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López-Sánchez C, Lagoa R, Poejo J, García-López V, García-Martínez V, Gutierrez-Merino C. An Update of Kaempferol Protection against Brain Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion and by 3-Nitropropionic Acid. Molecules 2024; 29:776. [PMID: 38398528 PMCID: PMC10893315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid present in many food products, has chemical and cellular antioxidant properties that are beneficial for protection against the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Kaempferol administration to model experimental animals can provide extensive protection against brain damage of the striatum and proximal cortical areas induced by transient brain cerebral ischemic stroke and by 3-nitropropionic acid. This article is an updated review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of protection by kaempferol administration against brain damage induced by these insults, integrated with an overview of the contributions of the work performed in our laboratories during the past years. Kaempferol administration at doses that prevent neurological dysfunctions inhibit the critical molecular events that underlie the initial and delayed brain damage induced by ischemic stroke and by 3-nitropropionic acid. It is highlighted that the protection afforded by kaempferol against the initial mitochondrial dysfunction can largely account for its protection against the reported delayed spreading of brain damage, which can develop from many hours to several days. This allows us to conclude that kaempferol administration can be beneficial not only in preventive treatments, but also in post-insult therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen López-Sánchez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Joana Poejo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Virginio García-López
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Virginio García-Martínez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
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Zhu X, Dingkao R, Sun N, Han L, Yu Q. The potential mediation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in heat shock protein 27 translocations, caspase-3 and calpain activities and yak meat tenderness during postmortem aging. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109264. [PMID: 37515863 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the influence of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α on heat shock protein 27 and cytochrome c translocation, yak meat microstructure destruction, and endogenous enzymes activities, refining the understanding of the tenderization process after slaughter. Postmortem yak longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles were incubated with 0.9% saline or hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stabilizer dimethyloxaloylglycine at 4 °C for 6, 12, 24, 72, and 120 h. Results showed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation promoted heat shock protein 27 migration and cytochrome c release, facilitating (P < 0.05) caspase-3 activity by mediating the heat shock protein 27/caspase-3 interaction but did not exert (P > 0.05) significant effects on the calpain-1 activity. Additionally, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation contributed to the mitochondrial apoptosis cascade, leading to a higher (P < 0.01) apoptosis rate. Therefore, these observations indicate that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α affects caspase-3 activity and tenderness of postmortem muscle through distinct regulatory mechanisms, possibly, in part, with heat shock protein 27 and cytochrome c mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Renqing Dingkao
- Animal Science and Veterinary Institute of Gannan Prefecture, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu 747000, PR China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China.
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China.
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Tie H, Yu D, Jiang Q, Yang F, Xu Y, Xia W. Research on apoptotic mechanism and related pathways involved in postmortem grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) muscle. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:298-307. [PMID: 35861049 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis activation is an essential research to reveal the triggering mechanism of flesh quality deterioration. This study was aimed at explaining apoptotic mechanism of postmortem fish in terms of caspases activation, cytochrome c (cyt-c) release, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl2-associated X (Bax) protein levels, transcriptional levels of its molecules, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation at 4 °C for 5 days. RESULTS Activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3 and the release of mitochondrial cyt-c were observed during storage. The decreased Bcl-2 protein levels, increased Bax protein expressions and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were major steps for inducing apoptosis. Collectively, transcriptional regulation of Fas ligand (FasL), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) indicated that extrinsic apoptotic pathways (FasL/caspase-8/caspase-3) and intrinsic pathway [(JNK and p38 MAPK)/(Bcl-2, Bax and Mcl-1)/cyt-c/Apaf-1/caspase-9/caspase-3] were involved in apoptotic process. Mitochondrial AIF translocation to nuclear indicated that AIF mediated caspase-independent pathway. CONCLUSION Therefore, transcriptional and translational alterations of multiple signaling molecules acted important roles in regulating apoptosis activation in postmortem process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaimao Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qixing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanshun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Yang X, Yang C, Tang D, Yu Q, Zhang L. Effects of dietary supplementation with selenium yeast and jujube powder on mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis of chicken. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102072. [PMID: 36055020 PMCID: PMC9445384 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to explore the effects of dietary selenium yeast and jujube powder on mitochondrial oxidative damage and cell apoptosis of broilers during postmortem aging, chicken breasts of broilers fed diets supplemented with different concentrations of selenium yeast and jujube powder were used as research subjects. With the prolongation of postmortem aging time, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl content, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) openness, and mitochondrial membrane permeability increased significantly (P < 0.05). The contents of the sulfhydryl, mitochondrial membrane potential, shear force, and cytochrome C (Cyt-c) reduction level decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 increased from 0 to 24 h postmortem but fell from 24 to 72 h postmortem. Compared with the control group, dietary selenium yeast and jujube powder significantly reduced mitochondrial oxidative damage. They greatly increased the shear force, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Cyt-c reduction levels (P < 0.05). Among them, the combination group of high-dose selenium yeast and jujube powder had more significant effects on ROS scavenging, reducing cell membrane permeability, protecting cell membrane integrity, and increasing Cyt-c reduction level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, cell apoptosis intensifies during the chicken breast's aging time, and muscle tenderness continues. Still, different doses of dietary selenium yeast and jujube powder can inhibit mitochondrial oxidation to various degrees. The combined group of selenium yeast and jujube powder with 0.6 mg·kg−1 has the best effect. This study is of great significance for applying natural antioxidant ingredients such as selenium yeast and jujube powder in the development and utilization of poultry feed.
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Li M, Liao HX, Bando K, Nawa Y, Fujita S, Fujita K. Label-Free Monitoring of Drug-Induced Cytotoxicity and Its Molecular Fingerprint by Live-Cell Raman and Autofluorescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10019-10026. [PMID: 35786862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous observation of drug distribution at the effector site and subsequent cell response are essential in the drug development process. However, few studies have visualized the drug itself and biomolecular interactions in living cells. Here, we used label-free Raman microscopy to investigate drug-induced cytotoxicity and visualize drug uptake and subcellular localization by its specific molecular fingerprint. A redox-sensitive Raman microscope detected the decrease of reduced cytochrome c (cyt c) after Actinomycin D (ActD) treatment in a time-dependent and dose-dependent format. Immunofluorescence staining of cyt c suggested that the release of cyt c was not the major cause. Combining Raman microscopy with conventional biological methods, we reported that the oxidization of cyt c is an early cytotoxicity marker prior to the release of cyt c. Moreover, as the spectral properties of ActD are sensitive to the surrounding environment, subcellular localization of ActD was visualized sensitively by the weak autofluorescence, and the intercalation of ActD into DNA was detected by shifted Raman peaks, allowing for parallel observation of drug uptake and the mechanism of action. In this research, we achieved simultaneous observation of cytotoxicity and cellular drug uptake by Raman microscopy, which could facilitate a precise understanding of pharmacological effects and predict potential drug toxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hao-Xiang Liao
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Bando
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Tian Z, Li X, Shi X, Chen C. Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on mitochondria apoptosis and meat quality in postmortem Gannan yak (Bos grunniens) meat. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14234. [PMID: 35608959 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the effects of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) on mitochondria apoptosis in postmortem Gannan yak (Bos grunniens) longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and to explore its effect on meat quality further. The Gannan yak meat samples were treated with the control group (0.9% NaCl) and L-NAME (20, 60, and 100 mM) for 24 h and then stored for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days at 4°C. NOS activity and NO content were investigated, and the parameters of mitochondrial apoptosis of the postmortem Gannan yak meat were determined. Meanwhile, the meat quality such as the centrifugation loss, meat color, and myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) was evaluated. The results indicated that after treatment with L-NAME, NOS activity and NO content decreased, causing mitochondrial membrane damage, Bax protein, and Cyt-c levels increased, and resulted in increased activities of caspase-9 and -3, promoting the occurrence of mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, it increased the tenderness and water retention of Gannan yak meat. The results indicated that NOS inhibitor played a regulatory role in postmortem Gannan yak meat quality by regulating mitochondria apoptosis during postmortem aging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The meat's tenderness is often considered the most important factor affecting consumers' willingness to repurchase. The relationship of caspases and MFI suggested that L-NAME played a regulatory role in postmortem Gannan yak meat quality by regulating mitochondria apoptosis during postmortem aging. This study provides valuable information for the development of the Gannan yak economy in Tibetan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Biological and Geographical Science, Yili Normal University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueru Li
- College of Biological and Geographical Science, Yili Normal University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xixiong Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Ma J, Yu Q, Han L. The effect of postmortem pH decline rate on caspase-3 activation and tenderness of bovine skeletal muscle during aging. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14215. [PMID: 35484879 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of postmortem pH decline rate on caspase-3 activity and bovine muscle tenderness during aging. Protein denaturation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial apoptosis factors, and shear force were assessed in bovine muscles with different pH decline rates. The results showed that, compared with the slow group, the fast pH decline group had a 1.79% and 1.39% higher sarcoplasmic protein denaturation at 6 and 12 h, respectively (p < .05), and a significantly or extremely significantly higher ROS levels at 6-24 (p < .05, p < .01). Moreover, the fast group had a 14.05%, 22.39%,18.34%, and 25.28% of higher mitochondrial dysfunction at 6, 12, 24, and 72 h, respectively (p < .05); a 16.71%, 23.39%, 17.05%, and 26.61% of lower cytochrome c reduction levels at 6, 12, 24, and 120 h, respectively (p < .05); a significantly increased caspase-3 activity and proportion of apoptotic nuclei at 12-168 and 24-168 h, respectively (p < .05); and a 5.70%, 7.24%, 12.16%, 10.10% and 10.49% decreased shear force at 12, 24, 72,120, and 168 h, respectively (p < .05). These results demonstrated that the fast postmortem pH decline enhanced caspase-3 activation and bovine muscle tenderization by mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis during aging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Beef tenderness has long been one of the most important concerns for consumers and the meat industry. To date, the postmortem aging process has been an effective way to improve the tenderness of chilled beef. However, changes in many of the elements in a cattle's muscle after slaughter might actually determine the final tenderness of the meat. The present study suggested that the fast postmortem pH decline could promote the activation of caspase-3 and improve the tenderness of beef during aging. This finding can provide a basis for the meat processing industry to produce beef with high tenderness. In the future, beef tenderness could even be improved by adjusting the glycolytic rate and pH of muscle for a short time after slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Standardized fraction of Xylocarpus moluccensis inhibits inflammation by modulating MAPK-NFκB and ROS-HIF1α-PKM2 activation. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:423-437. [PMID: 35274150 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Present study investigates the effect of Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem fruit fraction (CDR) on endotoxemia and explores the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of CDR (1-100 µg/ml) was assessed on cytokines, MAPKs, ROS, and metabolic reprogramming in LPS-induced cells (J774.2 and THP-1) by the conventional methodology of ELISA, PCR, and Western blotting. The effect of CDR (1-50 mg/kg, p.o.) was also evaluated in the mice model of endotoxemia and sepsis. RESULTS CDR prevents LPS-induced cytokine production from murine and human whole blood and cell lines. CDR suppressed total cellular and mitochondrial superoxide generation and preserved mitochondrial function in LPS-stimulated phagocytes. Additionally, CDR abrogated LPS-induced MAPK's phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in J774.2 cells. Moreover, CDR suppressed LPS-induced glycolytic flux as indicated from PKM2, HK-2, PDK-2, and HIF-1α expression in J774.2 cells. In vivo, CDR pre-treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines release, metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in both LPS-induced endotoxemia and cecal slurry-induced sepsis mice model. CONCLUSION Present study demonstrates the protective effect of CDR on LPS-induced inflammation and sepsis and identifies MAPK-NFκB and ROS-HIF1α-PKM2 as the putative target axis.
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Koenig A, Buskiewicz-Koenig IA. Redox Activation of Mitochondrial DAMPs and the Metabolic Consequences for Development of Autoimmunity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:441-461. [PMID: 35352943 PMCID: PMC8982130 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known to promote innate immune responses during and in the absence of microbial infections. However, excessive or prolonged exposure to ROS provokes innate immune signaling dysfunction and contributes to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. The relatively high basal expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells renders them prone to activation in response to minor intrinsic or extrinsic ROS misbalances in the absence of pathogens. Critical Issues: A prominent source of ROS are mitochondria, which are also major inter-organelle hubs for innate immunity activation, since most PRRs and downstream receptor molecules are directly located either at mitochondria or at mitochondria-associated membranes. Due to their ancestral bacterial origin, mitochondria can also act as quasi-intrinsic self-microbes that mimic a pathogen invasion and become a source of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that triggers innate immunity from within. Recent Advances: The release of mitochondrial DAMPs correlates with mitochondrial metabolism changes and increased generation of ROS, which can lead to the oxidative modification of DAMPs. Recent studies suggest that ROS-modified mitochondrial DAMPs possess increased, persistent immunogenicity. Future Directions: Herein, we discuss how mitochondrial DAMP release and oxidation activates PRRs, changes cellular metabolism, and causes innate immune response dysfunction by promoting systemic inflammation, thereby contributing to the onset or progression of autoimmune diseases. The future goal is to understand what the tipping point for DAMPs is to become oxidized, and whether this is a road without return. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 441-461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koenig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Chen C, Guo Z, Ma G, Ma J, Zhang Z, Yu Q, Han L. Lysosomal Fe2+contributes to myofibrillar protein degradation through mitochondrial-dysfunction-induced apoptosis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Khaibullina A, Almeida LEF, Kamimura S, Zerfas PM, Smith ML, Vogel S, Wakim P, Vasconcelos OM, Quezado MM, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Quezado ZMN. Sickle cell disease mice have cerebral oxidative stress and vascular and white matter abnormalities. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 86:102493. [PMID: 32927249 PMCID: PMC7686096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Strokes are feared complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) and yield significant neurologic and neurocognitive deficits. However, even without detectable strokes, SCD patients have significant neurocognitive deficits in domains of learning and memory, processing speed and executive function. In these cases, mechanisms unrelated to major cerebrovascular abnormalities likely underlie these deficits. While oxidative stress and stress-related signaling pathways play a role in SCD pathophysiology, their role in cerebral injury remains unknown. We have shown that Townes and BERK SCD mice, while not having strokes, recapitulate neurocognitive deficits reported in humans. We hypothesized that cognitive deficits in SCD mice are associated with cerebral oxidative stress. We showed that SCD mice have increased levels of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation in hippocampus and cortex, thus suggesting increased cerebral oxidative stress. Further, cerebral oxidative stress was associated with caspase-3 activity alterations and vascular endothelial abnormalities, white matter changes, and disruption of the blood brain barrier, similar to those reported after ischemic/oxidative injury. Additionally, after repeated hypoxia/reoxygenation exposure, homozygous Townes had enhanced microglia activation. Our findings indicate that oxidative stress and stress-induced tissue damage is increased in susceptible brain regions, which may, in turn, contribute to neurocognitive deficits in SCD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfia Khaibullina
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Meghann L Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Paul Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Olavo M Vasconcelos
- Neuromuscular Clinic, Electromyography Laboratory, Intraoperative Neurophysiology Monitoring Sections, Veterans Health Administration Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23249, United States of America
| | - Martha M Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Iren Horkayne-Szakaly
- Neuropathology and Ophthalmic Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
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Peng YB, He W, Niu Q, Tao C, Zhong XL, Tan CP, Zhao P. Mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes: synthesis, characterization and anticancer research. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9068-9075. [PMID: 34113944 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the landscape of inorganic medicinal chemistry has been dominated by investigations on platinum or ruthenium, while the research based on other metal centers such as rhodium has been relatively insufficient. In this work, a series of cyclometalated rhodium(iii) complexes with imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline containing different aromatic rings were synthesized and characterized. Notably, all the complexes displayed stronger anticancer activity against various cancer cells compared with cisplatin. A mechanism study revealed that the rhodium complexes accumulated in the mitochondria, elevated the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and released cytochrome c, indicating severe mitochondrial damage during the anticancer activity. Further studies illustrated that the rhodium complexes caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, upregulated the expression of p53 and reduced the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated x (Bax), which ultimately resulted in cellular apoptosis. Overall, through mitochondrial pathways, these Rh(iii) complexes could induce cellular apoptosis to a larger extent than cisplatin and should be paid close attention as promising chemotherapeutic drugs in anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China. and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Wei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Qiang Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Can Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhong
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
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13
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Tuell JR, Kim HW, Zhang J, Guedes J, Seo JK, Schoonmaker JP, Kim YHB. Arginine supplementation may improve color and redox stability of beef loins through delayed onset of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic processes. Food Chem 2020; 343:128552. [PMID: 33189476 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of arginine (ARG) and/or lysine (LYS) supplementation on meat quality and oxidative stability of beef loins. Steers (n = 40) were split among four dietary treatments (control, ARG, LYS or ARGLYS). The loins (longissimus lumborum) were obtained at 1 day postmortem and aged either 14 or 28 days prior to cutting of steaks for 7 days of display. No impacts of diet treatments on instrumental tenderness, water-holding capacity and fatty acid profiles were found (P > 0.05). Extended aging significantly decreased lipid oxidative stability, color stability and reducing ability of loins. However, steaks from ARG and ARGLYS maintained superior color stability coupled with lower mitochondrial membrane permeability and higher cytochrome c redox stability compared to control (P < 0.05). These results indicate that ARG supplementation can improve color stability of beef loins possibly through delayed onset of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Tuell
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA; Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, South Korea
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA
| | - Juliana Guedes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA
| | - Jin-Kyu Seo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA
| | - Jon P Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA
| | - Yuan H Brad Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA.
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14
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Zhou S, Feng S, Qin W, Wang X, Tang Y, Yuan S. Epigenetic Regulation of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Homeostasis: From DNA Methylation to Histone Modification. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:562-580. [PMID: 32939648 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs)are the ultimate germline stem cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation, and a dynamic balance of SSCs play an essential role in spermatogenesis. During the gene expression process, genomic DNA and nuclear protein, working together, contribute to SSC homeostasis. Recently, emerging studies have shown that epigenome-related molecules such as chromatin modifiers play an important role in SSC homeostasis through regulating target gene expression. Here, we focus on two types of epigenetic events, including DNA methylation and histone modification, and summarize their function in SSC homeostasis. Understanding the molecular mechanism during SSC homeostasis will promote the recognition of epigenetic biomarkers in male infertility, and bring light into therapies of infertile patients.Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenglei Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibing Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, 510500, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunge Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, 510500, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China. .,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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15
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Mitochondrial apoptosis and proteolytic changes of myofibrillar proteins in two different pork muscles during aging. Food Chem 2020; 319:126571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Skemiene K, Pampuscenko K, Rekuviene E, Borutaite V. Protective effects of anthocyanins against brain ischemic damage. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:71-82. [PMID: 32128684 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are considered as bioactive components of plant-based diets that provide protection against ischemic cardiovascular pathologies by mechanisms dependent on their antioxidant and reductive capacities. However, it is not clear whether similar anthocyanin-mediated mechanisms can provide protection against ischemia-induced brain mitochondrial injury and cell death. In this study, we compared effects of three cyanidin-3-glycosides - glucoside (Cy3G), galactoside (Cy3Gal) and rutinoside (Cy3R), with pelargonxidin-3-glucoside (Pg3G) and found that at 10-20 μM concentrations they have no direct effect on respiratory functions of mitochondria isolated from normal or ischemia-damaged rat brain slices. However, intravenous injection of Cy3Gal and Cy3G (0,025 mg/kg or 0,05 mg/kg what matches 10 μM or 20 μM respectively) but not Cy3R in rats protected against ischemia-induced caspase activation and necrotic cell death, and reduced infarct size in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. These effects correlated with cytochrome c reducing capacity of cyanidin-3-glycosides. In contrast, intravenous injection of 0,025 mg/kg Pg3G which has the lowest cytochrome c reducing capacity among investigated anthocyanins, had no effect on ischemia-induced caspase activation and necrosis but reduced brain infarct size whereas intravenous injection of 0,05 mg/kg of Pg3G slightly promoted necrosis in the brain. Our data suggest that reductive rather than antioxidant capacities of anthocyanins may be important components in providing protection against ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Skemiene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Katryna Pampuscenko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Rekuviene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
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17
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Zhu J, Jiang M, Ma H, Zhang H, Cheng W, Li J, Cai L, Han XX, Zhao B. Redox‐State‐Mediated Regulation of Cytochrome c Release in Apoptosis Revealed by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering on Nickel Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Muwei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine School of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Weina Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Junbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Linjun Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine School of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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18
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Zhu J, Jiang M, Ma H, Zhang H, Cheng W, Li J, Cai L, Han XX, Zhao B. Redox-State-Mediated Regulation of Cytochrome c Release in Apoptosis Revealed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering on Nickel Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16499-16503. [PMID: 31486254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of cytochrome c (Cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) is believed to play an important role in the initial events of apoptosis. Herein, we investigate the structural changes of CL-bound Fe2+ Cyt c and the correlation with Cyt c release through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on nickel substrates. The SERS results together with molecular dynamics simulation reveal that Fe2+ Cyt c undergoes autoxidation and a relatively larger conformational alteration after binding with CL, inducing higher peroxidase activity of Cyt c and higher permeability of the CL membrane compared with those induced by the Fe3+ Cyt c. The proapoptotic activity and SERS effect of the Ni nanostructures allow the in situ study of the redox-state-dependent Cyt c release from isolated mitochondria, which reveals for the first time that the ferrous state of Cyt c most likely plays a more important role in triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Muwei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weina Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Linjun Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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19
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Zhao H, Zhao X, Lei S, Zhang Y, Shao D, Jiang C, Sun H, Shi J. Effect of cell culture models on the evaluation of anticancer activity and mechanism analysis of the potential bioactive compound, iturin A, produced by Bacillus subtilis. Food Funct 2019; 10:1478-1489. [PMID: 30778489 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture is widely used to evaluate the potential of food compounds in anticancer activity in vitro. However, 3D culture is rarely used. In this study, we compared the obtained anticancer activity and mechanisms of iturin A, a multiple functional compound produced by Bacillus subtilis, in 2D and 3D cultures of HepG2 cells. 3D culture resulted in a much higher 50% inhibitory concentration (55.26 μM) compared to 2D culture (11.91 μM). Reactive oxygen species accumulation, autophagy, apoptosis characterized by cytochrome c release, high apoptotic protein expression and caspase activation were detected in both 2D and 3D cultures. Induction of paraptosis was also detected in 2D culture and the cytoplasmic vacuoles occurred in large numbers. Compared with 2D culture, 3D culture can simulate the microenvironment in vivo and provide more accurate data. Therefore, 3D culture was recommended for the evaluation of anticancer activity of food compounds towards solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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20
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Anwar F, Khan R, Sachan R, Kazmi I, Rawat A, Sabih A, Singh R, Afzal M, Ahmad A, Al-Orab AS, Al-Abbasi FA, Bhatt PC, Kumar V. Therapeutic role of calcium and vitamin K3 in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis - new tools for cancer treatment. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:270-275. [PMID: 29663832 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1455708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
HCC has been reported to be immensely occurring carcinoma worldwide. Recent days the mortality occurred due to liver cancer has also been found to be increased at an alarming speed affecting mostly the young patients. The aim of the current study was to decipher the role of calcium and vitamin K3 in the treatment of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the male Wistar rats. Liver cancer was induced via a subnecrogenic dose of 160 mg/kg body weight, diethylnitrosamine (DENA) when associated with fasting/refeeding in male Wistar rats. It elevated the serum glutamate oxaloacetate (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed marked carcinogenicity of the chemical carcinogen. Food, water intake and animal weights were also assessed, respectively. The animals exposed to DENA showed a significant decrease in the body weight. The elevated levels of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, AFP, TC and TG were restored by administration of calcium and Vit K (ad libitum) combination at higher dose than the normal dietary requirement (3 mg/kg) daily for 12 weeks p.o. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin K3 combination in the animals exposed to DENA. The results deciphered the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin K3 in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Anwar
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruqaiyah Khan
- b Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy , Dehradun , India
| | - Richa Sachan
- c School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Kazmi
- d Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University , Saharanpur , Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alisha Rawat
- b Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy , Dehradun , India
| | | | - Rajbala Singh
- b Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy , Dehradun , India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- e Department of Pharmacology , Jouf University , Sakaka , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Al-Orab
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Al-Abbasi
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Prakash Chandra Bhatt
- f Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , JamiaHamdard , New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- g Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS) , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Zhao H, Xu X, Lei S, Shao D, Jiang C, Shi J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Lei S, Sun H, Huang Q. Iturin A‐like lipopeptides from
Bacillus subtilis
trigger apoptosis, paraptosis, and autophagy in Caco‐2 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6414-6427. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Shuzhen Lei
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Shuzhen Lei
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
- School of Hospitality Management, Guilin Tourism University Guilin China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China
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22
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Effect of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and its redox state on the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic cascade reaction and tenderization of yak meat during postmortem aging. Food Res Int 2018; 111:488-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Zhao H, Yan L, Xu X, Jiang C, Shi J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Lei S, Shao D, Huang Q. Potential of Bacillus subtilis lipopeptides in anti-cancer I: induction of apoptosis and paraptosis and inhibition of autophagy in K562 cells. AMB Express 2018; 8:78. [PMID: 29777449 PMCID: PMC5959823 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipopeptide iturin from Bacillus subtilis has been found to have a potential inhibitory effect on breast cancer, alveolar adenocarcinoma, renal carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma. In this study, the potential of B. subtilis lipopeptides (a mixture of iturin homologues, concentration of 42.75%) to inhibit chronic myelogenous leukemia was evaluated using K562 myelogenous leukemia cells. The results showed that the lipopeptides could completely inhibit the growth of K562 at 100 μM, with an IC50 value of 65.76 μM. The lipopeptides inhibited the profile of K562 via three pathways: (1) induction of paraptosis indicated by the occurrence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and swelling of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) without membrane blebbing in the presence of a caspase inhibitor; (2) inhibition of autophagy progress illustrated by the upregulated expression of LCII and P62; and (3) induction of apoptosis by causing ROS burst, and induction of the intrinsic pathway indicated by the upregulated expression of cytochrome c (Cyto-c), bax, and bad, together with downregulated expression of Bcl-2. The ROS-dependent apoptosis and caspase-independent paraptosis were verified using the ROS inhibitor and caspase inhibitor, respectively. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway was not involved in the lipopeptide’s effects on K562. Overall, the B. subtilis lipopeptides (consisting of a majority of iturin) exhibited promising potential in inhibiting chronic myelogenous leukemia in vitro via simultaneously causing paraptosis, apoptosis, and inhibition of autophagy.
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24
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Samhan-Arias AK, Fortalezas S, Cordas CM, Moura I, Moura JJG, Gutierrez-Merino C. Cytochrome b 5 reductase is the component from neuronal synaptic plasma membrane vesicles that generates superoxide anion upon stimulation by cytochrome c. Redox Biol 2018; 15:109-114. [PMID: 29227865 PMCID: PMC5726884 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we measured the effect of cytochrome c on the NADH-dependent superoxide anion production by synaptic plasma membrane vesicles from rat brain. In these membranes, the cytochrome c stimulated NADH-dependent superoxide anion production was inhibited by antibodies against cytochrome b5 reductase linking the production to this enzyme. Measurement of the superoxide anion radical generated by purified recombinant soluble and membrane cytochrome b5 reductase corroborates the production of the radical by different enzyme isoforms. In the presence of cytochrome c, a burst of superoxide anion as well as the reduction of cytochrome c by cytochrome b5 reductase was measured. Complex formation between both proteins suggests that cytochrome b5 reductase is one of the major partners of cytochrome c upon its release from mitochondria to the cytosol during apoptosis. Superoxide anion production and cytochrome c reduction are the consequences of the stimulated NADH consumption by cytochrome b5 reductase upon complex formation with cytochrome c and suggest a major role of this enzyme as an anti-apoptotic protein during cell death.
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Key Words
- Cb(5)R, Cytochrome b(5) reductase
- Cytochrome b(5) reductase
- Cytochrome c
- DHE, Dihydroethidium
- DTPA, Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- E(+), Ethidium
- FAD, Flavin adenine dinucleotide
- NADH oxidase
- NADH, Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBT, Nitroblue tetrazolium nitroblue tetrazolium
- Neurons
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- SPMV, Synaptic plasma membrane vesicles
- Superoxide anion
- TB, Terrific Broth terrific Broth
- XA, Xanthine xanthine
- XO, Xanthine oxidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Fortalezas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cristina M Cordas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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25
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Sierant M, Kulik K, Sochacka E, Szewczyk R, Sobczak M, Nawrot B. Cytochrome c Catalyzes the Hydrogen Peroxide-Assisted Oxidative Desulfuration of 2-Thiouridines in Transfer RNAs. Chembiochem 2018; 19:687-695. [PMID: 29287127 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 5-substituted 2-thiouridines (R5S2Us) present in the first (wobble) position of the anticodon of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) contribute to accuracy in reading mRNA codons and tuning protein synthesis. Previously, we showed that, under oxidative stress conditions in vitro, R5S2Us were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and that their oxidative desulfuration produced 5-substituted uridines (R5Us) and 4-pyrimidinone nucleosides (R5H2Us) at a ratio that depended on the pH and an R5 substituent. Here, we demonstrate that the desulfuration of 2-thiouridines, either alone or within an RNA/tRNA chain, is catalyzed by cytochrome c (cyt c). Its kinetics are similar to those of Fenton-type catalytic 2-thiouridine (S2U) desulfuration. Cyt c/H2 O2 - and FeII -mediated reactions deliver predominantly 4-pyrimidinone nucleoside (H2U)-type products. The pathway of the cyt c/H2 O2 -peroxidase-mediated S2U→H2U transformation through uridine sulfenic (U-SOH), sulfinic (U-SO2 H), and sulfonic (U-SO3 H) intermediates is confirmed by LC-MS. The cyt c/H2 O2 -mediated oxidative damage of S2U-tRNA may have biological relevance through alteration of the cellular functions of transfer RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sierant
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulik
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sochacka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Rafal Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
| | - Milena Sobczak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
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26
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Zanetti Polzi L, Battistuzzi G, Borsari M, Pignataro M, Paltrinieri L, Daidone I, Bortolotti CA. Computational investigation of the electron transfer complex between neuroglobin and cytochrome c. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1377342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanetti Polzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pignataro
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Licia Paltrinieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Takesue T, Kawakubo H, Hayashida T, Tsutsui M, Miyao K, Fukuda K, Nakamura R, Takahashi T, Wada N, Takeuchi H, Kitagawa Y. Downregulation of cytochrome c oxidase 1 induced radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4220-4224. [PMID: 28943930 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive gene screening with transposons is a novel procedure for the systematic identification of resistant genes. The present study aimed to use this technique to identify candidate radioresistant genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A transposon is a base sequence that can translocate to another location in the genome at random. By inserting the cytomegalovirus promotor as a transcriptional activator in the transposon, the following gene in the new location becomes overexpressed and the gene located at the transposon insertion site is downregulated. Consequently, various transposon-tagged cells, which have differentially overexpressed or downregulated genes using the transposon method can be obtained. Following the irradiation of transposon-tagged cells, candidate radioresistant genes can be selected in order to detect the location of the transposon in the cells that have survived. A total of 11 genes were detected as candidate radioresistant genes. Cytochrome c oxidase 1 (MT-CO1), an enzyme involved in apoptosis through the activation of the caspase cascade, was one of the candidate genes identified. The relative expression level of MT-CO1 was 0.12 in MT-CO1-downregulated cells which was significantly lower compared with the expression level in parent TE4 cells (P<0.001). The survival rate was 28.7% in MT-CO1-downregulated cells and 10.5% in parent TE4 cells 9 days following 5-Gy irradiation. The activity of cytochrome c and caspase-3 following irradiation was significantly lower in the MT-CO1-downregulated radioresistant cells compared with in TE4 cells. In conclusion, the novel gene screening technique demonstrated to be useful for detecting candidate radioresistant genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The results of the present study revealed that the downregulation of MT-CO1 induced radioresistance occurs by inhibiting the activation of the caspase cascade in radioresistant esophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takesue
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hayashida
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mai Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyao
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihito Wada
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Fiocchetti M, Cipolletti M, Brandi V, Polticelli F, Ascenzi P. Neuroglobin and friends. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Sezione dell'Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica; Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
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29
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Mendez DL, Akey IV, Akey CW, Kranz RG. Oxidized or Reduced Cytochrome c and Axial Ligand Variants All Form the Apoptosome in Vitro. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2766-2769. [PMID: 28510448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) has two important roles in vertebrates: mitochondrial electron transport and activating the intrinsic cell death pathway (apoptosis). To initiate cell death, cyt c dissociates from the inner mitochondrial membrane and migrates to the cytosol. In the cytosol, cyt c interacts stoichiometrically with apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) and upon ATP binding induces formation of the heptameric apoptosome. It is not clear however what the redox state of cyt c is when it functions as the "active signal" for apoptosis. Some reports have indicated that only ferri (i.e., oxidized Fe3+ heme) but not ferro (reduced, Fe2+ heme) cyt c forms the apoptosome. Facilitated by our recently described recombinant system for synthesizing novel human cyt c proteins, we use a panel of cyt c axial ligand variants that exhibit a broad range of redox potentials. These variants exist in different redox states. Here we show that cyt c wild type and cyt c H19M (reduced state) and cyt c M81A and cyt c M81H (oxidized state) all bind to Apaf-1 and form the apoptosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Mendez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Ildikó V Akey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine , 700 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Christopher W Akey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine , 700 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Robert G Kranz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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30
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Lagoa R, Samhan-Arias AK, Gutierrez-Merino C. Correlation between the potency of flavonoids for cytochrome c reduction and inhibition of cardiolipin-induced peroxidase activity. Biofactors 2017; 43:451-468. [PMID: 28317253 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There are large differences between flavonoids to protect against apoptosis, a process in which cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a key role. In this work, we show that 7 of 13 flavonoids studied have a capacity to reduce Cyt c similar or higher than ascorbate, the flavonols quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin, flavanol epigallocatechin-gallate, anthocyanidins cyanidin and malvidin, and the flavone luteolin. In contrast, the kaempferol 3(O)- and 3,4'(O)-methylated forms, the flavanone naringenin, and also apigenin and chrysin, had a negligible reducing capacity. Equilibrium dialysis and quenching of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence experiments showed that flavonoids did not interfere with Cyt c binding to cardiolipin (CL)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles. However, the CL-induced loss of Cyt c Soret band intensity was largely attenuated by flavonoids, pointing out a stabilizing action against Cyt c unfolding in the complex. Moreover, flavonoids that behave as Cyt c reductants also inhibited the pro-apoptotic CL-induced peroxidase activity of Cyt c, indicating that modulation of Cyt c signaling are probable mechanisms behind the protective biological activities of flavonoids. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):451-468, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lagoa
- ESTG, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Leiria, 2411-901, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
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31
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Bakthavachalam P, Shanmugam PST. Mitochondrial dysfunction - Silent killer in cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:417-423. [PMID: 28320180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction aggravates ischemic neuronal injury through activation of various pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms. Ischemic neuronal injury is particularly intensified during reperfusion due to impairment of mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial mutilation instigates alterations in calcium homeostasis in neurons, which plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of normal neuronal function. Increase in intracellular calcium level in mitochondria triggers the opening of mitochondrial transition pore and over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several investigations have concluded that ROS not only contribute to lipids and proteins damage, but also transduce apoptotic signals leading to neuronal death. In addition to the above mentioned reasons, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to excitotoxicity also leads to neuronal death. Recently, some newer proteins have been claimed to induce "mitophagy" by triggering the receptors on autophagic membranes leading to neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying neuronal death involving mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Bakthavachalam
- Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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32
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Picroside II Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect by Inhibiting the Mitochondria Cytochrome C Signal Pathway Following Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:267-278. [PMID: 28054226 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a common neurodegenerative disease in the wide world, and mitochondrial defects underlie the pathogenesis of ischemia, especially during reperfusion. Picroside II, the principal active component of Picrorhiza, is a traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous study demonstrated that the best therapeutic dose and time window were injection of picroside II at a dose of 10-20 mg/kg body weight following cerebral ischemia by 1.5-2.0 h. In this paper, the neuroprotective effect and the mechanism of picroside II were investigated, as well as its involvement in antioxidant and mitochondria cytochrome C (CytC) signal pathway following ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. After 24 h of cerebral I/R, the neurobehavioral function was measured by modified neurological severity score test; the content of reactive oxygen species in brain tissue was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the cerebral infarction volume was detected by TTC staining; the morphology of brain tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin; the apoptotic cells were counted by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay; the ultrastructure of the cortical brain tissues was observation by transmission electron microscopy; the expressions of CytC and Caspase-3 were determined by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot. The results indicated that picroside II could scavenge ROS contents, decrease the cerebral infarction volume and apoptotic cells, protect the structure of mitochondria, down-regulate the expression of CytC and Caspase-3 in cerebral I/R rats. It can be concluded that picroside II exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the mitochondria CytC signal pathway following ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.
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33
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McManus MJ, Franklin JL. Dissociation of JNK Activation from Elevated Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species, Cytochrome c Release, and Cell Death in NGF-Deprived Sympathetic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:382-389. [PMID: 27957682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal of nerve growth factor (NGF) from sympathetic neurons causes their apoptotic death. Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) may contribute to this death by the induction and phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax, that are involved in cytochrome c release from mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Induction of either JNK or ROS may stimulate the other, and both may regulate release of apoptogenic factors from the mitochondria. In order to discern the relationship between JNK and ROS in apoptosis, we treated NGF-deprived, mouse sympathetic neurons with a JNK inhibitor and examined the effect on several important apoptotic events. Block of JNK activation prevented induction of c-Jun expression and resulted in a dose-dependent, yet surprisingly modest, increase in cell survival after 48 h of NGF deprivation. JNK suppression was also not sufficient to prevent the elevation in ROS or the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons. Bax deletion prevents apoptotic death of NGF-deprived neurons by preventing release of cytochrome c from their mitochondria. It also prevents increased ROS on NGF deprivation. However, we found that induction of c-Jun in cells lacking Bax was equivalent to that in wild-type neurons. Our results suggest that while JNK activation plays an important role in many forms of apoptosis, it may not be a crucial regulator of Bax-dependent events involved in the apoptotic death of mouse sympathetic neurons deprived of NGF and that ROS is not involved in its activation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McManus
- Center of Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Room 6100, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James L Franklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 357 Wilson Pharmacy, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Karsisiotis AI, Deacon OM, Wilson MT, Macdonald C, Blumenschein TMA, Moore GR, Worrall JAR. Increased dynamics in the 40-57 Ω-loop of the G41S variant of human cytochrome c promote its pro-apoptotic conformation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30447. [PMID: 27461282 PMCID: PMC4962053 DOI: 10.1038/srep30447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia 4 is an inherited autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, which occurs due to mutations in the human gene for cytochrome c that results in enhanced mitochondrial apoptotic activity. The Gly41Ser mutation was the first to be reported. Here we report stopped-flow kinetic studies of azide binding to human ferricytochrome c and its Gly41Ser variant, together with backbone amide H/D exchange and 15N-relaxation dynamics using NMR spectroscopy, to show that alternative conformations are kinetically and thermodynamically more readily accessible for the Gly41Ser variant than for the wild-type protein. Our work reveals a direct conformational link between the 40–57 Ω-loop in which residue 41 resides and the dynamical properties of the axial ligand to the heme iron, Met80, such that the replacement of glycine by serine promotes the dissociation of the Met80 ligand, thereby increasing the population of a peroxidase active state, which is a key non-native conformational state in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver M Deacon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Colin Macdonald
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Geoffrey R Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jonathan A R Worrall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
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35
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Liobikas J, Skemiene K, Trumbeckaite S, Borutaite V. Anthocyanins in cardioprotection: A path through mitochondria. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:808-815. [PMID: 27038533 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constantly growing experimental data from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies show the great potential of anthocyanin-containing fruit and berry extracts or pure individual anthocyanins as cardioprotective food components or pharmacological compounds. In general it is regarded that the cardioprotective activity of anthocyanins is related to their antioxidant properties. However there are recent reports that certain anthocyanins may protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by activating signal transduction pathways and sustaining mitochondrial functions instead of acting solely as antioxidants. In this review, we summarize the proposed mechanisms of direct or indirect actions of anthocyanins within cardiac cells with the special emphasis on recently discovered their pharmacological effects on mitochondria in cardioprotection: reduction of cytosolic cytochrome c preventing apoptosis and sustainment of electron transfer between NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome c supporting oxidative phosphorylation in ischemia-damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Liobikas
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Skemiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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36
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Liu C, Stonestrom AJ, Christian T, Yong J, Takase R, Hou YM, Yang X. Molecular Basis and Consequences of the Cytochrome c-tRNA Interaction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10426-36. [PMID: 26961879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic apoptosis pathway occurs through the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to the cytosol, where it promotes activation of the caspase family of proteases. The observation that tRNA binds to cytochrome c revealed a previously unexpected mode of apoptotic regulation. However, the molecular characteristics of this interaction, and its impact on each interaction partner, are not well understood. Using a novel fluorescence assay, we show here that cytochrome c binds to tRNA with an affinity comparable with other tRNA-protein binding interactions and with a molecular ratio of ∼3:1. Cytochrome c recognizes the tertiary structural features of tRNA, particularly in the core region. This binding is independent of the charging state of tRNA but is regulated by the redox state of cytochrome c. Compared with reduced cytochrome c, oxidized cytochrome c binds to tRNA with a weaker affinity, which correlates with its stronger pro-apoptotic activity. tRNA binding both facilitates cytochrome c reduction and inhibits the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c, which is involved in its release from mitochondria. Together, these findings provide new insights into the cytochrome c-tRNA interaction and apoptotic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Aaron J Stonestrom
- the Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Thomas Christian
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Jeongsik Yong
- the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Ryuichi Takase
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Ya-Ming Hou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107,
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- the Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
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Zhang L, Wang K, Lei Y, Li Q, Nice EC, Huang C. Redox signaling: Potential arbitrator of autophagy and apoptosis in therapeutic response. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:452-65. [PMID: 26454086 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Redox signaling plays important roles in the regulation of cell death and survival in response to cancer therapy. Autophagy and apoptosis are discrete cellular processes mediated by distinct groups of regulatory and executioner molecules, and both are thought to be cellular responses to various stress conditions including oxidative stress, therefore controlling cell fate. Basic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may function as signals to promote cell proliferation and survival, whereas increase of ROS can induce autophagy and apoptosis by damaging cellular components. Growing evidence in recent years argues for ROS that below detrimental levels acting as intracellular signal transducers that regulate autophagy and apoptosis. ROS-regulated autophagy and apoptosis can cross-talk with each other. However, how redox signaling determines different cell fates by regulating autophagy and apoptosis remains unclear. In this review, we will focus on understanding the delicate molecular mechanism by which autophagy and apoptosis are finely orchestrated by redox signaling and discuss how this understanding can be used to develop strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, P.R. China
| | - Edouard Collins Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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38
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McGarry DJ, Chakravarty P, Wolf CR, Henderson CJ. Altered protein S-glutathionylation identifies a potential mechanism of resistance to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:137-44. [PMID: 26311813 PMCID: PMC4631951 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.227389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used over-the-counter analgesic. However, hepatotoxicity induced by APAP is a major clinical issue, and the factors that define sensitivity to APAP remain unclear. We have previously demonstrated that mice nulled for glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP) are resistant to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. This study aims to exploit this difference to delineate pathways of importance in APAP toxicity. We used mice nulled for GSTP and heme oxygenase-1 oxidative stress reporter mice, together with a novel nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodology to investigate the role of oxidative stress, cell signaling, and protein S-glutathionylation in APAP hepatotoxicity. We provide evidence that the sensitivity difference between wild-type and Gstp1/2(-/-) mice is unrelated to the ability of APAP to induce oxidative stress, despite observing significant increases in c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in wild-type mice. The major difference in response to APAP was in the levels of protein S-glutathionylation: Gstp1/2(-/-) mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of S-glutathionylated proteins compared with wild-type animals. Remarkably, these S-glutathionylated proteins are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory complexes, drug metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that S-glutathionylation of the rate-limiting glutathione-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase, was markedly increased in Gstp1/2(-/-) mice in response to APAP. The data demonstrate that S-glutathionylation provides an adaptive response to APAP and, as a consequence, suggest that this is an important determinant in APAP hepatotoxicity. This work identifies potential novel avenues associated with cell survival for the treatment of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McGarry
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (D.J.M., C.R.W., C.J.H.); and Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (D.J.M., C.R.W., C.J.H.); and Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (D.J.M., C.R.W., C.J.H.); and Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (D.J.M., C.R.W., C.J.H.); and Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (P.C.)
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39
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A Futile Redox Cycle Involving Neuroglobin Observed at Physiological Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20082-94. [PMID: 26305249 PMCID: PMC4581342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160820082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies identifying the potential anti-apoptotic role of neuroglobin raise the question as to how cells might employ neuroglobin to avoid the apoptotic impact of acute hypoxia whilst also avoiding chronic enhancement of tumour formation. We show that under likely physiological conditions neuroglobin can take part in a futile redox cycle. Determination of the rate constants for each of the steps in the cycle allows us to mathematically model the steady state concentration of the active anti-apoptotic ferrous form of neuroglobin under various conditions. Under likely normal physiological conditions neuroglobin is shown to be present in the ferrous state at approximately 30% of its total cellular concentration. Under hypoxic conditions this rapidly rises to approximately 80%. Temporal analysis of this model indicates that the transition from low concentrations to high concentration of ferrous neuroglobin occurs on the seconds time scale. These findings indicate a potential control model for the anti-apoptotic activity of neuroglobin, under likely physiological conditions, whereby, in normoxic conditions, the anti-apoptotic activity of neuroglobin is maintained at a low level, whilst immediately a transition occurs to a hypoxic situation, as might arise during stroke, the anti-apoptotic activity is drastically increased. In this way the cell avoids unwanted increased oncogenic potential under normal conditions, but the rapid activation of neuroglobin provides anti-apoptotic protection in times of acute hypoxia.
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Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. Heart mitochondria and calpain 1: Location, function, and targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2372-8. [PMID: 26259540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 1 is an ubiquitous Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine protease. Although calpain 1 has been found in cardiac mitochondria, the exact location within mitochondrial compartments and its function remain unclear. The aim of the current review is to discuss the localization of calpain 1 in different mitochondrial compartments in relationship to its function, especially in pathophysiological conditions. Briefly, mitochondrial calpain 1 (mit-CPN1) is located within the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. Activation of the mit-CPN1 within intermembrane space cleaves apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), whereas the activated mit-CPN1 within matrix cleaves complex I subunits and metabolic enzymes. Inhibition of the mit-CPN1 could be a potential strategy to decrease cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Physiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
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The hydrogen-peroxide-induced radical behaviour in human cytochrome c-phospholipid complexes: implications for the enhanced pro-apoptotic activity of the G41S mutant. Biochem J 2015; 456:441-52. [PMID: 24099549 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated whether the pro-apoptotic properties of the G41S mutant of human cytochrome c can be explained by a higher than wild-type peroxidase activity triggered by phospholipid binding. A key complex in mitochondrial apoptosis involves cytochrome c and the phospholipid cardiolipin. In this complex cytochrome c has its native axial Met(80) ligand dissociated from the haem-iron, considerably augmenting the peroxidase capability of the haem group upon H2O2 binding. By EPR spectroscopy we reveal that the magnitude of changes in the paramagnetic haem states, as well as the yield of protein-bound free radical, is dependent on the phospholipid used and is considerably greater in the G41S mutant. A high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of human cytochrome c was determined and, in combination with the radical EPR signal analysis, two tyrosine residues, Tyr(46) and Tyr(48), have been rationalized to be putative radical sites. Subsequent single and double tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutations revealed that the EPR signal of the radical, found to be similar in all variants, including G41S and wild-type, originates not from a single tyrosine residue, but is instead a superimposition of multiple EPR signals from different radical sites. We propose a mechanism of multiple radical formations in the cytochrome c-phospholipid complexes under H2O2 treatment, consistent with the stabilization of the radical in the G41S mutant, which elicits a greater peroxidase activity from cytochrome c and thus has implications in mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Effects of standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves EGb761 on mitochondrial functions: mechanism(s) of action and dependence on the source of mitochondria and respiratory substrate. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:493-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Marotta P, Amendola E, Scarfò M, De Luca P, Zoppoli P, Amoresano A, De Felice M, Di Lauro R. The paired box transcription factor Pax8 is essential for function and survival of adult thyroid cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 396:26-36. [PMID: 25127920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax8 is already known to be essential at very early stages of mouse thyroid gland development, before the onset of thyroid hormone production. In this paper we show, using a conditional inactivation strategy, that the removal of the Pax8 protein late in gland development results in severe hypothyroidism, consequent to a reduced gland size and a deranged differentiation. These results demonstrate that Pax8 is also an essential player in controlling survival and differentiation of adult thyroid follicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Elena Amendola
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Marzia Scarfò
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Luca
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Di Lauro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Li ZY, Jiang YM, Liu YM, Guo Z, Shen SN, Liu XM, Pan RL. Saikosaponin D acts against corticosterone-induced apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial GR translocation and a GR-dependent pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:80-9. [PMID: 24636912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin D is an agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and our preliminary study showed that it possesses neuroprotective effects in corticosterone-treated PC12 cells. However, further proof is required, and the molecular mechanisms of this neuroprotection remain unclear. This study sought to further examine the cytoprotective efficiency and potential mechanisms of action of Saikosaponin D in corticosterone-treated PC12 cells. The cells were treated with 250 μM corticosterone in the absence or presence of Saikosaponin D for 24 h; cell viability was then determined, and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) and annexin/PI double staining, and TUNEL staining were performed. Next, mPTP, MMP, [Ca(2+)]i, translocation of the GR to the nucleus and Western blot analyses for caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome C, GR, GILZ, SGK-1, NF-Κb (P65), IκB-α, Bad, Akt, Hsp90 and HDAC-6 were investigated. The neuroprotective effects of Saikosaponin D were further confirmed by Hoechst 33342/PI, annexin/PI and TUNEL staining assays. These additional data suggested that Saikosaponin D partially reversed the physiological changes induced by corticosterone by inhibiting the translocation of the GR to the mitochondria, restoring mitochondrial function, down-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic-related signalling events and up-regulating anti-apoptotic-related signalling events. These findings suggest that SSD exhibited its anti-apoptotic effects via differential regulation of mitochondrial and nuclear GR translocation, partial reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and selective activation of the GR-dependent survival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Mao Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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An J, Zhang X, Qin J, Wan Y, Hu Y, Liu T, Li J, Dong W, Du E, Pan C, Zeng W. The histone methyltransferase ESET is required for the survival of spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1196. [PMID: 24763053 PMCID: PMC4001319 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis throughout a male's life. SSC transplantation will be a valuable solution for young male patients to preserve their fertility. As SSCs in the collected testis tissue from the patients are very limited, it is necessary to expansion the SSCs in vitro. Previous studies suggested that histone methyltransferase ERG-associated protein with SET domain (ESET) represses gene expression and is essential for the maintenance of the pool of embryonic stem cells and neurons. The objective of this study was to determine the role of ESET in SSCs using in vitrocell culture and germ cell transplantation. Cell transplantation assay showed that knockdown of ESET reduced the number of seminiferous tubules with spermatogenesis when compared with that of the control. Knockdown of ESET also upregulated the expression of apoptosis-associated genes (such as P53, Caspase9, Apaf1), whereas inhibited the expression of apoptosis-suppressing genes (such as Bcl2l1, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein). In addition, suppression of ESET led to increase in expression of Caspase9 and activation of Caspase3 (P17) as well as cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Among the five ESET-targeting genes (Cox4i2, spermatogenesis and oogenesis Specific Basic Helix-Loop-Helix 2, Nobox, Foxn1 and Dazl) examined by ChIP assay, Cox4i2 was found to regulate SSC apoptosis by the rescue experiment. BSP analyses further showed that DNA methylation in the promoter loci of Cox4i2was influenced by ESET, indicating that ESET also regulated gene expression through DNA methylation in addition to histone methylation. In conclusion, we found that ESET regulated SSC apoptosis by suppressing of Cox4i2 expression through histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation and DNA methylation. The results obtained will provide unique insights that would broaden the research on SSC biology and contribute to the treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - T Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - W Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - E Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - W Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
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The Glutathione System: A New Drug Target in Neuroimmune Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:1059-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pro-oxidative effects of aggregated transthyretin in human Schwannoma cells. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:109-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tait SWG, Green DR. Mitochondrial regulation of cell death. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/9/a008706. [PMID: 24003207 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although required for life, paradoxically, mitochondria are often essential for initiating apoptotic cell death. Mitochondria regulate caspase activation and cell death through an event termed mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP); this leads to the release of various mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins that activate caspases, resulting in apoptosis. MOMP is often considered a point of no return because it typically leads to cell death, even in the absence of caspase activity. Because of this pivotal role in deciding cell fate, deregulation of MOMP impacts on many diseases and represents a fruitful site for therapeutic intervention. Here we discuss the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial permeabilization and how this key event leads to cell death through caspase-dependent and -independent means. We then proceed to explore how the release of mitochondrial proteins may be regulated following MOMP. Finally, we discuss mechanisms that enable cells sometimes to survive MOMP, allowing them, in essence, to return from the point of no return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W G Tait
- Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is conserved from worms to humans and plays a critical role in the normal development and homeostatic control of adult tissues. As a result, numerous diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration are associated with either too little or too much apoptosis. RECENT ADVANCES B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family members regulate cell death, primarily via their effects on mitochondria. In stressed cells, proapoptotic BCL-2 family members promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and cytochrome c (cyt c) release into the cytoplasm, where it stimulates formation of the "apoptosome." This large, multimeric complex is composed of the adapter protein, apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, and the cysteine protease, caspase-9. Recent studies suggest that proteins involved in the processes leading up to (and including) formation of the apoptosome are subject to various forms of post-translational modification, including proteolysis, phosphorylation, and in some cases, direct oxidative modification. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite intense investigation of the intrinsic pathway, significant questions remain regarding how cyt c is released from mitochondria, how the apoptosome is formed and regulated, and how caspase-9 is activated within the complex. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies on the biochemistry of MOMP and apoptosome formation are needed to understand the mechanisms that underpin these critical processes, and novel animal models will be necessary in the future to ascertain the importance of the many posttranslational modifications reported for BCL-2 family members and components of the apoptosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chiao Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Zhang L, Wang L, Hu Y, Liu Z, Tian Y, Wu X, Zhao Y, Tang H, Chen C, Wang Y. Selective metabolic effects of gold nanorods on normal and cancer cells and their application in anticancer drug screening. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7117-26. [PMID: 23787109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cetyltrimethylammonim bromide coated gold nanorods (Au NRs) has a potential to become anti-cancer nano-drugs. Previously, the comparative responses of human alveolar adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) and normal bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) exposed to Au NRs have been characterized. It has been shown that Au NRs are translocated from the lysosome to the mitochondria in A549 cells but not in normal 16HBE cell lines. However, the molecular information during this cellular translocation remains largely undetermined. Here, we have used a metabonomic technique to comparatively analyze the time-dependent metabolic changes in Au NRs-induced A549 and 16HBE. We found that Au NRs exposure caused a disruption in the intracellular environment of both A549 and 16HBE cells, which metabolically manifested in the reduction of lactate levels in both cell lines. In addition, Au NRs induced oxidative stress in both cells lines. However, the 16HBE cells are more able to offset the oxidative stress than the A549 cells; this is because de novo GSH synthesis is triggered in Au NRs treated 16HBE cells but not in A549 cells, and the conversion of GSH to GSSG is more profound in 16HBE cells compared to A549 cells. The severe oxidative stress induces damage to mitochondria in A549 cells, leading to cell death, which is evident in the marked reduction in the levels of nucleosides and nucleotides. Furthermore, significantly elevated levels of amino acids are likely due to stress hormones being produced in Au NRs treated cells. These findings provide comprehensive molecular information on the distinctive intracellular localization, cellular uptake and translocation of Au NRs in normal and tumor cells, highlighting the value of metabonomics in assessing biological effects of nano-drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
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