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Luo P, Gong Y, Weng J, Wen F, Luo J, Hu C, Xiao J, Shu J. CircKIF4A combines EIF4A3 to stabilize SDC1 expression to activate c-src/FAK and promotes TNBC progression. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110690. [PMID: 37121557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is recognized for its poor prognosis and limited options for treatment. Circular RNA KIF4A (circKIF4A) was documented to be abnormally overexpressed in TNBC and was correlated with a poor survival rate. The objective of this study is to further examine the functional role of circKIF4A and its underlying mechanism. CircKIF4A was significantly upregulated in TNBC and the knockdown of circKIF4A suppressed TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CircKIF4A was directly bound to EIF4A3, which interacted with SDC1. Knockdown of circKIF4A reduced interaction between EIF4A3 and SDC1 as well as SDC1 mRNA stability. SDC1 activated the c-src/FAK signaling pathways and finally promoted TNBC progression. circKIF4A induced TNBC progress in the in vivo mouse model via SDC1. CircKIF4A interacts with EIF4A3 to stabilize SDC1 mRNA, which activates the c-src/FAK signaling pathways and promotes TNBC progression. This may provide a potential therapy for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yanfei Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jie Weng
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Jinyong Shu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, PR China.
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Lv Y, Mou Y, Su J, Liu S, Ding X, Yuan Y, Li G, Li G. The inhibitory effect and mechanism of Resina Draconis on the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a network pharmacology-based analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3816. [PMID: 36882618 PMCID: PMC9992681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resina Draconis (RD) is known as the "holy medicine for promoting blood circulation" and possesses antitumor properties against various types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC); however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. To explore the potential mechanism of RD against BC using network pharmacology and experimental validation, data on bioactive compounds, potential targets of RD, and related genes of BC were obtained from multiple public databases. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were performed via the DAVID database. Protein interactions were downloaded from the STRING database. The mRNA and protein expression levels and survival analysis of the hub targets were analyzed using the UALCAN, HPA, Kaplan‒Meier mapper, and cBioPortal databases. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to verify the selected key ingredients and hub targets. Finally, the predicted results of network pharmacology methods were verified by cell experiments. In total, 160 active ingredients were obtained, and 148 RD target genes for the treatment of BC were identified. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that RD exerted its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating multiple pathways. Of these, the PI3K-AKT pathway was indicated to play an important role. In addition, RD treatment of BC seemed to involve the regulation of hub targets that were identified based on PPI interaction network analysis. Validation in different databases showed that AKT1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, SRC and MDM2 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of BC and that ESR1, IGF1 and HSP90AA1 were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in BC patients. Molecular docking results showed that 103 active compounds have good binding activity with the hub targets, among which flavonoid compounds were the most important active components. Therefore, the sanguis draconis flavones (SDF) were selected for subsequent cell experiments. The experimental results showed that SDF significantly inhibited the cell cycle and cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway and induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. This study has preliminarily reported on the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of RD against BC, and RD was shown to exert its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and related gene targets. Importantly, our work could provide a theoretical basis for further study of the complex anti-BC mechanism of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Lv
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Yan Mou
- Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Jing Su
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Shifang Liu
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Ge Li
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China.
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Princiotto S, Musso L, Manetti F, Marcellini V, Maga G, Crespan E, Perini C, Zaffaroni N, Beretta GL, Dallavalle S. Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of 3-(hetero) arylideneindolin-2-ones as potential c-Src inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2382-2394. [PMID: 36050846 PMCID: PMC9448371 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of c-Src is considered one of the most studied approaches to cancer treatment, with several heterocyclic compounds approved during the last 15 years as chemotherapeutic agents. Starting from the biological evaluation of an in-house collection of small molecules, indolinone was selected as the most promising scaffold. In this work, several functionalised indolinones were synthesised and their inhibitory potency and cytotoxic activity were assayed. The pharmacological profile of the most active compounds, supported by molecular modelling studies, revealed that the presence of an amino group increased the affinity towards the ATP-binding site of c-Src. At the same time, bulkier derivatizations seemed to improve the interactions within the enzymatic pocket. Overall, these data represent an early stage towards the optimisation of new, easy-to-be functionalised indolinones as potential c-Src inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Princiotto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Marcellini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM, CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM, CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM, CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Shaji SK, Drishya G, Sunilkumar D, Suravajhala P, Kumar GB, Nair BG. Systematic understanding of anti-tumor mechanisms of Tamarixetin through network and experimental analyses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3966. [PMID: 35273218 PMCID: PMC8913656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarixetin, a flavonoid derived from Quercetin, was shown to possess anti-cancer properties in various types of cancer. However, the mechanism of action of this compound is not well understood. Observations from reverse docking and network pharmacology analysis, were validated by cell based studies to analyse the chemotherapeutic potential and elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of Tamarixetin in breast cancer. In silico analysis using reverse docking and PPI analysis clearly indicated that out of 35 proteins targeted by Tamarixetin, the top 3 hub genes, namely, AKT1, ESR1 and HSP90AA1, were upregulated in breast tumor tissues and more importantly showed strong negative correlation to breast cancer patient survival. Furthermore, the KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of target proteins of Tamarixetin in 33 pathways which are mainly involved in neoplastic signalling. In vitro cell-based studies demonstrated that Tamarixetin could inhibit cell proliferation, induce ROS and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cell death. Tamarixetin induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and inhibited the migration as well as the invasion of breast cancer cells. Taken together, the combination of in silico and in vitro approaches used in the present study clearly provides evidence for the chemotherapeutic potential of Tamarixetin in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu K Shaji
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - G Drishya
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Damu Sunilkumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.
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Ramadan M, A M M Elshaier Y, Aly AA, Abdel-Aziz M, Fathy HM, Brown AB, Pridgen JR, Dalby KN, Kaoud TS. Development of 2'-aminospiro [pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline]-3'-carbonitrile derivatives as non-ATP competitive Src kinase inhibitors that suppress breast cancer cell migration and proliferation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105344. [PMID: 34598088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Src kinase activity controls diverse cellular functions, including cell growth, migration, adhesion, and survival. It is de-regulated in several cancers, including breast cancer, where it is highly expressed and phosphorylated. Thus, targeting Src by a small molecule is a feasible strategy for managing different breast cancer types. Several Src kinase inhibitors are available, including the FDA-approved drug (dasatinib). However, they are primarily ATP-competitive inhibitors that have been reported to lack specificity towards Src. We have a long-time interest in discovering protein kinase inhibitors that are non-competitive for ATP. In this project, three groups of 2'-aminospiro[pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline]-3'-carbonitrile derivatives were designed and synthesized, hypothesizing that small molecules with a spiro scaffold appended to a pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline analog could act as non-ATP competitive Src kinase inhibitors. 3b, 3c, and 3d inhibited Src kinase activity with IC50s of 4.9, 5.9, and 0.9 μM, respectively. At the same time, they did not impact the MDM2/p53 interaction in HEK293 cells, which has been reported to be affected by some spirocyclic compounds. 25 µM of 3b, 3c, or 3d did not inhibit the kinase activity of ERK2, JNK1, or p38-alpha in an in-vitro kinase assay. Steady-state kinetic studies for the effect of 3d on the ability of recombinant Src to phosphorylate its substrate (Srctide) revealed a non-ATP competitive inhibition mechanism. 1.6 µM of 3d was enough to diminish Src, Fak, and paxillin phosphorylation in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7. In the NCI screening, 3d induced broad tumor cytotoxicity for the NCI-60 cell lines, including all the breast cancer cell lines. The potency of 3b, 3c, and 3d to inhibit migration, proliferation, and colony formation of MDA-MB-231 and proliferation of MCF7 cells correlates with their potency to suppress Src kinase activity in the same cell line. Noticeably, the cell growth suppression and apoptosis induction in the tested cell lines can be attributed to the ability of the new derivatives to suppress the ERK and Akt survival pathways downstream of Src.
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Hussein UK, Ahmed AG, Choi WK, Kim KM, Park SH, Park HS, Noh SJ, Lee H, Chung MJ, Moon WS, Kang MJ, Cho DH, Jang KY. SCRIB Is Involved in the Progression of Ovarian Carcinomas in Association with the Factors Linked to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Predicts Shorter Survival of Diagnosed Patients. Biomolecules 2021; 11:405. [PMID: 33803371 PMCID: PMC8000214 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SCRIB is a polarity protein important in maintaining cell junctions. However, recent reports have raised the possibility that SCRIB might have a role in human cancers. Thus, this study evaluated the roles of SCRIB in ovarian cancers. In 102 human ovarian carcinomas, nuclear expression of SCRIB predicted shorter survival of ovarian carcinoma patients, especially in the patients who received post-operative chemotherapy. In SKOV3 and SNU119 ovarian cancer cells, overexpression of SCRIB stimulated the proliferation and invasion of cells. Knockout of SCRIB inhibited in vivo tumor growth of SKOV3 cells and overexpression of SCRIB promoted tumor growth. Overexpression of SCRIB stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by increasing the expression of N-cadherin, snail, TGF-β1, and smad2/3, and decreasing the expression of E-cadherin; the converse was observed with inhibition of SCRIB. In conclusion, this study presents the nuclear expression of SCRIB as a prognostic marker of ovarian carcinomas and suggests that SCRIB is involved in the progression of ovarian carcinomas by stimulating proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Khamis Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gamal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Won Ku Choi
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Korea;
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Sang Jae Noh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.J.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.J.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Myoung Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Woo Sung Moon
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Myoung Jae Kang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Dong Hyu Cho
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (H.S.P.); (M.J.C.); (W.S.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
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Mayoral-Varo V, Sánchez-Bailón MP, Calcabrini A, García-Hernández M, Frezza V, Martín ME, González VM, Martín-Pérez J. The Relevance of the SH2 Domain for c-Src Functionality in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030462. [PMID: 33530373 PMCID: PMC7865352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Src family kinases (SFKs) in human tumors has been always associated with tyrosine kinase activity and much less attention has been given to the SH2 and SH3 adapter domains. Here, we studied the role of the c-Src-SH2 domain in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To this end, SUM159PT and MDA-MB-231 human cell lines were employed as model systems. These cells conditionally expressed, under tetracycline control (Tet-On system), a c-Src variant with point-inactivating mutation of the SH2 adapter domain (R175L). The expression of this mutant reduced the self-renewal capability of the enriched population of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), demonstrating the importance of the SH2 adapter domain of c-Src in the mammary gland carcinogenesis. In addition, the analysis of anchorage-independent growth, proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, all processes associated with tumorigenesis, showed that the SH2 domain of c-Src plays a very relevant role in their regulation. Furthermore, the transfection of two different aptamers directed to SH2-c-Src in both SUM159PT and MDA-MB-231 cells induced inhibition of their proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, strengthening the hypothesis that this domain is highly involved in TNBC tumorigenesis. Therefore, the SH2 domain of c-Src could be a promising therapeutic target and combined treatments with inhibitors of c-Src kinase enzymatic activity may represent a new therapeutic strategy for patients with TNBC, whose prognosis is currently very negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Mayoral-Varo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A, Sols/Dpto. Bioquímica (CSIC/UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (M.P.S.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - María Pilar Sánchez-Bailón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A, Sols/Dpto. Bioquímica (CSIC/UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (M.P.S.-B.); (A.C.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annarica Calcabrini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A, Sols/Dpto. Bioquímica (CSIC/UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (M.P.S.-B.); (A.C.)
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta García-Hernández
- Grupo de Aptámeros, Servicio Bioquímica-Investigación, IRYCIS-Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. Colmenar Viejo km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (V.F.); (M.E.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Valerio Frezza
- Grupo de Aptámeros, Servicio Bioquímica-Investigación, IRYCIS-Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. Colmenar Viejo km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (V.F.); (M.E.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - María Elena Martín
- Grupo de Aptámeros, Servicio Bioquímica-Investigación, IRYCIS-Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. Colmenar Viejo km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (V.F.); (M.E.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Víctor M. González
- Grupo de Aptámeros, Servicio Bioquímica-Investigación, IRYCIS-Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. Colmenar Viejo km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (V.F.); (M.E.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Jorge Martín-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A, Sols/Dpto. Bioquímica (CSIC/UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (M.P.S.-B.); (A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-585-4416; Fax: +34-91-585-4401
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Rees M, Smith C, Barrett-Lee P, Hiscox S. PELP-1 regulates adverse responses to endocrine therapy in Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4722-4734. [PMID: 33473257 PMCID: PMC7771710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endocrine therapy has played an important role in the management of ER positive breast cancer over recent decades. Despite this, not all patients respond equally to endocrine intervention, which can lead to resistance, associated disease relapse and progression. Previous reports suggest that endocrine agents themselves may induce an invasive phenotype in ER positive breast cancers with low/aberrant expression of E-cadherin. Here we investigate this phenomenon further and provide data supporting a role for the ER co-receptor, PELP-1, in mediating an adverse response to endocrine agents. Materials and Methods: The effects of tamoxifen, fulvestrant and estrogen withdrawal (as a model for aromatase inhibitor therapy) on the invasive and migratory capacity of endocrine-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells, in the presence or absence of functional E-cadherin and/or PELP-1 (using siRNA knockdown), was assessed via Matrigel invasion and Boyden chamber migration assays. The effects of these endocrine therapies alongside E-cadherin/PELP-1 modulation on cell proliferation were further assessed by MTT assay. Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies was performed to investigate signalling pathway changes associated with endocrine-induced changes in invasion and migration. Results: Both tamoxifen and fulvestrant induced a pro-invasive and pro-migratory phenotype in ER positive breast cancer cells displaying a high basal expression of PELP-1, which was augmented in the context of poor cell-cell contact. This process occurred in a Src-dependent manner with Src inhibition reversing endocrine induced invasion/migration. While this adverse response was observed using both tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapy, it was not observed under conditions of estrogen withdrawal. Conclusions: Our data confirms previous reports that anti-estrogens induce an adverse cell phenotype in ER+ breast cancer, particularly in the absence of homotypic cell contact. These results implicate E-cadherin and PELP-1 as potential biomarkers when deciding upon optimum adjuvant endocrine therapy, whereby tumours with high PELP-1/low E-cadherin expression may benefit from estrogen withdrawal therapy via aromatase inhibition, as opposed to ER modulation/antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rees
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Smith
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Steve Hiscox
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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9
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Mayoral-Varo V, Calcabrini A, Sánchez-Bailón MP, Martínez-Costa ÓH, González-Páramos C, Ciordia S, Hardisson D, Aragón JJ, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Martín-Pérez J. c-Src functionality controls self-renewal and glucose metabolism in MCF7 breast cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235850. [PMID: 32673341 PMCID: PMC7365443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of Src kinases is associated with cancer. We previously showed that SrcDN conditional expression in MCF7 cells reduces tumorigenesis and causes tumor regression in mice. However, it remained unclear whether SrcDN affected breast cancer stem cell functionality or it reduced tumor mass. Here, we address this question by isolating an enriched population of Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) from MCF7 cells with inducible expression of SrcDN. Induction of SrcDN inhibited self-renewal, and stem-cell marker expression (Nanog, Oct3-4, ALDH1, CD44). Quantitative proteomic analyses of mammospheres from MCF7-Tet-On-SrcDN cells (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017789, project DOI: 10.6019/PXD017789) and subsequent GSEA showed that SrcDN expression inhibited glycolysis. Indeed, induction of SrcDN inhibited expression and activity of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, resulting in diminished glucose consumption and lactate production, which restricted Warburg effect. Thus, c-Src functionality is important for breast cancer stem cell maintenance and renewal, and stem cell transcription factor expression, effects linked to glucose metabolism reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Ciordia
- Servicio de Espectrometría de Masas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hardisson
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de investigaciones sanitarias del hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Aragón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de investigaciones sanitarias del hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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10
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López-Mateo I, Alonso-Merino E, Suarez-Cabrera C, Park JW, Cheng SY, Alemany S, Paramio JM, Aranda A. Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Inhibits Self-Renewal Capacity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Thyroid 2020; 30:116-132. [PMID: 31760908 PMCID: PMC6998057 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: A subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with capacity for self-renewal is believed to drive initiation, progression, and relapse of breast tumors. Methods: Since the thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) appears to suppress breast tumor growth and metastasis, we have analyzed the possibility that TRβ could affect the CSC population using MCF-7 cells grown under adherent conditions or as mammospheres, as well as inoculation into immunodeficient mice. Results: Treatment of TRβ-expressing MCF-7 cells (MCF7-TRβ cells) with the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) decreased significantly CD44+/CD24- and ALDH+ cell subpopulations, the efficiency of mammosphere formation, the self-renewal capacity of CSCs in limiting dilution assays, the expression of the pluripotency factors in the mammospheres, and tumor initiating capacity in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the hormone reduces the CSC population present within the bulk MCF7-TRβ cultures. T3 also decreased migration and invasion, a hallmark of CSCs. Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and ER-responsive genes by T3. Furthermore, among the T3-repressed genes, there was an enrichment in genes containing binding sites for transcription factors that are key determinants of luminal-type breast cancers and are required for ER binding to chromatin. Conclusion: We demonstrate a novel role of TRβ in the biology of CSCs that may be related to its action as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-Mateo
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Alonso-Merino
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jeong Won Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susana Alemany
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hosp Univ. “12 de Octubre,” Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Address correspondence to: Ana Aranda, PhD, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
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11
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Lamar JM, Xiao Y, Norton E, Jiang ZG, Gerhard GM, Kooner S, Warren JSA, Hynes RO. SRC tyrosine kinase activates the YAP/TAZ axis and thereby drives tumor growth and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2302-2317. [PMID: 30559289 PMCID: PMC6378979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When properly employed, targeted therapies are effective cancer treatments. However, the development of such therapies requires the identification of targetable drivers of cancer development and metastasis. The expression and nuclear localization of the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are increased in many human cancers, and experimental evidence indicates that aberrant YAP or TAZ activation drives tumor formation and metastasis. Although these findings make YAP and TAZ appealing therapeutic targets, both have important functions in adult tissues, so directly targeting them could cause adverse effects. The identification of pathways active in cancer cells and required for YAP/TAZ activity could provide a way to inhibit YAP and TAZ. Here, we show that SRC proto-oncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (SRC) is an important driver of YAP/TAZ activity in human breast cancer and melanoma cells. SRC activation increased YAP/TAZ activity and the expression of YAP/TAZ-regulated genes. In contrast, SRC inhibition or knockdown repressed both YAP/TAZ activity and the expression of YAP/TAZ-regulated genes. We also show that SRC increases the activity of YAP and TAZ by repressing large tumor suppressor homolog (LATS), and we identify the GTPase-activating protein GIT ArfGAP 1 (GIT1) as an SRC effector that regulates both YAP and TAZ. Importantly, we demonstrate that SRC-mediated YAP/TAZ activity promotes tumor growth and enhances metastasis and that SRC-dependent tumor progression depends, at least in part, on YAP and TAZ. Our findings suggest that therapies targeting SRC could help manage some YAP/TAZ-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lamar
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208 and .,the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208 and
| | - Emily Norton
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208 and
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Genevieve M Gerhard
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208 and
| | - Simrin Kooner
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208 and
| | - Janine S A Warren
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208 and
| | - Richard O Hynes
- the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.,Department of Biology, and
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12
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Li H, Wang Z, Jiang M, Fang RP, Shi H, Shen Y, Cai XL, Liu Q, Ye K, Fan SJ, Zhang WY, Ye LH. The oncoprotein HBXIP promotes human breast cancer growth through down-regulating p53 via miR-18b/MDM2 and pAKT/MDM2 pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1787-96. [PMID: 30181579 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is an 18-kDa protein that regulates a large number of transcription factors such as TF-IID, E2F1, SP1, STAT3, c-Myc, and LXR by serving as an oncogenic transcription coactivator and plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. We previously showed that HBXIP as an oncoprotein could enhance the promoter activity of MDM2 through coactivating p53, promoting the MDM2 transcription in breast cancer. In this study we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of MDM2/p53 interaction by HBXIP in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo. We showed that HBXIP could up-regulate MDM2 through inducing DNA methylation of miR-18b, thus suppressing the miR-18b expression, leading to the attenuation of p53 in breast cancer cells. In addition, HBXIP could promote the phosphorylation of MDM2 by increasing the level of pAKT and bind to pMDM2, subsequently enhancing the interaction between MDM2 and p53 for the down-regulation of p53 in breast cancer cells. In MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft nude mice, we also observed that overexpression of HBXIP promoted breast cancer growth through the miR-18b/MDM2 and pAKT/MDM2 pathways. In conclusion, oncoprotein HBXIP suppresses miR-18b to elevate MDM2 and activates pAKT to phosphorylate MDM2 for enhancing the interaction between MDM2 and p53, leading to p53 degradation in promotion of breast cancer growth. Our findings shed light on a novel mechanism of p53 down-regulation during the development of breast cancer.
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13
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Warren JSA, Xiao Y, Lamar JM. YAP/TAZ Activation as a Target for Treating Metastatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040115. [PMID: 29642615 PMCID: PMC5923370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) have both emerged as important drivers of cancer progression and metastasis. YAP and TAZ are often upregulated or nuclear localized in aggressive human cancers. There is abundant experimental evidence demonstrating that YAP or TAZ activation promotes cancer formation, tumor progression, and metastasis. In this review we summarize the evidence linking YAP/TAZ activation to metastasis, and discuss the roles of YAP and TAZ during each step of the metastatic cascade. Collectively, this evidence strongly suggests that inappropriate YAP or TAZ activity plays a causal role in cancer, and that targeting aberrant YAP/TAZ activation is a promising strategy for the treatment of metastatic disease. To this end, we also discuss several potential strategies for inhibiting YAP/TAZ activation in cancer and the challenges each strategy poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine S A Warren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - John M Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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14
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Abdullah C, Korkaya H, Iizuka S, Courtneidge SA. SRC Increases MYC mRNA Expression in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer via mRNA Stabilization and Inhibition of p53 Function. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00463-17. [PMID: 29263157 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00463-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor gene MYC is important in breast cancer, and its mRNA is maintained at a high level even in the absence of gene amplification. The mechanism(s) underlying increased MYC mRNA expression is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MYC mRNA was stabilized upon estrogen stimulation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells via SRC-dependent effects on a recently described RNA-binding protein, IMP1 with an N-terminal deletion (ΔN-IMP1). We also show that loss of the tumor suppressor p53 increased MYC mRNA levels even in the absence of estrogen stimulation. However, in cells with wild-type p53, SRC acted to overcome p53-mediated inhibition of estrogen-stimulated cell cycle entry and progression. SRC thus promotes cell proliferation in two ways: by stabilizing MYC mRNA and by inhibiting p53 function. Since estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers typically express wild-type p53, these studies establish a rationale for p53 status to be predictive for effective SRC inhibitor treatment in this subtype of breast cancer.
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15
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Mayoral-Varo V, Calcabrini A, Sánchez-Bailón MP, Martín-Pérez J. miR205 inhibits stem cell renewal in SUM159PT breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188637. [PMID: 29182685 PMCID: PMC5705145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
miR205 has a dual activity, as tumor suppressor and as oncogene. Here we analyzed the impact of miR205 ectopic expression in the initial tumorigenic processes of SUM159PT, a triple negative breast cancer cell line with low endogenous levels of miR205. In SUM159PT, miR205 inhibited expression of its targets VEGFA, ErbB3, Zeb1, Fyn and Lyn A/B; it reduced cell proliferation, and Myc/cyclin D1 levels, while increased p27kip1 expression. miR205 abolished anchorage-independent growth, inhibited migration and invasion, Src-kinases/Stat3 axis activation, and levels of secreted MMP9. miR205 also reduced expression of CD44 and TAZ, E2A.E12, Twist, Snail1 and CK5, associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, we show that miR205 inhibited SUM159PT cancer-stem cell renewal, expression in mammospheres of CD44 and ALDH1 stem-cell markers, TAZ, and E2A.E12. All these effects of miR205 were reverted by Anti-miR205 co-expression, demonstrating its specificity. Thus, all these results strongly suggest that ectopic expression of miR205 in SUM159PT affected several parameters associated with initial steps of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Mayoral-Varo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), 4 Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annarica Calcabrini
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), 4 Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Sánchez-Bailón
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), 4 Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín-Pérez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), 4 Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lai YH, Lin SY, Wu YS, Chen HW, Chen JJW. AC-93253 iodide, a novel Src inhibitor, suppresses NSCLC progression by modulating multiple Src-related signaling pathways. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:172. [PMID: 29132432 PMCID: PMC5683468 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tyrosine kinase Src is involved in the progression of many cancers. Moreover, inhibiting Src activity has been shown to obstruct several signaling pathways regulated by the EGFR. Thus, Src is a valuable target molecule in drug development. The purpose of this study was to identify compounds that directly or indirectly modulate Src to suppress lung cancer cell growth and motility and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these compounds. Methods Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (PC9, PC9/gef, A549, and H1975) with different EGFR statuses were tested by cytotoxicity and proliferation assays after AC-93253 iodide treatment. Src and Src-related protein expression in AC-93253 iodide-treated PC9, PC9/gef, and A549 cells were assessed by western blotting. The effects of AC-93253 iodide on cancer cell colony formation, invasion, and migration were assessed in PC9 and PC9/gef cells. The synergistic effects of gefitinib and AC-93253 iodide were evaluated by combination index (CI)-isobologram analysis in gefitinib-resistant cell lines. The efficacy of AC-93253 iodide in vivo was determined using nude mice treated with either the compound or the vehicle. Results Among the compounds, AC-93253 iodide exhibited the most potent dose-independent inhibitory effects on the activity of Src as well as on that of the Src-related proteins EGFR, STAT3, and FAK. Furthermore, AC-93253 iodide significantly suppressed cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. AC-93253 iodide sensitized tumor cells to gefitinib treatment regardless of whether the cells were gefitinib-sensitive (PC9) or resistant (H1975 and PC9/gef), indicating that it may exert synergistic effects when used in combination with established therapeutic agents. Our findings also suggested that the inhibitory effects of AC-93253 iodide on lung cancer progression may be attributable to its ability to modulate multiple proteins, including Src, PI3K, JNK, Paxillin, p130cas, MEK, ERK, and EGFR. Conclusions Our data suggest that AC-93253 iodide inhibits NSCLC cell growth and motility by regulating multiple Src-related pathways. Our findings may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies and anti-tumor drugs that may be useful for treating lung cancer in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-017-0539-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sih-Yin Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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17
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Jiang L, Gong Y, Wu K, Liu Y. Upregulation of PAG1/Cbp contributes to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promoted tumor progression and chemoresistance in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:719-727. [PMID: 29079189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)-binding protein (Cbp) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane adaptor protein which regulating Src family kinase (SFK) activities. Although SFKs are well known for their involvement in breast cancer, the function of Cbp in breast carcinogenesis upon the adipose-tumor microenvironment has not been investigated. Here, we reported that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) induced increased expression of Cbp accompanied by enhanced cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer cell MCF-7/ADR. Depletion of Cbp in breast cancer cell by RNA interference led to remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion as well as synergy with adriamycin hydrochloride to suppress the tumor growth. Furthermore, silencing of Cbp concomitantly inhibited the expression of phosphoryl of Src, AKT and mTOR signals. Our study highlights the underlying mechanism of cross interaction between ASCs and breast cancer cells, and indicates that PAG1/Cbp in breast cancer cell may modulate tumor progression and acquired chemoresistance in the ASCs-associated breast cancer microenvironment through Src and AKT/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Lu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yipeng Yang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yurong Gong
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kejin Wu
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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18
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Flaherty RL, Owen M, Fagan-Murphy A, Intabli H, Healy D, Patel A, Allen MC, Patel BA, Flint MS. Glucocorticoids induce production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and DNA damage through an iNOS mediated pathway in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:35. [PMID: 28340615 PMCID: PMC5366114 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress increases the circulating levels of the stress hormones cortisol and norepinephrine (NE). Chronic exposure to elevated stress hormones has been linked to a reduced response to chemotherapy through induction of DNA damage. We hypothesize that stress hormone signalling may induce DNA damage through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and interference in DNA repair processes, promoting tumourigenesis. METHODS Breast cancer cell lines were incubated with physiological levels of cortisol and NE in the presence and absence of receptor antagonists and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors and DNA damage measured using phosphorylated γ-H2AX. The rate of DNA repair was measured using comet assays and electrochemical sensors were used to detect ROS/RNS in the cell lysates from cells exposed to stress hormones. A syngeneic mouse model was used to assess the presence of iNOS in mammary tumours in stressed versus control animals and expression of iNOS was examined using western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Acute exposure to cortisol and NE significantly increased levels of ROS/RNS and DNA damage and this effect was diminished in the presence of receptor antagonists. Cortisol induced DNA damage and the production of RNS was further attenuated in the presence of an iNOS inhibitor. An increase in the expression of iNOS in response to psychological stress was observed in vivo and in cortisol-treated cells. Inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor-associated Src kinase also produced a decrease in cortisol-induced RNS. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids may interact with iNOS in a non-genomic manner to produce damaging levels of RNS, thus allowing an insight into the potential mechanisms by which psychological stress may impact breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L Flaherty
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Stress, Aging and Disease Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Matthew Owen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Aidan Fagan-Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Stress, Aging and Disease Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Haya Intabli
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Stress, Aging and Disease Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - David Healy
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Anika Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Stress, Aging and Disease Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Marcus C Allen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Stress, Aging and Disease Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Bhavik A Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Stress, Aging and Disease Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Stress, Aging and Disease Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
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Ventura C, Núñez M, Gaido V, Pontillo C, Miret N, Randi A, Cocca C. Hexachlorobenzene alters cell cycle by regulating p27-cyclin E-CDK2 and c-Src-p27 protein complexes. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Qian XL, Zhang J, Li PZ, Lang RG, Li WD, Sun H, Liu FF, Guo XJ, Gu F, Fu L. Dasatinib inhibits c-src phosphorylation and prevents the proliferation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells which overexpress Syndecan-Binding Protein (SDCBP). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171169. [PMID: 28141839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) progresses rapidly but lacks effective targeted therapies. Our previous study showed that downregulating syndecan-binding protein (SDCBP) in TNBC inhibits the proliferation of TNBC cells. Dasatinib is a new small-molecule inhibitor of c-src phosphorylation. The aim of this study was to investigate if SDCBP is a potential marker to indicate whether a TNBC is suitable for dasatinib therapy. This study applied co-immunoprecipitation to identify the interaction between SDCBP and c-src in TNBC cell lines. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate SDCBP and tyrosine-419 phosphorylated c-src (p-c-src-Y419) expression in TNBC tissues. SDCBP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells were then constructed to evaluate the effects of dasatinib on SDCBP-induced TNBC progression in vitro and tumor formation in nude mice. We found wild-type SDCBP interacted with c-src and promoted the phosphorylation of c-src; this phosphorylation was completely blocked by dasatinib. SDCBP lacking the PDZ domain had no such effect. Among the 52 consecutive random TNBC cases examined, the expression of SDCBP was consistent with that of p-c-src-Y419, and positively correlated with histological grading or Ki-67 levels. SDCBP overexpression significantly accelerated the proliferation and cell cycle progression of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231; these effects were prevented by dasatinib treatment. However, the subsequent inhibition of p27 expression partially restored the proliferation and viability of the TNBC cells. The results of this study suggest that SDCBP interacts with c-src, regulates G1/S in TNBC cells, and enhances tumor cell proliferation by promoting the tyrosine phosphorylation of c-src at residue 419. Dasatinib inhibits such phosphorylation and blocks SDCBP-induced cell cycle progression. Therefore, SDCBP might be an important marker for identifying TNBC cases that are suitable for dasatinib therapy.
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Ye C, Han X, Yu Z, Zhang E, Wang L, Liu H. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Activates c-Src To Promote α4β1 Integrin-Dependent Viral Entry by Modulating the Downstream Akt-RhoA GTPase-Actin Rearrangement Cascade. J Virol 2017; 91:e01891-16. [PMID: 27881656 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01891-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While the entry of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is initiated by the binding of the virus to the two major receptors integrin and HSP90, the signaling events after receptor binding and how they contribute to virus entry remain elusive. We show here that IBDV activates c-Src by inducing the phosphorylation of the Y416 residue in c-Src both in DF-1 chicken fibroblasts and in vivo in the bursa of Fabricius from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Importantly, inactivated IBDV fails to stimulate c-Src Y416 phosphorylation, and a very virulent IBDV strain induces a much higher level of c-Src Y416 phosphorylation than does an attenuated strain. Inhibition of c-Src activation by an Src kinase inhibitor or expression of a c-Src dominant negative mutant results in a significant decrease in the internalization of IBDV but has little effect on virus adhesion. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) downregulation of integrin, either the α4 or β1 subunit, but not HSP90 remarkably attenuates IBDV-induced c-Src Y416 phosphorylation, resulting in a decrease in IBDV internalization but not virus adhesion. Moreover, interestingly, inhibition of either c-Src downstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-RhoA signaling cascade or actin rearrangement leads to a significant decrease in IBDV internalization irrespective of the IBDV-induced high levels of c-Src phosphorylation. Cumulatively, our results suggest a novel feed-forward model whereby IBDV activates c-Src for benefiting its cell entry via an integrin-mediated pathway by the activation of downstream PI3K/Akt-RhoA signaling and cytoskeleton actin rearrangement. IMPORTANCE While IBDV-caused immunosuppression is highly related to viral invasion, the molecular basis of the cellular entry of IBDV remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that IBDV activates c-Src by inducing the phosphorylation of the Y416 residue in c-Src to promote virus internalization but not virus adhesion. The ability to induce the level of c-Src Y416 phosphorylation correlates with the pathogenicity of an IBDV strain. IBDV-induced c-Src Y416 activation is α4β1 integrin but not HSP90 dependent and involves the activation of the downstream PI3K/Akt-RhoA GTPase-actin rearrangement cascade. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the IBDV infection process and the potential for c-Src as a candidate target for the development of IBDV therapeutic drugs.
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Espada J, Martín-Pérez J. An Update on Src Family of Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinases Biology. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology 2017; 331:83-122. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sánchez-Bailón MP, Calcabrini A, Mayoral-Varo V, Molinari A, Wagner KU, Losada JP, Ciordia S, Albar JP, Martín-Pérez J. Cyr61 as mediator of Src signaling in triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13520-38. [PMID: 25980494 PMCID: PMC4537031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SFKs are involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here we analyzed c-Src contribution to initial steps of metastasis by tetracycline-dependent expression of a specific shRNA-c-Src, which suppressed c-Src mRNA and protein levels in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. c-Src suppression did not alter cell proliferation or survival, but it significantly reduced anchorage-independent growth. Concomitantly with diminished tyrosine-phosphorylation/activation of Fak, caveolin-1, paxillin and p130CAS, c-Src depletion also inhibited cellular migration, invasion and transendothelial migration. Quantitative proteomic analyses of the secretome showed that Cyr61 levels, which were detected in the exosomal fraction, were diminished upon shRNA-c-Src expression. In contrast, Cyr61 expression was unaltered inside cells. Cyr61 partially colocalized with cis-Golgi gp74 marker and with exosomal marker CD63, but c-Src depletion did not alter their cellular distribution. In SUM159PT cells, transient c-Src suppression also reduced secreted exosomal Cyr61 levels. Furthermore, conditional expression of a c-Src dominant negative mutant (SrcDN, c-Src-K295M/Y527F) in MDA-MB-231 and in SUM159PT diminished secreted Cyr61 as well. Cyr61 transient suppression in MDA-MB-231 inhibited invasion and transendothelial migration. Finally, in both MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT, a neutralizing Cyr61 antibody restrained migration. Collectively, these results suggest that c-Src regulates secreted proteins, including the exosomal Cyr61, which are involved in modulating the metastatic potential of triple negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Sánchez-Bailón
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Annarica Calcabrini
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Dipartimento Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma 00161, Italy
| | - Víctor Mayoral-Varo
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Agnese Molinari
- Dipartimento Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma 00161, Italy
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Jesús Pérez Losada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CSIC/USAL), Campus Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Albar
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Wu X, Yang L, Zheng Z, Li Z, Shi J, Li Y, Han S, Gao J, Tang C, Su L, Hu D. Src promotes cutaneous wound healing by regulating MMP-2 through the ERK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:639-48. [PMID: 26821191 PMCID: PMC4771097 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly orchestrated, multistep process, and delayed wound healing is a significant symptomatic clinical problem. Keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization play the most important roles in wound healing, as they determine the rate of wound healing. In our previous study, we found that Src, one of the oldest proto-oncogenes encoding a membrane-associated, non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, promotes keratinocyte migration. We therefore hypothesized that Src promotes wound healing through enhanced keratinocyte migration. In order to test this hypothesis, vectors for overexpressing Src and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for silencing of Src were used in the present study. We found that the overexpression of Src accelerated keratinocyte migration in vitro and promoted wound healing in vivo without exerting a marked effect on cell proliferation. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways play important roles in Src-accelerated keratinocyte migration. Further experiments demonstrated that Src induced the protein expression of matrix metallopro-teinase-2 (MMP-2) and decreased the protein expression of E-cadherin. We suggest that ERK signaling is involved in the Src-mediated regulation of MMP-2 expression. The present study provided evidence that Src promotes keratinocyte migration and cutaneous wound healing, in which the regulation of MMP-2 through the ERK pathway plays an important role, and thus we also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Src in cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Gao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chaowu Tang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Li R, Zhang K, Penedo TL, Kragel CP, Grizzle WE, Hameed O, Siegal GP, Wei S. The RANK Pathway in Advanced Breast Cancer: Does Src Play a Role? Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:42-50. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Machiyama H, Yamaguchi T, Sawada Y, Watanabe TM, Fujita H. SH3 domain of c-Src governs its dynamics at focal adhesions and the cell membrane. FEBS J 2015; 282:4034-55. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Research Institute; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities; Saitama Japan
| | - Tomonobu M. Watanabe
- Immunology Frontier Research Center; Osaka University; Suita Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center; Riken; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Immunology Frontier Research Center; Osaka University; Suita Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center; Riken; Suita Osaka Japan
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Li H, Liu Q, Wang Z, Fang R, Shen Y, Cai X, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Ye L. The oncoprotein HBXIP modulates the feedback loop of MDM2/p53 to enhance the growth of breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22649-61. [PMID: 26229107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 and p53 form a negative feedback loop, in which p53 as a transcription factor positively regulates MDM2 and MDM2 negatively regulates tumor suppressor p53 through promoting its degradation. However, the mechanism of the feedback loop is poorly understood in cancers. We had reported previously that the oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is a key oncoprotein in the development of cancer. Thus, we supposed that HBXIP might be involved in the event. Here, we observed that the expression levels of HBXIP were positively correlated to those of MDM2 in clinical breast cancer tissues. Interestingly, HBXIP was able to up-regulate MDM2 at the levels of mRNA and protein in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mechanically, HBXIP increased the promoter activities of MDM2 through directly binding to p53 in the P2 promoter of MDM2. Strikingly, we identified that the acetyltransferase p300 was recruited by HBXIP to p53 in the promoter of MDM2. Moreover, we validated that HBXIP enhanced the p53 degradation mediated by MDM2. Functionally, the knockdown of HBXIP or/and p300 inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro, and the depletion of MDM2 or overexpression of p53 significantly blocked the HBXIP-promoted growth of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we concluded that highly expressed HBXIP accelerates the MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 in breast cancer through modulating the feedback loop of MDM2/p53, resulting in the fast growth of breast cancer cells. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of the acceleration of the MDM2/p53 feedback loop in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | - Qian Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | - Zhen Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | | | - Yu Shen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
| | | | - Yuen Gao
- the Department of Cancer Research, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Xiaodong Zhang
- the Department of Cancer Research, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- From the Department of Biochemistry and
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Liu Z, Lu D, Wang X, Wan J, Liu C, Zhang H. Kindlin-2 phosphorylation by Src at Y193 enhances Src activity and is involved in Migfilin recruitment to the focal adhesions. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2001-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Larsen SL, Laenkholm AV, Duun-Henriksen AK, Bak M, Lykkesfeldt AE, Kirkegaard T. SRC drives growth of antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cell lines and is a marker for reduced benefit of tamoxifen treatment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118346. [PMID: 25706943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms leading to antiestrogen resistance in estrogen-receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was therefore to identify biomarkers and novel treatments for antiestrogen resistant breast cancer. We performed a kinase inhibitor screen on antiestrogen responsive T47D breast cancer cells and T47D-derived tamoxifen and fulvestrant resistant cell lines. We found that dasatinib, a broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor, inhibited growth of the antiestrogen resistant cells compared to parental T47D cells. Furthermore western blot analysis showed increased expression and phosphorylation of Src in the resistant cells and that dasatinib inhibited phosphorylation of Src and also signaling via Akt and Erk in all cell lines. Immunoprecipitation revealed Src: ER complexes only in the parental T47D cells. In fulvestrant resistant cells, Src formed complexes with the Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor (HER)1 and HER2. Neither HER receptors nor ER were co-precipitated with Src in the tamoxifen resistant cell lines. Compared to treatment with dasatinib alone, combined treatment with dasatinib and fulvestrant had a stronger inhibitory effect on tamoxifen resistant cell growth, whereas dasatinib in combination with tamoxifen had no additive inhibitory effect on fulvestrant resistant growth. When performing immunohistochemical staining on 268 primary tumors from breast cancer patients who had received tamoxifen as first line endocrine treatment, we found that membrane expression of Src in the tumor cells was significant associated with reduced disease-free and overall survival. In conclusion, Src was identified as target for treatment of antiestrogen resistant T47D breast cancer cells. For tamoxifen resistant T47D cells, combined treatment with dasatinib and fulvestrant was superior to treatment with dasatinib alone. Src located at the membrane has potential as a new biomarker for reduced benefit of tamoxifen.
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Alao JP, Michlikova S, Dinér P, Grøtli M, Sunnerhagen P. Selective inhibition of RET mediated cell proliferation in vitro by the kinase inhibitor SPP86. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:853. [PMID: 25409876 PMCID: PMC4252022 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RET tyrosine kinase receptor has emerged as a target in thyroid and endocrine resistant breast cancer. We previously reported the synthesis of kinase inhibitors with potent activity against RET. Herein, we have further investigated the effect of the lead compound SPP86 on RET mediated signaling and proliferation. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that SPP86 may be useful for studying the cellular activity of RET. METHODS We compared the effects of SPP86 on RET-induced signaling and proliferation in thyroid cancer cell lines expressing RET-PTC1 (TPC1), or the activating mutations BRAFV600E (8505C) and RASG13R (C643). The effect of SPP86 on RET- induced phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK pathway signaling and cell proliferation in MCF7 breast cancer cells was also investigated. RESULTS SPP86 inhibited MAPK signaling and proliferation in RET/PTC1 expressing TPC1 but not 8505C or C643 cells. In TPC1 cells, the inhibition of RET phosphorylation required co-exposure to SPP86 and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF573228. In MCF7 cells, SPP86 inhibited RET- induced phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK signaling and estrogen receptorα (ERα) phosphorylation, and inhibited proliferation to a similar degree as tamoxifen. Interestingly, SPP86 and PF573228 inhibited RET/PTC1 and GDNF- RET induced activation of Akt and MAPK signaling to a similar degree. CONCLUSION SPP86 selectively inhibits RET downstream signaling in RET/PTC1 but not BRAFV600E or RASG13R expressing cells, indicating that downstream kinases were not affected. SPP86 also inhibited RET signaling in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Additionally, RET- FAK crosstalk may play a key role in facilitating PTC1/RET and GDNF- RET induced activation of Akt and MAPK signaling in TPC1 and MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Alao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Zhang XX, Li HD, Zhao S, Zhao L, Song HJ, Wang G, Guo QJ, Luan ZD, Su RJ. The cell surface GRP78 facilitates the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:917296. [PMID: 24383061 DOI: 10.1155/2013/917296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasion is a major characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma and one of the main causes of refractory to treatment. We have previously reported that GRP78 promotes the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma although the mechanism underlying this change remains uncertain. In this paper, we explored the role of the cell surface GRP78 in the regulation of cancer cell invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We found that neutralization of the endogenous cell surface GRP78 with the anti-GRP78 antibody inhibited the adhesion and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Mahlavu and SMMC7721. However, forced expression of the cell surface GRP78 facilitated the adhesion and invasion in SMMC7721. We further demonstrated that inhibition of the endogenous cell surface GRP78 specifically inhibited the secretion and activity of MMP-2 but did not affect the secretion and activity of MMP-9. We also found that inhibition of the cell surface GRP78 increased E-Cadherin expression and decreased N-Cadherin level. On the contrary, forced expression of the cell surface GRP78 increased N-Cadherin expression and decreased E-Cadherin level, suggesting that the cell surface GRP78 plays critical role in the regulation of EMT process. These findings suggest that the cell surface GRP78 plays a stimulatory role in the invasion process and may be a potential anti-invasion target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Chang AY, Wang M. Molecular mechanisms of action and potential biomarkers of growth inhibition of dasatinib (BMS-354825) on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:267. [PMID: 23721490 PMCID: PMC3680296 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular targeted therapy has emerged as a promising treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One potential target is the Src family Kinase (SFK). C-Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase is a critical link of multiple signal pathways that regulate proliferation, invasion, survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a novel SFK inhibitor, dasatinib (BMS-354825), on SFK/FAK/p130CAS, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK and Stats pathways in 9 HCC cell lines. Methods Growth inhibition was assessed by MTS assay. EGFR, Src and downstream proteins FAK, Akt, MAPK42/44, Stat3 expressions were measured by western blot. Cell adhesion, migration and invasion were performed with and without dasatinib treatment. Results The IC50 of 9 cell lines ranged from 0.7 μM ~ 14.2 μM. In general the growth inhibition by dasatinib was related to total Src (t-Src) and the ratio of activated Src (p-Src) to t-Src. There was good correlation of the sensitivity to dasatinib and the inhibition level of p-Src, p-FAK576/577 and p-Akt. No inhibition was found on Stat3 and MAPK42/44 in all cell lines. The inhibition of cell adhesion, migration and invasion were correlated with p-FAK inhibition. Conclusion Dasatinib inhibits the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro via inhibiting of Src tyrosine kinase and affecting SFK/FAK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt, but not Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and JAK/Stat pathways. T-Src and p-Src/t-Src may be useful biomarkers to select HCC patients for dasatinib treatment.
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Rafinejad A, Fallah-Tafti A, Tiwari R, Shirazi AN, Mandal D, Shafiee A, Parang K, Foroumadi A, Akbarzadeh T. 4-Aryl-4H-naphthopyrans derivatives: one-pot synthesis, evaluation of Src kinase inhibitory and anti-proliferative activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:100. [PMID: 23351304 PMCID: PMC3599540 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background A series of 2-amino-4-aryl-4H-benzo[h or f]chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of Src kinase and cell proliferation in breast carcinoma (BT-20) cell lines. Methods The one-pot, three-component reaction of α or β-naphthol, malonitrile and an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of diammonium hydrogen phosphate was afforded the corresponding 2-amino-4-aryl-4H-benzo[h or f]chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives, All target compounds were evaluated for inhibition of Src kinase and cell proliferation in breast carcinoma (BT-20) cell lines. Results Among all tested compounds, unsubstituted 4-phenyl analog 4a showed Src kinas inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 28.1 μM and was the most potent compound in this series. In general, the compounds were moderately active against BT-20. 3-Nitro-phenyl 4e and 3-pyridinyl 4h derivatives inhibited the cell proliferation of BT-20 cells by 33% and 31.5%, respectively, and found to be more potent compared to doxorubicin (25% inhibition of cell growth). Conclusion The data indicate that 4-aryl-4H-naphthopyrans scaffold has the potential to be optimized further for designing more potent Src kinase inhibitors and/or anticancer lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafinejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design & Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Marhefka JN, Abbud-Antaki RA. Validation of the Cancer BioChip System as a 3D siRNA screening tool for breast cancer targets. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46086. [PMID: 23049944 PMCID: PMC3458802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have revealed that breast cancer consists of a complex biological process with patient-specific genetic variations, revealing the need for individualized cancer diagnostic testing and selection of patient-specific optimal therapies. One of the bottlenecks in translation of genomic breakthroughs to the clinic is the lack of functional genomic assays that have high clinical translatability. Anchorage-independent three-dimensional (3D) growth assays are considered to be the gold-standard for chemosensitivity testing, and leads identified with these assays have high probability of clinical success. The Cancer BioChip System (CBCS) allows for the simultaneous, quantitative, and real time evaluation of multitudes of anchorage-independent breast cancer cell growth inhibitors. We employed a Test Cancer BioChip that contains silencing RNAs (siRNAs) targeting cancer-related genes to identify 3D-specific effectors of breast cancer cell growth. We compared the effect of these siRNAs on colony growth of the hormone receptor positive (MCF7) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/c- Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 (HER2/c-erb-b2) positive (SK-BR-3) cells on the Test Cancer BioChip. Our results confirmed cell-specific inhibition of MCF7 and SK-BR-3 colony formation by estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and (ERBB2) siRNA, respectively. Both cell lines were also suppressed by Phosphoinositide-3-kinase Catalytic, alpha Polypeptide (PIK3CA) siRNA. Interestingly, we have observed responses to siRNA that are unique to this 3D setting. For example, ß-actin (ACTB) siRNA suppressed colony growth in both cell types while Cathepsin L2 (CTSL2) siRNA caused opposite effects. These results further validate the importance of the CBCS as a tool for the identification of clinically relevant breast cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie N. Marhefka
- Falcon Genomics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rula A. Abbud-Antaki
- Falcon Genomics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee KM, Ju JH, Jang K, Yang W, Yi JY, Noh DY, Shin I. CD24 regulates cell proliferation and transforming growth factor β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition through modulation of integrin β1 stability. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2132-42. [PMID: 22800863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the role of CD24 in breast cancer cells, we knocked down CD24 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by retroviral delivery of shRNA. MCF-7 cells with knocked down CD24 (MCF-7 hCD24 shRNA) exhibited decreased cell proliferation and cell adhesion as compared to control MCF-7 mCD24 shRNA cells. Decreased proliferation of MCF-7 hCD24 shRNA cells resulted from the inhibition of cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. The specific inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling by CD24 ablation might be responsible for the inhibition of cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of Src/FAK and TGF-β1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition was also down-regulated in MCF-7 hCD24 shRNA cells. Reduced Src/FAK activity was caused by a decrease in integrin β1 bound with CD24 and subsequent destabilization of integrin β1. Our results suggest that down-regulation of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling via Src/FAK may be dependent on integrin β1 function and that this mechanism is largely responsible for the CD24 ablation-induced decreases in cell proliferation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Sánchez-Bailón MP, Calcabrini A, Gómez-Domínguez D, Morte B, Martín-Forero E, Gómez-López G, Molinari A, Wagner KU, Martín-Pérez J. Src kinases catalytic activity regulates proliferation, migration and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1276-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Anbalagan M, Moroz K, Ali A, Carrier L, Glodowski S, Rowan BG. Subcellular localization of total and activated Src kinase in African American and Caucasian breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33017. [PMID: 22457730 PMCID: PMC3310861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase is elevated in cancer with expression and activity correlated with cell proliferation, adhesion, survival, motility, metastasis and angiogenesis. There is limited data on Src expression and subcellular localization in breast cancer and no information about expression in racial/ethnic groups. Methodology/Principal Findings The present study evaluated Src expression, activity, and subcellular localization in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and ERα positive breast cancer (ER+BC), cancer tissue and adjacent normal epithelial ducts, and Caucasian and African American cases. 79 paraffin embedded breast carcinoma cases were obtained from Tulane University Hospital between 2007–2009. 39 cases represented TNBC (33-African Americans, 4-Caucasians, 2-unknowns) and 40 cases represented ER+BC (21-African Americans, 16-Caucasians, 3-unknowns). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure staining distribution and intensity of total Src and activated phospho-SrcY416 (p-Y416Src) in carcinoma tissue and adjacent normal mammary ducts. In TNBC and ER+BC, total Src was significantly higher in cancer compared to adjacent normal ducts (P<0.0001) in both cell membrane and cytoplasm. In membranes, p-Y416Src was elevated in cancer compared to normal ducts. Total Src in the tumor cytoplasm was significantly higher in TNBC compared to ER+BC (P = 0.0028); conversely, p-Y416Src in the tumor cell membranes was higher in TNBC compared to ER+BC (P = 0.0106). Comparison between African American (n = 21) and Caucasian ER+BC (n = 16) revealed no significant difference in expression and localization of total Src and p-Y416Src. TNBC cases positive for lymph node metastasis showed elevated membrane p-Y416Src compared to lymph node negative TNBC (P = 0.027). Conclusion/Significance Total Src and p-Y416Src were expressed higher in cancer compared to adjacent normal ducts. Cytoplasmic total Src and membrane p-Y416Src were significantly higher in TNBC compared to ER+BC. TNBC cases with lymph node metastasis showed elevated membrane p-Y416Src. Taken together, Src was elevated in the membrane and cytoplasm of more aggressive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Section of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alaa Ali
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Latonya Carrier
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Seth Glodowski
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brian G. Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Horii Y, Shen J, Fujisaki Y, Yoshida K, Nagai K. Effects of L-carnosine on splenic sympathetic nerve activity and tumor proliferation. Neurosci Lett 2012; 510:1-5. [PMID: 22240100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
l-Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine), a dipeptide of the amino acids β-alanine and histidine, is found in mammalian tissues including those in the central nervous system and in skeletal muscles. In the present study, we examined the effects of intraduodenal (ID) injection of l-carnosine on splenic sympathetic nerve activity (splenic-SNA) in urethane-anesthetized rats and found that ID injection of 3.3mg/kg of body weight of l-carnosine significantly suppressed splenic-SNA. Since it has been suggested that splenic-SNA reduction increases natural killer (NK) activity of splenic cells, which in turn elevates tumor immunity, we then investigated the effect of l-carnosine on the proliferation of human colon cancer cells transplanted into athymic nude mice. The findings of this study revealed that 1mg/mL of l-carnosine solution given as the only drinking water inhibited tumor proliferation. These results suggest that l-carnosine suppresses splenic-SNA and inhibits cancer cell proliferation, probably by elevating NK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Horii
- ANBAS Corporation, 4-12-17, Toyosaki, Kita-Ku, Osaka 531-0072, Japan.
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Lee YM, Lee JY, Ho CC, Hong QS, Yu SL, Tzeng CR, Yang PC, Chen HW. miRNA-34b as a tumor suppressor in estrogen-dependent growth of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R116. [PMID: 22113133 PMCID: PMC3326558 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estrogen is involved in several physiological and pathological processes through estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated transcriptional gene regulation. miRNAs (miRs), which are noncoding RNA genes, may respond to estrogen and serve as posttranscriptional regulators in tumorigenic progression, especially in breast cancer; however, only limited information about this possibility is available. In the present study, we identified the estrogen-regulated miR-34b and investigated its functional role in breast cancer progression. Methods Estrogen-regulated miRNAs were identified by using a TaqMan low density array. Our in vivo Tet-On system orthotopic model revealed the tumor-suppressive ability of miR-34b. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated miR-34b were regulated by p53-ER interaction. Results In this study, we identified one such estrogen downregulated miRNA, miR-34b, as an oncosuppressor that targets cyclin D1 and Jagged-1 (JAG1) in an ER+/wild-type p53 breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), as well as in ovarian and endometrial cells, but not in ER-negative or mutant p53 breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MBA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-435). There is a negative association between ERα and miR-34b expression levels in ER+ breast cancer patients. Tet-On induction of miR-34b can cause inhibition of tumor growth and cell proliferation. Also, the overexpression of miR-34b inhibited ER+ breast tumor growth in an orthotopic mammary fat pad xenograft mouse model. Further validation indicated that estrogen's inhibition of miR-34b expression was mediated by interactions between ERα and p53, not by DNA methylation regulation. The xenoestrogens diethylstilbestrol and zeranol also showed similar estrogenic effects by inhibiting miR-34b expression and by restoring the protein levels of the miR-34b targets cyclin D1 and JAG1 in MCF-7 cells. Conclusions These findings reveal that miR-34b is an oncosuppressor miRNA requiring both ER+ and wild-type p53 phenotypes in breast cancer cells. These results improve our ability to develop new therapeutic strategies to target the complex estrogenic pathway in human breast cancer progression through miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ming Lee
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No, 1, Sec, 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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Chen PH, Peng CY, Pai HC, Teng CM, Chen CC, Yang CR. Denbinobin suppresses breast cancer metastasis through the inhibition of Src-mediated signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:732-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bernier AJ, Zhang J, Lillehoj E, Shaw ARE, Gunasekara N, Hugh JC. Non-cysteine linked MUC1 cytoplasmic dimers are required for Src recruitment and ICAM-1 binding induced cell invasion. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:93. [PMID: 21798038 PMCID: PMC3161956 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mucin MUC1, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, is overexpressed in breast cancer and has been correlated with increased metastasis. We were the first to report binding between MUC1 and Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is expressed on stromal and endothelial cells throughout the migratory tract of a metastasizing breast cancer cell. Subsequently, we found that MUC1/ICAM-1 binding results in pro-migratory calcium oscillations, cytoskeletal reorganization, and simulated transendothelial migration. These events were found to involve Src kinase, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase also implicated in breast cancer initiation and progression. Here, we further investigated the mechanism of MUC1/ICAM-1 signalling, focusing on the role of MUC1 dimerization in Src recruitment and pro-metastatic signalling. Methods To assay MUC1 dimerization, we used a chemical crosslinker which allowed for the detection of dimers on SDS-PAGE. We then generated MUC1 constructs containing an engineered domain which allowed for manipulation of dimerization status through the addition of ligands to the engineered domain. Following manipulation of dimerization, we immunoprecipitated MUC1 to investigate recruitment of Src, or assayed for our previously observed ICAM-1 binding induced events. To investigate the nature of MUC1 dimers, we used both non-reducing SDS-PAGE and generated a mutant construct lacking cysteine residues. Results We first demonstrate that the previously observed MUC1/ICAM-1signalling events are dependent on the activity of Src kinase. We then report that MUC1 forms constitutive cytoplasmic domain dimers which are necessary for Src recruitment, ICAM-1 induced calcium oscillations and simulated transendothelial migration. The dimers are not covalently linked constitutively or following ICAM-1 binding. In contrast to previously published reports, we found that membrane proximal cysteine residues were not involved in dimerization or ICAM-1 induced signalling. Conclusions Our data implicates non-cysteine linked MUC1 dimerization in cell signalling pathways required for cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn J Bernier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 3-70 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Anbalagan M, Carrier L, Glodowski S, Hangauer D, Shan B, Rowan BG. KX-01, a novel Src kinase inhibitor directed toward the peptide substrate site, synergizes with tamoxifen in estrogen receptor α positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 132:391-409. [PMID: 21509526 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
KX-01 is the first clinical Src inhibitor of the novel peptidomimetic class that targets the peptide substrate site of Src providing more specificity toward Src kinase. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of KX-01 as a single agent and in combination with tamoxifen (TAM) on cell growth and apoptosis of ERα positive breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry demonstrated that KX-01 induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Immunofluorescent staining for mitotic phase markers and TUNEL staining indicated that cells had arrested in the mitotic phase and mitotic arrested cells were undergoing apoptosis. KX-01 induced nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1, and activation of CDK1, MPM2, and Cdc25C that is required for progression past the G2/M checkpoint. Apoptosis resulted from activation of caspases 6, 7, 8, and 9. Combinational index analysis revealed that combinations of KX-01 with TAM resulted in synergistic growth inhibition of breast cancer cell lines. KX-01 combined with TAM resulted in decreased ERα phosphorylation at Src-regulated phosphorylation sites serines 118 and 167 that were associated with reduced ERα transcriptional activity. Orally administered KX-01 resulted in a dose dependent growth inhibition of MCF-7 tumor xenografts, and in combination with TAM exhibited synergistic growth inhibition. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that combinational treatment reduced angiogenesis, and ERα signaling in tumors compared to either drug alone that may underlie the synergistic tumor growth inhibition. Combinations of KX-01 with endocrine therapy present a promising new strategy for clinical management of ERα positive breast cancer.
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Sen B, Johnson FM. Regulation of SRC family kinases in human cancers. J Signal Transduct 2011; 2011:865819. [PMID: 21776389 DOI: 10.1155/2011/865819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Src plays a crucial role in the signal transduction pathways involved in cell division, motility, adhesion, and survival in both normal and cancer cells. Although the Src family kinases (SFKs) are activated in various types of cancers, the exact mechanisms through which they contribute to the progression of individual tumors remain to be defined. The activation of Src in human cancers may occur through a variety of mechanisms that include domain interaction and structural remodeling in response to various activators or upstream kinases and phosphatastes. Because of Src's prominent roles in invasion and tumor progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and the development of metastasis, Src is a promising target for cancer therapy. Several small molecule inhibitors of Src are currently being investigated in clinical trials. In this article, we will summarize the mechanisms regulating Src kinase activity in normal and cancer cells and discuss the status of Src inhibitor development against various types of cancers.
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Mitra R, Guo Z, Milani M, Mesaros C, Rodriguez M, Nguyen J, Luo X, Clarke D, Lamba J, Schuetz E, Donner DB, Puli N, Falck JR, Capdevila J, Gupta K, Blair IA, Potter DA. CYP3A4 mediates growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells in part by inducing nuclear translocation of phospho-Stat3 through biosynthesis of (±)-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17543-59. [PMID: 21402692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.198515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4 expression in breast cancer correlates with decreased overall survival, but the mechanisms are unknown. Cytochrome P450 gene profiling by RNAi silencing demonstrates that CYP3A or 2C8 gene expression is specifically required for growth of the breast cancer lines MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231. CYP3A4 silencing blocks the cell cycle at the G(2)/M checkpoint and induces apoptosis in the MCF7 line, thereby inhibiting anchorage-dependent growth and survival. CYP3A4 was profiled for NADPH-dependent arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and synthesized AA epoxygenase products (±)-8,9-, (±)-11,12-, and (±)-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) (total turnover of ∼2 pmol/pmol CYP3A4/min) but not hydroxylase products (±)-15-, (±)-19-, or 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Furthermore, eicosanoid profiling revealed that MCF7 cells synthesize EETs in a CYP3A4-dependent manner. The (±)-14,15-EET regioisomer selectively rescues breast cancer cells from CYP3A4 silencing in a concentration-dependent fashion and promotes mitogenesis and anchorage-dependent cloning. Stat3 (Tyr-705) phosphorylation was inhibited by CYP3A4 silencing, providing a potential mechanism for CYP3A4 involvement in breast cancer cell growth. Silencing Stat3 blocks breast cancer cell growth and abrogates (±)-14,15-EET-induced proliferation, indicating a Stat3 requirement for (±)-14,15-EET-mediated cell growth. Although silencing of CYP3A4 reduces nuclear Tyr(P)-705-Stat3, (±)-14,15-EET restores this signaling process and promotes Tyr(P)-705-Stat3 translocation to the nucleus, suggesting that (±)-14,15-EET may be involved in an autocrine/paracrine pathway driving cell growth. These studies indicate that CYP3A4 is a highly active AA epoxygenase that promotes Stat3-mediated breast cancer cell growth in part through (±)-14,15-EET biosynthesis. Furthermore, these studies indicate an essential role for Stat3 as a mediator of epoxygenase activity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Mitra
- From the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Tárrega C, Cejudo-Marín R, Frijhoff J, Sandin A, Ostman A, Pulido R. Differential up-regulation of MAP kinase phosphatases MKP3/DUSP6 and DUSP5 by Ets2 and c-Jun converge in the control of the growth arrest versus proliferation response of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to phorbol ester. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26417-30. [PMID: 20554528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Different levels of regulation account for the inactivation of MAP kinases by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), in a cell type- and stimuli-dependent manner. MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells treated with the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) suffer growth arrest and show morphological alterations, which depend on the activation of the ERK1/2 MAP kinases. MKP3/DUSP6 and DUSP5 MAP kinase phosphatases, two negative regulators of ERK1/2, were specifically up-regulated in MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells in response to PMA. MKP3 and DUSP5 up-regulation required the prolonged activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, and correlated with the shutdown of this route. MKP3 induction relied on the activation of the Ets2 transcription factor, whereas DUSP5 induction depended on the activation of c-Jun. Diminishing the expression of MKP3 and DUSP5 raised the activation of ERK1/2, and accelerated growth arrest of PMA-treated MCF-7 cells. Conversely, MCF-7 cell lines expressing high levels of MKP3 or DUSP5 did not undergo PMA-triggered growth arrest, displayed a migratory phenotype, and formed colonies in soft agar. We propose that the differential up-regulation of MKP3 by Ets2 and of DUSP5 by c-Jun may converge in similar functional roles for these MAP kinase phosphatases in the growth arrest versus proliferation decisions of breast cancer cells.
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Hiscox S, Barrett-Lee P, Borley AC, Nicholson RI. Combining Src inhibitors and aromatase inhibitors: a novel strategy for overcoming endocrine resistance and bone loss. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:2187-95. [PMID: 20471823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors have largely replaced tamoxifen as the first-line treatment for postmenopausal women with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. However, many patients develop clinical resistance with prolonged treatment, and oestrogen deprivation following aromatase inhibition can result in loss of bone mineral density. Furthermore, most patients with metastatic breast cancer develop bone metastases, and the resulting adverse skeletal-related events are a significant cause of patient morbidity. Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is a component of signalling pathways that regulate breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis as well as osteoclast-mediated bone turnover. Preclinical evidence also suggests a role for Src in acquired endocrine resistance. As such, Src inhibition represents a logical strategy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In vitro, combination therapy with Src inhibitors and endocrine agents, including aromatase inhibitors, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of both endocrine-responsive and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines more effectively than either of the therapy alone. Src inhibition has also been shown to suppress osteoclast formation and activity. Combination therapy with aromatase inhibitors and Src inhibitors therefore represents a novel approach through which the development of both acquired resistance and bone pathology could be delayed. Data from clinical trials utilising such combinations will reveal if this strategy has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
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Bilbao PS, Santillán G, Boland R. ATP stimulates the proliferation of MCF-7 cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 499:40-8. [PMID: 20450878 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by ATP in MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis showed that ATP stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Akt phosphorylation in response to nucleotides followed the potency order ATP=UTP=ATPgammaS>>ADP=UDP>ADPbetaS=adenosine, suggesting participation of P2Y(2/4) receptors. Inhibitors of PI3K, PLC, PKC and Src or Src antisense oligonucleotides prevented ATP-induced phosphorylation of Akt. Incubation of cells with 2-APB or in a nominally Ca(2+)-free medium plus EGTA showed that Akt phosphorylation by ATP depends on intracellular calcium release but is independent of calcium influx. The PI3K inhibitor was not effective in reducing MAPKs phosphorylation by ATP. ATP and UTP stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, effect that was inhibited by PI3K, PLC, PKC, Src and MAPKs inhibitors. These findings suggest that ATP modulation of P2Y(2/4) receptors increases MCF-7 cell proliferation by activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through PLC/IP(3)/Ca(2+), PKC and Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Scodelaro Bilbao
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, (B8000ICN) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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García-Martínez JM, Calcabrini A, González L, Martín-Forero E, Agulló-Ortuño MT, Simon V, Watkin H, Anderson SM, Roche S, Martín-Pérez J. A non-catalytic function of the Src family tyrosine kinases controls prolactin-induced Jak2 signaling. Cell Signal 2010; 22:415-26. [PMID: 19892015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine prolactin (PRL) plays important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of the mammary gland and it has been implicated in tumorigenesis. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is devoid of catalytic activity and its mitogenic response is controlled by cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases of the Src (SFK) and Jak families. How PRLR uses these kinases for signaling is not well understood. Previous studies indicated that PRLR-induced Jak2 activation does not require SFK catalytic activity in favor of separate signaling operating on this cellular response. Here we show that, nevertheless, PRLR requires Src-SH2 and -SH3 domains for Jak2 signaling. In W53 lymphoid cells, conditional expression of two c-Src non-catalytic mutants, either SrcK295M/Y527F or SrcK, whose SH3 and SH2 domains are exposed, controls Jak2/Stat5 activation by recruiting Jak2, avoiding its activation by endogenous active SFK. In contrast, the kinase inactive SrcK295M mutant, with inaccessible SH3 and SH2 domains, does not. Furthermore, all three mutants attenuate PRLR-induced Akt and p70S6K activation. Accordingly, PRLR-induced Jak2/Stat5 signaling is inhibited in MCF7 breast cancer cells by Src depletion, expression of SrcK295M/Y527F or active Src harboring an inactive SH2 (SrcR175L) or SH3 domain (SrcW118A). Finally, Jak2/Stat5 pathway is also reduced in Src-/- mice mammary glands. We thus conclude that, in addition to Akt and p70S6K, SFK regulate PRLR-induced Jak2 signaling through a kinase-independent mechanism.
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Abstract
Src is a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase which becomes activated following the stimulation of plasma membrane receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins, and is an indispensable player of multiple physiological homeostatic pathways. Once activated, Src is the starting point for several biochemical cascades that thereby propagate signals generated extracellularly along intracellular interconnected transduction pathways. Src transmits signals promoting cell survival and mitogenesis and, in addition, exerts a profound effect on the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and the adhesion systems that underpin cell migration and invasion. Because increased activity of Src is a frequent occurrence in many types of human cancer, and because there is evidence of a prominent role of Src in invasion and in other tumor progression-related events such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and development of metastasis, inhibitors targeting Src are being viewed as promising drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Guarino
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Vimercate, Vimercate, MB, Italy.
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Liu J, Du T, Yuan Y, He Y, Tan Z, Liu Z. KLF6 inhibits estrogen receptor-mediated cell growth in breast cancer via a c-Src-mediated pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 335:29-35. [PMID: 19707857 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors play a key role in breast cancer development and progression. Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a tumour-suppressing protein. The aim of this study was to identify the role of KLF6 inhibition in estrogen receptor(alpha) (ERalpha)-elicited breast cancer development. Protein expression levels were examined by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation was used to analyse interactions between proteins. An MTT assay was used to study cell proliferation. We found that KLF6 mediates cell growth in ERalpha-positive breast cancer cells through interaction with the c-Src protein. This interaction causes inactivation of the Erk and Akt proteins. These pathways are critical for the proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells. We also established that KLF6 could not mediate cell growth in ERalpha-negative cells. We conclude that KLF6 can modulate ERalpha-mediated cell growth in breast cancer cells. The unique role of KLF6 in mediating cell growth in breast cancer cells opens up the possibility of a new therapeutic strategy for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
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