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Lückgen J, Diederichs S, Raqué E, Renkawitz T, Richter W, Buchert J. Mechanoinduction of PTHrP/cAMP-signaling governs proteoglycan production in mesenchymal stromal cell-derived neocartilage. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31430. [PMID: 39238313 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal mechanical loading is one of the major risk factors for articular cartilage degeneration. Engineered mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived cartilage holds great promise for cell-based cartilage repair. However, physiological loading protocols were shown to reduce matrix synthesis of MSC-derived neocartilage in vitro and the regulators of this undesired mechanoresponse remain poorly understood. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is involved in cartilage development and can affect extracellular matrix (ECM) production during MSC chondrogenesis opposingly, depending on a continuous or transient exposure. PTHrP is induced by various mechanical cues in multiple tissues and species; but whether PTHrP is regulated in response to loading of human engineered neocartilage and may affect matrix synthesis in a positive or negative manner is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dynamic loading adjusts PTHrP-signaling in human MSC-derived neocartilage and whether it regulates matrix synthesis and other factors involved in the MSC mechanoresponse. Interestingly, MSC-derived chondrocytes significantly upregulated PTHrP mRNA (PTHLH) expression along with its second messenger cAMP in response to loading in our custom-built bioreactor. Exogenous PTHrP(1-34) induced the expression of known mechanoresponse genes (FOS, FOSB, BMP6) and significantly decreased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen synthesis similar to loading. The adenylate-cyclase inhibitor MDL-12,330A rescued the load-mediated decrease in GAG synthesis, indicating a direct involvement of cAMP-signaling in the reduction of ECM production. According to COL2A1-corrected hypertrophy-associated marker expression, load and PTHrP treatment shared the ability to reduce expression of MEF2C and PTH1R. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a significant mechanoinduction of PTHLH and a negative contribution of the PTHrP-cAMP signaling axis to GAG synthesis in MSC-derived chondrocytes after loading. To improve ECM synthesis and the mechanocompetence of load-exposed neocartilage, inhibition of PTHrP activity should be considered for MSC-based cartilage regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Lückgen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Solvig Diederichs
- Department of Orthopaedics, Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Raqué
- Department of Orthopaedics, Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Department of Orthopaedics, Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justyna Buchert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lin YY, Jbeily EH, Tjandra PM, Pride MC, Lopez-Torres M, Elmankabadi SB, Delman CM, Biris KK, Bang H, Silverman JL, Lee CA, Christiansen BA. Surgical restabilization reduces the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis initiated by ACL rupture in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:909-920. [PMID: 38697509 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People who sustain joint injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture often develop post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). In human patients, ACL injuries are often treated with ACL reconstruction. However, it is still unclear how effective joint restabilization is for reducing the progression of PTOA. The goal of this study was to determine how surgical restabilization of a mouse knee joint following non-invasive ACL injury affects PTOA progression. DESIGN In this study, 187 mice were subjected to non-invasive ACL injury or no injury. After injury, mice underwent restabilization surgery, sham surgery, or no surgery. Mice were then euthanized on day 14 or day 49 after injury/surgery. Functional analyses were performed at multiple time points to assess voluntary movement, gait, and pain. Knees were analyzed ex vivo with micro-computed tomography, RT-PCR, and whole-joint histology to assess articular cartilage degeneration, synovitis, and osteophyte formation. RESULTS Both ACL injury and surgery resulted in loss of epiphyseal trabecular bone (-27-32%) and reduced voluntary movement at early time points. Joint restabilization successfully lowered OA score (-78% relative to injured at day 14, p < 0.0001), and synovitis scores (-37% relative to injured at day 14, p = 0.042), and diminished the formation of chondrophytes/osteophytes (-97% relative to injured at day 14, p < 0.001, -78% at day 49, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that surgical knee restabilization was effective at reducing articular cartilage degeneration and diminishing chondrophyte/osteophyte formation after ACL injury in mice, suggesting that these processes are largely driven by joint instability in this mouse model. However, restabilization was not able to mitigate the early inflammatory response and the loss of epiphyseal trabecular bone, indicating that these processes are independent of joint instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Lin
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Elias H Jbeily
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Priscilla M Tjandra
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael C Pride
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 4625 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael Lopez-Torres
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Seif B Elmankabadi
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Connor M Delman
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kristin K Biris
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Heejung Bang
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical Sciences 1C, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 4625 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cassandra A Lee
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Blaine A Christiansen
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2301, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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3
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Cai X, Warburton C, Perez OF, Wang Y, Ho L, Finelli C, Ehlen QT, Wu C, Rodriguez CD, Kaplan L, Best TM, Huang CY, Meng Z. Hippo-PKCζ-NFκB signaling axis: A druggable modulator of chondrocyte responses to mechanical stress. iScience 2024; 27:109983. [PMID: 38827404 PMCID: PMC11140209 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated a crucial role of Hippo signaling in cell fate determination by biomechanical signals. Here we show that mechanical loading triggers the activation of a Hippo-PKCζ-NFκB pathway in chondrocytes, resulting in the expression of NFκB target genes associated with inflammation and matrix degradation. Mechanistically, mechanical loading activates an atypical PKC, PKCζ, which phosphorylates NFκB p65 at Serine 536, stimulating its transcriptional activation. This mechanosensitive activation of PKCζ and NFκB p65 is impeded in cells with gene deletion or chemical inhibition of Hippo core kinases LATS1/2, signifying an essential role of Hippo signaling in this mechanotransduction. A PKC inhibitor AEB-071 or PKCζ knockdown prevents p65 Serine 536 phosphorylation. Our study uncovers that the interplay of the Hippo signaling, PKCζ, and NFκB in response to mechanical loading serves as a therapeutic target for knee osteoarthritis and other conditions resulting from mechanical overloading or Hippo signaling deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Warburton
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olivia F. Perez
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lucy Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Christina Finelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Quinn T. Ehlen
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos D. Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chun-Yuh Huang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Brahmachary P, Erdogan E, Myers E, June RK. Metabolomic Profiling and Characterization of a Novel 3D Culture System for Studying Chondrocyte Mechanotransduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598340. [PMID: 38915493 PMCID: PMC11195103 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes synthesize and maintain the avascular and aneural articular cartilage. In vivo these cells are surrounded by a 3D pericellular matrix (PCM) containing predominantly collagen VI. The PCM protects chondrocytes and facilitates mechanotransduction, and PCM stiffness is critical in transmitting biomechanical signals to chondrocytes. Various culture systems with different hydrogels have been used to encapsulate chondrocytes for 3D culture, but many lack either the PCM or the in vivo stiffness of the cartilage matrix. Here, we demonstrate that primary chondrocytes cultured in alginate will form a pericellular matrix and display a phenotype similar to in vivo conditions. We found that primary human and bovine chondrocytes, when cultured in alginate beads with addition of sodium L-ascorbate for 7 days, had a pronounced PCM, retained their phenotype, and synthesized both collagens VI and II. This novel culture system enables alginate-encapsulated chondrocytes to develop a robust PCM thereby creating a model system to study mechanotransduction. We also observed distinct compression-induced changes in metabolomic profiles between the monolayer-agarose and alginate-released agarose-embedded chondrocytes indicating physiological changes in cell metabolism. Our data suggest that 3D preculture of chondrocytes in alginate before encapsulation in physiologically-stiff agarose leads to a pronounced development of pericellular matrix that is sustained in the presence of ascorbate. This novel model can be useful in studying the mechanism by which chondrocytes respond to cyclical compression and other types of loading simulating in vivo physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Brahmachary
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Ebru Erdogan
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Erik Myers
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
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Otoo BS, Kuan Moo E, Komeili A, Hart DA, Herzog W. Chondrocyte deformation during the unloading phase of cyclic compression loading. J Biomech 2024; 171:112179. [PMID: 38852482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cell volume and shape changes play a pivotal role in cellular mechanotransduction, governing cellular responses to external loading. Understanding the dynamics of cell behavior under loading conditions is essential to elucidate cell adaptation mechanisms in physiological and pathological contexts. In this study, we investigated the effects of dynamic cyclic compression loading on cell volume and shape changes, comparing them with static conditions. Using a custom-designed platform which allowed for simultaneous loading and imaging of cartilage tissue, tissues were subjected to 100 cycles of mechanical loading while measuring cell volume and shape alterations during the unloading phase at specific time points. The findings revealed a transient decrease in cell volume (13%) during the early cycles, followed by a gradual recovery to baseline levels after approximately 20 cycles, despite the cartilage tissue not being fully recovered at the unloading phase. This observed pattern indicates a temporal cell volume response that may be associated with cellular adaptation to the mechanical stimulus through mechanisms related to active cell volume regulation. Additionally, this study demonstrated that cell volume and shape responses during dynamic loading were significantly distinct from those observed under static conditions. Such findings suggest that cells in their natural tissue environment perceive and respond differently to dynamic compared to static mechanical cues, highlighting the significance of considering dynamic loading environments in studies related to cellular mechanics. Overall, this research contributes to the broader understanding of cellular behavior under mechanical stimuli, providing valuable insights into their ability to adapt to dynamic mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baaba S Otoo
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Eng Kuan Moo
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Amin Komeili
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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6
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Pratt SJP, Plunkett CM, Kuzu G, Trinh T, Barbara J, Choconta P, Quackenbush D, Huynh T, Smith A, Barnes SW, New J, Pierce J, Walker JR, Mainquist J, King FJ, Elliott J, Hammack S, Decker RS. A high throughput cell stretch device for investigating mechanobiology in vitro. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026129. [PMID: 38938688 PMCID: PMC11210978 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology is a rapidly advancing field, with growing evidence that mechanical signaling plays key roles in health and disease. To accelerate mechanobiology-based drug discovery, novel in vitro systems are needed that enable mechanical perturbation of cells in a format amenable to high throughput screening. Here, both a mechanical stretch device and 192-well silicone flexible linear stretch plate were designed and fabricated to meet high throughput technology needs for cell stretch-based applications. To demonstrate the utility of the stretch plate in automation and screening, cell dispensing, liquid handling, high content imaging, and high throughput sequencing platforms were employed. Using this system, an assay was developed as a biological validation and proof-of-concept readout for screening. A mechano-transcriptional stretch response was characterized using focused gene expression profiling measured by RNA-mediated oligonucleotide Annealing, Selection, and Ligation with Next-Gen sequencing. Using articular chondrocytes, a gene expression signature containing stretch responsive genes relevant to cartilage homeostasis and disease was identified. The possibility for integration of other stretch sensitive cell types (e.g., cardiovascular, airway, bladder, gut, and musculoskeletal), in combination with alternative phenotypic readouts (e.g., protein expression, proliferation, or spatial alignment), broadens the scope of high throughput stretch and allows for wider adoption by the research community. This high throughput mechanical stress device fills an unmet need in phenotypic screening technology to support drug discovery in mechanobiology-based disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. P. Pratt
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | | | - Guray Kuzu
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Ton Trinh
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Joshua Barbara
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Paula Choconta
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Doug Quackenbush
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Truc Huynh
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Anders Smith
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - S. Whitney Barnes
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Joel New
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - James Pierce
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - John R. Walker
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - James Mainquist
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Frederick J. King
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Jimmy Elliott
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Scott Hammack
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Rebekah S. Decker
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Gonzales S, Zhao JZ, Choi NY, Acharya P, Jeong S, Lee MY. SOX7: Novel Autistic Gene Identified by Analysis of Multi-Omics Data. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3346245. [PMID: 37790478 PMCID: PMC10543249 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3346245/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite thousands of variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is unclear which mutations are causal because most are noncoding. Consequently, reliable diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. RNA-seq analysis captures biomolecular complexity that GWAS cannot by considering transcriptomic patterns. Therefore, integrating DNA and RNA testing may reveal causal genes and useful biomarkers for ASD. Methods We performed gene-based association studies using an adaptive test method with GWAS summary statistics from two large Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) datasets (ASD2019: 18,382 cases and 27,969 controls; ASD2017: 6,197 cases and 7,377 controls). We also investigated differential expression for genes identified with the adaptive test using an RNA-seq dataset (GSE30573: 3 cases and 3 controls) and DESeq2. Results We identified 5 genes significantly associated with ASD in ASD2019 (KIZ-AS1, p = 8.67×10- 10; KIZ, p = 1.16×10- 9; XRN2, p = 7.73×10- 9; SOX7, p = 2.22×10- 7; LOC101929229 (also known as PINX1-DT), p = 2.14×10- 6). Two of the five genes were replicated in ASD2017: SOX7 (p = 0.00087) and LOC101929229 (p = 0.009), and KIZ was close to the replication boundary of replication (p = 0.06). We identified significant expression differences for SOX7 (p = 0.0017, adjusted p = 0.0085), LOC101929229 (p = 5.83×10- 7, adjusted p = 1.18×10- 5), and KIZ (p = 0.00099, adjusted p = 0.0055). SOX7 encodes a transcription factor that regulates developmental pathways, alterations in which may contribute to ASD. Limitations The limitation of the gene-based analysis is the reliance on a reference population for estimating linkage disequilibrium between variants. The similarity of this reference population to the population of study is crucial to the accuracy of many gene-based analyses, including those performed in this study. As a result, the extent of our findings is limited to European populations, as this was our reference of choice. Future work includes a tighter integration of DNA and RNA information as well as extensions to non-European populations that have been under-researched. Conclusions These findings suggest that SOX7 and its related SOX family genes encode transcription factors that are critical to the downregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an important developmental signaling pathway, providing credence to the biologic plausibility of the association between gene SOX7 and autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Zizhen Zhao
- Miami Dade College Kendall Campus and School for Advanced Studies
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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9
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Cai X, Warburton C, Perez OF, Wang Y, Ho L, Finelli C, Ehlen QT, Wu C, Rodriguez CD, Kaplan L, Best TM, Huang CY, Meng Z. Hippo Signaling Modulates the Inflammatory Response of Chondrocytes to Mechanical Compressive Loading. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.09.544419. [PMID: 37662374 PMCID: PMC10473729 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative disease resulting from mechanical overload, where direct physical impacts on chondrocytes play a crucial role in disease development by inducing inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. However, the signaling cascades that sense these physical impacts and induce the pathogenic transcriptional programs of KOA remain to be defined, which hinders the identification of novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have implicated a crucial role of Hippo signaling in osteoarthritis. Since Hippo signaling senses mechanical cues, we aimed to determine its role in chondrocyte responses to mechanical overload. Here we show that mechanical loading induces the expression of inflammatory and matrix-degrading genes by activating the nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) pathway in a Hippo-dependent manner. Applying mechanical compressional force to 3-dimensional cultured chondrocytes activated NFκB and induced the expression of NFκB target genes for inflammation and matrix degradation (i.e., IL1β and ADAMTS4). Interestingly, deleting the Hippo pathway effector YAP or activating YAP by deleting core Hippo kinases LATS1/2 blocked the NFκB pathway activation induced by mechanical loading. Consistently, treatment with a LATS1/2 kinase inhibitor abolished the upregulation of IL1β and ADAMTS4 caused by mechanical loading. Mechanistically, mechanical loading activates Protein Kinase C (PKC), which activates NFκB p65 by phosphorylating its Serine 536. Furthermore, the mechano-activation of both PKC and NFκB p65 is blocked in LATS1/2 or YAP knockout cells, indicating that the Hippo pathway is required by this mechanoregulation. Additionally, the mechanical loading-induced phosphorylation of NFκB p65 at Ser536 is blocked by the LATS1/2 inhibitor Lats-In-1 or the PKC inhibitor AEB-071. Our study suggests that the interplay of the Hippo signaling and PKC controls NFκB-mediated inflammation and matrix degradation in response to mechanical loading. Chemical inhibitors targeting Hippo signaling or PKC can prevent the mechanoresponses of chondrocytes associated with inflammation and matrix degradation, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christopher Warburton
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Olivia F. Perez
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lucy Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL
| | | | - Quinn T. Ehlen
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL
| | - Carlos D. Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Chun-Yuh Huang
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL
- USOAR Scholar Program, Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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10
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Gonzales S, Zhao JZ, Choi NY, Acharya P, Jeong S, Lee MY. SOX7: Novel Autistic Gene Identified by Analysis of Multi-Omics Data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542456. [PMID: 37292933 PMCID: PMC10245991 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies and next generation sequencing data analyses based on DNA information have identified thousands of mutations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, more than 99% of identified mutations are non-coding. Thus, it is unclear which of these mutations might be functional and thus potentially causal variants. Transcriptomic profiling using total RNA-sequencing has been one of the most utilized approaches to link protein levels to genetic information at the molecular level. The transcriptome captures molecular genomic complexity that the DNA sequence solely does not. Some mutations alter a gene's DNA sequence but do not necessarily change expression and/or protein function. To date, few common variants reliably associated with the diagnosis status of ASD despite consistently high estimates of heritability. In addition, reliable biomarkers used to diagnose ASD or molecular mechanisms to define the severity of ASD do not exist. Objectives It is necessary to integrate DNA and RNA testing together to identify true causal genes and propose useful biomarkers for ASD. Methods We performed gene-based association studies with adaptive test using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics with two large GWAS datasets (ASD 2019 data: 18,382 ASD cases and 27,969 controls [discovery data]; ASD 2017 data: 6,197 ASD cases and 7,377 controls [replication data]) which were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). In addition, we investigated differential expression for genes identified in gene-based GWAS with a RNA-seq dataset (GSE30573: 3 cases and 3 controls) using the DESeq2 package. Results We identified 5 genes significantly associated with ASD in ASD 2019 data (KIZ-AS1, p=8.67×10-10; KIZ, p=1.16×10-9; XRN2, p=7.73×10-9; SOX7, p=2.22×10-7; PINX1-DT, p=2.14×10-6). Among these 5 genes, gene SOX7 (p=0.00087), LOC101929229 (p=0.009), and KIZ-AS1 (p=0.059) were replicated in ASD 2017 data. KIZ (p=0.06) was close to the boundary of replication in ASD 2017 data. Genes SOX7 (p=0.0017, adjusted p=0.0085), LOC101929229 (also known as PINX1-DT, p=5.83×10-7, adjusted p=1.18×10-5), and KIZ (p=0.00099, adjusted p=0.0055) indicated significant expression differences between cases and controls in the RNA-seq data. SOX7 encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors pivotally contributing to determining of the cell fate and identity in many lineages. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins leading to autism. Conclusion Gene SOX7 in the transcription factor family could be associated with ASD. This finding may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gonzales
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Jane Zizhen Zhao
- Miami Dade College Kendall Campus and School for Advanced Studies, Miami, FL 33176
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207
| | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207
| | - Sehoon Jeong
- Department of Healthcare Information Technology Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea, 50834
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207
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11
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Hardy M, Feehan L, Savvides G, Wong J. How controlled motion alters the biophysical properties of musculoskeletal tissue architecture. J Hand Ther 2023; 36:269-279. [PMID: 37029054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Movement is fundamental to the normal behaviour of the hand, not only for day-to-day activity, but also for fundamental processes like development, tissue homeostasis and repair. Controlled motion is a concept that hand therapists apply to their patients daily for functional gains, yet the scientific understanding of how this works is poorly understood. PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE To review the biology of the tissues in the hand that respond to movement and provide a basic science understanding of how it can be manipulated to facilitate better functionThe review outlines the concept of controlled motion and actions across the scales of tissue architecture, highlighting the the role of movement forces in tissue development, homeostasis and repair. The biophysical behaviour of mechanosensitve tissues of the hand such as skin, tendon, bone and cartilage are discussed. CONCLUSION Controlled motion during early healing is a form of controlled stress and can be harnessed to generate appropriate reparative tissues. Understanding the temporal and spatial biology of tissue repair allows therapists to tailor therapies that allow optimal recovery based around progressive biophysical stimuli by movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Hardy
- Past Director Rehab Services and Hand Management Center, St. Dominic Hospital, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lynne Feehan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georgia Savvides
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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12
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Van Gelder P, Audenaert E, Calders P, Leybaert L. A new look at osteoarthritis: Threshold potentials and an analogy to hypocalcemia. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:977426. [PMID: 36970729 PMCID: PMC10031104 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.977426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage is a tissue that consist of very few cells embedded in a highly negatively charged extracellular matrix (ECM). This tissue is dealing with several electrical potentials which have been shown to control the production of ECM. Cartilage is present at joints and is constantly prone to degradation. Failing to repair the damage will result in the occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA). This perspective aims to link biophysical insights with biomolecular research in order to provide an alternative view on the possible causes of OA. Firstly, we hypothesize the existence of a threshold potential, which should be reached in order to initiate repair but if not met, unrepaired damage will evolve to OA. Measurements of the magnitude of this threshold electrical potential would be a helpful diagnostic tool. Secondly, since electrical potential alterations can induce chondrocytes to synthesize ECM, a cellular sensor must be present. We here propose an analogy to the hypocalcemia ‘unshielding’ situation to comprehend electrical potential generation and explore possible sensing mechanisms translating the electrical message into cellular responses. A better understanding of the cellular voltage sensors and down-stream signalling mechanisms may lead to the development of novel treatments for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Van Gelder
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Audenaert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L. Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (BAMS), Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: L. Leybaert,
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13
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Shaban NS, Radi AM, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Al-Serwi RH, Hassan RM, Mohammed ET, Radi RA, Halfaya FM. Targeting Some Key Metalloproteinases by Nano-Naringenin and Amphora coffeaeformis as a Novel Strategy for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:260. [PMID: 37259405 PMCID: PMC9959020 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents the highest degenerative disorder. Because cartilage erosion is a common pathological alteration in OA, targeting some key metalloproteinases such as MMP-3, ADAMTS-5 besides their inhibitor TIMP-3 by natural products, could be an effective strategy to protect against osteoarthritis. Forty female Wister rats were categorized into five equal groups. Control, osteoarthritic (OA) (monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) 2 mg/50 µL saline, single intra-articular injection), OA+ indomethacin (2 mg/kg/daily/orally), OA+ nano-naringenin (25 mg/kg/daily/orally), and OA+ Amphora coffeaeformis (772 mg/kg/daily/orally). Treatments were initiated on the 8th day after osteoarthritis induction and continued for 28 days thereafter. Finally, blood and knee joint samples were collected from all rats for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. The current study showed that MIA induced oxidative stress, which resulted in changes in the inflammatory joint markers associated with increased right knee diameter and higher clinical scores for lameness. Amphora coffeaeformis followed by nano-naringenin exhibited a potential anti-arthritic activity by reducing the concentrations of serum MMP-3, ADAMTS-5, and joint MDA and increasing the levels of serum TIMP-3 and joint GSH, similar to indomethacin. The histopathological results confirmed these outcomes. In conclusion, Amphora coffeaeformis and nano-naringenin can be considered as natural therapeutic agents for osteoarthritis owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nema S Shaban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Radi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa M Hassan
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Rania A Radi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Halfaya
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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14
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Uzieliene I, Bironaite D, Bagdonas E, Pachaleva J, Sobolev A, Tsai WB, Kvederas G, Bernotiene E. The Effects of Mechanical Load on Chondrogenic Responses of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Encapsulated in Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Hydrogel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032915. [PMID: 36769232 PMCID: PMC9918200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is vulnerable to mechanical overload and has limited ability to restore lesions, which leads to the development of chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, the chondrogenic responses of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and OA cartilage-derived chondrocytes in 3D chondroitin sulfate-tyramine/gelatin (CS-Tyr)/Gel) hydrogels with or without experimental mechanical load have been investigated. Chondrocytes were smaller in size, had slower proliferation rate and higher level of intracellular calcium (iCa2+) compared to BMMSCs. Under 3D chondrogenic conditions in CS-Tyr/Gel with or without TGF-β3, chondrocytes more intensively secreted cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and expressed collagen type II (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN) genes but were more susceptible to mechanical load compared to BMMSCs. ICa2+ was more stably controlled in CS-Tyr/Gel/BMMSCs than in CS-Tyr/Gel/chondrocytes ones, through the expression of L-type channel subunit CaV1.2 (CACNA1C) and Serca2 pump (ATP2A2) genes, and their balance was kept more stable. Due to the lower susceptibility to mechanical load, BMMSCs in CS-Tyr/Gel hydrogel may have an advantage over chondrocytes in application for cartilage regeneration purposes. The mechanical overload related cartilage damage in vivo and the vague regenerative processes of OA chondrocytes might be associated to the inefficient control of iCa2+ regulating channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Pachaleva
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Giedrius Kvederas
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6837-7130
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15
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Capuana E, Marino D, Di Gesù R, La Carrubba V, Brucato V, Tuan RS, Gottardi R. A High-Throughput Mechanical Activator for Cartilage Engineering Enables Rapid Screening of in vitro Response of Tissue Models to Physiological and Supra-Physiological Loads. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 211:670-688. [PMID: 34261061 PMCID: PMC9843549 DOI: 10.1159/000514985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is crucially influenced by loading during development, health, and disease. However, our knowledge of the mechanical conditions that promote engineered cartilage maturation or tissue repair is still incomplete. Current in vitro models that allow precise control of the local mechanical environment have been dramatically limited by very low throughput, usually just a few specimens per experiment. To overcome this constraint, we have developed a new device for the high throughput compressive loading of tissue constructs: the High Throughput Mechanical Activator for Cartilage Engineering (HiT-MACE), which allows the mechanoactivation of 6 times more samples than current technologies. With HiT-MACE we were able to apply cyclic loads in the physiological (e.g., equivalent to walking and normal daily activity) and supra-physiological range (e.g., injurious impacts or extensive overloading) to up to 24 samples in one single run. In this report, we compared the early response of cartilage to physiological and supra-physiological mechanical loading to the response to IL-1β exposure, a common but rudimentary in vitro model of cartilage osteoarthritis. Physiological loading rapidly upregulated gene expression of anabolic markers along the TGF-β1 pathway. Notably, TGF-β1 or serum was not included in the medium. Supra-physiological loading caused a mild catabolic response while IL-1β exposure drove a rapid anabolic shift. This aligns well with recent findings suggesting that overloading is a more realistic and biomimetic model of cartilage degeneration. Taken together, these findings showed that the application of HiT-MACE allowed the use of larger number of samples to generate higher volume of data to effectively explore cartilage mechanobiology, which will enable the design of more effective repair and rehabilitation strategies for degenerative cartilage pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Davide Marino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roberto Di Gesù
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,INSTM, Palermo Research Unit, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy,*Riccardo Gottardi,
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16
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Otarola GA, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. ION MODULATORY TREATMENTS TOWARD FUNCTIONAL SELF-ASSEMBLED NEOCARTILAGE. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:85-96. [PMID: 36113725 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Signals that recapitulate in vitro the conditions found in vivo, such as hypoxia or mechanical forces, contribute to the generation of tissue-engineered hyaline-like tissues. The cell regulatory processes behind hypoxic and mechanical stimuli rely on ion concentration; iron is required to degrade the hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF1α) under normoxia, whereas the initiation of mechanotransduction requires the cytoplasmic increase of calcium concentration. In this work, we propose that ion modulation can be used to improve the biomechanical properties of self-assembled neocartilage constructs derived from rejuvenated expanded minipig rib chondrocytes. The objectives of this work were 1) to determine the effects of iron sequestration on self-assembled neocartilage constructs using two doses of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO), and 2) to evaluate the performance of the combined treatment of DFO and ionomycin, a calcium ionophore that triggers cytoplasmic calcium accumulation. This study employed a two-phase approach. In Phase I, constructs treated with a high dose of DFO (100 µM) exhibited an 87% increase in pyridinoline crosslinks, a 57% increase in the Young's modulus, and a 112% increase in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the neotissue. In Phase II, the combined use of both ion modulators resulted in 150% and 176% significant increases in the Young's modulus and UTS of neocartilage constructs, respectively; for the first time, neocartilage constructs achieved a Young's modulus of 11.76±3.29 MPa and UTS of 4.20±1.24 MPa. The results of this work provide evidence that ion modulation can be employed to improve the biomechanical properties in engineered neotissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : The translation of tissue-engineered products requires the development of strategies capable of producing biomimetic neotissues in a replicable, controllable, and cost-effective manner. Among other functions, Fe2+ and Ca2+ are involved in the control of the hypoxic response and mechanotransduction, respectively. Both stimuli, hypoxia and mechanical forces, are known to favor chondrogenesis. This study utilized ion modulators to improve the mechanical properties self-assembled neocartilage constructs derived from expanded and rejuvenated costal chondrocytes via Fe2+ sequestration and Ca2+ influx, alone or in combination. The results indicate that ion modulation induced tissue maturation and a significant improvement of the mechanical properties, and holds potential as a tool to mitigate the need for bioreactors and engineer hyaline-like tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston A Otarola
- 3131 Engineering Hall, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- 3131 Engineering Hall, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- 3131 Engineering Hall, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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17
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Osteoarthritis-Induced Metabolic Alterations of Human Hip Chondrocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061349. [PMID: 35740371 PMCID: PMC9220245 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) alters chondrocyte metabolism and mitochondrial biology. We explored whether OA and non-OA chondrocytes show persistent differences in metabolism and mitochondrial function and different responsiveness to cytokines and cAMP modulators. Hip chondrocytes from patients with OA or femoral neck fracture (non-OA) were stimulated with IL-1β, TNF, forskolin and opioid peptides. Mediators released from chondrocytes were measured, and mitochondrial functions and glycolysis were determined (Seahorse Analyzer). Unstimulated OA chondrocytes exhibited significantly higher release of IL-6, PGE2 and MMP1 and lower production of glycosaminoglycan than non-OA chondrocytes. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and mitochondrial ATP production were comparable in unstimulated non-OA and OA chondrocytes, although the non-mitochondrial OCR was higher in OA chondrocytes. Compared to OA chondrocytes, non-OA chondrocytes showed stronger responses to IL-1β/TNF stimulation, consisting of a larger decrease in mitochondrial ATP production and larger increases in non-mitochondrial OCR and NO production. Enhancement of cAMP by forskolin prevented IL-1β-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in OA chondrocytes but not in non-OA chondrocytes. Endogenous opioids, present in OA joints, influenced neither cytokine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction nor NO upregulation. Glycolysis was not different in non-OA and OA chondrocytes, independent of stimulation. OA induces persistent metabolic alterations, but the results suggest upregulation of cellular mechanisms protecting mitochondrial function in OA.
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18
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Davis JR, Ainslie AP, Williamson JJ, Ferreira A, Torres-Sánchez A, Hoppe A, Mangione F, Smith MB, Martin-Blanco E, Salbreux G, Tapon N. ECM degradation in the Drosophila abdominal epidermis initiates tissue growth that ceases with rapid cell-cycle exit. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1285-1300.e4. [PMID: 35167804 PMCID: PMC8967408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During development, multicellular organisms undergo stereotypical patterns of tissue growth in space and time. How developmental growth is orchestrated remains unclear, largely due to the difficulty of observing and quantitating this process in a living organism. Drosophila histoblast nests are small clusters of progenitor epithelial cells that undergo extensive growth to give rise to the adult abdominal epidermis and are amenable to live imaging. Our quantitative analysis of histoblast proliferation and tissue mechanics reveals that tissue growth is driven by cell divisions initiated through basal extracellular matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteases secreted by the neighboring larval epidermal cells. Laser ablations and computational simulations show that tissue mechanical tension does not decrease as the histoblasts fill the abdominal epidermal surface. During tissue growth, the histoblasts display oscillatory cell division rates until growth termination occurs through the rapid emergence of G0/G1 arrested cells, rather than a gradual increase in cell-cycle time as observed in other systems such as the Drosophila wing and mouse postnatal epidermis. Different developing tissues can therefore achieve their final size using distinct growth termination strategies. Thus, adult abdominal epidermal development is characterized by changes in the tissue microenvironment and a rapid exit from the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Robert Davis
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna P Ainslie
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John J Williamson
- Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alejandro Torres-Sánchez
- Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreas Hoppe
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Federica Mangione
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew B Smith
- Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac, 4-8, Torre R, 3era Planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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19
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Lee HR, Lee S, Yoo IS, Yoo SJ, Kwon MH, Joung CI, Park JA, Wook Kang S, Kim J. CD14+ monocytes and soluble CD14 of synovial fluid are associated with osteoarthritis progression. Arch Rheumatol 2022; 37:335-343. [PMID: 36589618 PMCID: PMC9791551 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2022.9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the role of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) expressed monocytes and soluble CD14-mediated pathway in the synovial inflammation of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods Between May 2012 and July 2013, a total of 35 patients with knee OA (9 males, 26 females; mean age: 66.3±8.8 years; range, 52 to 79 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Synovial fluid was obtained from knee joints of 35 OA patients. The CD14+ monocytes from synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were isolated using the MACS. The fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) isolated from knee joint tissue were incubated with recombinant CD14 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Cytokine profiling was performed with the Luminex® Performance Assay or magnetic bead panel kit. The expression of CD14 and CD16 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results The concentration of sCD14 in synovial fluid was correlated with the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level (n=35) (ρ=0.654, p<0.001). The culture supernatants of CD14+ monocytes isolated from SFMC (n=15) showed a correlation between sCD14 and IL-6 (ρ=0.784, p=0.001), along with complement component 3 (ρ=0.756, p=0.010), IL-1b (ρ=0.652, p=0.012), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (ρ=0.806, p=0.001). Following recombinant CD14 and LPS treatment, OA FLS synergistically enhanced the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (n=3, p<0.05). In five paired-samples from identical patients, the proportions of CD14+ monocytes were significantly elevated in recurred synovial fluid compared to those in initial synovial fluid (p=0.043). When monocyte subsets were analyzed in SFMC (n=26), CD14+CD16+monocytes were abundant (p=0.019) and had higher toll-like receptor 4 expression than CD14+CD16- (p<0.001). Conclusion Our study results suggest that CD14+ monocytes and the sCD14-mediated pathway play an important role in OA aggravation through inflammatory cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Reum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seol Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-il Joung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ah Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Alizadeh Sardroud H, Wanlin T, Chen X, Eames BF. Cartilage Tissue Engineering Approaches Need to Assess Fibrocartilage When Hydrogel Constructs Are Mechanically Loaded. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:787538. [PMID: 35096790 PMCID: PMC8790514 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.787538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes that are impregnated within hydrogel constructs sense applied mechanical force and can respond by expressing collagens, which are deposited into the extracellular matrix (ECM). The intention of most cartilage tissue engineering is to form hyaline cartilage, but if mechanical stimulation pushes the ratio of collagen type I (Col1) to collagen type II (Col2) in the ECM too high, then fibrocartilage can form instead. With a focus on Col1 and Col2 expression, the first part of this article reviews the latest studies on hyaline cartilage regeneration within hydrogel constructs that are subjected to compression forces (one of the major types of the forces within joints) in vitro. Since the mechanical loading conditions involving compression and other forces in joints are difficult to reproduce in vitro, implantation of hydrogel constructs in vivo is also reviewed, again with a focus on Col1 and Col2 production within the newly formed cartilage. Furthermore, mechanotransduction pathways that may be related to the expression of Col1 and Col2 within chondrocytes are reviewed and examined. Also, two recently-emerged, novel approaches of load-shielding and synchrotron radiation (SR)–based imaging techniques are discussed and highlighted for future applications to the regeneration of hyaline cartilage. Going forward, all cartilage tissue engineering experiments should assess thoroughly whether fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Alizadeh Sardroud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hamed Alizadeh Sardroud,
| | - Tasker Wanlin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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21
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Song Z, Li Y, Shang C, Shang G, Kou H, Li J, Chen S, Liu H. Sprifermin: Effects on Cartilage Homeostasis and Therapeutic Prospects in Cartilage-Related Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786546. [PMID: 34970547 PMCID: PMC8712868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), articular cartilage homeostasis is out of balance and the living quality declines. The treatment of knee OA has always been an unsolved problem in the world. At present, symptomatic treatment is mainly adopted for OA. Drug therapy is mainly used to relieve pain symptoms, but often accompanied with adverse reactions; surgical treatment involves the problem of poor integration between the repaired or transplanted tissues and the natural cartilage, leading to the failure of repair. Biotherapy which aims to promote cartilage in situ regeneration and to restore endochondral homeostasis is expected to be an effective method for the prevention and treatment of OA. Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) are intended for targeted treatment of OA. The DMOADs prevent excessive destruction of articular cartilage through anti-catabolism and stimulate tissue regeneration via excitoanabolic effects. Sprifermin (recombinant human FGF18, rhFGF18) is an effective DMOAD, which can not only promote the proliferation of articular chondrocyte and the synthesis of extracellular matrix, increase the thickness of cartilage in a dose-dependent manner, but also inhibit the activity of proteolytic enzymes and remarkedly slow down the degeneration of cartilage. This paper reviews the unique advantages of Sprifermin in repairing cartilage injury and improving cartilage homeostasis, aiming to provide an important strategy for the effective prevention and treatment of cartilage injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmian Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guowei Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Fludder CJ, Keil BG, Neave MJ. Case report: Morphological changes evident after manual therapy in two cases of late-diagnosed developmental dysplasia of the hip. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1045812. [PMID: 36776679 PMCID: PMC9909744 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1045812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late diagnosed Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is the detection of DDH after 3 months of age and is associated with significantly poorer outcomes than when diagnosed and managed early. Late diagnosed DDH has lower rates of success with bracing, higher rates of surgery and higher rates of complications, including avascular necrosis of the femoral head and early osteoarthritis of the hip. We describe two cases of late-diagnosed DDH which demonstrated changes in femoroacetabular joint morphology on radiographic interpretation after a 6-month trial period of manual therapy. CASE PRESENTATION Two cases (13 and 30 months of age) with late-diagnosed DDH presented to a private chiropractic clinic for conservative, non-bracing management. One case had unilateral DDH and the other bilateral DDH. A trial of manual therapy was utilized over a 6-month period. Both cases demonstrated changes to femoroacetabular morphology as well as improvements in gross motor activity and lower extremity muscle tone. CONCLUSION Manual therapy, as an adjunct or alternative to static bracing, may be of benefit in individuals with late-diagnosed DDH not responding to bracing, and prior to more invasive interventions. Additional cases of manual therapy-based management of this condition are required to inform the design of future trials to investigate this hypothesis.
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23
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Otarola G, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM AND SODIUM MODULATION OF SELF-ASSEMBLED NEOCARTILAGE USING COSTAL CHONDROCYTES. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:595-605. [PMID: 34877888 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion signaling via Ca2+ and Na+ plays a key role in mechanotransduction and encourages a chondrogenic phenotype and tissue maturation. Here, we propose that the pleiotropic effects of Ca2+ and Na+ modulation can be used to induce maturation and improvement of neocartilage derived from re-differentiated expanded chondrocytes from minipig rib cartilage. Three ion modulators were employed: 1) 4α-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4-αPDD), an agonist of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), 2) ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+/K+ pump, and 3) ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore. These ion modulators were used individually or in combination. While no beneficial effects were observed when using combinations of the ion modulators, single treatment of constructs with the three ion modulators resulted in multiple effects in structure-function relationships. The most significant findings were related to ionomycin. Treatment of neocartilage with ionomycin produced 61% and 115% increases in glycosaminoglycan and pyridinoline crosslink content, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, treatment with this Ca2+ ionophore resulted in a 45% increase of the aggregate modulus, and a 63% increase in the tensile Young's modulus, resulting in aggregate and Young's moduli of 567 kPa and 8.43 MPa, respectively. These results support the use of ion modulation to develop biomimetic neocartilage using expanded re-differentiated costal chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Otarola
- University of California, Irvine, BME, Irvine, California, United States;
| | - Jerry C Hu
- University of California, Irvine, BME, Irvine, California, United States;
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24
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Hsia AW, Jbeily EH, Mendez ME, Cunningham HC, Biris KK, Bang H, Lee CA, Loots GG, Christiansen BA. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression is diminished by early mechanical unloading and anti-inflammatory treatment in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1709-1719. [PMID: 34653605 PMCID: PMC8678362 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a degenerative joint disease initiated by injury. Early phase (0-7 days) treatments often include rest (unloading) and anti-inflammatory medications, but how those early interventions impact PTOA progression is unknown. We hypothesized that early unloading and anti-inflammatory treatment would diminish joint inflammation and slow PTOA progression. DESIGN Mice were injured with non-invasive ACL rupture followed by hindlimb unloading (HLU) or normal cage activity (ground control: GC) for 7 days, after which all mice were allowed normal cage activity. HLU and GC mice were treated with daily celecoxib (CXB; 10 mg/kg IP) or vehicle. Protease activity was evaluated using in vivo fluorescence imaging, osteophyte formation and epiphyseal trabecular bone were quantified using micro-computed tomography, and synovitis and articular cartilage were evaluated using whole-joint histology at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-injury. RESULTS HLU significantly reduced protease activity (-22-30% compared to GC) and synovitis (-24-50% relative to GC) at day 7 post-injury (during unloading), but these differences were not maintained at later timepoints. Similarly, trabecular bone volume was partially preserved in HLU mice at during unloading (-14-15% BV/TV for HLU mice, -21-22% for GC mice relative to uninjured), but these differences were not maintained during reloading. Osteophyte volume was reduced by both HLU and CXB, but there was not an additive effect of these treatments (HLU: -46%, CXB: -30%, HLU + CXB: -35% relative to vehicle GC at day 28). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that early unloading following joint injury can reduce inflammation and potentially slow PTOA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Hsia
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 4635 2nd Ave, Suite 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - E H Jbeily
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 4635 2nd Ave, Suite 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - M E Mendez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - H C Cunningham
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 4635 2nd Ave, Suite 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - K K Biris
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 4635 2nd Ave, Suite 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - H Bang
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Sciences 1C, Suite 145, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - C A Lee
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 4635 2nd Ave, Suite 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - G G Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - B A Christiansen
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, 4635 2nd Ave, Suite 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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25
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McDonough RC, Price C. Targeted Activation of GPCR-Mediated Ca 2+ Signaling Drives Enhanced Cartilage-Like Matrix Formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:405-419. [PMID: 34693731 PMCID: PMC9271335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling is a critical regulator of chondrogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, and cartilage development. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is known to direct processes that govern chondrocyte gene expression, protein synthesis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell fate. Control of chondrocyte/chondroprogenitor Ca2+ signaling has been attempted through mechanical and/or pharmacological activation of endogenous Ca2+ signaling transducers; however, such approaches can lack specificity and/or precision regarding Ca2+ activation mechanisms. Synthetic signaling platforms permitting precise and selective Ca2+ signal transduction can improve dissection of the roles that [Ca2+]i signaling play in chondrocyte behavior. One such platform is the chemogenetic hM3Dq DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) that activates [Ca2+]i signaling via the Gαq-PLCβ-IP3-ER pathway upon clozapine N-oxide (CNO) administration. We previously demonstrated hM3Dq's ability to precisely and synthetically initiate robust [Ca2+]i transients and oscillatory [Ca2+]i signaling in chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells. Here, we investigate the effects that long-term CNO stimulatory culture have on hM3Dq [Ca2+]i signaling dynamics, proliferation, and protein deposition in 2D ATDC5 cultures. Long-term culturing under repeated CNO stimulation modified the temporal dynamics of hM3Dq [Ca2+]i signaling, increased cell proliferation, and enhanced matrix production in a CNO dose- and frequency-dependent manner, and triggered the formation of cell condensations that developed aligned, anisotropic neotissue structures rich in cartilaginous proteoglycans and collagens, all in the absence of differentiation inducers. This study demonstrated Gαq-GPCR-mediated [Ca2+]i signaling involvement in chondroprogenitor proliferation and cartilage-like matrix production, and established hM3Dq as a powerful tool for elucidating the role of GPCR-mediated Ca2+ signaling in chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C McDonough
- University of Delaware, 5972, Biomedical Engineering, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware, United States, 19716-5600;
| | - Christopher Price
- University of Delaware, 5972, Biomedical Engineering, Newark, Delaware, United States;
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26
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Logerstedt DS, Ebert JR, MacLeod TD, Heiderscheit BC, Gabbett TJ, Eckenrode BJ. Effects of and Response to Mechanical Loading on the Knee. Sports Med 2021; 52:201-235. [PMID: 34669175 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading to the knee joint results in a differential response based on the local capacity of the tissues (ligament, tendon, meniscus, cartilage, and bone) and how those tissues subsequently adapt to that load at the molecular and cellular level. Participation in cutting, pivoting, and jumping sports predisposes the knee to the risk of injury. In this narrative review, we describe different mechanisms of loading that can result in excessive loads to the knee, leading to ligamentous, musculotendinous, meniscal, and chondral injuries or maladaptations. Following injury (or surgery) to structures around the knee, the primary goal of rehabilitation is to maximize the patient's response to exercise at the current level of function, while minimizing the risk of re-injury to the healing tissue. Clinicians should have a clear understanding of the specific injured tissue(s), and rehabilitation should be driven by knowledge of tissue-healing constraints, knee complex and lower extremity biomechanics, neuromuscular physiology, task-specific activities involving weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions, and training principles. We provide a practical application for prescribing loading progressions of exercises, functional activities, and mobility tasks based on their mechanical load profile to knee-specific structures during the rehabilitation process. Various loading interventions can be used by clinicians to produce physical stress to address body function, physical impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. By modifying the mechanical load elements, clinicians can alter the tissue adaptations, facilitate motor learning, and resolve corresponding physical impairments. Providing different loads that create variable tensile, compressive, and shear deformation on the tissue through mechanotransduction and specificity can promote the appropriate stress adaptations to increase tissue capacity and injury tolerance. Tools for monitoring rehabilitation training loads to the knee are proposed to assess the reactivity of the knee joint to mechanical loading to monitor excessive mechanical loads and facilitate optimal rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Logerstedt
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jay R Ebert
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Toran D MacLeod
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bryan C Heiderscheit
- Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian J Eckenrode
- Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
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Storch C, Fuhrmann H, Schoeniger A. HOX Gene Expressions in Cultured Articular and Nasal Equine Chondrocytes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092542. [PMID: 34573508 PMCID: PMC8471089 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Once articular cartilage is damaged, it is unable to regain its original tissue integrity, which leads to osteoarthritis including degeneration of the joint, suffering and pain. In equine medicine there is no therapy available to repair joint defects. Hyaline cartilage of nasal septum shows a high basal collagen II expression, which may have a positive effect on damaged articular cartilage. Therefore, nasal septum could be a potential source for chondrocytes for autologous implantation in the future. Abstract Osteoarthritis the quality and span of life in horses. Previous studies focused on nasal cartilage as a possible source for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in cartilage defects in humans. “HOX gene-negative” nasal chondrocytes adapted articular HOX patterns after implantation into caprine joint defects and produced cartilage matrix proteins. We compared the HOX gene profile of equine chondrocytes of nasal septum, anterior and posterior fetlock to identify nasal cartilage as a potential source for ACI in horses. Cartilage was harvested from seven horses after death and derived chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer to fourth subcultivation. HOX A3, D1, D8 and chondrocyte markers COL2 and SOX9 were analyzed with qPCR in chondrocytes of three different locations obtained during passage 0 and passage 2. HOX gene expression showed no significant differences between the locations but varied significantly between the horses. HOX genes and SOX9 remained stable during culturing. Cultured nasal chondrocytes may be a target for future research in cell-based regenerative therapies in equine osteoarthritis. The involvement of HOX genes in the high regenerative and adaptive potential of nasal chondrocytes observed in previous studies could not be confirmed.
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Bartolotti I, Roseti L, Petretta M, Grigolo B, Desando G. A Roadmap of In Vitro Models in Osteoarthritis: A Focus on Their Biological Relevance in Regenerative Medicine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1920. [PMID: 33925222 PMCID: PMC8124812 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifaceted musculoskeletal disorder, with a high prevalence worldwide. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are among the main biological targets in the OA microenvironment. Gaining more knowledge on the accuracy of preclinical in vitro OA models could open innovative avenues in regenerative medicine to bridge major gaps, especially in translation from animals to humans. Our methodological approach entailed searches on Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select the most relevant preclinical in vitro models for studying OA. Predicting the biological response of regenerative strategies requires developing relevant preclinical models able to mimic the OA milieu influencing tissue responses and organ complexity. In this light, standard 2D culture models lack critical properties beyond cell biology, while animal models suffer from several limitations due to species differences. In the literature, most of the in vitro models only recapitulate a tissue compartment, by providing fragmented results. Biotechnological advances may enable scientists to generate new in vitro models that combine easy manipulation and organ complexity. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of preclinical in vitro models in OA and outline how the different preclinical systems (inflammatory/biomechanical/microfluidic models) may be valid tools in regenerative medicine, describing their pros and cons. We then discuss the prospects of specific and combinatorial models to predict biological responses following regenerative approaches focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapies to reduce animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bartolotti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Livia Roseti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Mauro Petretta
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
- RegenHu Company, Z.I Du Vivier 22, 1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Giovanna Desando
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
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Xu BY, Jin Y, Ma XH, Wang CY, Guo Y, Zhou D. The potential role of mechanically sensitive ion channels in the physiology, injury, and repair of articular cartilage. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020950262. [PMID: 32840428 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020950262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical factors play an extremely important role in regulating the function of articular chondrocytes. Understanding the mechanical factors that drive chondrocyte biological responses is at the heart of our interpretation of cascade events leading to changes in articular cartilage osteoarthritis. The mechanism by which mechanical load is transduced into intracellular signals that can regulate chondrocyte gene expression remains largely unknown. The mechanically sensitive ion channel (MSC) may be one of its specific mechanisms. This review focuses on four ion channels involved in the mechanotransduction of chondrocytes, exploring their properties and the main factors that activate the associated pathways. The upstream and downstream potential relationships between the protein pathways were also explored. The specific biophysical mechanism of the chondrocyte mechanical microenvironment is becoming the focus of research. Elucidating the mechanotransduction mechanism of MSC is essential for the research of biophysical pathogenesis and targeted drugs in cartilage injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yang Xu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- School of Culture and Health Communication, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 1438University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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30
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Engineered human meniscus' matrix-forming phenotype is unaffected by low strain dynamic compression under hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248292. [PMID: 33690647 PMCID: PMC7946300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen and mechanical loading may play roles in regulating the fibrocartilaginous phenotype of the human inner meniscus, but their combination in engineered tissues remains unstudied. Here, we investigated how continuous low oxygen (“hypoxia”) combined with dynamic compression would affect the fibrocartilaginous “inner meniscus-like” matrix-forming phenotype of human meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) in a porous type I collagen scaffold. Freshly-seeded MFC scaffolds were cultured for 4 weeks in either 3 or 20% O2 or pre-cultured for 2 weeks in 3% O2 and then dynamically compressed for 2 weeks (10% strain, 1 Hz, 1 h/day, 5 days/week), all with or without TGF-β3 supplementation. TGF-β3 supplementation was found necessary to induce matrix formation by MFCs in the collagen scaffold regardless of oxygen tension and application of the dynamic compression loading regime. Neither hypoxia under static culture nor hypoxia combined with dynamic compression had significant effects on expression of specific protein and mRNA markers for the fibrocartilaginous matrix-forming phenotype. Mechanical properties significantly increased over the two-week loading period but were not different between static and dynamic-loaded tissues after the loading period. These findings indicate that 3% O2 applied immediately after scaffold seeding and dynamic compression to 10% strain do not affect the fibrocartilaginous matrix-forming phenotype of human MFCs in this type I collagen scaffold. It is possible that a delayed hypoxia treatment and an optimized pre-culture period and loading regime combination would have led to different outcomes.
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31
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Ji X, Ito A, Nakahata A, Nishitani K, Kuroki H, Aoyama T. Effects of in vivo cyclic compressive loading on the distribution of local Col2 and superficial lubricin in rat knee cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:543-552. [PMID: 32716572 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of an episode of in vivo cyclic loading on rat knee articular cartilage (AC) under medium-term observation, while also investigating relevant factors associated with the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Twelve-week-old Wistar rats underwent one episode comprising 60 cycles of 20 N or 50 N dynamic compression on the right knee joint. Spatiotemporal changes in the AC after loading were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after loading (n = 6 for each condition). Chondrocyte vitality was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after loading (n = 2 for each condition). A localized AC lesion on the lateral femoral condyle was confirmed in all subjects. The surface and intermediate cartilage in the affected area degenerated after loading, but the calcified cartilage remained intact. Expression of type II collagen in the lesion cartilage was upregulated after loading, whereas the superficial lubricin layer was eroded in response to cyclic compression. However, the distribution of superficial lubricin gradually recovered to the normal level 4 weeks after loading-induced injury. We confirmed that 60 repetitions of cyclic loading exceeding 20 N could result in cartilage damage in the rat knee. Endogenous repairs in well-structured joints work well to rebuild protective layers on the lesion cartilage surface, which may be the latent factor delaying the progression of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakahata
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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32
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Houtman E, van Hoolwerff M, Lakenberg N, Suchiman EHD, van der Linden-van der Zwaag E, Nelissen RGHH, Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. Human Osteochondral Explants: Reliable Biomimetic Models to Investigate Disease Mechanisms and Develop Personalized Treatments for Osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:499-515. [PMID: 33608843 PMCID: PMC7991015 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Likely due to ignored heterogeneity in disease pathophysiology, osteoarthritis (OA) has become the most common disabling joint disease, without effective disease-modifying treatment causing a large social and economic burden. In this study we set out to explore responses of aged human osteochondral explants upon different OA-related perturbing triggers (inflammation, hypertrophy and mechanical stress) for future tailored biomimetic human models. Methods Human osteochondral explants were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) or triiodothyronine (T3; 10 nM) or received 65% strains of mechanical stress (65% MS). Changes in chondrocyte signalling were determined by expression levels of nine genes involved in catabolism, anabolism and hypertrophy. Breakdown of cartilage was measured by sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) release, scoring histological changes (Mankin score) and mechanical properties of cartilage. Results All three perturbations (IL-1β, T3 and 65% MS) resulted in upregulation of the catabolic genes MMP13 and EPAS1. IL-1β abolished COL2A1 and ACAN gene expression and increased cartilage degeneration, reflected by increased Mankin scores and sGAGs released. Treatment with T3 resulted in a high and significant upregulation of the hypertrophic markers COL1A1, COL10A1 and ALPL. However, 65% MS increased sGAG release and detrimentally altered mechanical properties of cartilage. Conclusion We present consistent and specific output on three different triggers of OA. Perturbation with the pro-inflammatory IL-1β mainly induced catabolic chondrocyte signalling and cartilage breakdown, while T3 initiated expression of hypertrophic and mineralization markers. Mechanical stress at a strain of 65% induced catabolic chondrocyte signalling and changed cartilage matrix integrity. The major strength of our ex vivo models was that they considered aged, preserved, human cartilage of a heterogeneous OA patient population. As a result, the explants may reflect a reliable biomimetic model prone to OA onset allowing for development of different treatment modalities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40744-021-00287-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Houtman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella van Hoolwerff
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lakenberg
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eka H D Suchiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Carlson EL, Karuppagounder V, Pinamont WJ, Yoshioka NK, Ahmad A, Schott EM, Le Bleu HK, Zuscik MJ, Elbarbary RA, Kamal F. Paroxetine-mediated GRK2 inhibition is a disease-modifying treatment for osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/580/eaau8491. [PMID: 33568523 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, with no available disease-modifying therapy. OA is driven by pathological chondrocyte hypertrophy (CH), the cellular regulators of which are unknown. We have recently reported the therapeutic efficacy of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibition in other diseases by recovering protective G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. However, the role of GPCR-GRK2 pathway in OA is unknown. Thus, in a surgical OA mouse model, we performed genetic GRK2 deletion in chondrocytes or pharmacological inhibition with the repurposed U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antidepressant paroxetine. Both GRK2 deletion and inhibition prevented CH, abated OA progression, and promoted cartilage regeneration. Supporting experiments with cultured human OA cartilage confirmed the ability of paroxetine to mitigate CH and cartilage degradation. Our findings present elevated GRK2 signaling in chondrocytes as a driver of CH in OA and identify paroxetine as a disease-modifying drug for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah L Carlson
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - William J Pinamont
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Natalie K Yoshioka
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Zuscik
- Colorado Program for Skeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Reyad A Elbarbary
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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34
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Szojka AR, Marqueti RDC, Li DX, Molter CW, Liang Y, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Jomha NM, Adesida AB. Human engineered meniscus transcriptome after short-term combined hypoxia and dynamic compression. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731421990842. [PMID: 33613959 PMCID: PMC7874349 DOI: 10.1177/2041731421990842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the transcriptome response of meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) to the low oxygen and mechanical loading signals experienced in the knee joint using a model system. We hypothesized that short term exposure to the combined treatment would promote a matrix-forming phenotype supportive of inner meniscus tissue formation. Human MFCs on a collagen scaffold were stimulated to form fibrocartilage over 6 weeks under normoxic (NRX, 20% O2) conditions with supplemented TGF-β3. Tissues experienced a delayed 24h hypoxia treatment (HYP, 3% O2) and then 5 min of dynamic compression (DC) between 30 and 40% strain. Delayed HYP induced an anabolic and anti-catabolic expression profile for hyaline cartilage matrix markers, while DC induced an inflammatory matrix remodeling response along with upregulation of both SOX9 and COL1A1. There were 41 genes regulated by both HYP and DC. Overall, the combined treatment supported a unique gene expression profile favouring the hyaline cartilage aspect of inner meniscus matrix and matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ra Szojka
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - David Xinzheyang Li
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Clayton W Molter
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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35
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McDonough RC, Gilbert RM, Gleghorn JP, Price C. Targeted Gq-GPCR activation drives ER-dependent calcium oscillations in chondrocytes. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102363. [PMID: 33550208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of calcium signaling are critical regulators of chondrocyte homeostasis and chondrogenesis. Calcium oscillations regulate differentiation and anabolic processes in chondrocytes and their precursors. Attempts to control chondrocyte calcium signaling have been achieved through mechanical perturbations and synthetic ion channel modulators. However, such stimuli can lack both local and global specificity and precision when evoking calcium signals. Synthetic signaling platforms can more precisely and selectively activate calcium signaling, enabling improved dissection of the roles of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in chondrocyte behavior. One such platform is hM3Dq, a chemogenetic DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) that activates calcium signaling via the Gαq-PLCβ-IP3-ER pathway upon administration of clozapine N-oxide (CNO). We previously described the first-use of hM3Dq to precisely mediate targeted, synthetic calcium signals in chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells. Here, we generated stably expressing hM3Dq-ATDC5 cells to investigate the dynamics of Gαq-GPCR calcium signaling in depth. CNO drove robust calcium responses in a temperature- and concentration-dependent (1 pM-100 μM) manner and elicited elevated levels of oscillatory calcium signaling above 10 nM. hM3Dq-mediated calcium oscillations in ATDC5 cells were reliant on ER calcium stores for both initiation and sustenance, and the downregulation and recovery dynamics of hM3Dq after CNO stimulation align with traditionally reported GPCR recycling kinetics. This study successfully generated a stable hM3Dq cell line to precisely drive Gαq-GPCR-mediated and ER-dependent oscillatory calcium signaling in ATDC5 cells and established a novel tool to elucidate the role that GPCR-mediated calcium signaling plays in chondrocyte biology, cartilage pathology, and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, United States.
| | - Rachel M Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, United States.
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, United States.
| | - Christopher Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, United States.
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36
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Integrin α2β1 plays an important role in the interaction between human articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes and atelocollagen gel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1757. [PMID: 33469078 PMCID: PMC7815876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although atelocollagen gel is used as a scaffold for culturing human articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes, little is known about cell-gel interactions. In this study, we investigated the mechanism via which atelocollagen gel affects human articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes. Two types of three-dimensional cultures of human articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes (i.e., with and without atelocollagen gel) were compared. While the amount of atelocollagen gel in culture gradually decreased with time, it promoted the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during the early stages of culture. Genome-wide differential gene expression analysis revealed that cell membrane- and extracellular matrix-related genes were highly ranked among up- and down-regulated groups in cells cultured in the presence of atelocollagen gel. Among the integrin family of genes, the expression of integrin subunit alpha 2 and integrin subunit alpha 10 was significantly increased in the presence of atelocollagen gel. Blocking α2β1 integrin with the specific inhibitor BTT 3033 had a significant effect on cell proliferation, MMP expression, and cell shape, as well as on the response to mechanical stimulation. Taken together, our findings indicate that the α2β1 integrin pathway plays an important role in the interaction of atelocollagen gel with human articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes and may be a potential therapeutic target for articular cartilage disorders.
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37
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Fang XZ, Zhou T, Xu JQ, Wang YX, Sun MM, He YJ, Pan SW, Xiong W, Peng ZK, Gao XH, Shang Y. Structure, kinetic properties and biological function of mechanosensitive Piezo channels. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:13. [PMID: 33422128 PMCID: PMC7796548 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction couples mechanical stimulation with ion flux, which is critical for normal biological processes involved in neuronal cell development, pain sensation, and red blood cell volume regulation. Although they are key mechanotransducers, mechanosensitive ion channels in mammals have remained difficult to identify. In 2010, Coste and colleagues revealed a novel family of mechanically activated cation channels in eukaryotes, consisting of Piezo1 and Piezo2 channels. These have been proposed as the long-sought-after mechanosensitive cation channels in mammals. Piezo1 and Piezo2 exhibit a unique propeller-shaped architecture and have been implicated in mechanotransduction in various critical processes, including touch sensation, balance, and cardiovascular regulation. Furthermore, several mutations in Piezo channels have been shown to cause multiple hereditary human disorders, such as autosomal recessive congenital lymphatic dysplasia. Notably, mutations that cause dehydrated hereditary xerocytosis alter the rate of Piezo channel inactivation, indicating the critical role of their kinetics in normal physiology. Given the importance of Piezo channels in understanding the mechanotransduction process, this review focuses on their structural details, kinetic properties and potential function as mechanosensors. We also briefly review the hereditary diseases caused by mutations in Piezo genes, which is key for understanding the function of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Qian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Jun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shang-Wen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Kang Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Hui Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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38
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Santos S, Richard K, Fisher MC, Dealy CN, Pierce DM. Chondrocytes respond both anabolically and catabolically to impact loading generally considered non-injurious. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104252. [PMID: 33385951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the longitudinal effects of low-energy (generally considered non-injurious) impact loading on (1) chondrocyte proliferation, (2) chondroprogenitor cell activity, and (3) EGFR signaling. In an in vitro study, we assessed 127 full-thickness, cylindrical osteochondral plugs of bovine cartilage undergoing either single, uniaxial unconfined impact loads with energy densities in the range of 1.5-3.2mJ/mm3 or no impact (controls). We quantified cell responses at two, 24, 48, and 72 h via immunohistochemical labeling of Ki67, Sox9, and pEGFR antibodies. We compared strain, stress, and impact energy density as predictors for mechanotransductive responses from cells, and fit significant correlations using linear regressions. Our study demonstrates that low-energy mechanical impacts (1.5-3.2mJ/mm3) generally stimulate time-dependent anabolic responses in the superficial zone of articular cartilage and catabolic responses in the middle and deep zones. We also found that impact energy density is the most consistent predictor of cell responses to low-energy impact loading. These spatial and temporal changes in chondrocyte behavior result directly from low-energy mechanical impacts, revealing a new level of mechanotransductive sensitivity in chondrocytes not previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Santos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Richard
- Department of Global Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Melanie C Fisher
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Services, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Caroline N Dealy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Services, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - David M Pierce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America.
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39
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Biointerface Materials for Cellular Adhesion: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ACTUATORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/act9040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While many natural instances of adhesion between cells and biological macromolecules have been elucidated, understanding how to mimic these adhesion events remains to be a challenge. Discovering new biointerface materials that can provide an appropriate environment, and in some cases, also providing function similar to the body’s own extracellular matrix, would be highly beneficial to multiple existing applications in biomedical and biological engineering, and provide the necessary insight for the advancement of new technology. Such examples of current applications that would benefit include biosensors, high-throughput screening and tissue engineering. From a mechanical perspective, these biointerfaces would function as bioactuators that apply focal adhesion points onto cells, allowing them to move and migrate along a surface, making biointerfaces a very relevant application in the field of actuators. While it is evident that great strides in progress have been made in the area of synthetic biointerfaces, we must also acknowledge their current limitations as described in the literature, leading to an inability to completely function and dynamically respond like natural biointerfaces. In this review, we discuss the methods, materials and, possible applications of biointerface materials used in the current literature, and the trends for future research in this area.
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Eldridge SE, Barawi A, Wang H, Roelofs AJ, Kaneva M, Guan Z, Lydon H, Thomas BL, Thorup AS, Fernandez BF, Caxaria S, Strachan D, Ali A, Shanmuganathan K, Pitzalis C, Whiteford JR, Henson F, McCaskie AW, De Bari C, Dell'Accio F. Agrin induces long-term osteochondral regeneration by supporting repair morphogenesis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/559/eaax9086. [PMID: 32878982 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage loss leads to osteoarthritis, the most common cause of disability for which there is no cure. Cartilage regeneration, therefore, is a priority in medicine. We report that agrin is a potent chondrogenic factor and that a single intraarticular administration of agrin induced long-lasting regeneration of critical-size osteochondral defects in mice, with restoration of tissue architecture and bone-cartilage interface. Agrin attracted joint resident progenitor cells to the site of injury and, through simultaneous activation of CREB and suppression of canonical WNT signaling downstream of β-catenin, induced expression of the chondrogenic stem cell marker GDF5 and differentiation into stable articular chondrocytes, forming stable articular cartilage. In sheep, an agrin-containing collagen gel resulted in long-lasting regeneration of bone and cartilage, which promoted increased ambulatory activity. Our findings support the therapeutic use of agrin for joint surface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Eldridge
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Aida Barawi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Magdalena Kaneva
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Helen Lydon
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Bethan L Thomas
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Thorup
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Beatriz F Fernandez
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sara Caxaria
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Danielle Strachan
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kanatheepan Shanmuganathan
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - James R Whiteford
- Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Frances Henson
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrew W McCaskie
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Ishibashi K, Sasaki E, Ota S, Chiba D, Yamamoto Y, Tsuda E, Yoshikuni S, Ihara K, Ishibashi Y. Detection of synovitis in early knee osteoarthritis by MRI and serum biomarkers in Japanese general population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12310. [PMID: 32704147 PMCID: PMC7378056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate synovitis' influence on early knee osteoarthritis (EKOA) by serum biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in Japanese women. We enrolled 255 women aged 30-70 without radiographic abnormalities (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2). Knee injury, OA outcome scores (KOOS), clinical examinations, and standing radiograph were used for classification criteria of EKOA. Participants were classified into normal knee group and EKOA group. All participants underwent MRIs of their right knee. The amount of effusion-synovitis volume was quantified. We compared serum matrix metalloproteinases-3 levels (MMP-3), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and adiponectin between the groups. The relationship between synovitis and EOKA was investigated using multiple linear regression. Fifty-four participants (21%) were classified as EKOA. Serum MMP-3 concentration and effusion-synovitis volume were higher in patients with EKOA (p = 0.025 and p = 0.001, respectively). Effusion-synovitis volume negatively correlated with all KOOS subscales and positively correlated with serum MMP-3 concentration. Serum MMP-3 concentration was associated with effusion-synovitis volume β = 0.60, p < 0.001). There was mildly active but definitive synovitis in EKOA. This was an observational study so that no conclusions can be drawn regarding cause-effect for synovitis and symptoms. Future studies should conduct follow-up of participants with synovitis to assess the progression of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Eiji Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Seiya Ota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tsuda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sugimura Yoshikuni
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
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Acquired contractile ability in human endometrial stromal cells by passive loading of cyclic tensile stretch. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9014. [PMID: 32488068 PMCID: PMC7265371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterus plays an important and unique role during pregnancy and is a dynamic organ subjected to mechanical stimuli. It has been reported that infertility occurs when the peristalsis is prevented, although its mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that mechanical strain mimicking the peristaltic motion of the uterine smooth muscle layer enabled the endometrial stromal cells to acquire contractility. In order to mimic the peristalsis induced by uterine smooth muscle cells, cyclic tensile stretch was applied to human endometrial stromal cells. The results showed that the strained cells exerted greater contractility in three-dimensional collagen gels in the presence of oxytocin, due to up-regulated alpha-smooth muscle actin expression via the cAMP signaling pathway. These in vitro findings underscore the plasticity of the endometrial stromal cell phenotype and suggest the possibility of acquired contractility by these cells in vivo and its potential contribution to uterine contractile activity. This phenomenon may be a typical example of how a tissue passively acquires new contractile functions under mechanical stimulation from a neighboring tissue, enabling it to support the adjacent tissue’s functions.
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Graham BT, Moore AC, Burris DL, Price C. Detrimental effects of long sedentary bouts on the biomechanical response of cartilage to sliding. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:375-388. [PMID: 31910694 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1673382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Epidemiological evidence suggests, contrary to popular mythos, that increased exercise/joint activity does not place articular cartilage at increased risk of disease, but instead promotes joint health. One explanation for this might be activity-induced cartilage rehydration; where joint articulation drives restoration of tissue hydration, thickness, and dependent tribomechanical outcomes (e.g., load support, stiffness, and lubricity) lost to joint loading. However, there have been no studies investigating how patterning of intermittent articulation influences the hydration and biomechanical functions of cartilage.Materials and Methods: Here we leveraged the convergent stationary contact area (cSCA) testing configuration and its unique ability to drive tribological rehydration, to elucidate how intermittency of activity affects the biomechanical functions of bovine stifle cartilage under well-controlled sliding conditions that have been designed to model a typical "day" of human joint activity.Results: For a fixed volume of "daily" activity (30 min) and sedentary time (60 min), breaking up intermittent activity into longer and less-frequent bouts (corresponding to longer continuous sedentary periods) resulted in the exposure of articular cartilage to markedly greater strains, losses of interstitial pressure, and friction coefficients.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the regularity of ex vivo activity regimens, specifically the duration of sedentary bouts, had a dominant effect on the biomechanical functions of articular cartilage. In more practical terms, the results suggest that brief but regular movement patterns (e.g., every hour) may be biomechanically preferred to long and infrequent movement patterns (e.g., a long walk after a sedentary day) when controlling for daily activity volume (e.g., 30 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Graham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Axel C Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - David L Burris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Christopher Price
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Hirose N, Okamoto Y, Yanoshita M, Asakawa Y, Sumi C, Takano M, Nishiyama S, Su SC, Mitsuyoshi T, Kunimatsu R, Tanne K, Tanimoto K. Protective effects of cilengitide on inflammation in chondrocytes under excessive mechanical stress. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:966-974. [PMID: 31876323 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes constantly receive external stimuli, which regulates remodeling. An optimal level of mechanical stress is essential for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis, however, excessive mechanical stress induces inflammatory cytokines and protease, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, excessive mechanical stress is considered to be one of the main causes to cartilage destruction leading to osteoarthritis (OA). Integrins are well-known as cell adhesion molecules and act as receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM), and are believed to control intracellular signaling pathways both physically and chemically as a mechanoreceptor. However, few studies have focused on the roles and functions of integrins in inflammation caused by excessive mechanical stress. In this study, we examined the relationship between integrins (αVβ3 and αVβ5) and the expression of inflammatory factors under mechanical loading in chondrocytes by using an integrin receptor antagonist (cilengitide). Cilengitide suppressed the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and MMP-13 induced by excessive mechanical stress. In addition, the protein expression of IL1-β and MMP-13 was also inhibited by the addition of cilengitide. Next, we investigated the involvement of intracellular signaling pathways in stress-induced integrin signaling in chondrocytes by using western blotting. The levels of p-FAK, p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 were enhanced by excessive mechanical stress and the enhancement was suppressed by treatment with cilengitide. In conclusion, this study revealed that excessive mechanical stress may activate integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5 on the surface of chondrocytes and thereby induce an inflammatory reaction by upregulating the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-3, and MMP-13 through phosphorylation of FAK and MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Yuki Okamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yanoshita
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Asakawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Chikako Sumi
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mami Takano
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nishiyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Shao-Ching Su
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Tomomi Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
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Connizzo BK, Piet JM, Shefelbine SJ, Grodzinsky AJ. Age-associated changes in the response of tendon explants to stress deprivation is sex-dependent. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:48-62. [PMID: 31411079 PMCID: PMC6884684 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1648444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: The incidence of tendon injuries increases dramatically with age, which presents a major clinical burden. While previous studies have sought to identify age-related changes in extracellular matrix structure and function, few have been able to explain fully why aged tissues are more prone to degeneration and injury. In addition, recent studies have also demonstrated that age-related processes in humans may be sex-dependent, which could be responsible for muddled conclusions in changes with age. In this study, we investigate short-term responses through an ex vivo explant culture model of stress deprivation that specifically questions how age and sex differentially affect the ability of tendons to respond to altered mechanical stimulus.Materials and Methods: We subjected murine flexor explants from young (4 months of age) and aged (22-24 months of age) male and female mice to stress-deprived culture conditions for up to 1 week and investigated changes in viability, cell metabolism and proliferation, matrix biosynthesis and composition, gene expression, and inflammatory responses throughout the culture period.Results and Conclusions: We found that aging did have a significant influence on the response to stress deprivation, demonstrating that aged explants have a less robust response overall with reduced metabolic activity, viability, proliferation, and biosynthesis. However, age-related changes appeared to be sex-dependent. Together, this work demonstrates that the aging process and the subsequent effect of age on the ability of tendons to respond to stress-deprivation are inherently different based on sex, where male explants favor increased activity, apoptosis, and matrix remodeling while female explants favor reduced activity and tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Correspondence: Brianne K. Connizzo, 70 Massachusetts Avenue, NE47-377, Cambridge, MA 02139, T: 617-253-2469,
| | - Judith M. Piet
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sandra J. Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Meloni GR, Farran A, Mohanraj B, Guehring H, Cocca R, Rabut E, Mauck RL, Dodge GR. Recombinant human FGF18 preserves depth-dependent mechanical inhomogeneity in articular cartilage. Eur Cell Mater 2019; 38:23-34. [PMID: 31393594 PMCID: PMC7273689 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v038a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a specialised tissue that has a relatively homogenous endogenous cell population but a diverse extracellular matrix (ECM), with depth-dependent mechanical properties. Repair of this tissue remains an elusive clinical goal, with biological interventions preferred to arthroplasty in younger patients. Osteochondral transplantation (OCT) has emerged for the treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. Fresh allografts stored at 4 °C have been utilised, though matrix and cell viability loss remains an issue. To address this, several studies have developed media formulations to maintain cartilage explants in vitro. One promising factor for these applications is sprifermin, a human-recombinant fibroblast growth factor-18, which stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis and is in clinical trials for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The study hypothesis was that addition of sprifermin during storage would maintain the unique depth-dependent mechanical profile of articular cartilage explants, a feature not often evaluated. Explants were maintained for up to 6 weeks with or without a weekly 24 h exposure to sprifermin (100 ng/mL) and the compressive modulus was assessed. Results showed that sprifermin-treated samples maintained their depth-dependent mechanical profile through 3 weeks, whereas untreated samples lost their mechanical integrity over 1 week of culture. Sprifermin also affected ECM balance by maintaining the levels of extracellular collagen and suppressing matrix metalloproteinase production. These findings support the use of sprifermin as a medium additive for OCT allografts during in vitro storage and present a potential mechanism where sprifermin may impact a functional characteristic of articular cartilage in repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Meloni
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Farran
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bhavana Mohanraj
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ryan Cocca
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emilie Rabut
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George R. Dodge
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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McDonough RC, Shoga JS, Price C. DREADD-based synthetic control of chondrocyte calcium signaling in vitro. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1518-1529. [PMID: 30908734 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a critical second messenger involved in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Several distinct calcium signaling mechanisms implicated in chondrocyte mechanotransduction have been identified using mechanical perturbations or soluble signaling factors. However, these commonly used stimuli can lack specificity in the mechanisms by which they initiate calcium signaling. Synthetic tools allowing for more precise and selective regulation of calcium signaling, such as the engineered G-protein-coupled receptors known as DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs), may better assist in isolating the roles of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ) and cell activation in chondrocyte biology. One DREADD, hM3Dq, is solely activated by clozapine N-oxide (CNO) and regulates calcium activation through the Gq -PLCβ-IP3 -ER pathway. Here, hM3Dq-transfected ATDC5 cells were treated with CNO (100 nM-1 μM) to establish the feasibility of using Gq -DREADDs to drive [Ca2+ ]i activation in chondrocyte-like cells. CNO administration resulted in a coordinated, dose-dependent, and transient calcium response in hM3Dq-transfected cells that resulted primarily from calcium release from the ER. Following activation via CNO administration, hM3Dq-ATDC5 cells exhibited refractory behavior and required a 4-h wash-out period to recover hM3Dq-mediated signaling. However, hM3Dq inactivation did not inhibit alternative calcium activation mechanisms in ATDC5 cells (via GSK101 or hypo-osmotic shock), nor did CNO-driven calcium signaling negatively impact ATDC5 cell health. This study established the successful use of hM3Dq for the safe, targeted, and well-controlled activation of calcium signaling in ATDC5 cells and its use as a potential tool for assessing clinically significant questions regarding calcium signaling in chondrocyte biology, cartilage pathology, and cartilage tissue engineering. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1518-1529, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, 19716, DE
| | - Janty S Shoga
- Department of Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Christopher Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, 19716, DE.,Department of Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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48
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Szentléleky E, Szegeczki V, Karanyicz E, Hajdú T, Tamás A, Tóth G, Zákány R, Reglődi D, Juhász T. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Reduces Oxidative and Mechanical Stress-Evoked Matrix Degradation in Chondrifying Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010168. [PMID: 30621194 PMCID: PMC6337298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous neuropeptide also secreted by non-neural cells, including chondrocytes. PACAP signaling is involved in the regulation of chondrogenesis, but little is known about its connection to matrix turnover during cartilage formation and under cellular stress in developing cartilage. We found that the expression and activity of hyaluronidases (Hyals), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and aggrecanase were permanent during the course of chondrogenesis in primary chicken micromass cell cultures, although protein levels changed daily, along with moderate and relatively constant enzymatic activity. Next, we investigated whether PACAP influences matrix destructing enzyme activity during oxidative and mechanical stress in chondrogenic cells. Exogenous PACAP lowered Hyals and aggrecanase expression and activity during cellular stress. Expression and activation of the majority of cartilage matrix specific MMPs such as MMP1, MMP7, MMP8, and MMP13, were also decreased by PACAP addition upon oxidative and mechanical stress, while the activity of MMP9 seemed not to be influenced by the neuropeptide. These results suggest that application of PACAP can help to preserve the integrity of the newly synthetized cartilage matrix via signaling mechanisms, which ultimately inhibit the activity of matrix destroying enzymes under cellular stress. It implies the prospect that application of PACAP can ameliorate articular cartilage destruction in joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szentléleky
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Vince Szegeczki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Edina Karanyicz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Hajdú
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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McCulloch RS, Mente PL, O’Nan AT, Ashwell MS. Articular cartilage gene expression patterns in the tissue surrounding the impact site following applications of shear and axial loads. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:449. [PMID: 30579353 PMCID: PMC6303924 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a degradative joint disease found in humans and commercial swine which can develop from a number of factors, including prior joint trauma. An impact injury model was developed to deliver in vitro loads to disease-free porcine patellae in a model of OA. METHODS Axial impactions (2000 N normal) and shear impactions (500 N normal with induced shear forces) were delivered to 48 randomly assigned patellae. The patellae were then cultured for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days following the impact. Specimens in the tissue surrounding the loading site were harvested and expression of 18 OA related genes was studied via quantitative PCR. The selected genes were previously identified from published work and fell into four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. RESULTS Type II collagen (Col2a1) showed significantly lower expression in shear vs. axial adjacent tissue at day 0 and 7 (fold changes of 0.40 & 0.19, respectively). In addition, higher expression of degradative enzymes and Fas, an apoptosis gene, was observed in the shear specimens. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a more physiologically valid shear load may induce more damage to surrounding articular cartilage than a normal load alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. McCulloch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258 USA
| | - P. L. Mente
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - A. T. O’Nan
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - M. S. Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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50
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Connizzo BK, Grodzinsky AJ. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from muscle and bone causes tenocyte death in a novel rotator cuff in vitro explant culture model. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:423-436. [PMID: 29447021 PMCID: PMC6240787 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tendinopathy is a significant clinical problem thought to be associated with altered mechanical loading. Explant culture models allow researchers to alter mechanical loading in a controlled in vitro environment while maintaining tenocytes in their native matrix. However, current models do not accurately represent commonly injured tendons, ignoring contributions of associated musculature and bone, as well as regional collagen structure. This study details the characterization of amouse rotator cuff explant culture model, including bone, tendon, and muscle (BTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Following harvest, BTM explants were maintained in stress-deprived culture for one week and tendon was then assessed for changes in cell viability, metabolism, matrix structure and content. RESULTS Matrix turnover occurred throughout culture as manifested in both gene expression and biosynthesis, but this did not translate to net changes in total collagen or sulfated glycosaminoglycan content. Furthermore, tendon structure was not significantly altered throughout culture. However, we found significant cell death in BTM tendons after 3 days in culture, which we hypothesize is cytokine-induced. Using a targeted multiplex assay, we found high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released to the culture medium from muscle and bone, levels that did cause cell deathin tendon-alone controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this model presents an innovative approach to understandingrotator cuff injury and tenocyte mechanobiology in a clinically-relevant tendon structure. Our model can be a powerful tool to investigate how mechanical and biological stimuli can alter normal tendon health and lead to tendon degeneration, and may provide a testbed for therapeutics for tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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