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Dos Santos FM, Ciordia S, Mesquita J, de Sousa JPC, Paradela A, Tomaz CT, Passarinha LAP. Vitreous humor proteome: unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying proliferative and neovascular vitreoretinal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:22. [PMID: 36585968 PMCID: PMC11072707 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are among the leading causes of blindness. Due to the multifactorial nature of these vitreoretinal diseases, omics approaches are essential for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiologic processes underlying the evolution to a proliferative or neovascular etiology, in which patients suffer from an abrupt loss of vision. For many years, it was thought that the function of the vitreous was merely structural, supporting and protecting the surrounding ocular tissues. Proteomics studies proved that vitreous is more complex and biologically active than initially thought, and its changes reflect the physiological and pathological state of the eye. The vitreous is the scenario of a complex interplay between inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Vitreous proteome not only reflects the pathological events that occur in the retina, but the changes in the vitreous itself play a central role in the onset and progression of vitreoretinal diseases. Therefore, this review offers an overview of the studies on the vitreous proteome that could help to elucidate some of the pathological mechanisms underlying proliferative and/or neovascular vitreoretinal diseases and to find new potential pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Milhano Dos Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Castro de Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, 2410-197, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Unidad de Proteomica, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís António Paulino Passarinha
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- Pharmaco-Toxicology Laboratory, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Mason RH, Minaker SA, Lahaie Luna G, Bapat P, Farahvash A, Garg A, Bhambra N, Muni RH. Changes in aqueous and vitreous inflammatory cytokine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2022:10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x. [PMID: 35672457 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, where in its most advanced form ischemic changes lead to the development of retinal neovascularization, termed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). While the development of PDR is often associated with angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, studies differ on which cytokines are implicated in disease pathogenesis and on the strength of these associations. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the existing body of data on intraocular cytokines as biomarkers in PDR. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature without year limitation was conducted to January 18, 2021, which identified 341 studies assessing vitreous or aqueous cytokine levels in PDR, accounting for 10379 eyes with PDR and 6269 eyes from healthy controls. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) of cytokine concentrations between PDR and control patients. RESULTS Concentrations (SMD, 95% confidence interval, and p-value) of aqueous IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF, and vitreous IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, angiopoietin-2, eotaxin, erythropoietin, GM-CSF, GRO, HMGB-1, IFN-γ, IGF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, MMP-9, PDGF-AA, PlGF, sCD40L, SDF-1, sICAM-1, sVEGFR, TIMP, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly higher in patients with PDR when compared to healthy nondiabetic controls. For all other cytokines no differences, failed sensitivity analyses or insufficient data were found. CONCLUSIONS This extensive list of cytokines speaks to the complexity of PDR pathogenesis, and informs future investigations into disease pathogenesis, prognosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Mason
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel A Minaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Priya Bapat
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Farahvash
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anubhav Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishaant Bhambra
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajeev H Muni
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto/Kensington Health Ophthalmology Biobank and Cytokine Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Cytokine Levels in Human Vitreous in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051069. [PMID: 33946446 PMCID: PMC8147162 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compare the vitreous cytokine profile in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) to that of patients without PDR. The identification of novel cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of PDR provides candidate therapeutic targets that may stand alone or work synergistically with current therapies in the management of diabetic retinopathy. Undiluted vitreous humor specimens were collected from 74 patients undergoing vitrectomy for various vitreoretinal disorders. Quantitative immunoassay was performed for a panel of 36 neuroinflammatory cytokines in each specimen and assessed to identify differences between PDR (n = 35) and non-PDR (n = 39) patients. Levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-15, IL-16, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-D, c-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) were significantly increased in the vitreous of PDR patients compared to non-PDR patients (p < 0.05). We report novel increases in IL-15 and IL-16, in addition to the expected VEGF, in the human vitreous humor of patients with PDR. Additionally, we confirm the elevation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SAA, IL-8 and CRP in the vitreous of patients with PDR, which has previously been described.
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Vinekar A, Nair AP, Sinha S, Vaidya T, Chakrabarty K, Shetty R, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Tear Fluid Angiogenic Factors: Potential Noninvasive Biomarkers for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in Preterm Infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:2. [PMID: 33646290 PMCID: PMC7938022 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the status of proangiogenic factors in the tear fluid of preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods Preterm infants (n = 36) undergoing routine ROP screening included in the prospective study were categorized as No-ROP (n = 13, no ROP at any visits), ROP (if ROP was present at first visit; n = 18), or No-ROP to ROP (no disease at first visit, but developed ROP subsequently; n = 5). Infants with ROP were also grouped as progressing (n = 7) and regressing (n = 16) based on ROP evolution between the first and subsequent visits. Schirmer's strips were used to collect tear fluid and proangiogenic factors (VEGF, angiogenin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, and fractalkine) levels (in picograms per milliliter) in tear fluid were measured by multiplex ELISA. Results Lower levels of VEGF (135 ± 69; mean ± standard deviation) and higher levels of angiogenin (6568 ± 4975) were observed in infants with ROP compared with infants without ROP (172.5 ± 54.0; 4139 ± 3909) at the first visit. Significantly lower levels of VEGF were observed in the No-ROP to ROP group compared with the No-ROP and ROP groups. The VEGF and angiogenin levels at the first visit were significantly lower in infants with ROP with progressing disease. Angiogenin levels negatively correlated with birth weight and gestational age in ROP. The area under the curve (AUC) and odds ratio (OR) analysis demonstrated that angiogenin/birth weight (AUC = 0.776; OR, 8.6); angiogenin/gestational age (AUC = 0.706; OR, 7.3) and Angiogenin/VEGF (AUC = 0.806; OR, 14.3) ratios were able to differentiated preterm infants with and without ROP. Conclusions The association between angiogenin and ROP suggests its possible role in ROP. The ratio of angiogenin level with birth weight, gestational age, and/or VEGF could serve as a potential noninvasive screening biomarker for ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Vinekar
- Department of Pediatric Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Archana Padmanabhan Nair
- GROW Research Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shivani Sinha
- Department of Pediatric Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Research Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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5
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Turan M, Turan G. Immunoreactivity of ICAM-1, MMP-2, and Nesfatin-1 in lens epithelial cells of patients with diabetes mellitus with or without diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 32:255-262. [PMID: 33100052 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120966559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and nesfatin-1 in cataract lens epithelial cells (LECs) of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to investigate the relationship of these markers with DM cataract and diabetic retinopathy (DR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups (n = 30): Group 1 (control; patients without DM or DR); Group 2 (patients with DM only), and Group 3 (patients with both DM and DR). Lens capsule samples were collected during intraoperative cataract surgery. Samples were immunohistochemically stained for MMP-2, ICAM-1, and nesfatin-1 and their immunoreactivity was evaluated. The number of immunoreactive cells was determined with a microscope at ×400 magnification. RESULTS Increased MMP-2 and ICAM-1 immunoreactivity was detected in the LECs of patients with DM, and especially in patients with DR (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity was significantly lower in LECs of diabetic patients (p < 0.001). The mean of MMP-2 immunoreactive cells were 7.47 ± 8.18, 22.80 ± 15.70, and 34.80 ± 20.85 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean of ICAM-1 immunoreactive cells were 17.10 ± 9.83, 38.50 ± 23.55, and 56.93 ± 20.94 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION Nesfatin-1, MMP-2, and ICAM-1 and could potentially play important roles in the pathogenesis of cataracts in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meydan Turan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Balikesir Ataturk City Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Gulay Turan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
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Li Y, Alhendi AMN, Yeh MC, Elahy M, Santiago FS, Deshpande NP, Wu B, Chan E, Inam S, Prado-Lourenco L, Marchand J, Joyce RD, Wilkinson-White LE, Raftery MJ, Zhu M, Adamson SJ, Barnat F, Viaud-Quentric K, Sockler J, Mackay JP, Chang A, Mitchell P, Marcuccio SM, Khachigian LM. Thermostable small-molecule inhibitor of angiogenesis and vascular permeability that suppresses a pERK-FosB/ΔFosB-VCAM-1 axis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7815. [PMID: 32923607 PMCID: PMC7450479 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular permeability and angiogenesis underpin neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. While anti-VEGF therapies are widely used clinically, many patients do not respond optimally, or at all, and small-molecule therapies are lacking. Here, we identified a dibenzoxazepinone BT2 that inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration, wound repair in vitro, network formation, and angiogenesis in mice bearing Matrigel plugs. BT2 interacts with MEK1 and inhibits ERK phosphorylation and the expression of FosB/ΔFosB, VCAM-1, and many genes involved in proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation. BT2 reduced retinal vascular leakage following rat choroidal laser trauma and rabbit intravitreal VEGF-A165 administration. BT2 suppressed retinal CD31, pERK, VCAM-1, and VEGF-A165 expression. BT2 reduced retinal leakage in rats at least as effectively as aflibercept, a first-line therapy for nAMD/DR. BT2 withstands boiling or autoclaving and several months' storage at 22°C. BT2 is a new small-molecule inhibitor of vascular permeability and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ahmad M. N. Alhendi
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mei-Chun Yeh
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mina Elahy
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fernando S. Santiago
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nandan P. Deshpande
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Wu
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Enoch Chan
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shafqat Inam
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Leonel Prado-Lourenco
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Marchand
- Advanced Molecular Technologies Pty Ltd, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia
| | - Rohan D. Joyce
- Advanced Molecular Technologies Pty Ltd, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia
| | | | - Mark J. Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Meidong Zhu
- New South Wales Tissue Bank, New South Wales Organ and Tissue Donation Service, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- GreenLight Clinical Pty. Ltd., Woolloomooloo, NSW 2011, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jim Sockler
- Statistical Operations and Programming, Datapharm Australia Pty. Ltd., Drummoyne, NSW 2047, Australia
| | - Joel P. Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Chang
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- GreenLight Clinical Pty. Ltd., Woolloomooloo, NSW 2011, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney NSW 2000 and University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sebastian M. Marcuccio
- Advanced Molecular Technologies Pty Ltd, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Levon M. Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Chaudhary R, Scott RAH, Wallace G, Berry M, Logan A, Blanch RJ. Inflammatory and Fibrogenic Factors in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Development. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:23. [PMID: 32742753 PMCID: PMC7357815 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) occurs in 5%-10% of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment cases and is the principle cause for failure of retinal reattachment surgery. Although there are a number of surgical adjunctive agents available for preventing the development of PVR, all have limited efficacy. Discovering predictive molecular biomarkers to determine the probability of PVR development after retinal reattachment surgery will allow better patient stratification for more targeted drug evaluations. Methods Narrative literature review. Results We provide a summary of the inflammatory and fibrogenic factors found in ocular fluid samples during the development of retinal detachment and PVR and discuss their possible use as molecular PVR predictive biomarkers. Conclusions Studies monitoring the levels of the above factors have found that few if any have predictive biomarker value, suggesting that widening the phenotype of potential factors and a combinatorial approach are required to determine predictive biomarkers for PVR. Translational Relevance The identification of relevant biomarkers relies on an understanding of disease signaling pathways derived from basic science research. We discuss the extent to which those molecules identified as biomarkers and predictors of PVR relate to disease pathogenesis and could function as useful disease predictors. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ number, UMIN000005604).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Chaudhary
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK.,Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Graham Wallace
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Yoshida S, Murata M, Noda K, Matsuda T, Saito M, Saito W, Kanda A, Ishida S. Proteolytic cleavage of vascular adhesion protein-1 induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal capillary endothelial cells. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018; 62:256-264. [PMID: 29392528 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-017-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1) accumulation induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). STUDY DESIGN Experimental. METHODS Protein levels of sVAP-1 and N epsilon-(hexanoyl)lysine (HEL), an oxidative stress marker, in the vitreous samples from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with or without intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection were determined by ELISA. The effect of VEGF on both mRNA expression of Vap-1 and secretion of sVAP-1 in rat retinal capillary endothelial cells (TR-iBRB2) was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. In addition, the impact of VEGF on production and activation ratios of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was examined by gelatin zymography. Hydrogen peroxide production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed in the supernatants of TR-iBRB2 cells treated with VEGF. RESULTS IVB injection decreased vitreous levels of sVAP-1 and HEL in patients with PDR. VEGF stimulation released sVAP-1 protein from TR-iBRB2 cells as a consequence of membrane-anchored VAP-1 shedding by MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, VEGF increased hydrogen peroxide generation and ROS augmentation through spermine oxidation by sVAP-1 as semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) in the supernatant of cultured endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The current data demonstrate that proangiogenic factor VEGF induces sVAP-1 release from retinal capillary endothelial cells and facilitates hydrogen peroxide generation via enzymatic property of sVAP-1, followed by the increase of oxidative stress, one of the crucial factors in the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Yoshida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Miyuki Murata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Wataru Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Zhang J, Yang J, Huang T, Shu Y, Chen L. Identification of novel proliferative diabetic retinopathy related genes on protein–protein interaction network. Neurocomputing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Liu K, Liu H, Zhang Z, Ye W, Xu X. The role of N-glycosylation in high glucose-induced upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on bovine retinal endothelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:353-7. [PMID: 27151646 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of diabetic retinopathy has been implicated as a consequence of chronic inflammation. Given the role of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in inflammation, the potential effect of N-glycosylation on the upregulated expression of ICAM-1 at the surface of bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs) induced by high glucose concentrations was investigated. METHODS Gene and protein expression of ICAM-1 in primary BRECs cultured in medium containing increasing concentrations of mannose or glucose in the presence or absence of tunicamycin were studied with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, and the expression level of ICAM-1 at the surface of BRECs was examined with an immunofluorescence analysis. A lectin blot assay with PHA-L was performed to explore the level of N-glycans on cell total proteins or immunoprecipitated ICAM-1 from cells treated or untreated with high glucose. RESULTS Both the mRNA and protein levels of ICAM-1, as well as the level of ICAM-1 on the cell surface, were significantly upregulated by increasing the concentration of glucose in the culture medium, with a peak concentration of 20 mm. Consistent with these results, a dramatic increase in the N-glycosylation of ICAM-1 in BRECs cultured with a high concentration of glucose was observed, which could be partially attenuated by tunicamycin treatment. CONCLUSION High glucose-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 on the surface of BRECs could be ascribed to the alterations in its N-glycosylation at least in part, indicating that interference with the glycosylation of ICAM-1 may contribute to improving the efficiency of current therapies with diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Shanghai General Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Shanghai General Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Shanghai General Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Shanghai General Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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Lv Z, Li Y, Wu Y, Qu Y. Association of ICAM-1 and HMGA1 Gene Variants with Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Chinese Individuals. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:1118-1122. [PMID: 26717491 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1094093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of intercellular cell-adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene variants with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cohort. METHODS A total of 792 patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorized into two groups: (1) the DR group consisted of 448 patients, which was further subclassified into the proliferative DR (PDR) group with 220 patients and the nonproliferative DR (NPDR) group with 228 patients; (2) the diabetes without retinopathy (DNR) group comprised 344 patients who had no signs of DR. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs5498 in ICAM-1 gene and IVS5-13insC variant in HMGA1 gene were genotyped. RESULTS No evident association was found in the allele frequencies between SNP rs5498 in ICAM-1 gene and DR patients; the combined p values for the additive, dominant, and recessive models in genotype were greater than 0.05. No significant association was identified between the IVS5-13insC variant in HMGA1 gene and DR individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that SNP rs5498 in ICAM-1 gene and IVS5-13insC variant in HMGA1 gene were not associated with the susceptibility of DR in the Chinese T2DM cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Lv
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Ying Li
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- b State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Yi Qu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To measure cytokine concentrations in aqueous humor of eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema. METHODS The interventional clinical comparative study included a study group of 23 patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema and a control group of 22 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Cytokine concentrations were measured in aqueous humor samples using a Luminex xMAP suspension array technology. RESULTS In the study group as compared with the control group, significantly higher concentrations were measured for epidermal growth factor (P < 0.001), human growth factor (P < 0.001), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; P < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-1a2 (P = 0.04), IL-6 (P = 0.001), IL-8 (P < 0.001), interferon gamma-induced protein (P = 0.004), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P < 0.001), monokine induced by interferon gamma (P < 0.001), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (P = 0.02), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (P < 0.001), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (P < 0.001), placenta growth factor (P < 0.001), tissue growth factor beta (P = 0.003), vascular cell adhesion molecule (P < 0.001), and vascular endothelial growth factor (P < 0.001). Retinal macula thickness was significantly associated with the concentrations of the epidermal growth factor (P = 0.005; ρ = 0.45), ICAM-1 (P < 0.001; ρ = 0.65), IL-3 (P = 0.002; ρ = 0.48), IL-6 (P = 0.003; ρ = 0.47), IL-8 (P < 0.001; ρ = 0.71), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.001; ρ = 0.53), monokine induced by interferon gamma (P < 0.001; ρ = 0.57), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (P < 0.001; ρ = 0.61), tissue growth factor beta (P = 0.01; ρ = 0.42), placenta growth factor (P = 0.004; ρ = 0.46), vascular cell adhesion molecule (P = 0.006; ρ = 0.44), and vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.01; ρ = 0.42). In multivariate analysis, macular thickness remained to be significantly associated with the concentration of ICAM-1 (P = 0.03; r = 0.30). Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were correlated with concentration of placenta growth factor (P < 0.001; ρ = 0.78), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (P = 0.001; ρ = 0.54), ICAM-1 (P < 0.001; ρ = 0.47), monokine induced by interferon gamma (P = 0.004; ρ = 0.44), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.003; ρ = 0.43), vascular cell adhesion molecule (P = 0.01; ρ = 0.38), IL-6 (P = 0.02; ρ = 0.35), IL-8 (P = 0.02; ρ = 0.37), epidermal growth factor (P = 0.01; ρ = 0.39), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (P = 0.01; ρ = 0.37). CONCLUSION Numerous cytokines are associated with the presence and the amount of diabetic macular edema. Among these cytokines, ICAM-1 was the most significantly associated with the disease parameters.
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Therapeutic interventions against inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:629452. [PMID: 23028203 PMCID: PMC3457666 DOI: 10.1155/2012/629452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes is estimated to be 336 million people, with diabetic complications contributing to significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy results from cumulative microvascular damage to the retina and inflammation is recognized as a critical driver of this disease process. This paper outlines the pathophysiology leading to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and highlights many of the inflammatory, angiogenic, and cytokine mediators implicated in the development and progression of this disease. We focus a detailed discussion on the current targeted therapeutic interventions used to treat diabetic retinopathy.
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Gustavsson C, Agardh CD, Zetterqvist AV, Nilsson J, Agardh E, Gomez MF. Vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in mice retinal vessels is affected by both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12699. [PMID: 20856927 PMCID: PMC2938334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation has been proposed to be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. An early feature of inflammation is the release of cytokines leading to increased expression of endothelial activation markers such as vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Here we investigated the impact of diabetes and dyslipidemia on VCAM-1 expression in mouse retinal vessels, as well as the potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Methodology/Principal Findings Expression of VCAM-1 was examined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in vessels of wild type (wt), hyperlipidemic (ApoE−/−) and TNFα deficient (TNFα−/−, ApoE−/−/TNFα−/−) mice. Eight weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in increased VCAM-1 in wt mice, predominantly in small vessels (<10 µm). Diabetic wt mice had higher total retinal TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA than controls; as well as higher soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) in plasma. Lack of TNFα increased higher basal VCAM-1 protein and sVCAM-1, but failed to up-regulate IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA and VCAM-1 protein in response to diabetes. Basal VCAM-1 expression was higher in ApoE−/− than in wt mice and both VCAM-1 mRNA and protein levels were further increased by high fat diet. These changes correlated to plasma cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, but not to triglycerides levels. Diabetes, despite further increasing plasma cholesterol in ApoE−/− mice, had no effects on VCAM-1 protein expression or on sVCAM-1. However, it increased ICAM-1 mRNA expression in retinal vessels, which correlated to plasma triglycerides. Conclusions/Significance Hyperglycemia triggers an inflammatory response in the retina of normolipidemic mice and up-regulation of VCAM-1 in retinal vessels. Hypercholesterolemia effectively promotes VCAM-1 expression without evident stimulation of inflammation. Diabetes-induced endothelial activation in ApoE−/− mice seems driven by elevated plasma triglycerides but not by cholesterol. Results also suggest a complex role for TNFα in the regulation of VCAM-1 expression, being protective under basal conditions but pro-inflammatory in response to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria F. Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Khalfaoui T, Lizard G, Beltaief O, Colin D, Ben Hamida J, Errais K, Ammous I, Zbiba W, Tounsi L, Zhioua R, Anane R, Ouertani-Meddeb A. Immunohistochemical analysis of cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and VEGF in fibrovascular membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Preliminary study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 57:513-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhou T, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhou KK, Zhang B, Gao G, Ma JX. The pathogenic role of the canonical Wnt pathway in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 51:4371-9. [PMID: 19875668 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors' previous studies showed that the Wnt signaling pathway is activated in the retinas and retinal pigment epithelia of animal models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the canonical Wnt pathway in pathogenesis of these diseases. METHODS The Wnt pathway was activated using the Wnt3a-conditioned medium and adenovirus expressing a constitutively active mutant of beta-catenin (Ad-S37A) in ARPE19, a cell line derived from human RPE. Ad-S37A was injected into the vitreous of normal rats to activate the Wnt pathway in the retina. Accumulation of beta-catenin was determined by Western blot analysis, and its nuclear translocation was revealed by immunocytochemistry. Inflammatory factors were quantified by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nitrotyrosine levels. RESULTS The Wnt3a-conditioned medium and Ad-S37A both increased beta-catenin levels and its nuclear translocation in ARPE19 cells, suggesting activation of the canonical Wnt pathway. Activation of the Wnt pathway significantly upregulated the expression of VEGF, NF-kappaB, and TNF-alpha. Further, Ad-S37A induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Wnt3a also induced a twofold increase of ROS generation. Intravitreal injection of Ad-S37A upregulated the expression of VEGF, ICAM-1, NF-kappaB, and TNF-alpha and increased protein nitrotyrosine levels in the retinas of normal rats. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the canonical Wnt pathway is sufficient to induce retinal inflammation and oxidative stress and plays a pathogenic role in AMD and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Adamiec-Mroczek J, Oficjalska-Młyńczak J, Misiuk-Hojło M. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy-The influence of diabetes control on the activation of the intraocular molecule system. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 84:46-50. [PMID: 19237221 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Demonstrate the influence of type 2 diabetes control on the degree of retinal endothelial damage (vWF, E-selectin) and local increases in the concentrations of selected adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS Vitreous and serum samples were collected during vitrectomy from 19 patients with PDR and 15 patients who underwent vitrectomy for other reasons. Tests were performed using the ELISA method. RESULTS Serum and intraocular concentrations of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, vWF were considerably higher in the subjects with PDR than in the controls. In the vitreous, the increase in vWF depended on the elevated levels of vWF in the serum (r=0.905, p<0.001). E-selectin correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r=0.506, p=0.045). The concentrations of vWF and E-selectin in both samples were related to the significant increases in intraocular ICAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in the serum of PDR patients. Increased VCAM-1 level in the vitreous correlated with the concentration of HbA(1)c (r=0.59, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Upon local and systemic damage to the endothelium there were significant increases in ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. A significant positive correlation of VCAM-1 increase in the vitreous with HbA(1)c is an important argument for the influence of diabetes on immuno-inflammatory activation in the retinal microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Adamiec-Mroczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 2a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
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Nowak M, Wielkoszyński T, Marek B, Kos-Kudła B, Świętochowska E, Siemińska L, Kajdaniuk D, Głogowska-Szelag J, Nowak K. Blood serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) and endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) in diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Med 2008; 8:159-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-008-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. J Mol Histol 2007; 39:243-9. [PMID: 18165914 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-007-9159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) were studied in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including ocular fundus and retinal fluorescein angiography. The indirect immunoperoxidase method was performed on 15 normal conjunctivas taken during cataract surgery (group 1), on 40 eyes of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DR) (group 2) and 13 eyes of 13 patients with DR (group 3). ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are located in epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells and in stromal cells. Our results show a statistically significant increase in the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients with and without DR in comparison with normal conjunctiva (P = 0.001). Noteworthy, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are upregulated in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients with and without retinopathy, reflecting the inflammatory nature of this condition and suggesting a possible role for these mediators in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy.
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20
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Khalfaoui T, Kria L, Anane R, Erraies K, Beltaief O, Mkannez G, Zhioua R, Ben Jilani S, Ouertani Meddeb A. [Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients: a preliminary study]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2006; 29:783-8. [PMID: 16988628 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(06)73847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent research has incriminated adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. These molecules have been found to be expressed in many cells participating in inflammatory processes and neovascularization. The purpose of our investigation was to study the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (ICAM-1) in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients without retinopathy in comparison with normal human conjunctiva. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen conjunctival biopsies were obtained from diabetic patients without retinopathy. The ocular fundus examination and retinal fluorescein angiography were normal. The normal human conjunctiva were taken from five patients undergoing senile cataract surgery. Immunohistochemical analysis consisted of indirect immunoperoxidase using the monoclonal antibody ICAM-1. RESULTS The adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was immunolocalized in epithelial, vascular endothelial, and inflammatory cells. The expression of this molecule was different in diabetic patients for the same duration. In the normal human conjunctiva, the expression of ICAM-1 was very low. CONCLUSION This preliminary study shows that ICAM-1 is present in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients without retinopathy and thus may add new insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Khalfaoui
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie.
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Ogata N, Nomura S, Shouzu A, Imaizumi M, Arichi M, Matsumura M. Elevation of monocyte-derived microparticles in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 73:241-8. [PMID: 16584800 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is associated with microvascular damage and capillary occlusions which are common features of the microangiopathy in diabetes. Monocyte-derived microparticles (MDMPs) are released from activated monocytes and enhance the procoagulant activity, and also activate adhesion reactions. These are key events in the development of capillary occlusion. The MDMPs level in the blood, and platelet activation markers (platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs), CD62P and CD63) were measured by flow cytometry in 72 diabetic patients. The plasma levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin were analyzed by ELISA. The level of MDMPs was significantly correlated with the levels of PDMPs (r=0.52, P<0.001), CD62P (r=0.37, P=0.001), CD63 (r=0.31 and P=0.007), P-selectin (r=0.38, P=0.001), and ICAM-1 (r=0.31, P=0.009). The MDMPs level increased with the progression of the diabetic retinopathy: 81+/-14/10(4)platelets (plts) in patients without retinopathy (n=10); 88+/-8/10(4)plts with mild or moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n=12); 95+/-8/10(4)plts with severe NPDR (n=24); and 112+/-9/10(4)plts with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n=26). The MDMPs level in patients with areas of capillary occlusion (123+/-10/10(4)plts, n=25) was significantly higher than that in patients without areas of capillary occlusion (84+/-5/10(4)plts, n=25; P=0.0008). These correlations suggest that increased levels of MDMPs may accelerate the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Ogata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
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Liu L, Yu Q, Wang H, Zhang SX, Huang C, Chen X. Association of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 polymorphisms with retinopathy in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2006; 23:643-8. [PMID: 16759306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship of the K469E and G241R polymorphisms of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy-two Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes and 80 normal control subjects were recruited. Patients with diabetes were placed into two groups: the diabetic retinopathy (DR) group and the non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group. The DR group was subdivided into those with proliferative retinopathy (PDR) and non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR). Genomic DNA was prepared using the hydroxybenzene-chloroform extraction method. Genotypes and alleles were detected by polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-HA-SSCP) analysis combined with gene sequencing. RESULTS The patients with retinopathy had an increased frequency of the K469K genotype compared with both the patients without retinopathy and the control subjects (61.4 vs. 40.0 and 35.0%, respectively; chi(2) = 8.280 and 13.952, respectively; P < 0.05). The frequency of the K allele in the DR group was higher than in the NDR group and control subjects (75.4 vs. 58.8 and 61.3%, respectively; chi(2) = 9.693 and 11.219, respectively; P < 0.05). Genotype and allele frequencies were similar in the NDR group and control subjects, and in the PDR and NPDR groups. CONCLUSION The ICAM-1 gene K469E polymorphism is associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes. Patients with the K469K genotype were more likely to have diabetic retinopathy than patients with the K469E or E469E genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pachydaki SI, Tari SR, Lee SE, Ma W, Tseng JJ, Sosunov AA, Cataldergirmen G, Scarmeas N, Caspersen C, Chang S, Schiff WM, Schmidt AM, Barile GR. Upregulation of RAGE and its ligands in proliferative retinal disease. Exp Eye Res 2006; 82:807-15. [PMID: 16364297 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2005.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We sought to study the presence of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and its ligands, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), S100/calgranulins and amphoterin (high mobility group box 1 protein; HMGB1), in the vitreous cavity and epiretinal membranes (ERMs) of eyes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Undiluted vitreous specimens were collected from 30 eyes of 30 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for repair of retinal detachment (RD) secondary to PDR (n = 15) or PVR (n = 15). The vitreous samples obtained from 10 eyes undergoing macular hole repair were used as controls. Epiretinal membranes were obtained from eight eyes with PDR and from 10 eyes with PVR. The levels of AGEs in the vitreous were measured using ELISA. The vitreous levels of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), S100/calgranulins and amphoterin were measured using Western blot analyses. The localization of RAGE and its ligands in ERMs was determined with immunohistochemistry. The vitreous levels of sRAGE were significantly increased in both PDR and PVR (p < or = 0.05) compared to control vitreous. In both PDR and PVR, the vitreous levels of AGEs (p < or = 0.01), S100/calgranulins (p < or = 0.05), and amphoterin (p < or = 0.01) were also elevated compared to control eyes. Expression of RAGE was detected in six of eight ERMs from eyes with PDR and eight of 10 ERMs from eyes with PVR. Many cells expressing RAGE also expressed vimentin, suggesting a glial cell origin. Ligands for RAGE were also detected in ERMs, with AGEs detected in five eyes with PDR and eight eyes with PVR. Similarly, S100 and amphoterin ERM expression was observed in six eyes with PDR; these ligands were also expressed in ERMs from eyes with PVR (8 and 7 cases, respectively). We conclude that RAGE and its ligands are increased in the vitreous cavity of eyes with PDR and PVR and are present in ERMs of eyes with these proliferative retinal disorders. These findings suggest a role for the proinflammatory RAGE axis in the pathogenesis of proliferative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia I Pachydaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kria L, Khalfaoui T, Mkannez G, Beltaief O, Anane R, Errais K, Tounsi L, Zhioua R, Jilani SB, Ouertani AM. Immunohistochemical study of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor suppressor protein (p53) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients. J Mol Histol 2006; 36:381-90. [PMID: 16482425 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-005-9002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression pattern of VEGF, p53 and ICAM-1 was studied in conjunctiva of diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including retinal fluorescein angiography. Indirect immunoperoxidase method was performed on 20 eyes of 20 patients with type II diabetes without DR and on 5 eyes of 5 patients with PDR. A control study was performed on 6 normal conjunctiva undertaken during cataract surgery. Immunoreactivity of VEGF, p53 and ICAM-1 was found in epithelial, fibroblast and vascular endothelial cells. For the same duration of diabetes, a strong to moderate or weak immunoreactivity was observed in the conjunctiva of patients without retinopathy. In patients with PDR, the expression was strong for all these proteins. The immunoreactivity was correlated between VEGF, p53 and ICAM-1. In the normal conjunctiva, a weak to negative immunostaining was observed. The presence of these proteins in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients without retinopathy may add new data in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Kria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tunis, Tunisia
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25
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Zhang X, Barile G, Chang S, Hays A, Pachydaki S, Schiff W, Sparrow J. Apoptosis and cell proliferation in proliferative retinal disorders: PCNA, Ki-67, caspase-3, and PARP expression. Curr Eye Res 2005; 30:395-403. [PMID: 16020270 DOI: 10.1080/02713680590956306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the incidence of cell proliferation and apoptosis in epiretinal membranes from eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and macular pucker (MP) and to further investigate the potential involvement of key executors of apoptosis. METHODS Epiretinal membranes were obtained from the eyes of 23 patients who underwent vitrectomy surgery for recurrent retinal detachment due to PVR (n = 16), traction retinal detachment due to PDR (n = 5), and macular pucker (n = 2). Cell proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 and PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen) immunostaining. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfrase-dUTP-nick end labeling). The expression of caspase-3 and PARP (poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase) was detected using antibodies against activated caspase-3 and p85 fragment of PARP. Cytokeratin and activated caspase-3/PARP, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and activated caspase-3/PARP double staining were used to identify cell types in the membranes. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the cell proliferative index between PVR (70.1 +/- 4.2%), PDR (82.1 +/- 7.0%), and macular pucker (72.9 +/- 22.8%) by multivariate analysis (p = 0.39, ANOVA) and univariate analysis. Apoptotic nuclei were seen more frequently in chronic retinal detachments of greater than 2 months duration, but the difference, compared to shorter term retinal detachments was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). The apoptosis indices determined for PVR (2.3 +/- 0.7%), PDR (3.4 +/- 1.5%) and macular pucker (5.5 +/- 3.2%) were not significantly different (ANOVA, p = 0.41). Apoptotic nuclei were correlated, increased with expression of caspase-3 and PARP. Many apoptotic cells appeared to derive from retinal pigment epithelium cells. CONCLUSIONS Cell proliferation and apoptosis appear to be key mechanisms regulating certain cell populations in epiretinal membranes of PVR, PDR, and macular pucker. Inhibition of proliferative regulators such as PCNA and/or activation of apoptotic executors such as caspase-3 may serve as therapeutic targets to halt progression of proliferative retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Ogata N, Imaizumi M, Nomura S, Shozu A, Arichi M, Matsuoka M, Matsumura M. Increased levels of platelet-derived microparticles in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005; 68:193-201. [PMID: 15936460 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is caused by capillary occlusions. Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) stimulate the coagulation cascade and increase leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesions, both of which are key events in the development of diabetic retinopathy. However, the correlation between the levels of PMPs and diabetic retinopathy has not been precisely determined. The PMPs levels and the expression of platelet CD62P and CD63 were measured in 92 diabetic patients. The level of PMPs was significantly correlated with the expression of CD62P (r = 0.76, P < 0.0001) and CD63 (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001). The mean level of PMPs in diabetics (507+/-15/10(4) platelets (plt), mean+/-S.E.) was significantly higher than that in normal. The PMPs levels increased with the progression of the diabetic retinopathy; 480+/-28/10(4) plt in diabetic patients without retinopathy (n = 25), 504+/-40/10(4) plt with mild or moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 13), 512+/-29/10(4) plt with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 25), and 528+/-25/10(4) plt with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=29). The PMPs level in patients with non-perfused retinal areas (582+/-27/10(4) plt, n = 24) was significantly higher than patients without non-perfused areas (469+/-23/10(4) plt, n = 30; P = 0.0096) and without diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.024). These high correlations indicate that increased levels of PMPs may accelerate diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Ogata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kansai Medical University, Fumizono-cho 10-15, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan.
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27
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Fan W, Zheng JJ, Peiper SC, McLaughlin BJ. Changes in gene expression of ARPE-19 cells in response to vitreous treatment. Ophthalmic Res 2002; 34:357-65. [PMID: 12483023 DOI: 10.1159/000067048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in gene expression by a human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line (ARPE-19) in response to vitreous treatment, which induces RPE proliferation and phenotypic changes in vitro that mimic the repair response observed in vivo during proliferative vitreoretinopathy. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were grown for more than 4 weeks and their gene expression studied in: (1) subconfluent cultures treated with 50% human vitreous for 72 h; (2) subconfluent cultures without vitreous treatment, and (3) a confluent, nondividing monolayer. Total RNA was extracted from RPE cells and differential gene expression between each condition was determined using gene arrays (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif., USA). Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm the upregulation of 4 genes related to vitreous treatment. In addition, the secretion of 1 of these upregulated gene products, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), was confirmed by ELISA. RESULTS A greater than threefold increase in the expression of mRNA for cell cycle regulators, intracellular transducers, cell adhesion proteins, growth factors and chemokines was observed following vitreous treatment of the RPE cell line and a corresponding decrease in the expression of genes related to apoptosis. RT-PCR confirmed the increased gene expression of MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 precursor and vascular endothelial growth factor in vitreous-treated cells. Immunoassays further showed an increased MCP-1 secretion by vitreous-treated RPE. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in this in vitro vitreous treatment model, ARPE-19 cells participate in a mock repair response by upregulating genes encoding for proteins associated with inflammation and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Hernández C, Burgos R, Cantón A, García-Arumí J, Segura RM, Simó R. Vitreous levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:516-21. [PMID: 11289478 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.3.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intravitreous concentration of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the relationship of VCAM-1 with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum and vitreous fluid samples were obtained simultaneously at the onset of vitrectomy from 20 diabetic patients with PDR and 20 nondiabetic control subjects with nonproliferative ocular disease. Both groups were matched by serum levels of VCGM-1 and VEGF. VCAM-1 and VEGF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistics were determined using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS The intravitreous concentration of VCAM-1 was signifcantly elevated in diabetic patients with PDR compared with control subjects (26 ng/ml [19-118] vs. 22 ng/ml [20-47], P < 0.05). A direct correlation between VCAM-1 and total vitreous proteins was detected in diabetic patients (r = 0.64, P = 0.003), but not in control subjects. After adjusting for total intravitreous proteins, VCAM-1 was significantly lower in diabetic patients with PDR than in control subjects (8.2 ng/ml [4-31.4] vs. 43.1 ng/ml [9.7-100], P < 0.001). Intravitreous VEGF concentrations were higher in patients with PDR than in control subjects in absolute terms (1.34 ng/ml [0.16-6.22] vs. 0.009 ng/ml [0.009-0.044], P < 0.0001) and after correcting for total vitreal proteins (0.33 ng/ml [0.01-2.3] vs. 0.013 ng/ml [0.003-0.035], P = 0.0001). Finally, the vitreous ratio of VCAM-1 to proteins correlated with the vitreous ratio of VEGF to proteins in both diabetic patients (r = 0.74, P = 0.001) and control subjects (r = 0.84, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The low proportion of VCAM-1 in relation to total vitreal proteins observed in diabetic patients with PDR suggests that VCAM-1 is quenched by diabetic retina. In addition, the direct correlation detected between VCAM-1 and VEGF suggests that cellular adhesion and neovascularization may be linked processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hernández
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Vaskuläre Veränderungen bei der diabetischen Retinopathie: Die zellulären und humoralen Interaktionsmechanismen in Antwort auf die Stoffwechselveränderungen. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03162830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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