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Zong HX, Liu YQ, Wang XL, Miao JY, Luo LP, Wang JX, Chu YR, Tong WQ, Zhao X, Xu SQ. RIOK3 potentially regulates osteogenesis-related pathways in ankylosing spondylitis and the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Genomics 2023; 115:110730. [PMID: 37866658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are key effectors of gene expression, play critical roles in inflammation and immune regulation. However, the potential biological function of RBPs in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of five patients with AS and three healthy persons by RNA-seq, obtained differentially expressed RBPs by overlapping DEGs and RBPs summary table. RIOK3 was selected as a target RBP and knocked down in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs), and transcriptomic studies of siRIOK3 mBMSCs were performed again using RNA-seq. Results showed that RIOK3 knockdown inhibited the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation, ribosome function, and β-interferon pathways in mBMSCs. In vitro experiments have shown that RIOK3 knockdown reduced the osteogenic differentiation ability of mBMSCs. Collectively, RIOK3 may affect the differentiation of mBMSCs and participate in the pathogenesis of AS, especially pathological bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Xiang Zong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Qian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi-le Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie-Yu Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Ping Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Tong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng-Qian Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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2
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Hu L, Liu J, Xue H, Panayi AC, Xie X, Lin Z, Wang T, Xiong Y, Hu Y, Yan C, Chen L, Abududilibaier A, Zhou W, Mi B, Liu G. miRNA-92a-3p regulates osteoblast differentiation in patients with concomitant limb fractures and TBI via IBSP/PI3K-AKT inhibition. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1345-1359. [PMID: 33717654 PMCID: PMC7920808 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients who sustain concomitant fractures and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are known to have significantly quicker fracture-healing rates than patients with isolated fractures. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be identified. In the present study, we found that the upregulation of microRNA-92a-3p (miRNA-92a-3p) induced by TBI correlated with a decrease in integrin binding sialoprotein (IBSP) expression in callus formation. In vitro, overexpressing miRNA-92a-3p inhibited IBSP expression and accelerated osteoblast differentiation, whereas silencing of miRNA-92a-3p inhibited osteoblast activity. A decrease in IBSP facilitated osteoblast differentiation via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/threonine kinase 1 (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Through luciferase assays, we found evidence that IBSP is a miRNA-92a-3p target gene that negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, the present study confirmed that pre-injection of agomiR-92a-3p leads to increased bone formation. Collectively, these results indicate that miRNA-92a-3p overexpression may be a key factor underlying the improved fracture healing observed in TBI patients. Upregulation of miRNA-92a-3p may therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting fracture healing and preventing nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Xudong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengcheng Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Abudula Abududilibaier
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
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3
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Ahmad M, Kroll T, Jakob J, Rauch A, Ploubidou A, Tuckermann J. Cell-based RNAi screening and high-content analysis in primary calvarian osteoblasts applied to identification of osteoblast differentiation regulators. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14045. [PMID: 30232406 PMCID: PMC6145911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are responsible for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Deregulation of their differentiation is etiologically linked to several bone disorders, making this process an important target for therapeutic intervention. Systemic identification of osteoblast regulators has been hampered by the unavailability of physiologically relevant in vitro systems suitable for efficient RNAi and for differentiation read-outs compatible with fluorescent microscopy-based high-content analysis (HCA). Here, we report a new method for identification of osteoblast differentiation regulators by combining siRNA transfection in physiologically relevant cells with high-throughput screening (HTS). Primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts were seeded in 384-well format and reverse transfected with siRNAs and their cell number and differentiation was assayed by HCA. Automated image acquisition allowed high-throughput analyses and classification of single cell features. The physiological relevance, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the method were validated using known regulators of osteoblast differentiation. The application of HCA to siRNAs against expression of 320 genes led to the identification of five potential suppressors and 60 activators of early osteoblast differentiation. The described method and the associated analysis pipeline are not restricted to RNAi-based screening, but can be adapted to large-scale drug HTS or to small-scale targeted experiments, to identify new critical factors important for early osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jeanette Jakob
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Aspasia Ploubidou
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Fabrication of PCL/PVP Electrospun Fibers loaded with Trans-anethole for Bone Regeneration in vitro. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:698-706. [PMID: 30119018 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trans-anethole (TA) is a phenolic phytocompound widely used in the food and health sector because of its diverse biological properties. However, its role in the promotion of bone formation is not known. With the enhanced bioavailability of TA, we aimed to determine its effect on osteogenesis; TA at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μM) was loaded onto polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers by the electrospinning technique. The synthesized PCL/PVP + TA fibers were subjected to physiochemical and material characterization. The addition of TA did not have any effect on fiber thickness, swelling, protein adsorption, degradation, or biomineralization. The fibers were compatible with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). A sustained release of TA from the fibers promoted osteoblast differentiation at the cellular and molecular levels. Furthermore, the release of TA from fibers up-regulated the expression of Runx2, a bone transcription factor, and its co-activators, which are key molecules for osteoblast differentiation. Thus, these results provide insights into the bioavailability of TA in promoting in vitro osteoblast differentiation and the potential applications of TA in bone regeneration.
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5
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The interferon-inducible protein p202 promotes osteogenesis in mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171618. [PMID: 29853536 PMCID: PMC6019357 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the role of the interferon-inducible protein p202 in osteoblast differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Both the mRNA and protein levels of p202 increased initially and decreased afterward in the course of BMSC osteogenesis. The intracellular distribution of this protein also changed in the differentiation process. p202 knockdown inhibited, while p202 overexpression enhanced, the osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs. This was identified by evaluation of expression of osteogenic markers, Alizarin Red S staining, and determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. Further study revealed that p202 disturbs the formation of Runx2/Ids complex and frees Runx2 to induce the differentiation process. The findings demonstrated that p202 plays a positive role in BMSC osteogenesis.
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6
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Jian J, Wei W, Yin G, Hettinghouse A, Liu C, Shi Y. RNA-Seq analysis of interferon inducible p204-mediated network in anti-tumor immunity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6495. [PMID: 29691417 PMCID: PMC5915582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p204, a murine member of the interferon-inducible p200 protein family, and its human analogue, IFI16, have been shown to function as tumor suppressors in vitro, but the molecular events involved, in particular in vivo, remain unclear. Herein we induced the Lewis Lung carcinoma (LLC) murine model of human lung cancer in p204 null mice (KO) and their control littermates (WT). We compared the transcriptome in spleen from WT and p204 KO mice using a high-throughput RNA-sequencing array. A total 30.02 Gb of clean data were obtained, and overall Q30% was greater than 90.54%. More than 75% of clean data from 12 transcriptome samples were mapped to exons. The results showed that only 11 genes exhibited altered expression in untreated p204 KO mice relative to untreated WT mice, while 393 altered genes were identified in tumor-bearing p204 KO mice when compared with tumor-bearing WT mice. Further differentially expressed gene cluster and gene ontology consortium classification revealed that numerous cytokines and their receptors, chemoattractant molecules, and adhesion molecules were significantly induced in p204 KO mice. This study provides novel insights to the p204 network in anti-tumor immune response and also presents a foundation for future work concerning p204-mediated gene expressions and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Jian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guowei Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yongxiang Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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7
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p204 Is Required for Canonical Lipopolysaccharide-induced TLR4 Signaling in Mice. EBioMedicine 2018; 29:78-91. [PMID: 29472103 PMCID: PMC5925582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p204, a murine member of an interferon-inducible p200 family, was reported to recognize intracellular viral and bacterial DNAs, however, its role in the innate immunity in vivo remains unknown due to the lack of p204-deficient animal models. In this study we first generated the p204−/− mice. Unexpectedly, p204 deficiency led to significant defect in extracellular LPS signaling in macrophages, as demonstrated by dramatic reductions of LPS-mediated IFN-β and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The serum levels of IFN-β and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also significantly reduced in p204−/− mice following LPS challenge. In addition, p204−/− mice were resistant to LPS-induced shock. LPS-activated NF-ĸB and IRF-3 pathways were all defective in p204-deficient macrophages. p204 binds to TLR4 through its Pyrin domain, and it is required for the dimerization of TLR4 following LPS-challenge. Collectively, p204 is a critical component of canonical LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway, and these studies also suggest that p204 could be a potential target to prevent and treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. p204 deficiency leads to significant defect in extracellular LPS signaling in macrophages. Serum levels of IFN-β and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also significantly reduced in p204-/- mice following LPS challenge. p204-/- mice were resistant to LPS-induced shock. p204 binds to TLR4 through its Pyrin domain, and it is required for the dimerization of TLR4 following LPS-challenge.
Effective anti-pathogenic responses, including production of type I IFNs and inflammatory response, are critical for host defense. p200 family members, including IFI16 and AIM2, have been reported to function as the sensors of pathogen components. However, investigation of their roles has largely focused on intracellular pathogen components, independent of extracellular pathogen receptors, such as TLRs. Here, we provide unexpected evidences demonstrating that p204, a murine counterpart of human IFI16, is required for extracellular but not intracellular LPS signaling. These results provide not only evidence of functional crosstalk and cooperation between intracellular p204 and extracellular LPS through TLR4 pathways in macrophage-mediated innate immunity, but also new insights into the mechanisms underlying p200 family proteins mediated antiviral and antibacterial infections.
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8
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Li R, Tian C, Postlethwaite A, Jiao Y, Garcia-Godoy F, Pattanaik D, Wei D, Gu W, Li J. Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease: What are the similarities and differences? Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 20:1887-1901. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Li
- Center of Integrative Research; The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City; Qiqihaer Heilongjiang China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Arnold Postlethwaite
- Division of Connective Tissue Diseases; Department of Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center; College of Dentistry; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Debendra Pattanaik
- Division of Connective Tissue Diseases; Department of Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Dongmei Wei
- Center of Integrative Research; The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City; Qiqihaer Heilongjiang China
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Jianwei Li
- Center of Integrative Research; The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City; Qiqihaer Heilongjiang China
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9
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Ghosh S, Wallerath C, Covarrubias S, Hornung V, Carpenter S, Fitzgerald KA. The PYHIN Protein p205 Regulates the Inflammasome by Controlling Asc Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3249-3260. [PMID: 28931603 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the IFN-inducible PYHIN protein family, such as absent in melanoma-2 and IFN-γ-inducible protein (IFI)16, bind dsDNA and form caspase-1-activating inflammasomes that are important in immunity to cytosolic bacteria, DNA viruses, or HIV. IFI16 has also been shown to regulate transcription of type I IFNs during HSV infection. The role of other members of the PYHIN protein family in the regulation of immune responses is much less clear. In this study, we identified an immune-regulatory function for a member of the murine PYHIN protein family, p205 (also called Ifi205). Examination of immune responses induced by dsDNA and other microbial ligands in bone marrow-derived macrophages lacking p205 revealed that inflammasome activation by dsDNA, as well as ligands that engage the NLRP3 inflammasome, was severely compromised in these cells. Further analysis revealed that p205-knockdown cells showed reduced expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like molecule containing CARD domain (Asc) at the protein and RNA levels. p205 knockdown resulted in reduced binding of actively transcribing RNA polymerase II to the endogenous Asc gene, resulting in decreased transcription and processing of Asc pre-mRNA. Deletion of p205 in B16 melanoma cells using CRISPR/Cas9 showed a similar loss of Asc expression. Ectopic expression of p205 induced expression of an Asc promoter-luciferase reporter gene. Together, these findings suggest that p205 controls expression of Asc mRNA to regulate inflammasome responses. These findings expand on our understanding of immune-regulatory roles for the PYHIN protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Ghosh
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Christina Wallerath
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; and
| | - Sergio Covarrubias
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; and
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
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10
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Baum R, Sharma S, Organ JM, Jakobs C, Hornung V, Burr DB, Marshak-Rothstein A, Fitzgerald KA, Gravallese EM. STING Contributes to Abnormal Bone Formation Induced by Deficiency of DNase II in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:460-471. [PMID: 27740718 DOI: 10.1002/art.39863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytosolic DNA sensors detect microbial DNA and promote type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine production through the adaptor stimulator of IFN genes (STING) to resolve infection. Endogenous DNA also engages the STING pathway, contributing to autoimmune disease. This study sought to identify the role of STING in regulating bone formation and to define the bone phenotype and its pathophysiologic mechanisms in arthritic mice double deficient in DNase II and IFN-α/β/ω receptor (IFNAR) (DNase II-/- /IFNAR-/- double-knockout [DKO] mice) compared with controls. METHODS Bone parameters were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry in DKO mice in comparison with mice triple deficient in STING, DNase II, and IFNAR and control mice. Cell culture techniques were employed to determine the parameters of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and function. NanoString and Affymetrix array analyses were performed to identify factors promoting ectopic bone formation. RESULTS Despite the expression of proinflammatory cytokines that would be expected to induce bone loss in the skeleton of DKO mice, the results, paradoxically, demonstrated an accumulation of bone in the long bones and spleens, sites of erythropoiesis and robust DNA accrual. In addition, factors promoting osteoblast recruitment and function were induced. Deficiency of STING significantly inhibited bone accrual. CONCLUSION These data reveal a novel role for cytosolic DNA sensor pathways in bone in the setting of autoimmune disease. The results demonstrate the requirement of an intact STING pathway for bone formation in this model, a finding that may have relevance to autoimmune diseases in which DNA plays a pathogenic role. Identification of pathways linking innate immunity and bone could reveal novel targets for the treatment of bone abnormalities in human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Baum
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Shruti Sharma
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | | | | | - Veit Hornung
- University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany, and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - David B Burr
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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11
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Transcription factor Zeb2 regulates commitment to plasmacytoid dendritic cell and monocyte fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14775-14780. [PMID: 27930303 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611408114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes develop from a series of bone-marrow-resident progenitors in which lineage potential is regulated by distinct transcription factors. Zeb2 is an E-box-binding protein associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is widely expressed among hematopoietic lineages. Previously, we observed that Zeb2 expression is differentially regulated in progenitors committed to classical DC (cDC) subsets in vivo. Using systems for inducible gene deletion, we uncover a requirement for Zeb2 in the development of Ly-6Chi monocytes but not neutrophils, and we show a corresponding requirement for Zeb2 in expression of the M-CSF receptor in the bone marrow. In addition, we confirm a requirement for Zeb2 in development of plasmacytoid DCs but find that Zeb2 is not required for cDC2 development. Instead, Zeb2 may act to repress cDC1 progenitor specification in the context of inflammatory signals.
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12
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Li H, Jiao Y, Zhang L, Wang C, Zhang X, Guo H, Xu H. The interferon-inducible protein p205 acts as an activator in osteoblast differentiation of mouse BMSCs. Differentiation 2016; 92:318-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Yang J, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Li X, Wang X, Chen M, Song B, Ii M, Shen Z. Regulatory roles of interferon-inducible protein 204 on differentiation and vasculogenic activity of endothelial progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:111. [PMID: 27514835 PMCID: PMC4981987 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have shown great potential in angiogenesis either by their differentiation into endothelial cells or by secretion of angiogenic factors. Interferon-inducible protein 204 (Ifi204) has been reported to participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. However, its role in differentiation of EPCs remains unknown. We proposed that Ifi204 could modulate the differentiation and regenerative abilities of EPCs. METHODS Ifi204-expressing lentivirus and Ifi204 siRNA were introduced into EPCs to overexpress and suppress the expression of Ifi204. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative PCR, endothelial markers including CD31, VE-cadherin, and vWF were detected in the modified EPCs. An in-vitro incorporation assay and a colony-forming assay were also performed. RESULTS Evidence showed that Ifi204 inhibition decreased the endothelial differentiation and vasculogenic activities of EPCs in vitro. In mice with hindlimb ischemia, downregulation of Ifi204 in EPCs, which was tracked by our newly synthesized nanofluorogen, impaired neovascularization, with a corresponding reduction in hindlimb blood reperfusion by postoperative day 14. CONCLUSIONS Ifi204 is required for EPC differentiation and neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory roles of Ifi204 in EPC differentiation may benefit the clinical therapy of ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zhenao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xizhe Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai 1st People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Bo Song
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
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Zhao H, Gonzalezgugel E, Cheng L, Richbourgh B, Nie L, Liu C. The roles of interferon-inducible p200 family members IFI16 and p204 in innate immune responses, cell differentiation and proliferation. Genes Dis 2015; 2:46-56. [PMID: 25815367 PMCID: PMC4372153 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p204 is a member of the interferon-inducible p200 family proteins in mice. The p200 family has been reported to be multifunctional regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and senescence. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is regarded as the human ortholog of p204 in several studies. This is possibly due to the similarity of their structures. However the consistency of their functions is still elusive. Currently, an emerging focus has been placed upon the role of the p200 proteins as sensors for microbial DNA in innate immune responses and provides new insights into infections as well as autoimmune diseases. This review specially focuses on IFI16 and p204, the member of p200 family in human and murine respectively, and their pathophysiological roles in innate immune responses, cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States ; Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Elena Gonzalezgugel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Brendon Richbourgh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States ; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Johnson KE, Bottero V, Flaherty S, Dutta S, Singh VV, Chandran B. IFI16 restricts HSV-1 replication by accumulating on the hsv-1 genome, repressing HSV-1 gene expression, and directly or indirectly modulating histone modifications. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004503. [PMID: 25375629 PMCID: PMC4223080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) is a multifunctional nuclear protein involved in transcriptional regulation, induction of interferon-β (IFN-β), and activation of the inflammasome response. It interacts with the sugar-phosphate backbone of dsDNA and modulates viral and cellular transcription through largely undetermined mechanisms. IFI16 is a restriction factor for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), though the mechanisms of HSV-1 restriction are not yet understood. Here, we show that IFI16 has a profound effect on HSV-1 replication in human foreskin fibroblasts, osteosarcoma cells, and breast epithelial cancer cells. IFI16 knockdown increased HSV-1 yield 6-fold and IFI16 overexpression reduced viral yield by over 5-fold. Importantly, HSV-1 gene expression, including the immediate early proteins, ICP0 and ICP4, the early proteins, ICP8 and TK, and the late proteins gB and Us11, was reduced in the presence of IFI16. Depletion of the inflammasome adaptor protein, ASC, or the IFN-inducing transcription factor, IRF-3, did not affect viral yield. ChIP studies demonstrated the presence of IFI16 bound to HSV-1 promoters in osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells and fibroblasts. Using CRISPR gene editing technology, we generated U2OS cells with permanent deletion of IFI16 protein expression. ChIP analysis of these cells and wild-type (wt) U2OS demonstrated increased association of RNA polymerase II, TATA binding protein (TBP) and Oct1 transcription factors with viral promoters in the absence of IFI16 at different times post infection. Although IFI16 did not alter the total histone occupancy at viral or cellular promoters, its absence promoted markers of active chromatin and decreased those of repressive chromatin with viral and cellular gene promoters. Collectively, these studies for the first time demonstrate that IFI16 prevents association of important transcriptional activators with wt HSV-1 promoters and suggest potential mechanisms of IFI16 restriction of wt HSV-1 replication and a direct or indirect role for IFI16 in histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Johnson
- H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Virginie Bottero
- H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Flaherty
- H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sujoy Dutta
- H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vivek Vikram Singh
- H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bala Chandran
- H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Liu F, Jiao Y, Zhu Z, Sun C, Li H. Interferon-inducible protein 205 (p205) plays a role in adipogenic differentiation of mouse adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:80-9. [PMID: 24859602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of p205 in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether p205 is involved in adipogenesis of mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mASCs). p205 was largely induced in mASCs under adipogenesis in vitro. The mRNA and protein levels of p205 reached a maximum at day 4, and decreased at days 6 and 8. p205 localized almost exclusively in the nucleus of undifferentiated cells, but also translocated to the cytoplasm in intermediately and terminally differentiated cells. Although p205 suppression impaired mASC adipogenesis, its overexpression did not enhance the differentiation process. p205 co-localized with, and bound directly to, C/EBPβ and C/EBPα at day 4. Knockdown of p205 lowered the amount of p205 interacting with C/EBPβ or C/EBPα, further downregulating the transcription activities of C/EBPα and PPARγ. This suggests the importance of these transcription factors in the role of p205 in mASC adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chaochen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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17
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Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 promotes osteogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:202-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Li H, Liu F, Guo H, Zhu Z, Jiao Y. Role of interferon-inducible protein 202 (p202) in the regulation of adipogenesis in mouse adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:814-24. [PMID: 24246779 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-inducible protein 202 (p202) has emerged as a key regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. To explore the role of p202 in adipocyte differentiation, p202 mRNA and protein levels in differentiating mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mASCs) were examined, and were found to continuously increase during mASC adipogenesis. The nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of p202 in the differentiation process was also determined. In addition, suppression and overexpression of p202 impaired and enhanced the differentiation process, respectively. Further, results of co-immunoprecipitation and co-immunofluorescence showed the interaction and intracellular co-localization of p202 with C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, and PPARγ at intermediate and/or late differentiation stages. Knockdown of p202 interfered with the elevated expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, and PPARγ. In conclusion, the temporal and spatial profiles of p202 and the observed manner in which p202 affected the expression of these transcription factors provided evidence that p202 plays a role during mASC adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Feihan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hengjun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Leamy LJ, Kelly SA, Hua K, Farber CR, Pomp D. Quantitative trait loci for bone mineral density and femoral morphology in an advanced intercross population of mice. Bone 2013; 55:222-9. [PMID: 23486184 PMCID: PMC3650100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by low levels of bone mineral density (BMD), is a prevalent medical condition in humans. We investigated its genetic and environmental basis by searching for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting six skeletal (including three BMD) traits in a G10 advanced intercross population produced from crosses of mice from the inbred strain C57BL/6J with mice from a strain selected for high voluntary wheel running. The mice in this population were fed either a high-fat or a matched control diet throughout the study, allowing us to test for QTL by diet interactions for the skeletal traits. Our genome scan uncovered a number of QTLs, the great majority of which were different from QTLs previously found for these same traits in an earlier (G4) generation of the same intercross. Further, the confidence intervals for the skeletal trait QTLs were reduced from an average of 18.5 Mb in the G4 population to an equivalent of about 9 Mb in the G10 population. We uncovered a total of 50 QTLs representing 32 separate genomic sites affecting these traits, with a distal region on chromosome 1 harboring several QTLs with large effects on the BMD traits. One QTL was located on chromosome 5 at 4.0 Mb with a confidence interval spanning from 4.0 to 4.6 Mb. Only three protein coding genes reside in this interval, and one of these, Cyp51, is an attractive candidate as others have shown that developing Cyp51 knockout embryos exhibit shortened and bowed limbs and synotosis of the femur and tibia. Several QTLs showed significant interactions with sex, although only two QTLs interacted with diet, both affecting only mice fed the high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Leamy
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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20
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The mammalian PYHIN gene family: phylogeny, evolution and expression. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:140. [PMID: 22871040 PMCID: PMC3458909 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proteins of the mammalian PYHIN (IFI200/HIN-200) family are involved in defence against infection through recognition of foreign DNA. The family member absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) binds cytosolic DNA via its HIN domain and initiates inflammasome formation via its pyrin domain. AIM2 lies within a cluster of related genes, many of which are uncharacterised in mouse. To better understand the evolution, orthology and function of these genes, we have documented the range of PYHIN genes present in representative mammalian species, and undertaken phylogenetic and expression analyses. Results No PYHIN genes are evident in non-mammals or monotremes, with a single member found in each of three marsupial genomes. Placental mammals show variable family expansions, from one gene in cow to four in human and 14 in mouse. A single HIN domain appears to have evolved in the common ancestor of marsupials and placental mammals, and duplicated to give rise to three distinct forms (HIN-A, -B and -C) in the placental mammal ancestor. Phylogenetic analyses showed that AIM2 HIN-C and pyrin domains clearly diverge from the rest of the family, and it is the only PYHIN protein with orthology across many species. Interestingly, although AIM2 is important in defence against some bacteria and viruses in mice, AIM2 is a pseudogene in cow, sheep, llama, dolphin, dog and elephant. The other 13 mouse genes have arisen by duplication and rearrangement within the lineage, which has allowed some diversification in expression patterns. Conclusions The role of AIM2 in forming the inflammasome is relatively well understood, but molecular interactions of other PYHIN proteins involved in defence against foreign DNA remain to be defined. The non-AIM2 PYHIN protein sequences are very distinct from AIM2, suggesting they vary in effector mechanism in response to foreign DNA, and may bind different DNA structures. The PYHIN family has highly varied gene composition between mammalian species due to lineage-specific duplication and loss, which probably indicates different adaptations for fighting infectious disease. Non-genomic DNA can indicate infection, or a mutagenic threat. We hypothesise that defence of the genome against endogenous retroelements has been an additional evolutionary driver for PYHIN proteins.
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Gruber HE, Riley FE, Hoelscher GL, Bayoumi EM, Ingram JA, Ramp WK, Bosse MJ, Kellam JF. Osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of biomembrane cells from the PMMA-segmental defect rat model. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1198-212. [PMID: 22246998 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A layer of cells (the "biomembrane") has been identified in large segmental defects between bone and surgically placed methacrylate spacers or antibiotic-impregnated cement beads. We hypothesize that this contains a pluripotent stem cell population with potential valuable applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. Objectives using biomembranes harvested from rat segmental defects were to: (1) Culture biomembrane cells in specialized media to direct progenitor cells along bone or cartilage cell differentiation lineages; (2) evaluate harvested biomembranes for mesenchymal stem cell markers, and (3) define relevant gene expression patterns in harvested biomembranes using microarray analysis. Culture in osteogenic media produced mineralized nodules; culture in chondrogenic media produced masses containing chondroitin sulfate/sulfated proteoglycans. Molecular analysis of biomembrane cells versus control periosteum showed significant upregulation of key genes functioning in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, development, maintenance, and proliferation. Results identified significant upregulation of WNT receptor signaling pathway genes and significant upregulation of BMP signaling pathway genes. Findings confirm that the biomembrane has a pluripotent stem cell population. The ability to heal large bone defects is clinically challenging, and novel tissue engineering uses of the biomembrane hold great promise in treating non-unions, open fractures with large bone loss and/or infections, and defects associated with tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, USA.
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22
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Beamer WG, Shultz KL, Coombs HF, DeMambro VE, Reinholdt LG, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Canalis E, Rosen CJ, Donahue LR. BMD regulation on mouse distal chromosome 1, candidate genes, and response to ovariectomy or dietary fat. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:88-99. [PMID: 20687154 PMCID: PMC3179313 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The distal end of mouse chromosome 1 (Chr 1) harbors quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and share conserved synteny with human chromosome 1q. The objective of this article was to map this mouse distal Chr 1 region and identify gene(s) responsible for BMD regulation in females. We used X-ray densitometry [ie, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), micro-computed tomography (µCT), and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)] to phenotype a set of nested congenic strains constructed from C57BL/6BmJ (B6/Bm) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice to map the region associated with the BMD QTL. The critical region has been reduced to an interval of 0.152 Mb that contributes to increased BMD when C3H alleles are present. Histomorphometry and osteoblast cultures indicated that increased osteoblast activity was associated with increased BMD in mouse strains with C3H alleles in this critical region. This region contains two genes, Aim2, which binds with cytoplasmic dsDNA and results in apoptosis, and AC084073.22, a predicted gene of unknown function. Ovariectomy induced bone loss in the B6/Bm progenitor and the three congenic strains regardless of the alleles present in the critical BMD region. High dietary fat treatment (thought to suppress distal Chr 1 QTL for BMD in mice) did not induce bone loss in the congenics carrying C3H alleles in the critical 0.152 Mb carrying the AIM2 and AC084073.22 genes. Gene expression studies in whole bone of key congenics showed differential expression of AC084073.22 for strains carrying B6/Bm versus C3H alleles but not for Aim2. In conclusion, our data suggest that osteoblasts are the cellular target of gene action and that AC084073.22 is the best candidate for female BMD regulation in the distal region of mouse Chr 1.
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Kruger M, Coetzee M, Haag M, Weiler H. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:438-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Xiao J, Sun B, Cai GP. Transient expression of interferon-inducible p204 in the early stage is required for adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3141-53. [PMID: 20444940 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A member of the interferon-inducible p200 family of proteins, p204, has recently been reported to function in the development of many mesoderm-derived tissues, such as bone, muscle, and cartilage. However, no published study has yet investigated the role of p204 in adipogenesis. Our preliminary experiments showed that p204 can be found in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and its expression was up-regulated in a differentiation-dependent manner. As such, we hypothesized that p204 is associated with adipogenesis and focused on the influence of p204 on adipogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the transient elevated expression and cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of p204 in the early stage of adipogenesis. To determine the effect of p204 on adipogenesis, p204-siRNA and expression vector were produced for p204 suppression and overexpression, respectively. The knockdown of p204 resulted in a significantly depressed adipocyte differentiation, whereas p204 overexpression promoted adipocyte differentiation. The mRNA expression of adipogenic markers, such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding-protein (C/EBP)alpha, lipoprotein lipase, and adipsin, was decreased by p204 suppression and increased by p204 overexpression. A coimmunoprecipitation assay coupled with an indirect immunofluorescence assay also indicated that p204 interacted and colocalized with C/EBPdelta in the nucleus. Furthermore, the knockdown of p204 disrupted the interaction between p204 and C/EBPdelta and partially suppressed the PPARgamma transcriptional activity by dissociating C/EBPdelta with the PPARgamma promoter element. Collectively, our data indicate that the transient expression of p204 in the early stage is indispensable for adipocyte differentiation. Disruption of p204 expression patterns at this stage leads to irreversible damage in fat formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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25
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Levros LC, Do Carmo S, Edouard E, Legault P, Charfi C, Rassart E. Characterization of nuclear factors modulating the apolipoprotein D promoter during growth arrest: implication of PARP-1, APEX-1 and ERK1/2 catalytic activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:1062-71. [PMID: 20493910 PMCID: PMC7114184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is upregulated under several stress conditions and pathological situations such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. We previously showed that apoD mRNA expression is induced in growth-arrested cells and demonstrated the specific binding of nuclear proteins to the region −514 to −475 of the promoter. Such region contains a pair of Serum Responsive Elements (SRE), an Ets-Binding Site (EBS) and a Glucocorticoid Responsive Element (GRE). In this study, we show that Parp-1, HnRNP-U, CBF-A, BUB-3, Kif4, APEX-1 and Ifi204 bind these regulatory elements of the apoD promoter. Specific binding of HnRNP-U and Parp-1 was confirmed by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA). In a biotin pull-down assay, Kif4 and BUB-3 bind preferentially the SRE1 and the EBS-GRE sites, respectively, while APEX-1 seems recruited indirectly to these elements. We found that the mRNA expression of some of these binding factors is upregulated in growth-arrested cells and that these proteins also transactivate the apoD promoter. In agreement with these results, mutants of APEX-1 and of Parp-1 defective for their DNA-binding and catalytic activities could not transactivate the promoter. The knockdown of Parp-1 and HnRNP-U and the use of specific inhibitors of MEK1/2 and of Parp-1 also inhibited the induction of apoD gene expression. Moreover, ERK1/2 was found activated in a biphasic manner post serum-starvation and the inhibition of Parp-1 causes a sustained activation of ERK2 but not ERK1 for up to 2 h. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the importance of Parp-1, APEX-1 and ERK1/2 catalytic activities in the growth arrest-induced apoD gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Charles Levros
- Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, and Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Lengyel P, Liu CJ. The p200 family protein p204 as a modulator of cell proliferation and differentiation: a brief survey. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 67:335-40. [PMID: 19921484 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the murine p200 family protein p204 in numerous tissues can be activated by a variety of distinct, tissue-specific transcription factors. p204 modulates cell proliferation, cell cycling, and the differentiation of various tissues, including skeletal muscle myotubes, beating cardiac myocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and macrophages. This protein modulates these processes in various ways, such as by (1) blocking ribosomal RNA synthesis in the nucleolus, (2) inhibiting Ras signaling in the cytoplasm, (3) promoting the activity of particular transcription factors in the nucleus by forming complexes with them, and (4) overcoming the block of the activity of other transcription factors by inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins. Much remains to be learned about p204, particularly with respect to its expected involvement in the differentiation of several as yet unexplored tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lengyel
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA.
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27
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Osses N, Casar JC, Brandan E. Inhibition of extracellular matrix assembly induces the expression of osteogenic markers in skeletal muscle cells by a BMP-2 independent mechanism. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:73. [PMID: 19804635 PMCID: PMC2762961 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conversion of one cell type into another has been suggested to be, at the molecular level, the consequence of change(s) in the expression level of key developmental genes. Myoblasts have the ability to differentiate either to skeletal muscle or osteogenic lineage depending of external stimuli. Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to be essential for skeletal muscle differentiation, through its direct interaction with myoblasts' cell receptors. We attempt to address if ECM also plays a role in the osteogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. Results Inhibition of proteoglycan sulfation by sodium chlorate in myoblast cultures strongly affects ECM synthesis and deposition and induces the expression of the osteogenic lineage markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin in mononuclear cells. Induction of ALP by sodium chlorate does not affect the expression of specific muscle determination transcription factors, such as MyoD and Myf-5, in the same cells. The osteogenic transcription factor Cbfa-1 expression is also unaffected. Induction of ALP is not inhibited by a soluble form of BMP receptor IA. This suggests that the deviation of the myogenic pathway of C2C12 myoblasts into the osteogenic lineage by inhibitors of proteoglycan sulfation is BMP-2 independent. The increase of osteogenic markers expression can be totally prevented by an exogenous ECM. Interestingly, a similar BMP-2-independent ALP activity induction can be observed in myoblasts cultured on an ECM previously synthesized by BMP-2 treated myoblasts. Under in vivo conditions of increased ECM turn-over and deposition, as in the mdx dystrophic muscle and during skeletal muscle regeneration, an induction and relocalization of ALP is observed in a subpopulation of skeletal muscle fibers, whereas in normal skeletal muscle, ALP expression is restricted to blood vessels and some endomysial mononuclear cells. Conclusion These results suggest that signals arising from the ECM induce the expression of osteogenic markers in muscle cells by a mechanism independent of BMP-2 and without affecting the expression of key muscle or osteogenic determination genes. An induction and relocalization of ALP is also observed in mdx and regenerating skeletal muscles, in vivo conditions of increased muscle ECM deposition or turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Osses
- Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, MIFAB, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Lin EA, Kong L, Bai XH, Luan Y, Liu CJ. miR-199a, a bone morphogenic protein 2-responsive MicroRNA, regulates chondrogenesis via direct targeting to Smad1. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11326-35. [PMID: 19251704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807709200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate a variety of biological processes. The role of miRNAs in BMP2-mediated biological processes is of considerable interest. A comparative miRNA array led to the isolation of several BMP2-responsive miRNAs. Among them, miR-199a(*) is of particular interest, because it was reported to be specifically expressed in the skeletal system. Here we demonstrate that miR-199a(*) is an early responsive target of BMP2: its level was dramatically reduced at 5 h, quickly increased at 24 h and remained higher thereafter in the course of BMP2-triggered chondrogenesis of a micromass culture of pluripotent C3H10T1/2 stem cells. miR-199a(*) significantly inhibited early chondrogenesis, as revealed by the reduced expression of early marker genes for chondrogenesis such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), type II collagen, and Sox9, whereas anti-miR-199a(*) increased the expression of these chondrogenic marker genes. A computer-based prediction algorithm led to the identification of Smad1, a well established downstream molecule of BMP-2 signaling, as a putative target of miR-199a(*). The pattern of Smad1 mRNA expression exhibited the mirror opposite of miR-199a(*) expression following BMP-2 induction. Furthermore, miR-199a(*) demonstrated remarkable inhibition of both endogenous Smad1 as well as a reporter construct bearing the 3-untranslated region of Smad1 mRNA. In addition, mutation of miR-199a(*) binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region of Smad1 mRNA abolished miR-199a(*)-mediated repression of reporter gene activity. Mechanism studies revealed that miR-199a(*) inhibits Smad1/Smad4-mediated transactivation of target genes, and that overexpression of Smad1 completely corrects miR-199a(*)-mediated repression of early chondrogenesis. Taken together, miR-199a(*) is the first BMP2 responsive microRNA found to adversely regulate early chondrocyte differentiation via direct targeting of the Smad1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10003, USA
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Luan Y, Lengyel P, Liu CJ. p204, a p200 family protein, as a multifunctional regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2008; 19:357-69. [PMID: 19027346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-inducible p200 family comprises a group of homologous mouse and human proteins. Most of these have an N-terminal DAPIN domain and one or two partially conserved, 200 amino acid long C-terminal domains (designated as 200X domain). These proteins play important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, apoptosis and senescence. p200 family proteins are involved also in autoimmunity and the control of tumor growth. These proteins function by binding to various target proteins (e.g. transcription factors, signaling proteins, oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins) and modulating target activity. This review concentrates on p204, a murine member of the family and its roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell and tissue differentiation (e.g. of skeletal muscle myotubes, beating cardiac myocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and macrophages) and signaling by Ras proteins. The expression of p204 in various tissues as promoted by tissue-specific transcription factors, its distribution among subcellular compartments, and the controls of these features are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10003, United States
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Cbfa1-dependent expression of an interferon-inducible p204 protein is required for chondrocyte differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:1760-71. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Lengyel P. From RNase L to the Multitalented p200 Family Proteins: An Exploration of the Modes of Interferon Action. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:273-81. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.3993.hp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lengyel
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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Luan Y, Yu XP, Yang N, Frenkel S, Chen L, Liu CJ. p204 protein overcomes the inhibition of core binding factor alpha-1-mediated osteogenic differentiation by Id helix-loop-helix proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:2113-26. [PMID: 18287524 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-10-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Id proteins play important roles in osteogenic differentiation; however, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we established that inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins, including Id1, Id2, and Id3, associate with core binding factor alpha-1 (Cbfa1) to cause diminished transcription of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCL) gene, leading to less ALP activity and osteocalcin (OCL) production. Id acts by inhibiting the sequence-specific binding of Cbfa1 to DNA and by decreasing the expression of Cbfa1 in cells undergoing osteogenic differentiation. p204, an interferon-inducible protein that interacts with both Cbfa1 and Id2, overcame the Id2-mediated inhibition of Cbfa1-induced ALP activity and OCL production. We show that 1) p204 disturbed the binding of Id2 to Cbfa1 and enabled Cbfa1 to bind to the promoters of its target genes and 2) that p204 promoted the translocation from nucleus to the cytoplasm and accelerated the degradation of Id2 by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during osteogenesis. Nucleus export signal (NES) of p204 is required for the p204-enhanced cytoplasmic translocation and degradation of Id2, because a p204 mutant lacking NES lost these activities. Together, Cbfa1, p204, and Id proteins form a regulatory circuit and act in concert to regulate osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Gordeladze JO, Noël D, Bony C, Apparailly F, Louis-Plence P, Jorgensen C. Transient down-regulation of cbfa1/Runx2 by RNA interference in murine C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stromal cells delays in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis, but does not overtly affect chondrogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1495-506. [PMID: 18313048 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to ensure that MSCs designed for in vivo cartilage repair do not untowardly differentiate into osteoblasts and mineralize in situ, we tested whether siRNA-induced suppression of cbfa1/Runx2 affected the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of the murine cell line C3H10T1/2. Anti-cbfa1/Runx2 siRNA decreased the levels of cbfa1/Runx2 mRNA and protein by 65-80%, and also markedly reduced the expression of osteoblast-related genes such as Dlx5, osterix, collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin, SPARC/osteonectin and osteopontin, leading to a temporal expression of AP enzyme activity and mineralization potential delayed by at least some 7-9 days. Furthermore, siRNA-transfected cells, grown under chondrogenic conditions did not display biologically significant changes in the expression of aggrecan, collagen type II or type X, or histology when grown in micropellets or monolayer cultures. Finally, when cells were propagated in osteogenic medium and injected into the tibial muscles of SCID mice, no overtly mineralized bone tissue emerged. These experiments indicate that a major transient reduction of cbfa1/Runx2 expression in MSCs is sufficient to delay osteoblastic differentiation, both in vitro and in vivo, while chondrogenesis seemed to be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Gordeladze
- Institute of Basal Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Ludlow LE, Purton LE, Klarmann K, Gough DJ, Hii LL, Trapani JA, Keller JR, Clarke CJ, Johnstone RW. The Role of p202 in Regulating Hematopoietic Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:5-11. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2007.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louise E. Ludlow
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Current address: Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, and Department of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Louise E. Purton
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne VIC 3002, Australia
- Current address: Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kim Klarmann
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Inc. Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Daniel J. Gough
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Current address: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Linda L. Hii
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Keller
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Inc. Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Christopher J.P. Clarke
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ricky W. Johnstone
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Abstract
The murine p200 family protein, p204, modulates cell proliferation and tissue differentiation. Many of its activities are exerted in the nucleus. However, in cardiac myocytes, p204 accumulated in the cytoplasm. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed a p204-cytoplasmic Ras protein interaction. This was confirmed (i) by coimmunoprecipitation of p204 with Ras in mouse heart extract and with endogenous or ectopic H-Ras and K-Ras in cell lysates as well as (ii) by binding of purified H-Ras-GTP to purified p204 in vitro. p204 inhibited (i) the cleavage of RasGTP to RasGDP by RasGAP; (ii) the binding to RasGTP of Raf-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Ral-GDS, effectors of Ras signaling; and (iii) activation by the Ras pathway of the phosphorylation and thus activation of downstream targets (e.g. MEK, Akt, and p38 MAPK). Oncogenic Ras expression triggered the phosphorylation and translocation of p204 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This is expected to increase the interaction between the two proteins. Translocation triggered by Ras oncoprotein was blocked by the LY294002 inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Ras did not promote phosphorylation or translocation to the cytoplasm of mutated p204 in which serine 179 was replaced by alanine. p204 overexpression inhibited the anchorage-independent proliferation of cells expressing Ras(Q61L) oncoprotein. Ras oncoprotein triggered in MEF3T3 cells the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and the enhancement of cell migration through a membrane. Overexpression of p204 inhibited both. Ras oncoprotein or activated, wild-type Ras was described to increase Egr-1 transcription factor expression. We report that a sequence in the gene encoding p204 bound Egr-1, and Egr-1 activated p204 expression. Ras oncoprotein or activated wild-type Ras increased the expression in 3T3 cells of p204 together with that of Egr-1. Furthermore, the activation of expression of a single copy of K-ras oncogene in cultured murine embryonic cells induced the expression of a high level of p204 as well as its distribution between the nuclei and the cytoplasm. Thus, p204 may serve as a negative feedback inhibitor of Ras activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8024, USA
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Yamada S, Ganno T, Ohara N, Hayashi Y. Chitosan monomer accelerates alkaline phosphatase activity on human osteoblastic cells under hypofunctional conditions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:290-5. [PMID: 17415763 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polyaminosaccharide that is extensively applied as an antitumor and antirheumatic drug. However, there are few reports about its effects on hypofunctional osteoblasts in vitro. We investigated the biological characteristics of a human osteoblastic cell line (NOS-1 cells) that was cultured with a chitosan monomer-containing medium under simulated microgravity conditions. After 7 days of cell incubation under the conventional conditions, the flasks were transferred to a microgravity simulator for 3 days. In the 0.005% chitosan monomer supplemented group, the marker enzyme of biological mineralization, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, was significantly higher compared with the control group (p<0.05). A cDNA microarray was performed to investigate the effects on the mRNA level by chitosan monomer, and the fluorescent signal was analyzed. The interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor gene was detected with a signal ration of 2.2. The slight increase of IFN-gamma receptor expression was confirmed after 3 days of incubation according to RT-PCR analysis. Western blot analysis also showed the increased expression of IFN-gamma receptor. These results suggest that a supra-low concentration of chitosan monomer may increase the ALP activity of osteoblastic cells through the IFN-gamma receptor at the early phase of cell culture and recover the activity for biological mineralization under the hypofunctional condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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Beamer WG, Shultz KL, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Horton LG, Delahunty KM, Coombs HF, Donahue LR, Canalis E, Rosen CJ. Genetic dissection of mouse distal chromosome 1 reveals three linked BMD QTLs with sex-dependent regulation of bone phenotypes. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:1187-96. [PMID: 17451375 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genetic analyses with mouse congenic strains for distal Chr1 have identified three closely linked QTLs regulating femoral vBMD, mid-diaphyseal cortical thickness, and trabecular microstructure in a sex-dependent fashion. The homologous relationship between distal mouse Chr 1 and human 1q21-24 offers the possibility of finding common regulatory genes for cortical and trabecular bone. INTRODUCTION The distal third of mouse chromosome 1 (Chr 1) has been shown to carry a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for BMD from several inbred mouse strain crosses. Genetic and functional analyses are essential to identify genes and cellular mechanisms for acquisition of peak bone mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nested congenic sublines of mice were developed with a C57BL/6J (B6) background carrying <1- to 9-Mbp-sized segments donated from C3H/HeJ (C3H). Isolated femurs from 16-wk-old female and male mice were measured by pQCT and microCT40 for volumetric (v)BMD, mid-diaphyseal cortical thickness, and distal trabecular phenotypes. Static and dynamic histomorphologic data were obtained on selected females and males at 16 wk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We found that the original BMD QTL, Bmd5, mapped to distal Chr 1 consists of three QTLs with different effects on vBMD and trabecular bone in both sexes. Compared with B6 controls, femoral vBMD, BMD, and cortical thickness (p < 0.0001) were significantly increased in congenic subline females, but not in males, carrying C3H alleles at QTL-1. Both females and males carrying C3H alleles at QTL-1 showed marked increases in BV/TV by microCT compared with B6 mice (p < 0.0001). Females increased BV/TV by increasing trabecular thickness, whereas males increased trabecular number. In addition, the microCT40 data showed two unique QTLs for male trabecular bone, QTL-2 and QTL-3, which may interact to regulate trabecular thickness and number. These QTLs are closely linked with and proximal to QTL-1. The histomorphometric data revealed sex-specific differences in cellular and bone formation parameters. Mice and humans share genetic homology between distal mouse Chr 1 and human Chr 1q20-24 that is associated with adult human skeletal regulation. Sex- and compartment-specific regulatory QTLs in the mouse suggest the need to partition human data by sex to improve accuracy of mapping and genetic loci identification.
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Ali MM, Yoshizawa T, Ishibashi O, Matsuda A, Ikegame M, Shimomura J, Mera H, Nakashima K, Kawashima H. PIASxbeta is a key regulator of osterix transcriptional activity and matrix mineralization in osteoblasts. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:2565-73. [PMID: 17623776 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.005090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that tensile stress induces osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis in the mouse calvarial suture in vitro. Using this experimental system, we identified PIASxbeta, a splice isoform of Pias2, as one of the genes most highly upregulated by tensile stress. Further study using cell culture revealed that this upregulation was transient and was accompanied by upregulation of other differentiation markers, including osterix, whereas expression of Runx2 was unaffected. Runx2 and osterix are the two master proteins controlling osteoblast differentiation, with Runx2 being upstream of osterix. Targeted knockdown of PIASxbeta by small interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly suppressed osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization, whereas transient overexpression of PIASxbeta caused the exact opposite effects. Regardless of PIASxbeta expression level, Runx2 expression remained constant. Reporter assays demonstrated that osterix enhanced its own promoter activity, which was further stimulated by PIASxbeta but not by its sumoylation-defective mutant. NFATc1 and NFATc3 additionally increased osterix transcriptional activity when co-transfected with PIASxbeta. Because osterix has no consensus motif for sumoylation, other proteins are probably involved in the PIASxbeta-mediated activation and NFAT proteins may be among such targets. This study provides the first line of evidence that PIASxbeta is indispensable for osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization, and that this signaling molecule is located between Runx2 and osterix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moksed Ali
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata-city, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Abstract
Runx2, osterix, and beta-catenin are essential for osteoblast differentiation. Runx2 directs multipotent mesenchymal cells to an osteoblastic lineage, and inhibits them from differentiating into the adipocytic and chondrocytic lineages. After differentiating to preosteoblasts, beta-catenin, osterix, and Runx2 direct them to immature osteoblasts, which produce bone matrix proteins, blocking their potential to differentiate into the chondrocytic lineage. Runx2 inhibits osteoblast maturation and the transition into osteocytes, keeping osteoblasts in an immature stage. Other transcription factors including Msx1, Msx2, Dlx5, Dlx6, Twist, AP1(Fos/Jun), Knox-20, Sp3, and ATF4 are also involved in osteoblast differentiation. To gain an understanding of bone development, it is important to position these transcription factors to the right places in the processes of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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Luan Y, Yu XP, Xu K, Ding B, Yu J, Huang Y, Yang N, Lengyel P, Di Cesare PE, Liu CJ. The retinoblastoma protein is an essential mediator of osteogenesis that links the p204 protein to the Cbfa1 transcription factor thereby increasing its activity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:16860-70. [PMID: 17439944 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610943200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation requires the coordinated activity of numerous proteins including the transcription factor core-binding factor alpha1 (Cbfa1). Deregulation of Cbfa1 results in metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis and osteopetrosis. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) that is required for osteogenesis binds Cbfa1. We reported earlier that the p200 family protein p204, which is known to be involved in the differentiation of skeletal muscle myotubes, cardiac myocytes, and macrophages, also serves as a cofactor of Cbfa1 and promotes osteogenesis. In this study we established that suppression of p204 expression by an adenovirus construct encoding p204 antisense RNA inhibited osteoblast-specific gene activation by Cbfa1 in an osteogenesis assay involving the pluripotent C2C12 mesenchymal cell line. Using protein-protein interaction assays we established that Cbfa1, pRb, and p204 form a ternary complex in which pRb serves as a linker connecting p204 and Cbfa1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the binding of such a p204-pRb-Cbfa1 transcription factor complex to the promoter of the osteocalcin gene. The pRb requirement of the stimulation of Cbfa1 activity by p204 was established in experiments involving p204 mutants lacking one or two pRb binding (LXCXE) motifs. Such mutants failed to enhance the Cbfa1-dependent transactivation of gene expression as well as osteogenesis. Furthermore, as revealed in reporter gene and in vitro osteogenesis assays p204 synergized with pRb in the stimulation of Cbfa1-dependent gene activation and osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, USA
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Hildenbrand B, Sauer B, Kalis O, Stoll C, Freudenberg MA, Niedermann G, Giesler JM, Jüttner E, Peters JH, Häring B, Leo R, Unger C, Azemar M. Immunotherapy of patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma pre-treated with interferon-gamma and vaccinated with autologous PSA-peptide loaded dendritic cells--a pilot study. Prostate 2007; 67:500-8. [PMID: 17262804 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a pilot trial to assess the feasibility and tolerability of a prime/boost vaccine strategy using interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with HLA-A2-specific prostate-specific antigen (PSA) peptides (PSA-1 [141-150]; PSA-2 [146-156]; PSA-3 [154-163]) for the treatment of 12 patients with hormone refractory prostate carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients were vaccinated four times with intracutaneously injected PSA-peptide loaded DCs after subcutaneous administration of IFN-gamma 2 hr before DC administration (50 microg/m(2) body surface). Objectives were safety, clinical benefit, clinical and biochemical response, quality of life, and immunological parameters. RESULTS The vaccination was well tolerated without any vaccination-associated adverse events. One partial and one mixed responder were identified, four patients showed stable diseases. Two patients had a decrease and four a slow-down velocity slope in the PSA serum level. All responders showed a positive DTH-response, but only two a slight increase in PSA-peptide specific T-lymphocytes. CONCLUSION The immunotherapy with IFN-gamma and PSA-peptide loaded DCs was feasible and well tolerated. The observed responses imply a potential antitumor activity.
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Pregizer S, Barski A, Gersbach CA, García AJ, Frenkel B. Identification of novel Runx2 targets in osteoblasts: Cell type-specific BMP-dependent regulation of Tram2. J Cell Biochem 2007; 102:1458-71. [PMID: 17486635 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Runx2 is an osteoblast master transcription factor and a target for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, but our knowledge of events downstream of Runx2 is limited. In this study, we used ChIP Display to discover seven novel genomic regions occupied by Runx2 in living MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Six of these regions are found within or up to 1-kb away from annotated genes, but only two are found within 5'-gene flanking sequences. One of the newly identified Runx2 target genes is Tram2, whose product facilitates proper folding of type I collagen. We demonstrate that Tram2 mRNA is suppressed in non-osteoblasts when Runx2 is over-expressed, and that this suppression is alleviated upon treatment with BMP-2. Moreover, we show that BMP-induced Runx2 expression in the C3H10T1/2, ST2, C2C12, and MC3T3-E1 cell lines coincides with an increase in Tram2 mRNA levels. Thus, Runx2 may regulate Tram2 expression in a BMP-dependent manner, and Tram2 may participate in the overall osteogenic function of Runx2. Among the other Runx2 target genes discovered in this study are Lnx2, an intracellular scaffolding protein that may play a role in Notch signaling, and Tnfrsf12a, a Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor family member that influences both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Expanding our knowledge of Runx2 target genes, and manipulation of these genes, are warranted to better understand the regulation of osteoblast function and to provide opportunities for the development of new bone anabolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pregizer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Mori K, Kitazawa R, Kondo T, Maeda S, Yamaguchi A, Kitazawa S. Modulation of mouse RANKL gene expression by Runx2 and PKA pathway. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:1629-44. [PMID: 16598781 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Runx2 regulates the target genes characteristic of osteoblastic phenotypes, while exerting diverse and sometimes controversial effects on osteoblastic cells depending on their differentiation stage. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is a membrane bound cytokine essential for osteo(chondro)clastogenesis. During endochondral ossification, while Runx2-positive hypertrophic chondrocytes express RANKL, the steady-state expression of the RANKL gene in osteoblastic cells is, at later stages, kept at a relatively low level to sustain the established bone. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism whereby Runx2 and the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway modulate RANKL expression, especially from the viewpoint of their functions in RANKL basic promoter activity and in chromatin structural changes in osteoblastic/stromal cells. Osteoblastic/stromal cell lines derived from normal and Runx2-deficient mice were used to analyze endogenous RANKL gene expression by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, the acetylation status of the H3 and H4 histone proteins associated with the 5'-flanking region of the RANKL gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and the exogenously transfected RANKL gene promoter activity both in the steady-state and under PKA-activated conditions. Here, we demonstrate that Runx2 suppresses steady-state RANKL gene expression by condensing chromatin, while showing a slightly positive effect on RANKL basic promoter activity. Besides acting through the CRE-like region (-0.96 kb) of the RANKL gene promoter, forskolin (FK) treatment transactivates the RANKL gene by antagonizing the function of Runx2, by reducing Runx2 mRNA expression and by opening the chromatin conformation far upstream (more than 40 kb) of the RANKL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Mori
- Department of Bioinformatics, Division of Molecular Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Ding B, Liu CJ, Huang Y, Hickey RP, Yu J, Kong W, Lengyel P. p204 Is Required for the Differentiation of P19 Murine Embryonal Carcinoma Cells to Beating Cardiac Myocytes. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:14882-92. [PMID: 16556595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511747200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 10 adult mouse tissues tested, the p204 protein levels were highest in heart and skeletal muscle. We described previously that the MyoD-inducible p204 protein is required for the differentiation of cultured murine C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblasts to myotubes. Here we report that p204 was also required for the differentiation of cultured P19 murine embryonal carcinoma stem cells to beating cardiac myocytes. As shown by others, this process can be triggered by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We established that DMSO induced the formation of 204RNA and p204. Ectopic p204 could partially substitute for DMSO in inducing differentiation, whereas ectopic 204 antisense RNA inhibited the differentiation. Experiments with reporter constructs, including regulatory regions from the Ifi204 gene (encoding p204) in P19 cells and in cultured newborn rat cardiac myocytes, as well as chromatin coimmunoprecipitations with transcription factors, revealed that p204 expression was synergistically transactivated by the cardiac Gata4, Nkx2.5, and Tbx5 transcription factors. Furthermore, ectopic p204 triggered the expression of Gata4 and Nkx2.5 in P19 cells. p204 contains a nuclear export signal and was partially translocated to the cytoplasm during the differentiation. p204 from which the nuclear export signal was deleted was not translocated, and it did not induce differentiation. The various mechanisms by which p204 promoted the differentiation are reported in the accompanying article (Ding, B., Liu, C., Huang, Y., Yu, J., Kong, W., and Lengyel, P. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 14893-14906).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
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Ding B, Liu CJ, Huang Y, Yu J, Kong W, Lengyel P. p204 protein overcomes the inhibition of the differentiation of P19 murine embryonal carcinoma cells to beating cardiac myocytes by Id proteins. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:14893-906. [PMID: 16556596 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511748200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported in the accompanying article (Ding, B., Liu, C., Huang, Y., Hickey, R. P., Yu, J., Kong, W., and Lengyel, P. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 14882-14892) that (i) the p204 protein is required for the differentiation of murine P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells to beating cardiac myocytes, and (ii) the expression of p204 in the differentiating P19 cells is synergistically transactivated by the cardiac transcription factors Gata4, Nkx2.5, and Tbx5. Here we report that endogenous or ectopic inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins inhibited the differentiation of P19 cells to myocytes. This was in consequence of the binding of Id1, Id2, or Id3 protein to the Gata4 and Nkx2.5 proteins and the resulting inhibitions (i) of the binding of these transcription factors to each other and to DNA and (ii) of their synergistic transactivation of the expression of various genes, including atrial natriuretic factor and Ifi204 (encoding p204). p204 overcame this inhibition by Id proteins in consequence of (i) binding and sequestering Id proteins, (ii) accelerating their ubiquitination and degradation by proteasomes, and (iii) decreasing the level of Id proteins in the nucleus by increasing their translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Points (ii) and (iii) depended on the presence of the nuclear export signal in p204. In the course of the differentiation, Gata4, Nkx2.5, and p204 were components of a positive feedback loop. This loop arose in consequence of it that p204 overcame the inhibition of the synergistic activity of Gata4 and Nkx2.5 by the Id proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
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Dauffy J, Mouchiroud G, Bourette RP. The interferon-inducible gene, Ifi204, is transcriptionally activated in response to M-CSF, and its expression favors macrophage differentiation in myeloid progenitor cells. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 79:173-83. [PMID: 16244109 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0205083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon-inducible (Ifi)204 gene was isolated as a macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-responsive gene using a gene trap approach in the myeloid interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent FD-Fms cell line, which differentiates in macrophages in response to M-CSF. Here, we show that Ifi204 was transcriptionally activated in response to M-CSF, and FD-Fms cells decreased their growth and committed toward a macrophage morphology; this induction was abrogated when the differentiation signal of the M-CSF receptor was blocked; the Ifi204 gene was also induced during macrophage differentiation controlled by leukemia inhibitory factor; and the Ifi204 gene is expressed in different mature monocyte/macrophage cells. Finally, we showed that enforced expression of Ifi204 strongly decreased IL-3- and M-CSF-dependent proliferation and conversely, favored macrophage differentiation of FD-Fms cells in response to M-CSF. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the Ifi204 gene is activated during macrophage development and suggest that the Ifi204 protein may act as a regulator of the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, this study suggests that other members of the Ifi family might act as regulators of hematopoiesis under the control of hemopoietic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dauffy
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 5534, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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