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Wei Y, Zhang S, Shao F, Sun Y. Ankylosing spondylitis: From pathogenesis to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 145:113709. [PMID: 39644789 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease that primarily affects the axial joints, with its etiology complex and still not fully understood. The unknown pathogenesis of AS limits the development of treatment strategies, so keeping up-to-date with the current research on AS can help in searching for potential therapeutic targets. In addition to the classic HLA-B27 genetic susceptibility and Th17-related inflammatory signals, increasing research is focusing on the influence of autoantigen-centered autoimmune responses and bone stromal cells on the onset of AS. Autoantigens derived from gut microbiota and preferential TCR both exacerbate the autoimmune response in patients with AS. Furthermore, dysregulated bone metabolism also promotes pathological new bone formation in AS. Current treatments approved for AS almost focus on the management of inflammation with inconsistent treatment results due to the heterogeneity of patients. In this review, we systematically summarized various pathogenesis and management of AS, meanwhile discussed the underlying risk factors and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fenli Shao
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Li X, Bao J, Ai L, Yang F, Yu B, Huang Y, Li N, Ding W, Sun Z, Lv X, Han J. ERAP1 Gene Variants and Haplotypes Associated With Psoriasis Vulgaris of Han Chinese in Inner Mongolia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e70021. [PMID: 39570751 PMCID: PMC11580752 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.70021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of ERAP1 (OMIM: 606832) and psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) susceptibility in Inner Mongolia Han nationality. METHODS For primary screening, the subjects included 142 PsV cases and 100 healthy controls without psoriasis. The 27 exons of ERAP1 gene were sequenced to screen significant genetic variants. For the validation study, the subjects included 1030 PsV cases and 965 healthy controls. A total of 18 mutations were detected for genetic variants of significance in primary screening and previously reported genetic variants. RESULTS In primary screening stage, 13 genetic variants of ERAP1 showed an association with psoriasis. A total of 18 genetic variants were typed for the validation, and 12 genetic variants were associated with PsV in Inner Mongolia Han population. Stratified analysis showed significant differences in the allele frequencies of 8 ERAP1 genetic variants in cases with positive family history, and significant differences in allele frequencies among 9 ERAP1 genetic variants in patients with negative family history. A risk haplotype (TCCCTCCAGACC) was significantly associated with PsV, and the most risk haplotype was E730/K528/R127/E56. CONCLUSION ERAP1 gene mutation may be associated with PsV and HLA-C*06:02 in Han nationality in Inner Mongolia. A risk haplotype of four-nonsynonymous mutation (E730/K528/R127/E56) is associated with PsV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Jia Bao
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Liya Ai
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Fan‐Rui Yang
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Huang
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Wen‐Yuan Ding
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Sun
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Xin‐Xiang Lv
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Jian‐Wen Han
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
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Weisbrod L, Capriotti L, Hofmann M, Spieler V, Dersch H, Voedisch B, Schmidt P, Knake S. FASTMAP-a flexible and scalable immunopeptidomics pipeline for HLA- and antigen-specific T-cell epitope mapping based on artificial antigen-presenting cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386160. [PMID: 38779658 PMCID: PMC11109385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of peptide repertoires presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and the identification of potential T-cell epitopes contribute to a multitude of immunopeptidome-based treatment approaches. Epitope mapping is essential for the development of promising epitope-based approaches in vaccination as well as for innovative therapeutics for autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. It also plays a critical role in the immunogenicity assessment of protein therapeutics with regard to safety and efficacy concerns. The main challenge emerges from the highly polymorphic nature of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules leading to the requirement of a peptide mapping strategy for a single HLA allele. As many autoimmune diseases are linked to at least one specific antigen, we established FASTMAP, an innovative strategy to transiently co-transfect a single HLA allele combined with a disease-specific antigen into a human cell line. This approach allows the specific identification of HLA-bound peptides using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using FASTMAP, we found a comparable spectrum of endogenous peptides presented by the most frequently expressed HLA alleles in the world's population compared to what has been described in literature. To ensure a reliable peptide mapping workflow, we combined the HLA alleles with well-known human model antigens like coagulation factor VIII, acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha, protein structures of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and myelin basic protein. Using these model antigens, we have been able to identify a broad range of peptides that are in line with already published and in silico predicted T-cell epitopes of the specific HLA/model antigen combination. The transient co-expression of a single affinity-tagged MHC molecule combined with a disease-specific antigen in a human cell line in our FASTMAP pipeline provides the opportunity to identify potential T-cell epitopes/endogenously processed MHC-bound peptides in a very cost-effective, fast, and customizable system with high-throughput potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Weisbrod
- Recombinant Protein Discovery, CSL Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Luigi Capriotti
- Analytical Biochemistry, Research and Development, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Hofmann
- Recombinant Protein Discovery, CSL Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Spieler
- Recombinant Protein Discovery, CSL Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Dersch
- Recombinant Protein Discovery, CSL Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Voedisch
- Recombinant Protein Discovery, CSL Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Protein Biochemistry, Bio21 Institute, CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susanne Knake
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Stern LJ, Clement C, Galluzzi L, Santambrogio L. Non-mutational neoantigens in disease. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:29-40. [PMID: 38168954 PMCID: PMC11075006 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of mammals to mount adaptive immune responses culminating with the establishment of immunological memory is predicated on the ability of the mature T cell repertoire to recognize antigenic peptides presented by syngeneic MHC class I and II molecules. Although it is widely believed that mature T cells are highly skewed towards the recognition of antigenic peptides originating from genetically diverse (for example, foreign or mutated) protein-coding regions, preclinical and clinical data rather demonstrate that novel antigenic determinants efficiently recognized by mature T cells can emerge from a variety of non-mutational mechanisms. In this Review, we describe various mechanisms that underlie the formation of bona fide non-mutational neoantigens, such as epitope mimicry, upregulation of cryptic epitopes, usage of non-canonical initiation codons, alternative RNA splicing, and defective ribosomal RNA processing, as well as both enzymatic and non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications. Moreover, we discuss the implications of the immune recognition of non-mutational neoantigens for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Clement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Gelfman S, Moscati A, Huergo SM, Wang R, Rajagopal V, Parikshak N, Pounraja VK, Chen E, Leblanc M, Hazlewood R, Freudenberg J, Cooper B, Ligocki AJ, Miller CG, Van Zyl T, Weyne J, Romano C, Sagdullaev B, Melander O, Baras A, Stahl EA, Coppola G. A large meta-analysis identifies genes associated with anterior uveitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7300. [PMID: 37949852 PMCID: PMC10638276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior Uveitis (AU) is the inflammation of the anterior part of the eye, the iris and ciliary body and is strongly associated with HLA-B*27. We report AU exome sequencing results from eight independent cohorts consisting of 3,850 cases and 916,549 controls. We identify common genome-wide significant loci in HLA-B (OR = 3.37, p = 1.03e-196) and ERAP1 (OR = 0.86, p = 1.1e-08), and find IPMK (OR = 9.4, p = 4.42e-09) and IDO2 (OR = 3.61, p = 6.16e-08) as genome-wide significant genes based on the burden of rare coding variants. Dividing the cohort into HLA-B*27 positive and negative individuals, we find ERAP1 haplotype is strongly protective only for B*27-positive AU (OR = 0.73, p = 5.2e-10). Investigation of B*27-negative AU identifies a common signal near HLA-DPB1 (rs3117230, OR = 1.26, p = 2.7e-08), risk genes IPMK and IDO2, and several additional candidate risk genes, including ADGFR5, STXBP2, and ACHE. Taken together, we decipher the genetics underlying B*27-positive and -negative AU and identify rare and common genetic signals for both subtypes of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Gelfman
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Arden Moscati
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | | | - Rujin Wang
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Veera Rajagopal
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Neelroop Parikshak
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar Pounraja
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Esteban Chen
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Michelle Leblanc
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Ralph Hazlewood
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Blerta Cooper
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Ann J Ligocki
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Charles G Miller
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Tavé Van Zyl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jonathan Weyne
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Carmelo Romano
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Botir Sagdullaev
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 221 00, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
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Martín-Esteban A, Rodriguez JC, Peske D, Lopez de Castro JA, Shastri N, Sadegh-Nasseri S. The ER Aminopeptidases, ERAP1 and ERAP2, synergize to self-modulate their respective activities. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1066483. [PMID: 36569828 PMCID: PMC9774488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Critical steps in Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In general, peptides that enter the ER are longer than the optimal length for MHC-I binding. The final trimming of MHC-I epitopes is performed by two related aminopeptidases, ERAP1 and ERAP2 in humans that possess unique and complementary substrate trimming specificities. While ERAP1 efficiently trims peptides longer than 9 residues, ERAP2 preferentially trims peptides shorter than 9 residues. Materials and Methods Using a combination of biochemical and proteomic studies followed by biological verification. Results We demonstrate that the optimal ligands for either enzyme act as inhibitors of the other enzyme. Specifically, the presence of octamers reduced the trimming of long peptides by ERAP1, while peptides longer than nonomers inhibit ERAP2 activity. Discussion We propose a mechanism for how ERAP1 and ERAP2 synergize to modulate their respective activities and shape the MHC-I peptidome by generating optimal peptides for presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Martín-Esteban
- Department of Pathology, Immunopathology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Scheherazade Sadegh-Nasseri, ; Adrian Martín-Esteban,
| | - Jesus Contreras Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Immunopathology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Peske
- Department of Pathology, Immunopathology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Immunopathology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Scheherazade Sadegh-Nasseri
- Department of Pathology, Immunopathology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Scheherazade Sadegh-Nasseri, ; Adrian Martín-Esteban,
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Wang CM, Liu MK, Jan Wu YJ, Lin JC, Zheng JW, Wu J, Chen JY. Functional ERAP1 Variants Distinctively Associate with Ankylosing Spondylitis Susceptibility under the Influence of HLA-B27 in Taiwanese. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152427. [PMID: 35954271 PMCID: PMC9368314 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epistasis of ERAP1 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and HLA-B27 has been linked to ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility (AS). The current study examined how prevalent ERAP1 allelic variants (SNV haplotypes) in Taiwan affect ERAP1 functions and AS susceptibility in the presence or absence of HLA-B27. Sanger sequencing was used to discover all ERAP1 coding SNVs and common allelic variants in Taiwanese full-length cDNAs from 45 human patients. For the genetic association investigation, TaqMan genotyping assays were utilized to establish the genotypes of ERAP1 SNVs in 863 AS patients and 1438 healthy controls. Ex vivo biological analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from homozygous donors of two common-risk ERAP1 allelic variants was performed. Two common-risk ERAP1 allelic variants were also cloned and functionally studied. In Taiwanese, eleven frequent ERAP1 SNVs and six major ERAP1 allelic variants were discovered. We discovered that in Taiwanese, the most prevalent ERAP1-001 variant with 56E, 127R, 276I, 349M, 528K, 575D, 725R, and 730Q interacting with HLA-B27 significantly contributed to the development of AS. In HLA-B27 negative group, however, the second most prevalent ERAP1-002 variant with 56E, 127P, 276M, 349M, 528R, 575D, 725R, and 730E was substantially related with an increased risk of AS. Ex vivo and in vitro research demonstrated that ERAP1 allelic variants have a significant impact on ERAP1 functions, suggesting that ERAP1 plays a role in the development of AS. In an HLA-B27-dependent manner, common ERAP1 allelic variants are related with AS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wen Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 2410); Fax: +886-3-3288287
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Hensen L, Illing PT, Rowntree LC, Davies J, Miller A, Tong SYC, Habel JR, van de Sandt CE, Flanagan K, Purcell AW, Kedzierska K, Clemens EB. T Cell Epitope Discovery in the Context of Distinct and Unique Indigenous HLA Profiles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812393. [PMID: 35603215 PMCID: PMC9121770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are a pivotal part of the immune response to viruses, playing a key role in disease outcome and providing long-lasting immunity to conserved pathogen epitopes. Understanding CD8+ T cell immunity in humans is complex due to CD8+ T cell restriction by highly polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) proteins, requiring T cell epitopes to be defined for different HLA allotypes across different ethnicities. Here we evaluate strategies that have been developed to facilitate epitope identification and study immunogenic T cell responses. We describe an immunopeptidomics approach to sequence HLA-bound peptides presented on virus-infected cells by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using antigen presenting cell lines that stably express the HLA alleles characteristic of Indigenous Australians, this approach has been successfully used to comprehensively identify influenza-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes restricted by HLA allotypes predominant in Indigenous Australians, including HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-A*11:01. This is an essential step in ensuring high vaccine coverage and efficacy in Indigenous populations globally, known to be at high risk from influenza disease and other respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia T. Illing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C. Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Adrian Miller
- Indigenous Engagement, CQUniversity, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven Y. C. Tong
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E. van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - E. Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Martínez-Nava GA, Zamudio-Cuevas Y, Terrazas-Ontiveros NA, Martínez-Flores K, Espinosa-Morales R, Mijares-Díaz F, Juárez-Barreto SM, Lozada-Pérez C, Valdés-Flores M, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Fernández-Torres J. A proposed HLA-B*27 screening method for ankylosing spondylitis detection based on tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms: a preliminary study. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7819-7829. [PMID: 34643924 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects primarily the spine. There is a strong association of the HLA-B*27 allele with AS pathogenesis, but recent studies have demonstrated the participation of ERAP1 gene in the genetic susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine whether HLA-B tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ERAP1-related genetic variations associated with AS have equal or similarly performance in patients´ screening compared to HLA-B*27 standard genotyping in Mexican population. METHODS AND RESULTS Genomic DNA from patients with AS and population-based controls from Mexico City was analyzed for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs4349859, rs13202464, rs116488202, tagging HLA-B*27; and rs30187 and rs27044 in ERAP1 gene. TaqMan genotype assay method was used for SNPs genotyping. We found a significant association between AS and the heterozygote genotypes and minor alleles of the HLA-B*27 tag-SNPs, as well as for their haplotypes. With respect to ERAP1 polymorphisms, no significant associations were observed (p > 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity analysis showed values of 0.96 and 1.00 for the rs4349859 SNP, and 0.96 and 0.94 for the rs116488202 SNP, respectively, in detecting HLA-B*27 compared to the B27 test as the gold standard. CONCLUSIONS HLA-B*27 tag-SNPs are associated with AS susceptibility; furthermore, the rs4349859 SNP by its own have an outstanding performance in detecting HLA-B*27 and therefore can be proposed as screening marker in the identification of HLA-B*27 in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Espinosa-Morales
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Mijares-Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Lozada-Pérez
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Valdés-Flores
- Genetics Service, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Genetics Service, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Fernández-Torres
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico. .,Biology Department, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Vidal-Castiñeira JR, López-Vázquez A, Diaz-Bulnes P, Díaz-Coto S, Márquez-Kisinousky L, Martínez-Borra J, Navascues CA, Sanz-Cameno P, de la Vega J, Astudillo A, Rodríguez M, López-Larrea C. Genetic contribution of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 polymorphisms to liver fibrosis progression in patients with HCV infection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1245-1254. [PMID: 32647953 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase ERAP1 regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, trimming peptides and loading onto HLA class I molecules. Coding single nucleotide polymorphisms within ERAP1 are associated with autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and cancer development. Our purpose was to analyze the influence of ERAP1 variants on fibrogenesis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. A range of ERAP1 polymorphisms were genotyped in 722 unrelated Caucasian patients diagnosed with chronic HCV from two Spanish cohorts. Patients were classified according to their fibrosis stage. Paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays were constructed to assess ERAP1 expression (HCV = 38; alcoholic = 20) by immunohistochemistry. A statistical algorithm was applied to derive a fibrogenesis prediction model. The ERAP1 variants rs30187/T (K528, pc < 0.001) and rs27044/G (Q730, pc < 0.001) were related with severe fibrosis. These results were validated in the two independent cohorts. Furthermore, patients with the rs30187/T allele had stronger ERAP1 protein expression than those with the rs30187/C (p < 0.05). The statistical model showed that patients with rs30187 C/T and T/T genotypes took 15.58 years (median) to develop advanced fibrosis, but this value was 32.08 years in patients carrying C/C genotype (p < 0.005). ERAP1 variants may influence the clinical course of fibrogenesis in HCV-infected patients. These polymorphisms could be exploited as constitutive new markers of fibrosis evolution. The results highlight the possibility of using modulators of ERAP1 to generate a protective immune response against chronic HCV infection. KEY MESSAGES: What is known Several ERAP1 polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune diseases and cancer. ERAP1 trims peptides to HLA class I presentation. What is new here ERAP1 polymorphisms are associated with fibrogenesis. The ERAP1 polymorphisms genotype could help us in clinical management of patients. Potential translational impact The use of modulators of ERAP1 could generate a protective response depending on SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramón Vidal-Castiñeira
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Vázquez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Diaz-Bulnes
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Leonardo Márquez-Kisinousky
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Borra
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen A Navascues
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz-Cameno
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de la Vega
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. .,Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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11
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Lorente E, Fontela MG, Barnea E, Martín-Galiano AJ, Mir C, Galocha B, Admon A, Lauzurica P, López D. Modulation of Natural HLA-B*27:05 Ligandome by Ankylosing Spondylitis-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2). Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:994-1004. [PMID: 32265295 PMCID: PMC7261815 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HLA-B*27:05 allele and the endoplasmic reticulum-resident aminopeptidases are strongly associated with AS, a chronic inflammatory spondyloarthropathy. This study examined the effect of ERAP2 in the generation of the natural HLA-B*27:05 ligandome in live cells. Complexes of HLA-B*27:05-bound peptide pools were isolated from human ERAP2-edited cell clones, and the peptides were identified using high-throughput mass spectrometry analyses. The relative abundance of a thousand ligands was established by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. The residue frequencies at different peptide position, identified in the presence or absence of ERAP2, determined structural features of ligands and their interactions with specific pockets of the antigen-binding site of the HLA-B*27:05 molecule. Sequence alignment of ligands identified with species of bacteria associated with HLA-B*27-dependent reactive arthritis was performed. In the absence of ERAP2, peptides with N-terminal basic residues and minority canonical P2 residues are enriched in the natural ligandome. Further, alterations of residue frequencies and hydrophobicity profile at P3, P7, and PΩ positions were detected. In addition, several ERAP2-dependent cellular peptides were highly similar to protein sequences of arthritogenic bacteria, including one human HLA-B*27:05 ligand fully conserved in a protein from Campylobacter jejuni These findings highlight the pathogenic role of this aminopeptidase in the triggering of AS autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Miguel G Fontela
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Carmen Mir
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Begoña Galocha
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Pilar Lauzurica
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
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12
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Ebrazeh M, Nojavan M, Abdi-Shayan S, Salimifard S, Dolatshahi E, Aslani S, Hemmatzadeh M, Babaie F, Ghanavatinejad A, Azizi G, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Zamani N, Mohammadi H. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in association with susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in an Iranian population. Immunol Lett 2020; 223:97-105. [PMID: 32360304 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, in which genetic polymorphisms are critically important in establishing inflammatory state. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) 2 gene has been implied to be involved in AS etiopathogenesis. The current study evaluated the association of ERAP2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to AS in an Iranian population. METHODS Two hundred and forty AS patients and 240 healthy individuals were recruited. DNA extraction was performed from whole blood samples and RNA content was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Real-time allelic discrimination approach was exerted to genotype all subjects for rs2910686, rs2248374, and rs2549782 SNPs. After cDNA synthesis, mRNA expression of cytokines was determined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was exerted to evaluate the cytokine levels in serum of participants. RESULTS None of the SNPs were associated with AS risk in the whole population. However, allele and heterozygote genotype of rs2910686 SNP were associated significantly with higher risk of AS in Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positive group. mRNA expression and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was increased in AS patients compared with controls. Nonetheless, mRNA expression and serum levels of cytokines was not significantly different among HLA-B27 positive AS patients with different three genotypes for rs2910686 SNP. CONCLUSIONS AlthoughERAP2 gene rs2910686 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of AS susceptibility, it might not be involved in regulation of the inflammatory cytokines during AS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ebrazeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nojavan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Alfa Medical Laboratory, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Abdi-Shayan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Salimifard
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Dolatshahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Zamani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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13
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Babaie F, Hosseinzadeh R, Ebrazeh M, Seyfizadeh N, Aslani S, Salimi S, Hemmatzadeh M, Azizi G, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H. The roles of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in autoimmunity and cancer immunity: New insights and perspective. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:7-19. [PMID: 32135401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity and cancer affect millions worldwide and both, in principal, result from dysregulated immune responses. There are many well-known molecules involved in immunological process playing as a double-edged sword, by which associating autoimmune diseases and cancer. In this regard, Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1, which belongs to the M1 family of aminopeptidases, plays a central role as a "molecular ruler", proteolyzing of N-terminal of the antigenic peptides before their loading onto HLA-I molecules for antigen presentation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) highlighted the significance of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in autoimmune diseases, including Ankylosing spondylitis, Psoriasis, Bechet's disease, and Birdshot chorioretinopathy, as well as in cancers. The expression of ERAP1/2 is mostly altered in different cancers compared to normal cells, but how this affects anti-cancer immune responses and cancer growth has been little explored. Recent studies on the immunological outcomes and the catalytic functions of ERAP1 and ERAP2 have provided a better understanding of their potential pathogenetic role in autoimmunity and cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in the autoimmune diseases and cancer immunity based on the recent advances in GWAS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ebrazeh
- Department of Biology, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Salimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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14
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Dimopoulou C, Lundgren JD, Sundal J, Ullum H, Aukrust P, Nielsen FC, Marvig RL. Variant in ERAP1 promoter region is associated with low expression in a patient with a Behçet-like MHC-I-opathy. J Hum Genet 2019; 65:325-335. [PMID: 31873220 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is an immune-mediated disease. The cause of BD remains unknown, but the existence of multiple pathological pathways is suspected, including different genetic factors. Polymorphisms in ERAP1 gene have been associated with an increased risk of BD. However, while current BD-associated ERAP1 variants are suggested to contribute to disease by altering the activity of the encoded protein, there is no knowledge of variants that alter the expression level of ERAP1, despite previous associations between ERAP1 expression and BD. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing of a patient with a Behçet-like MHC-I-opathy to identify that the patient, unlike its healthy parents, was homozygous for a rare 1-bp deletion, rs140416843, in the promoter region of ERAP1. rs140416843 has not previously been associated with disease, but is linked to ERAP1 haplotype Hap10 which is associated with BD. The expression of ERAP1 by both RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing showed that ERAP1 mRNA expression correlated with the zygosity for the identified deletion and was decreased in comparison to a healthy cohort. In conclusion, we diagnosed the patient as having BD, and hypothesize that rs140416843-mediated changes in ERAP1 expression play a causative role in BD and that this risk factor is contributing to the association between Hap10 and BD. This is the first report to identify a variant that may cause BD by altering the expression of ERAP1, and our findings suggest that downregulation of ERAP1 expression can serve as a diagnostic marker for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dimopoulou
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infection (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infection (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Sundal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus L Marvig
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Lorente E, Redondo-Antón J, Martín-Esteban A, Guasp P, Barnea E, Lauzurica P, Admon A, López de Castro JA. Substantial Influence of ERAP2 on the HLA-B*40:02 Peptidome: Implications for HLA-B*27-Negative Ankylosing Spondylitis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2298-2309. [PMID: 31530632 PMCID: PMC6823859 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-B*40:02 is one of a few major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) independently of HLA-B*27. The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), an enzyme that process MHC-I ligands and preferentially trims N-terminal basic residues, is also a risk factor for this disease. Like HLA-B*27 and other AS-associated MHC-I molecules, HLA-B*40:02 binds a relatively high percentage of peptides with ERAP2-susceptible residues. In this study, the effects of ERAP2 depletion on the HLA-B*40:02 peptidome were analyzed. ERAP2 protein expression was knocked out by CRISPR in the transfectant cell line C1R-B*40:02, and the differences between the peptidomes from the wild-type and ERAP2-KO cells were determined by label-free quantitative comparisons. The qualitative changes dependent on ERAP2 affected about 5% of the peptidome, but quantitative changes in peptide amounts were much more substantial, reflecting a significant influence of this enzyme on the generation/destruction balance of HLA-B*40:02 ligands. As in HLA-B*27, a major effect was on the frequencies of N-terminal residues. In this position, basic and small residues were increased, and aliphatic/aromatic ones decreased in the ERAP2 knockout. Other peptide positions were also affected. Because most of the non-B*27 MHC-I molecules associated with AS risk bind a relatively high percentage of peptides with N-terminal basic residues, we hypothesize that the non-epistatic association of ERAP2 with AS might be related to the processing of peptides with these residues, thus affecting the peptidomes of AS-associated MHC-I molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jennifer Redondo-Antón
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Guasp
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Pilar Lauzurica
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda Madrid, Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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16
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Xi Y, Jiang T, Chaurasiya B, Zhou Y, Yu J, Wen J, Shen Y, Ye X, Webster TJ. Advances in nanomedicine for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8521-8542. [PMID: 31806960 PMCID: PMC6831987 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a complex disease characterized by inflammation and ankylosis primarily at the cartilage-bone interface. The disease is more common in young males and risk factors include both genetic and environmental. While the pathogenesis of AS is not completely understood, it is thought to be an immune-mediated disease involving inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and human leukocyte antigen-B27. Currently, there is no specific diagnostic technique available for this disease; therefore conventional diagnostic approaches such as clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging techniques are used. There are various review papers that have been published on conventional treatment approaches, and in this review work, we focus on the more promising nanomedicine-based treatment modalities to move this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu215500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Birendra Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangmin Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Georgiadis D, Mpakali A, Koumantou D, Stratikos E. Inhibitors of ER Aminopeptidase 1 and 2: From Design to Clinical Application. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2715-2729. [PMID: 29446724 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum aminopeptidase 1 and 2 are two homologous enzymes that help generate peptide ligands for presentation by Major Histocompatibility Class I molecules. Their enzymatic activity influences the antigenic peptide repertoire and indirectly controls adaptive immune responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that these two enzymes are tractable targets for the regulation of immune responses with possible applications ranging from cancer immunotherapy to treating inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in the development of inhibitors of ERAP1 and ERAP2 as well as their potential and limitations for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Mpakali
- National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Greece
| | - Despoina Koumantou
- National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Greece
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18
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Guasp P, Lorente E, Martín-Esteban A, Barnea E, Romania P, Fruci D, Kuiper JW, Admon A, López de Castro JA. Redundancy and Complementarity between ERAP1 and ERAP2 Revealed by their Effects on the Behcet's Disease-associated HLA-B*51 Peptidome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1491-1510. [PMID: 31092671 PMCID: PMC6682995 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 trim peptides to be loaded onto HLA molecules, including the main risk factor for Behçet's disease HLA-B*51. ERAP1 is also a risk factor among HLA-B*51-positive individuals, whereas no association is known with ERAP2. This study addressed the mutual relationships between both enzymes in the processing of an HLA-bound peptidome, interrogating their differential association with Behçet's disease. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate knock outs of ERAP1, ERAP2 or both from transfectant 721.221-HLA-B*51:01 cells. The surface expression of HLA-B*51 was reduced in all cases. The effects of depleting each or both enzymes on the B*51:01 peptidome were analyzed by quantitative label-free mass spectrometry. Substantial quantitative alterations of peptide length, subpeptidome balance, N-terminal residue usage, affinity and presentation of noncanonical ligands were observed. These effects were often different in the presence or absence of the other enzyme, revealing their mutual dependence. In the absence of ERAP1, ERAP2 showed similar and significant processing of B*51:01 ligands, indicating functional redundancy. The high overlap between the peptidomes of wildtype and double KO cells indicates that a large majority of B*51:01 ligands are present in the ER even in the absence of ERAP1/ERAP2. These results indicate that both enzymes have distinct, but complementary and partially redundant effects on the B*51:01 peptidome, leading to its optimization and maximal surface expression. The distinct effects of both enzymes on the HLA-B*51 peptidome provide a basis for their differential association with Behçet's disease and suggest a pathogenetic role of the B*51:01 peptidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Guasp
- ‡Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lorente
- ‡Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- §Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Paolo Romania
- ¶Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- ¶Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - JonasJ W Kuiper
- ‖Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Admon
- §Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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ERAP1 allotypes shape the epitope repertoire of virus-specific CD8 + T cell responses in acute hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 2019; 70:1072-1081. [PMID: 30769005 PMCID: PMC6527866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) polymorphisms are linked with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-associated autoinflammatory disorders, including ankylosing spondylitis and Behçet's disease. Disease-associated ERAP1 allotypes exhibit distinct functional properties, but it remains unclear how differential peptide trimming in vivo affects the repertoire of epitopes presented to CD8+ T cells. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of ERAP1 allotypes on the virus-specific CD8+ T cell epitope repertoire in an HLA-B*27:05+ individual with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS We performed genetic and functional analyses of ERAP1 allotypes and characterized the HCV-specific CD8+ T cell repertoire at the level of fine epitope specificity and HLA class I restriction, in a patient who had acquired an HCV genotype 1a infection through a needle-stick injury. RESULTS Two hypoactive allotypic variants of ERAP1 were identified in an individual with acute HCV infection. The associated repertoire of virus-derived epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells was uncommon in a couple of respects. Firstly, reactivity was directed away from classically immunodominant epitopes, preferentially targeting either novel or subdominant epitopes. Secondly, reactivity was biased towards longer epitopes (10-11-mers). Despite the patient exhibiting favorable prognostic indicators, these atypical immune responses failed to clear the virus and the patient developed persistent low-level infection with HCV. CONCLUSIONS ERAP1 allotypes modify the virus-specific CD8+ T cell epitope repertoire in vivo, leading to altered immunodominance patterns that may contribute to the failure of antiviral immunity after infection with HCV. LAY SUMMARY Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) plays a key role in antigen presentation. Genetic variants of ERAP1 (leading to distinct allotypes) are linked with specific autoinflammatory disorders, such as ankylosing spondylitis and Behçet's disease. We found that ERAP1 allotypes modified the repertoire of virus-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes in a patient with hepatitis C virus, leading to an altered pattern of immunodominance that may have contributed to the failure of antiviral immunity in this patient.
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Hanson AL, Morton CJ, Parker MW, Bessette D, Kenna TJ. The genetics, structure and function of the M1 aminopeptidase oxytocinase subfamily and their therapeutic potential in immune-mediated disease. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:281-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ruyssen-Witrand A, Luxembourger C, Cantagrel A, Nigon D, Claudepierre P, Degboe Y, Constantin A. Association between IL23R and ERAP1 polymorphisms and sacroiliac or spinal MRI inflammation in spondyloarthritis: DESIR cohort data. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:22. [PMID: 30646942 PMCID: PMC6332609 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the association between 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on ERAP1 and IL23R with the presence of inflammation on the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) or spinal magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) in an early onset spondyloarthritis (SpA) cohort. Methods All the patients included in the DESIR cohort with an axial SpA and available DNA at baseline were enrolled in this study (n = 645 patients) and underwent a clinical examination, CRP assay, SIJ and spinal MRI scans. Six SNPs located on ERAP1 (rs30187, rs27044, rs27434, rs17482078, rs10050860, rs2287987) and six SNPs located on IL23R (rs1004819, rs10489629, rs1343151, rs2201841, rs10889677, rs11209032) were genotyped. Univariable analyses were performed to test the association between the genotypes and SIJ and spinal MRI inflammation, as well as disease activity based on Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP) and CRP. Results One SNP located on ERAP1 (rs27434) and haplotype CCT of ERAP1 were associated with SIJ inflammation detected by MRI, but these associations were below the Bonferroni corrected threshold of significance. However, one SNP (rs1004819) located on IL23R was associated with SIJ MRI inflammation (rs1004819: TT 42.3%, CT 40.5%, CC 26.5%, p = 0.0005). This locus was also significantly associated with Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada scores while no association with another inflammatory parameter such as BASDAI, ASDAS-CRP, CRP or Berlin MRI score was identified in this population. Conclusion One locus of the IL23R gene was associated with SIJ MRI inflammation and might be a marker of more active disease in recent onset SpA. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCTO 164 8907
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand
- Centre de rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| | - Cécile Luxembourger
- Centre de rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Cantagrel
- Centre de rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1043, CPTP, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Nigon
- Centre de rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Claudepierre
- Departement de Rhumatologie, Henri Mondor Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Est Créteil, EA 7379 - EpidermE, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Yannick Degboe
- Centre de rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1043, CPTP, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Constantin
- Centre de rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1043, CPTP, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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Association analysis of ERAP1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in Iranian population. Immunol Lett 2018; 201:52-58. [PMID: 30412714 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a debilitating spondyloarthropathy that has been associated with variation in several genes. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 constructs an impaired structure, culminating in recognition and activation of immune system. Impaired function of Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) 1, which primes peptides to be loaded in HLA molecules, has strongly been associated with AS proneness. Here, we intended to investigate the possible association of ERAP1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AS susceptibility in Iranian patients. Methods Two-hundred and twenty AS patients and 220 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from blood samples and then was genotyped for rs27044, rs17482078, and rs10050860 polymorphism by SSP-PCR approach. Results It was seen that G allele and GG genotype of rs27044 SNP significantly increased the risk of AS that was even stronger in HLA-B27 positive patients. Moreover, the T allele and TT genotype of rs10050860 polymorphism were associated with increased risk of the disease in both all and HLA-B27 positive AS group. Two haplotypes were associated with the risk of AS and there was linkage disequilibrium between SNPs. Two SNPs were associated with clinicopathological manifestations of AS subjects. Conclusions This association study replicated the role ofERAP1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of AS in an Iranian population.
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Jiang Y, Ren Y, Zhou D, Xu Y. Associations between ERAP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis: A meta-analysis of East Asian Population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13263. [PMID: 30461632 PMCID: PMC6393156 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic factor is importantly enrolled in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and haplotype leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 is the most well-known. However, only 1% to 5% of B27-positive individuals will develop AS, and it confers only 20% to 30% of the overall genetic risks, indicating more genes other than HLA-B27 may play important roles in AS pathologies. The present study aims to investigate whether the polymorphisms of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is associated with increased risk of AS susceptibility. METHODS The Cochrane library, Pubmed, and Embase databases were carefully searched for potential researches published before May 30, 2018. The title, abstract, and full text were assessed to determine whether the paper was suitable for inclusion. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented to assess the associations between ERAP1 polymorphisms and AS susceptibility. RESULTS The study finally enrolled 10 papers, 4 matched single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ERAP1 (rs27044, rs27434, rs30187, and rs27037), and a total of 30552 patients (12492 with AS and 18060 for control). No significant difference was found between the AS susceptibility and polymorphisms of rs27044 and rs27434. However, there was a significant association between ERAP1 polymorphisms rs30187 and rs27037 (T vs C, OR, 1.322, 95% CI = 1.240-10410, P <.05; T vs G, OR, 1.247, 95% CI = 1.149-1.353; P <.05; respectively) and AS susceptibility. CONCLUSION There was a significant association between ERAP1 polymorphisms (rs30187 and rs27037) and increased risk of AS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou No.2 people's Hospital
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou No.2 people's Hospital
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow
- Osteoprosis institute of Soochow University, Soochow, China
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López de Castro JA. How ERAP1 and ERAP2 Shape the Peptidomes of Disease-Associated MHC-I Proteins. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2463. [PMID: 30425713 PMCID: PMC6219399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Four inflammatory diseases are strongly associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules: birdshot chorioretinopathy (HLA-A*29:02), ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B*27), Behçet's disease (HLA-B*51), and psoriasis (HLA-C*06:02). The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1 and 2 are also risk factors for these diseases. Since both enzymes are involved in the final processing steps of MHC-I ligands it is reasonable to assume that MHC-I-bound peptides play a significant pathogenetic role. This review will mainly focus on recent studies concerning the effects of ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression on shaping the peptidome of disease-associated MHC-I molecules in live cells. These studies will be discussed in the context of the distinct mechanisms and substrate preferences of both enzymes, their different patterns of genetic association with various diseases, the role of polymorphisms determining changes in enzymatic activity or expression levels, and the distinct peptidomes of disease-associated MHC-I allotypes. ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression induce significant changes in multiple MHC-I-bound peptidomes. These changes are MHC allotype-specific and, without excluding a degree of functional inter-dependence between both enzymes, reflect largely separate roles in their processing of MHC-I ligands. The studies reviewed here provide a molecular basis for the distinct patterns of genetic association of ERAP1 and ERAP2 with disease and for the pathogenetic role of peptides. The allotype-dependent alterations induced on distinct peptidomes may explain that the joint association of both enzymes and unrelated MHC-I alleles influence different pathological outcomes.
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Osgood JA, Knight JC. Translating GWAS in rheumatic disease: approaches to establishing mechanism and function for genetic associations with ankylosing spondylitis. Brief Funct Genomics 2018; 17:308-318. [PMID: 29741584 PMCID: PMC6158798 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/ely015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a highly heritable chronic inflammatory arthritis characterized by osteoproliferation, fusion of affected joints and systemic manifestations. Many disease associations for AS have been reported through genome-wide association studies; however, identifying modulated genes and functional mechanism remains challenging. This review summarizes current genetic associations involving AS and describes strategic approaches for functional follow-up of disease-associated variants. Fine mapping using methods leveraging Bayesian approaches are outlined. Evidence highlighting the importance of context specificity for regulatory variants is reviewed, noting current evidence in AS for the relevant cell and tissue type to conduct such analyses. Technological advances for understanding the regulatory landscape within which functional variants may act are discussed using exemplars. Approaches include defining regulatory elements based on chromatin accessibility, effects of variants on genes at a distance through evidence of physical interactions (chromatin conformation capture), expression quantitative trait loci mapping and single-cell methodologies. Opportunities for mechanistic studies to investigate the function of specific variants, regulatory elements and genes enabled by genome editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 are also described. Further progress in our understanding of the genetics of AS through functional genomic and epigenomic approaches offers new opportunities to understand mechanism and develop innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Osgood
- Functional genomics of ankylosing spondylitis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sanz-Bravo A, Martín-Esteban A, Kuiper JJW, García-Peydró M, Barnea E, Admon A, López de Castro JA. Allele-specific Alterations in the Peptidome Underlie the Joint Association of HLA-A*29:02 and Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1564-1577. [PMID: 29769354 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all patients of the rare inflammatory eye disease birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) carry the HLA-A*29:02 allele. BSCR is also associated with endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), an enzyme involved in processing HLA class I ligands, thus implicating the A*29:02 peptidome in this disease. To investigate the relationship between both risk factors we employed label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to characterize the effects of ERAP2 on the A*29:02-bound peptidome. An ERAP2-negative cell line was transduced with lentiviral constructs containing GFP-ERAP2 or GFP alone, and the A*29:02 peptidomes from both transduced cells were compared. A similar analysis was performed with two additional A*29:02-positive, ERAP1-concordant, cell lines expressing or not ERAP2. In both comparisons the presence of ERAP2 affected the following features of the A*29:02 peptidome: 1) Length, with increased amounts of peptides >9-mers, and 2) N-terminal residues, with less ERAP2-susceptible and more hydrophobic ones. The paradoxical effects on peptide length suggest that unproductive binding to ERAP2 might protect some peptides from ERAP1 over-trimming. The influence on N-terminal residues can be explained by a direct effect of ERAP2 on trimming, without ruling out and improved processing in concert with ERAP1. The alterations in the A*29:02 peptidome suggest that the association of ERAP2 with BSCR is through its effects on peptide processing. These differ from those on the ankylosing spondylitis-associated HLA-B*27. Thus, ERAP2 alters the peptidome of distinct HLA molecules as a function of their specific binding preferences, influencing different pathological outcomes in an allele-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sanz-Bravo
- From the ‡Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jonas J W Kuiper
- §Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marina García-Peydró
- From the ‡Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- ¶Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- ¶Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Sanz-Bravo A, Alvarez-Navarro C, Martín-Esteban A, Barnea E, Admon A, López de Castro JA. Ranking the Contribution of Ankylosing Spondylitis-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) Polymorphisms to Shaping the HLA-B*27 Peptidome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1308-1323. [PMID: 29632046 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase I (ERAP1) trims peptides to their optimal size for binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex class I proteins. The natural polymorphism of this enzyme is associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in epistasis with the major risk factor for this disease, HLA-B*27, suggesting a direct relationship between AS and HLA-B*27-bound peptides. Three polymorphisms that affect peptide trimming protect from AS: K528R, D575N/R725Q, and Q730E. We characterized and ranked the effects of each mutation, and their various combinations, by quantitative comparisons of the HLA-B*27 peptidomes from cells expressing distinct ERAP1 variants. Five features were examined: peptide length, N-terminal flanking residues, N-terminal residues of the natural ligands, internal sequences and affinity for B*27:05. Polymorphism at residue 528 showed the largest influence, affecting all five features regardless of peptide length. D575N/R725Q showed a much smaller effect. Yet, when co-occurring with K528R, it further decreased ERAP1 activity. Polymorphism at residue 730 showed a significant influence on peptide length, because of distinct effects on trimming of nonamers compared with longer peptides. Accordingly, multiple features were affected by the Q730E mutation in a length-dependent way. The alterations induced in the B*27:05 peptidome by natural ERAP1 variants with different K528R/Q730E combinations reflected separate and additive effects of both mutations. Thus, the influence of ERAP1 on HLA-B*27 is very diverse at the population level, because of the multiplicity and complexity of ERAP1 variants, and to the distinct effects of their co-occurring polymorphisms, leading to significant modulation of disease risk among HLA-B*27-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sanz-Bravo
- From the ‡Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alvarez-Navarro
- §Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral del Chile, and Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- ¶Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- ¶Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Hanson AL, Cuddihy T, Haynes K, Loo D, Morton CJ, Oppermann U, Leo P, Thomas GP, Lê Cao KA, Kenna TJ, Brown MA. Genetic Variants in ERAP1 and ERAP2 Associated With Immune-Mediated Diseases Influence Protein Expression and the Isoform Profile. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 70:255-265. [PMID: 29108111 DOI: 10.1002/art.40369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP-1) and ERAP-2, encoded on chromosome 5q15, trim endogenous peptides for HLA-mediated presentation to the immune system. Polymorphisms in ERAP1 and/or ERAP2 are strongly associated with several immune-mediated diseases with specific HLA backgrounds, implicating altered peptide handling and presentation as prerequisites for autoreactivity against an arthritogenic peptide. Given the thorough characterization of disease risk-associated polymorphisms that alter ERAP activity, this study aimed instead to interrogate the expression effect of chromosome 5q15 polymorphisms to determine their effect on ERAP isoform and protein expression. METHODS RNA sequencing and genotyping across chromosome 5q15 were performed to detect genetic variants in ERAP1 and ERAP2 associated with altered total gene and isoform-specific expression. The functional implication of a putative messenger RNA splice-altering variant on ERAP-1 protein levels was validated using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Polymorphisms associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) significantly influenced the transcript and protein expression of ERAP-1 and ERAP-2. Disease risk-associated polymorphisms in and around both genes were also associated with increased gene expression. Furthermore, key risk-associated ERAP1 variants were associated with altered transcript splicing, leading to allele-dependent alternate expression of 2 distinct isoforms and significant differences in the type of ERAP-1 protein produced. CONCLUSION In accordance with studies demonstrating that polymorphisms that increase aminopeptidase activity predispose to immune disease, the increased risk also attributed to increased expression of ERAP1 and ERAP2 supports the notion of using aminopeptidase inhibition to treat AS and other ERAP-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Hanson
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Cuddihy
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katelin Haynes
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dorothy Loo
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig J Morton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul Leo
- Queensland University of Technology and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gethin P Thomas
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony J Kenna
- Queensland University of Technology and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Queensland University of Technology and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Associations of ERAP1 coding variants and domain specific interaction with HLA-C∗06 in the early onset psoriasis patients of India. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:724-730. [PMID: 28867178 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-induced aminopeptidase ERAP1 trims peptides within the endoplasmic reticulum so that they can be loaded onto MHC class I and presented to the CD8+ T-cells. ERAP1 association and its interaction with HLA-C∗06 is controversial across different populations. We have investigated the association and possible functional role of non-synonymous SNPs at different exons of ERAP1 (rs26653: Arg127Pro, rs30187: Lys528Arg and rs27044: Gln730Glu) and their interactions with HLA-C∗06 in psoriasis. Significant associations of HLA-C∗06 (OR=5.47, P<2.2×10-16), rs30187 (OR 1.35, P=7.4×10-4) and rs27044 (OR=1.24, P=5.8×10-3) were observed. All three ERAP1 SNPs showed significant association only for HLA-C∗06 positive patients, while rs30187 and rs27044 showed significant association only for early onset patients (rs30187: OR=1.47, P=9.6×10-5; rs27044: OR=1.36, P=3.3×10-4). No differential expression of ERAP1 was observed either between paired uninvolved and involved skin tissues of psoriasis patients or between non-risk and risk variants in the involved skin. Significant epistatic interaction was observed between HLA-C∗06 and the SNP (rs27044) located at the peptide-binding cavity of ERAP1. Evolutionary conservation analysis among mammals showed confinement of Lys528 and Gln730 within highly conserved regions of ERAP1 and suggested the possible detrimental effect of this allele in ERAP1 regulation.
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Vitulano C, Tedeschi V, Paladini F, Sorrentino R, Fiorillo MT. The interplay between HLA-B27 and ERAP1/ERAP2 aminopeptidases: from anti-viral protection to spondyloarthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:281-290. [PMID: 28759104 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen class I gene HLA-B27 is the strongest risk factor for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory arthritic disorder. More recently, the Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase (ERAP) 1 and 2 genes have been identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS) as additional susceptibility factors. In the ER, these aminopeptidases trim the peptides to a length suitable to fit into the groove of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. It is noteworthy that an epistatic interaction between HLA-B27 and ERAP1, but not between HLA-B27 and ERAP2, has been highlighted. However, these observations suggest a paramount centrality for the HLA-B27 peptide repertoire that determines the natural B27 immunological function, i.e. the T cell antigen presentation and, as a by-product, elicits HLA-B27 aberrant behaviours: (i) the misfolding leading to ER stress responses and autophagy and (ii) the surface expression of homodimers acting as ligands for innate immune receptors. In this context, it has been observed that the HLA-B27 carriers, besides being prone to autoimmunity, display a far better surveillance to some viral infections. This review focuses on the ambivalent role of HLA-B27 in autoimmunity and viral protection correlating its functions to the quantitative and qualitative effects of ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphisms on their enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vitulano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Paladini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Sorrentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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31
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Martín-Esteban A, Guasp P, Barnea E, Admon A, López de Castro JA. Functional Interaction of the Ankylosing Spondylitis-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 With the HLA-B*27 Peptidome in Human Cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2466-75. [PMID: 27110896 DOI: 10.1002/art.39734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP-2) expression on the HLA-B*27 peptidome in live cells. METHODS Using immunoaffinity chromatography and acid extraction, HLA-B*27:05-bound peptides were isolated from 2 ERAP-2-negative lymphoblastoid cell lines and 1 ERAP-2-positive lymphoblastoid cell line expressing functionally indistinguishable ERAP-1 variants. More than 2,000-4,000 B*27:05 ligands were identified from each cell line, and their relative abundance was established by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry and MaxQuant-based peptide analyses. Pairwise comparisons were used to determine the structural features of peptides whose relative abundance was dependent on the presence of ERAP-2. Synthetic peptide digestions were performed with recombinant ERAP-1 and ERAP-2. Peptide affinity was estimated with standard algorithms. RESULTS The B*27:05 peptidome from ERAP-2-positive cells showed 3-4% fewer peptides with N-terminal basic residues than did the peptidome from ERAP-2-negative cells. Among the shared peptides, those most abundant in the presence of ERAP-2 included more nonamers, fewer decamers, and fewer N-terminal basic residues than the peptides predominant in ERAP-2-negative cells. These ERAP-2-dependent changes did not alter the global affinity of the B*27:05 peptidome. CONCLUSION ERAP-2 significantly influences the B*27:05-bound peptidome by destroying some ligands and decreasing the abundance of many more ligands with N-terminal basic residues, while increasing the abundance of nonamers. The former effects are best explained by direct ERAP-2 trimming. The effects on peptide length might be attributed to ERAP-2-induced activation of ERAP-1 trimming. These data support the notion of a peptide-mediated mechanism as the basis for the association of ERAP-2 with ankylosing spondylitis. Analogous effects on other major histocompatibility complex class I peptidomes might explain the involvement of ERAP-2 in HLA-B27-negative spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Martín-Esteban
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Guasp
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - José A López de Castro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma), Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses genomic investigations in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) beyond genome-wide association (GWA) studies, but prior to this, genetic variants achieving genome-wide significance will be summarized highlighting key pathways contributing to disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests that disease pathogenesis is attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. GWA studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of AS pathogenesis by illuminating distinct immunomodulatory pathways affecting innate and acquired immunity, most notably the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 pathway. However, despite the wealth of new information gleaned from such studies, a fraction of the heritability (24.4%) has been explained. This review will focus on investigations beyond GWA studies including copy number variants, gene expression profiling, including microRNA (miRNA), epigenetics, rare variants and gene-gene interactions. SUMMARY To address the 'missing heritability' and advance beyond GWA studies, a concerted effort involving rethinking of study design and implementation of newer technologies will be required. The coming of age of next-generation sequencing and advancements in epigenetic and miRNA technologies, combined with familial-focused investigations using well-characterized cohorts, is likely to reveal some of the hidden genomic mysteries associated with AS.
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Abstract
Over the past 5 years, advances in high-throughput techniques and studies involving large cohorts of patients have led to considerable advances in the identification of novel genetic associations and immune pathways involved in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). These discoveries include genes encoding cytokine receptors, transcription factors, signalling molecules and transport proteins. Although progress has been made in understanding the functions and potential pathogenic roles of some of these molecules, much work remains to be done to comprehend their complex interactions and therapeutic potential in AS. In this Review, we outline the current knowledge of AS pathogenesis, including genetic risk associations, HLA-B27-mediated pathology, perturbations in antigen-presentation pathways and the contribution of the type 3 immune response.
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Guasp P, Barnea E, González-Escribano MF, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Regueiro JR, Admon A, López de Castro JA. The Behçet's disease-associated variant of the aminopeptidase ERAP1 shapes a low-affinity HLA-B*51 peptidome by differential subpeptidome processing. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9680-9689. [PMID: 28446606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-activity variant of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), Hap10, is associated with the autoinflammatory disorder Behçet's disease (BD) in epistasis with HLA-B*51, which is the main risk factor for this disorder. The role of Hap10 in BD pathogenesis is unknown. We sought to define the effects of Hap10 on the HLA-B*51 peptidome and to distinguish these effects from those due to HLA-B*51 polymorphisms unrelated to disease. The peptidome of the BD-associated HLA-B*51:08 subtype expressed in a Hap10-positive cell line was isolated, characterized by mass spectrometry, and compared with the HLA-B*51:01 peptidome from cells expressing more active ERAP1 allotypes. We additionally performed synthetic peptide digestions with recombinant ERAP1 variants and estimated peptide-binding affinity with standard algorithms. In the BD-associated ERAP1 context of B*51:08, longer peptides were generated; of the two major HLA-B*51 subpeptidomes with Pro-2 and Ala-2, the former one was significantly reduced, and the latter was increased and showed more ERAP1-susceptible N-terminal residues. These effects were readily explained by the low activity of Hap10 and the differential susceptibility of X-Pro and X-Ala bonds to ERAP1 trimming and together resulted in a significantly altered peptidome with lower affinity. The differences due to ERAP1 were clearly distinguished from those due to HLA-B*51 subtype polymorphism, which affected residue frequencies at internal positions of the peptide ligands. The alterations in the nature and affinity of HLA-B*51·peptide complexes probably affect T-cell and natural killer cell recognition, providing a sound basis for the joint association of ERAP1 and HLA-B*51 with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Guasp
- From the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | | | - Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- the Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Regueiro
- the Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - José A López de Castro
- From the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma), 28049 Madrid, Spain,
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Barnea E, Melamed Kadosh D, Haimovich Y, Satumtira N, Dorris ML, Nguyen MT, Hammer RE, Tran TM, Colbert RA, Taurog JD, Admon A. The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-B27 Peptidome in Vivo, in Spondyloarthritis-susceptible HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats and the Effect of Erap1 Deletion. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:642-662. [PMID: 28188227 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.066241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-B27 is a class I major histocompatibility (MHC-I) allele that confers susceptibility to the rheumatic disease ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by an unknown mechanism. ERAP1 is an aminopeptidase that trims peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum for binding to MHC-I molecules. ERAP1 shows genetic epistasis with HLA-B27 in conferring susceptibility to AS. Male HLA-B27 transgenic rats develop arthritis and serve as an animal model of AS, whereas female B27 transgenic rats remain healthy. We used large scale quantitative mass spectrometry to identify over 15,000 unique HLA-B27 peptide ligands, isolated after immunoaffinity purification of the B27 molecules from the spleens of HLA-B27 transgenic rats. Heterozygous deletion of Erap1, which reduced the Erap1 level to less than half, had no qualitative or quantitative effects on the B27 peptidome. Homozygous deletion of Erap1 affected approximately one-third of the B27 peptidome but left most of the B27 peptidome unchanged, suggesting the possibility that some of the HLA-B27 immunopeptidome is not processed in the presence of Erap1. Deletion of Erap1 was permissive for the AS-like phenotype, increased mean peptide length and increased the frequency of C-terminal hydrophobic residues and of N-terminal Ala, Ser, or Lys. The presence of Erap1 increased the frequency of C-terminal Lys and Arg, of Glu and Asp at intermediate residues, and of N-terminal Gly. Several peptides of potential interest in AS pathogenesis, previously identified in human cell lines, were isolated. However, rats susceptible to arthritis had B27 peptidomes similar to those of non-susceptible rats, and no peptides were found to be uniquely associated with arthritis. Whether specific B27-bound peptides are required for AS pathogenesis remains to be determined. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005502.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Barnea
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dganit Melamed Kadosh
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yael Haimovich
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Nimman Satumtira
- §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8884
| | - Martha L Dorris
- §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8884
| | - Mylinh T Nguyen
- ¶Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816
| | - Robert E Hammer
- ¶Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816
| | - Tri M Tran
- ‖NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1560
| | - Robert A Colbert
- ‖NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1560
| | - Joel D Taurog
- §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8884;
| | - Arie Admon
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
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Separate effects of the ankylosing spondylitis associated ERAP1 and ERAP2 aminopeptidases determine the influence of their combined phenotype on the HLA-B*27 peptidome. J Autoimmun 2017; 79:28-38. [PMID: 28063628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease strongly associated with the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) allotype HLA-B*27. The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP)1 and 2, which trim peptides to their optimal length for MHC-I binding, are also susceptibility factors for this disease. Both highly active ERAP1 variants and ERAP2 expression favor AS, whereas loss-of-function ERAP1 and loss-of-expression ERAP2 variants are protective. Yet, only ERAP1 is in epistasis with HLA-B*27. We addressed two issues concerning the functional interaction of ERAP1 and ERAP2 with the HLA-B*27 peptidome in human cells: 1) distinguishing the effects of ERAP1 from those of ERAP2, and 2) determining the influence of ERAP2 in distinct ERAP1 contexts. Quantitative comparisons of the HLA-B*27:05 peptidomes from cells with various ERAP1/ERAP2 phenotypes were carried out. When cells expressing ERAP2 and either high or low activity ERAP1 variants were compared, increased amounts of nonamers, relative to longer ligands, and decreased amounts of peptides with Ala1, were observed in the more active ERAP1 context. When cells expressing ERAP2 in a low activity ERAP1 context or lacking ERAP2 but expressing a highly active ERAP1 variant were compared, the same effects on peptide length and Ala1, but also significantly lower amounts of peptides with N-terminal basic residues and lower affinity of the peptidome, were observed in the ERAP2-positive context. Thus, ERAP1 and ERAP2 have significant and distinct effects on the HLA-B*27 peptidome, suggesting that both enzymes largely act as separate entities in vivo. This may explain their different patterns of association with AS.
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Takeuchi M, Ombrello MJ, Kirino Y, Erer B, Tugal-Tutkun I, Seyahi E, Özyazgan Y, Watts NR, Gül A, Kastner DL, Remmers EF. A single endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 protein allotype is a strong risk factor for Behçet's disease in HLA-B*51 carriers. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2208-2211. [PMID: 27217550 PMCID: PMC5106293 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-209059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) protein is highly polymorphic with numerous missense amino acid variants. We sought to determine the naturally occurring ERAP1 protein allotypes and their contribution to Behçet's disease. METHODS Genotypes of all reported missense ERAP1 gene variants with 1000 Genomes Project EUR superpopulation frequency >1% were determined in 1900 Behçet's disease cases and 1779 controls from Turkey. ERAP1 protein allotypes and their contributions to Behçet's disease risk were determined by haplotype identification and disease association analyses. RESULTS One ERAP1 protein allotype with five non-ancestral amino acids was recessively associated with disease (p=3.13×10-6, OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.82). The ERAP1 association was absent in individuals who lacked HLA-B*51. Individuals who carry HLA-B*51 and who are also homozygous for the haplotype had an increased disease odds compared with those with neither risk factor (p=4.80×10-20, OR 10.96, 95% CI 5.91 to 20.32). DISCUSSION The Behçet's disease-associated ERAP1 protein allotype was previously shown to have poor peptide trimming activity. Combined with its requirement for HLA-B*51, these data suggest that a hypoactive ERAP1 allotype contributes to Behçet's disease risk by altering the peptides available for binding to HLA-B*51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takeuchi
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael J Ombrello
- Translational Genetics and Genomics Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Burak Erer
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Emire Seyahi
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Özyazgan
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Norman R Watts
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Scholz E, Mestre-Ferrer A, Daura X, García-Medel N, Carrascal M, James EA, Kwok WW, Canals F, Álvarez I. A Comparative Analysis of the Peptide Repertoires of HLA-DR Molecules Differentially Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:2412-21. [PMID: 27158783 DOI: 10.1002/art.39736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate similarity of the peptide repertoires bound to HLA-DR molecules that are differentially associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to define structural features of the shared peptides. METHODS Peptide pools bound to HLA-DRB1*01:01, HLA-DRB1*04:01, and HLA-DRB1*10:01 (RA associated) and those bound to HLA-DRB1*15:01 (non-RA-associated) were purified and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and LC-ion-trap MS. Peptide pools from each allotype were compared in terms of size, protein origin, composition, and affinity (both theoretical and experimental with some peptides). Finally, 1 peptide sequenced from DR1, DR4, and DR10, but not from DR15, was modeled in complex with all 4 HLA-DRB1 molecules and HLA-DRB5*01:01. RESULTS A total of 6,309 masses and 962 unique peptide sequences were compared. DR10 shared 29 peptides with DR1, 9 with DR4, and 1 with DR15; DR1 shared 6 peptides with DR4 and 9 with DR15; and DR4 and DR15 shared 4 peptides. The direct identification of peptide ligands indicated that DR1 and DR10 were the most similar molecules regarding the peptides that they could share. The peptides common to these molecules contained a high proportion of Leu at P4 and basic residues at P8 binding core positions. CONCLUSION The degree of overlap between peptide repertoires associated with different HLA-DR molecules is low. The repertoires associated with DR1 and DR10 have the highest similarity among the molecules analyzed (∼10% overlap). Among the peptides shared between DR1 and DR10, a high proportion contained Leu(4) and basic residues at the P8 position of the binding core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Scholz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Mestre-Ferrer
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Daura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Carrascal
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC/Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eddie A James
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - William W Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Francesc Canals
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute Proteomics Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Álvarez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Molecular and pathogenic effects of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 in MHC-I-associated inflammatory disorders: Towards a unifying view. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:193-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mahmoudi M, Aslani S, Nicknam MH, Karami J, Jamshidi AR. New insights toward the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis; genetic variations and epigenetic modifications. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:198-209. [PMID: 27425039 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1206174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by typically an axial arthritis. AS is the prototype of a group of disorders called spondyloarthropathies, which is believed to have common clinical manifestations and genetic predisposition. To date, the exact etiology of AS remains unclear. Over the past few years, however, the role of genetic susceptibility and epigenetic modifications caused through environmental factors have been extensively surveyed with respect to the pathogenesis of AS, resulted in important advances. This review article focuses on the recent advances in the field of AS research, including HLA and non-HLA susceptibility genes identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and aberrant epigenetic modifications of gene loci associated with AS. HLA genes most significantly linked with AS susceptibility include HLA-B27 and its subtypes. Numerous non-HLA genes such as those in ubiquitination, aminopeptidases and MHC class I presentation molecules like ERAP-1 were also reported. Moreover, epigenetic modifications occurred in AS has been summarized. Taken together, the findings presented in this review attempt to explain the circumstance by which both genetic variations and epigenetic modifications are involved in triggering and development of AS. Nonetheless, several unanswered dark sides continue to clog our exhaustive understanding of AS. Future researches in the field of epigenetics should be carried out to extend our vision of AS etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mahmoudi
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
| | - Saeed Aslani
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
| | | | - Jafar Karami
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
| | - Ahmad Reza Jamshidi
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
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Nagarajan NA, de Verteuil DA, Sriranganadane D, Yahyaoui W, Thibault P, Perreault C, Shastri N. ERAAP Shapes the Peptidome Associated with Classical and Nonclassical MHC Class I Molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1035-43. [PMID: 27371725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The peptide repertoire presented by classical as well as nonclassical MHC class I (MHC I) molecules is altered in the absence of the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing (ERAAP). To characterize the extent of these changes, peptides from cells lacking ERAAP were eluted from the cell surface and analyzed by high-throughput mass spectrometry. We found that most peptides found in wild-type (WT) cells were retained in the absence of ERAAP. In contrast, a subset of "ERAAP-edited" peptides was lost in WT cells, and ERAAP-deficient cells presented a unique "unedited" repertoire. A substantial fraction of MHC-associated peptides from ERAAP-deficient cells contained N-terminal extensions and had a different molecular composition than did those from WT cells. We found that the number and immunogenicity of peptides associated with nonclassical MHC I was increased in the absence of ERAAP. Conversely, only peptides presented by classical MHC I were immunogenic in ERAAP-sufficient cells. Finally, MHC I peptides were also derived from different intracellular sources in ERAAP-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana A Nagarajan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Danielle A de Verteuil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Dev Sriranganadane
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Wafaa Yahyaoui
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
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Guasp P, Alvarez-Navarro C, Gomez-Molina P, Martín-Esteban A, Marcilla M, Barnea E, Admon A, López de Castro JA. The Peptidome of Behçet's Disease-Associated HLA-B*51:01 Includes Two Subpeptidomes Differentially Shaped by Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:505-15. [PMID: 26360328 DOI: 10.1002/art.39430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the peptidome of the Behçet's disease-associated HLA-B*51:01 allotype as well as the differential features of major peptide subsets and their distinct endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP-1)-mediated processing. METHODS The endogenous B*51:01-bound peptidome was characterized from 721.221 transfectant cells, after affinity chromatography and acid extraction, by tandem mass spectrometry. Recombinant ERAP-1 variants were used to digest synthetic B*51:01 ligands. HLA and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) binding affinities of peptide ligands were calculated with well-established algorithms. ERAP-1 and ERAP-2 from 721.221 cells were characterized by genomic sequencing and Western blotting. RESULTS The B*51:01 peptidome consisted of 29.5% octamers, 61.7% nonamers, 4.8% decamers, and 4.0% longer peptides. The major peptide motif consisted of Pro and Ala at position 2, aliphatic/aromatic position 3 residues, and Val and Ile at the C-terminal position. The ligands with Pro or Ala at position 2 constituted 2 distinct subpeptidomes. Peptides with Pro at position 2 showed higher affinity for B*51:01 and lower affinity for TAP than those with Ala at position 2. Most important, both peptide subsets differed drastically in the susceptibility of their position 1 residues to ERAP-1, revealing a distinct influence of this enzyme on both subpeptidomes, which may alter their balance, affecting the global affinity of B*51:01-peptide complexes. CONCLUSION ERAP-1 has a significant influence on the B*51:01 peptidome and its affinity. This influence is based on very distinct effects on the 2 subpeptidomes, whereby only peptides in the subpeptidome with Ala at position 2 are extensively destroyed, except when their position 1 residues are ERAP-1 resistant. This pattern provides a mechanism for the epistatic association of ERAP-1 and B*51:01 in Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Guasp
- CSIC, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Eilon Barnea
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Chen L, Ridley A, Hammitzsch A, Al-Mossawi MH, Bunting H, Georgiadis D, Chan A, Kollnberger S, Bowness P. Silencing or inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) suppresses free heavy chain expression and Th17 responses in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:916-23. [PMID: 26130142 PMCID: PMC4853590 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) are strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). ERAP1 is a key aminopeptidase in HLA class I presentation and can potentially alter surface expression of HLA-B27 free heavy chains (FHCs). We studied the effects of ERAP1 silencing/inhibition/variations on HLA-B27 FHC expression and Th17 responses in AS. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure surface expression of HLA class I in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AS carrying different ERAP1 genotypes (rs2287987, rs30187 and rs27044) and in ERAP1-silenced/inhibited/mutated HLA-B27-expressing antigen presenting cells (APCs). ERAP1-silenced/inhibited APCs were cocultured with KIR3DL2CD3ε-reporter cells or AS CD4+ T cells. Th17 responses of AS CD4+ T cells were measured by interleukin (IL)-17A ELISA and Th17 intracellular cytokine staining. FHC cell surface expression and Th17 responses were also measured in AS PBMCs following ERAP1 inhibition. RESULTS The AS-protective ERAP1 variants, K528R and Q730E, were associated with reduced surface FHC expression by monocytes from patients with AS and HLA-B27-expressing APCs. ERAP1 silencing or inhibition in APCs downregulated HLA-B27 FHC surface expression, reduced IL-2 production by KIR3DL2CD3ε-reporter cells and suppressed the Th17 expansion and IL-17A secretion by AS CD4+ T cells. ERAP1 inhibition of AS PBMCs reduced HLA class I FHC surface expression by monocytes and B cells, and suppressed Th17 expansion. CONCLUSIONS ERAP1 activity determines surface expression of HLA-B27 FHCs and potentially promotes Th17 responses in AS through binding of HLA-B27 FHCs to KIR3DL2. Our data suggest that ERAP1 inhibition has potential for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Chen
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Ridley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ariane Hammitzsch
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohammad Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Bunting
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Antoni Chan
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article will review the genetic evidence implicating ERAP1, which encodes the endoplasmic reticulum-associated amino-peptidase 1, in susceptibility to rheumatic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic variants and haplotypes of ERAP1 are associated with AS, psoriasis, and Behçet's disease in people of varying ancestries. In each of these diseases, disease-associated variants of ERAP1 have been shown to interact with disease-associated class I human leukocyte antigen alleles to influence disease risk. Functionally, disease-associated missense variants of ERAP1 concertedly alter ERAP1 enzymatic function, both quantitatively and qualitatively, whereas other disease-associated variants influence ERAP1 expression. Therefore, ERAP1 haplotypes (or allotypes) should be examined as functional units. Biologically, this amounts to an examination of the gene regulation and function of the protein encoded by each allotype. Genetically, the relationship between disease risk and ERAP1 allotypes should be examined to determine whether allotypes or individual variants produce the most parsimonious risk models. SUMMARY Future investigations of ERAP1 should focus on comprehensively characterizing naturally occurring ERAP1 allotypes, examining the enzymatic function and gene expression of each allotype, and identifying specific allotypes that influence disease susceptibility.
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Robinson PC, Lau E, Keith P, Lau MC, Thomas GP, Bradbury LA, Brown MA, Kenna TJ. ERAP2 functional knockout in humans does not alter surface heavy chains or HLA-B27, inflammatory cytokines or endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:2092-5. [PMID: 26088389 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERAP2 are strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). One AS-associated single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2248374, causes a truncated ERAP2 protein that is degraded by nonsense-mediated decay. Approximately 25% of the populations of European ancestry are therefore natural ERAP2 knockouts. We investigated the effect of this associated variant on HLA class I allele presentation, surface heavy chains, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and cytokine gene transcription in AS. METHODS Patients with AS and healthy controls with either AA or GG homozygous status for rs2248374 were studied. Antibodies to CD14, CD19-ECD, HLA-A-B-C, Valpha7.2, CD161, anti-HC10 and anti-HLA-B27 were used to analyse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Expression levels of ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) and proinflammatory genes (tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL6, IL17 and IL22) were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS There was no significant difference in HLA-class I allele presentation or major histocompatibility class I heavy chains or ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP or proinflammatory gene expression between genotypes for rs2248374 either between cases, between cases and controls, and between controls. DISCUSSION Large differences were not seen in HLA-B27 expression or cytokine levels between subjects with and without ERAP2 in AS cases and controls. This suggests that ERAP2 is more likely to influence AS risk through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Robinson
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eugene Lau
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patricia Keith
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Max C Lau
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gethin P Thomas
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda A Bradbury
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony J Kenna
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Brown MA, Kenna T, Wordsworth BP. Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis--insights into pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:81-91. [PMID: 26439405 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an immune-mediated arthritis, is the prototypic member of a group of conditions known as spondyloarthropathies that also includes reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and enteropathic arthritis. Patients with these conditions share a clinical predisposition for spinal and pelvic joint dysfunction, as well as genetic associations, notably with HLA-B(*)27. Spondyloarthropathies are characterized by histopathological inflammation in entheses (regions of high mechanical stress where tendons and ligaments insert into bone) and in the subchondral bone marrow, and by abnormal osteoproliferation at involved sites. The association of AS with HLA-B(*)27, first described >40 years ago, led to hope that the cause of the disease would be rapidly established. However, even though many theories have been advanced to explain how HLA-B(*)27 is involved in AS, no consensus about the answers to this question has been reached, and no successful treatments have yet been developed that target HLA-B27 or its functional pathways. Over the past decade, rapid progress has been made in discovering further genetic associations with AS that have shed new light on the aetiopathogenesis of the disease. Some of these discoveries have driven translational ideas, such as the repurposing of therapeutics targeting the cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 and other factors downstream of this pathway. AS provides an excellent example of how hypothesis-free research can lead to major advances in understanding pathogenesis and to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Tony Kenna
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - B Paul Wordsworth
- NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit and Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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Emma R, Edward J. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Biology in Immune Evasion by Tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17352/jvi.000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mpakali A, Giastas P, Mathioudakis N, Mavridis IM, Saridakis E, Stratikos E. Structural Basis for Antigenic Peptide Recognition and Processing by Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Aminopeptidase 2. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26021-32. [PMID: 26381406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.685909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidases process antigenic peptide precursors to generate epitopes for presentation by MHC class I molecules and help shape the antigenic peptide repertoire and cytotoxic T-cell responses. To perform this function, ER aminopeptidases have to recognize and process a vast variety of peptide sequences. To understand how these enzymes recognize substrates, we determined crystal structures of ER aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) in complex with a substrate analogue and a peptidic product to 2.5 and 2.7 Å, respectively, and compared them to the apo-form structure determined to 3.0 Å. The peptides were found within the internal cavity of the enzyme with no direct access to the outside solvent. The substrate analogue extends away from the catalytic center toward the distal end of the internal cavity, making interactions with several shallow pockets along the path. A similar configuration was evident for the peptidic product, although decreasing electron density toward its C terminus indicated progressive disorder. Enzymatic analysis confirmed that visualized interactions can either positively or negatively impact in vitro trimming rates. Opportunistic side-chain interactions and lack of deep specificity pockets support a limited-selectivity model for antigenic peptide processing by ERAP2. In contrast to proposed models for the homologous ERAP1, no specific recognition of the peptide C terminus by ERAP2 was evident, consistent with functional differences in length selection and self-activation between these two enzymes. Our results suggest that ERAP2 selects substrates by sequestering them in its internal cavity and allowing opportunistic interactions to determine trimming rates, thus combining substrate permissiveness with sequence bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mpakali
- From the National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Petros Giastas
- From the National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Nikolas Mathioudakis
- From the National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Irene M Mavridis
- From the National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Saridakis
- From the National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- From the National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
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Liu Y, Li L, Shi S, Chen X, Gao J, Zhu M, Yuan J. Association study of ankylosing spondylitis and polymorphisms in ERAP1 gene in Zhejiang Han Chinese population. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:243-8. [PMID: 26350268 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility loci of ERAP1 polymorphisms have been found to be strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The researches in multiple ethnic cohorts suggested that the population attributable risk in ERAP1 polymorphisms is at a high significance level. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and incidence of subsets of AS and investigate the specific variants of ERAP1 polymorphisms in AS susceptibility, in the Han ethnic Chinese population in Zhejiang Province. AS patients were selected, diagnosed, and confirmed by a qualified rheumatologist. The basal clinical and demographic characteristics were compared with all subjects. Genotypes for eight selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1 gene (rs27038, rs27037, rs27434, rs27980, rs7711564, rs30187, rs10050860, and rs17482078) were determined by using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform in Zhejiang Han Chinese population. Association analyses were performed on the whole genotyped data set in 707 unrelated ankylosing spondylitis cases and 837 ethnically matched controls. We observed the strongest association between AS and HLA-B27, which confers over 90 % of ankylosing spondylitis cases. Moreover, we found three loci of ERAP1 polymorphisms were at a high significance level (rs27037 P = 0.00451; rs27434 P = 0.00012; rs27980 P = 0.00682) with AS in Zhejiang population. We also confirmed polymorphism locus of ERAP1 previously reported association with AS (rs27434; P = 5.3 × 10(-12)). Our results indicated a difference in the mechanism of susceptibility loci in subsets of Zhejiang Han Chinese population and provided further evidence that rs27434 is the key polymorphism associated with AS in ERAP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.2 Fuxue Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangda Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shanfen Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.2 Fuxue Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.2 Fuxue Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.2 Fuxue Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiandong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.2 Fuxue Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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