1
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Alhowail AH, Eggert M, Bloemer J, Pinky PD, Woodie L, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya D, Buabeid MA, Smith B, Dhanasekaran M, Piazza G, Reed MN, Escobar M, Arnold RD, Suppiramaniam V. Phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide ameliorates hippocampal long-term potentiation and cognitive deficits following doxorubicin treatment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294280. [PMID: 37948406 PMCID: PMC10637675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced memory loss ("chemobrain") can occur following treatment with the widely used chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). However, the mechanisms through which DOX induces cognitive dysfunction are not clear, and there are no commercially available therapies for its treatment or prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide (PAESe), an antioxidant drug previously demonstrated to reduce cardiotoxicity associated with DOX treatment, against DOX-induced chemobrain. Four groups of male athymic NCr nude (nu/nu) mice received five weekly tail-vein injections of saline (Control group), 5 mg/kg of DOX (DOX group), 10 mg/kg PAESe (PAESe group), or 5 mg/kg DOX and 10 mg/kg PAESe (DOX+PAESe group). Spatial memory was evaluated using Y-maze and novel object location tasks, while synaptic plasticity was assessed through the measurement of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials from the Schaffer collateral circuit. Western blot analyses were performed to assess hippocampal protein and phosphorylation levels. In this model, DOX impaired synaptic plasticity and memory, and increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK). Co-administration of PAESe reduced Akt and ERK phosphorylation and ameliorated the synaptic and memory deficits associated with DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Alhowail
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Lauren Woodie
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Manal A. Buabeid
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Bruce Smith
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Gary Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Martha Escobar
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
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2
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Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Smith WD, Du Y, Heslin RT, Setti SE, Pfitzer JC, Chowdhury K, Hong H, Bhattacharya S, Dhanasekaran M, Dityatev A, Reed MN, Suppiramaniam V. Prenatal Cannabinoid Exposure Elicits Memory Deficits Associated with Reduced PSA-NCAM Expression, Altered Glutamatergic Signaling, and Adaptations in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Cells 2023; 12:2525. [PMID: 37947603 PMCID: PMC10648717 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is now one of the most commonly used illicit substances among pregnant women. This is particularly concerning since developmental exposure to cannabinoids can elicit enduring neurofunctional and cognitive alterations. This study investigates the mechanisms of learning and memory deficits resulting from prenatal cannabinoid exposure (PCE) in adolescent offspring. The synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 was administered to pregnant rats, and a series of behavioral, electrophysiological, and immunochemical studies were performed to identify potential mechanisms of memory deficits in the adolescent offspring. Hippocampal-dependent memory deficits in adolescent PCE animals were associated with decreased long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhanced long-term depression (LTD) at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, as well as an imbalance between GluN2A- and GluN2B-mediated signaling. Moreover, PCE reduced gene and protein expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialylated-NCAM (PSA-NCAM), which are critical for GluN2A and GluN2B signaling balance. Administration of exogenous PSA abrogated the LTP deficits observed in PCE animals, suggesting PSA mediated alterations in GluN2A- and GluN2B- signaling pathways may be responsible for the impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity resulting from PCE. These findings enhance our current understanding of how PCE affects memory and how this process can be manipulated for future therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Warren D. Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ryan T. Heslin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sharay E. Setti
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeremiah C. Pfitzer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kawsar Chowdhury
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Keck Graduate Institute, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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3
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Steinke I, Govindarajulu M, Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Yoo S, Ward T, Schaedig T, Young T, Wibowo FS, Suppiramaniam V, Amin RH. Selective PPAR-Delta/PPAR-Gamma Activation Improves Cognition in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081116. [PMID: 37190025 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The continuously increasing association of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with increased mortality rates indicates an unmet medical need and the critical need for establishing novel molecular targets for therapeutic potential. Agonists for peroxisomal proliferator activating receptors (PPAR) are known to regulate energy in the body and have shown positive effects against Alzheimer's disease. There are three members of this class (delta, gamma, and alpha), with PPAR-gamma being the most studied, as these pharmaceutical agonists offer promise for AD because they reduce amyloid beta and tau pathologies, display anti-inflammatory properties, and improve cognition. However, they display poor brain bioavailability and are associated with several adverse side effects on human health, thus limiting their clinical application. Methods: We have developed a novel series of PPAR-delta and PPAR-gamma agonists in silico with AU9 as our lead compound that displays selective amino acid interactions focused upon avoiding the Tyr-473 epitope in the PPAR-gamma AF2 ligand binding domain. Results: This design helps to avoid the unwanted side effects of current PPAR-gamma agonists and improve behavioral deficits and synaptic plasticity while reducing amyloid-beta levels and inflammation in 3xTgAD animals. Conclusions: Our innovative in silico design of PPAR-delta/gamma agonists may offer new perspectives for this class of agonists for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Steinke
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Priyanka Das Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sieun Yoo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Tracey Ward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
| | - Taylor Schaedig
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Taylor Young
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Fajar Setyo Wibowo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
- College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 31044, USA
| | - Rajesh H Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
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4
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Varbanov H, Jia S, Kochlamazashvili G, Bhattacharya S, Buabeid MA, El Tabbal M, Hayani H, Stoyanov S, Sun W, Thiesler H, Röckle I, Hildebrandt H, Senkov O, Suppiramaniam V, Gerardy-Schahn R, Dityatev A. Rescue of synaptic and cognitive functions in polysialic acid-deficient mice and dementia models by short polysialic acid fragments. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106079. [PMID: 36918046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cortical expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and deficits of its associated polysialic acid (polySia) have been found in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. However, the functional role of polySia in cortical synaptic plasticity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that acute enzymatic removal of polySia in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) slices leads to increased transmission mediated by the GluN1/GluN2B subtype of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), increased NMDAR-mediated extrasynaptic tonic currents, and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). The latter could be fully rescued by pharmacological suppression of GluN1/GluN2B receptors, or by application of short soluble polySia fragments that inhibited opening of GluN1/GluN2B channels. These treatments and augmentation of synaptic NMDARs with the glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor sarcosine also restored LTP in mice deficient in polysialyltransferase ST8SIA4. Furthermore, the impaired performance of polySia-deficient mice and two models of Alzheimer's disease in the mPFC-dependent cognitive tasks could be rescued by intranasal administration of polySia fragments. Our data demonstrate the essential role of polySia-NCAM in the balancing of signaling through synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDARs in mPFC and highlight the therapeutic potential of short polySia fragments to restrain GluN1/GluN2B-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Varbanov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, OE 4230, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Shaobo Jia
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gaga Kochlamazashvili
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- School of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Manal Ali Buabeid
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohamed El Tabbal
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hussam Hayani
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stoyan Stoyanov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Weilun Sun
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Röckle
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oleg Senkov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, GA 30144, USA
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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5
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Pinky PD, Pfitzer JC, Senfeld J, Hong H, Bhattacharya S, Suppiramaniam V, Qureshi I, Reed MN. Recent Insights on Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscientist 2022:10738584211069897. [PMID: 35073787 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211069897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a critical public health challenge, and there is an urgent need for novel treatment options. Glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain, plays a critical role in mediating cognitive and behavioral functions; and clinical symptoms in AD patients are highly correlated with the loss of glutamatergic synapses. In this review, we highlight how dysregulated glutamatergic mechanisms can underpin cognitive and behavioral impairments and contribute to the progression of AD via complex interactions with neuronal and neural network hyperactivity, Aβ, tau, glial dysfunction, and other disease-associated factors. We focus on the tripartite synapse, where glutamatergic neurotransmission occurs, and evidence elucidating how the tripartite synapse can be pathologically altered in AD. We also discuss promising therapeutic approaches that have the potential to rescue these deficits. These emerging data support the development of novel glutamatergic drug candidates as compelling approaches for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka D Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jeremiah C Pfitzer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jared Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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6
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Alhowail AH, Pinky PD, Eggert M, Bloemer J, Woodie LN, Buabeid MA, Bhattacharya S, Jasper SL, Bhattacharya D, Dhanasekaran M, Escobar M, Arnold RD, Suppiramaniam V. Doxorubicin induces dysregulation of AMPA receptor and impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity leading to learning and memory deficits. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07456. [PMID: 34296005 PMCID: PMC8282984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapeutic agent used widely to treat a variety of malignant cancers. However, Dox chemotherapy is associated with several adverse effects, including "chemobrain," the observation that cancer patients exhibit through learning and memory difficulties extending even beyond treatment. This study investigated the effect of Dox treatment on learning and memory as well as hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Dox-treated mice (5 mg/kg weekly x 5) demonstrated impaired performance in the Y-maze spatial memory task and a significant reduction in hippocampal long-term potentiation. The deficit in synaptic plasticity was mirrored by deficits in the functionality of synaptic `α-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) channels, including reduced probability of opening, decreased dwell open time, and increased closed times. Furthermore, a reduction in the AMPAR subunit GluA1 level, its downstream signaling molecule Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were observed. This was also accompanied by an increase in extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Together these data suggest that Dox-induced cognitive impairments are at least partially due to alterations in the expression and functionality of the glutamatergic AMPAR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Matthew Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren N. Woodie
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manal A. Buabeid
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Shanese L. Jasper
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Martha Escobar
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Robert D. Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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7
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Pinky PD, Majrashi M, Fujihashi A, Bloemer J, Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Reed MN, Moore T, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Effects of prenatal synthetic cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum of adolescent rat offspring. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06730. [PMID: 33912711 PMCID: PMC8066425 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. Recently, cannabis use among young pregnant women has greatly increased. However, prenatal cannabinoid exposure leads to long-lasting cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits in the offspring and alterations in neural circuitry through various mechanisms. Although these effects have been studied in the hippocampus, the effects of prenatal cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum are not well elucidated. The cerebellum plays an important role in balance and motor control, as well as cognitive functions such as attention, language, and procedural memories. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum of adolescent offspring. Pregnant rats were treated with synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2, and the offspring were evaluated for various cerebellar markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. Additionally, signaling proteins associated with glutamate dependent synaptic plasticity were examined. Administration of WIN55,212-2 during pregnancy altered markers of oxidative stress by significantly reducing oxidative stress and nitrite content. Mitochondrial Complex I and Complex IV activities were also enhanced following prenatal cannabinoid exposure. With regard to apoptosis, pP38 levels were significantly increased, and proapoptotic factor caspase-3 activity, pERK, and pJNK levels were significantly decreased. CB1R and GluA1 levels remained unchanged; however, GluN2A was significantly reduced. There was a significant decrease in MAO activity although tyrosine hydroxylase activity was unaltered. Our study indicates that the effects of prenatal cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum are unique compared to other brain regions by enhancing mitochondrial function and promoting neuronal survival. Further studies are required to evaluate the mechanisms by which prenatal cannabinoid exposure alters cerebellar processes and the impact of these alterations on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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8
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Chen F, Fang S, Du Y, Ghosh A, Reed MN, Long Y, Suppiramaniam V, Tang S, Hong H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CysLT1R deletion reverses synaptic failure, amyloidosis and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6634-6661. [PMID: 33591941 PMCID: PMC7993729 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) is regarded as a causative factor for cognitive impairment. Extensive studies have found Aβ induces a series of pathophysiological responses, finally leading to memory loss in AD. Our previous results demonstrated that cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonists improved exogenous Aβ-induced memory impairment. But the role of CysLT1R in AD and its underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated CysLT1R levels in AD patients and APP/PS1 mice. We also generated APP/PS1-CysLT1R-/- mice by clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated CysLT1R deletion in APP/PS1 mice and studied the effect of CysLT1R knockout on amyloidogenesis, synapse structure and plasticity, cognition, neuroinflammation, and kynurenine pathway. These attributes were also studied after lentivirus-mediated knockdown of CysLT1R gene in APP/PS1 mice. We found that CysLT1R knockout or knockdown could conserve synaptic structure and plasticity, and improve cognition in APP/PS1 mice. These effects were associated with concurrent decreases in amyloid processing, reduced neuroinflammation and suppression of the kynurenine pathway. Our study demonstrates that CysLT1R deficiency can mediate several beneficial effects against AD pathogenesis, and genetic/pharmacological ablation of this protein could be a potential therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shunchang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Majrashi M, Altukri M, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Schwartz J, Almaghrabi M, Smith F, Thomas T, Suppiramaniam V, Moore T, Reed M, Dhanasekaran M. β-hydroxybutyric acid attenuates oxidative stress and improves markers of mitochondrial function in the HT-22 hippocampal cell line. J Integr Neurosci 2021; 20:321-329. [PMID: 34258930 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies have been the topic of research for their possible therapeutic neurotropic effects in various neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, dementia, and seizures. However, continuing research on ketone bodies as a prophylactic agent for decreasing the risk for various neurodegenerative diseases is currently required. In this paper, hippocampal HT-22 cells were treated with β-hydroxybutyric acid at different doses to elucidate the neurotropic effects. In addition, markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis were investigated. As a result, the ketone body (β-hydroxybutyric acid) showed a significant increase in hippocampal neuronal viability at a moderate dose. Results show that β-hydroxybutyric acid exhibited antioxidant effect by decreasing prooxidant oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species, nitrite content, and increasing glutathione content leading to decreased lipid peroxidation. Results show that β-hydroxybutyric acid improved mitochondrial functions by increasing Complex-I and Complex-IV activities and showing that β-hydroxybutyric acid significantly reduces caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities. Finally, using computational pharmacokinetics and molecular modeling software, we validated the pharmacokinetic effects and pharmacodynamic (N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid and acetylcholinesterase) interactions of β-hydroxybutyric acid. The computational studies demonstrate that β-hydroxybutyric acid can interact with N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and cholinesterase enzyme (the prime pharmacodynamic targets for cognitive impairment) and further validates its oral absorption, distribution into the central nervous system. Therefore, this work highlights the neuroprotective potential of ketone bodies in cognitive-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, 23890 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Altukri
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 34212 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jack Schwartz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, 42311 Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Forrest Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tony Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Miranda Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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10
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Alhowail A, Zhang LX, Buabeid M, Shen JZ, Suppiramaniam V. Role of the purinergic P2Y2 receptor in hippocampal function in mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:11858-11864. [PMID: 33275273 PMCID: PMC10015965 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the purinergic P2Y2 receptor in learning and memory processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Behavioral, electrophysiological, and biochemical tests of memory function were conducted in P2Y2 receptor knockout (P2Y2R-KO) mice, and the findings were compared to those of wild-type mice with the help of unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS The findings of the behavioral Y-maze test showed that the P2Y2R-KO mice had impaired memory and cognitive function. Electrophysiological studies on paired-pulse facilitation showed that glutamate release was higher in the P2Y2R-KO mice than in the WT mice. Furthermore, PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of acetylcholinesterase E (AChE) and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) were increased in the hippocampus of P2Y2R-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that P2Y2 receptors are important regulators of both glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Alatawi Y, Hansen RA, Chou C, Qian J, Suppiramaniam V, Cao G. The impact of cognitive impairment on survival and medication adherence among older women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:277-288. [PMID: 32909167 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of preexisting cognitive impairments on survival and medication adherence, and whether chronic medication adherence mediates or moderates the association between cognitive impairments and mortality in patients with breast cancer. METHODS This retrospective cohort study of older female patients diagnosed with breast cancer was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare Linked Database. We examined the risk of mortality from cancer and non-cancer causes in patients with and without a history of cognitive impairment. In addition, we examined if chronic medication adherence rates differ between these groups of patients and if medication adherence mediates or moderates the association between cognitive impairments and non-cancer mortality. RESULTS Mortality from cancer-specific (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23) and non-cancer causes (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.21) as well as all-cause mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.23-1.38) was significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairments compared to those without cognitive impairment. Both groups showed low adherence levels to chronic medication before and after the breast cancer diagnosis. Further analysis did not show that medication adherence mediates or moderates the relationship between cognitive impairment and non-cancer mortality (p value > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that older female patients with cognitive impairments and a breast cancer diagnosis have a heightened risk of cancer-specific and non-cancer mortality. Our findings do not indicate that chronic medication adherence plays a role in the association between a history of cognitive impairment and mortality, it is still necessary to further investigate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Alatawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Collage of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 7970 King Fahad Rd, Tabuk, 47713-2611, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Richard A Hansen
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chiahung Chou
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Guanqun Cao
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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12
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Govindarajulu M, Pinky PD, Steinke I, Bloemer J, Ramesh S, Kariharan T, Rella RT, Bhattacharya S, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V, Amin RH. Gut Metabolite TMAO Induces Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Promoting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:138. [PMID: 32903435 PMCID: PMC7437142 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is strongly associated with metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate that Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbe-dependent metabolite is implicated in the development of age-related cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms of the impact of TMAO on neuronal function has not been elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between TMAO and deficits in synaptic plasticity in an Alzheimer’s model (3×Tg-AD) and insulin resistance (Leptin deficient db/db) mouse by measuring plasma and brain levels of TMAO. We observed increased TMAO levels in the plasma and brain of both db/db and 3×Tg-AD mice in comparison to wild-type mice. Besides, TMAO levels further increased as mice progressed in age. Deficits in synaptic plasticity, in the form of reduced long-term potentiation (LTP), were noted in both groups of mice in comparison to wild-type mice. To further explore the impact of TMAO on neuronal function, we utilized an ex-vivo model by incubating wild-type hippocampal brain slices with TMAO and found impaired synaptic transmission. We observed that TMAO induced the PERK-EIF2α-ER stress signaling axis in TMAO treated ex-vivo slices as well as in both db/db and 3×Tg-AD mice. Lastly, we also observed altered presynaptic and reduced postsynaptic receptor expression. Our findings suggest that TMAO may induce deficits in synaptic plasticity through the ER stress-mediated PERK signaling pathway. Our results offer novel insight into the mechanism by which TMAO may induce cognitive deficits by promoting ER stress and identifies potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Priyanka D Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ian Steinke
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Thiruchelvan Kariharan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert T Rella
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh H Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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13
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Das Pinky P, Bloemer J, Du Y, Setti SE, Heslin RT, Smith WD, Dityatev A, Reed MN, Suppiramaniam V. Prenatal Cannabinoid Exposure Mediated Cognitive Deficits in the Offspring: Elucidation of the Mechanism and Identifying Therapeutic Targets. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Petrisko TJ, Bloemer J, Pinky PD, Srinivas S, Heslin RT, Du Y, Setti SE, Hong H, Suppiramaniam V, Konat GW, Reed MN. Neuronal CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis Mediates the Induction of Cerebral Hyperexcitability by Peripheral Viral Challenge. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:220. [PMID: 32265633 PMCID: PMC7105801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral infections can potently exacerbate neuropathological conditions, though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC) induces a robust generation of CXCL10 chemokine in the hippocampus. The hippocampus also features hyperexcitability of neuronal circuits following PIC challenge. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of CXCL10 in mediating the development of hyperexcitability in response to PIC challenge. Briefly, young female C57BL/6 mice were i.p. injected with PIC, and after 24 h, the brains were analyzed by confocal microscopy. CXCL10 staining of neuronal perikarya and a less intense staining of the neuropil was observed in the hippocampus and cortex. CXCL10 staining was also evident in a subpopulation of astrocytes, whereas microglia were CXCL10 negative. CXCR3, the cognate receptor of CXCL10 was present exclusively on neurons, indicating that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis operates through an autocrine/paracrine neuronal signaling. Blocking cerebral CXCR3 through intracerebroventricular injection of a specific inhibitor, AMG487, abrogated PIC challenge-induced increase in basal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), as well as the reduction of paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), in the hippocampus. The PIC-mediated abolishment of hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) was also restored after administration of AMG487. Moreover, CXCR3 inhibition attenuated seizure hypersensitivity induced by PIC challenge. The efficacy of AMG487 strongly strengthens the notion that CXCL10/CXCR3 axis mediates the induction of cerebral hyperexcitability by PIC challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Petrisko
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Priyanka D Pinky
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sriraja Srinivas
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ryan T Heslin
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yifeng Du
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sharay E Setti
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Gregory W Konat
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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15
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Alhowail AH, Bloemer J, Majrashi M, Pinky PD, Bhattacharya S, Yongli Z, Bhattacharya D, Eggert M, Woodie L, Buabeid MA, Johnson N, Broadwater A, Smith B, Dhanasekaran M, Arnold RD, Suppiramaniam V. Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity is associated with acute alterations in synaptic plasticity, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:457-466. [PMID: 31010378 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are commonly reported by patients following treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens are associated with cognitive impairment and reductions in neuronal connectivity in cancer survivors, and doxorubicin (Dox) is a commonly used anthracycline. Although it has been reported that Dox distribution to the central nervous system (CNS) is limited, considerable Dox concentrations are observed in the brain with co-administration of certain medications. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are overproduced in cancer or in response to chemotherapy, can reduce the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acute neurotoxic effects of Dox on hippocampal neurons. In this study, we utilized a hippocampal cell line (H19-7/IGF-IR) along with rodent hippocampal slices to evaluate the acute neurotoxic effects of Dox. Hippocampal slices were used to measure long-term potentiation (LTP), and expression of proteins was determined by immunoblotting. Cellular assays for mitochondrial complex activity and lipid peroxidation were also utilized. We observed reduction in LTP in hippocampal slices with Dox. In addition, lipid peroxidation was increased as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content indicating oxidative stress. Caspase-3 expression was increased indicating an increased propensity for cell death. Finally, the phosphorylation of signaling molecules which modulate LTP including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt were increased. This data indicates that acute Dox exposure dose-dependently impairs synaptic processes associated with hippocampal neurotransmission, induces apoptosis, and increases lipid peroxidation leading to neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alhowail
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Priyanka D Pinky
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | | | - Zhang Yongli
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA.,b Tianjin Huanhu Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Matthew Eggert
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Lauren Woodie
- c Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management , College of Human Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Manal A Buabeid
- d College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Ajman University , Ajman , UAE
| | - Nathaniel Johnson
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Alyssa Broadwater
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Bruce Smith
- e Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology , College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | | | - Robert D Arnold
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
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16
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Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Smith WD, Moore T, Hong H, Suppiramaniam V, Reed MN. Prenatal cannabinoid exposure and altered neurotransmission. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:181-194. [PMID: 30771373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Marijuana is one of the most commonly used illicit drugs worldwide. In addition, use of synthetic cannabinoids is increasing, especially among adolescents and young adults. Although human studies have shown that the use of marijuana during pregnancy leads to adverse behavioral effects, such as deficiencies in attention and executive function in affected offspring, the rate of marijuana use among pregnant women is steadily increasing. Various aspects of human behavior including emotion, learning, and memory are dependent on complex interactions between multiple neurotransmitter systems that are especially vulnerable to alterations during the developmental period. Thus, exploration of neurotransmitter changes in response to prenatal cannabinoid exposure is crucial to develop an understanding of how homeostatic imbalance and various long-term neurobehavioral deficits manifest following the abuse of marijuana or other synthetic cannabinoids during pregnancy. Current literature confirms that vast alterations to neurotransmitter systems are present following prenatal cannabinoid exposure, and many of these alterations within the brain are region specific, time-dependent, and sexually dimorphic. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of observed changes to various neurotransmitter systems following cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy and to draw possible correlations to reported behavioral alterations in affected offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka D Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Warren D Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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17
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Chen F, Yu X, Meng G, Mei Z, Du Y, Sun H, Reed MN, Kong L, Suppiramaniam V, Hong H, Tang S. Hippocampal Genetic Knockdown of PPARδ Causes Depression-Like Behaviors and Neurogenesis Suppression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:372-382. [PMID: 31038173 PMCID: PMC6545535 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Our previous study showed that hippocampal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) overexpression displays antidepressive effect and enhances hippocampal neurogenesis during chronic stress. Herein, we further extended our curiosity to investigate whether downregulating PPARδ could cause depressive-like behaviors through downregulation of neurogenesis. METHODS Stereotaxic injection of lentiviral vector, expressing short hairpin RNA complementary to the coding exon of PPARδ, was done into the bilateral dentate gyri of the hippocampus, and the depression-like behaviors were observed in mice. Additionally, hippocampal neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP response element-binding protein were measured both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Hippocampal PPARδ knockdown caused depressive-like behaviors and significantly decreased neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein in the hippocampus. In vitro study further confirmed that PPARδ knockdown could inhibit proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Furthermore, these effects were mimicked by repeated systemic administration of a PPARδ antagonist, GSK0660 (1 or 3 mg/kg i.p. for 21 d). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that downregulation of hippocampal PPARδ is associated with depressive behaviors in mice through an inhibitory effect on cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuben Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Department of Pharmacy,First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlin Mei
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Correspondence: Susu Tang, PhD (), and Hao Hong, PhD (), Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,Correspondence: Susu Tang, PhD (), and Hao Hong, PhD (), Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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18
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Abdel-Rahman EA, Bhattacharya S, Buabeid M, Majrashi M, Bloemer J, Tao YX, Dhanasekaran M, Escobar M, Amin R, Suppiramaniam V. PPAR-δ Activation Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Modulating Integrin-linked Kinase and AMPA Receptor Function. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:693-702. [PMID: 31008686 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1598307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 9% of the American population experiences type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to diet or genetic predisposition. Recent reports indicate that patients with T2DM are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunctions, as observed in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, AD is the leading cause of dementia, highlighting the urgency of developing novel therapeutic targets for T2DM-induced cognitive deficits. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) is highly expressed in the brain and has been shown to play an important role in spatial memory and hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the effect of PPAR-δ agonists on T2DM-induced cognitive impairment has not been explored. In this study, the effects of GW0742 (a selective PPAR-δ agonist) on hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity, and spatial memory were investigated in the db/db mouse model of T2DM. Oral administration of GW0742 for 2 weeks significantly improved hippocampal long-term potentiation. In addition, GW0742 effectively prevented deficits in hippocampal dependent spatial memory in db/db mice. PPAR-δ-mediated improvements in synaptic plasticity and behavior were accompanied by a significant recovery in hippocampal α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. Our findings suggest that activation of PPAR-δ might ameliorate T2DM-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt**
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA**
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE**
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Martha Escobar
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA*
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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19
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Wu X, Liu C, Chen L, Du YF, Hu M, Reed MN, Long Y, Suppiramaniam V, Hong H, Tang SS. Protective effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:166-175. [PMID: 30986644 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is neuroprotective in different animal models of neurological diseases. However, whether TGR5 agonist TUDCA can improve lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment in mice is less clear. Using a model of cognitive impairment with LPS (2.0 μg) we investigated the effects of TUDCA (200 or 400 μg) on cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity in mice. Both Morris water maze and Y-maze avoidance tests showed that TUDCA treatment significantly alleviated LPS-induced behavioral impairments. More importantly, we found that TUDCA treatment reversed TGR5 down-regulation, prevented neuroinflammation via inhibiting NF-κB signaling in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice. Additionally, TUDCA treatment decreased LPS-induced apoptosis through decreasing TUNEL-positive cells and the overexpression of caspase-3, increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. TUDCA treatment also ameliorated synaptic plasticity impairments by increasing the ratio of mBDNF/proBDNF, the number of dendritic spines and the expression of synapse-associated proteins in the hippocampus. Our results indicated that TUDCA can improve cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity induced by LPS in mice, which is involved in TGR5-mediated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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20
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Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Setti SE, Heslin RT, Smith WD, Du Y, Dityatev A, Reed MN, Suppiramaniam V. Mechanism of Prenatal Cannabinoid Exposure Mediated Memory Loss in Adolescent Offspring: Opportunities for Identifying Therapeutic Target. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.804.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAL
| | | | - Ryan T Heslin
- Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAL
| | | | - Yifeng Du
- Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAL
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21
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Wu X, Lv YG, Du YF, Hu M, Reed MN, Long Y, Suppiramaniam V, Hong H, Tang SS. Inhibitory effect of INT-777 on lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:360-374. [PMID: 30144494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and memory impairment. Herein, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 6-ethyl-23(S)-methyl-cholic acid (INT-777), a specific G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) agonist, in the LPS-treated mouse model of acute neurotoxicity. Single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of LPS remarkably induced mouse behavioral impairments in Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze avoidance tests, which were ameliorated by INT-777 (1.5 or 3.0 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) treatment. Importantly, INT-777 treatment reversed LPS-induced TGR5 down-regulation, suppressed the increase of nuclear NF-κB p65, and mitigated neuroinflammation, evidenced by lower proinflammatory cytokines, less activation of microglia, and increased the ratio of p-CREB/CREB or mBDNF/proBDNF in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. In addition, INT-777 treatment also suppressed neuronal apoptosis, as indicated by the reduction of TUNEL-positive cells, decreased activation of caspase-3, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and ameliorated synaptic dysfunction as evidenced by the upregulation of PSD95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Taken together, this study showed the potential neuroprotective effects of INT-777 against LPS-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang-Ge Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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22
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Bloemer J, Pinky PD, Smith WD, Bhattacharya D, Chauhan A, Govindarajulu M, Hong H, Dhanasekaran M, Judd R, Amin RH, Reed MN, Suppiramaniam V. Adiponectin Knockout Mice Display Cognitive and Synaptic Deficits. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31824431 PMCID: PMC6886372 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine that has recently been under investigation for potential neuroprotective effects in various brain disorders including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and depression. Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are found throughout various brain regions, including the hippocampus. However, the role of these receptors in synaptic and cognitive function is not clear. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to evaluate synaptic and cognitive function in the absence of adiponectin. The current study utilized 12-month-old adiponectin knockout (APN-KO) mice and age-matched controls to study cognitive and hippocampal synaptic alterations. We determined that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are present in the synaptosome, with AdipoR2 displaying increased presynaptic vs. postsynaptic localization, whereas AdipoR1 was enriched in both the presynaptic and postsynaptic fractions. APN-KO mice displayed cognitive deficits in the novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. This was mirrored by deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) of the hippocampal Schaefer collateral pathway in APN-KO mice. APN-KO mice also displayed a reduction in basal synaptic transmission and an increase in presynaptic release probability. Deficits in LTP were rescued through hippocampal slice incubation with the adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, indicating that acute alterations in adiponectin receptor signaling influence synaptic function. Along with the deficits in LTP, altered levels of key presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission were observed in APN-KO mice. Taken together, these results indicate that adiponectin is an important regulator of cognition and synaptic function in the hippocampus. Future studies should examine the role of specific adiponectin receptors in synaptic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Warren D. Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Alisa Chauhan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert Judd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh H. Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Miranda N. Reed
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Vishnu Suppiramaniam
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23
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Govindarajulu M, Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Ghanei N, Suppiramaniam V, Amin R. Signaling Mechanisms of Selective PPAR γ Modulators in Alzheimer's Disease. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:2010675. [PMID: 30420872 PMCID: PMC6215547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal protein accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. The continuous increase in the incidence of AD with the aged population and mortality rate indicates the urgent need for establishing novel molecular targets for therapeutic potential. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reduce amyloid and tau pathologies, inhibit neuroinflammation, and improve memory impairments in several rodent models and in humans with mild-to-moderate AD. However, these agonists display poor blood brain barrier permeability resulting in inadequate bioavailability in the brain and thus requiring high dosing with chronic time frames. Furthermore, these dosing levels are associated with several adverse effects including increased incidence of weight gain, liver abnormalities, and heart failure. Therefore, there is a need for identifying novel compounds which target PPARγ more selectively in the brain and could provide therapeutic benefits without a high incidence of adverse effects. This review focuses on how PPARγ agonists influence various pathologies in AD with emphasis on development of novel selective PPARγ modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nila Ghanei
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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24
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Wu X, Lv YG, Du YF, Chen F, Reed MN, Hu M, Suppiramaniam V, Tang SS, Hong H. Neuroprotective effects of INT-777 against Aβ 1-42-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:533-545. [PMID: 29935310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that the neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition plays a causative role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 6α-ethyl-23(S)-methylcholic acid (S-EMCA, INT-777), a specific G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) agonist, in the Aβ1-42-treated mouse model of acute neurotoxicity. Single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of aggregated Aβ1-42 (410 pmol/mouse; 5 μl) into the mouse brain induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction. In contrast, INT-777 (1.5 or 3.0 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) significantly improved Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment, as reflected by better performance in memory tests. Importantly, INT-777 treatment reversed Aβ1-42-induced TGR5 down-regulation, suppressed the increase of nuclear NF-κB p65, and mitigated neuroinflammation, as evidenced by lower proinflammatory cytokines and less Iba1-positive cells in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. INT-777 treatment also pronouncedly suppressed apoptosis through the reduction of TUNEL-positive cells, decreased caspase-3 activation, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and ameliorated synaptic dysfunction by promoting dendritic spine generation with the upregulation of postsynaptic and presynaptic proteins (PSD95 and synaptophysin) in Aβ1-42-treated mice. Our results indicate that INT-777 has potent neuroprotective effects against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the activation of TGR5 could be a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang-Ge Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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25
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Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Suppiramaniam V, Moore T, Dhanasekaran M. Autotaxin⁻Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071827. [PMID: 29933579 PMCID: PMC6073975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain contains various forms of lipids that are important for maintaining its structural integrity and regulating various signaling cascades. Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2 enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular lysophospholipids into the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA is a major bioactive lipid which acts through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and plays an important role in mediating cellular signaling processes. The majority of synthesized LPA is derived from membrane phospholipids through the action of the secreted enzyme ATX. Both ATX and LPA are highly expressed in the central nervous system. Dysfunctional expression and activity of ATX with associated changes in LPA signaling have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review focuses on the current understanding of LPA signaling, with emphasis on the importance of the autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid (ATX–LPA) pathway and its alterations in AD and a brief note on future therapeutic applications based on ATX–LPA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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26
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Lynd T, Govindarajulu M, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V. Honokiol and Pioglitazone Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies
in vitro
and
ex vivo. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.552.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Jones E, Govindarajulu M, Knowlton S, Suppiramaniam V. Autotaxin and Glutamate Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Mice Model. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.552.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellery Jones
- Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAL
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28
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Wang H, Chen F, Du YF, Long Y, Reed MN, Hu M, Suppiramaniam V, Hong H, Tang SS. Targeted inhibition of RAGE reduces amyloid-β influx across the blood-brain barrier and improves cognitive deficits in db/db mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 131:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Li DD, Xie H, Du YF, Long Y, Reed MN, Hu M, Suppiramaniam V, Hong H, Tang SS. Antidepressant-like effect of zileuton is accompanied by hippocampal neuroinflammation reduction and CREB/BDNF upregulation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:672-680. [PMID: 29174741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated beneficial effects of zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) inhibitor, on some brain diseases in animal models, but the role of zileuton in the depression remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the effects of zileuton on depressive behaviors using tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The 5LO level, activation of microglia, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and c-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were determined in the mouse hippocampus. RESULTS We firstly found that the expression of hippocampal 5LO was gradually increased over LPS exposure and was reversed by fluoxetine administration. Zileuton significantly suppressed LPS-induced depressive behaviors, evidenced by the decreases in immobility time in TST and FST, as well as the latency to feed in NSFT. This treatment pronouncedly alleviated LPS-induced neuroinflammatory response, characterized by decreased 5LO, suppressed activation of microglia, decreased NF-κB p65, TNF-α and IL-1β, and significantly increased the ratio of p-CREB/CREB or mBDNF/proBDNF in the hippocampus of the LPS-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS Zileuton abrogates LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation, and enhances CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampus, suggesting that zileuton could have potential therapeutic value for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Lynd T, Briggs G, Adamek D, Jones E, Heiner J, Majrashi M, Moore T, Amin R, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. SIRT3 activator Honokiol attenuates β-Amyloid by modulating amyloidogenic pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190350. [PMID: 29324783 PMCID: PMC5764272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol (poly-phenolic lignan from Magnolia grandiflora) is a Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) activator which exhibit antioxidant activity and augment mitochondrial functions in several experimental models. Modern evidence suggests the critical role of SIRT3 in the progression of several metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid beta (Aβ), the precursor to extracellular senile plaques, accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is related to the development of cognitive impairment and neuronal cell death. Aβ is generated from amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) through sequential cleavages, first by β-secretase and then by γ-secretase. Drugs modulating this pathway are believed to be one of the most promising strategies for AD treatment. In the present study, we found that Honokiol significantly enhanced SIRT3 expression, reduced reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant activities, and mitochondrial function thereby reducing Aβ and sAPPβ levels in Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells (carrying the amyloid precursor protein-APP and Presenilin PS1 mutation). Mechanistic studies revealed that Honokiol affects neither protein levels of APP nor α-secretase activity. In contrast, Honokiol increased the expression of AMPK, CREB, and PGC-1α, thereby inhibiting β-secretase activity leading to reduced Aβ levels. These results suggest that Honokiol is an activator of SIRT3 capable of improving antioxidant activity, mitochondrial energy regulation, while decreasing Aβ, thereby indicating it to be a lead compound for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Tyler Lynd
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Gwyneth Briggs
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Danielle Adamek
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Ellery Jones
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jake Heiner
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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Bhattacharya D, Majrashi M, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Bloemer J, Fujihashi A, Crump BR, Hightower H, Bhattacharya S, Moore T, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Assessment of the cerebellar neurotoxic effects of nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure in rats. Life Sci 2017; 194:177-184. [PMID: 29225110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure on human reproductive outcomes are a major scientific and public health concern. In the United States, substantial percentage of women (20-25%) of childbearing age currently smoke cigarettes and consume alcohol, and only a small percentage of these individuals quit after learning of their pregnancy. However, there are very few scientific reports on the effect of nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure on the cerebellum of the offspring. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the cerebellar neurotoxic effects of nicotine in a rodent model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In this study, we evaluated the behavioral changes, biochemical markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis, mitochondrial functions and the molecular mechanisms associated with nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure on the cerebellum. Prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure induced oxidative stress, did not affect the mitochondrial functions, increased the monoamine oxidase activity, increased caspase expression and decreased ILK, PSD-95 and GLUR1 expression without affecting the GSK-3β. Thus, our current study of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure on cerebellar neurotoxicity may lead to new scientific perceptions and novel and suitable therapeutic actions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Bailee-Ryan Crump
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Harrison Hightower
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | | | - Timothy Moore
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
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Katz DP, Majrashi M, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharya S, Shlghom A, Bradford C, Suppiramaniam V, Deruiter J, Clark CR, Dhanasekaran M. Comparing the dopaminergic neurotoxic effects of benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:177-186. [PMID: 28874085 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1376024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzylpiperazine has been designated as Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act by Drug Enforcement Administration. Benzylpiperazine is a piperazine derivative, elevates both dopamine and serotonin extracellular levels producing stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects, respectively, similar to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, the comparative neurotoxic effects of Piperazine derivatives (benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine) have not been elucidated. Here, piperazine derivatives (benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine) were synthesized in our lab and the mechanisms of cellular-based neurotoxicity were elucidated in a dopaminergic human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). We evaluated the in vitro effects of benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine on the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial complex-I activity, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content, Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine induced oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial functions and stimulated apoptosis. This study provides a germinal assessment of the neurotoxic mechanisms induced by piperazine derivatives that lead to neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Katz
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Jeddah University , Jeddah , KSA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Aimen Shlghom
- c Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences , Tuskegee University , Tuskegee , AL , USA
| | - Chastity Bradford
- c Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences , Tuskegee University , Tuskegee , AL , USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - C Randall Clark
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
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Ahuja M, Buabeid M, Abdel-Rahman E, Majrashi M, Parameshwaran K, Amin R, Ramesh S, Thiruchelvan K, Pondugula S, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Immunological alteration & toxic molecular inductions leading to cognitive impairment & neurotoxicity in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2017; 177:49-59. [PMID: 28286225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is considered to be one of the crucial pathological factors associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, although supportive experimental evidence remains undiscovered. Therefore, the current study was carried out to better understand and establish the pathophysiological involvement of chronic inflammation in a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. MAIN METHODS We analyzed amyloid-beta deposition, oxidative stress, biochemical, neurochemical and immunological markers in a 10month old (APΔE9) mouse model. Memory functions were assessed by behavioral testing followed by measurement of synaptic plasticity via extracellular field recordings. KEY FINDINGS Substantial increases in amyloid-beta levels, beta-secretase activity, and oxidative stress, along with significant neurochemical alterations in glutamate and GABA levels were detected in the brain of APΔE9 mice. Interestingly, marked elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in whole brain lysate of APΔE9 mice were observed. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a higher frequency of CD4+ IL-17a and IFN-γ secreting T-cells in APΔE9 brain, indicating a robust T-cell infiltration and activation. Behavioral deficits in learning and memory tasks, along with impairment in long-term potentiation and associated biochemical changes in the expression of glutamatergic receptor subunits were evident. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, this study establishes the role by which oxidative stress, alterations in glutamate and GABA levels and inflammation increases hippocampal and cortical neurotoxicity resulting in the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Engy Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA; Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kodeeswaran Parameshwaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kariharan Thiruchelvan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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34
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Bhattacharya S, Kimble W, Buabeid M, Bhattacharya D, Bloemer J, Alhowail A, Reed M, Dhanasekaran M, Escobar M, Suppiramaniam V. Altered AMPA receptor expression plays an important role in inducing bidirectional synaptic plasticity during contextual fear memory reconsolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 139:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Kerscher P, Kaczmarek JA, Head SE, Ellis ME, Seeto WJ, Kim J, Bhattacharya S, Suppiramaniam V, Lipke EA. Direct Production of Human Cardiac Tissues by Pluripotent Stem Cell Encapsulation in Gelatin Methacryloyl. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1499-1509. [PMID: 33429637 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct stem cell encapsulation and cardiac differentiation within supporting biomaterial scaffolds are critical for reproducible and scalable production of the functional human tissues needed in regenerative medicine and drug-testing applications. Producing cardiac tissues directly from pluripotent stem cells rather than assembling tissues using pre-differentiated cells can eliminate multiple cell-handling steps that otherwise limit the potential for process automation and production scale-up. Here we asked whether our process for forming 3D developing human engineered cardiac tissues using poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen hydrogels can be extended to widely used and printable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. We demonstrate that low-density GelMA hydrogels can be formed rapidly using visible light (<1 min) and successfully employed to encapsulate human induced pluripotent stem cells while maintaining high cell viability. Resulting constructs had an initial stiffness of approximately 220 Pa, supported tissue growth and dynamic remodeling, and facilitated high-efficiency cardiac differentiation (>70%) to produce spontaneously contracting GelMA human engineered cardiac tissues (GEhECTs). GEhECTs initiated spontaneous contractions on day 8 of differentiation, with synchronicity, frequency, and velocity of contraction increasing over time, and displayed developmentally appropriate temporal changes in cardiac gene expression. GEhECT-dissociated cardiomyocytes displayed well-defined and aligned sarcomeres spaced at 1.85 ± 0.1 μm and responded appropriately to drug treatments, including the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and antagonist propranolol, as well as to outside pacing up to 3.0 Hz. Overall results demonstrate that GelMA is a suitable biomaterial for the production of developing cardiac tissues and has the potential to be employed in scale-up production and bioprinting of GEhECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kerscher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jennifer A Kaczmarek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Sara E Head
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Morgan E Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Wen J Seeto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Joonyul Kim
- Proximity Biosciences LLC, Auburn, Alabama 36832, United States
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, Alabama 36829, United States
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, Alabama 36829, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Katz DP, Deruiter J, Bhattacharya D, Ahuja M, Bhattacharya S, Clark CR, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Benzylpiperazine: "A messy drug". Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164:1-7. [PMID: 27207154 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Designer drugs are synthetic structural analogues/congeners of controlled substances with slightly modified chemical structures intended to mimic the pharmacological effects of known drugs of abuse so as to evade drug classification. Benzylpiperazine (BZP), a piperazine derivative, elevates synaptic dopamine and serotonin levels producing stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects, respectively, similar to the well-known drug of abuse, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Furthermore, BZP augments the release of norepinephrine by inhibiting presynaptic autoreceptors, therefore, BZP is a "messy drug" due to its multifaceted regulation of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitters. Initially, pharmaceutical companies used BZP as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of various disease states, but due to its contraindications and abuse potential it was withdrawn from the market. BZP imparts predominately sympathomimetic effects accompanied by serious cardiovascular implications. Addictive properties of BZP include behavioral sensitization, cross sensitization, conditioned place preference and repeated self-administration. Additional testing of piperazine derived drugs is needed due to a scarcity of toxicological data and widely abuse worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Katz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - J Deruiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - M Ahuja
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - C R Clark
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - V Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - M Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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Hunsberger HC, Wang D, Petrisko TJ, Alhowail A, Setti SE, Suppiramaniam V, Konat GW, Reed MN. Peripherally restricted viral challenge elevates extracellular glutamate and enhances synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. J Neurochem 2016; 138:307-16. [PMID: 27168075 PMCID: PMC4936939 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral infections increase the propensity and severity of seizures in susceptible populations. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal injection of a viral mimic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC), elicits hypersusceptibility of mice to kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. This study was undertaken to determine whether this seizure hypersusceptibility entails alterations in glutamate signaling. Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with PIC, and after 24 h, glutamate homeostasis in the hippocampus was monitored using the enzyme-based microelectrode arrays. PIC challenge robustly increased the level of resting extracellular glutamate. While pre-synaptic potassium-evoked glutamate release was not affected, glutamate uptake was profoundly impaired and non-vesicular glutamate release was augmented, indicating functional alterations of astrocytes. Electrophysiological examination of hippocampal slices from PIC-challenged mice revealed a several fold increase in the basal synaptic transmission as compared to control slices. PIC challenge also increased the probability of pre-synaptic glutamate release as seen from a reduction of paired-pulse facilitation and synaptic plasticity as seen from an enhancement of long-term potentiation. Altogether, our results implicate a dysregulation of astrocytic glutamate metabolism and an alteration of excitatory synaptic transmission as the underlying mechanism for the development of hippocampal hyperexcitability, and consequently seizure hypersusceptibility following peripheral PIC challenge. Peripheral infections/inflammations enhance seizure susceptibility. Here, we explored the effect of peritoneal inflammation induced by a viral mimic on glutamate homeostasis and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the mouse hippocampus. We found that peritoneal inflammation elevated extracellular glutamate concentration and enhanced the probability of pre-synaptic glutamate release resulting in hyperexcitability of neuronal networks. These mechanisms are likely to underlie the enhanced seizure propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C. Hunsberger
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506 WV, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, 36849 AL, USA
| | - Desheng Wang
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, 26506 WV, USA
| | - Tiffany J. Petrisko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506 WV, USA
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, 36849 AL, USA
| | - Sharay E. Setti
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, 36849 AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, 36849 AL, USA
| | - Gregory W. Konat
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506 WV, USA
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, 36849 AL, USA
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Thrash-Williams B, Karuppagounder SS, Bhattacharya D, Ahuja M, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic toxicity prevented owing to the neuroprotective effects of salicylic acid. Life Sci 2016; 154:24-9. [PMID: 26926078 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Methamphetamine (Schedule-II drug, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration) is one of the most abused illicit drug following cocaine, marijuana, and heroin in the USA. There are numerous health impairments and substantial economic burden caused by methamphetamine abuse. Salicylic acid, potent anti-inflammatory drug and a known neuroprotectant has shown to protect against toxicity-induced by other dopaminergic neurotoxins. Hence, in this study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of salicylic acid against methamphetamine-induced toxicity in mice. MAIN METHODS The current study investigated the effects of sodium salicylate and/or methamphetamine on oxidative stress, monoamine oxidase, mitochondrial complex I & IV activities using spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. Behavioral analysis evaluated the effect on movement disorders-induced by methamphetamine. Monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels were evaluated using high pressure liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. KEY FINDINGS Methamphetamine caused significant generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased complex-I activity leading to dopamine depletion. Striatal dopamine depletion led to significant behavioral changes associated with movement disorders. Sodium salicylate (50 & 100mg/kg) significantly scavenged reactive oxygen species, blocked mitochondrial dysfunction and exhibited neuroprotection against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, sodium salicylate significantly blocked methamphetamine-induced behavioral changes related to movement abnormalities. SIGNIFICANCE One of the leading causative theories in nigral degeneration associated with movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease is exposure to stimulants, drugs of abuse, insecticide and pesticides. These neurotoxic substances can induce dopaminergic neuronal insult by oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Salicylic acid due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects could provide neuroprotection against the stimulants or drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessy Thrash-Williams
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Bhattacharya D, Dunaway EP, Bhattacharya S, Bloemer J, Buabeid M, Escobar M, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Impaired ILK Function Is Associated with Deficits in Hippocampal Based Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in a FASD Rat Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135700. [PMID: 26305322 PMCID: PMC4549293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide range of anatomical and behavioral problems in children who are exposed to alcohol during the prenatal period. There is no effective treatment for FASD, because of lack of complete characterization of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this condition. Alcohol has been previously characterized to affect integrins and growth factor signaling receptors. Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) is an effector of integrin and growth-factor signaling which regulates various signaling processes. In FASD, a downstream effector of ILK, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) remains highly active (reduced Ser9 phosphorylation). GSK3β has been known to modulate glutamate receptor trafficking and channel properties. Therefore, we hypothesize that the cognitive deficits accompanying FASD are associated with impairments in the ILK signaling pathway. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats consumed a "moderate" amount of alcohol throughout gestation, or a calorie-equivalent sucrose solution. Contextual fear conditioning was used to evaluate memory performance in 32-33-day-old pups. Synaptic plasticity was assessed in the Schaffer Collateral pathway, and hippocampal protein lysates were used to evaluate ILK signaling. Alcohol exposed pups showed impaired contextual fear conditioning, as compared to control pups. This reduced memory performance was consistent with decrease in LTP as compared to controls. Hippocampal ILK activity and GSK3β Ser21/9 phosphorylation were significantly lower in alcohol-exposed pups than controls. Increased synaptic expression of GluR2 AMPA receptors was observed with immunoprecipitation of post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). Furthermore, immunoprecipitation of ILK revealed a decreased interaction with GluR2. The ILK pathway appears to play a significant role in memory and synaptic plasticity impairments in FASD rats. These impairments appear to be mediated by reduced GSK3β regulation and increased synaptic stabilization of the calcium-impermeable GluR2 AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - E. P. Dunaway
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - S. Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - J. Bloemer
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - M. Buabeid
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - M. Escobar
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - V. Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - M. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Parameshwaran K, Irwin MH, Steliou K, Suppiramaniam V, Pinkert CA. Antioxidant-Mediated Reversal of Oxidative Damage in Mouse Modeling of Complex I Inhibition. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:72-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael H. Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Boston, MA, and Cancer Research Center; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL USA
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Viswaprakash N, Vaithianathan T, Viswaprakash A, Judd R, Parameshwaran K, Suppiramaniam V. Insulin treatment restores glutamate (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor function in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1442-50. [PMID: 25807926 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive processing, particularly memory acquisition, depends on the regulated enhancement of expression and function of glutamate receptor subtypes in the hippocampus. Impairment of memory was been detected in rodent models of type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). This study examines the functional properties of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and the expression of synaptic molecules that regulate glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of STZ-diabetic rats. The AMPA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and single-channel properties of synaptosomal AMPA receptors were examined after 4 weeks of diabetes induction. Results show that amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons were decreased in diabetic rats. In addition, the single-channel properties of synaptic AMPA receptors from diabetic rat hippocampi were different from those of controls. These impairments in synaptic currents gated by AMPA receptors were accompanied by decreased protein levels of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1, the presynaptic protein synaptophysin, and the postsynaptic anchor protein postsynaptic density protein 95 in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), an extracellular matrix molecule abundantly expressed in the brain, and the polysialic acid (PSA) attached to NCAM were also downregulated in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Insulin treatment, when initiated at the onset of diabetes induction, reduced these effects. These findings suggest that STZ-induced diabetes may result in functional deteriorations in glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of rats and that these effects may be reduced by insulin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmini Viswaprakash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Thirumalini Vaithianathan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ajitan Viswaprakash
- Biology Department and Spine Rehabilitation Center, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert Judd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Kodeeswaran Parameshwaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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Karuppagounder SS, Bhattacharya D, Ahuja M, Suppiramaniam V, DeRuiter J, Clark R, Dhanasekaran M. Elucidating the neurotoxic effects of MDMA and its analogs. Life Sci 2014; 101:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Insulin is secreted from the β-cells of the pancreas and helps maintain glucose homeostasis. Although secreted peripherally, insulin also plays a profound role in cognitive function. Increasing evidence suggests that insulin signaling in the brain is necessary to maintain health of neuronal cells, promote learning and memory, decrease oxidative stress, and ultimately increase neuronal survival. This chapter summarizes the different facets of insulin signaling necessary for learning and memory and additionally explores the association between cognitive impairment and central insulin resistance. The role of impaired insulin signaling in the advancement of cognitive dysfunction is relevant to the current debate of whether the shared pathophysiological mechanisms between diabetes and cognitive impairment implicate a direct relationship. Here, we summarize a vast amount of literature that suggests a strong association between impaired brain insulin signaling and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Parameshwaran K, Buabeid MA, Bhattacharya S, Uthayathas S, Kariharan T, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V. Long term alterations in synaptic physiology, expression of β2 nicotinic receptors and ERK1/2 signaling in the hippocampus of rats with prenatal nicotine exposure. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 106:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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45
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Lohani M, Ahuja M, Buabeid MA, Dean S, Dennis S, Suppiramaniam V, Kemppainen B, Dhanasekaran M. Anti-oxidative and DNA protecting effects of flavonoids-rich Scutellaria lateriflora. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1415-1418. [PMID: 24354189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria lateriflora (American skullcap), a native plant of North America, has been used by Americans and Europeans as a nerve tonic for more than 200 years. In vivo studies have shown anxiolytic activity ofS. lateriflora in animals and humans. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms ofS. lateriflora are not fully understood. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases such as anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Bioactive compounds present in various medicinal plants neutralize or scavenge toxic free radicals and thus suppress oxidative stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of S. lateriflora. The antioxidant potential of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of S. lateriflora was determined in mouse brain tissue using various biochemical assays. Protective effects of S. lateriflora against oxidative stress induced DNA fragmentation was determined using plasmid DNA. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts scavenged the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The ethanolic extract reduced tert-butyl peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides in the mouse brain homogenates. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract of S. lateriflora protected hydrogen peroxide-UV induced cleavage of supercoiled plasmid DNA. In conclusion, S. lateriflora exhibited significant antioxidant effects. The current findings posit S. lateriflora as one of the potential experimental herbal drugs that should be screened for its therapeutic potential against various oxidative stress associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar Lohani
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manal A Buabeid
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Schwartz Dean
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shannon Dennis
- Department of Agronomy and Soils, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Barbara Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Lohani M, Ahuja M, Buabeid MA, Schwartz D, Shannon D, Suppiramaniam V, Kemppainen B, Dhanasekaran M. Anti-oxidative and DNA Protecting Effects of Flavonoids-rich Scutellaria Lateriflora. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria lateriflora (American skullcap), a native plant of North America, has been used by Americans and Europeans as a nerve tonic for more than 200 years. In vivo studies have shown anxiolytic activity of S. lateriflora in animals and humans. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of S. lateriflora are not fully understood. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases such as anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Bioactive compounds present in various medicinal plants neutralize or scavenge toxic free radicals and thus suppress oxidative stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of S. lateriflora. The antioxidant potential of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of S. lateriflora was determined in mouse brain tissue using various biochemical assays. Protective effects of S. lateriflora against oxidative stress induced DNA fragmentation was determined using plasmid DNA. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts scavenged the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The ethanolic extract reduced tert-butyl peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides in the mouse brain homogenates. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract of S. lateriflora protected hydrogen peroxide-UV induced cleavage of supercoiled plasmid DNA. In conclusion, S. lateriflora exhibited significant antioxidant effects. The current findings posit S. lateriflora as one of the potential experimental herbal drugs that should be screened for its therapeutic potential against various oxidative stress associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar Lohani
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Manal A Buabeid
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Dean Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Dennis Shannon
- Department of Agronomy and Soils, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Barbara Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine
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Uthayathas S, Parameshwaran K, Karuppagounder SS, Ahuja M, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V. Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 enhances glutamatergic synaptic plasticity and memory in mice. Synapse 2013; 67:741-7. [PMID: 23620198 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) belong to a family of proteins that control metabolism of cyclic nucleotides. Targeting PDE5, for enhancing cellular function, is one of the therapeutic strategies for male erectile dysfunction. We have investigated whether in vivo inhibition of PDE5, which is expressed in several brain regions, will enhance memory and synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of healthy mice. We have found that acute administration of sildenafil, a specific PDE5 inhibitor, enhanced hippocampus-dependent memory tasks. To elucidate the underlying mechanism in the memory enhancement, effects of sildenafil on long-term potentiation (LTP) were measured. The level of LTP was significantly elevated, with concomitant increases in basal synaptic transmission, in mice treated with sildenafil (1 mg/kg/day) for 15 days compared to control mice. These results suggest that moderate PDE5 inhibition enhances memory by increasing synaptic plasticity and transmission in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Uthayathas
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
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Kanju PM, Parameshwaran K, Sims-Robinson C, Uthayathas S, Josephson EM, Rajakumar N, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V. Selective cholinergic depletion in medial septum leads to impaired long term potentiation and glutamatergic synaptic currents in the hippocampus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31073. [PMID: 22355337 PMCID: PMC3280283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic depletion in the medial septum (MS) is associated with impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Here we investigated whether long term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic currents, mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the CA1 hippocampal region, are affected following cholinergic lesions of the MS. Stereotaxic intra-medioseptal infusions of a selective immunotoxin, 192-saporin, against cholinergic neurons or sterile saline were made in adult rats. Four days after infusions, hippocampal slices were made and LTP, whole cell, and single channel (AMPA or NMDA receptor) currents were recorded. Results demonstrated impairment in the induction and expression of LTP in lesioned rats. Lesioned rats also showed decreases in synaptic currents from CA1 pyramidal cells and synaptosomal single channels of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Our results suggest that MS cholinergic afferents modulate LTP and glutamatergic currents in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, providing a potential synaptic mechanism for the learning and memory deficits observed in the rodent model of selective MS cholinergic lesioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Kanju
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kodeeswaran Parameshwaran
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Uthayathas
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eleanor M. Josephson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nagalingam Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ramaswamy SS, Suppiramaniam V, Jayaraman V. Conformational Change Involved in Gating of Acid Sensing Ion Channel (ASIC1a). Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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50
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Parameshwaran K, Buabeid MA, Karuppagounder SS, Uthayathas S, Thiruchelvam K, Shonesy B, Dityatev A, Escobar MC, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V. Developmental nicotine exposure induced alterations in behavior and glutamate receptor function in hippocampus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 69:829-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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