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Greve JN, Marquardt A, Heiringhoff R, Reindl T, Thiel C, Di Donato N, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. The non-muscle actinopathy-associated mutation E334Q in cytoskeletal γ-actin perturbs interaction of actin filaments with myosin and ADF/cofilin family proteins. eLife 2024; 12:RP93013. [PMID: 38446501 PMCID: PMC10942649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various heterozygous cytoskeletal γ-actin mutations have been shown to cause Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome, non-syndromic hearing loss, or isolated eye coloboma. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of human cytoskeletal γ-actin carrying mutation E334Q, a mutation that leads to a hitherto unspecified non-muscle actinopathy. Following expression, purification, and removal of linker and thymosin β4 tag sequences, the p.E334Q monomers show normal integration into linear and branched actin filaments. The mutation does not affect thermal stability, actin filament nucleation, elongation, and turnover. Model building and normal mode analysis predict significant differences in the interaction of p.E334Q filaments with myosin motors and members of the ADF/cofilin family of actin-binding proteins. Assays probing the interactions of p.E334Q filaments with human class 2 and class 5 myosin motor constructs show significant reductions in sliding velocity and actin affinity. E334Q differentially affects cofilin-mediated actin dynamics by increasing the rate of cofilin-mediated de novo nucleation of actin filaments and decreasing the efficiency of cofilin-mediated filament severing. Thus, it is likely that p.E334Q-mediated changes in myosin motor activity, as well as filament turnover, contribute to the observed disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes N Greve
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Anja Marquardt
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Robin Heiringhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Theresia Reindl
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Claudia Thiel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | | | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- RESiST, Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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2
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Taura Y, Tozawa T, Fujimoto T, Ichise E, Chiyonobu T, Itoh K, Iehara T. Myosin Va, a novel interaction partner of STXBP1, is required to transport Syntaxin1A to the plasma membrane. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00251-8. [PMID: 37315734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1, also known as Munc18-1) regulates exocytosis as a chaperone protein of Syntaxin1A. The haploinsufficiency of STXBP1 causes early infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, known as STXBP1 encephalopathy. Previously, we reported impaired cellular localization of Syntaxin1A in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from an STXBP1 encephalopathy patient harboring a nonsense mutation. However, the molecular mechanism of abnormal Syntaxin1A localization in the haploinsufficiency of STXBP1 remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the novel interacting partner of STXBP1 involved in transporting Syntaxin1A to the plasma membrane. Affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry analysis identified a motor protein Myosin Va as a potential binding partner of STXBP1. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the synaptosomal fraction from the mouse and tag-fused recombinant proteins revealed that the STXBP1 short splice variant (STXBP1S) interacted with Myosin Va in addition to Syntaxin1A. These proteins colocalized at the tip of the growth cone and axons in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated gene silencing in Neuro2a cells showed that STXBP1 and Myosin Va were required for membrane trafficking of Syntaxin1A. In conclusion, this study proposes a potential role of STXBP1 in the trafficking of the presynaptic protein Syntaxin1A to the plasma membrane in conjunction with Myosin Va.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Taura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takenori Tozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ichise
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiyonobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Van Essen DC. Biomechanical models and mechanisms of cellular morphogenesis and cerebral cortical expansion and folding. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:90-104. [PMID: 35840524 PMCID: PMC9942585 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis of the nervous system involves a highly complex spatio-temporal pattern of physical forces (mainly tension and pressure) acting on cells and tissues that are pliable but have an intricately organized cytoskeletal infrastructure. This review begins by covering basic principles of biomechanics and the core cytoskeletal toolkit used to regulate the shapes of cells and tissues during embryogenesis and neural development. It illustrates how the principle of 'tensegrity' provides a useful conceptual framework for understanding how cells dynamically respond to forces that are generated internally or applied externally. The latter part of the review builds on this foundation in considering the development of mammalian cerebral cortex. The main focus is on cortical expansion and folding - processes that take place over an extended period of prenatal and postnatal development. Cortical expansion and folding are likely to involve many complementary mechanisms, some related to regulating cell proliferation and migration and others related to specific types and patterns of mechanical tension and pressure. Three distinct multi-mechanism models are evaluated in relation to a set of 18 key experimental observations and findings. The Composite Tension Plus (CT+) model is introduced as an updated version of a previous multi-component Differential Expansion Sandwich Plus (DES+) model (Van Essen, 2020); the new CT+ model includes 10 distinct mechanisms and has the greatest explanatory power among published models to date. Much needs to be done in order to validate specific mechanistic components and to assess their relative importance in different species, and important directions for future research are suggested.
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Khorram E, Tabatabaiefar MA, Yaghini O, Khorrami M, Yazdani V, Fakhr F, Amini M, Kheirollahi M. Griscelli syndrome type 1: a novel pathogenic variant, and review of literature. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:485-493. [PMID: 36651988 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome type 1 (GS1) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disease caused by a deleterious variant in the MYO5A gene and characterized by general hypopigmentation, neurological symptoms, motor disability, hypotonia, and vision abnormality. Only nine pathogenic variants in the MYO5A gene have been confirmed in association with the GS1. All of the reported pathogenic variants are truncating. Herein, two siblings from a consanguineous Iranian family with abnormal pigmentation and neurological symptoms were referred for genetic counseling. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel homozygous truncating variant c.1633_1634delAA (p.Asn545Glnfs*10) in the MYO5A gene, which was completely co-segregated with the phenotype in all affected and unaffected family members. Computational analysis and protein modeling demonstrated the deleterious effects of this variant on the structure and function of the protein. The variant, according to ACMG guidelines, was classified as pathogenic. Besides the novelty of the identified variant, our patients manifested more severe clinical symptoms and presented distal hyperlaxity in all four limbs, which was a new finding. In conclusion, we expanded the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of the GS1. Moreover, by studying clinical manifestations in all molecularly confirmed reported cases, provided a comprehensive overview of clinical presentation, and attempted to find a genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Khorram
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Yaghini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khorrami
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vida Yazdani
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fakhr
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Amini
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kheirollahi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Yang C, Zhao X, An X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Lian F. Axonal transport deficits in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1136796. [PMID: 37056668 PMCID: PMC10086245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic and prevalent metabolic disease that gravely endangers human health and seriously affects the quality of life of hyperglycemic patients. More seriously, it can lead to amputation and neuropathic pain, imposing a severe financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Even with strict glycemic control or pancreas transplantation, peripheral nerve damage is difficult to reverse. Most current treatment options for DPN can only treat the symptoms but not the underlying mechanism. Patients with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) develop axonal transport dysfunction, which could be an important factor in causing or exacerbating DPN. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that may be related to axonal transport impairment and cytoskeletal changes caused by DM, and the relevance of the latter with the occurrence and progression of DPN, including nerve fiber loss, diminished nerve conduction velocity, and impaired nerve regeneration, and also predicts possible therapeutic strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of diabetic neuronal injury is essential to prevent the deterioration of DPN and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Timely and effective improvement of axonal transport impairment is particularly critical for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
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Konietzny A, Wegmann S, Mikhaylova M. The endoplasmic reticulum puts a new spin on synaptic tagging. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:32-44. [PMID: 36428191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes it a versatile platform for a broad range of homeostatic processes, ranging from calcium regulation to synthesis and trafficking of proteins and lipids. It is not surprising that neurons use this organelle to fine-tune synaptic properties and thereby provide specificity to synaptic inputs. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that enable activity-dependent ER recruitment into dendritic spines, with a focus on molecular mechanisms that mediate transport and retention of the ER in spines. The role of calcium signaling in spine ER, synaptopodin 'tagging' of active synapses, and the formation of the spine apparatus (SA) are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the role of liquid-liquid phase separation as a possible driving force in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Konietzny
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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7
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Calabrese B, Jones SL, Shiraishi-Yamaguchi Y, Lingelbach M, Manor U, Svitkina TM, Higgs HN, Shih AY, Halpain S. INF2-mediated actin filament reorganization confers intrinsic resilience to neuronal ischemic injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6037. [PMID: 36229429 PMCID: PMC9558009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During early ischemic brain injury, glutamate receptor hyperactivation mediates neuronal death via osmotic cell swelling. Here we show that ischemia and excess NMDA receptor activation cause actin to rapidly and extensively reorganize within the somatodendritic compartment. Normally, F-actin is concentrated within dendritic spines. However, <5 min after bath-applied NMDA, F-actin depolymerizes within spines and polymerizes into stable filaments within the dendrite shaft and soma. A similar actinification occurs after experimental ischemia in culture, and photothrombotic stroke in mouse. Following transient NMDA incubation, actinification spontaneously reverses. Na+, Cl-, water, and Ca2+ influx, and spine F-actin depolymerization are all necessary, but not individually sufficient, for actinification, but combined they induce activation of the F-actin polymerization factor inverted formin-2 (INF2). Silencing of INF2 renders neurons vulnerable to cell death and INF2 overexpression is protective. Ischemia-induced dendritic actin reorganization is therefore an intrinsic pro-survival response that protects neurons from death induced by cell edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Calabrese
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven L Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4544, USA
| | | | - Michael Lingelbach
- Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4544, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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8
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Multiple roles for the cytoskeleton in ALS. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114143. [PMID: 35714755 PMCID: PMC10163623 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by more than sixty genes identified through classic linkage analysis and new sequencing methods. Yet no clear mechanism of onset, cure, or effective treatment is known. Popular discourse classifies the proteins encoded from ALS-related genes into four disrupted processes: proteostasis, mitochondrial function and ROS, nucleic acid regulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Surprisingly, the mechanisms detailing the contribution of the neuronal cytoskeletal in ALS are the least explored, despite involvement in these cell processes. Eight genes directly regulate properties of cytoskeleton function and are essential for the health and survival of motor neurons, including: TUBA4A, SPAST, KIF5A, DCTN1, NF, PRPH, ALS2, and PFN1. Here we review the properties and studies exploring the contribution of each of these genes to ALS.
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AbouEl Ela NH, El Araby IE, Saleh AA, Abd El-Fattah AH, Hagag NM, Brooks SA, Radwan MA, Kalbfleisch T. Evidence for origin of Lavender Foal Syndrome among Egyptian Arabian horses in Egypt. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:487-493. [PMID: 35665534 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lavender Foal Syndrome (LFS) is a fatal hereditary condition that is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This detrimental mutation is more common in Arabian foals of Egyptian origin than foals from other bloodlines. Heterozygous horses are carriers of the LFS trait and appear normal, while recessive homozygous foals died shortly after birth due to serious complications. In Egypt, in 2014, an Egyptian foal died after manifestations of neurological signs and abnormal coat colour as LFS signs. Therefore, it is important to identify LFS carriers in the population of Arabian horses in Egypt and to encourage improvement of the Arabian horse industry in Egypt by constructing a breeding system based on genetic background in order to avoid mating between carriers and reduce financial losses from deaths of affected foals. OBJECTIVES To establish a PCR-based test for detecting the MYO5A gene mutation causing LFS in the registered Arabian horse population in Egypt prior to breeding. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional survey (n = 170) plus targeted sampling (n = 30). METHODS A total of 200 samples were collected from an Arabian farm in Egypt and some of them were traced for LFS based on the farm records. The LFS genotypes were identified using the PCR-RFLP technique, fragment analysis followed by sequence analysis. RESULTS The overall mutated allele and genotype frequencies (N/L) were 0.08 and 16%, respectively. CONCLUSION The observed frequency of heterozygotes suggests foals affected with LFS will be produced among Arabian horses in Egypt. Therefore, screening of the entire population for this mutation should be undertaken in the breeding program. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman E El Araby
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Saleh
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Amir H Abd El-Fattah
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hagag
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Samantha A Brooks
- Department of Animal Sciences, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, USA
| | - Mohamed A Radwan
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Ted Kalbfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, USA
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Li X, Yuan RR, Wang Q, Chai S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Huang SH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates LYN kinase-mediated myosin light chain kinase activation to modulate nonmuscle myosin II activity in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102054. [PMID: 35598826 PMCID: PMC9194867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins belong to a large superfamily of actin-dependent molecular motors. Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is involved in the morphology and function of neurons, but little is known about how NM II activity is regulated. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a prevalent neurotrophic factor in the brain that encourages growth and differentiation of neurons and synapses. In this study, we report that BDNF upregulates the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MLC2), to increases the activity of NM II. The role of BDNF on modulating the phosphorylation of MLC2 was validated by using Western blotting in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. This result was confirmed by injecting BDNF into the dorsal hippocampus of mice and detecting the phosphorylation level of MLC2 by Western blotting. We further perform coimmunoprecipitation assay to confirm that this process depends on the activation of the LYN kinase through binding with tyrosine kinase receptor B, the receptor of BDNF, in a kinase activity-dependent manner. LYN kinase subsequently phosphorylates MLCK, further promoting the phosphorylation of MLC2. Taken together, our results suggest a new molecular mechanism by which BDNF regulates MLC2 activity, which provides a new perspective for further understanding the functional regulation of NM II in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong-Rong Yuan
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouyu Chai
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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11
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Konietzny A, Grendel J, Kadek A, Bucher M, Han Y, Hertrich N, Dekkers DHW, Demmers JAA, Grünewald K, Uetrecht C, Mikhaylova M. Caldendrin and myosin V regulate synaptic spine apparatus localization via ER stabilization in dendritic spines. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106523. [PMID: 34935159 PMCID: PMC8844991 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses of principal hippocampal neurons are frequently located on dendritic spines. The dynamic strengthening or weakening of individual inputs results in structural and molecular diversity of dendritic spines. Active spines with large calcium ion (Ca2+ ) transients are frequently invaded by a single protrusion from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is dynamically transported into spines via the actin-based motor myosin V. An increase in synaptic strength correlates with stable anchoring of the ER, followed by the formation of an organelle referred to as the spine apparatus. Here, we show that myosin V binds the Ca2+ sensor caldendrin, a brain-specific homolog of the well-known myosin V interactor calmodulin. While calmodulin is an essential activator of myosin V motor function, we found that caldendrin acts as an inhibitor of processive myosin V movement. In mouse and rat hippocampal neurons, caldendrin regulates spine apparatus localization to a subset of dendritic spines through a myosin V-dependent pathway. We propose that caldendrin transforms myosin into a stationary F-actin tether that enables the localization of ER tubules and formation of the spine apparatus in dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Konietzny
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jasper Grendel
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Alan Kadek
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI)HamburgGermany
- European XFEL GmbHSchenefeldGermany
| | - Michael Bucher
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Yuhao Han
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyHamburgGermany
| | - Nathalie Hertrich
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | | | | | - Kay Grünewald
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI)HamburgGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyHamburgGermany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI)HamburgGermany
- European XFEL GmbHSchenefeldGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyHamburgGermany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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Zhang N, Zhou S, Ji HH, Li XD. Effects of the IQ1 motif of Drosophila myosin-5 on the calcium interaction of calmodulin. Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Danastas K, Larsen A, Jobson S, Guo G, Cunningham AL, Miranda-Saksena M. Herpes simplex virus-1 utilizes the host actin cytoskeleton for its release from axonal growth cones. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010264. [PMID: 35073379 PMCID: PMC8812851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has evolved mechanisms to exploit the host cytoskeleton during entry, replication and exit from cells. In this study, we determined the role of actin and the molecular motor proteins, myosin II and myosin V, in the transport and release of HSV-1 from axon termini, or growth cones. Using compartmentalized neuronal devices, we showed that inhibition of actin polymerization, but not actin branching, significantly reduced the release of HSV-1 from axons. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of myosin V, but not myosin II, also significantly reduced the release of HSV-1 from axons. Using confocal and electron microscopy, we determined that viral components are transported along axons to growth cones, despite actin or myosin inhibition. Overall, our study supports the role of actin in virus release from axonal growth cones and suggests myosin V as a likely candidate involved in this process. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous human pathogen causing cold sores and genital herpes. HSV-1 infects sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system where it establishes a lifelong infection and cannot be cured. Reactivation is common, with the virus transported back along sensory nerves, forming new lesions, or is shed asymptomatically. Antiviral resistance is emerging to current antivirals that target viral replication, indicating the need to identify new targets for future treatment. The host cell cytoskeleton plays an important role during transport of the virus. HSV-1 is transported along axons via microtubules; however, how the virus is released from axon termini, where actin predominates, is unknown. Here we show that an intact actin cytoskeleton is required for efficient virus release from axon termini. Furthermore, we show that myosin V, an actin based molecular motor that drives transport, is essential in virus release from axon termini. Together, this study defines the mechanisms behind HSV-1 release from axon termini which will guide future directions in identifying possible therapeutic targets for HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Danastas
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Ava Larsen
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Sophie Jobson
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gerry Guo
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- * E-mail: (ALC); (MM-S)
| | - Monica Miranda-Saksena
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- * E-mail: (ALC); (MM-S)
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14
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Lu Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Yan W, Zhou T, Wang Z, Liao L, Cao H, Tan B. Therapeutic Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride on Stress-Induced Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats by Inhibiting Neurotransmission in Colonic Smooth Muscle. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596686. [PMID: 34594213 PMCID: PMC8476869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is complicated and closely related to neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Developing new strategies for treating this disease is a major challenge for IBS-D research. Berberine hydrochloride (BBH), the derivative of berberine, is a herbal constituent used to treat IBS. Previous studies have shown that BBH has potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, and antidiarrheal effects and a wide range of biological activities, especially in regulating the release of some neurotransmitters. A modified IBS-D rat model induced by chronic restraint stress was used in all experiments to study the effects of BBH on the GI tract. This study measured the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) response to graded colorectal distention (CRD; 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg) and observed the fecal areas of stress-induced IBS-D model. Experiments were conducted using organ bath techniques, which were performed in vitro using strips of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter agents were added to each organ bath to observe contractile responses on the strips and the treatment effect exerted by BBH. The IBS-D rat model was successfully induced by chronic restraint stress, which resulted in an increased defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity similar to that of humans. BBH could reduce 4-h fecal areas and AWR response to CRD in IBS-D. The stress-induced IBS-D model showed upregulated colonic mRNA expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3A receptor and downregulated expression levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Meanwhile, BBH could reverse this outcome. The responses of substances that regulate the contraction induced by related neurotransmission in the longitudinal smooth muscle of IBS-D colon (including the agonist of acetylcholine, carbachol; NOS inhibitor, L-NAME; and P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2500) can be inhibited by BBH. In summary, BBH promotes defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D and exerts inhibitory effects on contractile responses in colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Thus, BBH may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Lu
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianran Zhou
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhesheng Wang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liao
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Wilson DW. Motor Skills: Recruitment of Kinesins, Myosins and Dynein during Assembly and Egress of Alphaherpesviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081622. [PMID: 34452486 PMCID: PMC8402756 DOI: 10.3390/v13081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The alphaherpesviruses are pathogens of the mammalian nervous system. Initial infection is commonly at mucosal epithelia, followed by spread to, and establishment of latency in, the peripheral nervous system. During productive infection, viral gene expression, replication of the dsDNA genome, capsid assembly and genome packaging take place in the infected cell nucleus, after which mature nucleocapsids emerge into the cytoplasm. Capsids must then travel to their site of envelopment at cytoplasmic organelles, and enveloped virions need to reach the cell surface for release and spread. Transport at each of these steps requires movement of alphaherpesvirus particles through a crowded and viscous cytoplasm, and for distances ranging from several microns in epithelial cells, to millimeters or even meters during egress from neurons. To solve this challenging problem alphaherpesviruses, and their assembly intermediates, exploit microtubule- and actin-dependent cellular motors. This review focuses upon the mechanisms used by alphaherpesviruses to recruit kinesin, myosin and dynein motors during assembly and egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan W. Wilson
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; ; Tel.: +1-718-430-2305
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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16
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White KA, McEntire KD, Buan NR, Robinson L, Barbar E. Charting a New Frontier Integrating Mathematical Modeling in Complex Biological Systems from Molecules to Ecosystems. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:2255-2266. [PMID: 34283225 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole R Buan
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biochemistry
| | | | - Elisar Barbar
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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17
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Castaño-Jaramillo LM, Lugo-Reyes SO, Cruz Muñoz ME, Scheffler-Mendoza SC, Duran McKinster C, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA, Espinosa-Padilla SE, Saez-de-Ocariz Gutierrez MDM. Diagnostic and therapeutic caveats in Griscelli syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13034. [PMID: 33660295 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with characteristic pigment distribution, and there are currently 3 types according to the underlying genetic defect and clinical features. We present the case of a girl born from consanguineous parents who presented with predominant neurologic symptoms, silvery hair and granulomatous skin lesions. Cerebral magnetic resonance revealed diffuse white matter lesions, and central nervous system (CNS) lymphocytic infiltration was suspected. The patient underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with graft failure and autologous reconstitution. She developed elevated liver enzyme with a cholestatic pattern. Multiple liver biopsies revealed centrilobular cholestasis and unspecific portal inflammation that improved with immunomodulatory treatment. She was revealed to have an impaired cytotoxicity in NK cells and a decreased expression of RAB27A. However, no variants were found in the gene. All types of GS present with pigment dilution and irregular pigment clumps that can be seen through light microscopy in hair and skin biopsy. Dermic granulomas and immunodeficiency with infectious and HLH predisposition have been described in GS type 2 (GS2). Neurologic alterations might be seen in GS type 1 (GS1) and GS type 2 (GS2), due to different mechanisms. GS1 presents with neurologic impairment secondary to myosin Va role in neuronal development and synapsis. Meanwhile, GS2 can present with neurologic impairment secondary to SNC HLH. Clinical features and cytotoxicity might aid in differentiating GS1 and GS2, especially since treatment differs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saul O Lugo-Reyes
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario E Cruz Muñoz
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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18
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Abstract
Brain structures change shape dramatically during development. Elucidating the mechanisms of morphogenesis provides insights relevant to understanding brain function in health and disease. The tension-based morphogenesis (TBM) hypothesis posits that mechanical tension along axons, dendrites, and glial processes contributes to many aspects of central nervous system morphogenesis. Since TBM was proposed in 1997, extensive evidence supports a role for tension in diverse cellular phenomena, but tension’s role in cortical folding has been controversial. An extensively revised version of the TBM model for cerebral cortex addresses limitations of the original model, incorporates new features, and can be tested by many experimental approaches. For cerebellar cortex, a revised model accounts for many aspects of its development and adult architecture. Mechanical tension along the length of axons, dendrites, and glial processes has been proposed as a major contributor to morphogenesis throughout the nervous system [D. C. Van Essen, Nature 385, 313–318 (1997)]. Tension-based morphogenesis (TBM) is a conceptually simple and general hypothesis based on physical forces that help shape all living things. Moreover, if each axon and dendrite strive to shorten while preserving connectivity, aggregate wiring length would remain low. TBM can explain key aspects of how the cerebral and cerebellar cortices remain thin, expand in surface area, and acquire their distinctive folds. This article reviews progress since 1997 relevant to TBM and other candidate morphogenetic mechanisms. At a cellular level, studies of diverse cell types in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that tension plays a major role in many developmental events. At a tissue level, I propose a differential expansion sandwich plus (DES+) revision to the original TBM model for cerebral cortical expansion and folding. It invokes tangential tension and “sulcal zipping” forces along the outer cortical margin as well as tension in the white matter core, together competing against radially biased tension in the cortical gray matter. Evidence for and against the DES+ model is discussed, and experiments are proposed to address key tenets of the DES+ model. For cerebellar cortex, a cerebellar multilayer sandwich (CMS) model is proposed that can account for many distinctive features, including its unique, accordion-like folding in the adult, and experiments are proposed to address its specific tenets.
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19
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Abd Elmaksoud M, Abeesh AA, Pereira C, El-Deeb MES. Vici syndrome in an Egyptian infant: case report and differential diagnosis of inherited hypopigmented disorders. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vici syndrome is a severe inherited multisystem disease caused by mutations in the EPG5 gene. The diagnosis depends on the constellation of cardinal features of agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, cardiomyopathy, and a combined immunodeficiency followed by confirmation by genetic testing. We report an Egyptian infant with Vici syndrome carrying a homozygous splice site variant (c.1252+1G>T; NM_020964.2) in the EPG5 gene, detailed clinical description, outcome, and differential diagnosis of inherited hypopigmentation disorders associated with neurological manifestations.
Case presentation
The infant initially presented with oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and immunodeficiency. A few months later, a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy was made. Family history revealed 2 deceased siblings phenotypically matching our index infant. He died at the age of 15 months with acute respiratory failure.
Conclusion
The accurate diagnosis of such rare diseases with genetic confirmation is vital for proper clinical decision-making, genetic counseling of the affected families, and future genotype-phenotype correlation studies.
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20
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Niu F, Sun K, Wei W, Yu C, Wei Z. F-actin disassembly factor MICAL1 binding to Myosin Va mediates cargo unloading during cytokinesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eabb1307. [PMID: 33158857 PMCID: PMC7673715 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Motor-mediated intracellular trafficking requires motors to position cargoes at proper locations. Myosin Va (MyoVa), an actin-based motor, is a classic model for studying cargo transport. However, the molecular basis underlying cargo unloading in MyoVa-mediated transport has remained enigmatic. We have identified MICAL1, an F-actin disassembly regulator, as a binding partner of MyoVa and shown that MICAL1-MyoVa interaction is critical for localization of MyoVa at the midbody. By binding to MICAL1, MyoVa-mediated transport is terminated, resulting in vesicle unloading at the midbody for efficient cytokinesis. The MyoVa/MICAL1 complex structure reveals that MICAL1 and F-actin assembly factors, Spires, share an overlapped binding surface on MyoVa, suggesting a regulatory role of F-actin dynamics in cargo unloading. Down-regulating F-actin disassembly by a MICAL1 mutant significantly reduces MyoVa and vesicles accumulating at the midbody. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that MyoVa binds to MICAL1 at the midbody destination and triggers F-actin disassembly to unload the vesicle cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Niu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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21
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Konstantinidis I, Sætrom P, Mjelle R, Nedoluzhko AV, Robledo D, Fernandes JMO. Major gene expression changes and epigenetic remodelling in Nile tilapia muscle after just one generation of domestication. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1052-1067. [PMID: 32264748 PMCID: PMC7116051 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1748914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The historically recent domestication of fishes has been essential to meet the protein demands of a growing human population. Selection for traits of interest during domestication is a complex process whose epigenetic basis is poorly understood. Cytosine hydroxymethylation is increasingly recognized as an important DNA modification involved in epigenetic regulation. In the present study, we investigated if hydroxymethylation plays a role in fish domestication and demonstrated for the first time at a genome-wide level and single nucleotide resolution that the muscle hydroxymethylome changes after a single generation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) domestication. The overall decrease in hydroxymethylcytosine levels was accompanied by the downregulation of 2015 genes in fish reared in captivity compared to their wild progenitors. In contrast, several myogenic and metabolic genes that can affect growth potential were upregulated. There were 126 differentially hydroxymethylated cytosines between groups, which were not due to genetic variation; they were associated with genes involved in immune-, growth- and neuronal-related pathways. Taken together, our data unveil a new role for DNA hydroxymethylation in epigenetic regulation of fish domestication with impact in aquaculture and implications in artificial selection, environmental adaptation and genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Bioinformatics Core facility-BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robin Mjelle
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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22
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Frank M, Citarella CG, Quinones GB, Bentley M. A novel labeling strategy reveals that myosin Va and myosin Vb bind the same dendritically polarized vesicle population. Traffic 2020; 21:689-701. [PMID: 32959500 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are specialized cells with a polarized geometry and several distinct subdomains that require specific complements of proteins. Delivery of transmembrane proteins requires vesicle transport, which is mediated by molecular motor proteins. The myosin V family of motor proteins mediates transport to the barbed end of actin filaments, and little is known about the vesicles bound by myosin V in neurons. We developed a novel strategy to visualize myosin V-labeled vesicles in cultured hippocampal neurons and systematically characterized the vesicle populations labeled by myosin Va and Vb. We find that both myosins bind vesicles that are polarized to the somatodendritic domain where they undergo bidirectional long-range transport. A series of two-color imaging experiments showed that myosin V specifically colocalized with two different vesicle populations: vesicles labeled with the transferrin receptor and vesicles labeled by low-density lipoprotein receptor. Finally, coexpression with Kinesin-3 family members found that myosin V binds vesicles concurrently with KIF13A or KIF13B, supporting the hypothesis that coregulation of kinesins and myosin V on vesicles is likely to play an important role in neuronal vesicle transport. We anticipate that this new assay will be applicable in a broad range of cell types to determine the function of myosin V motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Frank
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Clara G Citarella
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Geraldine B Quinones
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Marvin Bentley
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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23
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Bowman SL, Bi-Karchin J, Le L, Marks MS. The road to lysosome-related organelles: Insights from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases. Traffic 2020; 20:404-435. [PMID: 30945407 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a diverse group of cell type-specific, membrane-bound subcellular organelles that derive at least in part from the endolysosomal system but that have unique contents, morphologies and functions to support specific physiological roles. They include: melanosomes that provide pigment to our eyes and skin; alpha and dense granules in platelets, and lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which release effectors to regulate hemostasis and immunity; and distinct classes of lamellar bodies in lung epithelial cells and keratinocytes that support lung plasticity and skin lubrication. The formation, maturation and/or secretion of subsets of LROs are dysfunctional or entirely absent in a number of hereditary syndromic disorders, including in particular the Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LROs in humans and model organisms and presents our current understanding of how the products of genes that are defective in heritable diseases impact their formation, motility and ultimate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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24
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Abd Elmaksoud MS, Gomaa NS, Azouz HG, On CNV, Ho CT, Omar TE, McGrath JA, Onoufriadis A. Genetic analysis in three Egyptian patients with Griscelli syndrome Type 1 reveals new nonsense mutations in MYO5A. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:789-792. [PMID: 32275080 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Abd Elmaksoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - N S Gomaa
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - H G Azouz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - C N V On
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C T Ho
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T E Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - J A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
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25
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Beraldi EJ, Borges SC, de Almeida FLA, Dos Santos A, Saad MJA, Buttow NC. Colonic neuronal loss and delayed motility induced by high-fat diet occur independently of changes in the major groups of microbiota in Swiss mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13745. [PMID: 31721393 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been linked to gastrointestinal disorders, and the loss of myenteric neurons in the intestine caused by high-fat diets (HFD) has been attributed to changes in microbiota and lipotoxicity. We investigated whether the prebiotic inulin modulates bacterial populations and alleviates neuronal loss in mice fed HFD. METHODS Swiss mice were fed purified rodent diet or HFD (59% kcal fat), or both diets supplemented with inulin for 17 weeks. Intestinal motility was assessed and a metagenome analysis of the colonic microbiota was performed. The gene expression of inflammatory markers was evaluated, and immunofluorescence was performed for different types of myenteric neurons and glial cells in the distal colon. KEY RESULTS The HFD caused obesity and delayed colonic motility. The loss of myenteric neurons and glial cells in obese mice affected all of the studied neuronal populations, including neurons positive for myosin-V, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and calretinin. Although obese mice supplemented with inulin exhibited improvements in colonic motility, neuronal, and glial cell loss persisted. The HFD did not altered the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine or the prevalence of the major groups in microbiota, but inulin increased the proportion of the genus Akkermansia in the obese mice. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In Swiss mice, the HFD-induced neuronal loss but did not change the major groups in microbiota. This suggests that, despite the increase in the beneficial bacteria, other factors that are directly linked to excess dietary lipid intake affect the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro José Beraldi
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (PBC), State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrey Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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26
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Dolce LG, Ohbayashi N, Silva DFD, Ferrari AJ, Pirolla RA, Schwarzer ACDA, Zanphorlin LM, Cabral L, Fioramonte M, Ramos CH, Gozzo FC, Fukuda M, Giuseppe POD, Murakami MT. Unveiling the interaction between the molecular motor Myosin Vc and the small GTPase Rab3A. J Proteomics 2020; 212:103549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Myosin Va interacts with the exosomal protein spermine synthase. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182189. [PMID: 30733278 PMCID: PMC6395372 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va (MyoVa) is an actin-based molecular motor that plays key roles in the final stages of secretory pathways, including neurotransmitter release. Several studies have addressed how MyoVa coordinates the trafficking of secretory vesicles, but why this molecular motor is found in exosomes is still unclear. In this work, using a yeast two-hybrid screening system, we identified the direct interaction between the globular tail domain (GTD) of MyoVa and four protein components of exosomes: the WD repeat-containing protein 48 (WDR48), the cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1), the tandem C2 domain-containing protein 1 (TC2N), and the enzyme spermine synthase (SMS). The interaction between the GTD of MyoVa and SMS was further validated in vitro and displayed a Kd in the low micromolar range (3.5 ± 0.5 µM). SMS localized together with MyoVa in cytoplasmic vesicles of breast cancer MCF-7 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines, known to produce exosomes. Moreover, MYO5A knockdown decreased the expression of SMS gene and rendered the distribution of SMS protein diffuse, supporting a role for MyoVa in SMS expression and targeting.
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28
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Nuckels RJ, Nice CC, García DM. Duplicated Myosin V Genes in Teleosts Show Evolutionary Rate Variations among the Motor and Cargo-Binding Domains. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:415-430. [PMID: 30496538 PMCID: PMC6372264 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed evolutionary rates of conserved, duplicated myosin V (myo5) genes in nine teleost species to examine the outcomes of duplication events. Syntenic analysis and ancestral chromosome mapping suggest one tandem gene duplication event leading to the appearance of myo5a and myo5c, two rounds of whole genome duplication for vertebrates, and an additional round of whole genome duplication for teleosts account for the presence and location of the myo5 genes and their duplicates in teleosts and other vertebrates and the timing of the duplication events. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a previously unidentified myo5 clade that we refer to now as myo5bb. Analysis using dN/dS rate comparisons revealed large regions within duplicated myo5 genes that are highly conserved. Codons identified in other studies as encoding functionally important portions of the Myo5a and Myo5b proteins are shown to be highly conserved within the newly identified myo5bb clade and in other myo5 duplicates. As much as 30% of 319 codons encoding the cargo-binding domain in the myo5aa genes are conserved in all three codon positions in nine teleost species. For the myo5bb cargo-binding domain, 6.6% of 336 codons have zero substitutions in all nine teleost species. Using molecular evolution assays, we identify the myo5bb branch as being subject to evolutionary rate variation with the cargo-binding domain, having 20% of the sites under positive selection and the motor domain having 8% of its sites under positive selection. The high number of invariant codons coupled with relatively high dN/dS values in the region of the myo5 genes encoding the ATP-binding domain suggests the encoded proteins retain function and may have acquired novel functions associated with changes to the cargo-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Nuckels
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos.,Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Chris C Nice
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos
| | - Dana M García
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos
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29
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Maschi D, Gramlich MW, Klyachko VA. Myosin V functions as a vesicle tether at the plasma membrane to control neurotransmitter release in central synapses. eLife 2018; 7:e39440. [PMID: 30320552 PMCID: PMC6209431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle fusion occurs at specialized release sites at the active zone. How refilling of release sites with new vesicles is regulated in central synapses remains poorly understood. Using nanoscale-resolution detection of individual release events in rat hippocampal synapses we found that inhibition of myosin V, the predominant vesicle-associated motor, strongly reduced refilling of the release sites during repetitive stimulation. Single-vesicle tracking revealed that recycling vesicles continuously shuttle between a plasma membrane pool and an inner pool. Vesicle retention at the membrane pool was regulated by neural activity in a myosin V dependent manner. Ultrastructural measurements of vesicle occupancy at the plasma membrane together with analyses of single-vesicle trajectories during vesicle shuttling between the pools suggest that myosin V acts as a vesicle tether at the plasma membrane, rather than a motor transporting vesicles to the release sites, or directly regulating vesicle exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Maschi
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
| | - Michael W Gramlich
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
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30
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Vesicular movements in the growth cone. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Barua B, Sckolnick M, White HD, Trybus KM, Hitchcock-DeGregori SE. Distinct sites in tropomyosin specify shared and isoform-specific regulation of myosins II and V. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:150-163. [PMID: 29500902 PMCID: PMC5899941 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction, cytokinesis, cellular movement, and intracellular transport depend on regulated actin-myosin interaction. Most actin filaments bind one or more isoform of tropomyosin, a coiled-coil protein that stabilizes the filaments and regulates interactions with other actin-binding proteins, including myosin. Isoform-specific allosteric regulation of muscle myosin II by actin-tropomyosin is well-established while that of processive myosins, such as myosin V, which transport organelles and macromolecules in the cell periphery, is less certain. Is the regulation by tropomyosin a universal mechanism, the consequence of the conserved periodic structures of tropomyosin, or is it the result of specialized interactions between particular isoforms of myosin and tropomyosin? Here, we show that striated muscle tropomyosin, Tpm1.1, inhibits fast skeletal muscle myosin II but not myosin Va. The non-muscle tropomyosin, Tpm3.1, in contrast, activates both myosins. To decipher the molecular basis of these opposing regulatory effects, we introduced mutations at conserved surface residues within the six periodic repeats (periods) of Tpm3.1, in positions homologous or analogous to those important for regulation of skeletal muscle myosin by Tpm1.1. We identified conserved residues in the internal periods of both tropomyosin isoforms that are important for the function of myosin Va and striated myosin II. Conserved residues in the internal and C-terminal periods that correspond to Tpm3.1-specific exons inhibit myosin Va but not myosin II function. These results suggest that tropomyosins may directly impact myosin function through both general and isoform-specific mechanisms that identify actin tracks for the recruitment and function of particular myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Barua
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Maria Sckolnick
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Howard D. White
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507
| | - Kathleen M. Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Sarah E. Hitchcock-DeGregori
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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32
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Pesaresi M, Giatti S, Spezzano R, Romano S, Diviccaro S, Borsello T, Mitro N, Caruso D, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC. Axonal transport in a peripheral diabetic neuropathy model: sex-dimorphic features. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:6. [PMID: 29351809 PMCID: PMC5775621 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disruption of axonal transport plays a pivotal role in diabetic neuropathy. A sex-dimorphism exists in the incidence and symptomatology of diabetic neuropathy; however, no studies so far have addressed sex differences in axonal motor proteins expression in early diabetes as well as the possible involvement of neuroactive steroids. Interestingly, recent data point to a role for mitochondria in the sexual dimorphism of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria have a fundamental role in axonal transport by producing the motors’ energy source, ATP. Moreover, neuroactive steroids can also regulate mitochondrial function. Methods Here, we investigated the impact of short-term diabetes in the peripheral nervous system of male and female rats on key motor proteins important for axonal transport, mitochondrial function, and neuroactive steroids levels. Results We show that short-term diabetes alters mRNA levels and axoplasm protein contents of kinesin family member KIF1A, KIF5B, KIF5A and Myosin Va in male but not in female rats. Similarly, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α, a subunit of the respiratory chain complex IV, ATP levels and the key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics were affected in males but not in females. Concomitant analysis of neuroactive steroid levels in sciatic nerve showed an alteration of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and allopregnanolone in diabetic males, whereas no changes were observed in female rats. Conclusions These findings suggest that sex-specific decrease in neuroactive steroid levels in male diabetic animals may cause an alteration in their mitochondrial function that in turn might impact in axonal transport, contributing to the sex difference observed in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pesaresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Spezzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, CIBER de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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33
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Zhang N, Yao LL, Li XD. Regulation of class V myosin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:261-273. [PMID: 28730277 PMCID: PMC11105390 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Class V myosin (myosin-5) is a molecular motor that functions as an organelle transporter. The activation of myosin-5's motor function has long been known to be associated with a transition from the folded conformation in the off-state to the extended conformation in the on-state, but only recently have we begun to understand the underlying mechanism. The globular tail domain (GTD) of myosin-5 has been identified as the inhibitory domain and has recently been shown to function as a dimer in regulating the motor function. The folded off-state of myosin-5 is stabilized by multiple intramolecular interactions, including head-GTD interactions, GTD-GTD interactions, and interactions between the GTD and the C-terminus of the first coiled-coil segment. Any cellular factor that affects these intramolecular interactions and thus the stability of the folded conformation of myosin-5 would be expected to regulate myosin-5 motor function. Both the adaptor proteins of myosin-5 and Ca2+ are potential regulators of myosin-5 motor function, because they can destabilize its folded conformation. A combination of these regulators provides a versatile scheme in regulating myosin-5 motor function in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yao
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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34
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Assis LHP, Silva-Junior RMP, Dolce LG, Alborghetti MR, Honorato RV, Nascimento AFZ, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Trindade DM, Tonoli CCC, Santos CT, Oliveira PSL, Larson RE, Kobarg J, Espreafico EM, Giuseppe PO, Murakami MT. The molecular motor Myosin Va interacts with the cilia-centrosomal protein RPGRIP1L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43692. [PMID: 28266547 PMCID: PMC5339802 DOI: 10.1038/srep43692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va (MyoVa) is an actin-based molecular motor abundantly found at the centrosome. However, the role of MyoVa at this organelle has been elusive due to the lack of evidence on interacting partners or functional data. Herein, we combined yeast two-hybrid screen, biochemical studies and cellular assays to demonstrate that MyoVa interacts with RPGRIP1L, a cilia-centrosomal protein that controls ciliary signaling and positioning. MyoVa binds to the C2 domains of RPGRIP1L via residues located near or in the Rab11a-binding site, a conserved site in the globular tail domain (GTD) from class V myosins. According to proximity ligation assays, MyoVa and RPGRIP1L can interact near the cilium base in ciliated RPE cells. Furthermore, we showed that RPE cells expressing dominant-negative constructs of MyoVa are mostly unciliated, providing the first experimental evidence about a possible link between this molecular motor and cilia-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H P Assis
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R M P Silva-Junior
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L G Dolce
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Alborghetti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R V Honorato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A F Z Nascimento
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - T D Melo-Hanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - D M Trindade
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C C C Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C T Santos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P S L Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R E Larson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Kobarg
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E M Espreafico
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P O Giuseppe
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M T Murakami
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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35
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Lipstein N, Göth M, Piotrowski C, Pagel K, Sinz A, Jahn O. Presynaptic Calmodulin targets: lessons from structural proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:223-242. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1275966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Lipstein
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Göth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin & Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Piotrowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin & Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Lin YC, Frei JA, Kilander MBC, Shen W, Blatt GJ. A Subset of Autism-Associated Genes Regulate the Structural Stability of Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:263. [PMID: 27909399 PMCID: PMC5112273 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a range of neurological conditions that affect individuals’ ability to communicate and interact with others. People with ASD often exhibit marked qualitative difficulties in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Alterations in neurite arborization and dendritic spine morphology, including size, shape, and number, are hallmarks of almost all neurological conditions, including ASD. As experimental evidence emerges in recent years, it becomes clear that although there is broad heterogeneity of identified autism risk genes, many of them converge into similar cellular pathways, including those regulating neurite outgrowth, synapse formation and spine stability, and synaptic plasticity. These mechanisms together regulate the structural stability of neurons and are vulnerable targets in ASD. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of those autism risk genes that affect the structural connectivity of neurons. We sub-categorize them into (1) cytoskeletal regulators, e.g., motors and small RhoGTPase regulators; (2) adhesion molecules, e.g., cadherins, NCAM, and neurexin superfamily; (3) cell surface receptors, e.g., glutamatergic receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases; (4) signaling molecules, e.g., protein kinases and phosphatases; and (5) synaptic proteins, e.g., vesicle and scaffolding proteins. Although the roles of some of these genes in maintaining neuronal structural stability are well studied, how mutations contribute to the autism phenotype is still largely unknown. Investigating whether and how the neuronal structure and function are affected when these genes are mutated will provide insights toward developing effective interventions aimed at improving the lives of people with autism and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Lin
- Laboratory of Neuronal Connectivity, Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Jeannine A Frei
- Laboratory of Neuronal Connectivity, Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Michaela B C Kilander
- Laboratory of Neuronal Connectivity, Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Laboratory of Neuronal Connectivity, Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Gene J Blatt
- Laboratory of Autism Neurocircuitry, Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore MD, USA
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37
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Pylypenko O, Welz T, Tittel J, Kollmar M, Chardon F, Malherbe G, Weiss S, Michel CIL, Samol-Wolf A, Grasskamp AT, Hume A, Goud B, Baron B, England P, Titus MA, Schwille P, Weidemann T, Houdusse A, Kerkhoff E. Coordinated recruitment of Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motors to Rab11 vesicle membranes. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27623148 PMCID: PMC5021521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a coupling of actin assembly and myosin motor activity in cells. However, mechanisms for recruitment of actin nucleators and motors on specific membrane compartments remain unclear. Here we report how Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motors coordinate their specific membrane recruitment. The myosin V globular tail domain (MyoV-GTD) interacts directly with an evolutionarily conserved Spir sequence motif. We determined crystal structures of MyoVa-GTD bound either to the Spir-2 motif or to Rab11 and show that a Spir-2:MyoVa:Rab11 complex can form. The ternary complex architecture explains how Rab11 vesicles support coordinated F-actin nucleation and myosin force generation for vesicle transport and tethering. New insights are also provided into how myosin activation can be coupled with the generation of actin tracks. Since MyoV binds several Rab GTPases, synchronized nucleator and motor targeting could provide a common mechanism to control force generation and motility in different cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Pylypenko
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Welz
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Janine Tittel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Kollmar
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Chardon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Malherbe
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Weiss
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alistair Hume
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Baron
- Institut Pasteur, Biophysics of Macromolecules and their Interactions, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Patrick England
- Institut Pasteur, Biophysics of Macromolecules and their Interactions, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
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38
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Regulation of the Postsynaptic Compartment of Excitatory Synapses by the Actin Cytoskeleton in Health and Its Disruption in Disease. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:2371970. [PMID: 27127658 PMCID: PMC4835652 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2371970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synaptic function at excitatory synapses is one of the earliest pathological changes seen in wide range of neurological diseases. The proper control of the segregation of neurotransmitter receptors at these synapses is directly correlated with the intact regulation of the postsynaptic cytoskeleton. In this review, we are discussing key factors that regulate the structure and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, the major cytoskeletal building block that supports the postsynaptic compartment. Special attention is given to the complex interplay of actin-associated proteins that are found in the synaptic specialization. We then discuss our current understanding of how disruption of these cytoskeletal elements may contribute to the pathological events observed in the nervous system under disease conditions with a particular focus on Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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39
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Yoshii A, Constantine-Paton M, Ip NY. Editorial: Cell and molecular signaling, and transport pathways involved in growth factor control of synaptic development and function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2015; 7:8. [PMID: 26089796 PMCID: PMC4454881 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2015.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshii
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha Constantine-Paton
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA ; McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong, China ; Molecular Neuroscience Center and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong, China
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van Bergeijk P, Adrian M, Hoogenraad CC, Kapitein LC. Optogenetic control of organelle transport and positioning. Nature 2015; 518:111-114. [PMID: 25561173 DOI: 10.1038/nature14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Proper positioning of organelles by cytoskeleton-based motor proteins underlies cellular events such as signalling, polarization and growth. For many organelles, however, the precise connection between position and function has remained unclear, because strategies to control intracellular organelle positioning with spatiotemporal precision are lacking. Here we establish optical control of intracellular transport by using light-sensitive heterodimerization to recruit specific cytoskeletal motor proteins (kinesin, dynein or myosin) to selected cargoes. We demonstrate that the motility of peroxisomes, recycling endosomes and mitochondria can be locally and repeatedly induced or stopped, allowing rapid organelle repositioning. We applied this approach in primary rat hippocampal neurons to test how local positioning of recycling endosomes contributes to axon outgrowth and found that dynein-driven removal of endosomes from axonal growth cones reversibly suppressed axon growth, whereas kinesin-driven endosome enrichment enhanced growth. Our strategy for optogenetic control of organelle positioning will be widely applicable to explore site-specific organelle functions in different model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra van Bergeijk
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Max Adrian
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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The role of rab proteins in neuronal cells and in the trafficking of neurotrophin receptors. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:642-77. [PMID: 25295627 PMCID: PMC4289860 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that are important for neuronal development, neuronal survival and neuronal functions. Neurotrophins exert their role by binding to their receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) and p75NTR, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Binding of neurotrophins to receptors triggers a complex series of signal transduction events, which are able to induce neuronal differentiation but are also responsible for neuronal maintenance and neuronal functions. Rab proteins are small GTPases localized to the cytosolic surface of specific intracellular compartments and are involved in controlling vesicular transport. Rab proteins, acting as master regulators of the membrane trafficking network, play a central role in both trafficking and signaling pathways of neurotrophin receptors. Axonal transport represents the Achilles' heel of neurons, due to the long-range distance that molecules, organelles and, in particular, neurotrophin-receptor complexes have to cover. Indeed, alterations of axonal transport and, specifically, of axonal trafficking of neurotrophin receptors are responsible for several human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and some forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In this review, we will discuss the link between Rab proteins and neurotrophin receptor trafficking and their influence on downstream signaling pathways.
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Ouderkirk JL, Krendel M. Non-muscle myosins in tumor progression, cancer cell invasion, and metastasis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:447-63. [PMID: 25087729 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton, which regulates cell polarity, adhesion, and migration, can influence cancer progression, including initial acquisition of malignant properties by normal cells, invasion of adjacent tissues, and metastasis to distant sites. Actin-dependent molecular motors, myosins, play key roles in regulating tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we examine how non-muscle myosins regulate neoplastic transformation and cancer cell migration and invasion. Members of the myosin superfamily can act as either enhancers or suppressors of tumor progression. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on how mutations or epigenetic changes in myosin genes and changes in myosin expression may affect tumor progression and patient outcomes and discusses the proposed mechanisms linking myosin inactivation or upregulation to malignant phenotype, cancer cell migration, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ouderkirk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, New York
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