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM/ALK) induces cellular transformation in anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs) carrying the t(2;5) chromosomal translocation. Protein-protein interactions involving NPM/ALK are important for the activation of downstream signaling pathways. This study was aimed at identifying novel NPM/ALK-binding proteins that might contribute to its oncogenic transformation. Using a proteomic approach, several RNA/DNA-binding proteins were found to coimmunoprecipitate with NPM/ALK, including the multifunctional polypyrimidine tract binding proteinassociated splicing factor (PSF). The interaction between NPM/ALK and PSF was dependent on an active ALK kinase domain and PSF was found to be tyrosine-phosphorylated in NPM/ALK-expressing cell lines and in primary ALK(+) ALCL samples. Furthermore, PSF was shown to be a direct substrate of purified ALK kinase domain in vitro, and PSF Tyr293 was identified as the site of phosphorylation. Y293F PSF was not phosphorylated by NPM/ALK and was not delocalized in NPM/ALK(+) cells. The expression of ALK fusion proteins induced delocalization of PSF from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and forced overexpression of PSF-inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in cells expressing NPM/ALK. PSF phosphorylation also increased its binding to RNA and decreased the PSF-mediated suppression of GAGE6 expression. These results identify PSF as a novel NPM/ALK-binding protein and substrate, and suggest that PSF function may be perturbed in NPM/ALK-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Galietta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was initially recognized on the basis of morphologic features and the consistent expression of CD30. It then became evident that the majority of these tumors are derived from lymphoid cells of T or null immunophenotype. The subsequent finding that t(2;5)(p23;q35) occurs in 40% to 60% of ALCL patients established a distinct clinicopathologic entity. This chromosomal translocation induces the formation of the chimeric protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), which possesses significant oncogenic potential resulting from the constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase ALK. In addition to its specific pathophysiologic events, NPM-ALK-expressing lymphoma presents with consistent clinical manifestations. Only 13 years after the identification of NPM-ALK, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of this molecule because of the relentless efforts of multiple investigators who have dissected its biologic roles using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Several upstream modulators, cross-reacting oncogenes, and downstream effectors of NPM-ALK have been identified and characterized. Understanding these interacting oncogenic systems is expected to facilitate the design of new therapeutic strategies and agents. In this review, we briefly discuss ALCL and focus on NPM-ALK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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35
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Schumacher JA, Crockett DK, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Lim MS. Evaluation of enrichment techniques for mass spectrometry: identification of tyrosine phosphoproteins in cancer cells. J Mol Diagn 2007; 9:169-77. [PMID: 17384208 PMCID: PMC1867451 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues by protein tyrosine kinases mediates numerous cellular processes. Deregulated tyrosine phosphorylation underlies constitutive activation of signaling pathways leading to oncogenesis. Analytical techniques for evaluation of the global phosphoproteome level are challenging and can be improved on to enhance yields. Here, we evaluated several approaches to enrich for tyrosine phosphoproteins in cancer cells for subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis using lysates from SU-DHL-1 cells, which express the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase as a model system. Cells were grown in the presence or absence of the phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate, and tyrosine phosphoproteins were subsequently enriched by immunoprecipitation or immunoaffinity chromatography and protein identification performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our results show that sodium orthovanadate improves enrichment and thus detection of tyrosine phosphoproteins. Immunoprecipitation of tyrosine phosphoproteins using two different antiphosphotyrosine antibodies increased the number of protein identifications. Finally, peptides from proteins enriched by immunoprecipitation were more abundant (n=338) than those enriched by immunoaffinity chromatography (n=138), and relatively few proteins were found in common (n=43). Our data demonstrate the utility of an enrichment strategy for the mass spectrometry-based identification of tyrosine phosphoproteins and show the advantage of complementary techniques for greater protein identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Schumacher
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP), Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Abe Y, Takeuchi T, Imai Y, Murase R, Kamei Y, Fujibuchi T, Matsumoto S, Ueda N, Ogasawara M, Shigemoto K, Kito K. A Small Ras-like protein Ray/Rab1c modulates the p53-regulating activity of PRPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:377-85. [PMID: 16600182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PRPK phosphorylates serine-15 residue of p53 and enhances transcriptional activity. PRPK possesses a bipartite nuclear localization signal and localizes in nucleus when over-expressed in cells. However, intrinsic PRPK localizes mainly in the cytosol in situ. While studying the mechanisms in the distribution of intrinsic PRPK, we identified a PRPK binding protein, an ubiquitously expressed Small Ras-like GTPase, Rab1c, also named Ray or Rab35. The over-expressed Ray was distributed in the nucleus, cytosol, and cell membrane. Both Ray wild type and GTP-restrictively binding mutant Ray-Q67L, but not guanine nucleotide unstable binding mutant Ray-N120I, partially distributed the over-expressed PRPK to the cytosol and also suppressed the PRPK-induced p53-transcriptional activity profoundly. A Small Ras-like GTPase protein Ray was thus indicated to modulate p53 transcriptional activity of PRPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Abe
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, National University Corporation, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toh-on, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Turner SD, Alexander DR. What have we learnt from mouse models of NPM-ALK-induced lymphomagenesis? Leukemia 2005; 19:1128-34. [PMID: 15902287 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) is generated as a t(2;5) chromosomal breakpoint product, typically in CD30(+) anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Activation of the NPM-ALK tyrosine kinase by NPM dimerisation causes autophosphorylation at multiple tyrosine residues and the consequent recruitment of a 'signalosome' that couples the fusion protein to pathways regulating mitogenesis and apoptosis. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the transforming signals induced by this fusion protein in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK.
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Bassermann F, von Klitzing C, Münch S, Bai RY, Kawaguchi H, Morris SW, Peschel C, Duyster J. NIPA defines an SCF-type mammalian E3 ligase that regulates mitotic entry. Cell 2005; 122:45-57. [PMID: 16009132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulated oscillation of protein expression is an essential mechanism of cell cycle control. The SCF class of E3 ubiquitin ligases is involved in this process by targeting cell cycle regulatory proteins for degradation by the proteasome, with the F-box subunit of the SCF specifically recruiting a given substrate to the SCF core. Here we identify NIPA (nuclear interaction partner of ALK) as a human F-box-containing protein that defines an SCF-type E3 ligase (SCF(NIPA)) controlling mitotic entry. Assembly of this SCF complex is regulated by cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of NIPA, which restricts substrate ubiquitination activity to interphase. We show nuclear cyclin B1 to be a substrate of SCF(NIPA). Inactivation of NIPA by RNAi results in nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1 in interphase, activation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 kinase activity, and premature mitotic entry. Thus, SCF(NIPA)-based ubiquitination may regulate S-phase completion and mitotic entry in the mammalian cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bassermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Higashi K, Takasawa R, Yoshimori A, Goh T, Tanuma S, Kuchitsu K. Identification of a novel gene family, paralogs of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins present in plants, fungi, and animals. Apoptosis 2005; 10:471-80. [PMID: 15909109 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-1876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Only few orthologs of animal apoptosis regulators have been found in plants. Recently, the ectopic expression of mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) has been shown to affect plant programmed cell death. Here, we identified two novel proteins homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana IAP-like protein (AtILP) 1 and 2 by applying an improved motif searching method. Furthermore, homologs of AtILP1 were found to occur as a novel gene family in other organisms such as fungi and animals including Homo sapiens (HsILP1). Like baculovirus IAP repeats (BIRs) in IAPs, ILPs contain two highly conserved BIR-like domains (BLDs) with a putative C2HC-type zinc finger. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that ILPs are putative paralogs of IAPs. Homology modeling revealed that the three-dimensional structure of BLD in HsILP1 is similar to that of BIR. Transient expression of HsILP1 resulted in inhibition of etoposide-induced apoptosis in HEK293 and HeLaS3 cells. These findings suggest that ILPs are conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes including plants, and that their functions are closely related to those of IAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Higashi
- Genome and Drug Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Pulford K, Morris SW, Turturro F. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase proteins in growth control and cancer. J Cell Physiol 2004; 199:330-58. [PMID: 15095281 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The normal functions of full-length anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) remain to be completely elucidated. Although considered to be important in neural development, recent studies in Drosophila also highlight a role for ALK in gut muscle differentiation. Indeed, the Drosophila model offers a future arena for the study of ALK, its ligands and signalling cascades. The discovery of activated fusion forms of the ALK tyrosine kinase in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has dramatically improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of these lymphomas and enhanced the pathological diagnosis of this subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Likewise, the realisation that a high percentage of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours express activated-ALK fusion proteins has clarified the causation of these mesenchymal neoplasms and provided for their easier discrimination from other mesenchymal-derived inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) mimics. Recent reports of ALK expression in a range of carcinoma-derived cell lines together with its apparent role as a receptor for PTN and MK, both of which have been implicated in tumourigenesis, raise the possibility that ALK-mediated signalling could play a role in the development and/or progression of a number of common solid tumours. The therapeutic targeting of ALK may prove to have efficacy in the treatment of many of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pulford
- Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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