1
|
Gan L, Hu C, Deng Z, Lu H, Sun J, Peng G, Jiang J, Zeng L, Deng J. Rs1982809 is a functional biomarker for the prognosis of severe post-traumatic sepsis and MODs. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1438-1445. [PMID: 31594403 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219880490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BTLA is a useful biomarker to characterize the immune states of sepsis patients. We investigated the association between genetic variations of BTLA and morbidity of sepsis and MODS in severe traumatic patient. Three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of BTLA were genotyped in 562 severe trauma patients. To further elucidate the mechanism, mRNA stability, BTLA 3ʹ-UTR activity, and its expression on T lymphocytes were measured. Only rs1982809 which located in 3ʹ-UTR of BTLA showed a significant clinical relevance with the incidence rate of sepsis and MOD scores. The sepsis incidence and MOD score of rs1982809 CC genotype carriers were higher than TT carriers. The percentage of circulating BTLA + CD4 + CD3 + T lymphocytes was markedly lower in CC genotype carriers. Luciferase activity in plasmids containing C allele was lower than that of T allele. Thus, the differential expression of BTLA on T lymphocytes might be caused by the different 3ʹ-UTR activity induced by rs1982809 T/C. Therefore, rs1982809 is a useful clinical biomarker in the prognosis evaluating of sepsis and subsequent MODS. Moreover, it is also a functional single nucleotide polymorphism affecting the activity of BTLA 3ʹ-UTR and the expression of BTLA in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Impact statement This work is useful in the field of genetic mechanism of severe post-traumatic complications, as it provides important evidence for the influence of BTLA gene polymorphism on sepsis and MODS susceptibility. The results are useful and of importance because rs1982809 is a useful clinical biomarker in the prognosis evaluating of sepsis and subsequent MODS. It is also a functional single nucleotide polymorphism affecting the activity of BTLA 3ʹ-UTR and the expression of BTLA in peripheral blood T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lebin Gan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.,Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Chen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hongxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.,Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Guoxuan Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.,Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.,Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MicroRNA interactome analysis predicts post-transcriptional regulation of ADRB2 and PPP3R1 in the hypercholesterolemic myocardium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10134. [PMID: 29973623 PMCID: PMC6031673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanism including microRNAs (miRNA) in hypercholesterolemia-induced cardiac dysfunction. We aimed to explore novel hypercholesterolemia-induced pathway alterations in the heart by an unbiased approach based on miRNA omics, target prediction and validation. With miRNA microarray we identified forty-seven upregulated and ten downregulated miRNAs in hypercholesterolemic rat hearts compared to the normocholesterolemic group. Eleven mRNAs with at least 4 interacting upregulated miRNAs were selected by a network theoretical approach, out of which 3 mRNAs (beta-2 adrenergic receptor [Adrb2], calcineurin B type 1 [Ppp3r1] and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase [Cask]) were validated with qRT-PCR and Western blot. In hypercholesterolemic hearts, the expression of Adrb2 mRNA was significantly decreased. ADRB2 and PPP3R1 protein were significantly downregulated in hypercholesterolemic hearts. The direct interaction of Adrb2 with upregulated miRNAs was demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the majority of the predicted mRNA changes may contribute to the hypercholesterolemia-induced cardiac dysfunction. In summary, the present unbiased target prediction approach based on global cardiac miRNA expression profiling revealed for the first time in the literature that both the mRNA and protein product of Adrb2 and PPP3R1 protein are decreased in the hypercholesterolemic heart.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hwang CK, Wagley Y, Law PY, Wei LN, Loh HH. Phosphorylation of poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) contributes to stabilization of mu opioid receptor (MOR) mRNA via interaction with AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1) and poly A binding protein (PABP). Gene 2016; 598:113-130. [PMID: 27836661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level is frequently based on cis- and trans-acting factors on target mRNAs. We found a C-rich element (CRE) in mu-opioid receptor (MOR) 3'-untranslated region (UTR) to which poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) binds, resulting in MOR mRNA stabilization. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA EMSA revealed the formation of PCBP1-RNA complexes at the element. Knockdown of PCBP1 decreased MOR mRNA half-life and protein expression. Stimulation by forskolin increased cytoplasmic localization of PCBP1 and PCBP1/MOR 3'-UTR interactions via increased serine phosphorylation that was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) or (phosphatidyl inositol-3) PI3-kinase inhibitors. The forskolin treatment also enhanced serine- and tyrosine-phosphorylation of AU-rich element binding protein (AUF1), concurrent with its increased binding to the CRE, and led to an increased interaction of poly A binding protein (PABP) with the CRE and poly(A) sites. AUF1 phosphorylation also led to an increased interaction with PCBP1. These findings suggest that a single co-regulator, PCBP1, plays a crucial role in stabilizing MOR mRNA, and is induced by PKA signaling by conforming to AUF1 and PABP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Kyu Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Regulatory mechanism of G protein-coupled receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane: a role for mRNA localization. Methods Enzymol 2013. [PMID: 23351737 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391862-8.00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Trafficking and localization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the plasma membrane and its retention in the agonist-naive state are critically important for signaling by these receptors. Agonist-induced desensitization of activated GPCRs and their removal from the cell surface have been studied and reviewed extensively. However, less attention has been given to the regulatory mechanisms and different steps that control the trafficking of newly synthesized receptors to the plasma membrane. It is generally believed that the mRNAs encoding GPCRs are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum by a cotranslational, signal-sequence recognition particle-dependent pathway that results in protein translation and translocation to the plasma membrane. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of cis-targeting elements and trans-recognition factors in GPCR mRNA translational silencing, trafficking, and localization within the cell and its importance in receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane. Knockdown of the critical trans-recognition factors (RNA-binding proteins) resulted in translation of GPCR mRNAs in the perinuclear region and the receptors failed to traffic to the plasma membrane. Thus, a new paradigm is emerging in GPCR trafficking that suggests a fundamental role for mRNA partitioning to specific cytoplasmic regions for efficient plasma membrane localization of the receptors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ambrose HJ, Lawrance RM, Cresswell CJ, Goldman M, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER. Effect of β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) 3' untranslated region polymorphisms on inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist response. Respir Res 2012; 13:37. [PMID: 22559839 PMCID: PMC3441247 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that variation in the length of the poly-C repeat in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) may contribute to interindividual variation in β-agonist response. However, methodology in previous studies limited the assessment of the effect of sequence variation in the context of poly-C repeat length. The objectives of this study were to design a novel genotyping method to fully characterize sequence variation in the ADRB2 3′UTR poly-C repeat in asthma patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist (ICS/LABA) combination therapy, and to analyze the effect of the poly-C repeat polymorphism on clinical response. Methods In 2,250 asthma patients randomized to treatment with budesonide/formoterol or fluticasone/salmeterol in a six-month study (AstraZeneca study code: SD-039-0735), sequence diversity in the ADRB2 poly-C repeat region was determined using a novel sequencing-based genotyping method. The relationship between the poly-C repeat polymorphism and the incidence of severe asthma exacerbations, and changes in pulmonary function and asthma symptoms from baseline to the average during the treatment period, were analyzed. Results Poly-C repeat genotypes were assigned in 97% (2,192/2,250) of patients. Of the 13 different poly-C repeat alleles identified, six alleles occurred at a frequency of >5% in one or more population in this study. The repeat length of these six common alleles ranged from 10 to 14 nucleotides. Twelve poly-C repeat genotypes were observed at a frequency of >1%. No evidence of an association between poly-C repeat genotype and the incidence of severe asthma exacerbations was observed. Patients’ pulmonary function measurements improved and asthma symptoms declined when treated with ICS/LABA combination therapy regardless of poly-C repeat genotype. Conclusions The extensive sequence diversity present in the poly-C repeat region of the ADRB2 3′UTR did not predict therapeutic response to ICS/LABA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Ambrose
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Increased expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2012; 315:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
7
|
Dunkelberger J, Zhou L, Miwa T, Song WC. C5aR expression in a novel GFP reporter gene knockin mouse: implications for the mechanism of action of C5aR signaling in T cell immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4032-42. [PMID: 22430734 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
C5aR is a G protein-coupled receptor for the anaphylatoxin C5a and mediates many proinflammatory reactions. C5aR signaling also has been shown to regulate T cell immunity, but its sites and mechanism of action in this process remain uncertain. In this study, we created a GFP knockin mouse and used GFP as a surrogate marker to examine C5aR expression. GFP was knocked into the 3'-untranslated region of C5ar1 by gene targeting. We show that GFP is expressed highly on Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) cells in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow and moderately on CD11b(+)F4/80(+) circulating leukocytes and elicited peritoneal macrophages. No GFP is detected on resting or activated T lymphocytes or on splenic myeloid or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In contrast, 5-25% cultured bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed GFP. Interestingly, GFP knockin prevented cell surface but not intracellular C5aR expression. We conclude that C5aR is unlikely to play an intrinsic role on murine T cells and primary dendritic cells. Instead, its effect on T cell immunity in vivo may involve CD11b(+)F4/80(+) or other C5aR-expressing leukocytes. Further, our data reveal a surprising role for the 3'-untranslated region of C5aR mRNA in regulating C5aR protein targeting to the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dunkelberger
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Selivanova PA, Kulikov ES, Kozina OV, Trofimenko IN, Freidin MB, Chernyak BA, Ogorodova LM. Differential expression of the β2-adrenoreceptor and M3-cholinoreceptor genes in bronchial mucosa of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 108:39-43. [PMID: 22192964 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchodilators are drugs of choice in the combined therapy of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the therapeutic sensitivity is variable between patients, probably because of structural features of regulating molecules or variation in key genes' expression. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the β2-adrenoceptor (ADRB2) and M3-cholinoreceptor (CHRM3) gene expression in bronchial mucosa in patients with COPD and different severity of asthma. METHODS Biopsy specimens of right middle lobar bronchus were obtained from 59 asthma patients (10 patients with severe brittle phenotype, 14 patients with severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation, 27 patients with moderate asthma, and 8 patients with mild asthma) and 10 COPD patients with or without bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for the ADRB2 and CHRM3 genes in bronchial mucosa were revealed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared between groups. RESULTS An increase of the ADRB2 genes expression was demonstrated in patients with severe asthma and COPD as compared with patients with mild and moderate disease. Significantly higher levels of ADRB2 mRNA were observed in patients with severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation. Significantly lower levels of the CHRM3 mRNA were observed in patients with COPD as compared with asthma patients. Also, CHRM3 gene expression was significantly elevated in COPD patients with BHR as compared with patients without BHR. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study suggest that the differential expression of the ADRB2 and CHRM3 genes is associated with asthma and COPD clinical subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga V Kozina
- Regional Centre of AIDS and infectious diseases prevention, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina N Trofimenko
- Irkutsk State Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A Chernyak
- Irkutsk State Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang G, Hickford JG, Zhou H, Fang Q, Forrest RH. Extended Haplotype Analysis of Ovine ADRB3 Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism on Two Regions of the Gene. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:445-8. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Jon G.H. Hickford
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Huitong Zhou
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Qian Fang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rachel H. Forrest
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Subramaniam K, Kandasamy K, Joseph K, Spicer EK, Tholanikunnel BG. The 3'-untranslated region length and AU-rich RNA location modulate RNA-protein interaction and translational control of β2-adrenergic receptor mRNA. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 352:125-41. [PMID: 21369731 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional controls play a major role in β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)-AR) expression. We recently reported that β(2)-AR mRNA translation is suppressed by elements in its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). We also identified T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-related protein (TIAR) and HuR as prominent AU-rich (ARE) RNA-binding proteins that associate with β(2)-AR mRNA 3'-UTR. In this study, we identified a poly(U) region at the distal end of the 3'-UTR as critical for TIAR binding to β(2)-AR mRNA and for translational suppression. Here, we also report that the locations of the poly(U) and ARE sequences within the 3'-UTR are important determinants that control the translation of β(2)-AR mRNA. Consistent with this finding, a 20-nucleotide ARE RNA from the proximal 3'-UTR that did not inhibit mRNA translation in its native position was able to suppress translation when re-located to the distal 3'-UTR of the receptor mRNA. Immunoprecipitation and polysome profile analysis demonstrated the importance of 3'-UTR length and the ARE RNA location within the 3'-UTR, as key determinants of RNA/protein interactions and translational control of β(2)-AR mRNA. Further, the importance of 3'-UTR length and ARE location in TIAR and HuR association with mRNA and translational suppression was demonstrated using a chimeric luciferase reporter gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kothandharaman Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Genetic association of TLR4/11367 polymorphism with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in a Han Chinese population. Brain Res 2011; 1381:202-7. [PMID: 21236243 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid beta-protein (A-β) deposits in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are closely associated with innate immune responses that were assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is thought to contribute to Aβ clearance. Studies have reported the presence and functional significance of the TLR4/11367 polymorphism in a Han Chinese population. To evaluate the involvement of the TLR4/11367 polymorphism in the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), we performed a case-control study to analyze the genotype and allele distributions of the TLR4/11367 polymorphism in a Han Chinese population (137 LOAD cases and 137 healthy controls). There were significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between LOAD cases and controls (genotype P<0.001, allele P<0.001). After stratification by APOE ε4-carrying status, the C allele of the TLR4/11367 polymorphism was still significantly associated with LOAD in APOE ε4 non-carriers (OR=5.77, 95% CI=3.03-11.00, P<0.001) and carriers (OR=2.03, 95% CI=1.03-3.98, P=0.04). In addition, a logistic regression analysis also conferred positive association between TLR4/11367C and LOAD (dominant model: ORa=3.08, 95% CI=1.60-5.93, P=0.001; recessive model: ORa=8.79, 95% CI=3.31-23.36, P<0.001; additive model: ORa=2.75, 95% CI=1.73-4.37, P<0.001) after adjustment for age, gender, and the APOE ε4 carrier status. This study gives the first evidence that the TLR4/11367 polymorphism was associated with LOAD in a Han Chinese population.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tholanikunnel BG, Joseph K, Kandasamy K, Baldys A, Raymond JR, Luttrell LM, McDermott PJ, Fernandes DJ. Novel mechanisms in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:33816-25. [PMID: 20739277 PMCID: PMC2962481 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β(2)-adrenergic receptors (β(2)-AR) are low abundance, integral membrane proteins that mediate the effects of catecholamines at the cell surface. Whereas the processes governing desensitization of activated β(2)-ARs and their subsequent removal from the cell surface have been characterized in considerable detail, little is known about the mechanisms controlling trafficking of neo-synthesized receptors to the cell surface. Since the discovery of the signal peptide, the targeting of the integral membrane proteins to plasma membrane has been thought to be determined by structural features of the amino acid sequence alone. Here we report that localization of translationally silenced β(2)-AR mRNA to the peripheral cytoplasmic regions is critical for receptor localization to the plasma membrane. β(2)-AR mRNA is recognized by the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling RNA-binding protein HuR, which silences translational initiation while chaperoning the mRNA-protein complex to the cell periphery. When HuR expression is down-regulated, β(2)-AR mRNA translation is initiated prematurely in perinuclear polyribosomes, leading to overproduction of receptors but defective trafficking to the plasma membrane. Our results underscore the importance of the spatiotemporal relationship between β(2)-AR mRNA localization, translation, and trafficking to the plasma membrane, and establish a novel mechanism whereby G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) responsiveness is regulated by RNA-based signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baby G Tholanikunnel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Subramaniam K, Ooi LLPJ, Hui KM. Transcriptional down-regulation of IGFBP-3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells is mediated by the binding of TIA-1 to its AT-rich element in the 3'-untranslated region. Cancer Lett 2010; 297:259-68. [PMID: 20599318 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) plays key roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in a variety of cellular systems. We have observed significant down-regulation of IGFBP-3 expression in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues when compared to adjacent histologically normal tissues. In this study, we functionally mapped the entire 3'-UTR of the IGFBP-3 mRNA, spanning 1471 nt and identified a 210 bp fragment consisting of AT-rich elements at the distal downstream region preceding the consensus pre-mRNA polyadenylation signal that provide high affinity binding for TIA-1 to mediate the specific suppression of IGFBP-3 expression in human HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kothandharaman Subramaniam
- Bek Chai Heah Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ryall JG, Church JE, Lynch GS. Novel role for β-adrenergic signalling in skeletal muscle growth, development and regeneration. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:397-401. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
15
|
Duan ZX, Zhu PF, Dong H, Gu W, Yang C, Liu Q, Wang ZG, Jiang JX. Functional significance of the TLR4/11367 polymorphism identified in Chinese Han population. Shock 2007; 28:160-4. [PMID: 17529905 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31803df782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the central signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mammals. This study was designed to investigate the functional significance of the G11367C polymorphism, which is a novel variant we identified in the 3' untranslated region of TLR4 gene in Chinese Han population. Three hundred seventy healthy volunteers were selected. The TLR4/11367 polymorphism was genotyped using single-tube bidirectional allele-specific amplification method. The TLR4 protein expression on peripheral leukocytes and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were determined by means of flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The post-transcriptional effect of the 11367 polymorphism was evaluated by means of reporter gene assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The G11367C polymorphism is a common allele in Chinese Han population, with minor allele frequency of 14.7%. In response to ex vivo LPS stimulation, the TLR4 expression on the surface of peripheral leukocytes and the plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were significantly lower in carriers of 11367C variant allele than in carriers of 11367G allele. This association was allele dose dependent. We also found that the activity and the mRNA expression of luciferase was significantly smaller in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with construct containing 11367C allele than in those transfected with construct containing 11367G allele. Together, these results suggest that the TLR4/11367 polymorphism may be a functional single nucleotide polymorphism, which could attenuate the LPS-induced transmembrane signaling through the alteration of post-transcriptional regulation of 3' untranslated region and target gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-xia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Daping, Chongqing 400-042, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Zhang J, Zhang R, Xue F, Sun Y, Han X. Limitation in use of luciferase reporter genes for 3'-untranslated region analysis. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1691-6. [PMID: 17611725 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Luciferase reporter genes are widely used for the functional characterization of regulatory elements in 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Using a transient expression assay system with pancreatic cell lines, we demonstrated that luciferase reporter gene constructs show not only the elements with special sequences in 3'-UTR that can affect luciferase activity, but also elements containing random sequences that were ligated into the same site. The extent of the decrease in luciferase activity was dependent on the length of the DNA fragments. Our findings strongly suggested a need to re-examine the 3'-UTR characterizations of many eukaryotic genes which have been studied to date with luciferase reporter genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Rd. #140, Nanjing, 210029, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bai Y, Lu H, Machida CA. CRM 1-mediated degradation and agonist-induced down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptor mRNAs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:1076-89. [PMID: 16997396 PMCID: PMC1896136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR) mRNAs are post-transcriptionally regulated at the level of mRNA stability and undergo accelerated agonist-mediated degradation via interaction of its 3' untranslated region (UTR) with RNA binding proteins, including the HuR nuclear protein. In a previous report [Kirigiti et al. (2001). Mol. Pharmacol. 60:1308-1324], we examined the agonist-mediated down-regulation of the rat beta1-AR mRNAs, endogenously expressed in the rat C6 cell line and ectopically expressed in transfectant hamster DDT1MF2 and rat L6 cells. In this report, we determined that isoproterenol treatment of neonatal rat cortical neurons, an important cell type expressing beta1-ARs in the brain, results in significant decreases in beta1-AR mRNA stability, while treatment with leptomycin B, an inhibitor of the nuclear export receptor CRM 1, results in significant increases in beta1-AR mRNA stability and nuclear retention. UV-crosslinking/immunoprecipitation and glycerol gradient fractionation analyses indicate that the beta1-AR 3' UTR recognize complexes composed of HuR and multiple proteins, including CRM 1. Cell-permeable peptides containing the leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) were used as inhibitors of CRM 1-mediated nuclear export. When DDT1MF2 transfectants were treated with isoproterenol and peptide inhibitors, only the co-addition of the NES inhibitor reversed the isoproterenol-induced reduction of beta1-AR mRNA levels. Our results suggest that CRM 1-dependent NES-mediated mechanisms influence the degradation and agonist-mediated down-regulation of the beta1-AR mRNAs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cricetinae
- Down-Regulation
- ELAV Proteins
- ELAV-Like Protein 1
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nuclear Export Signals
- RNA Stability
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chelikani P, Reeves PJ, Rajbhandary UL, Khorana HG. The synthesis and high-level expression of a beta2-adrenergic receptor gene in a tetracycline-inducible stable mammalian cell line. Protein Sci 2006; 15:1433-40. [PMID: 16731977 PMCID: PMC2265096 DOI: 10.1110/ps.062080006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High-level expression of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in functional form is required for structure-function studies. The main goal of the present work was to improve expression levels of beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) so that biophysical studies involving EPR, NMR, and crystallography can be pursued. Toward this objective, the total synthesis of a codon-optimized hamster beta2-AR gene suitable for high-level expression in mammalian systems has been accomplished. Transient expression of the gene in COS-1 cells resulted in 18 +/- 3 pmol beta2-AR/mg of membrane protein, as measured by saturation binding assay using the beta2-AR antagonist [3H] dihydroalprenolol. Previously, we reported the development of an HEK293S tetracycline-inducible system for high-level expression of rhodopsin. Here, we describe construction of beta2-AR stable cell lines using the HEK293S-TetR-inducible system, which, after induction, express wild-type beta2-AR at levels of 220 +/- 40 pmol/mg of membrane protein corresponding to 50 +/- 8 microg/15-cm plate. This level of expression is the highest reported so far for any wild-type GPCR, other than rhodopsin. The yield of functional receptor using the single-step affinity purification is 12 +/- 3 microg/15-cm plate. This level of expression now makes it feasible to pursue structure-function studies using EPR. Furthermore, scale-up of beta2-AR expression using suspension cultures in a bioreactor should now allow production of enough beta2-AR for the application of biophysical techniques such as NMR spectroscopy and crystallography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashen Chelikani
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Human biodiversity or individual traits are not well explained by exonic mutations of all 20,000 known human genes. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that not all noncoding regions are junk DNA sequences, and that some functionally important noncoding variants contribute significantly to altered gene expression, qualitatively or quantitatively. Thus, functional profiling or clinical relevance of noncoding variations should not be underestimated or ignored. To validate these concepts, some important examples are discussed further in this short review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ji Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 1 Shennong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210038, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Small KM, Brown KM, Seman CA, Theiss CT, Liggett SB. Complex haplotypes derived from noncoding polymorphisms of the intronless alpha2A-adrenergic gene diversify receptor expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:5472-7. [PMID: 16567612 PMCID: PMC1459379 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601345103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2A)AR) regulate multiple central nervous system, cardiovascular, and metabolic processes including neurotransmitter release, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, insulin secretion, and lipolysis. Complex diseases associated with alpha(2A)AR dysfunction display familial clustering, phenotypic heterogeneity, and interindividual variability in response to therapy targeted to alpha(2A)ARs, suggesting common, functional polymorphisms. In a multiethnic discovery cohort we identified 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alpha(2A)AR gene organized into 17 haplotypes of two major phylogenetic clades. In contrast to other adrenergic genes, variability of the alpha(2A)AR was primarily due to SNPs in the promoter, 5' UTR and 3' UTR, as opposed to the coding block. Marked ethnic variability in the frequency of SNPs and haplotypes was observed: one haplotype represented 70% of Caucasians, whereas Africans and Asians had a wide distribution of less common haplotypes, with the highest haplotype frequencies being 16% and 35%, respectively. Despite the compact nature of this intronless gene, local linkage disequilibrium between a number of SNPs was low and ethnic-dependent. Whole-gene transfections into BE(2)-C human neuronal cells using vectors containing the entire approximately 5.3-kb gene without exogenous promoters were used to ascertain the effects of haplotypes on alpha(2A)AR expression. Substantial differences (P < 0.001) in transcript and cell-surface protein expression, by as much as approximately 5-fold, was observed between haplotypes, including those with common frequencies. Thus, signaling by this virtually ubiquitous receptor is under major genetic influence, which may be the basis for highly divergent phenotypes in complex diseases such as systemic and pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kersten M. Small
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Kari M. Brown
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Carrie A. Seman
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Cheryl T. Theiss
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-II, Room S-112, Baltimore, MD 21201. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gouas L, Nicaud V, Berthet M, Forhan A, Tiret L, Balkau B, Guicheney P. Association of KCNQ1, KCNE1, KCNH2 and SCN5A polymorphisms with QTc interval length in a healthy population. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13:1213-22. [PMID: 16132053 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The QT interval (QT) reflects cardiac ventricular repolarization and varies according to various known factors such as heart rate, gender and age. Nevertheless, a high intrasubject stability of the QT-RR pattern also suggests that a genetic component contributes to individual QT length. To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding cardiac ion channels were associated with the heart-rate corrected QT (QTc) length, we analyzed two groups of 200 subjects presenting the shortest and the longest QTc from a cohort of 2,008 healthy subjects. A total of 17 polymorphisms were genotyped; they were all in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both groups. Neither allele nor haplotype frequencies of the 10 KCNQ1 SNPs showed a significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, KCNH2 2690 C (K897T) and SCN5A 5457 T (D1819D) minor alleles were significantly more frequent in the group with the shortest QTc interval, whereas KCNE1 253 A (D85N), SCN5A 1673 G (H558R) and 1141-3 A minor alleles were significantly more frequent in the group with the longest QTc interval. Interestingly, an interaction was also found between the KCNH2 2690 A>C SNP and the KCNQ1 2031+ 932 A>G SNP suggesting that the effect of the KCNH2 2690 C allele on QTc length may occur within a particular genetic background. This suggests that genetic determinants located in KCNQ1, KCNE1, KCNH2 and SCN5A influence QTc length in healthy individuals and may represent risk factors for arrhythmias or cardiac sudden death in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gouas
- INSERM U582, Institut de Myologie, IFR 14, UPMC, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu Q, Hwang CK, Yao S, Law PY, Loh HH, Wei LN. A Major Species of Mouse μ-opioid Receptor mRNA and Its Promoter-Dependent Functional Polyadenylation Signal. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 68:279-85. [PMID: 15879516 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.012567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of opioid drugs are mediated mainly by the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), which is encoded by an mRNA transcript named MOR1. Although several MOR mRNA splice variants have been reported, their biological relevance has been debated. In this study, we found that probes of regions essential for the production of functional MOR, as well as that of the 3'-downstream region of the MOR gene coding region, detected by Northern blot analyses, a major species of mature transcript MOR1 from mouse brain of approximately 11.5 kilobases (kb). Although exon 3 probe detected an additional 3.7-kb transcript, this transcript was not detected by other probes, ruling out its ability to produce functional MOR. The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of MOR1 is contiguously extended from the end of the coding region, and uses a single polyadenylation [poly (A)] signal (located 10,179 bp downstream of the MOR1 stop codon). The poly (A) signal (AAUAAA) is located 26 bp upstream of the poly (A) site. Transient transfection using luciferase reporters verified the functionality of this poly (A) signal, in particular on a reporter driven by the MOR promoter. This poly (A) is much less effective for a heterologous promoter, such as simian virus 40, indicating a functional coupling of MOR promoter and its own poly (A). This report verifies MOR1 as the major mature MOR gene transcript that has the full capacity to produce functional MOR protein, identifies the 3'-UTR of MOR1 transcript, and uncovers functional coupling of the MOR gene promoter and its polyadenylation signal.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA 3' Polyadenylation Signals/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kandasamy K, Joseph K, Subramaniam K, Raymond JR, Tholanikunnel BG. Translational control of beta2-adrenergic receptor mRNA by T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-related protein. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:1931-43. [PMID: 15536087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405937200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular expression of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) is suppressed at the translational level by 3'-untranslated region (UTR) sequences. To test the possible role of 3'-UTR-binding proteins in translational suppression of beta(2)-AR mRNA, we expressed the full-length 3'-UTR or the adenylate/uridylate-rich (A+U-rich element (ARE)) RNA from the 3'-UTR sequences of beta(2)-AR in cell lines that endogenously express this receptor. Reversal of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor translational repression by retroviral expression of 3'-UTR sequences suggested that ARE RNA-binding proteins are involved in translational suppression of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor expression. Using a 20-nucleotide ARE RNA from the receptor 3'-UTR as an affinity ligand, we purified the proteins that bind to these sequences. T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-related protein (TIAR) was one of the strongly bound proteins identified by this method. UV-catalyzed cross-linking experiments using in vitro transcribed 3'-UTR RNA and glutathione S-transferase-TIAR demonstrated multiple binding sites for this protein on beta(2)-AR 3'-UTR sequences. The distal 340-nucleotide region of the 3'-UTR was identified as a target RNA motif for TIAR binding by both RNA gel shift analysis and immunoprecipitation experiments. Overexpression of TIAR resulted in suppression of receptor protein synthesis and a significant shift in endogenously expressed beta(2)-AR mRNA toward low molecular weight fractions in sucrose gradient polysome fractionation. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence for translational control of beta(2)-AR mRNA by TIAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Kandasamy
- Department of Medicine and Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2221, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|