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De Soricellis G, Rinaldi F, Tengattini S, Temporini C, Negri S, Capelli D, Montanari R, Cena H, Salerno S, Massolini G, Guzzo F, Calleri E. Development of an analytical platform for the affinity screening of natural extracts by SEC-MS towards PPARα and PPARγ receptors. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1309:342666. [PMID: 38772654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and represent the targets for the therapeutical treatment of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia associated with metabolic syndrome. Some medicinal plants have been traditionally used to treat this kind of metabolic diseases. Today only few drugs targeting PPARs have been approved and for this reason, the rapid identification of novel ligands and/or chemical scaffolds starting from natural extracts would benefit of a selective affinity ligand fishing assay. RESULTS In this paper we describe the development of a new ligand fishing assay based on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to LC-MS for the analysis of complex samples such as botanical extracts. The known PPARα and PPARγ ligands, WY-14643 and rosiglitazone respectively, were used for system development and evaluation. The system has found application on an Allium lusitanicum methanolic extract, containing saponins, a class of chemical compounds which have attracted interest as PPARs ligands because of their hypolipidemic and insulin-like properties. SIGNIFICANCE A new SEC-AS-MS method has been developed for the affinity screening of PPARα and PPARγ ligands. The system proved to be highly specific and will be used to improve the throughput for the identification of new selective metabolites from natural souces targeting PPARα and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Soricellis
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - F Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - S Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - C Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - S Negri
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - D Capelli
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, Rome, 00016, Italy
| | - R Montanari
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, Rome, 00016, Italy
| | - H Cena
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy; Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, 27100, Italy; Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - S Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - G Massolini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - F Guzzo
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - E Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy.
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Almeida NMS, Bali SK, James D, Wang C, Wilson AK. Binding of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to the PPARγ/RXRα-DNA Complex. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7423-7443. [PMID: 37990410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are the fundamental building blocks of gene expression regulation and the focus of many drug targets. While binding to DNA, nuclear receptors act as transcription factors, governing a multitude of functions in the human body. Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ (PPARγ) and the retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) form heterodimers with unique properties and have a primordial role in insulin sensitization. This PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer has been shown to be impacted by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and linked to a variety of significant health conditions in humans. Herein, a selection of the most common PFAS (legacy and emerging) was studied utilizing molecular dynamics simulations for PPARγ/RXRα. The local and global structural effects of PFAS binding on the known ligand binding pockets of PPARγ and RXRα as well as the DNA binding domain (DBD) of RXRα were inspected. The binding free energies were predicted computationally and were compared between the different binding pockets. In addition, two electronic structure approaches were utilized to model the interaction of PFAS within the DNA binding domain, density functional theory (DFT) and domain-based pair natural orbital coupled cluster with perturbative triples (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) approaches, with implicit solvation. Residue decomposition and hydrogen-bonding analysis were also performed, detailing the role of prominent residues in molecular recognition. The role of l-carnitine is explored as a potential in vivo remediation strategy for PFAS interaction with the PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer. In this work, it was found that PFAS can bind and act as agonists for all of the investigated pockets. For the first time in the literature, PFAS are postulated to bind to the DNA binding domain in a nonspecific manner. In addition, for the PPARγ ligand binding domain, l-carnitine shows promise in replacing smaller PFAS from the pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M S Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Semiha Kevser Bali
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Deepak James
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
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3
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Wong AR, Yang AWH, Gill H, Lenon GB, Hung A. Mechanisms of Nelumbinis folium targeting PPARγ for weight management: A molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations study. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107495. [PMID: 37742414 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The lotus leaf, Nelumbinis folium (NF), has frequently appeared in obesity clinical trials as an intervention to promote weight loss and improve metabolic profiles. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it interacts with important obesity targets and pathways, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) within the PPAR signalling pathway, were not well understood. This study aims to screen for candidate compounds from NF with desirable pharmacokinetic properties and examine their binding feasibility at the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD). Ligand- and structure-based screening of NF compounds were performed, and a consensus approach has been applied to identify druggable candidates. By examining the pharmacokinetic profiles, a large proportion of NF compounds exhibited favourable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability properties. Furthermore, the binding affinity scores and poses provided new insights on the distinctive binding behaviours of NF compounds at the LBD of PPARγ in its inactive form. Several NF compounds could bind strongly to PPARγ at sub-pockets where partial agonists and antagonists were found to bind and may induce conformational changes that influence co-repressor binding, trans-repression, and gene expression inhibition. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations of a candidate compound (NF129 narcissin) bound to PPARγ revealed conformational stability, residue fluctuation, and binding behaviours comparable to that of the known inhibitor, SR1664. Therefore, it can be proposed that narcissin exhibits characteristics of a PPARγ antagonist. Further experimental validation to support the development of NF129 as a future anti-obesity agent is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rann Wong
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Wei Hong Yang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harsharn Gill
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Binh Lenon
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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4
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3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamate thymol ester inhibits melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes and 3D human epidermal equivalents via the PGC-1α-independent PPARγ partial agonism. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Colin-Lozano B, Torres-Gomez H, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Chávez-Silva F, Estrada-Soto S, Almanza-Pérez JC, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Synthesis, In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Antidiabetic Bioassays of 4-Nitro(thio)phenoxyisobutyric Acids Acting as Unexpected PPARγ Modulators: An In Combo Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010102. [PMID: 35056159 PMCID: PMC8779174 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Four isobutyric acids (two nitro and two acetamido derivatives) were prepared in two steps and characterized using spectral analysis. The mRNA concentrations of PPARγ and GLUT-4 (two proteins documented as key diabetes targets) were increased by 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with compounds 1–4, but an absence of in vitro expression of PPARα was observed. Docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the plausible interaction between the synthesized compounds and PPARγ. In vivo studies established that compounds 1–4 have antihyperglycemic modes of action associated with insulin sensitization. Nitrocompound 2 was the most promising of the series, being orally active, and one of multiple modes of action could be selective PPARγ modulation due to its extra anchoring with Gln-286. In conclusion, we demonstrated that nitrocompound 2 showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered as an experimental antidiabetic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Colin-Lozano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Héctor Torres-Gomez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Products and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- CONACyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-777-329-7089 (ext. 2322)
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Lillich FF, Willems S, Ni X, Kilu W, Borkowsky C, Brodsky M, Kramer JS, Brunst S, Hernandez-Olmos V, Heering J, Schierle S, Kestner RI, Mayser FM, Helmstädter M, Göbel T, Weizel L, Namgaladze D, Kaiser A, Steinhilber D, Pfeilschifter W, Kahnt AS, Proschak A, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Merk D, Proschak E. Structure-Based Design of Dual Partial Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonists/Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17259-17276. [PMID: 34818007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmaceutical regimens often impair treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex disease cluster, including obesity, hypertension, heart disease, and type II diabetes. Simultaneous targeting of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) synergistically counteracted MetS in various in vivo models, and dual sEH inhibitors/PPARγ agonists hold great potential to reduce the problems associated with polypharmacy in the context of MetS. However, full activation of PPARγ leads to fluid retention associated with edema and weight gain, while partial PPARγ agonists do not have these drawbacks. In this study, we designed a dual partial PPARγ agonist/sEH inhibitor using a structure-guided approach. Exhaustive structure-activity relationship studies lead to the successful optimization of the designed lead. Crystal structures of one representative compound with both targets revealed potential points for optimization. The optimized compounds exhibited favorable metabolic stability, toxicity, selectivity, and desirable activity in adipocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Lillich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Ni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carmen Borkowsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirko Brodsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan S Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen Brunst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roxane-I Kestner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska M Mayser
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moritz Helmstädter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tamara Göbel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Waltraud Pfeilschifter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Astrid S Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Citrus Flavanone Narirutin, In Vitro and In Silico Mechanistic Antidiabetic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111818. [PMID: 34834233 PMCID: PMC8619962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits and juices have been studied extensively for their potential involvement in the prevention of various diseases. Flavanones, the characteristic polyphenols of citrus species, are the primarily compounds responsible for these studied health benefits. Using in silico and in vitro methods, we are exploring the possible antidiabetic action of narirutin, a flavanone family member. The goal of the in silico research was to anticipate how narirutin would interact with eight distinct receptors implicated in diabetes control and complications, namely, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), aldose reductase (AldR), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), alpha-amylase (AAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), alpha-glucosidase (AGL), while the in vitro study looked into narirutin’s possible inhibitory impact on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. The results indicate that the studied citrus flavanone interacted remarkably with most of the receptors and had an excellent inhibitory activity during the in vitro tests suggesting its potent role among the different constituent of the citrus compounds in the management of diabetes and also its complications.
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Miyamae Y. Insights into Dynamic Mechanism of Ligand Binding to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ toward Potential Pharmacological Applications. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1185-1195. [PMID: 34471046 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which regulates the transcription of a variety of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. These functions correlate with the onset of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and immune disorders, which makes PPARγ a promising target for drug development. The majority of PPARγ functions are regulated by binding of small molecule ligands, which cause conformational changes of PPARγ followed by coregulator recruitment. The ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ contains a large Y-shaped cavity that can be occupied by various classes of compounds such as full agonists, partial agonists, natural lipids, and in some cases, a combination of multiple molecules. Several crystal structure studies have revealed the binding modes of these compounds in the LBD and insight into the resulting conformational changes. Notably, the apo form of the PPARγ LBD contains a highly mobile region that can be stabilized by ligand binding. Furthermore, recent biophysical investigations have shed light on the dynamic mechanism of how ligands induce conformational changes in PPARγ and result in functional output. This information may be useful for the design of new and repurposed structures of ligands that serve a different function from original compounds and more potent pharmacological effects with less undesirable clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of the peculiar characteristics of the PPARγ LBD by examining a series of structural studies focused on the dynamic mechanism of binding and the potential applications of strategies for ligand screening and chemical labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Miyamae
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba
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9
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Miyachi H. Structural Biology-Based Exploration of Subtype-Selective Agonists for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179223. [PMID: 34502131 PMCID: PMC8430769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as nuclear receptors that have pleiotropic effects on biological responses has enabled the exploration of new subtype-selective PPAR ligands. Such ligands are useful chemical biology/pharmacological tools to investigate the functions of PPARs and are also candidate drugs for the treatment of PPAR-mediated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes our medicinal chemistry research of more than 20 years on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of subtype-selective PPAR agonists, which has been based on two working hypotheses, the ligand superfamily concept and the helix 12 (H12) holding induction concept. X-ray crystallographic analyses of our agonists complexed with each PPAR subtype validate our working hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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10
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Mal S, Dwivedi AR, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumar B, Kumar V. Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Different Disease States: Recent Updates. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3193-3215. [PMID: 32674727 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200716113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand dependant transcription factor, is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPAR exists in three isoforms i.e. PPAR alpha (PPARα), PPAR beta (PPARβ), and PPAR gamma (PPARγ). These are multi-functional transcription factors and help in regulating inflammation, type 2 diabetes, lipid concentration in the body, metastasis, and tumor growth or angiogenesis. Activation of PPARγ causes inhibition of growth of cultured human breast, gastric, lung, prostate, and other cancer cells. PPARγ is mainly involved in fatty acid storage, glucose metabolism, and homeostasis and adipogenesis regulation. A large number of natural and synthetic ligands bind to PPARγ and modulate its activity. Ligands such as thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone effectively bind to PPARγ; however, most of these were found to display severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity, weight gain, cardiovascular complications and bladder tumor. Now the focus is shifted towards the development of dual-acting or pan PPAR ligands. The current review article describes the functions and role of PPARγ in various disease states. In addition, recently reported PPARγ ligands and pan PPAR ligands were discussed in detail. It is envisaged that the present review article may help in the development of potent PPAR ligands with no or minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadeep Mal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
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11
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Yoshikawa C, Ishida H, Ohashi N, Itoh T. Synthesis of a Coumarin-Based PPARγ Fluorescence Probe for Competitive Binding Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4034. [PMID: 33919837 PMCID: PMC8070791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a molecular target of metabolic syndrome and inflammatory disease. PPARγ is an important nuclear receptor and numerous PPARγ ligands were developed to date; thus, efficient assay methods are important. Here, we investigated the incorporation of 7-diethylamino coumarin into the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and used the compound in a binding assay for PPARγ. PPARγ-ligand-incorporated 7-methoxycoumarin, 1, showed weak fluorescence intensity in a previous report. We synthesized PPARγ-ligand-incorporating coumarin, 2, in this report, and it enhanced the fluorescence intensity. The PPARγ ligand 2 maintained the rosiglitazone activity. The obtained partial agonist 6 appeared to act through a novel mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of 2 and 6 increased by binding to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ and the affinity of reported PPARγ ligands were evaluated using the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; (C.Y.); (H.I.); (N.O.)
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12
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Mechchate H, Es-safi I, Mohamed Al kamaly O, Bousta D. Insight into Gentisic Acid Antidiabetic Potential Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071932. [PMID: 33808152 PMCID: PMC8037080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous scientific studies have confirmed the beneficial therapeutic effects of phenolic acids. Among them gentisic acid (GA), a phenolic acid extensively found in many fruit and vegetables has been associated with an enormous confirmed health benefit. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of gentisic acid and highlight its mechanisms of action following in silico and in vitro approaches. The in silico study was intended to predict the interaction of GA with eight different receptors highly involved in the management and complications of diabetes (dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), aldose reductase (AldR), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), α-amylase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and α-glucosidase), while the in vitro study studied the potential inhibitory effect of GA against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The results indicate that GA interacted moderately with most of the receptors and had a moderate inhibitory activity during the in vitro tests. The study therefore encourages further in vivo studies to confirm the given results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Department of Biology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FSDM-Fez 30050, Morocco; (I.E.-s.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Department of Biology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FSDM-Fez 30050, Morocco; (I.E.-s.); (D.B.)
| | - Omkulthom Mohamed Al kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Department of Biology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FSDM-Fez 30050, Morocco; (I.E.-s.); (D.B.)
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13
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An In Silico Comparative Study of Anti-inflammatory Role of Biochanin A and Genistein with 9 Omega-3-fatty Acids Using Complex Docking Analysis with PPARγ and GPR120. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Peiretti F, Montanari R, Capelli D, Bonardo B, Colson C, Amri EZ, Grimaldi M, Balaguer P, Ito K, Roeder RG, Pochetti G, Brunel JM. A Novel N-Substituted Valine Derivative with Unique Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Binding Properties and Biological Activities. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13124-13139. [PMID: 33142057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A proprietary library of novel N-aryl-substituted amino acid derivatives bearing a hydroxamate head group allowed the identification of compound 3a that possesses weak proadipogenic and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activating properties. The systematic optimization of 3a, in order to improve its PPARγ agonist activity, led to the synthesis of compound 7j (N-aryl-substituted valine derivative) that possesses dual PPARγ/PPARα agonistic activity. Structural and kinetic analyses reveal that 7j occupies the typical ligand binding domain of the PPARγ agonists with, however, a unique high-affinity binding mode. Furthermore, 7j is highly effective in preventing cyclin-dependent kinase 5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ serine 273. Although less proadipogenic than rosiglitazone, 7j significantly increases adipocyte insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and efficiently promotes white-to-brown adipocyte conversion. In addition, 7j prevents oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in hepatoma cells. The unique biochemical properties and biological activities of compound 7j suggest that it would be a promising candidate for the development of compounds to reduce insulin resistance, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cécilia Colson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, University of Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, University of Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
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15
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In-Vivo Antidiabetic Activity and In-Silico Mode of Action of LC/MS-MS Identified Flavonoids in Oleaster Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215073. [PMID: 33139638 PMCID: PMC7663640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Olea europea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris (Mill) Lehr (Oleaster) is a wild endemic olive tree indigenous to the Mediterranean region. Olea europea leaves represent a natural reservoir of bioactive molecules that can be used for therapeutic purposes. Aim of the study: This work was conducted to study antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities of flavonoids from oleaster leaves using alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The mode of action of flavonoids against eight receptors that have a high impact on diabetes management and complication was also investigated using molecular docking. Results: During 28 days of mice treatment with doses 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w, the studied flavonoids managed a severe diabetic state (<450 mg/dL), exhibiting a spectacular antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activity, and improved mice health status compared to diabetic control. The in-silico mode of action of oleaster flavonoids revealed the inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4), α-Amylase (AAM), α-Glucosidase inhibition, Aldose reductase (AldR), Glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and the activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1). Conclusion: The findings obtained in the present work indicate that the flavonoids from the oleaster may constitute a safe multi-target remedy to treat diabetes.
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16
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Montanari R, Capelli D, Yamamoto K, Awaishima H, Nishikata K, Barendregt A, Heck AJR, Loiodice F, Altieri F, Paiardini A, Grottesi A, Pirone L, Pedone E, Peiretti F, Brunel JM, Itoh T, Pochetti G. Insights into PPARγ Phosphorylation and Its Inhibition Mechanism. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4811-4823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hirono Awaishima
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kimina Nishikata
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Arjan Barendregt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science4Life, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science4Life, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France
| | | | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
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17
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Maccarrone M. Missing Pieces to the Endocannabinoid Puzzle. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:263-272. [PMID: 31822395 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The most bioactive ingredient of cannabis (Cannabis sativa or indica) extracts, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was identified in the 1960s as one of more than 110 phytocannabinoids. It activates receptors of chemically different endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) that, unlike THC, are metabolized by several enzymes of the endocannabinoid system. Here, the complexity of the plant-derived and endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) is discussed, to better appreciate the challenge of: (i) dissecting their mutual interactions; (ii) understanding their impact on human pathophysiology; and (iii) exploiting them for human disease. To this aim, missing pieces to the eCB puzzle must be urgently found, by solving the 3D structures of key components, and interrogating noncanonical modes of regulation and trafficking of these lipid signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Giampietro L, Laghezza A, Cerchia C, Florio R, Recinella L, Capone F, Ammazzalorso A, Bruno I, De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Ferrante C, Maccallini C, Tortorella P, Verginelli F, Brunetti L, Cama A, Amoroso R, Loiodice F, Lavecchia A. Novel Phenyldiazenyl Fibrate Analogues as PPAR α/γ/δ Pan-Agonists for the Amelioration of Metabolic Syndrome. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:545-551. [PMID: 30996794 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of PPARα/γ dual or PPARα/γ/δ pan-agonists could represent an efficacious approach for a simultaneous pharmacological intervention on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Two series of new phenyldiazenyl fibrate derivatives of GL479, a previously reported PPARα/γ dual agonist, were synthesized and tested. Compound 12a was identified as a PPAR pan-agonist with moderate and balanced activity on the three PPAR isoforms (α, γ, δ). Moreover, docking experiments showed that 12a adopts a different binding mode in PPARγ compared to PPARα or PPARδ, providing a structural basis for further structure-guided design of PPAR pan-agonists. The beneficial effects of 12a were evaluated both in vitro, on the expression of PPAR target key metabolic genes, and ex vivo in two rat tissue inflammatory models. The obtained results allow considering this compound as an interesting lead for the development of a new class of PPAR pan-agonists endowed with an activation profile exploitable for therapy of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Department of Pharmacy, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Capone
- Department of Pharmacy, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Isabella Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d.Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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19
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Evans RJ, Pline K, Loynes CA, Needs S, Aldrovandi M, Tiefenbach J, Bielska E, Rubino RE, Nicol CJ, May RC, Krause HM, O’Donnell VB, Renshaw SA, Johnston SA. 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 activates host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) to promote Cryptococcus neoformans growth during infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007597. [PMID: 30921435 PMCID: PMC6438442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infection in humans worldwide. C. neoformans uses macrophages as a proliferative niche to increase infective burden and avoid immune surveillance. However, the specific mechanisms by which C. neoformans manipulates host immunity to promote its growth during infection remain ill-defined. Here we demonstrate that eicosanoid lipid mediators manipulated and/or produced by C. neoformans play a key role in regulating pathogenesis. C. neoformans is known to secrete several eicosanoids that are highly similar to those found in vertebrate hosts. Using eicosanoid deficient cryptococcal mutants Δplb1 and Δlac1, we demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 is required by C. neoformans for proliferation within macrophages and in vivo during infection. Genetic and pharmacological disruption of host PGE2 synthesis is not required for promotion of cryptococcal growth by eicosanoid production. We find that PGE2 must be dehydrogenated into 15-keto-PGE2 to promote fungal growth, a finding that implicated the host nuclear receptor PPAR-γ. C. neoformans infection of macrophages activates host PPAR-γ and its inhibition is sufficient to abrogate the effect of 15-keto-PGE2 in promoting fungal growth during infection. Thus, we describe the first mechanism of reliance on pathogen-derived eicosanoids in fungal pathogenesis and the specific role of 15-keto-PGE2 and host PPAR-γ in cryptococcosis. Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for significant numbers of deaths in the immunocompromised population worldwide. Here we address whether eicosanoids produced by C. neoformans manipulate host innate immune cells during infection. Cryptococcus neoformans produces several eicosanoids that are notable for their similarity to vertebrate eicosanoids, it is therefore possible that fungal-derived eicosanoids may provoke physiological effects in the host. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo infection models we identify a specific eicosanoid species—prostaglandin E2 –that is required by C. neoformans for growth during infection. We subsequently show that prostaglandin E2 must be converted to 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 within the host before it has these effects. Furthermore, we find that prostaglandin E2/15-keto-prostaglandin E2 mediated virulence is via activation of host PPAR-γ –an intracellular eicosanoid receptor known to interact with 15-keto-PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Evans
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Pline
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. Loynes
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Needs
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Tiefenbach
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- InDanio Bioscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ewa Bielska
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. Rubino
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin C. May
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Henry M. Krause
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- InDanio Bioscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Johnston
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Understanding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: From the Structure to the Regulatory Actions on Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:39-57. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Brust R, Shang J, Fuhrmann J, Mosure SA, Bass J, Cano A, Heidari Z, Chrisman IM, Nemetchek MD, Blayo AL, Griffin PR, Kamenecka TM, Hughes TS, Kojetin DJ. A structural mechanism for directing corepressor-selective inverse agonism of PPARγ. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4687. [PMID: 30409975 PMCID: PMC6224492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small chemical modifications can have significant effects on ligand efficacy and receptor activity, but the underlying structural mechanisms can be difficult to predict from static crystal structures alone. Here we show how a simple phenyl-to-pyridyl substitution between two common covalent orthosteric ligands targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma converts a transcriptionally neutral antagonist (GW9662) into a repressive inverse agonist (T0070907) relative to basal cellular activity. X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis coupled to activity assays reveal a water-mediated hydrogen bond network linking the T0070907 pyridyl group to Arg288 that is essential for corepressor-selective inverse agonism. NMR spectroscopy reveals that PPARγ exchanges between two long-lived conformations when bound to T0070907 but not GW9662, including a conformation that prepopulates a corepressor-bound state, priming PPARγ for high affinity corepressor binding. Our findings demonstrate that ligand engagement of Arg288 may provide routes for developing corepressor-selective repressive PPARγ ligands. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a target for insulin sensitizing drugs. Here the authors combine NMR, X-ray crystallography and MD simulations and report a structural mechanism for eliciting PPARγ inverse agonism, where coactivator binding is inhibited and corepressor binding promoted, which causes PPARγ repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brust
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jinsai Shang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jakob Fuhrmann
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sarah A Mosure
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jared Bass
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Andrew Cano
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,High School Student Summer Internship Program, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MO, 59812, USA.,Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Ian M Chrisman
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Michelle D Nemetchek
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Blayo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Travis S Hughes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MO, 59812, USA.,Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Douglas J Kojetin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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22
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Govindarajulu M, Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Ghanei N, Suppiramaniam V, Amin R. Signaling Mechanisms of Selective PPAR γ Modulators in Alzheimer's Disease. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:2010675. [PMID: 30420872 PMCID: PMC6215547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal protein accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. The continuous increase in the incidence of AD with the aged population and mortality rate indicates the urgent need for establishing novel molecular targets for therapeutic potential. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reduce amyloid and tau pathologies, inhibit neuroinflammation, and improve memory impairments in several rodent models and in humans with mild-to-moderate AD. However, these agonists display poor blood brain barrier permeability resulting in inadequate bioavailability in the brain and thus requiring high dosing with chronic time frames. Furthermore, these dosing levels are associated with several adverse effects including increased incidence of weight gain, liver abnormalities, and heart failure. Therefore, there is a need for identifying novel compounds which target PPARγ more selectively in the brain and could provide therapeutic benefits without a high incidence of adverse effects. This review focuses on how PPARγ agonists influence various pathologies in AD with emphasis on development of novel selective PPARγ modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nila Ghanei
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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23
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Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Cerchia C, Montanari R, Capelli D, Giudici M, Crestani M, Tortorella P, Peiretti F, Pochetti G, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. Identification of the First PPARα/γ Dual Agonist Able To Bind to Canonical and Alternative Sites of PPARγ and To Inhibit Its Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8282-8298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Giudici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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24
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Kim S, Li A, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin induces a transcriptional response without a brite adipocyte signature in adipocyte models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2859-2874. [PMID: 30027469 DOI: 10.1101/328203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand and founding member of the environmental obesogen chemical class, induces adipocyte differentiation and suppresses bone formation. A growing number of environmental PPARγ ligands are being identified. However, the potential for environmental PPARγ ligands to induce adverse metabolic effects has been questioned because PPARγ is a therapeutic target in treatment of type II diabetes. We evaluated the molecular consequences of TBT exposure during bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) differentiation in comparison to rosiglitazone, a therapeutic PPARγ ligand, and LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand. Mouse primary BM-MSCs (female, C57BL/6J) undergoing bone differentiation were exposed to maximally efficacious and human relevant concentrations of rosiglitazone (100 nM), LG100268 (100 nM) or TBT (80 nM) for 4 days. Gene expression was assessed using microarrays, and in silico functional annotation was performed using pathway enrichment analysis approaches. Pathways related to osteogenesis were downregulated by all three ligands, while pathways related to adipogenesis were upregulated by rosiglitazone and TBT. However, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-in-white (brite) adipocyte differentiation were more significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated than TBT-treated cells. The lack of induction of genes involved in adipocyte energy dissipation by TBT was confirmed by an independent gene expression analysis in BM-MSCs undergoing adipocyte differentiation and by analysis of a publically available 3T3 L1 data set. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, but not TBT, induced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study is the first to show that an environmental PPARγ ligand has a limited capacity to induce health-promoting activities of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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25
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Temporini C, Brusotti G, Pochetti G, Massolini G, Calleri E. Affinity-based separation methods for the study of biological interactions: The case of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in drug discovery. Methods 2018; 146:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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26
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Kim S, Li A, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin induces a transcriptional response without a brite adipocyte signature in adipocyte models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2859-2874. [PMID: 30027469 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand and founding member of the environmental obesogen chemical class, induces adipocyte differentiation and suppresses bone formation. A growing number of environmental PPARγ ligands are being identified. However, the potential for environmental PPARγ ligands to induce adverse metabolic effects has been questioned because PPARγ is a therapeutic target in treatment of type II diabetes. We evaluated the molecular consequences of TBT exposure during bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) differentiation in comparison to rosiglitazone, a therapeutic PPARγ ligand, and LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand. Mouse primary BM-MSCs (female, C57BL/6J) undergoing bone differentiation were exposed to maximally efficacious and human relevant concentrations of rosiglitazone (100 nM), LG100268 (100 nM) or TBT (80 nM) for 4 days. Gene expression was assessed using microarrays, and in silico functional annotation was performed using pathway enrichment analysis approaches. Pathways related to osteogenesis were downregulated by all three ligands, while pathways related to adipogenesis were upregulated by rosiglitazone and TBT. However, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-in-white (brite) adipocyte differentiation were more significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated than TBT-treated cells. The lack of induction of genes involved in adipocyte energy dissipation by TBT was confirmed by an independent gene expression analysis in BM-MSCs undergoing adipocyte differentiation and by analysis of a publically available 3T3 L1 data set. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, but not TBT, induced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study is the first to show that an environmental PPARγ ligand has a limited capacity to induce health-promoting activities of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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27
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Prabhu DS, Rajeswari VD. In vitro and in silico analyses of Vicia faba L. on Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7729-7737. [PMID: 29923224 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) from natural victual products were used as antidiabetic agents. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a consequential legume that was known to possess potential antidiabetic activity, whose mechanism of action was unknown. The current study was focused to ascertain gene expression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ by Faba bean pod extract in rat cell lines (RINm5F).The real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that Faba bean pod extract in concentrations of 160 µg/mL have shown 4.97-fold stimulation compared with control. The cells treated with 320 µg/mL has shown 5.89-fold upregulation, respectively. Furthermore, in silico docking analysis was carried out against PPARγ, using the bioactive compounds identified from Faba bean pod extracts, which were known reported compounds from the literature. The results suggest that gene expression of PPARγ was inhibited by the constituents in Faba bean. In silico analysis prognosticates, butein has a high binding energy (-8.6 kcal/mol) with an atomic contact energy of -214.10, followed by Apigenin and Quercetin against PPARγ. Similarly, the percentage of interaction was high for butein, followed by Apigenin and Quercetin than other compounds comparatively. Hence, the results conclude inhibition of PPARγ by the bioactive compounds from Faba bean, which may provide insights into developing future therapeutic molecules for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sathya Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Selective PPARγ modulators for Type 2 diabetes treatment: how far have we come and what does the future hold? Future Med Chem 2018; 10:703-705. [PMID: 29671628 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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29
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Guo M, Guo G, Xiao J, Sheng X, Zhang X, Tie Y, Cheng YK, Ji X. Ginsenoside Rg3 stereoisomers differentially inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in diabetic atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3202-3214. [PMID: 29566305 PMCID: PMC5980205 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside 20(R/S)‐Rg3, as a natural peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand, has been reported to exhibit differential biological effects. It is of great interest to understand the stereochemical selectivity of 20(R/S)‐Rg3 and explore whether differential PPARγ activation by Rg3 stereoisomers, if it exists, could lead to differential physiological outcome and therapeutic effects in diabetic atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the binding modes of 20(R/S)‐Rg3 stereoisomers in the PPARγ ligand‐binding domain (PPARγ‐LBD) using molecular modelling and their effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The results revealed that 20(S)‐Rg3 exhibited stronger antiproliferative and antimigratory effects due to stronger PPARγ activation. To validate the in vitro results, we used a mice model with diabetic atherosclerosis and obtained that 20(S)‐Rg3 markedly reduced the plaque size secondary to reducing the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, while the plaques were more stable due to improvements in other plaque compositions. The results shed light on the structural difference between Rg3 stereoisomers that can lead to significant differential physiological outcome, and the (S)‐isomer seems to be the more potent isomer to be developed as a promising drug for diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanlun Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuen-Kit Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong city, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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30
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Brusotti G, Montanari R, Capelli D, Cattaneo G, Laghezza A, Tortorella P, Loiodice F, Peiretti F, Bonardo B, Paiardini A, Calleri E, Pochetti G. Betulinic acid is a PPARγ antagonist that improves glucose uptake, promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5777. [PMID: 28720829 PMCID: PMC5516003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PPAR antagonists are ligands that bind their receptor with high affinity without transactivation activity. Recently, they have been demonstrated to maintain insulin-sensitizing and antidiabetic properties, and they serve as an alternative treatment for metabolic diseases. In this work, an affinity-based bioassay was found to be effective for selecting PPAR ligands from the dried extract of an African plant (Diospyros bipindensis). Among the ligands, we identified betulinic acid (BA), a compound already known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and antidiabetic properties, as a PPARγ and PPARα antagonist. Cell differentiation assays showed that BA inhibits adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis; either down-regulates or does not affect the expression of a series of adipogenic markers; and up-regulates the expression of osteogenic markers. Moreover, BA increases basal glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The crystal structure of the complex of BA with PPARγ sheds light, at the molecular level, on the mechanism by which BA antagonizes PPARγ, and indicates a unique binding mode of this antagonist type. The results of this study show that the natural compound BA could be an interesting and safe candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Brusotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29, 300, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29, 300, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Inserm UMR 1062, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bernadette Bonardo
- Inserm UMR 1062, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29, 300, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy.
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31
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Sharifi T, Ghayeb Y. A computational study to identify the key residues of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the interactions with its antagonists. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1822-1833. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1335618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Sharifi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousef Ghayeb
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan, Iran
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32
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of PPARγ, a Protein at the Crossroads of Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020361. [PMID: 28208577 PMCID: PMC5343896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome polymorphisms are responsible for phenotypic differences between humans and for individual susceptibility to genetic diseases and therapeutic responses. Non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) lead to protein variants with a change in the amino acid sequence that may affect the structure and/or function of the protein and may be utilized as efficient structural and functional markers of association to complex diseases. This study is focused on nsSNP variants of the ligand binding domain of PPARγ a nuclear receptor in the superfamily of ligand inducible transcription factors that play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism and in several processes ranging from cellular differentiation and development to carcinogenesis. Here we selected nine nsSNPs variants of the PPARγ ligand binding domain, V290M, R357A, R397C, F360L, P467L, Q286P, R288H, E324K, and E460K, expressed in cancer tissues and/or associated with partial lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. The effects of a single amino acid change on the thermodynamic stability of PPARγ, its spectral properties, and molecular dynamics have been investigated. The nsSNPs PPARγ variants show alteration of dynamics and tertiary contacts that impair the correct reciprocal positioning of helices 3 and 12, crucially important for PPARγ functioning.
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33
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Piemontese L, Cerchia C, Laghezza A, Ziccardi P, Sblano S, Tortorella P, Iacobazzi V, Infantino V, Convertini P, Dal Piaz F, Lupo A, Colantuoni V, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. New diphenylmethane derivatives as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma dual agonists endowed with anti-proliferative effects and mitochondrial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:379-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Identification of a novel selective PPARγ ligand with a unique binding mode and improved therapeutic profile in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41487. [PMID: 28128331 PMCID: PMC5270246 DOI: 10.1038/srep41487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZD) function as potent anti-diabetic drugs through their direct action on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), but their therapeutic benefits are compromised by severe side effects. To address this concern, here we developed a potent “hit” compound, VSP-51, which is a novel selective PPARγ-modulating ligand with improved therapeutic profiles in vitro compared to the multi-billion dollar TZD drug rosiglitazone (Rosi). Unlike Rosi, VSP-51 is a partial agonist of PPARγ with improved insulin sensitivity due to its ability to bind PPARγ with high affinity without stimulating adipocyte differentiation and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. We have determined the crystal structure of the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) in complex with VSP-51, which revealed a unique mode of binding for VSP-51 and provides the molecular basis for the discrimination between VSP-51 from TZDs and other ligands such as telmisartan, SR1663 and SR1664. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that: a) VSP-51 can serve as a promising candidate for anti-diabetic drug discovery; and b) provide a rational basis for the development of future pharmacological agents targeting PPARγ with advantages over current TZD drugs.
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35
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A compound-based proteomic approach discloses 15-ketoatractyligenin methyl ester as a new PPARγ partial agonist with anti-proliferative ability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41273. [PMID: 28117438 PMCID: PMC5259791 DOI: 10.1038/srep41273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics based approaches are emerging as useful tools to identify the targets of bioactive compounds and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action. Here, we applied a chemical proteomic strategy to identify the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a molecular target of the pro-apoptotic agent 15-ketoatractyligenin methyl ester (compound 1). We demonstrated that compound 1 interacts with PPARγ, forms a covalent bond with the thiol group of C285 and occupies the sub-pocket between helix H3 and the β-sheet of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the receptor by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), mass spectrometry-based studies and docking experiments. 1 displayed partial agonism of PPARγ in cell-based transactivation assays and was found to inhibit the AKT pathway, as well as its downstream targets. Consistently, a selective PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) greatly reduced the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of 1, providing the molecular basis of its action. Collectively, we identified 1 as a novel PPARγ partial agonist and elucidated its mode of action, paving the way for therapeutic strategies aimed at tailoring novel PPARγ ligands with reduced undesired harmful side effects.
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36
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Structural basis for PPAR partial or full activation revealed by a novel ligand binding mode. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34792. [PMID: 27708429 PMCID: PMC5052532 DOI: 10.1038/srep34792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of the metabolic homeostasis and therefore represent valuable therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. The development of more balanced drugs interacting with PPARs, devoid of the side-effects showed by the currently marketed PPARγ full agonists, is considered the major challenge for the pharmaceutical companies. Here we present a structure-based virtual screening approach that let us identify a novel PPAR pan-agonist with a very attractive activity profile and its crystal structure in the complex with PPARα and PPARγ, respectively. In PPARα this ligand occupies a new pocket whose filling is allowed by the ligand-induced switching of the F273 side chain from a closed to an open conformation. The comparison between this pocket and the corresponding cavity in PPARγ provides a rationale for the different activation of the ligand towards PPARα and PPARγ, suggesting a novel basis for ligand design.
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Bock A, Bermudez M, Krebs F, Matera C, Chirinda B, Sydow D, Dallanoce C, Holzgrabe U, De Amici M, Lohse MJ, Wolber G, Mohr K. Ligand Binding Ensembles Determine Graded Agonist Efficacies at a G Protein-coupled Receptor. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16375-89. [PMID: 27298318 PMCID: PMC4965584 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.735431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors constitute the largest family of membrane receptors and modulate almost every physiological process in humans. Binding of agonists to G protein-coupled receptors induces a shift from inactive to active receptor conformations. Biophysical studies of the dynamic equilibrium of receptors suggest that a portion of receptors can remain in inactive states even in the presence of saturating concentrations of agonist and G protein mimetic. However, the molecular details of agonist-bound inactive receptors are poorly understood. Here we use the model of bitopic orthosteric/allosteric (i.e. dualsteric) agonists for muscarinic M2 receptors to demonstrate the existence and function of such inactive agonist·receptor complexes on a molecular level. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, dynophores (i.e. a combination of static three-dimensional pharmacophores and molecular dynamics-based conformational sampling), ligand design, and receptor mutagenesis, we show that inactive agonist·receptor complexes can result from agonist binding to the allosteric vestibule alone, whereas the dualsteric binding mode produces active receptors. Each agonist forms a distinct ligand binding ensemble, and different agonist efficacies depend on the fraction of purely allosteric (i.e. inactive) versus dualsteric (i.e. active) binding modes. We propose that this concept may explain why agonist·receptor complexes can be inactive and that adopting multiple binding modes may be generalized also to small agonists where binding modes will be only subtly different and confined to only one binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bock
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany,
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 und 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Fabian Krebs
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi," Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Brian Chirinda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominique Sydow
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 und 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi," Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco De Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi," Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Martin J Lohse
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 und 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany,
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38
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Identifying potential PPARγ agonist/partial agonist from plant molecules to control type 2 diabetes using in silico and in vivo models. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Screening of saponins and sapogenins from Medicago species as potential PPARγ agonists and X-ray structure of the complex PPARγ/caulophyllogenin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27658. [PMID: 27283034 PMCID: PMC4901321 DOI: 10.1038/srep27658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of saponins and sapogenins from Medicago species were tested for their ability to bind and activate the nuclear receptor PPARγ by SPR experiments and transactivation assay, respectively. The SPR analysis proved to be a very powerful and fast technique for screening a large number of compounds for their affinity to PPARγ and selecting the better candidates for further studies. Based on the obtained results, the sapogenin caulophyllogenin was proved to be a partial agonist towards PPARγ and the X-ray structure of its complex with PPARγ was also solved, in order to investigate the binding mode in the ligand binding domain of the nuclear receptor. This is the first known crystal structure of a sapogenin directly interacting with PPARγ. Another compound of the series, the echinocistic acid, showed antagonist activity towards PPARγ, a property that could be useful to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation which is a typical adverse effect of PPARγ agonists. This study confirms the interest on saponins and sapogenins as a valuable natural resource exploitable in the medical and food industry for ameliorating the metabolic syndrome.
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40
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Hu G, Huang M, Luo C, Wang Q, Zou JW. Interactions between pyrazole derived enantiomers and Chiralcel OJ: Prediction of enantiomer absolute configurations and elution order by molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 66:123-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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The antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of cladosporols A and B are related to their different binding mode as PPARγ ligands. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 108:22-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Ricci CG, Silveira RL, Rivalta I, Batista VS, Skaf MS. Allosteric Pathways in the PPARγ-RXRα nuclear receptor complex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19940. [PMID: 26823026 PMCID: PMC4731802 DOI: 10.1038/srep19940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the nature of allostery in DNA-nuclear receptor (NR) complexes is of fundamental importance for drug development since NRs regulate the transcription of a myriad of genes in humans and other metazoans. Here, we investigate allostery in the peroxisome proliferator-activated/retinoid X receptor heterodimer. This important NR complex is a target for antidiabetic drugs since it binds to DNA and functions as a transcription factor essential for insulin sensitization and lipid metabolism. We find evidence of interdependent motions of Ω-loops and PPARγ-DNA binding domain with contacts susceptible to conformational changes and mutations, critical for regulating transcriptional functions in response to sequence-dependent DNA dynamics. Statistical network analysis of the correlated motions, observed in molecular dynamics simulations, shows preferential allosteric pathways with convergence centers comprised of polar amino acid residues. These findings are particularly relevant for the design of allosteric modulators of ligand-dependent transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse G Ricci
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Cx. P. 6154, Campinas SP 13084-862, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Silveira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Cx. P. 6154, Campinas SP 13084-862, Brazil
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR 5182, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8167, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8167, United States
| | - Munir S Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Cx. P. 6154, Campinas SP 13084-862, Brazil
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43
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Dixit VA, Rathi PC, Bhagat S, Gohlke H, Petersen RK, Kristiansen K, Chakraborti AK, Bharatam PV. Design and synthesis of novel Y-shaped barbituric acid derivatives as PPARγ activators. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:423-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Anami Y, Sakamaki Y, Itoh T, Inaba Y, Nakabayashi M, Ikura T, Ito N, Yamamoto K. Fine tuning of agonistic/antagonistic activity for vitamin D receptor by 22-alkyl chain length of ligands: 22S-Hexyl compound unexpectedly restored agonistic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Puhl AC, Milton FA, Cvoro A, Sieglaff DH, Campos JCL, Bernardes A, Filgueira CS, Lindemann JL, Deng T, Neves FAR, Polikarpov I, Webb P. Mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ regulation by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2015; 13:e004. [PMID: 26445566 PMCID: PMC4594550 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenases and blocking prostaglandin production. Previous studies, however, suggested that some NSAIDs also modulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), raising the possibility that such off target effects contribute to the spectrum of clinically relevant NSAID actions. In this study, we set out to understand how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ/PPARG) interacts with NSAIDs using X-ray crystallography and to relate ligand binding modes to effects on receptor activity. We find that several NSAIDs (sulindac sulfide, diclofenac, indomethacin and ibuprofen) bind PPARγ and modulate PPARγ activity at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Diclofenac acts as a partial agonist and binds to the PPARγ ligand binding pocket (LBP) in typical partial agonist mode, near the β-sheets and helix 3. By contrast, two copies of indomethacin and sulindac sulfide bind the LBP and, in aggregate, these ligands engage in LBP contacts that resemble agonists. Accordingly, both compounds, and ibuprofen, act as strong partial agonists. Assessment of NSAID activities in PPARγ-dependent 3T3-L1 cells reveals that NSAIDs display adipogenic activities and exclusively regulate PPARγ-dependent target genes in a manner that is consistent with their observed binding modes. Further, PPARγ knockdown eliminates indomethacin activities at selected endogenous genes, confirming receptor-dependence of observed effects. We propose that it is important to consider how individual NSAIDs interact with PPARγ to understand their activities, and that it will be interesting to determine whether high dose NSAID therapies result in PPAR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Puhl
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Flora A Milton
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Douglas H Sieglaff
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Jéssica C L Campos
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Amanda Bernardes
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Carly S Filgueira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Jan Lammel Lindemann
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Tuo Deng
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Francisco A R Neves
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
| | - Paul Webb
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP)
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46
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Review of the Structural and Dynamic Mechanisms of PPARγ Partial Agonism. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:816856. [PMID: 26435709 PMCID: PMC4578752 DOI: 10.1155/2015/816856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ) is a ligand activated transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily that controls the expression of a variety of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, adipogenesis, and insulin sensitivity. While endogenous ligands of PPARγ include fatty acids and eicosanoids, synthetic full agonists of the receptor, including members of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, have been widely prescribed for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Unfortunately, the use of full agonists has been hampered by harsh side effects with some removed from the market in many countries. In contrast, partial agonists of PPARγ have been shown to retain favourable insulin sensitizing effects while exhibiting little to no side effects and thus represent a new potential class of therapeutics for the treatment of T2DM. Partial agonists have been found to not only display differences in transcriptional and cellular outcomes, but also act through distinct structural and dynamic mechanisms within the ligand binding cavity compared to full agonists.
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47
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dos Santos JC, Bernardes A, Giampietro L, Ammazzalorso A, De Filippis B, Amoroso R, Polikarpov I. Different binding and recognition modes of GL479, a dual agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α/γ. J Struct Biol 2015; 191:332-40. [PMID: 26185032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that control various functions in human organism, including the control of glucose and lipid metabolism. PPARγ is a target of TZD agonists, clinically used to improve insulin sensitivity whereas fibrates, PPARα ligands, lower serum triglyceride levels. We report here the structural studies of GL479, a synthetic dual PPARα/γ agonist, designed by a combination of clofibric acid skeleton and a phenyldiazenyl moiety, as bioisosteric replacement of stilbene group, in complex with both PPARα and PPARγ receptors. GL479 was previously reported as a partial agonist of PPARγ and a full agonist of PPARα with high affinity for both PPARs. Our structural studies reveal different binding modes of GL479 to PPARα and PPARγ, which may explain the distinct activation behaviors observed for each receptor. In both cases the ligand interacts with a Tyr located at helix 12 (H12), resulting in the receptor active conformation. In the complex with PPARα, GL479 occupies the same region of the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) observed for other full agonists, whereas GL479 bound to PPARγ displays a new binding mode. Our results indicate a novel region of PPARs LBP that may be explored for the design of partial agonists as well dual PPARα/γ agonists that combine, simultaneously, the therapeutic effects of the treatment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jademilson Celestino dos Santos
- Grupo de Biotecnologia Molecular, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bernardes
- Grupo de Biotecnologia Molecular, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Letizia Giampietro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi 'G. d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi 'G. d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi 'G. d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi 'G. d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Grupo de Biotecnologia Molecular, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
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48
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Mottin M, Souza PCT, Skaf MS. Molecular Recognition of PPARγ by Kinase Cdk5/p25: Insights from a Combination of Protein–Protein Docking and Adaptive Biasing Force Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8330-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mottin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13082-864, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. T. Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13082-864, Brazil
| | - Munir S. Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13082-864, Brazil
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49
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Lemkul JA, Lewis SN, Bassaganya-Riera J, Bevan DR. Phosphorylation of PPARγ Affects the Collective Motions of the PPARγ-RXRα-DNA Complex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123984. [PMID: 25954810 PMCID: PMC4425662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that forms a heterodimeric complex with retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα) to regulate transcription of genes involved in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. PPARγ is a target for pharmaceutical intervention in type 2 diabetes, and insight into interactions between PPARγ, RXRα, and DNA is of interest in understanding the function and regulation of this complex. Phosphorylation of PPARγ by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been shown to dysregulate the expression of metabolic regulation genes, an effect that is counteracted by PPARγ ligands. We applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the relationship between the ligand-binding domains of PPARγ and RXRα with their respective DNA-binding domains. Our results reveal that phosphorylation alters collective motions within the PPARγ-RXRα complex that affect the LBD-LBD dimerization interface and the AF-2 coactivator binding region of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Lemkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie N. Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David R. Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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50
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Ohashi M, Oyama T, Miyachi H. Different structures of the two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand-binding domains in homodimeric complex with partial agonist, but not full agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2639-44. [PMID: 25987371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized acylsulfonamide derivative (3) as a human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (hPPARγ) partial agonist by structural modification of hPPARγ full agonist 1. Co-crystallization of 3 with hPPARγ LBD afforded a homodimeric complex, and X-ray crystallographic analysis at 2.1Å resolution showed that one of the LBDs adopts a fully active structure identical with that in the complex of rosiglitazone, a full agonist; however, the other LBD in the complex of 3 exhibits a different (non-fully active) structure. Interestingly, the apo-homodimer contained similar LBD structures. Intrigued by these results, we surveyed reported X-ray crystal structures of partial agonists complexed with hPPARγ LBD homodimer, and identified several types of LBD structures distinct from the fully active structure. In contrast, both LBDs in the rosiglitazone complex have the fully active structure. These results suggest hPPARγ partial agonists lack the ability to induce fully active LBD. The presence of at least one non-fully active LBD in the agonist complex may be a useful criterion to distinguish hPPARγ partial agonists from full agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Ohashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-37 Takeda, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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