1
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Celik A, Beyer I, Fiedler D. An Uncommon Phosphorylation Mode Regulates the Activity and Protein Interactions of N-Acetylglucosamine Kinase. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14807-14815. [PMID: 38733353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
While the function of protein phosphorylation in eukaryotic cell signaling is well established, the role of a closely related modification, protein pyrophosphorylation, is just starting to surface. A recent study has identified several targets of endogenous protein pyrophosphorylation in mammalian cell lines, including N-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK). Here, a detailed functional analysis of NAGK phosphorylation and pyrophosphorylation on serine 76 (S76) has been conducted. This analysis was enabled by using amber codon suppression to obtain phosphorylated pS76-NAGK, which was subsequently converted to site-specifically pyrophosphorylated NAGK (ppS76-NAGK) with a phosphorimidazolide reagent. A significant reduction in GlcNAc kinase activity was observed upon phosphorylation and near-complete inactivation upon pyrophosphorylation. The formation of ppS76-NAGK proceeded via an ATP-dependent autocatalytic process, and once formed, ppS76-NAGK displayed notable stability toward dephosphorylation in mammalian cell lysates. Proteomic examination unveiled a distinct set of protein-protein interactions for ppS76-NAGK, suggesting an alternative function, independent of its kinase activity. Overall, a significant regulatory role of pyrophosphorylation on NAGK activity was uncovered, providing a strong incentive to investigate the influence of this unusual phosphorylation mode on other kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Celik
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ida Beyer
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Jin J, Hou S, Yao Y, Liu M, Mao L, Yang M, Tong H, Zeng T, Huang J, Zhu Y, Wang H. Phosphoproteomic Characterization and Kinase Signature Predict Response to Venetoclax Plus 3+7 Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305885. [PMID: 38161214 PMCID: PMC10953567 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains a formidable obstacle in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapeutic management, necessitating the exploration of optimal strategies to maximize therapeutic benefits. Venetoclax with 3+7 daunorubicin and cytarabine (DAV regimen) in young adult de novo AML patients is evaluated. 90% of treated patients achieved complete remission, underscoring the potential of this regimen as a compelling therapeutic intervention. To elucidate underlying mechanisms governing response to DAV in AML, quantitative phosphoproteomics to discern distinct molecular signatures characterizing a subset of DAV-sensitive patients is used. Cluster analysis reveals an enrichment of phosphoproteins implicated in chromatin organization and RNA processing within DAV-susceptible and DA-resistant AML patients. Furthermore, kinase activity profiling identifies AURKB as a candidate indicator of DAV regimen efficacy in DA-resistant AML due to AURKB activation. Intriguingly, AML cells overexpressing AURKB exhibit attenuated MCL-1 expression, rendering them receptive to DAV treatment and maintaining them resistant to DA treatment. Moreover, the dataset delineates a shared kinase, AKT1, associated with DAV response. Notably, AKT1 inhibition augments the antileukemic efficacy of DAV treatment in AML. Overall, this phosphoproteomic study identifies the role of AURKB as a predictive biomarker for DA, but not DAV, resistance and proposes a promising strategy to counteract therapy resistance in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic MalignancyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang University Cancer CenterHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanP. R. China
| | - Shangyu Hou
- Research Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092P.R. China
| | - Yiyi Yao
- Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic MalignancyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Research Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092P.R. China
| | - Liping Mao
- Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic MalignancyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouChina
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic MalignancyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic MalignancyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang University Cancer CenterHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Biomedical big data centerthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang310003P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Biomedical big data centerthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang310003P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- Research Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092P.R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchTongji UniversityShanghai200092P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic MalignancyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang University Cancer CenterHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
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3
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Gan ZY, Callegari S, Nguyen TN, Kirk NS, Leis A, Lazarou M, Dewson G, Komander D. Interaction of PINK1 with nucleotides and kinetin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7408. [PMID: 38241364 PMCID: PMC10798554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin kinase PINK1 accumulates on damaged mitochondria to trigger mitophagy, and PINK1 loss-of-function mutations cause early onset Parkinson's disease. Nucleotide analogs such as kinetin triphosphate (KTP) were reported to enhance PINK1 activity and may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigate the interaction of PINK1 with nucleotides, including KTP. We establish a cryo-EM platform exploiting the dodecamer assembly of Pediculus humanus corporis (Ph) PINK1 and determine PINK1 structures bound to AMP-PNP and ADP, revealing conformational changes in the kinase N-lobe that help establish PINK1's ubiquitin binding site. Notably, we find that KTP is unable to bind PhPINK1 or human (Hs) PINK1 due to a steric clash with the kinase "gatekeeper" methionine residue, and mutation to Ala or Gly is required for PINK1 to bind and use KTP as a phosphate donor in ubiquitin phosphorylation and mitophagy. HsPINK1 M318G can be used to conditionally uncouple PINK1 stabilization and activity on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yan Gan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thanh N. Nguyen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas S. Kirk
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Komander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Romero-Zamora D, Hayashi MT. A non-catalytic N-terminus domain of WRN prevents mitotic telomere deprotection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:645. [PMID: 36635307 PMCID: PMC9837040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeric ends form a loop structure (T-loop) necessary for the repression of ATM kinase activation throughout the normal cell cycle. However, cells undergoing a prolonged mitotic arrest are prone to lose the T-loop, resulting in Aurora B kinase-dependent mitotic telomere deprotection, which was proposed as an anti-tumor mechanism that eliminates precancerous cells from the population. The mechanism of mitotic telomere deprotection has not been elucidated. Here, we show that WRN, a RECQ helicase family member, can suppress mitotic telomere deprotection independently of its exonuclease and helicase activities. Truncation of WRN revealed that N-terminus amino acids 168-333, a region that contains a coiled-coil motif, is sufficient to suppress mitotic telomere deprotection without affecting both mitotic Aurora B-dependent spindle checkpoint and ATM kinase activity. The suppressive activity of the WRN168-333 fragment is diminished in cells partially depleted of TRF2, while WRN is required for complete suppression of mitotic telomere deprotection by TRF2 overexpression. Finally, we found that phosphomimetic but not alanine mutations of putative Aurora B target sites in the WRN168-333 fragment abolished its suppressive effect. Our findings reveal a non-enzymatic function of WRN, which may be regulated by phosphorylation in cells undergoing mitotic arrest. We propose that WRN enhances the protective function of TRF2 to counteract the hypothetical pathway that resolves the mitotic T-loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Romero-Zamora
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033IFOM-KU Joint Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Makoto T. Hayashi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033IFOM-KU Joint Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan ,IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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5
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Song J, Zhou Y, Yakymovych I, Schmidt A, Li C, Heldin CH, Landström M. The ubiquitin-ligase TRAF6 and TGFβ type I receptor form a complex with Aurora kinase B contributing to mitotic progression and cytokinesis in cancer cells. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104155. [PMID: 35853811 PMCID: PMC9386726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is overexpressed in several advanced cancer types and promotes tumor progression. We have reported that the intracellular domain (ICD) of TGFβ receptor (TβR) I is cleaved by proteolytic enzymes in cancer cells, and then translocated to the nucleus in a manner dependent on the endosomal adaptor proteins APPL1/2, driving an invasiveness program. How cancer cells evade TGFβ-induced growth inhibition is unclear. Methods We performed microarray analysis to search for genes regulated by APPL1/2 proteins in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. We investigated the role of TβRI and TRAF6 in mitosis in cancer cell lines cultured in 10% FBS in the absence of exogenous TGFβ. The molecular mechanism of the ubiquitination of AURKB by TRAF6 in mitosis and the formation of AURKB–TβRI complex in cancer cell lines and tissue microarrays was also studied. Findings During mitosis and cytokinesis, AURKB–TβRI complexes formed in midbodies in CRPC and KELLY neuroblastoma cells. TRAF6 induced polyubiquitination of AURKB on K85 and K87, protruding on the surface of AURKB to facilitate its activation. AURKB–TβRI complexes in patient's tumor tissue sections correlated with the malignancy of prostate cancer. Interpretation The AURKB–TβRI complex may become a prognostic biomarker for patients with risk of developing aggressive PC. Funding Swedish Medical Research Council (2019-01598, ML; 2015-02757 and 2020-01291, CHH), the Swedish Cancer Society (20 0964, ML), a regional agreement between Umeå University and Region Västerbotten (ALF; RV-939377, -967041, -970057, ML). The European Research Council (787472, CHH). KAW 2019.0345, and the Kempe Foundation SMK-1866; ML. National Microscopy Infrastructure (NMI VR-RFI 2016-00968).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ihor Yakymovych
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexej Schmidt
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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6
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Vazquez BN, Quartuccio SM, Schindler K. An analog-sensitive allele of Aurora kinase B is lethal in mouse. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021:10.17912/micropub.biology.000491. [PMID: 34841221 PMCID: PMC8611416 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes three Aurora protein kinase homologs (AURKA/B/C) which regulate chromosome segregation in nearly every cell type. AURKC expression is largely limited to meiotic cells. Because of the similarity in sequences between AURKB and AURKC, determining their separate functions during meiosis is challenging. We designed a chemical genetics approach to investigate AURKB function. Using Crispr/Cas9 genome editing in mouse, we replaced an ATP binding pocket amino acid to permit binding of cell-permeable ATP analogs. We also introduced a second site supressor mutation to tolerate the pocket enlargement. Heterozygous mice were fertile, but never produced homozygous analog-sensitive mice. Because Aurkb is an essential gene, we conclude that this analog-sensitive allele is either catalytically inactive or not fully catalytically active in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta N. Vazquez
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,
Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA,
Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Suzanne M. Quartuccio
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA,
Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA,
Correspondence to: Karen Schindler ()
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7
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Abstract
The field of epigenetics has exploded over the last two decades, revealing an astonishing level of complexity in the way genetic information is stored and accessed in eukaryotes. This expansion of knowledge, which is very much ongoing, has been made possible by the availability of evermore sensitive and precise molecular tools. This review focuses on the increasingly important role that chemistry plays in this burgeoning field. In an effort to make these contributions more accessible to the nonspecialist, we group available chemical approaches into those that allow the covalent structure of the protein and DNA components of chromatin to be manipulated, those that allow the activity of myriad factors that act on chromatin to be controlled, and those that allow the covalent structure and folding of chromatin to be characterized. The application of these tools is illustrated through a series of case studies that highlight how the molecular precision afforded by chemistry is being used to establish causal biochemical relationships at the heart of epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bagert
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA; ,
| | - Tom W Muir
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA; ,
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8
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Sharp JA, Perea-Resa C, Wang W, Blower MD. Cell division requires RNA eviction from condensing chromosomes. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:211450. [PMID: 33053167 PMCID: PMC7549315 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the genome is transformed from a decondensed, transcriptionally active state to a highly condensed, transcriptionally inactive state. Mitotic chromosome reorganization is marked by the general attenuation of transcription on chromosome arms, yet how the cell regulates nuclear and chromatin-associated RNAs after chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown is unknown. SAF-A/hnRNPU is an abundant nuclear protein with RNA-to-DNA tethering activity, coordinated by two spatially distinct nucleic acid–binding domains. Here we show that RNA is evicted from prophase chromosomes through Aurora-B–dependent phosphorylation of the SAF-A DNA-binding domain; failure to execute this pathway leads to accumulation of SAF-A–RNA complexes on mitotic chromosomes, defects in metaphase chromosome alignment, and elevated rates of chromosome missegregation in anaphase. This work reveals a role for Aurora-B in removing chromatin-associated RNAs during prophase and demonstrates that Aurora-B–dependent relocalization of SAF-A during cell division contributes to the fidelity of chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Sharp
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos Perea-Resa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael D Blower
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Ong JY, Bradley MC, Torres JZ. Phospho-regulation of mitotic spindle assembly. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:558-578. [PMID: 33280275 PMCID: PMC7898546 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of the bipolar mitotic spindle requires the careful orchestration of a myriad of enzyme activities like protein posttranslational modifications. Among these, phosphorylation has arisen as the principle mode for spatially and temporally activating the proteins involved in early mitotic spindle assembly processes. Here, we review key kinases, phosphatases, and phosphorylation events that regulate critical aspects of these processes. We highlight key phosphorylation substrates that are important for ensuring the fidelity of centriole duplication, centrosome maturation, and the establishment of the bipolar spindle. We also highlight techniques used to understand kinase-substrate relationships and to study phosphorylation events. We conclude with perspectives on the field of posttranslational modifications in early mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge Z Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Adriaans IE, Hooikaas PJ, Aher A, Vromans MJ, van Es RM, Grigoriev I, Akhmanova A, Lens SM. MKLP2 Is a Motile Kinesin that Transports the Chromosomal Passenger Complex during Anaphase. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2628-2637.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Adriaans IE, Basant A, Ponsioen B, Glotzer M, Lens SM. PLK1 plays dual roles in centralspindlin regulation during cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1250-1264. [PMID: 30728176 PMCID: PMC6446842 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis begins upon anaphase onset. An early step involves local activation of the small GTPase RhoA, which triggers assembly of an actomyosin-based contractile ring at the equatorial cortex. Here, we delineated the contributions of PLK1 and Aurora B to RhoA activation and cytokinesis initiation in human cells. Knock-down of PRC1, which disrupts the spindle midzone, revealed the existence of two pathways that can initiate cleavage furrow ingression. One pathway depends on a well-organized spindle midzone and PLK1, while the other depends on Aurora B activity and centralspindlin at the equatorial cortex and can operate independently of PLK1. We further show that PLK1 inhibition sequesters centralspindlin onto the spindle midzone, making it unavailable for Aurora B at the equatorial cortex. We propose that PLK1 activity promotes the release of centralspindlin from the spindle midzone through inhibition of PRC1, allowing centralspindlin to function as a regulator of spindle midzone formation and as an activator of RhoA at the equatorial cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E. Adriaans
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Angika Basant
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bas Ponsioen
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Glotzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Susanne M.A. Lens
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Nishibuchi G, Machida S, Nakagawa R, Yoshimura Y, Hiragami-Hamada K, Abe Y, Kurumizaka H, Tagami H, Nakayama JI. Mitotic phosphorylation of HP1α regulates its cell cycle-dependent chromatin binding. J Biochem 2018; 165:433-446. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gohei Nishibuchi
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Machida
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yoshimura
- Division of Chromatin Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hiragami-Hamada
- Division of Chromatin Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tagami
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Chromatin Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
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13
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Baltussen LL, Rosianu F, Ultanir SK. Kinases in synaptic development and neurological diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:343-352. [PMID: 29241837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis and synapse development is essential for building a functioning nervous system, and defects in these processes are associated with neurological disorders. Our understanding of molecular components and signalling events that contribute to neuronal development and pathogenesis is limited. Genes associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases provide entry points for elucidating molecular events that contribute to these conditions. Several protein kinases, enzymes that regulate protein function by phosphorylating their substrates, are genetically linked to neurological disorders. Identifying substrates of these kinases is key to discovering their function and providing insight for possible therapies. In this review, we describe how various methods for kinase-substrate identification helped elucidate kinase signalling pathways important for neuronal development and function. We describe recent advances on roles of kinases TAOK2, TNIK and CDKL5 in neuronal development and the converging pathways of LRRK2, PINK1 and GAK in Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Baltussen
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Rosianu
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.
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14
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Caron D, Byrne DP, Thebault P, Soulet D, Landry CR, Eyers PA, Elowe S. Mitotic phosphotyrosine network analysis reveals that tyrosine phosphorylation regulates Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs14. [PMID: 27965426 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is closely associated with cell proliferation. During the cell cycle, serine and threonine phosphorylation plays the leading role, and such phosphorylation events are most dynamic during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. However, mitotic phosphotyrosine is not well characterized. Although a few functionally-relevant mitotic phosphotyrosine sites have been characterized, evidence suggests that this modification may be more prevalent than previously appreciated. Here, we examined tyrosine phosphorylation in mitotic human cells including those on spindle-associated proteins.? Database mining confirmed ~2000 mitotic phosphotyrosine sites, and network analysis revealed a number of subnetworks that were enriched in tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, including components of the kinetochore or spindle and SRC family kinases. We identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a major signaling hub in the spindle subnetwork, as phosphorylated at the conserved Tyr217 in the kinase domain. Substitution of Tyr217 with a phosphomimetic residue eliminated PLK1 activity in vitro and in cells. Further analysis showed that Tyr217 phosphorylation reduced the phosphorylation of Thr210 in the activation loop, a phosphorylation event necessary for PLK1 activity. Our data indicate that mitotic tyrosine phosphorylation regulated a key serine/threonine kinase hub in mitotic cells and suggested that spatially separating tyrosine phosphorylation events can reveal previously unrecognized regulatory events and complexes associated with specific structures of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Caron
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Philippe Thebault
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Department of Psychiatry et Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Department of Biology, PROTEO, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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15
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Takagi M, Sakamoto T, Suzuki R, Nemoto K, Obayashi T, Hirakawa T, Matsunaga TM, Kurihara D, Nariai Y, Urano T, Sawasaki T, Matsunaga S. Plant Aurora kinases interact with and phosphorylate transcription factors. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:1165-1178. [PMID: 27734173 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aurora kinase (AUR) is a well-known mitotic serine/threonine kinase that regulates centromere formation, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis in eukaryotes. In addition to regulating mitotic events, AUR has been shown to regulate protein dynamics during interphase in animal cells. In contrast, there has been no identification and characterization of substrates and/or interacting proteins during interphase in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes three AUR paralogues, AtAUR1, AtAUR2, and AtAUR3. Among them, AtAUR1 and AtAUR2 are considered to function redundantly. Here, we confirmed that both AtAUR1 and AtAUR3 are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm during interphase, suggesting that they have functions during interphase. To identify novel interacting proteins, we used AlphaScreen to target 580 transcription factors (TFs) that are mainly functional during interphase, using recombinant A. thaliana TFs and AtAUR1 or AtAUR3. We found 133 and 32 TFs had high potential for interaction with AtAUR1 and AtAUR3, respectively. The highly AtAUR-interacting TFs were involved in various biological processes, suggesting the functions of the AtAURs during interphase. We found that AtAUR1 and AtAUR3 showed similar interaction affinity to almost all TFs. However, in some cases, the interaction affinity differed substantially between the two AtAUR homologues. These results suggest that AtAUR1 and AtAUR3 have both redundant and distinct functions through interactions with TFs. In addition, database analysis revealed that most of the highly AtAUR-interacting TFs contained a detectable phosphopeptide that was consistent with the consensus motifs for human AURs, suggesting that these TFs are substrates of the AtAURs. The AtAURs phosphorylated several highly interacting TFs in the AlphaScreen in vitro. Overall, in line with the regulation of TFs through interaction, our results indicate the possibility of phosphoregulation of several TFs by the AtAURs (280/300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Takagi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Nemoto
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Obayashi
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8679, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Matsunaga
- Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuko Nariai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-8577, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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16
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Greenwood EJD, Matheson NJ, Wals K, van den Boomen DJH, Antrobus R, Williamson JC, Lehner PJ. Temporal proteomic analysis of HIV infection reveals remodelling of the host phosphoproteome by lentiviral Vif variants. eLife 2016; 5:e18296. [PMID: 27690223 PMCID: PMC5085607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses manipulate host factors to enhance their replication and evade cellular restriction. We used multiplex tandem mass tag (TMT)-based whole cell proteomics to perform a comprehensive time course analysis of >6500 viral and cellular proteins during HIV infection. To enable specific functional predictions, we categorized cellular proteins regulated by HIV according to their patterns of temporal expression. We focussed on proteins depleted with similar kinetics to APOBEC3C, and found the viral accessory protein Vif to be necessary and sufficient for CUL5-dependent proteasomal degradation of all members of the B56 family of regulatory subunits of the key cellular phosphatase PP2A (PPP2R5A-E). Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of HIV-infected cells confirmed Vif-dependent hyperphosphorylation of >200 cellular proteins, particularly substrates of the aurora kinases. The ability of Vif to target PPP2R5 subunits is found in primate and non-primate lentiviral lineages, and remodeling of the cellular phosphoproteome is therefore a second ancient and conserved Vif function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward JD Greenwood
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Wals
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dick JH van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James C Williamson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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17
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HP1-Assisted Aurora B Kinase Activity Prevents Chromosome Segregation Errors. Dev Cell 2016; 36:487-97. [PMID: 26954544 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Incorrect attachment of kinetochore microtubules is the leading cause of chromosome missegregation in cancers. The highly conserved chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), containing mitotic kinase Aurora B as a catalytic subunit, ensures faithful chromosome segregation through destabilizing incorrect microtubule attachments and promoting biorientation of chromosomes on the mitotic spindle. It is unknown whether CPC dysfunction affects chromosome segregation fidelity in cancers and, if so, how. Here, we show that heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is an essential CPC component required for full Aurora B activity. HP1 binding to the CPC becomes particularly important when Aurora B phosphorylates kinetochore targets to eliminate erroneous microtubule attachments. Remarkably, a reduced proportion of HP1 bound to CPC is widespread in cancers, which causes an impairment in Aurora B activity. These results indicate that HP1 is an essential modulator for CPC function and identify a molecular basis for chromosome segregation errors in cancer cells.
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18
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Late mitotic functions of Aurora kinases. Chromosoma 2016; 126:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Zitouni S, Francia ME, Leal F, Montenegro Gouveia S, Nabais C, Duarte P, Gilberto S, Brito D, Moyer T, Kandels-Lewis S, Ohta M, Kitagawa D, Holland AJ, Karsenti E, Lorca T, Lince-Faria M, Bettencourt-Dias M. CDK1 Prevents Unscheduled PLK4-STIL Complex Assembly in Centriole Biogenesis. Curr Biol 2016; 26:1127-37. [PMID: 27112295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are essential for the assembly of both centrosomes and cilia. Centriole biogenesis occurs once and only once per cell cycle and is temporally coordinated with cell-cycle progression, ensuring the formation of the right number of centrioles at the right time. The formation of new daughter centrioles is guided by a pre-existing, mother centriole. The proximity between mother and daughter centrioles was proposed to restrict new centriole formation until they separate beyond a critical distance. Paradoxically, mother and daughter centrioles overcome this distance in early mitosis, at a time when triggers for centriole biogenesis Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) and its substrate STIL are abundant. Here we show that in mitosis, the mitotic kinase CDK1-CyclinB binds STIL and prevents formation of the PLK4-STIL complex and STIL phosphorylation by PLK4, thus inhibiting untimely onset of centriole biogenesis. After CDK1-CyclinB inactivation upon mitotic exit, PLK4 can bind and phosphorylate STIL in G1, allowing pro-centriole assembly in the subsequent S phase. Our work shows that complementary mechanisms, such as mother-daughter centriole proximity and CDK1-CyclinB interaction with centriolar components, ensure that centriole biogenesis occurs once and only once per cell cycle, raising parallels to the cell-cycle regulation of DNA replication and centromere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Zitouni
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal.
| | - Maria E Francia
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Leal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | | | - Catarina Nabais
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Paulo Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Samuel Gilberto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Daniela Brito
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Tyler Moyer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steffi Kandels-Lewis
- Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Midori Ohta
- Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric Karsenti
- Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany; Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, 46 Rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Mariana Lince-Faria
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
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20
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Jensen BC, Booster N, Vidadala RSR, Maly DJ, Parsons M. A novel protein kinase is essential in bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:479-83. [PMID: 27018127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis a fatal disease for which no vaccines exist and treatment regimens are difficult. Here, we evaluate a Trypanosoma brucei protein kinase, AEK1, as a potential drug target. Conditional knockouts confirmed AEK1 essentiality in bloodstream forms. For chemical validation, we overcame the lack of AEK1 inhibitors by creating parasites expressing a single, functional analog-sensitive AEK1 allele. Analog treatment of mice infected with this strain delayed parasitemia and death, with one-third of animals showing no parasitemia. These studies validate AEK1 as a drug target and highlight the need for further understanding of its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Jensen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nick Booster
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Dustin J Maly
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marilyn Parsons
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Dept. of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Chromatin is the universal template of genetic information in all eukaryotic organisms. Chemical modifications of the DNA-packaging histone proteins and the DNA bases are crucial signaling events in directing the use and readout of eukaryotic genomes. The enzymes that install and remove these chromatin modifications as well as the proteins that bind these marks govern information that goes beyond the sequence of DNA. Therefore, these so-called epigenetic regulators are intensively studied and represent promising drug targets in modern medicine. We summarize and discuss recent advances in the field of chemical biology that have provided chromatin research with sophisticated tools for investigating the composition, activity, and target sites of chromatin modifying enzymes and reader proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Fischle
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Environmental Epigenetics Program, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty
Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.
4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Mitotic kinetochores are signaling network hubs that regulate chromosome movements, attachment error-correction, and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Key switches in these networks are kinases and phosphatases that enable rapid responses to changing conditions. Describing the mechanisms and dynamics of their localized activation and deactivation is therefore instrumental for understanding the spatiotemporal control of chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Schaffer BE, Levin RS, Hertz NT, Maures TJ, Schoof ML, Hollstein PE, Benayoun BA, Banko MR, Shaw RJ, Shokat KM, Brunet A. Identification of AMPK Phosphorylation Sites Reveals a Network of Proteins Involved in Cell Invasion and Facilitates Large-Scale Substrate Prediction. Cell Metab 2015; 22:907-21. [PMID: 26456332 PMCID: PMC4635044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central energy gauge that regulates metabolism and has been increasingly involved in non-metabolic processes and diseases. However, AMPK's direct substrates in non-metabolic contexts are largely unknown. To better understand the AMPK network, we use a chemical genetics screen coupled to a peptide capture approach in whole cells, resulting in identification of direct AMPK phosphorylation sites. Interestingly, the high-confidence AMPK substrates contain many proteins involved in cell motility, adhesion, and invasion. AMPK phosphorylation of the RHOA guanine nucleotide exchange factor NET1A inhibits extracellular matrix degradation, an early step in cell invasion. The identification of direct AMPK phosphorylation sites also facilitates large-scale prediction of AMPK substrates. We provide an AMPK motif matrix and a pipeline to predict additional AMPK substrates from quantitative phosphoproteomics datasets. As AMPK is emerging as a critical node in aging and pathological processes, our study identifies potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany E Schaffer
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca S Levin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Travis J Maures
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael L Schoof
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pablo E Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Max R Banko
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Krenn V, Musacchio A. The Aurora B Kinase in Chromosome Bi-Orientation and Spindle Checkpoint Signaling. Front Oncol 2015; 5:225. [PMID: 26528436 PMCID: PMC4607871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora B, a member of the Aurora family of serine/threonine protein kinases, is a key player in chromosome segregation. As part of a macromolecular complex known as the chromosome passenger complex, Aurora B concentrates early during mitosis in the proximity of centromeres and kinetochores, the sites of attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules. There, it contributes to a number of processes that impart fidelity to cell division, including kinetochore stabilization, kinetochore–microtubule attachment, and the regulation of a surveillance mechanism named the spindle assembly checkpoint. In the regulation of these processes, Aurora B is the fulcrum of a remarkably complex network of interactions that feed back on its localization and activation state. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of Aurora B during mitosis, focusing in particular on its role at centromeres and kinetochores. Many details of the network of interactions at these locations remain poorly understood, and we focus here on several crucial outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Krenn
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany ; Faculty of Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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25
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Abstract
The evolutionary conserved chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is essential for faithful transmission of the genome during cell division. Perturbation of this complex in cultured cells gives rise to chromosome segregation errors and cytokinesis failure and as a consequence the ploidy status of the next generation of cells is changed. Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability (CIN) is observed in many human cancers, but whether this may be caused by deregulation of the CPC is unknown. In the present review, we discuss if and how a dysfunctional CPC could contribute to CIN in cancer.
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26
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Madejón A, Sheldon J, Francisco-Recuero I, Perales C, Domínguez-Beato M, Lasa M, Sánchez-Perez I, Muntané J, Domingo E, García-Samaniego J, Sánchez-Pacheco A. Hepatitis C virus-mediated Aurora B kinase inhibition modulates inflammatory pathway and viral infectivity. J Hepatol 2015; 63:312-9. [PMID: 25733156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. DNA methylation and histone covalent modifications constitute crucial mechanisms of genomic instability in human disease, including liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present work studies the consequences of HCV-induced histone modifications in early stages of infection. METHODS Human primary hepatocytes and HuH7.5 cells were transiently transfected with the core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1a, 1b, and 2a. Infectious genotype 2a HCV in culture was also used. RESULTS We show that HCV and core protein inhibit the phosphorylation of Serine 10 in histone 3. The inhibition is due to the direct interaction between HCV core and Aurora B kinase (AURKB) that results in a decrease of AURKB activity. HCV and core significantly downregulate NF-κB and COX-2 transcription, two proteins with anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects implicated in the control of the inflammatory response. AURKB depletion reduced HCV and core repression of NF-κB and COX-2 gene transcription and AURKB overexpression reversed the viral effect. AURKB abrogation increased HCV specific infectivity which was decreased when AURKB was overexpressed. CONCLUSIONS The core-mediated decrease of AURKB activity may play a role in the inflammatory pathway during the initial steps of viral infection, while ensuring HCV infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Madejón
- Hepatology Unit Hospital Universitario La Paz/Carlos III, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "La Paz", Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Sheldon
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Francisco-Recuero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Perales
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariela Domínguez-Beato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez-Perez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Oncology Surgery, Cell Therapy and Transplant Organs, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)-Virgen del Rocio Universitary Hospital (CSIC), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Esteban Domingo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Samaniego
- Hepatology Unit Hospital Universitario La Paz/Carlos III, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "La Paz", Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Sánchez-Pacheco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Proteomics beyond large-scale protein expression analysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 34:162-70. [PMID: 25636126 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is commonly referred to as the application of high-throughput approaches to protein expression analysis. Typical results of proteomics studies are inventories of the protein content of a sample or lists of differentially expressed proteins across multiple conditions. Recently, however, an explosion of novel proteomics workflows has significantly expanded proteomics beyond the analysis of protein expression. Targeted proteomics methods, for example, enable the analysis of the fine dynamics of protein systems, such as a specific pathway or a network of interacting proteins, and the determination of protein complex stoichiometries. Structural proteomics tools allow extraction of restraints for structural modeling and identification of structurally altered proteins on a proteome-wide scale. Other variations of the proteomic workflow can be applied to the large-scale analysis of protein activity, location, degradation and turnover. These exciting developments provide new tools for multi-level 'omics' analysis and for the modeling of biological networks in the context of systems biology studies.
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28
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Ultanir SK, Yadav S, Hertz NT, Oses-Prieto JA, Claxton S, Burlingame AL, Shokat KM, Jan LY, Jan YN. MST3 kinase phosphorylates TAO1/2 to enable Myosin Va function in promoting spine synapse development. Neuron 2014; 84:968-82. [PMID: 25456499 PMCID: PMC4407996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian Sterile 20 (Ste20)-like kinase 3 (MST3) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase capable of enhancing axon outgrowth. Whether and how MST3 kinase signaling might regulate development of dendritic filopodia and spine synapses is unknown. Through shRNA-mediated depletion of MST3 and kinase-dead MST3 expression in developing hippocampal cultures, we found that MST3 is necessary for proper filopodia, dendritic spine, and excitatory synapse development. Knockdown of MST3 in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons via in utero electroporation also reduced spine density in vivo. Using chemical genetics, we discovered thirteen candidate MST3 substrates and identified the phosphorylation sites. Among the identified MST3 substrates, TAO kinases regulate dendritic filopodia and spine development, similar to MST3. Furthermore, using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in culture (SILAC), we show that phosphorylated TAO1/2 associates with Myosin Va and is necessary for its dendritic localization, thus revealing a mechanism for excitatory synapse development in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sila K Ultanir
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
| | - Smita Yadav
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Suzanne Claxton
- Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lily Y Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuh-Nung Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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29
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Abstract
![]()
The
applicability of gel-based proteomic strategies in phosphoproteomics
has been largely limited by the lack of technologies for specific
detection of phosphoproteins in gels. Here for the first time we report
a strategy for simultaneous visualization and identification of phosphoproteome
in gels (VIPing) through coupling specific detection of phosphoproteins
with protein identification and phosphorylation site mapping by tandem
mass spectrometry. The core of the strategy is a novel compound multifunctionalized
with a titanium ion(IV) for outstanding selectivity toward phosphorylated
residues, a fluorophore for visualization, and a biotin group for
phosphopeptide enrichment. The sensitivity and specificity of the
VIPing strategy was demonstrated using standard protein mixtures and
complex cell extracts, and the method was applied to study the phosphorylation
changes of an essential tyrosine kinase Syk and interacting proteins
upon B-cell stimulation. The novel technique provides a powerful platform
for gel-based phosphoproteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, and §Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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30
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Chakraborty A, Prasanth SG. Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle of HP1α governs accurate mitotic progression. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1663-70. [PMID: 24786771 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α), a bona fide factor of silent chromatin, is required for establishing as well as maintaining the higher-order chromatin structure in eukaryotes. HP1α is decorated with several post-translational modifications, and many of these are critical for its cellular functions. HP1α is heavily phosphorylated; however, its physiological relevance had remained to be completely understood. We have recently demonstrated that human HP1α is a mitotic target for NDR kinase, and the phosphorylation at the hinge region of HP1α at the G 2/M phase of the cell cycle is crucial for mitotic progression and Sgo1 loading at mitotic centromeres (Chakraborty et al., 2014). We now demonstrate that the dephosphorylation of HP1α within its hinge domain occurs during mitosis, specifically soon after prometaphase. In the absence of the hinge-specific HP1α phosphorylation, either as a consequence of depleting NDR1 or in cells expressing a non-phosphorylatable HP1α mutant, the cells arrest in prometaphase with several mitotic defects. In this study we show that NDR1-depleted cells expressing hinge-specific phosphomimetic HP1α mutant rescues the prometaphase arrest but displays defects in mitotic exit, suggesting that the dephosphorylation of HP1α is required for the completion of cytokinesis. Taken together, our results reveal that the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle of HP1α orchestrates accurate progression of cells through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL USA
| | - Supriya G Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL USA
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31
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Selective disruption of aurora C kinase reveals distinct functions from aurora B kinase during meiosis in mouse oocytes. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004194. [PMID: 24586209 PMCID: PMC3937256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora B kinase (AURKB) is the catalytic subunit of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), an essential regulator of chromosome segregation. In mitosis, the CPC is required to regulate kinetochore microtubule (K-MT) attachments, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Germ cells express an AURKB homolog, AURKC, which can also function in the CPC. Separation of AURKB and AURKC function during meiosis in oocytes by conventional approaches has not been successful. Therefore, the meiotic function of AURKC is still not fully understood. Here, we describe an ATP-binding-pocket-AURKC mutant, that when expressed in mouse oocytes specifically perturbs AURKC-CPC and not AURKB-CPC function. Using this mutant we show for the first time that AURKC has functions that do not overlap with AURKB. These functions include regulating localized CPC activity and regulating chromosome alignment and K-MT attachments at metaphase of meiosis I (Met I). We find that AURKC-CPC is not the sole CPC complex that regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint in meiosis, and as a result most AURKC-perturbed oocytes arrest at Met I. A small subset of oocytes do proceed through cytokinesis normally, suggesting that AURKC-CPC is not the sole CPC complex during telophase I. But, the resulting eggs are aneuploid, indicating that AURKC is a critical regulator of meiotic chromosome segregation in female gametes. Taken together, these data suggest that mammalian oocytes contain AURKC to efficiently execute meiosis I and ensure high-quality eggs necessary for sexual reproduction.
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Ghenoiu C, Wheelock MS, Funabiki H. Autoinhibition and Polo-dependent multisite phosphorylation restrict activity of the histone H3 kinase Haspin to mitosis. Mol Cell 2013; 52:734-45. [PMID: 24184212 PMCID: PMC3865225 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 (H3T3ph) plays an important role in chromosome segregation by recruiting Aurora B. H3T3 phosphorylation is catalyzed by Haspin, an atypical protein kinase whose kinase domain is intrinsically active without phosphorylation at the activation loop. Here, we report the molecular basis for Haspin inhibition during interphase and its reactivation in M phase. We identify a conserved basic segment that autoinhibits Haspin during interphase. This autoinhibition is neutralized when Cdk1 phosphorylates the N terminus of Haspin in order to recruit Polo-like kinase (Plk1/Plx1), which, in turn, further phosphorylates multiple sites at the Haspin N terminus. Although Plx1, and not Aurora B, is critical for H3T3 phosphorylation in Xenopus egg extracts, Plk1 and Aurora B both promote this modification in human cells. Thus, M phase-specific H3T3 phosphorylation is governed by the combinatorial action of mitotic kinases that neutralizes Haspin autoinhibition through a mechanism dependent on multisite phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ghenoiu
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael S Wheelock
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hironori Funabiki
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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33
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Hertz NT, Berthet A, Sos ML, Thorn KS, Burlingame AL, Nakamura K, Shokat KM. A neo-substrate that amplifies catalytic activity of parkinson's-disease-related kinase PINK1. Cell 2013; 154:737-47. [PMID: 23953109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 that reduce kinase activity are associated with mitochondrial defects and result in an autosomal-recessive form of early-onset PD. Therapeutic approaches for enhancing the activity of PINK1 have not been considered because no allosteric regulatory sites for PINK1 are known. Here, we show that an alternative strategy, a neo-substrate approach involving the ATP analog kinetin triphosphate (KTP), can be used to increase the activity of both PD-related mutant PINK1(G309D) and PINK1(WT). Moreover, we show that application of the KTP precursor kinetin to cells results in biologically significant increases in PINK1 activity, manifest as higher levels of Parkin recruitment to depolarized mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial motility in axons, and lower levels of apoptosis. Discovery of neo-substrates for kinases could provide a heretofore-unappreciated modality for regulating kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Hertz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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34
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Gyenis L, Turowec JP, Bretner M, Litchfield DW. Chemical proteomics and functional proteomics strategies for protein kinase inhibitor validation and protein kinase substrate identification: applications to protein kinase CK2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1352-8. [PMID: 23416530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since protein kinases have been implicated in numerous human diseases, kinase inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic agents. Despite this promise, there has been a relative lag in the development of unbiased strategies to validate both inhibitor specificity and the ability to inhibit target activity within living cells. To overcome these limitations, our efforts have been focused on the development of systematic strategies that employ chemical and functional proteomics. We utilized these strategies to evaluate small molecule inhibitors of protein kinase CK2, a constitutively active kinase that has recently emerged as target for anti-cancer therapy in clinical trials. Our chemical proteomics strategies used ATP or CK2 inhibitors immobilized on sepharose beads together with mass spectrometry to capture and identify binding partners from cell extracts. These studies have verified that interactions between CK2 and its inhibitors occur in complex mixtures. However, in the case of CK2 inhibitors related to 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzotriazole (TBB), our work has also revealed off-targets for the inhibitors. To complement these studies, we devised functional proteomics approaches to identify proteins that exhibit decreases in phosphorylation when cells are treated with CK2 inhibitors. To identify and validate those proteins that are direct substrates for CK2, we have also employed mutants of CK2 with decreased inhibitor sensitivity. Overall, our studies have yielded systematic platforms for studying CK2 inhibitors which we believe will foster efforts to define the biological functions of CK2 and to rigorously investigate its potential as a candidate for molecular-targeted therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Inhibitors of Protein Kinases (2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Gyenis
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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35
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The final link: tapping the power of chemical genetics to connect the molecular and biologic functions of mitotic protein kinases. Molecules 2012; 17:12172-86. [PMID: 23075814 PMCID: PMC3620603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171012172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, protein kinases coordinate cellular reorganization and chromosome segregation to ensure accurate distribution of genetic information into daughter cells. Multiple protein kinases contribute to mitotic regulation, modulating molecular signaling more rapidly than possible with gene expression. However, a comprehensive understanding of how kinases regulate mitotic progression remains elusive. The challenge arises from multiple functions and substrates, a large number of “bystander” phosphorylation events, and the brief window in which all mitotic events transpire. Analog-sensitive alleles of protein kinases are powerful chemical genetic tools for rapid and specific interrogation of kinase function. Moreover, combining these tools with advanced proteomics and substrate labeling has identified phosphorylation sites on numerous protein targets. Here, we review the chemical genetic tools available to study kinase function and identify substrates. We describe how chemical genetics can also be used to link kinase function with cognate phosphorylation events to provide mechanistic detail. This can be accomplished by dissecting subsets of kinase functions and chemical genetic complementation. We believe a complete “chemical genetic toolbox” will ultimately allow a comprehensive understanding of how protein kinases regulate mitosis.
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36
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Connecting up and clearing out: how kinetochore attachment silences the spindle assembly checkpoint. Chromosoma 2012; 121:509-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-012-0378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Carlson SM, White FM. Expanding applications of chemical genetics in signal transduction. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1903-9. [PMID: 22544320 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical genetics represents an expanding collection of techniques applied to a variety of signaling processes. These techniques use a combination of chemical reporters and protein engineering to identify targets of a signaling enzyme in a global and non-directed manner without resorting to hypothesis-driven candidate approaches. In the last year, chemical genetics has been applied to a variety of kinases, revealing a much broader spectrum of substrates than had been appreciated. Here, we discuss recent developments in chemical genetics, including insights from our own proteomic screen for substrates of the kinase ERK2. These studies have revealed that many kinases have overlapping substrate specificity, and they often target several proteins in any particular downstream pathway. It remains to be determined whether this configuration exists to provide redundant control, or whether each target contributes a fraction of the total regulatory effect. From a general perspective, chemical genetics is applicable in principle to a broad range of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), most notably methylation and acetylation, although many challenges remain in implementing this approach. Recent developments in chemical reporters and protein engineering suggest that chemical genetics will soon be a powerful tool for mapping signal transduction through these and other PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Carlson
- Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, USA
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38
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van der Waal MS, Hengeveld RCC, van der Horst A, Lens SMA. Cell division control by the Chromosomal Passenger Complex. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1407-20. [PMID: 22472345 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) consisting of Aurora B kinase, INCENP, Survivin and Borealin, is essential for genomic stability by controlling multiple processes during both nuclear and cytoplasmic division. In mitosis it ensures accurate segregation of the duplicated chromosomes by regulating the mitotic checkpoint, destabilizing incorrectly attached spindle microtubules and by promoting the axial shortening of chromosomal arms in anaphase. During cytokinesis the CPC most likely prevents chromosome damage by imposing an abscission delay when a chromosome bridge connects the two daughter cells. Moreover, by controlling proper cytoplasmic division, the CPC averts tetraploidization. This review describes recent insights on how the CPC is capable of conducting its various functions in the dividing cell to ensure chromosomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike S van der Waal
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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