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Ternette N, Adamopoulou E, Purcell AW. How mass spectrometric interrogation of MHC class I ligandomes has advanced our understanding of immune responses to viruses. Semin Immunol 2023; 68:101780. [PMID: 37276649 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ternette
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37BN, UK.
| | - Eleni Adamopoulou
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37BN, UK
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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2
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Miranda-Katz M, Erickson JJ, Lan J, Ecker A, Zhang Y, Joyce S, Williams JV. Novel HLA-B7-restricted human metapneumovirus epitopes enhance viral clearance in mice and are recognized by human CD8 + T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20769. [PMID: 34675220 PMCID: PMC8531189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract illness in children and adults. Repeated infections are common and can be severe in young, elderly, and immunocompromised persons due to short-lived protective humoral immunity. In turn, few protective T cell epitopes have been identified in humans. Thus, we infected transgenic mice expressing the common human HLA MHC-I allele B*07:02 (HLA-B7) with HMPV and screened a robust library of overlapping and computationally predicted HLA-B7 binding peptides. Six HLA-B7-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified using ELISPOT screening in the F, M, and N proteins, with M195-203 (M195) eliciting the strongest responses. MHC-tetramer flow cytometric staining confirmed HLA-B7 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells migrated to lungs and spleen of HMPV-immune mice. Immunization with pooled HLA-B7-restricted peptides reduced viral titer and protected mice from virulent infection. Finally, we confirmed that CD8+ T cells from HLA-B7 positive humans also recognize the identified epitopes. These results enable identification of HMPV-specific CD8+ T cells in humans and help to inform future HMPV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Miranda-Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Rangos 9122, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - John J Erickson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Jie Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Rangos 9122, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Alwyn Ecker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Rangos 9122, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Rangos 9122, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (VI4), Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - John V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Rangos 9122, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in Children (i4Kids), Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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3
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Acid Stripping after Infection Improves the Detection of Viral HLA Class I Natural Ligands Identified by Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910503. [PMID: 34638844 PMCID: PMC8508920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of a natural human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligandome is a key element to understand the cellular immune response. Advanced high throughput mass spectrometry analyses identify a relevant, but not complete, fraction of the many tens of thousands of self-peptides generated by antigen processing in live cells. In infected cells, in addition to this complex HLA ligandome, a minority of peptides from degradation of the few proteins encoded by the viral genome are also bound to HLA class I molecules. In this study, the standard immunopeptidomics strategy was modified to include the classical acid stripping treatment after virus infection to enrich the HLA ligandome in virus ligands. Complexes of HLA-B*27:05-bound peptide pools were isolated from vaccinia virus (VACV)-infected cells treated with acid stripping after virus infection. The HLA class I ligandome was identified using high throughput mass spectrometry analyses, yielding 37 and 51 natural peptides processed and presented untreated and after acid stripping treatment VACV-infected human cells, respectively. Most of these virus ligands were identified in both conditions, but exclusive VACV ligands detected by mass spectrometry detected on acid stripping treatment doubled the number of those identified in the untreated VACV-infected condition. Theoretical binding affinity prediction of the VACV HLA-B*27:05 ligands and acute antiviral T cell response characterization in the HLA transgenic mice model showed no differences between HLA ligands identified under the two conditions: untreated and under acid stripping condition. These findings indicated that acid stripping treatment could be useful to identify HLA class I ligands from virus-infected cells.
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4
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Lorente E, Barnea E, Mir C, Admon A, López D. The HLA-DP peptide repertoire from human respiratory syncytial virus is focused on major structural proteins with the exception of the viral polymerase. J Proteomics 2020; 221:103759. [PMID: 32244010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recognition by specific T helper cells of viral antigenic peptides complexed with HLA class II molecules exposed on the surface of antigen presenting cells is the first step of the complex cascade of immunological events that generates the protective cellular and humoral immune responses. The HLA class II-restricted helper immune response is critical in the control and the clearance of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection, a pathogen with severe health risk in pediatric, immunocompromised and elderly populations. In this study, a mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify HRSV ligands bound to HLA-DP class II molecules present on the surface of HRSV-infected cells. Among the thousands of cellular peptides bound to HLA class II proteins in the virus-infected cells, sixty-four naturally processed viral ligands, most of them included in complex nested set of peptides, were identified bound to HLA-DP molecules. These viral ligands arose from five of six major structural HRSV proteins: attachment, fusion, matrix, nucleoprotein, and phosphoprotein. In contrast, no HLA-DP ligands were identified from polymerase protein, the largest HRSV protein that includes half of the viral proteome. These findings have important implications for analysis of the helper immune response as for antiviral vaccine design. SIGNIFICANCE: The existence of a supertype including five alleles that bind a peptide repertoire very similar make HLA-DP class II molecules an interesting target for the design of vaccines. Here, we analyze the HLA-DP-restricted peptide repertoire against the human respiratory syncytial virus, a pathogen that represents a high health risk in infected pediatric, immunocompromised and elderly populations. This repertoire is focused on major structural proteins with the exception of the viral polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid) 28220, Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Carmen Mir
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid) 28220, Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid) 28220, Spain.
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5
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Lorente E, Fontela MG, Barnea E, Martín-Galiano AJ, Mir C, Galocha B, Admon A, Lauzurica P, López D. Modulation of Natural HLA-B*27:05 Ligandome by Ankylosing Spondylitis-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2). Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:994-1004. [PMID: 32265295 PMCID: PMC7261815 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HLA-B*27:05 allele and the endoplasmic reticulum-resident aminopeptidases are strongly associated with AS, a chronic inflammatory spondyloarthropathy. This study examined the effect of ERAP2 in the generation of the natural HLA-B*27:05 ligandome in live cells. Complexes of HLA-B*27:05-bound peptide pools were isolated from human ERAP2-edited cell clones, and the peptides were identified using high-throughput mass spectrometry analyses. The relative abundance of a thousand ligands was established by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. The residue frequencies at different peptide position, identified in the presence or absence of ERAP2, determined structural features of ligands and their interactions with specific pockets of the antigen-binding site of the HLA-B*27:05 molecule. Sequence alignment of ligands identified with species of bacteria associated with HLA-B*27-dependent reactive arthritis was performed. In the absence of ERAP2, peptides with N-terminal basic residues and minority canonical P2 residues are enriched in the natural ligandome. Further, alterations of residue frequencies and hydrophobicity profile at P3, P7, and PΩ positions were detected. In addition, several ERAP2-dependent cellular peptides were highly similar to protein sequences of arthritogenic bacteria, including one human HLA-B*27:05 ligand fully conserved in a protein from Campylobacter jejuni These findings highlight the pathogenic role of this aminopeptidase in the triggering of AS autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Miguel G Fontela
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Carmen Mir
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Begoña Galocha
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Pilar Lauzurica
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
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6
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Lorente E, Barriga A, Barnea E, Palomo C, García-Arriaza J, Mir C, Esteban M, Admon A, López D. Immunoproteomic analysis of a Chikungunya poxvirus-based vaccine reveals high HLA class II immunoprevalence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007547. [PMID: 31276466 PMCID: PMC6636782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient adaptive antiviral cellular and humoral immune responses require previous recognition of viral antigenic peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II molecules, which are exposed on the surface of infected and antigen presenting cells, respectively. The HLA-restricted immune response to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne Alphavirus of the Togaviridae family responsible for severe chronic polyarthralgia and polyarthritis, is largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, a high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis of complex HLA-bound peptide pools isolated from large amounts of human cells infected with a vaccinia virus (VACV) recombinant expressing CHIKV structural proteins was carried out. Twelve viral ligands from the CHIKV polyprotein naturally presented by different HLA-A, -B, and -C class I, and HLA-DR and -DP class II molecules were identified. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The immunoprevalence of the HLA class II but not the HLA class I-restricted cellular immune response against the CHIKV structural polyprotein was greater than that against the VACV vector itself. In addition, most of the CHIKV HLA class I and II ligands detected by mass spectrometry are not conserved compared to its closely related O'nyong-nyong virus. These findings have clear implications for analysis of both cytotoxic and helper immune responses against CHIKV as well as for the future studies focused in the exacerbated T helper response linked to chronic musculoskeletal disorders in CHIKV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Concepción Palomo
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mir
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Presentación y Regulación Inmunes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
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7
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Becerra-Artiles A, Cruz J, Leszyk JD, Sidney J, Sette A, Shaffer SA, Stern LJ. Naturally processed HLA-DR3-restricted HHV-6B peptides are recognized broadly with polyfunctional and cytotoxic CD4 T-cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1167-1185. [PMID: 31020640 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human herpes virus 6B (HHV-6B) is a widespread virus that infects most people early in infancy and establishes a chronic life-long infection with periodic reactivation. CD4 T cells have been implicated in control of HHV-6B, but antigenic targets and functional characteristics of the CD4 T-cell response are poorly understood. We identified 25 naturally processed MHC-II peptides, derived from six different HHV-6B proteins, and showed that they were recognized by CD4 T-cell responses in HLA-matched donors. The peptides were identified by mass spectrometry after elution from HLA-DR molecules isolated from HHV-6B-infected T cells. The peptides showed strong binding to matched HLA alleles and elicited recall T-cell responses in vitro. T-cell lines expanded in vitro were used for functional characterization of the response. Responding cells were mainly CD3+ CD4+ , produced IFN-γ, TNF-α, and low levels of IL-2, alone or in combination, highlighting the presence of polyfunctional T cells in the overall response. Many of the responding cells mobilized CD107a, stored granzyme B, and mediated specific killing of peptide-pulsed target cells. These results highlight a potential role for polyfunctional cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the long-term control of HHV-6B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - John D Leszyk
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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8
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López D, Barriga A, Lorente E, Mir C. Immunoproteomic Lessons for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Design. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E486. [PMID: 30974886 PMCID: PMC6518116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses require prior recognition of antigenic peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Both the helper and the cytotoxic immune responses are critical for the control and the clearance of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection, which is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infected pediatric, immunocompromised and elderly populations. In this article we review the immunoproteomics studies which have defined the general antigen processing and presentation rules that determine both the immunoprevalence and the immunodominance of the cellular immune response to HRSV. Mass spectrometry and functional analyses have shown that the HLA class I and II cellular immune responses against HRSV are mainly focused on three viral proteins: fusion, matrix, and nucleoprotein. Thus, these studies have important implications for vaccine development against this virus, since a vaccine construct including these three relevant HRSV proteins could efficiently stimulate the major components of the adaptive immune system: humoral, helper, and cytotoxic effector immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Elena Lorente
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Carmen Mir
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
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9
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Lorente E, Martín-Galiano AJ, Barnea E, Barriga A, Palomo C, García-Arriaza J, Mir C, Lauzurica P, Esteban M, Admon A, López D. Proteomics Analysis Reveals That Structural Proteins of the Virion Core and Involved in Gene Expression Are the Main Source for HLA Class II Ligands in Vaccinia Virus-Infected Cells. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:900-911. [PMID: 30629447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protective cellular and humoral immune responses require previous recognition of viral antigenic peptides complexed with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules on the surface of the antigen presenting cells. The HLA class II-restricted immune response is important for the control and the clearance of poxvirus infection including vaccinia virus (VACV), the vaccine used in the worldwide eradication of smallpox. In this study, a mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify VACV ligands bound to HLA-DR and -DP class II molecules present on the surface of VACV-infected cells. Twenty-six naturally processed viral ligands among the tens of thousands of cell peptides bound to HLA class II proteins were identified. These viral ligands arose from 19 parental VACV proteins: A4, A5, A18, A35, A38, B5, B13, D1, D5, D7, D12, D13, E3, E8, H5, I2, I3, J2, and K2. The majority of these VACV proteins yielded one HLA ligand and were generated mainly, but not exclusively, by the classical HLA class II antigen processing pathway. Medium-sized and abundant proteins from the virion core and/or involved in the viral gene expression were the major source of VACV ligands bound to HLA-DR and -DP class II molecules. These findings will help to understand the effectiveness of current poxvirus-based vaccines and will be important in the design of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , 32000 Haifa , Israel
| | | | | | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | | | | | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , 32000 Haifa , Israel
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10
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Lorente E, Barriga A, Barnea E, Mir C, Gebe JA, Admon A, López D. Structural and Nonstructural Viral Proteins Are Targets of T-Helper Immune Response against Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2141-51. [PMID: 27090790 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses require previous recognition of viral antigenic peptides that are bound to HLA class II molecules, which are exposed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. The helper immune response is critical for the control and the clearance of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection, a virus with severe health risk in infected pediatric, immunocompromised, and elderly populations. In this study, using a mass spectrometry analysis of complex HLA class II-bound peptide pools that were isolated from large amounts of HRSV-infected cells, 19 naturally processed HLA-DR ligands, most of them included in a complex nested set of peptides, were identified. Both the immunoprevalence and the immunodominance of the HLA class II response to HRSV were focused on one nonstructural (NS1) and two structural (matrix and mainly fusion) proteins of the infective virus. These findings have clear implications for analysis of the helper immune response as well as for antiviral vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- §Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Carmen Mir
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - John A Gebe
- ¶Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Arie Admon
- §Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel López
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain,
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11
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Burbulla D, Günther PS, Peper JK, Jahn G, Dennehy KM. Human CD8(+) T Cells Target Multiple Epitopes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Polymerase. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:307-14. [PMID: 27070377 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a serious health problem in young children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. The development of novel prevention strategies, such as a vaccine to RSV, is a high priority. One strategy is to design a peptide-based vaccine that activates appropriate CD8(+) T-cell responses. However, this approach is limited by the low number of RSV peptide epitopes defined to date that activate CD8(+) T cells. We aimed to identify peptide epitopes that are presented by common human leukocyte antigen types (HLA-A*01, -A*02, and -B*07). We identify one novel HLA-A*02-restricted and two novel HLA-A*01-restricted peptide epitopes from RSV polymerase. Peptide-HLA multimer staining of specific T cells from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cell, the memory phenotype of such peptide-specific T cells ex vivo, and functional IFNγ responses in short-term stimulation assays suggest that these peptides are recognized during RSV infection. Such peptides are candidates for inclusion into a peptide-based RSV vaccine designed to stimulate defined CD8(+) T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burbulla
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick S Günther
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet K Peper
- 2 Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahn
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kevin M Dennehy
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Johnstone C, Lorente E, Barriga A, Barnea E, Infantes S, Lemonnier FA, David CS, Admon A, López D. The viral transcription group determines the HLA class I cellular immune response against human respiratory syncytial virus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:893-904. [PMID: 25635267 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated killing of virus-infected cells requires previous recognition of short viral antigenic peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen class I molecules that are exposed on the surface of infected cells. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response is critical for the clearance of human respiratory syncytial virus infection. In this study, naturally processed viral human leukocyte antigen class I ligands were identified with mass spectrometry analysis of complex human leukocyte antigen-bound peptide pools isolated from large amounts of human respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. Acute antiviral T-cell response characterization showed that viral transcription determines both the immunoprevalence and immunodominance of the human leukocyte antigen class I response to human respiratory syncytial virus. These findings have clear implications for antiviral vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Johnstone
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Lorente
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- §Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Susana Infantes
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - François A Lemonnier
- ¶Unité d'Immunité Cellulaire Antivirale, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Chella S David
- ‖Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Arie Admon
- §Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel López
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain;
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Barriga A, Lorente E, Johnstone C, Mir C, del Val M, López D. A common minimal motif for the ligands of HLA-B*27 class I molecules. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106772. [PMID: 25268942 PMCID: PMC4182091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells identify and kill infected cells through the specific recognition of short viral antigens bound to human major histocompatibility complex (HLA) class I molecules. The colossal number of polymorphisms in HLA molecules makes it essential to characterize the antigen-presenting properties common to large HLA families or supertypes. In this context, the HLA-B*27 family comprising at least 100 different alleles, some of them widely distributed in the human population, is involved in the cellular immune response against pathogens and also associated to autoimmune spondyloarthritis being thus a relevant target of study. To this end, HLA binding assays performed using nine HLA-B*2705-restricted ligands endogenously processed and presented in virus-infected cells revealed a common minimal peptide motif for efficient binding to the HLA-B*27 family. The motif was independently confirmed using four unrelated peptides. This experimental approach, which could be easily transferred to other HLA class I families and supertypes, has implications for the validation of new bioinformatics tools in the functional clustering of HLA molecules, for the identification of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Barriga
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lorente
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Johnstone
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mir
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita del Val
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Medina-Armenteros Y, Farinha-Arcieri LE, Braga CJM, Carromeu C, Tamura RE, Ventura AM. Mapping of CD8 T cell epitopes in human respiratory syncytial virus L protein. Intervirology 2014; 57:55-64. [PMID: 24480928 DOI: 10.1159/000357325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since it has been reported that in humans there is a relationship between human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and symptom reduction, and that the polymerase (structural L protein) is highly conserved among different strains, this work aimed to identify the CD8 T cell epitopes H-2(d) restricted within the L sequence for immunization purposes. METHODS We screened the hRSV strain A2 L protein sequence using two independent algorithms, SYFPEITHI and PRED/(BALB/c), to predict CD8 T cell epitopes. The selected peptides were synthesized and used to immunize BALB/c mice for the evaluation of T cell response. The production of IFN-γ from splenocytes of hRSV-infected animals stimulated by these peptides was assayed by ELISPOT. RESULTS Nine peptides showing the best binding scores to the BALB/c MHC-I molecules (H-2K(d), L(d) and D(d)) were selected. Sequence homology analysis showed that these sequences are conserved among different hRSV strains. Two of these peptides induced significant IFN-γ production by ex vivo-stimulated T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the hRSV L protein contains H-2(d)-restricted epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordanka Medina-Armenteros
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Lorente E, Barriga A, Johnstone C, Mir C, Jiménez M, López D. Concerted in vitro trimming of viral HLA-B27-restricted ligands by human ERAP1 and ERAP2 aminopeptidases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79596. [PMID: 24223975 PMCID: PMC3815102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen processing and presentation pathway, the antigenic peptides are generated from viral proteins by multiple proteolytic cleavages of the proteasome (and in some cases other cytosolic proteases) and transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen where they are exposed to aminopeptidase activity. In human cells, two different ER-resident enzymes, ERAP1 and ERAP2, can trim the N-terminally extended residues of peptide precursors. In this study, the possible cooperative effect of generating five naturally processed HLA-B27 ligands by both proteases was analyzed. We identified differences in the products obtained with increased detection of natural HLA-B27 ligands by comparing double versus single enzyme digestions by mass spectrometry analysis. These in vitro data suggest that each enzyme can use the degradation products of the other as a substrate for new N-terminal trimming, indicating concerted aminoproteolytic activity of ERAP 1 and ERAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Johnstone
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mir
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lorente E, Infantes S, Barnea E, Beer I, Barriga A, García-Medel N, Lasala F, Jiménez M, Admon A, López D. Diversity of natural self-derived ligands presented by different HLA class I molecules in transporter antigen processing-deficient cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59118. [PMID: 23555621 PMCID: PMC3608615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) translocates the cytosol-derived proteolytic peptides to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen where they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. Non-functional TAP complexes and viral or tumoral blocking of these transporters leads to reduced HLA class I surface expression and a drastic change in the available peptide repertoire. Using mass spectrometry to analyze complex human leukocyte antigen HLA-bound peptide pools isolated from large numbers of TAP-deficient cells, we identified 334 TAP-independent ligands naturally presented by four different HLA-A, -B, and -C class I molecules with very different TAP dependency from the same cell line. The repertoire of TAP-independent peptides examined favored increased peptide lengths and a lack of strict binding motifs for all four HLA class I molecules studied. The TAP-independent peptidome arose from 182 parental proteins, the majority of which yielded one HLA ligand. In contrast, TAP-independent antigen processing of very few cellular proteins generated multiple HLA ligands. Comparison between TAP-independent peptidome and proteome of several subcellular locations suggests that the secretory vesicle-like organelles could be a relevant source of parental proteins for TAP-independent HLA ligands. Finally, a predominant endoproteolytic peptidase specificity for Arg/Lys or Leu/Phe residues in the P(1) position of the scissile bond was found for the TAP-independent ligands. These data draw a new and intricate picture of TAP-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico-Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Infantes
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico-Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Beer
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico-Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noel García-Medel
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Lasala
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Jiménez
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico-Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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17
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Infantes S, Lorente E, Barnea E, Beer I, Barriga A, Lasala F, Jiménez M, Admon A, López D. Natural HLA-B*2705 protein ligands with glutamine as anchor motif: implications for HLA-B27 association with spondyloarthropathy. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10882-9. [PMID: 23430249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The presentation of short viral peptide antigens by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on cell surfaces is a key step in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which mediate the killing of pathogen-infected cells or initiate autoimmune tissue damage. HLA-B27 is a well known class I molecule that is used to study both facets of the cellular immune response. Using mass spectrometry analysis of complex HLA-bound peptide pools isolated from large amounts of HLA-B*2705(+) cells, we identified 200 naturally processed HLA-B*2705 ligands. Our analyses revealed that a change in the position (P) 2 anchor motif was detected in the 3% of HLA-B*2705 ligands identified. B*2705 class I molecules were able to bind these six GlnP2 peptides, which showed significant homology to pathogenic bacterial sequences, with a broad range of affinities. One of these ligands was able to bind with distinct conformations to HLA-B27 subtypes differentially associated with ankylosing spondylitis. These conformational differences could be sufficient to initiate autoimmune damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis-associated subtypes. Therefore, these kinds of peptides (short, with GlnP2, and similar low affinity to all HLA-B27 subtypes tested but with unlike conformations in differentially ankylosing spondylitis-associated subtypes) must not be excluded from future researches involving potential arthritogenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Infantes
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
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Lorente E, Infantes S, Abia D, Barnea E, Beer I, García R, Lasala F, Jiménez M, Mir C, Morreale A, Admon A, López D. A viral, transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-independent, high affinity ligand with alternative interactions endogenously presented by the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen E class I molecule. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34895-34903. [PMID: 22927436 PMCID: PMC3471699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.362293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) enables the flow of viral peptides generated in the cytosol by the proteasome and other proteases to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. Later, these peptide-HLA class I complexes can be recognized by CD8(+) lymphocytes. Cancerous cells and infected cells in which TAP is blocked, as well as individuals with unusable TAP complexes, are able to present peptides on HLA class I by generating them through TAP-independent processing pathways. Here, we identify a physiologically processed HLA-E ligand derived from the D8L protein in TAP-deficient vaccinia virus-infected cells. This natural high affinity HLA-E class I ligand uses alternative interactions to the anchor motifs previously described to be presented on nonclassical HLA class I molecules. This octameric peptide was also presented on HLA-Cw1 with similar binding affinity on both classical and nonclassical class I molecules. In addition, this viral peptide inhibits HLA-E-mediated cytolysis by natural killer cells. Comparison between the amino acid sequences of the presenting HLA-E and HLA-Cw1 alleles revealed a shared structural motif in both HLA class molecules, which could be related to their observed similar cross-reactivity affinities. This motif consists of several residues located on the floor of the peptide-binding site. These data expand the role of HLA-E as an antigen-presenting molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Infantes
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Beer
- IBM Haifa Research Lab, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Ruth García
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Lasala
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mir
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Morreale
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Multiple viral ligands naturally presented by different class I molecules in transporter antigen processing-deficient vaccinia virus-infected cells. J Virol 2011; 86:527-41. [PMID: 22031944 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05737-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) delivers the viral proteolytic products generated by the proteasome in the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen that are subsequently recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, several viral epitopes have been identified in TAP-deficient models. Using mass spectrometry to analyze complex human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-bound peptide pools isolated from large numbers of TAP-deficient vaccinia virus-infected cells, we identified 11 ligands naturally presented by four different HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C class I molecules. Two of these ligands were presented by two different HLA class I alleles, and, as a result, 13 different HLA-peptide complexes were formed simultaneously in the same vaccinia virus-infected cells. In addition to the high-affinity ligands, one low-affinity peptide restricted by each of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C class I molecules was identified. Both high- and low-affinity ligands generated long-term memory CTL responses to vaccinia virus in an HLA-A2-transgenic mouse model. The processing and presentation of two vaccinia virus-encoded HLA-A2-restricted antigens took place via proteasomal and nonproteasomal pathways, which were blocked in infected cells with chemical inhibitors specific for different subsets of metalloproteinases. These data have implications for the study of the effectiveness of early empirical vaccination with cowpox virus against smallpox disease.
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TAP-independent human histocompatibility complex-Cw1 antigen processing of an HIV envelope protein conserved peptide. AIDS 2011; 25:265-9. [PMID: 21099670 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328340fe3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with nonfunctional transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) complexes are not particularly susceptible to viral infections or neoplasms. Therefore, their immune system must be reasonably efficient, and the present, though reduced, cytolytic CD8 αβ T subpopulation specific for TAP-independent antigens may be sufficient to establish an immune defense protecting against viral infections in these individuals. The objective of the present study was to identify TAP-independent ligands from HIV gp160 protein. An analysis and comparison of complex human histocompatibility complex (HLA)-bound peptide pools isolated from large quantities of healthy or HIV gp160-expressing human cells was performed using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools. A conserved TAP-independent HLA peptide ligand endogenously processed and presented in infected human cells was identified. This ligand originates from the envelope protein bound to the HLA-Cw1 class I molecule with high affinity. It was concluded that HLA class I peptides derived from a large fraction of the N-terminal HIV envelope protein could be presented even in the absence of the TAP complex.
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Abstract
This article summarizes the proceedings of a one-day international workshop held in July 2009 on the role of HLA-B27 in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related disorders. HLA-B27 is found in about 90% of patients with AS, with an odds ratio of about 100, but the mechanism underlying this association is not known. There are currently 3 major mechanistic hypotheses for this association: (1) T cell recognition of one or more B27 presented peptides; (2) B27 heavy-chain misfolding that induces an unfolded protein response; and (3) innate immune recognition of cell-surface expressed B27 heavy-chain dimers. None of these hypotheses accounts for the tissue specificity of the inflammation characteristic of AS. These hypotheses were discussed in the context of known epidemiologic, biochemical, structural, and immunologic differences among HLA-B27 subtypes; data from the HLA-B27 transgenic rat model of spondyloarthritis; the growing list of other genes that have been found to be associated with AS; and other data on the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Proposed directions for future research include expanded efforts to define similarities and differences among the B27 subtypes; further development of animal models; identifying the interactions of B27 with the products of other genes associated with AS; and continued investigation into the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.
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Infantes S, Samino Y, Lorente E, Jiménez M, García R, Del Val M, López D. H-2Ld class I molecule protects an HIV N-extended epitope from in vitro trimming by endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:3351-5. [PMID: 20200278 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the classical MHC class I Ag presentation pathway, antigenic peptides derived from viral proteins by multiple proteolytic cleavages are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and are then exposed to ami-nopeptidase activity. In the current study, a long MHC class I natural ligand recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes was used to study the kinetics of degradation by aminopeptidase. The in vitro data indicate that this N-extended peptide is efficiently trimmed to a 9-mer, unless its binding to the MHC molecules protects the full-length peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Infantes
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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