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Aljammal R, Saravanan T, Guan T, Rhodes S, Robichaux MA, Ramamurthy V. Excessive tubulin glutamylation leads to progressive cone-rod dystrophy and loss of outer segment integrity. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:802-817. [PMID: 38297980 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Cytosolic Carboxypeptidase-like Protein 5 (CCP5) are associated with vision loss in humans. To decipher the mechanisms behind CCP5-associated blindness, we generated a novel mouse model lacking CCP5. In this model, we found that increased tubulin glutamylation led to progressive cone-rod dystrophy, with cones showing a more pronounced and earlier functional loss than rod photoreceptors. The observed functional reduction was not due to cell death, levels, or the mislocalization of major phototransduction proteins. Instead, the increased tubulin glutamylation caused shortened photoreceptor axonemes and the formation of numerous abnormal membranous whorls that disrupted the integrity of photoreceptor outer segments (OS). Ultimately, excessive tubulin glutamylation led to the progressive loss of photoreceptors, affecting cones more severely than rods. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining tubulin glutamylation for normal photoreceptor function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that murine cone photoreceptors are more sensitive to disrupted tubulin glutamylation levels than rods, suggesting an essential role for axoneme in the structural integrity of the cone outer segment. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of photoreceptor diseases linked to excessive tubulin glutamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa Aljammal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, One Stadium Dr, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Thamaraiselvi Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, One Stadium Dr, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Tongju Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, One Stadium Dr, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Scott Rhodes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, One Stadium Dr, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Michael A Robichaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, One Stadium Dr, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Visvanathan Ramamurthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, One Stadium Dr, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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2
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Zhang Z, Moye AR, He F, Chen M, Agosto MA, Wensel TG. Centriole and transition zone structures in photoreceptor cilia revealed by cryo-electron tomography. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302409. [PMID: 38182160 PMCID: PMC10770417 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia mediate sensory signaling in multiple organisms and cell types but have structures adapted for specific roles. Structural defects in them lead to devastating diseases known as ciliopathies in humans. Key to their functions are structures at their base: the basal body, the transition zone, the "Y-shaped links," and the "ciliary necklace." We have used cryo-electron tomography with subtomogram averaging and conventional transmission electron microscopy to elucidate the structures associated with the basal region of the "connecting cilia" of rod outer segments in mouse retina. The longitudinal variations in microtubule (MT) structures and the lumenal scaffold complexes connecting them have been determined, as well as membrane-associated transition zone structures: Y-shaped links connecting MT to the membrane, and ciliary beads connected to them that protrude from the cell surface and form a necklace-like structure. These results represent a clearer structural scaffold onto which molecules identified by genetics, proteomics, and superresolution fluorescence can be placed in our emerging model of photoreceptor sensory cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhang
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abigail R Moye
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmic Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Feng He
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muyuan Chen
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Melina A Agosto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Theodore G Wensel
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Arslanhan MD, Cengiz-Emek S, Odabasi E, Steib E, Hamel V, Guichard P, Firat-Karalar EN. CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and controls centriole length and integrity. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202305009. [PMID: 37934472 PMCID: PMC10630097 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles responsible for forming centrosomes and cilia, which serve as microtubule-organizing, signaling, and motility centers. Biogenesis and maintenance of centrioles with proper number, size, and architecture are vital for their functions during development and physiology. While centriole number control has been well-studied, less is understood about their maintenance as stable structures with conserved size and architecture during cell division and ciliary motility. Here, we identified CCDC15 as a centriole protein that colocalizes with and interacts with the inner scaffold, a crucial centriolar subcompartment for centriole size control and integrity. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we found that CCDC15 depletion affects centriole length and integrity, leading to defective cilium formation, maintenance, and response to Hedgehog signaling. Moreover, loss-of-function experiments showed CCDC15's role in recruiting both the inner scaffold protein POC1B and the distal SFI1/Centrin-2 complex to centrioles. Our findings reveal players and mechanisms of centriole architectural integrity and insights into diseases linked to centriolar defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis D. Arslanhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyma Cengiz-Emek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Odabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emmanuelle Steib
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Truong HM, Cruz-Colón KO, Martínez-Márquez JY, Willer JR, Travis AM, Biswas SK, Lo WK, Bolz HJ, Pearring JN. The tectonic complex regulates membrane protein composition in the photoreceptor cilium. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5671. [PMID: 37704658 PMCID: PMC10500017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a signaling organelle with a unique membrane composition maintained by a diffusional barrier residing at the transition zone. Many transition zone proteins, such as the tectonic complex, are linked to preserving ciliary composition but the mechanism remains unknown. To understand tectonic's role, we generate a photoreceptor-specific Tctn1 knockout mouse. Loss of Tctn1 results in the absence of the entire tectonic complex and associated MKS proteins yet has minimal effects on the transition zone structure of rod photoreceptors. We find that the protein composition of the photoreceptor cilium is disrupted as non-resident membrane proteins accumulate in the cilium over time, ultimately resulting in photoreceptor degeneration. We further show that fluorescent rhodopsin moves faster through the transition zone in photoreceptors lacking tectonic, which suggests that the tectonic complex acts as a physical barrier to slow down membrane protein diffusion in the photoreceptor transition zone to ensure proper removal of non-resident membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh M Truong
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin O Cruz-Colón
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jason R Willer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanda M Travis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sondip K Biswas
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Woo-Kuen Lo
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanno J Bolz
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Genetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jillian N Pearring
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Moretti E, Noto D, Corsaro R, Collodel G. Focus on centrin in normal and altered human spermatozoa. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:175-187. [PMID: 36892570 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2023.2181115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
This review provides details on the role of centrin in human spermatozoa and in various forms of male infertility. Centrin is a calcium (Ca2+)-binding phosphoprotein that is located in the centrioles - which are typical structures of the sperm connecting piece and play a key role in centrosome dynamics during sperm morphogenesis - as well as in zygotes and early embryos during spindle assembly. In humans, three different centrin genes encoding three isoforms have been discovered. Centrin 1, the only one expressed in spermatozoa, seems to be lost inside the oocyte after fertilization. The sperm connecting piece is characterized by the presence of numerous proteins including centrin, that deserves particular attention because, in humans, it is enriched during maturation of the centrioles. In normal sperm, centrin 1 is visible as two distinct spots in the head-tail junction; however, in some defective spermatozoa, centrin 1 distribution is altered. Centrin has been studied in humans and animal models. Its mutations may lead to several structural alterations, such as serious defects in the connective piece and, subsequently, fertilization failure or incomplete embryonic development. However, the effects of these abnormalities on male fertility have not been fully studied. Because the presence and the function of centrin in the sperm connecting piece appears important for reproductive success, additional studies are needed to bring medical benefits in resolving some cases of idiopathic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moretti
- Department Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daria Noto
- Department Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Corsaro
- Department Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Collodel
- Department Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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6
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Smith JL, Wilson ML, Nilson SM, Rowan TN, Schnabel RD, Decker JE, Seabury CM. Genome-wide association and genotype by environment interactions for growth traits in U.S. Red Angus cattle. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:517. [PMID: 35842584 PMCID: PMC9287884 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genotypic information produced from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays has routinely been used to identify genomic regions associated with complex traits in beef and dairy cattle. Herein, we assembled a dataset consisting of 15,815 Red Angus beef cattle distributed across the continental U.S. and a union set of 836,118 imputed SNPs to conduct genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) for growth traits using univariate linear mixed models (LMM); including birth weight, weaning weight, and yearling weight. Genomic relationship matrix heritability estimates were produced for all growth traits, and genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions were investigated. Results Moderate to high heritabilities with small standard errors were estimated for birth weight (0.51 ± 0.01), weaning weight (0.25 ± 0.01), and yearling weight (0.42 ± 0.01). GWAA revealed 12 pleiotropic QTL (BTA6, BTA14, BTA20) influencing Red Angus birth weight, weaning weight, and yearling weight which met a nominal significance threshold (P ≤ 1e-05) for polygenic traits using 836K imputed SNPs. Moreover, positional candidate genes associated with Red Angus growth traits in this study (i.e., LCORL, LOC782905, NCAPG, HERC6, FAM184B, SLIT2, MMRN1, KCNIP4, CCSER1, GRID2, ARRDC3, PLAG1, IMPAD1, NSMAF, PENK, LOC112449660, MOS, SH3PXD2B, STC2, CPEB4) were also previously associated with feed efficiency, growth, and carcass traits in beef cattle. Collectively, 14 significant GxE interactions were also detected, but were less consistent among the investigated traits at a nominal significance threshold (P ≤ 1e-05); with one pleiotropic GxE interaction detected on BTA28 (24 Mb) for Red Angus weaning weight and yearling weight. Conclusions Sixteen well-supported QTL regions detected from the GWAA and GxE GWAA for growth traits (birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight) in U.S. Red Angus cattle were found to be pleiotropic. Twelve of these pleiotropic QTL were also identified in previous studies focusing on feed efficiency and growth traits in multiple beef breeds and/or their composites. In agreement with other beef cattle GxE studies our results implicate the role of vasodilation, metabolism, and the nervous system in the genetic sensitivity to environmental stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08667-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
| | - Miranda L Wilson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
| | - Sara M Nilson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Troy N Rowan
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Jared E Decker
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Christopher M Seabury
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA.
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7
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Mercey O, Kostic C, Bertiaux E, Giroud A, Sadian Y, Gaboriau DCA, Morrison CG, Chang N, Arsenijevic Y, Guichard P, Hamel V. The connecting cilium inner scaffold provides a structural foundation that protects against retinal degeneration. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001649. [PMID: 35709082 PMCID: PMC9202906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration due to loss of photoreceptor cells is a leading cause of human blindness. These cells possess a photosensitive outer segment linked to the cell body through the connecting cilium (CC). While structural defects of the CC have been associated with retinal degeneration, its nanoscale molecular composition, assembly, and function are barely known. Here, using expansion microscopy and electron microscopy, we reveal the molecular architecture of the CC and demonstrate that microtubules are linked together by a CC inner scaffold containing POC5, CENTRIN, and FAM161A. Dissecting CC inner scaffold assembly during photoreceptor development in mouse revealed that it acts as a structural zipper, progressively bridging microtubule doublets and straightening the CC. Furthermore, we show that Fam161a disruption in mouse leads to specific CC inner scaffold loss and triggers microtubule doublet spreading, prior to outer segment collapse and photoreceptor degeneration, suggesting a molecular mechanism for a subtype of retinitis pigmentosa. Inherited retinal degeneration due to loss of photoreceptor cells is a leading cause of human blindness. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy on mouse retina reveals the presence of a novel structure inside the photoreceptor connecting cilium, the inner scaffold, that protects the outer segment against degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mercey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Group for Retinal Disorder Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eloïse Bertiaux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Giroud
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yashar Sadian
- CryoGenic Facility, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David C. A. Gaboriau
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciaran G. Morrison
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ning Chang
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PG); (VH)
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PG); (VH)
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8
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Degl’Innocenti E, Poloni TE, Medici V, Recupero L, Dell’Amico C, Vannini E, Borello U, Mazzanti CM, Onorati M, Dell’Anno MT. Centrin 2: A Novel Marker of Mature and Neoplastic Human Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:858347. [PMID: 35573835 PMCID: PMC9100563 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.858347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), centrosomes play a pivotal role in cell division, neurodevelopment and neuronal maturation. Among centrosomal proteins, centrin-2 (CETN2) also contributes to DNA repair mechanisms which are fundamental to prevent genomic instability during neural stem cell pool expansion. Nevertheless, the expression profile of CETN2 in human neural stem cells and their progeny is currently unknown. To address this question, we interrogated a platform of human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells derived from post mortem developing brain or established from pluripotent cells and demonstrated that while CETN2 retains its centrosomal location in proliferating NES cells, its expression pattern changes upon differentiation. In particular, we found that CETN2 is selectively expressed in mature astrocytes with a broad cytoplasmic distribution. We then extended our findings on human autoptic nervous tissue samples. We investigated CETN2 distribution in diverse anatomical areas along the rostro-caudal neuraxis and pointed out a peculiar topography of CETN2-labeled astrocytes in humans which was not appreciable in murine tissues, where CETN2 was mostly confined to ependymal cells. As a prototypical condition with glial overproliferation, we also explored CETN2 expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), reporting a focal concentration of CETN2 in neoplastic astrocytes. This study expands CETN2 localization beyond centrosomes and reveals a unique expression pattern that makes it eligible as a novel astrocytic molecular marker, thus opening new roads to glial biology and human neural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Degl’Innocenti
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation and ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation and ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Luca Recupero
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Claudia Dell’Amico
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Borello
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Onorati
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell’Anno
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Teresa Dell’Anno,
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9
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Liu Z, Li H, Pan S. Discovery and Validation of Key Biomarkers Based on Immune Infiltrates in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:658323. [PMID: 34276768 PMCID: PMC8281057 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.658323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most common neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to progressive loss of cognition and memory. Presently, the underlying pathogenic genes of AD patients remain elusive, and effective disease-modifying therapy is not available. This study explored novel biomarkers that can affect diagnosis and treatment in AD based on immune infiltration. METHODS The gene expression profiles of 139 AD cases and 134 normal controls were obtained from the NCBI GEO public database. We applied the computational method CIBERSORT to bulk gene expression profiles of AD to quantify 22 subsets of immune cells. Besides, based on the use of the Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO), this study also applied SVM-RFE analysis to screen key genes. GO-based semantic similarity and logistic regression model analyses were applied to explore hub genes further. RESULTS There was a remarkable significance in the infiltration of immune cells between the subgroups. The proportions for monocytes, M0 macrophages, and dendritic cells in the AD group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, while the proportion of some cells was lower than that of the normal group, such as NK cell resting, T-cell CD4 naive, T-cell CD4 memory activation, and eosinophils. Additionally, seven genes (ABCA2, CREBRF, CD72, CETN2, KCNG1, NDUFA2, and RPL36AL) were identified as hub genes. Then we performed the analysis of immune factor correlation, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and GO based on seven hub genes. The AUC of ROC prediction model in test and validation sets were 0.845 and 0.839, respectively. Eventually, the mRNA expression analysis of ABCA2, NDUFA2, CREBRF, and CD72 revealed significant differences among the seven hub genes and then was confirmed by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION A model based on immune cell infiltration might be used to forecast AD patients' diagnosis, and it provided a new perspective for AD treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Liu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Pan
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Lewis TR, Makia MS, Castillo CM, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI, Arshavsky VY. Photoreceptor Disc Enclosure Is Tightly Controlled by Peripherin-2 Oligomerization. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3588-3596. [PMID: 33707293 PMCID: PMC8055076 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0041-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PRPH2 gene encoding the photoreceptor-specific protein PRPH2 (also known as peripherin-2 or rds) cause a broad range of autosomal dominant retinal diseases. Most of these mutations affect the structure of the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment, which is composed of a stack of flattened "disc" membranes surrounded by the plasma membrane. The outer segment is renewed on a daily basis in a process whereby new discs are added at the outer segment base and old discs are shed at the outer segment tip. New discs are formed as serial membrane evaginations, which eventually enclose through a complex process of membrane remodeling (completely in rods and partially in cones). As disc enclosure proceeds, PRPH2 localizes to the rims of enclosed discs where it forms oligomers which fortify the highly curved membrane structure of these rims. In this study, we analyzed the outer segment phenotypes of mice of both sexes bearing a single copy of either the C150S or the Y141C PRPH2 mutation known to prevent or increase the degree of PRPH2 oligomerization, respectively. Strikingly, both mutations increased the number of newly forming, not-yet-enclosed discs, indicating that the precision of disc enclosure is regulated by PRPH2 oligomerization. Without tightly controlled enclosure, discs occasionally over-elongate and form large membranous "whorls" instead of disc stacks. These data show that the defects in outer segment structure arising from abnormal PRPH2 oligomerization are manifested at the stage of disc enclosure.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment contains a stack of flattened "disc" membranes that are surrounded, or "enclosed," by the outer segment membrane. Disc enclosure is an adaptation increasing photoreceptor light sensitivity by facilitating the diffusion of the second messenger along the outer segment axes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which photoreceptor discs enclose within the outer segment membrane remain poorly understood. We now demonstrate that oligomers of the photoreceptor-specific protein peripherin-2, or PRPH2, play an active role in this process. We further propose that defects in disc enclosure because of abnormal PRPH2 oligomerization result in major structural abnormalities of the outer segment, ultimately leading to loss of visual function and cell degeneration in PRPH2 mutant models and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tylor R Lewis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Mustafa S Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Carson M Castillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Vadim Y Arshavsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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11
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Dahl TM, Reed M, Gerstner CD, Ying G, Baehr W. Effect of conditional deletion of cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain DYNC1H1 on postnatal photoreceptors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248354. [PMID: 33705456 PMCID: PMC7951903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein (dynein 1), a major retrograde motor of eukaryotic cells, is a 1.4 MDa protein complex consisting of a pair of heavy chains (DYNC1H1) and a set of heterodimeric noncatalytic accessory components termed intermediate, light intermediate and light chains. DYNC1H1 (4644 amino acids) is the dynein backbone encoded by a gene consisting of 77 exons. We generated a floxed Dync1h1 allele that excises exons 24 and 25 and truncates DYNC1H1 during Six3Cre-induced homologous recombination. Truncation results in loss of the motor and microtubule-binding domain. Dync1h1F/F;Six3Cre photoreceptors degenerated rapidly within two postnatal weeks. In the postnatal day 6 (P6) Dync1h1F/F;Six3Cre central retina, outer and inner nuclear layers were severely disorganized and lacked a recognizable outer plexiform layer (OPL). Although the gene was effectively silenced by P6, DYNC1H1 remnants persisted and aggregated together with rhodopsin, PDE6 and centrin-2-positive centrosomes in the outer nuclear layer. As photoreceptor degeneration is delayed in the Dync1h1F/F;Six3Cre retina periphery, retinal lamination and outer segment elongation are in part preserved. DYNC1H1 strongly persisted in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) beyond P16 suggesting lack of clearance of the DYNC1H1 polypeptide. This persistence of DYNC1H1 allows horizontal, rod bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells to survive past P12. The results show that cytoplasmic dynein is essential for retina lamination, nuclear positioning, vesicular trafficking of photoreceptor membrane proteins and inner/outer segment elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffanie M. Dahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michelle Reed
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Cecilia D. Gerstner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Guoxin Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Li L, Lin Y, Yang F, Zou T, Yang J, Zhang H. An improved method for preparation of mouse retinal cryosections. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32880132 PMCID: PMC7477724 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry using mouse retinal cryosections is a routine assay used in vision research. However, retinal tissues are fragile, and it is difficult to obtain an ideal retinal cryosection. Here, we developed a modified method for preparing retinal cryosection. Super Glue was applied on the surface of the sclera before the cornea and the lens are removed from either the unfixed or PFA-fixed mouse eyeballs. The new methods largely prevented retinal detachment in mouse retinal cryosections. Immunostaining of retinal cryosections derived from PFA-fixed mouse eyes using rod and cone markers yielded high-quality immunofluorescent images. Immunolabeling of retinal cryosections obtained from unfixed mouse eyes using a cilium-specific marker had improved orientations of photoreceptor connecting cilia. This new method substantially improves the morphology and immunostaining results of fixed and unfixed mouse eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan.
| | - Yongqiong Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan.
| | - Fang Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan.
| | - Tongdan Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan.
| | - Jialiang Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan.
| | - Houbin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan.
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The spermatogenesis-associated protein-7 (SPATA7) gene encodes a ciliary protein that is expressed in the photoreceptors and in spermatocytes. Mutations in the SPATA7 gene are associated with congenital and early-onset forms of retinal dystrophy. METHODS Papers and review articles on SPATA7 were retrieved from the PubMed database using the search terms "SPATA7" and "spermatogenesis-associated protein 7". Those that were relevant to retinal disease or to the function of the SPATA7 gene were selected for review. RESULTS The SPATA7 locus was mapped as LCA3 to chromosome 14, and the gene identified by screening of all genes in the refined genomic interval. Mutations in SPATA7 are associated with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. There are no clear-cut correlations between the genotypes and phenotypes in SPATA7-associated disease, and phenotypic heterogeneity occurs among patients with the same mutation. The SPATA7 protein is expressed in the photoreceptor connecting cilia. Murine models of Spata7 knockout have been useful in understanding the role of this gene in the retina at the cellular and molecular levels. CONCLUSION Most of the mutations in the SPATA7 are nonsense or frameshifts and are predicted to lead to loss of function. Clinical heterogeneity is often seen in patients with SPATA7 mutations. Animal models of SPATA7 knockout indicate that the protein has a key role in organizing the ciliary protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Kannabiran
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad, India
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14
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Heydeck W, Bayless BA, Stemm-Wolf AJ, O'Toole ET, Fabritius AS, Ozzello C, Nguyen M, Winey M. Tetrahymena Poc5 is a transient basal body component that is important for basal body maturation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.240838. [PMID: 32350068 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule-based organelles that act as a template for and stabilize cilia at the cell surface. Centrins ubiquitously associate with BBs and function in BB assembly, maturation and stability. Human POC5 (hPOC5) is a highly conserved centrin-binding protein that binds centrins through Sfi1p-like repeats and is required for building full-length, mature centrioles. Here, we use the BB-rich cytoskeleton of Tetrahymena thermophila to characterize Poc5 BB functions. Tetrahymena Poc5 (TtPoc5) uniquely incorporates into assembling BBs and is then removed from mature BBs prior to ciliogenesis. Complete genomic knockout of TtPOC5 leads to a significantly increased production of BBs, yet a markedly reduced ciliary density, both of which are rescued by reintroduction of TtPoc5. A second Tetrahymena POC5-like gene, SFR1, is similarly implicated in modulating BB production. When TtPOC5 and SFR1 are co-deleted, cell viability is compromised and BB overproduction is exacerbated. Overproduced BBs display defective transition zone formation and a diminished capacity for ciliogenesis. This study uncovers a requirement for Poc5 in building mature BBs, providing a possible functional link between hPOC5 mutations and impaired cilia.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Westley Heydeck
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brian A Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander J Stemm-Wolf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eileen T O'Toole
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Amy S Fabritius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Courtney Ozzello
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marina Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark Winey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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15
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Le Guennec M, Klena N, Gambarotto D, Laporte MH, Tassin AM, van den Hoek H, Erdmann PS, Schaffer M, Kovacik L, Borgers S, Goldie KN, Stahlberg H, Bornens M, Azimzadeh J, Engel BD, Hamel V, Guichard P. A helical inner scaffold provides a structural basis for centriole cohesion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4137. [PMID: 32110738 PMCID: PMC7021493 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ninefold radial arrangement of microtubule triplets (MTTs) is the hallmark of the centriole, a conserved organelle crucial for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Although strong cohesion between MTTs is critical to resist forces applied by ciliary beating and the mitotic spindle, how the centriole maintains its structural integrity is not known. Using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, we found that MTTs are bound together by a helical inner scaffold covering ~70% of the centriole length that maintains MTTs cohesion under compressive forces. Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM) indicated that POC5, POC1B, FAM161A, and Centrin-2 localize to the scaffold structure along the inner wall of the centriole MTTs. Moreover, we established that these four proteins interact with each other to form a complex that binds microtubules. Together, our results provide a structural and molecular basis for centriole cohesion and geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Le Guennec
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Klena
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Gambarotto
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine H. Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Tassin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugo van den Hoek
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Erdmann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lubomir Kovacik
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Borgers
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth N. Goldie
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Michel Bornens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS-UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Azimzadeh
- Université de Paris, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin D. Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
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